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Bano A, Asghar F, Ejaz H, Junaid K, Bashier Eltayeb L, Javed N. Exploring the virulence potential of immune evasion cluster genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from cancer patients. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103835. [PMID: 37885612 PMCID: PMC10597789 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is accountable for a plethora of infections, ranging from minor cutaneous manifestations to grave metastatic conditions. The dissemination of MRSA among cancer patients poses a substantial public health hazard on a global scale. This study explores the association between MRSA and bacteriophage-encoded immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes. This investigation employed a total of 168 pathogenic MRSA collected from 38 cancer and 130 non-cancer patients. A cefoxitin disc diffusion method followed by PCR analysis was used to identify the mecA gene. In this study, we employed singleplex and multiplexed PCR techniques to detect specific IEC genes. No association (p = 0.98) was observed between the sex and age of patients and MRSA isolates. However, MRSA isolates demonstrated a notable association (p = 0.01) with pus samples in non-cancer patients and skin swabs in cancer patients. The resistance profiles of MRSA strains from cancer and non-cancer patients did not show significant differences (p > 0.05). Notably, the sea gene was found to be more prevalent in MRSA isolates from cancer patients, displaying a significant association (p = 0.03). Additionally, this study identified two novel and distinct combinations of IEC types, namely V1 (sea, chp, scn) and V2 (sea, scn). Cancer patients had higher multidrug resistance and toxin gene abundance than non-cancer patients. The identification of two novel IEC patterns underscores the urgent need to control MRSA dissemination in hospitals and monitor emerging clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Bano
- Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics (MMG), University of the Punjab, Quaid e Azam (New) Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Farah Asghar
- Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics (MMG), University of the Punjab, Quaid e Azam (New) Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashaf Junaid
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Lienda Bashier Eltayeb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University- Al-Kharj, 11942, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Numan Javed
- Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics (MMG), University of the Punjab, Quaid e Azam (New) Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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Asghar F, Bano A, Waheed F, Ahmed Anjum A, Ejaz H, Javed N. Association of exogenous factors with molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in human oral cavity. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103613. [PMID: 36936700 PMCID: PMC10018566 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequency of Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with oral cavity microbiota has prodigious consideration. Although S. aureus has been reflected as an ephemeral member of the human oral cavity microbiota, the isolation, identification, and characterization of S. aureus is important. The present study aimed to characterize S. aureus strains from the oral cavity microflora, isolation of S. aureus from the human oral cavity microbiota, and demographic information of the participants to evaluate exogenous factors associated with the presence of S. aureus and their genetic analysis linkage with different factors. The method used in this study is the isolation of oral cavity microbiomes using sheep blood agar and Mannitol salt agar. We performed antibiotic profiling with various antibiotics and genetic analysis utilizing gene-specific primers for specific genes, including nuc, mecA, pvl, agr, and coa. A significant number of S. aureus isolates were found in the oral cavity of humans 18/84 (21.42%), and all 18 strains tested positive for the confirmatory nuc gene. Antibiotic resistance-conferring gene mecA was positive in 10 (55.6%) isolates. It was found that the occurrence of pvl, agr, and coagulase (coa) genes was 9 (50%), 6 (33.33%), and 10 (55.6%), respectively. The genetic analysis reported that significant associations were present between male and mecA gene (P = 0.03) and coa (P = 0.03), smokers with the occurrence of mecA (P = 0.02), agr (P = 0.048) and coa (P = 0.02) genes. Likewise, the association of antibiotic usage was significantly found with mecA (P = 0.02), coa (P = 0.02); however, the individuals who have taken orthodontic treatment recently have a significant association with agr (P = 0.017). The use of mouth rinse was significantly associated with the prevalence of the pvl gene (P = 0.01), and tooth brushing frequency and inflammation of the buccal cavity were also statistically significant in relation to pvl gene prevalence (P = 0.02, 0.00, respectively). Moreover, calories and weight-controlled diet were significantly associated with mecA, agr, and highly significant with coa (P = 0.02, 0.048, 0.000), so all P < 0.05, and no significant association was found between the socioeconomic status of individuals with aforementioned analyzed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Asghar
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abida Bano
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fadia Waheed
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed Anjum
- Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Numan Javed
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Tabassum H, Gull M, Rasheed A, Bano A, Ejaz H, Javed N. Molecular analysis of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (pvl) gene among MRSA and MSSA isolates. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e250351. [PMID: 36753148 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.250351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted in order to determine the frequency of pvl gene among the pathogenic and healthy population isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). For this purpose, nasal swab samples were collected from the healthy individuals (to be used as controls, all the samples were collected irrespective of the sex and age factors), the pathogenic samples were collected from different patients suffering from skin &soft tissue infections caused by S. aureus (to be used as test samples).Both of these population samples were analyzed for the presence of pvl gene. S.aureus were identified through conventional microbiological identification procedures. In the case of normal samples, 70 nasal swabs were collected and only 33 (47%) proved to be S. aureus while 20 pathogenic samples were collected and all (100%) were cleared as S. aureus. For further distribution of samples into MRSA and MSSA, antibiotic susceptibility pattern was checked by using the standard protocols of Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Two antibiotic discs Oxacillin (OX: 1ug) and cefoxitin (FOX: 30ug) were used. Among healthy population, MRSA was found to be 79% (n=26) and MSSA were present as 21% (n= 7). Among pathogenic strains 100% MRSA was detected where n= 20. Detection of pvl gene among the MRSA and MSSA isolates was done by using the uniplex PCR followed by gel electrophoresis. MRSA and MSSA of normal healthy population carried 49% and 7% pvl gene respectively. While, pathogenic MRSA samples carried 46% pvl gene among them. Potentially alarming percentage of pvl gene is present among the normal healthy individuals which indicates a future threat and a major health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tabassum
- University of the Punjab, Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Quaide Azam (new) campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Gull
- University of the Punjab, Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Quaide Azam (new) campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Rasheed
- University of the Punjab, Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Quaide Azam (new) campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Bano
- University of the Punjab, Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Quaide Azam (new) campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H Ejaz
- Jouf University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Javed
- University of the Punjab, Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Quaide Azam (new) campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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Javed N, Iqbal E, Afzal S, Rehman B, Parvaiz M. Efficacy of pre-operative axillary ultrasonography in excluding nodal disease – can it replace sentinel lymph node biopsy in early stage breast cancer? Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the psychological impact of the social distancing measures in place due to the coronavirus pandemic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on the Pakistani population. Informed consent was taken from all the participants. The data was collected through an online questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the internal consistency of the questionnaire, and it was found to be 0.80. The data obtained was analyzed on IBM's statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 26. RESULTS Out of 706 participants, 489 (69.26 %) were males and 217 (30.74 %) were females. The mean age of the participants was 35.24 ± 12.08 years. The majority of the participants were from Punjab (66.00 %).The mean time since quarantine measures had been established was 10.35 ± 5.09 days. The mean total score was 9.08 ± 2.38 points. A majority of the participants (25.64 %) were daily wage workers. t-test was significant when the time of quarantine was compared to the psychological impact. Significant results were also found when gender was compared to the impact. CONCLUSIONS Social distancing measures have an impact on psychology and endocrinology of people in general. The impact can take the shape of long-lasting consequences (Tab. 3, Ref. 19).
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Chauhdary
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - A R Rubel
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - A Bashir
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - M T Hla Aye
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - N Javed
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Z N Soe
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - S M A Sharif
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - B I Mani
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - M Oomen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - V H Chong
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital Jalan Sungai Basong Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
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Bashir A, Chauhdary WA, Rubel AR, Soe ZN, Hla Aye MT, Javed N, Mani BI, Lim KC, Chong VH. Pulmonary aspergilloma. QJM 2020; 113:821-822. [PMID: 32077956 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Bashir
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - W A Chauhdary
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - A R Rubel
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Z N Soe
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - M T Hla Aye
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - N Javed
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - B I Mani
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - K C Lim
- Department of Radiology, RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - V H Chong
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan, Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam and PAPRSB, Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
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Chauhdary WA, Rubel AR, Bashir A, Soe ZN, Mahmud N, Hla Aye MT, Javed N, Mani BI, Chong VH. Acute filarial fever. QJM 2020; 113:756. [PMID: 32053196 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W A Chauhdary
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - A R Rubel
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - A Bashir
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Z N Soe
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - N Mahmud
- Department of Laboratory, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - M T Hla Aye
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - N Javed
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - B I Mani
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - V H Chong
- Department of Medicine, Pengiran Muda Mahkota Haji Al-Mutadee Billah Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
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Khanum N, Rehman B, Parvaiz M, Chuadhary M, Javed N, Khan A, Afzal S, Naheed R, Mohsin J. Size discrepancy of residual tumor between post chemotherapy sonography and on post excision histopathology after Neo adjuvant chemotherapy and its impact on 5 years disease free survival. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)30632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A R Rubel
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - W A Chauhdary
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - A Bashir
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Z N Soe
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - N Javed
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - S M A Sharif
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - M T Hla Aye
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - V H Chong
- Department of Medicine, PMMPHAMB Hospital, Jalan Sungai Basong, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam.
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Rafique I, Saqib MAN, Siddiqui S, Munir MA, Qureshi H, Javed N, Naz S, Tirmazi IZ. Experiences of stigma among hepatitis B and C patients in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J 2015; 20:796-803. [PMID: 25664518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B and C are chronic diseases with mental and social impacts which can result in poor quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the experiences of stigma in a sample of hepatitis B- and C-positive patients in Pakistan. In a cross-sectional study, 140 inpatients and outpatients from 3 tertiary-care hospitals in Islamabad and Rawalpindi answered a semi-structured questionnaire about stigma experienced from relatives, friends, spouse and health-care providers, and about work/financial problems. The majority of patients (75%) said they had had to change their lifestyle, and significantly more were males than females. Stigma was marked in terms of disease transmission, with 66% of patients fearing that they could transmit the infection to others; 19% said that family members avoided sharing towels, soap and eating and drinking utensils. Marital relationships were affected for 51% of married patients who had told their spouse. Patients' comments showed a sense of family and societal discrimination resulting in feelings of disappointment and isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rafique
- Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M A N Saqib
- Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Siddiqui
- Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M A Munir
- Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - H Qureshi
- Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - N Javed
- Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Naz
- Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - I Z Tirmazi
- Liver Clinic, Federal Government Services Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Rafique I, Saqib M, Siddiqui S, Munir M, Qureshi H, Javed N, Naz S, Tirmazi I. Experiences of stigma among hepatitis B and C patients in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J 2014. [DOI: 10.26719/2014.20.12.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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El Houfi A, Javed N, Nathwani D, Solem CT, Macahilig CP, Stephens JM, Raghubir N, Hájek P, Li JZ, Haider S. Early Switch/Early Discharge Opportunities for Hospitalized Patients with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Complicated Skin And Soft Tissue Infections: Proof Of Concept in the United Arab Emirates. Value Health 2014; 17:A683. [PMID: 27202531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A El Houfi
- Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - N Javed
- Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - D Nathwani
- Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - C T Solem
- Pharmerit International, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Hájek
- Pfizer, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - J Z Li
- Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
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Rafique I, Saqib MAN, Siddiqui S, Munir MA, Javed N, Naz S, Tirmizi IZ, Qureshi H. P4.021 Assessment of Stigma Among Patients of Hepatitis B and C. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Javed N. Ability of different isolates of Staphlococcal aureus to induce reactive metabolites in human polymorphovuclear leucocytes (P4429). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.206.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive bacterium that causes a number of diseases such as abscesses, infective endocarditis, septic arthritis, etc. It is acquiring resistance against many antibiotics like methicillin due to which its control is becoming difficult. Phagocytes interact with bacteria and phagocytose them. The phagocytosis leads to killing of bacteria by activation of respiratory burst during which different bactericidal metabolites like reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) are produced. For this one hundred different isolates of S. aureus were obtained from various hospitals of Lahore in which fifty isolates were methicillin resistant while rest of the fifty isolates were methicillin sensitive. Peripheral blood from healthy individuals was used to obtain polymorphonuclear leucocytes by dextran density gradient centrifugation. Superoxide concentration was determined by the reduction of ferricytochrome c and nitric oxide concentration was measured by Griess method.Methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) has showed more phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes as compare to methicillin resistant S. aures (MRSA). Similarly, a significant difference was observed between two isolates of S. aures to induce ROI and RNI by human PMNs. MRSA produced more mean value of superoxide and nitric oxide as compare to MSSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numan Javed
- 1Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Javed N, Tully MP. Content validity of indicators of the appropriateness of long-term prescribing started during a hospital admission. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7174.2002.tb00659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Focal points
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Affiliation(s)
- N Javed
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL
| | - M P Tully
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL
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Javed N, Afzal N, Tahir R, Abbas A. In vitro phagocytosis of methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2009; 21:49-52. [PMID: 20524468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive bacterium that causes a number of diseases such as abscesses, infective endocarditis, septic arthritis, etc. It is acquiring resistance against many antibiotics like methicillin; therefore its control is becoming increasingly difficult. Peripheral blood phagocytes particularly polymorphonuclear leucocytes play an important role in the protective mechanisms against these organisms. Phagocytes interact with bacteria and phagocytose these microorganisms to kill them. METHODS Phenotypically different isolates of Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) were collected from various hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Fresh polymorphonuclaer leucocytes were obtained from healthy individuals by centrifugation using Ficol-Hypaque gradient combined with dextran sedimentation. Microbiological method was used for the determination of phagocytic index of phenotypic variants of Staphylococcus aureus. RESULTS A significant difference was observed between the phagocytic index of both bacterial groups. MSSA group showed the Mean +/- SD of 79.46% +/- 3.9 while MRSA group showed 72.350% +/- 2.5. CONCLUSION Significant difference in phagocytic index indicates that it can be one of the mechanisms of MRSA to evade host immune system as compare to MSSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numan Javed
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Robertson N, Javed N, Samani NJ, Khunti K. Psychological morbidity and illness appraisals of patients with cardiac and non-cardiac chest pain attending a rapid access chest pain clinic: a longitudinal cohort study. Heart 2008; 94:e12. [PMID: 17540685 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2006.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the psychological morbidity and illness beliefs in newly referred patients with chest pain, and to compare the psychological morbidity of patients with pain of cardiac origin with that of patients with pain of non-cardiac origin. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Rapid Access Chest Pain Clinic in a tertiary referral centre in Leicester, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS 246 patients with acute, undifferentiated, chest pain followed up 1 week and 2 months subsequent to clinic attendance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Levels of affective disturbance, health anxiety and illness perception. RESULTS Levels of anxiety before clinic attendance exceeded community norms but did not differentiate the two groups. However, after clinic attendance levels of anxiety for those with a non-cardiac diagnosis significantly exceeded those of patients whose pain was of cardiac origin and remained above community norms 2 months hence. Non-cardiac patients viewed their condition as significantly less controllable and less understandable than those whose pain was cardiac in origin. Levels of depression for those with cardiac pain also significantly increased to above community norms after clinic attendance. CONCLUSIONS Clinical levels of psychological morbidity are evident in the immediate and long-term aftermath of a visit to a Rapid Access Chest Pain Clinic, despite early access and provision of reassurance. More structured interventions appear necessary to deal with both distress and illness beliefs that may influence future healthcare use.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Robertson
- School of Psychology, University of Leicester, UK.
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19
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Javed N, Viner R, Williamson MS, Field LM, Devonshire AL, Moores GD. Characterization of acetylcholinesterases, and their genes, from the hemipteran species Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis gossypii (Glover), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Insect Mol Biol 2003; 12:613-620. [PMID: 14986922 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2003.00446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gene sequences encoding putative acetylcholinesterases have been reported for four hemipteran insect species. Although acetylcholinesterase insensitivity occurs in insecticide-resistant populations of each of these species, no mutations were detected in the gene sequences from the resistant insects. This, coupled with a series of experiments using novel reversible inhibitors to compare the biochemical characteristics of acetylcholinesterase from a range of insect species, showed that the cloned cDNA fragments are unlikely to encode the hemipteran synaptic acetylcholinesterases, and there is likely to be a second ace locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Javed
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, UK
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20
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Meyer AL, Benson J, Song F, Javed N, Gienapp IE, Goverman J, Brabb TA, Hood L, Whitacre CC. Rapid depletion of peripheral antigen-specific T cells in TCR-transgenic mice after oral administration of myelin basic protein. J Immunol 2001; 166:5773-81. [PMID: 11313421 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.9.5773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific TCR-transgenic (Tg) mice, peripheral T cells express the Valpha2.3/Vbeta8.2-Tg TCR, demonstrate vigorous proliferative responses to MBP in vitro, and can exhibit experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) within 5 days of pertussis toxin injection. We explored the effects of oral administration of MBP on the cellular trafficking of the MBP-specific TCR-Tg cells and the ability of oral MBP to protect Tg mice from EAE. Tg mice were fed MBP, OVA or vehicle and sacrificed at various times after feeding. An immediate and dramatic decrease in Valpha2.3/Vbeta8.2(+)-Tg cells was observed in the periphery within 1 h after feeding. By 3 days after feeding, the percentage of Tg cells increased to near control levels, but decreased again by 10 days. When MBP or vehicle-fed Tg mice were challenged for EAE at this point, disease was severe in the vehicle-fed mice and reduced in the MBP-fed mice over the 40-day observation period. In vitro studies revealed a biphasic pattern of MBP proliferative unresponsiveness and an induction of Th1 cytokines. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of Tg cells found in the intestinal lamina propria increased dramatically as the number of Tg cells in the periphery decreased. There was no apparent proliferation of Tg cells in the lamina propria, indicating that Tg cells trafficked there from the periphery. Taken together, these results suggest that T cell trafficking into the site of Ag deposition acts to protect the TCR-Tg mouse from EAE.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Guinea Pigs
- Immunophenotyping
- Intestinal Mucosa/cytology
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intubation, Gastrointestinal
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic/immunology
- Myelin Basic Protein/administration & dosage
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Meyer
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Karim S, Karim S, Begum A, Javed N. Combined effect of captopril and thiazide diuretic on serum lipid profile in hypertensive women. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2001; 13:19-21. [PMID: 11706633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension has long been recognized as the major risk factor for the development of coronary disease. It was found that the combination of thiazide diuretic and ACE inhibitor has favorable antihypertensive and metabolic effect i.e. the combination reduces the levels of lipid. METHODS 40 women aged between 35-60 years having systolic blood pressure equal to or greater then 160 mmHg were included in the study. Captopril in a dose of 25-75 mg plus thiazide 25-50 mg orally per day was given in divided doses. Before starting therapy and then after 4th and 10th week of therapy, 5 ml of fasting blood was drawn to analyze lipid profile like serum triglyceride, cholesterol and lipoprotein (HDL and LDL-Cholesterol). RESULTS Study observed a marked decrease of blood pressure after taking captopril with diuretics. Level of triglyceride and of HDL and LDL-cholesterol were also significantly changed (P < 0.01) as compared to their controls. CONCLUSION It was observed that captopril in combination of thiazide diuretics not only decrease blood pressure but also a beneficial effect on lipid profile. Hence further research is needed on large number of patients of both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karim
- Department of Pharmacology, Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore
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22
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the human central nervous system (CNS) which can be characterized clinically by a remitting-relapsing or a chronic progressive course. There is a striking similarity between the clinical and histopathological features of MS and the experimentally induced disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Induced by the injection of myelin basic protein (MBP) and adjuvants, EAE is characterized by clinical neurologic signs of paralysis and histopathologic changes consisting of perivascular mononuclear infiltration and demyelination. We have reported that the oral administration of MBP exerts a profoundly suppressive effect on EAE induced in the Lewis rat. This MBP-induced oral tolerance is characterized by an inhibition of EAE clinical neurologic signs, reduced CNS histopathologic changes, a profound decrease in the T-lymphocyte proliferative response specific for the fed antigen, and a decrease in serum antibody specific for MBP. In a chronic relapsing model of EAE in the B10.PL mouse, we have shown that the oral administration of MBP either prior to MBP challenge or on the first day of clinical signs results in a decreased number and severity of EAE relapses. The oral tolerance approach has also proven effective in the suppression of other organ-specific autoimmune diseases including collagen-induced arthritis, adjuvant arthritis, uveoretinitis, experimental myasthenia gravis, diabetes, and thyroiditis as well as graft rejection. Two primary mechanisms have been proposed to explain oral tolerance in EAE-active suppression following feeding of lower doses of antigen and clonal anergy or deletion following administration of higher doses. In vivo approaches in rats and transgenic mice have been used to further explore the mechanisms underlying oral tolerance. Administration of recombinant interleukin (IL)-2 was shown to reverse the tolerance induced by feeding low doses of MBP, but not the tolerance induced by feeding high doses of MBP, indicating that deletion had occurred in the high-dose group. Moreover, the oral administration of MBP to MBP-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice resulted in a profound decrease of the transgenic T cells in the blood, lymph node cells (LNC), mesenteric LNC, and spleen compartments. The proliferative response to MBP was also profoundly reduced in these organs, indicating that the cells had been deleted from these sites. The results achieved in animal models have led to clinical trials of oral tolerization in three human autoimmune diseases--MS, uveoretinitis, and rheumatoid arthritis--with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Whitacre
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus 43210, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gienapp
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus 43210, USA
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Abstract
In work performed by a number of laboratories, it has become quite clear that the oral administration of autoantigens exerts a profoundly suppressive effect on the development and long-term clinical course of autoimmune disease. Specific peptide sequences derived from the autoantigens are similarly suppressive. An interesting sidelight to emerge from specificity studies is that oral administration of a self-protein or peptide sequence (i.e., rat MBP peptide administered to a rat) is markedly less tolerogenic than oral administration of a non-self or even closely related sequence (guinea pig MBP peptide administered to a rat). The dose of oral antigen is now known to play a critical role in determination of the mechanism of oral tolerance, with low doses of antigen causing active suppression with concomitant release of TGFbeta1. Studies outlined here suggest that oral administration of higher antigen doses (e.g., 20 mg MBP to rats or mice) results in deletion of specific antigen-reactive T lymphocytes. This conclusion stems from the fact that injections of IL-2 could not reverse high-dose tolerance while reversing low-dose oral tolerance. Moreover, feeding MBP to MBP-TCR transgenic mice caused trafficking of transgenic cells to the intestine followed by a profound depletion of transgene-positive cells and reduction in proliferative function in all peripheral lymphoid organs. Oral tolerance has proven to be of therapeutic benefit in other animal models of autoimmune disease as well, including uveitis, collagen-induced arthritis, adjuvant arthritis, thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, and diabetes. Initial human trials in multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and uveitis show promising results.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Clonal Anergy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy
- Guinea Pigs
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myelin Basic Protein/administration & dosage
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Rats
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Recurrence
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Whitacre
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, 43210, USA
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Cooke HJ, Wang YZ, Reddix R, Javed N. Cholinergic and VIP-ergic pathways mediate histamine H2 receptor-induced cyclical secretion in the guinea pig colon. Am J Physiol 1995; 268:G465-70. [PMID: 7534994 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1995.268.3.g465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated neurally mediated recurrent increases in short-circuit current (Isc) suggestive of anion secretion in guinea pig distal colon. To determine the neural pathways involved, segments of distal colon from guinea pigs were mounted in flux chambers. In muscle-stripped or whole thickness preparations, serosal addition of the histamine H2 receptor agonist, dimaprit, caused cyclical increases in Isc, which were reduced by the chloride channel blocker, N-phenylanthranilic acid, but not by the sodium channel blocker amiloride. Dimaprit stimulated release of [3H]acetylcholine and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) from submucosal/mucosal sheets. Dimaprit caused recurrent increases in Isc, which were significantly decreased by mecamylamine, a nicotinic receptor antagonist, and nearly abolished by the muscarinic antagonist, atropine (M3 > M1 = M2). The muscarinic antagonist, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methyl-piperidine methiodide (4-DAMP, M3 > M1), was more potent than pirenzepine (M1 > M3) in reducing recurrent increases in Isc. Dimaprit- and electrically evoked secretion were inhibited by the VIP antagonists [4Cl-D-Phe6, Leu17]VIP and VIP hybrid. The results suggest the involvement of VIP-ergic and cholinergic neurons utilizing nicotinic and muscarinic synapses in mediating secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Cooke
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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Field LM, Javed N, Stribley MF, Devonshire AL. The peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae and the tobacco aphid Myzus nicotianae have the same esterase-based mechanisms of insecticide resistance. Insect Mol Biol 1994; 3:143-8. [PMID: 7894746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.1994.tb00161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical and molecular studies have established that in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae, insecticide resistance is conferred by amplification of genes encoding the insecticide-detoxifying esterases E4 or FE4. Here we report that two insecticide-resistant clones of the closely related tobacco aphid Myzus nicotianae have elevated esterases indistinguishable from E4 and FE4 and amplified esterase DNA sequences, and flanking regions, with identical restriction maps to the M. persicae genes. Furthermore, the DNA sequences of c. 630 bp fragments of the E4 and FE4 genes of M. persicae are different from each other but identical to the fragment from corresponding M. nicotianae clones. The existence of apparently identical insecticide resistance genes in the two species can be best explained by the selection of the amplified genes in M. persicae, transfer to hybrids of M. persicae and M. nicotianae by sexual reproduction and subsequent spread through M. nicotianae populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Field
- Institute of Arable Crops Research, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts
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27
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Walker TS, Triplett DA, Javed N, Musgrave K. Evaluation of lupus anticoagulants: antiphospholipid antibodies, endothelium associated immunoglobulin, endothelial prostacyclin secretion, and antigenic protein S levels. Thromb Res 1988; 51:267-81. [PMID: 2972088 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(88)90104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasma samples from nineteen patients with well characterized lupus anticoagulants (LA) were evaluated using a series of test systems. An ELISA was used to determine if the plasmas contained antiphospholipid antibodies (APA); fifteen of nineteen LA plasmas contained APA, with five exhibiting IgG only, two exhibiting IgM, and eight plasmas containing both IgG and IgM. Anti-phosphatidyl serine (PS) was the predominant IgG specificity and all IgM APA-containing plasmas reacted with phosphatidyl inositol (PI). An ELISA was developed to determine if LA plasmas contained immunoglobulin which would associate with cultured human umbilical cord vein-derived endothelial cells (HUV); ten of nineteen plasmas contained endothelium associated immunoglobulin (EAI). There was significant concordance between the occurrence of EAI and IgM anti-PI. The occurrence of EAI or APA, either singly or in combination, did not correlate with a past history of thrombosis. Patient plasmas were incubated with HUV and examined for effects on HUV prostacyclin (PGI2) secretion; six plasmas significantly stimulated PGI2 secretion and one plasma was inhibitory. Finally, plasma levels of free and total antigenic protein S were determined by EID. Five plasmas contained significantly reduced levels of free antigenic protein S, and total antigenic protein S was reduced in ten plasmas. Patient histories were examined for evidence of thrombotic episodes; six patients had a history of either arterial or venous thrombosis, with five of these six patients having drug-induced LA. Thus, unlike previous studies, drug-induced LA were associated with thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Walker
- Muncie Center for Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine
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