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Martínez-Hernández F, Gonzalez-Arenas NR, Cervantes JAO, Villalobos G, Olivo-Diaz A, Rendon-Franco E, Maravilla P, Valdovinos MR, Muñoz-Garcia CI. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in urban rodents from Southern Mexico City at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2024; 66:e8. [PMID: 38324874 PMCID: PMC10846537 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202466008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are some concerns about the situation and, in particular, about the future of the COVID-19 pandemic and the new emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. Rodents are an example of synanthropic animals in urban environments that harbor important zoonoses. Although the molecular identification of SARS-CoV-2 in Rattus norvegicus from New York City had been reported, in other studies, urban wild rodents infected with this virus have not been found. This study aimed to molecularly identify the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in urban wild rodents from Mexico City, trapped along a water channel of a public park as part of a pest control program, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during the fall and winter of 2020. Up to 33 Mus musculus and 52 R. norvegicus were captured and euthanized, large intestine samples with feces from the animals were obtained. RNAs were obtained and subjected to qRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 identification and threshold cycle (Ct) values were obtained. Four mice (12.1%) and three rats (5.8%) were positive, three rodents exhibited Ct<30. Our results on the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 in urban rats are in line with other previous reports. Thus, similar to other authors, we suggest that surveillance for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in urban wild rodents, as sentinel animals, should be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Antonio Ocampo Cervantes
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas y Acuícolas de Cuemanco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guiehdani Villalobos
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Emilio Rendon-Franco
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mirza Romero Valdovinos
- Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Laboratorio de Patógenos Emergentes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia Irais Muñoz-Garcia
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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2
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Medellin-Lacedelli S, Castro-Martinez E, Martinez-Hernandez F, Romero-Valdovinos M, Suarez-Roa L, Maravilla P, Prado-Calleros H, Flisser A, Sierra-Martinez O. An Overview on Research in a University Hospital, Using a Payback Framework Categorization Approach. Qual Manag Health Care 2024; 33:29-38. [PMID: 37363811 PMCID: PMC10782936 DOI: 10.1097/qmh.0000000000000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Little information is available on how to assess the impact of research studies conducted in government hospitals in Latin America and specifically in Mexico. We aimed to determine the returns on investment of the research projects that were carried out in the Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez" (HGMGG), a general university hospital located in Mexico City, using a categorization model. METHODS We conducted a study including bibliometric analyses of publications associated with all research studies performed during the period 2016-2019 in the HGMGG and investigator interviews, according to the payback framework categorization model. RESULTS All studies analyzed had a positive impact based on outcomes in 5 "payback categories": (1) knowledge; (2) research targeting, capacity building, and absorption; (3) policy and product development; (4) health benefits; and (5) broader economic benefits. CONCLUSIONS To date, it has not been possible to establish a set of indicators that show the results of the investigations carried out by medical specialists in training, who carry out the bulk of medical care in general hospitals and in the National Institutes of Health in Mexico. We identified, in the 5 categories of the payback framework model, different areas of opportunity to improve the benefits of the hospital's medical services through the development of scientific research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Medellin-Lacedelli
- Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez,” Mexico City, Mexico (Drs Medellin-Lacedelli, Castro-Martinez, Martinez-Hernandez, Romero-Valdovinos, Suarez-Roa, Maravilla, Prado-Calleros, and Sierra-Martinez); and Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (Dr Flisser)
| | - Elvira Castro-Martinez
- Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez,” Mexico City, Mexico (Drs Medellin-Lacedelli, Castro-Martinez, Martinez-Hernandez, Romero-Valdovinos, Suarez-Roa, Maravilla, Prado-Calleros, and Sierra-Martinez); and Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (Dr Flisser)
| | - Fernando Martinez-Hernandez
- Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez,” Mexico City, Mexico (Drs Medellin-Lacedelli, Castro-Martinez, Martinez-Hernandez, Romero-Valdovinos, Suarez-Roa, Maravilla, Prado-Calleros, and Sierra-Martinez); and Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (Dr Flisser)
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez,” Mexico City, Mexico (Drs Medellin-Lacedelli, Castro-Martinez, Martinez-Hernandez, Romero-Valdovinos, Suarez-Roa, Maravilla, Prado-Calleros, and Sierra-Martinez); and Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (Dr Flisser)
| | - Lourdes Suarez-Roa
- Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez,” Mexico City, Mexico (Drs Medellin-Lacedelli, Castro-Martinez, Martinez-Hernandez, Romero-Valdovinos, Suarez-Roa, Maravilla, Prado-Calleros, and Sierra-Martinez); and Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (Dr Flisser)
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez,” Mexico City, Mexico (Drs Medellin-Lacedelli, Castro-Martinez, Martinez-Hernandez, Romero-Valdovinos, Suarez-Roa, Maravilla, Prado-Calleros, and Sierra-Martinez); and Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (Dr Flisser)
| | - Hector Prado-Calleros
- Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez,” Mexico City, Mexico (Drs Medellin-Lacedelli, Castro-Martinez, Martinez-Hernandez, Romero-Valdovinos, Suarez-Roa, Maravilla, Prado-Calleros, and Sierra-Martinez); and Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (Dr Flisser)
| | - Ana Flisser
- Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez,” Mexico City, Mexico (Drs Medellin-Lacedelli, Castro-Martinez, Martinez-Hernandez, Romero-Valdovinos, Suarez-Roa, Maravilla, Prado-Calleros, and Sierra-Martinez); and Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (Dr Flisser)
| | - Octavio Sierra-Martinez
- Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez,” Mexico City, Mexico (Drs Medellin-Lacedelli, Castro-Martinez, Martinez-Hernandez, Romero-Valdovinos, Suarez-Roa, Maravilla, Prado-Calleros, and Sierra-Martinez); and Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (Dr Flisser)
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3
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Fernández-Rojas MA, Ávila G, Romero-Valdovinos M, Plett-Torres T, Salazar AM, Sordo M, Chávez-Vargas M, Coeto Ángeles CJ, Cruz-Rivera M, Santiago-Olivares C, Ramírez Hinojosa JP, Maravilla P, Flisser A, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Mendlovic F. Elevated Levels of Cytotoxicity, Cytokines, and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Mild Cases of COVID-19. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:550-561. [PMID: 37603294 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Current evidence shows higher production of cytokines and antibodies against severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in severe and critical cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in comparison with patients with moderate or mild disease. A recent hypothesis proposes an important role of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the induction of the cytokine storm observed in some patients at later stages of the disease. Interestingly, in this study, we report significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-4 cytokines in mild COVID-19 patients versus severe cases, as well as a high frequency of karyorrhexis (median [Me] = 364 vs. 20 cells) and karyolysis (Me = 266 vs. 52 cells) in the mucosal epithelial cells of both groups of patients compared with uninfected individuals. Although we observed higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in COVID-19 patients, IgM antibodies were significantly higher only in mild cases, for the N and the S viral antigens. High levels of IgG antibodies were observed in both mild and severe cases. Our results showed elevated concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mild cases, which may reflect an active innate immune response and could be related to the higher IgM and IgG antibody levels found in those patients. In addition, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces cytotoxic damage in the oral mucosa, highlighting the importance of studying the genotoxic and cytotoxic events induced by infection and its role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Fernández-Rojas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Ávila
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tanya Plett-Torres
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Sordo
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Chávez-Vargas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cesar Josué Coeto Ángeles
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Cruz-Rivera
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Santiago-Olivares
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Ramírez Hinojosa
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Flisser
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fela Mendlovic
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico State, Mexico
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Martinez-Hernandez F, Sanchez-Aguillon F, Martinez-Ocaña J, Gonzalez-Arenas NR, Romero-Valdovinos M, Lopez-Escamilla E, Maravilla P, Villalobos G. Genetic Variability of the Internal Transcribed Spacer and Pyruvate:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase Partial Gene of Trichomonas vaginalis from Female Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2240. [PMID: 37764084 PMCID: PMC10537638 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the genetic variability of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pfor) A gene of Trichomonas vaginalis from female patients and its possible implications in the host-parasite relationship. Phylogenetic and genetics of populations analyses were performed by analyzing sequences of the ITS region and partial pfor A gene of clinical samples with T. vaginalis, as previously documented. Alignments of protein sequences and prediction of three-dimensional structure were also performed. Although no correlation between the main clinical characteristics of the samples and the results of phylogeny was found, a median-joining analysis of ITS haplotypes showed two main clusters. Also, pfor A, due to its phylogenetic divergence, could be used as a marker to confirm the genus and species of trichomonads. Alignment of protein sequences and prediction of three-dimensional structure showed that PFOR A had a highly conserved structure with two synonymous mutations in the PFOR domain, substituting a V for a G or a S for a P. Our results suggest that the role of genetic variability of PFOR and ITS may not be significant in the symptomatology of this pathogen; however, their utility as genus and species markers in trichomonads is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Martinez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.M.-H.); (J.M.-O.); (N.R.G.-A.); (E.L.-E.)
| | - Fabiola Sanchez-Aguillon
- Laboratorio de Investigación del Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Joel Martinez-Ocaña
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.M.-H.); (J.M.-O.); (N.R.G.-A.); (E.L.-E.)
| | - Nelly Raquel Gonzalez-Arenas
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.M.-H.); (J.M.-O.); (N.R.G.-A.); (E.L.-E.)
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Laboratorio de Patogenos Emergentes, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Lopez-Escamilla
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.M.-H.); (J.M.-O.); (N.R.G.-A.); (E.L.-E.)
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.M.-H.); (J.M.-O.); (N.R.G.-A.); (E.L.-E.)
| | - Guiehdani Villalobos
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.M.-H.); (J.M.-O.); (N.R.G.-A.); (E.L.-E.)
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular del Departamento de Produccion Agricola y Animal, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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5
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Sanchez-Aguillon F, Alarcon-Valdes P, Rojano-Rodriguez M, Ibarra-Arce A, Olivo-Diaz A, Santillan-Benitez JG, Martinez-Hernandez F, Maravilla P, Romero-Valdovinos M. Presence of human adenovirus 36 in visceral fat tissue, viral load, and analysis of its genetic variability. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29015. [PMID: 37539979 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that infection by adipogenic viruses constitutes a "low risk" factor for obesity. Here, we report the presence of adenovirus 36 (Ad36) and its viral load copy number in fat tissue of participants with obesity and normal weight; phylogenetic analysis was performed to describe their relationship and genetic variability among viral haplotypes. Adipose tissue obtained from 105 adult patients with obesity (cases) and 26 normal-weight adult participants as controls were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) amplifying the partial Ad36 E1a gene. The amplicons were examined by melting curves and submitted to sequencing. Then, genetic diversity and phylogenetic inferences were performed. Ad36 was identified at rates of 82% and 46% in the case and control groups, respectively (p = 1.1 × 10-4 , odds ratio = 5.28); viral load copies were also significantly different between both groups, being 25% higher in the case group. Melting curve analysis showed clear amplification among positive samples. Phylogenetic inferences and genetic diversity analyses showed that the Ad36 E1a gene exhibits low genetic variability and differentiation with strong gene flow due to an expanding process. Our results suggest that the phenomenon of infectobesity by Ad36 might not be a low-risk factor, as has been previously argued by other authors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Mexico City, Mexico
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6
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Hidalgo-Gonzalez LA, Salgado-Lopez J, Pineda-Rodriguez SA, Martinez A, Romero-Valdovinos M, Martinez-Hernandez F, Rendon-Franco E, Olivo-Diaz A, Maravilla P, Rodriguez-Bataz E. Identification of Blastocystis sp. in school children from a rural Mexican village: subtypes and risk factors analysis. Parasitol Res 2023:10.1007/s00436-023-07872-w. [PMID: 37191687 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07872-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a common eukaryotic microorganism that colonizes the intestinal tract of several animals, including humans, although its role as a pathogen is still unclear. In the present study, we report the prevalence and risk factors associated with Blastocystis infection in scholars from a rural community in Mexico. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on schoolchildren aged 3 to 15 years old; fecal samples were analyzed by culture, Faust technique, and molecular analysis. In addition, a structured questionnaire was applied to identify possible risk factors. Of the 177 samples obtained, Blastocystis sp. was the microorganism that presented the highest frequency (n=78, 44%), and included the following subtypes (STs): ST1 (n=43, 56.5%), ST2 (n=18, 23.6%), and ST3 (n=15, 19.7%); Blastocystis STs were not identified in two cases. No associating factors were found between Blastocystis infection or among STs vs. symptoms. During bivariate analysis, no statistically significant risk factors were found, except for the variable of "eating sweets, snacks, and handmade food on the way home" (p=0.04). Therefore, it is plausible to conclude that schoolchildren become infected with Blastocystis sp. mainly outside their homes, perhaps by eating contaminated handmade food on their way to or from school; however, this variable should be evaluated in detail in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leydi Anahi Hidalgo-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Parasitologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, El Centenario, 39086, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Jeanille Salgado-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Parasitologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, El Centenario, 39086, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Sandra Alheli Pineda-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Parasitologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, El Centenario, 39086, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Arony Martinez
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Emilio Rendon-Franco
- Departamento de Produccion Agricola y Animal, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Elvia Rodriguez-Bataz
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Parasitologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, El Centenario, 39086, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
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7
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Villalobos G, Sanchez-Aguillon F, Carmona-Maldonado MV, Gonzalez-Arenas NR, Lopez-Escamilla E, Hernandez-Castro R, Romero-Valdovinos M, Martinez-Flores WA, Ramirez-Hinojosa JP, Maravilla P, Martinez-Hernandez F. Unexpected Presence of Blastocystis Subtype 1-3 DNA in Human Vaginal and Sperm Samples Coinfected with Trichomonas vaginalis. Korean J Parasitol 2022; 60:195-200. [PMID: 35772738 PMCID: PMC9256282 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There have been few reports on extra-enteric infections by <i>Blastocystis</i> STs and none have been molecularly identified in samples from human reproductive organs. We report for the first time the identification of 3 different subtypes of <i>Blastocystis</i> (ST1-3) in vaginal and sperm samples, from patients infected with <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>. <i>Blastocystis</i> STs were identified by PCR-sequencing and by phylogenetic inferences using 28 vaginal swab samples and 7 sperm samples from patients trichomoniasis. <i>Blastocystis</i> STs were identified in 6 of 28 vaginal swabs (21.4%) and in 3 of 7 sperm samples (42.8%). In both biological samples, STs 1-3 were found; one vaginal sample showed subtype co-infection with ST1 and ST3. High genetic variation was observed in the sequences obtained and no specific clustering in the phylogenetic trees was detected. Most of the haplotypes identified were placed far from the main dispersal centers. Our finding suggested that incorrect cleaning of the genital area or a contamination by combination of anal and vaginal intercourse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez”, Mexico City 14080,
Mexico
- Corresponding authors (; )
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8
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Martínez-Ocaña J, Martínez-Flores WA, Olivo-Díaz A, Romero-Valdovinos M, Martínez-Hernández F, Aguilar-Osorio G, Flisser A, Maravilla P. Identification of α-L-fucosidase (ALFuc) of Blastocystis sp. subtypes ST1, ST2 and ST3. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e40. [PMID: 35703609 PMCID: PMC9190516 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal microorganism. The α-L-fucosidase (ALFuc) is an enzyme long associated with the colonization of the gut microbiota. However, this enzyme has not been experimentally identified in Blastocystis cultures. The objective of the present study was to identify ALFuc in supernatants of axenic cultures of Blastocystis subtype (ST)1 ATCC-50177 and ATCC-50610 and to compare predicted ALFuc proteins of alfuc genes in sequenced STs1–3 isolates in human Blastocystis carriers. Excretion/secretion (Es/p) and cell lysate proteins were obtained by processing Blastocystis ATCC cultures and submitting them to SDS–PAGE and immunoblotting. In addition, 18 fecal samples from symptomatic Blastocystis human carriers were analyzed by sequencing of amplification products for subtyping. A complete identification of the alfuc gene and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Immunoblotting showed that the amplified band corresponding to ALFuc (~51 kDa) was recognized only in the ES/p. Furthermore, prediction analysis of ALFuc 3D structures revealed that the domain α-L-fucosidase and the GH29 family's catalytic sites were conserved; interestingly, the galactose-binding domain was recognized only in ST1 and ST2. The phylogenetic inferences of ALFuc showed that STs1–3 were clearly identifiable and grouped into specific clusters. Our results show, for the first time through experimental data that ALFuc is a secretion product of Blastocystis sp., which could have a relevant role during intestinal colonization; however, further studies are required to clarify this condition. Furthermore, the alfuc gene is a promising candidate for a phylogenetic marker, as it shows a conserved classification with the SSU-rDNA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Martínez-Ocaña
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Angélica Olivo-Díaz
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fernando Martínez-Hernández
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Ana Flisser
- Universidad Autonoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Ciudad de México, México
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9
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Alarcon-Valdes P, Sanchez-Aguillon F, Martinez-Hernandez F, Olivo-Diaz A, Maravilla P, Santillan-Benitez JG, Romero-Valdovinos M. Long-term infection passaging of Human Adenovirus 36 in monkey kidney cells. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e68. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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10
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Ramirez-Hinojosa JP, Rodriguez-Sanchez Y, Romero-Gonzalez AK, Chavez-Gutierrez M, Gonzalez-Arenas NR, Ibarra-Arce A, Arroyo-Escalante S, Zavaleta-Villa B, Leon-Juarez M, Cruz-Holguin VJ, Espinosa de Los Monteros-Perez LE, Olivo-Diaz A, Hernandez-Castro R, Suarez-Roa L, Prado-Calleros H, Sierra-Martinez O, Avila-Ramirez G, Flisser A, Maravilla P, Romero-Valdovinos M. Association between cycle threshold (C t ) values and clinical and laboratory data in inpatients with COVID-19 and asymptomatic health workers. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5969-5976. [PMID: 34196423 PMCID: PMC8427125 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In‐house assays for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), are feasible alternatives, particularly in developing countries. Cycle threshold (Ct) values obtained by qRT‐PCR were compared with clinical and laboratory data from saliva of inpatients with COVID‐19 and asymptomatic health workers (AHW) were studied. Saliva specimens from 58 inpatients confirmed by qRT‐PCR for SARS‐CoV‐2 using nasopharyngeal specimens, and 105 AHW were studied by qRT‐PCR using three sets of primers for the N (N1, N2, and N3) gene of SARS‐CoV‐2, according to the CDC Diagnostic Panel protocol, showing a positivity of 88% for inpatients and 8% for AHW. Bivariate analysis revealed an association between Ct < 38.0 values for N2 and mechanical ventilation assistance among patients (p = .013). In addition, values of aspartate‐transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin showed significant correlations with Ct values of N1 and N3 genes in inpatients. Therefore, our results show that Ct values correlate with some relevant clinical data for inpatients with COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aurora Ibarra-Arce
- División de Parasitología, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Arroyo-Escalante
- División de Parasitología, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Zavaleta-Villa
- División de Parasitología, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moises Leon-Juarez
- Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Angelica Olivo-Diaz
- División de Parasitología, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lourdes Suarez-Roa
- División de Parasitología, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hector Prado-Calleros
- División de Parasitología, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Guillermina Avila-Ramirez
- Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Flisser
- Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- División de Parasitología, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Escutia-Guzman Y, Martinez-Flores WA, Martinez-Ocaña J, Martinez-Pimentel R, Benitez-Ramirez M, Martinez-Hernandez F, Arroyo-Escalante S, Romero-Valdovinos M, Orozco-Mosqueda GE, Maravilla P. An Unusual Case of Extra-Enteric Blastocystosis in the Uterine Cervix. Korean J Parasitol 2020; 58:571-576. [PMID: 33202510 PMCID: PMC7672234 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Extra-enteric infections by Blastocystis spp. have rarely been documented. Here, we report a case of extra-enteric blastocystosis in a patient with minimal cervicitis symptoms. A 47-year-old Hispanic female patient was attended in a primary health centre in Michoacan state, Mexico, for her routine gynaecological medical examination. As only symptom, she referred to a slight vaginal itching. The presence of several vacuolar-stages of Blastocystis spp. were identified by Papanicolaou staining; molecular identification was attempted by culture-PCR sequencing of a region of 18S gene from cervical and faecal samples obtained 2 months after cytological examination, even when patient declared that she tried self-medicating with vaginal ovules. Blastocystis ST1 was identified only in the faecal sample. The presence of Blastocystis spp. in the cervix of a patient with scarce symptomatology, demonstrates the extraordinary flexibility of this microorganism to adapt to new environments and niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Escutia-Guzman
- Coordinacion de Cancer Cervicouterino, Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Publica, Morelia 58270, Michoacan, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Marisol Benitez-Ramirez
- Coordinacion de Cancer Cervicouterino, Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Publica, Morelia 58270, Michoacan, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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12
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Martínez-Ocaña J, Maravilla P, Olivo-Díaz A. Interaction between human mucins and parasite glycoproteins: the role of lectins and glycosidases in colonization by intestinal protozoa. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2020; 62:e64. [PMID: 32901761 PMCID: PMC7477959 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucins are the first line of defense against microorganisms. Although knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the establishment of intestinal protozoa is limited, there is evidence that these parasites produce lectin-like molecules and glycosidases, that exert both, constitutive and secretory functions, promoting the establishment of these microorganisms. In the present review, we analyse the main interactions between mucins of the host intestine and the four main protozoan parasites in humans and their implications in intestinal colonization. There are lectin-like molecules that contain complex oligosaccharide structures and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), mannose and sialic acid as main components, which are excreted/secreted by Giardia intestinalis, and recognized by the host using mannose-binding lectins (MBL). Entamoeba histolytica and Cryptosporidium spp. express the lectin galactose/N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, which facilitates their adhesion to cells. In Cryptosporidium, the glycoproteins gp30, gp40/15 and gp900 and the glycoprotein lectin CpClec are involved in protozoan adhesion to intestinal cells, forming an adhesion-attack complex. G. intestinalis and E. histolytica can also produce glycosidases such as β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, α-d-glucosidase, β-d-galactosidase, β-l-fucosidase, α-N-acetyl-d-galactosaminidase and β-mannosidase. In Blastocystis, α-D-mannose, α-D-glucose, GlcNAc, α-D-fucose, chitin and sialic acid that have been identified on their surface. Fucosidases, hexosaminidases and polygalacturonases, which may be involved in the mucin degradation process, have also been described in the Blastocystis secretoma. Similarly, symbiotic coexistence with the intestinal microbiota promotes the survival of parasites facilitating cell invasion and nutrients obtention. Furthermore, it is necessary to identify and characterize more glycosidases, which have been only partially described by in silico analyses of the parasite genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Martínez-Ocaña
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Subdirección de Investigación, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Angélica Olivo-Díaz
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Martinez-Hernandez F, Prado-Calleros HM, Ramirez-Hinojosa JP, Figueroa-Angel V, Lopez-Reynoso MT, Jimenez-Andrade MDC, Estrada-Moscoso I, Rivas N, Escobedo-Ortegon J, Flisser A, Romero-Valdovinos MG, Maravilla P. An Unexpected Case of Lagochilascariasis: Interdisciplinary Management and Use of 12S and 18S rDNA Analysis. Am J Med Sci 2020; 359:235-241. [PMID: 31959368 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Mexican 24-year-old male patient was referred to our hospital due to increased left retroauricular volume with skin fistulisation, resembling an infection by the uncommon worm Lagochilascaris minor. The patient was submitted to lateral skull base surgery. No adult worms or eggs were observed during light and scanning electron microscopy analysis, as well as by histopathologic examination of the small piece of removed tissue, only L3 stage larvae of Lagochilascaris spp. were identified. Polymerase chain reaction-sequencing assays were performed using primers for the mitochondrial 12S and the nuclear 18S rDNA gene. DNA of some L minor adults, previously identified, were used as control. The molecular analysis identified the worm as L minor. According to previous reports, lagochilascariasis is a complicated infection that requires an interdisciplinary management by different clinical specialists. This is the first time that 12S and 18S rDNA genes are reported as molecular markers for diagnosis of L minor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nancy Rivas
- Laboratorio de Entomologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Escobedo-Ortegon
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi" Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Ana Flisser
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Mexico City, Mexico.
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14
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Martinez-Hernandez F, Martinez-Ibarra JA, Lopez-Escamilla E, Villanueva-Garcia C, Muñoz-Garcia CI, Rendon-Franco E, Maravilla P, Villalobos G. Molecular genotyping of Blastocystis spp. in wild mammals from Mexico. Parasitol Res 2019; 119:97-104. [PMID: 31735993 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis spp. are common intestinal parasites found worldwide in humans and a wide range of animals. They exhibit extensive genetic diversity; currently, 17 subtypes (STs) and some groups called non-mammalian and avian STs (NMASTs) have been proposed. In addition, a large variety of animals have been reported as hosts of the parasite, and new hosts and STs are still being described. In this study, Blastocystis infection of wild animals in two sylvatic areas of Mexico was surveyed. Of one hundred twenty-four fecal samples, six were positive for Blastocystis: specifically, one sample from an opossum, one sample from a bat, and four samples from different species of rodents. ST4, ST17, and nucleotide sequences similar to Blastocystis lapemi were identified based on SSU rDNA sequences. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate species poorly or not previously evaluated for Blastocystis infection. Mammals having different niches and geographical distribution were infected with similar genetic type of Blastocystis, so that we suggest that local water or food sources could play an important role in Blastocystis transmission and ST maintenance in wild animals. Additionally, there are STs with scarce genetic variation, suggesting that they could be highly adapted to their hosts. These data contribute to our understanding of the host range and genetic diversity of Blastocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Martinez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose Alejandro Martinez-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, C.P. 49000, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Lopez-Escamilla
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Villanueva-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Cambio Global, Centro de Investigación para la Conservación y Aprovechamiento de Recursos Tropicales, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, C.P. 86150, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Claudia Irais Muñoz-Garcia
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, C.P. 04960, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emilio Rendon-Franco
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, C.P. 04960, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Guiehdani Villalobos
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Laurimäe T, Kinkar L, Romig T, Umhang G, Casulli A, Omer RA, Sharbatkhori M, Mirhendi H, Ponce-Gordo F, Lazzarini LE, Soriano SV, Varcasia A, Rostami-Nejad M, Andresiuk V, Maravilla P, González LM, Dybicz M, Gawor J, Šarkūnas M, Šnábel V, Kuzmina T, Kia EB, Saarma U. Analysis of nad2 and nad5 enables reliable identification of genotypes G6 and G7 within the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 74:103941. [PMID: 31247339 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The larval stages of tapeworms in the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato cause a zoonotic disease known as cystic echinococcosis (CE). Within this species complex, genotypes G6 and G7 are among the most common genotypes associated with human CE cases worldwide. However, our understanding of ecology, biology and epidemiology of G6 and G7 is still limited. An essential first step towards this goal is correct genotype identification, but distinguishing genotypes G6 and G7 has been challenging. A recent analysis based on complete mitogenome data revealed that the conventional sequencing of the cox1 (366 bp) gene fragment mistakenly classified a subset of G7 samples as G6. On the other hand, sequencing complete mitogenomes is not practical if only genotype or haplogroup identification is needed. Therefore, a simpler and less costly method is required to distinguish genotypes G6 and G7. We compared 93 complete mitogenomes of G6 and G7 from a wide geographical range and demonstrate that a combination of nad2 (714 bp) and nad5 (680 bp) gene fragments would be the best option to distinguish G6 and G7. Moreover, this method allows assignment of G7 samples into haplogroups G7a and G7b. However, due to very high genetic variability of G6 and G7, we suggest to construct a phylogenetic network based on the nad2 and nad5 sequences in order to be absolutely sure in genotype assignment. For this we provide a reference dataset of 93 concatenated nad2 and nad5 sequences (1394 bp in total) containing representatives of G6 and G7 (and haplogroups G7a and G7b), which can be used for the reconstruction of phylogenetic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teivi Laurimäe
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Kinkar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thomas Romig
- Institute of Zoology, Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gérald Umhang
- Anses, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Adriano Casulli
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis (in humans and animals), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rihab A Omer
- National University Research Institute, National University Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mitra Sharbatkhori
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Francisco Ponce-Gordo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena E Lazzarini
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, Buenos Aires, 1400, 8300, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Silvia V Soriano
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, Buenos Aires, 1400, 8300, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Ospedale Didattico Veterinario Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vanesa Andresiuk
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, FCEyN, UNMdP, Funes 3350, CP: 7600 Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, DF 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis Miguel González
- Parasitology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Monika Dybicz
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, 5 Chałubińskiego Str., 02-004 Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Gawor
- W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Science, Twarda51/55, Warsaw 00-818, Poland
| | - Mindaugas Šarkūnas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžes Street 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Viliam Šnábel
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tetiana Kuzmina
- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Eshrat Beigom Kia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia.
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Martínez-Hernández F, Vega-Memije ME, Villalobos G, Perez-Rojas D, Asz-Sigall D, Rivas N, Alejandre R, Maravilla P, Valdovinos MR. Myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis in Mexico: morphological and molecular identification using the cytochrome oxidase I gene. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2019; 61:e45. [PMID: 31531623 PMCID: PMC6746196 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201961045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis , the human botfly, is frequent in the Americas, however, scarce morphological and molecular information exist regarding this dipteran. We describe three cases in urban areas of Mexico were D. hominis is not endemic. Morphological and genetic identification were performed using the cytochrome oxidase I as a molecular marker. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene is useful for inferring the genetic divergence of D. hominis .
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Alarcon-Valdes P, Villalobos G, Martinez-Flores WA, Lopez-Escamilla E, Gonzalez-Arenas NR, Romero-Valdovinos M, Martinez-Hernandez F, Santillan-Benitez JG, Maravilla P. Can the pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) gene be used as an additional marker to discriminate among Blastocystis strains or subtypes? Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:564. [PMID: 30373630 PMCID: PMC6205798 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blastocystis spp. are the most prevalent intestinal eukaryotes identified in humans, with at least 17 genetic subtypes (ST) based on genes coding for the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (18S). It has been argued that the 18S gene should not be the marker of choice to discriminate between STs of these strains because this marker exhibits high intra-genomic polymorphism. By contrast, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) is a relevant enzyme involved in the core energy metabolism of many anaerobic microorganisms such as Blastocystis, which, in other protozoa, shows more polymorphisms than the 18S gene and thus may offer finer discrimination when trying to identify Blastocystis ST. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the suitability of the PFOR gene as an additional marker to discriminate among Blastocystis strains or subtypes from symptomatic carrier children. METHODS Faecal samples from 192 children with gastrointestinal symptoms from the State of Mexico were submitted for coprological study. Twenty-one of these samples were positive only for Blastocystis spp.; these samples were analysed by PCR sequencing of regions of the 18S and PFOR genes. The amplicons were purified and sequenced; afterwards, both markers were assessed for genetic diversity. RESULTS The 18S analysis showed the following frequencies of Blastocystis subtypes: ST3 = 43%; ST1 = 38%; ST2 = 14%; and ST7 = 5%. Additionally, using subtype-specific primer sets, two samples showed mixed Blastocystis ST1 and ST2 infection. For PFOR, Bayesian inference revealed the presence of three clades (I-III); two of them grouped different ST samples, and one grouped six samples of ST3 (III). Nucleotide diversity (π) and haplotype polymorphism (θ) for the 18S analysis were similar for ST1 and ST2 (π = ~0.025 and θ = ~0.036); remarkably, ST3 showed almost 10-fold lower values. For PFOR, a similar trend was found: clade I and II had π = ~0.05 and θ = ~0.05, whereas for clade III, the values were almost 6-fold lower. CONCLUSIONS Although the fragment of the PFOR gene analysed in the present study did not allow discrimination between Blastocystis STs, this marker grouped the samples in three clades with strengthened support, suggesting that PFOR may be under different selective pressures and evolutionary histories than the 18S gene. Interestingly, the ST3 sequences showed lower variability with probable purifying selection in both markers, meaning that evolutionary forces drive differential processes among Blastocystis STs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Alarcon-Valdes
- Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico (UAEMex), Paseo Colon esq. Paseo Tollocan, Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Guiehdani Villalobos
- Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Lopez-Escamilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Ciudad de Mexico, 14080, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Nelly Raquel Gonzalez-Arenas
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Ciudad de Mexico, 14080, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Ciudad de Mexico, 14080, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fernando Martinez-Hernandez
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Ciudad de Mexico, 14080, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | | | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Ciudad de Mexico, 14080, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
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18
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Toussaint-Caire S, Woroszylski-Yoselevitz A, Vega-Memije ME, Villalobos G, Rivas N, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Romero-Valdovinos M, Maravilla P, Martinez-Hernandez F. Imported and Autochthonous Cases of Myiasis Caused by Dermatobia hominis: Taxonomic Identification Using the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:940-944. [PMID: 30062994 PMCID: PMC6159586 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatobia hominis is a fly endemic to and widely distributed throughout the Americas; it is found from the southern regions of Mexico to Argentina. However, because of widespread travel, myiasis has become common in countries where neither the disease nor the species that cause this infection are endemic. Central Mexico, for instance, is not a region where myiasis is endemic. We, thus, describe three cases of D. hominis myiasis: two autochthonous cases from the southern part of Mexico and one imported from Costa Rica. In addition, morphological and genetic identification was performed on the maggots extracted from the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Toussaint-Caire
- Departamento de Dermatopatologia, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Maria Elisa Vega-Memije
- Departamento de Dermatopatologia, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Guiehdani Villalobos
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Nancy Rivas
- Laboratorio de Entomologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Entomologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fernando Martinez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Laurimäe T, Kinkar L, Romig T, Omer RA, Casulli A, Umhang G, Gasser RB, Jabbar A, Sharbatkhori M, Mirhendi H, Ponce-Gordo F, Lazzarini LE, Soriano SV, Varcasia A, Rostami Nejad M, Andresiuk V, Maravilla P, González LM, Dybicz M, Gawor J, Šarkūnas M, Šnábel V, Kuzmina T, Saarma U. The benefits of analysing complete mitochondrial genomes: Deep insights into the phylogeny and population structure of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes G6 and G7. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 64:85-94. [PMID: 29906638 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Within this complex, genotypes G6 and G7 have been frequently associated with human CE worldwide. Previous studies exploring the genetic variability and phylogeography of genotypes G6 and G7 have been based on relatively short mtDNA sequences, and the resolution of these studies has often been low. Moreover, using short sequences, the distinction between G6 and G7 has in some cases remained challenging. The aim here was to sequence complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) to obtain deeper insight into the genetic diversity, phylogeny and population structure of genotypes G6 and G7. We sequenced complete mitogenomes of 94 samples collected from 15 different countries worldwide. The results demonstrated that (i) genotypes G6 and G7 can be clearly distinguished when mitogenome sequences are used; (ii) G7 is represented by two major haplogroups, G7a and G7b, the latter being specific to islands of Corsica and Sardinia; (iii) intensive animal trade, but also geographical isolation, have likely had the largest impact on shaping the genetic structure and distribution of genotypes G6 and G7. In addition, we found phylogenetically highly divergent haplotype from Mongolia (Gmon), which had a higher affinity to G6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teivi Laurimäe
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Kinkar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thomas Romig
- Institute of Zoology, Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rihab A Omer
- National University Research Institute, National University Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Adriano Casulli
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis (in humans and animals), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gérald Umhang
- Anses, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mitra Sharbatkhori
- Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Francisco Ponce-Gordo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena E Lazzarini
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, Buenos Aires, 1400, 8300 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Silvia V Soriano
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, Buenos Aires, 1400, 8300 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Ospedale Didattico Veterinario Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mohammad Rostami Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vanessa Andresiuk
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, FCEyN, UNMdP, Funes 3350, CP: 7600, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, DF 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis Miguel González
- Parasitology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Monika Dybicz
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, 5 Chałubińskiego Str., 02-004 Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Gawor
- W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Science, Twarda51/55, Warsaw 00-818, Poland
| | - Mindaugas Šarkūnas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžes Street 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Viliam Šnábel
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tetiana Kuzmina
- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia.
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Rangel-Gamboa L, Martinez-Hernandez F, Maravilla P, Flisser A. A population genetics analysis in clinical isolates of Sporothrix schenckii
based on calmodulin and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase partial gene sequences. Mycoses 2018; 61:383-392. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rangel-Gamboa
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos; Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”; Ciudad de México México
| | - Fernando Martinez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos; Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”; Ciudad de México México
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos; Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”; Ciudad de México México
| | - Ana Flisser
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México México
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21
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Martínez-Flores WA, Palma-García JM, Caballero-Ortega H, Del Viento-Camacho A, López-Escamilla E, Martínez-Hernández F, Vinuesa P, Correa D, Maravilla P. Genotyping Toxoplasma gondii with the B1 Gene in Naturally Infected Sheep from an Endemic Region in the Pacific Coast of Mexico. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:495-502. [PMID: 28530509 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite with a broad ecological valence, which has been detected in a wide range of hosts and landscapes. Although the genus is considered monospecific, in recent years it has been demonstrated to exhibit more genetic variability than previously known. In Mexico, there are few genotyping studies, which suggest that classical, autochthonous, and atypical strains are circulating. The goal of this study was to describe T. gondii genetic diversity in naturally infected sheep from Colima, Mexico. This is a good site to study ecological aspects of this parasite since it is located between the Nearctic and Neotropical ecozones and it includes domestic and wild risks for transmission. We analyzed 305 tissue samples of semicaptive sheep from six coastal and central zones of Colima and border zones of Michoacán. We used an 803 bp amplicon of the B1 gene to genotype T. gondii and seroprevalence was determined by ELISA. Indexes for genetic diversity and genetic differentiation were calculated and compared with reference strains from North America (NA) and South America (SA). Twenty-three tissue samples were positive for the B1 gene by PCR, which were sequenced. Crude prevalence was 24.4%. The genetic analysis showed 16 variable sites along the 803 bp region that grouped all sequences into 13 haplotypes in the phylogenetic tree. Bayesian and haplotype network analysis showed nine new B1-types, of which three were frequent and six had unique alleles. Comparisons among sequence sets revealed that the Mexican population had lower differentiation than SA and an intermediate genetic variability between South America and North America. The B1 gene analysis showed new T. gondii haplotypes in naturally infected sheep; therefore, this marker could be initially used in molecular screening studies to identify potentially virulent genotypes of this parasite using natural host samples directly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Palma-García
- 2 Centro Universitario de Investigación y Desarrollo Agropecuario, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de Colima , Colima, México
| | | | - Alejandra Del Viento-Camacho
- 2 Centro Universitario de Investigación y Desarrollo Agropecuario, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de Colima , Colima, México
| | - Eduardo López-Escamilla
- 1 Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González," Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fernando Martínez-Hernández
- 1 Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González," Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pablo Vinuesa
- 4 Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Programa de Ingeniería Genómica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Cuernavaca, México
| | - Dolores Correa
- 3 Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- 1 Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González," Ciudad de México, México
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22
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Villanueva-Garcia C, Gordillo-Chavez EJ, Lopez-Escamilla E, Rendon-Franco E, Muñoz-Garcia CI, Gama L, Martinez-Flores WA, Gonzalez-Rodriguez N, Romero-Valdovinos M, Diaz-Lopez H, Galian J, Villalobos G, Maravilla P, Martinez-Hernandez F. Clarifying the Cryptic Host Specificity of Blastocystis spp. Isolates from Alouatta palliata and A. pigra Howler Monkeys. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169637. [PMID: 28056072 PMCID: PMC5215913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the presence of cryptic host specificity has been documented in Blastocystis, differences in infection rates and high genetic polymorphism within and between populations of some subtypes (ST) have impeded the clarification of the generalist or specialist specificity of this parasite. We assessed the genetic variability and host specificity of Blastocystis spp. in wild howler monkeys from two rainforest areas in the southeastern region of Mexico. Fecal samples of 225 Alouatta palliata (59) and A. pigra (166) monkeys, belonging to 16 sylvatic sites, were analyzed for infection with Blastocystis ST using a region of the small subunit rDNA (SSUrDNA) gene as a marker. Phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses were performed according to the geographic areas where the monkeys were found. Blastocystis ST2 was the most abundant (91.9%), followed by ST1 and ST8 with 4.6% and 3.5%, respectively; no association between Blastocystis ST and Alouatta species was observed. SSUrDNA sequences in GenBank from human and non-human primates (NHP) were used as ST references and included in population analyses. The haplotype network trees exhibited different distributions: ST1 showed a generalist profile since several haplotypes from different animals were homogeneously distributed with few mutational changes. For ST2, a major dispersion center grouped the Mexican samples, and high mutational differences were observed between NHP. Furthermore, nucleotide and haplotype diversity values, as well as migration and genetic differentiation indexes, showed contrasting values for ST1 and ST2. These data suggest that ST1 populations are only minimally differentiated, while ST2 populations in humans are highly differentiated from those of NHP. The host generalist and specialist specificities exhibited by ST1 and ST2 Blastocystis populations indicate distinct adaptation processes. Because ST1 exhibits a generalist profile, this haplotype can be considered a metapopulation; in contrast, ST2 exists as a set of local populations with preferences for either humans or NHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Villanueva-Garcia
- Departamento de Zoologia y Antropologia Fisica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España
- Departamento de Ecologia del Paisaje y Cambio Global, Centro de Investigacion para la Conservacion y Aprovechamiento de Recursos Tropicales, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Elias Jose Gordillo-Chavez
- Departamento de Ecologia del Paisaje y Cambio Global, Centro de Investigacion para la Conservacion y Aprovechamiento de Recursos Tropicales, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | | | - Emilio Rendon-Franco
- Departamento de Produccion Agricola y Animal, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Claudia Irais Muñoz-Garcia
- Departamento de Produccion Agricola y Animal, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Lilia Gama
- Departamento de Ecologia del Paisaje y Cambio Global, Centro de Investigacion para la Conservacion y Aprovechamiento de Recursos Tropicales, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Hilda Diaz-Lopez
- Departamento de Ecologia del Paisaje y Cambio Global, Centro de Investigacion para la Conservacion y Aprovechamiento de Recursos Tropicales, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Jose Galian
- Departamento de Zoologia y Antropologia Fisica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España
| | - Guiehdani Villalobos
- Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez”, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- * E-mail: (PM); (FMH)
| | - Fernando Martinez-Hernandez
- Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez”, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- * E-mail: (PM); (FMH)
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23
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Del Rio-Avila C, Rosario C, Arroyo-Escalante S, Carrillo-Casas EM, Díaz-Aparicio E, Suarez-Güemes F, Silva-Sanchez J, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Maravilla P, Hernández-Castro R. Characterisation of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli of 1997 and 2005 isolates from poultry in Mexico. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:494-500. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1187716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Del Rio-Avila
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Posgrado en Ciencias de la Salud y Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, México
| | - C. Rosario
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, México
| | - S. Arroyo-Escalante
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Tlalpan, México
| | - E. M. Carrillo-Casas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Tlalpan, México
| | - E. Díaz-Aparicio
- Departamento de Enfermedades en Pequeños Rumiantes, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Cuajimalpa, México
| | - F. Suarez-Güemes
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, México
| | - J. Silva-Sanchez
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Epidemiológico, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - J. Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México, Cuauhtémoc, México
| | - P. Maravilla
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Tlalpan, México
| | - R. Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Tlalpan, México
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Villalobos G, Vega-Memije ME, Maravilla P, Martinez-Hernandez F. Myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis: countries with increased risk for travelers going to neotropic areas. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:1060-8. [PMID: 27126902 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we review the human botfly (Dermatobia hominis), which belongs to a group of Diptera generically known as "myiasis-causing flies," characterized by the ability of their larvae to develop in animal flesh. In addition to its medical and economic importance, there is an academic interest in this botfly because of its peculiar biology, particularly because a phoretic diptera is needed to complete the life cycle. The larvae penetrate the host's skin, causing furuncle-like lesions that are pruritic, painful, and resemble subcutaneous nodules, producing irreversible perforations in the skin. Although D. hominis is distributed from Mexico to Argentina, a review performed by our working group from 1999 to 2015 determined that the countries with the highest infection rates in travelers are Belize, Bolivia, and Brazil. Interestingly, infected men show a higher variation in the distribution of the lesions than in women. Many treatment schemes have been suggested, including the application of highly dense liquids to the lesion to cause anoxia in the D. hominis larvae. We showed, for the first time, a Bayesian inference between D. hominis and other myiasis-causing flies. The flies grouped into two main clusters according to their capacity to produce facultative and obligatory myiasis, and D. hominis was phylogenetically close to Cuterebra spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiehdani Villalobos
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Pablo Maravilla
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Mexico
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25
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Carrillo-Del Valle MD, De la Garza-García JA, Díaz-Aparicio E, Valdivia-Flores AG, Cisneros-Guzmán LF, Rosario C, Manjarrez-Hernández ÁH, Navarro A, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Maravilla P, Hernández-Castro R. Characterization of Escherichia coli strains from red deer (Cervus elaphus) faeces in a Mexican protected natural area. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-016-1015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Rojano-Rodriguez ME, Beristain-Hernandez JL, Zavaleta-Villa B, Maravilla P, Romero-Valdovinos M, Olivo-Diaz A. Leptin receptor gene polymorphisms and morbid obesity in Mexican patients. Hereditas 2016; 153:2. [PMID: 28096764 PMCID: PMC5224584 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-016-0006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human obesity is due to a complex interaction among environmental, behavioral, developmental and genetic factors, including the interaction of leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR). Several LEPR mutations and polymorphisms have been described in patients with early onset severe obesity and hyperphagic eating behavior; however, some contradictory findings have also been reported. In the present study we explored the association of six LEPR gene polymorphisms in patients with morbid obesity. FINDINGS Twenty eight patients with morbid obesity and 56 non-obese Mexican Mestizo individuals were included. Typing of rs1137100, rs1137101, rs1805134, Ser492Thr, rs1805094 and rs1805096 LEPR polymorphisms was performed by PCR and allele specific hybridization. The LEPR Ser492Thr polymorphism was monomorphic with the presence of only the Ser492Thr-G allele. Allele C and genotype T/C for rs1805134 polymorphism were associated with susceptibility to morbid obesity (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively). No association was observed with any haplotype. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) showed that five polymorphisms (rs1137100, rs1137101, rs1805134, rs1805094 and rs1805096) were in absolute (D' = 1) but none in perfect (r2 = 1) LD. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that rs1805134 polymorphism could be involved in the development of morbid obesity, whilst none of the alleles of the LEPR gene, rs1137100, rs1137101, rs1805094 and rs1805096 were associated as risk factors. However, more studies are necessary to confirm or reject this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beatriz Zavaleta-Villa
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", SSA, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Seccion XVI, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", SSA, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Seccion XVI, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angelica Olivo-Diaz
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", SSA, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Seccion XVI, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
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27
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Morales-Pérez AA, Maravilla P, Solís-López M, Schouwenaars R, Durán-Moreno A, Ramírez-Zamora RM. Optimization of the synthesis process of an iron oxide nanocatalyst supported on activated carbon for the inactivation of Ascaris eggs in water using the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction. Water Sci Technol 2016; 73:1000-9. [PMID: 26942520 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An experimental design methodology was used to optimize the synthesis of an iron-supported nanocatalyst as well as the inactivation process of Ascaris eggs (Ae) using this material. A factor screening design was used for identifying the significant experimental factors for nanocatalyst support (supported %Fe, (w/w), temperature and time of calcination) and for the inactivation process called the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction (H2O2 dose, mass ratio Fe/H2O2, pH and reaction time). The optimization of the significant factors was carried out using a face-centered central composite design. The optimal operating conditions for both processes were estimated with a statistical model and implemented experimentally with five replicates. The predicted value of the Ae inactivation rate was close to the laboratory results. At the optimal operating conditions of the nanocatalyst production and Ae inactivation process, the Ascaris ova showed genomic damage to the point that no cell reparation was possible showing that this advanced oxidation process was highly efficient for inactivating this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna A Morales-Pérez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México E-mail:
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, SSA, México D.F. 14000, México
| | - Myriam Solís-López
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México E-mail:
| | - Rafael Schouwenaars
- Departamento de Materiales y Manufactura, DIMEI, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
| | - Alfonso Durán-Moreno
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, D. F. 04510, México
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Rangel-Gamboa L, Martínez-Hernandez F, Maravilla P, Arenas-Guzmán R, Flisser A. Update of phylogenetic and genetic diversity of Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato. Med Mycol 2015; 54:248-55. [PMID: 26591010 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato causes subcutaneous mycosis. In this article we analysed its phylogeny and genetic diversity using calmodulin DNA sequences deposited in GenBank database. Population genetics indices were calculated, plus phylogenetic and haplotype network trees were built. Five clades with high values of posterior probability, 47 haplotypes and high diversity in the complex were found. Analysis of partial calmodulin sequences alignment revealed conserved and polymorphic regions that could be used as reference for taxonomic identification. The use of population genetics analysis allowed understanding the phylogenetic proximity of S. schenckii s. str. and S. brasiliensis; scarce genetic flow among them with low migration index and high ancestry coefficient was found. Similarly, S. globosa, S. mexicana and S. pallida sequences showed highly differentiated species with no genetic exchange. The phylogenetic tree suggests that S. mexicana shared a common ancestor with S. pallida; while S. globosa and S. brasiliensis are more related to S. schenckii s. str. and showed less haplotype diversity and restrictions in geographic distribution. In the haplotype network tree S. schenckii s. str. species displayed worldwide distribution without dispersion centres; while S. brasiliensis and S. globosa, exhibited Brazil and Euro-Asia as dispersion centres, respectively. Our data suggest that S. schenckii complex has been submitted to a divergent evolution process, probably due to the pressure of the environment and of the host. In contrast, S. brasiliensis could have been submitted to purifying selection or expansion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Rangel-Gamboa
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Subdireccion de Investigacion, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez. Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Fernando Martínez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Subdireccion de Investigacion, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez. Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Subdireccion de Investigacion, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez. Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arenas-Guzmán
- Servicio de Micologia, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez. Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Ana Flisser
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico 04510 Distrito Federal, Mexico.
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Romero-Valdovinos M, Galván-Montaño A, Olivo-Díaz A, Maravilla P, Bobadilla NA, Vadillo-Ortega F, Flisser A. The Amniotic Band Syndrome in the Rat Is Associated with the Activation of Transforming Growth Factor-β. The American Journal of Pathology 2015; 185:2076-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Villalobos G, Orozco-Mosqueda GE, Lopez-Perez M, Lopez-Escamilla E, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Rangel-Gamboa L, Olivo-Diaz A, Romero-Valdovinos M, Maravilla P, Martinez-Hernandez F. Suitability of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) as markers for the population genetic structure of Blastocystis spp. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:461. [PMID: 25274498 PMCID: PMC4203911 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to assess the genetic variation and differentiation of Blastocystis subtypes (STs) recovered from symptomatic children by analysing partial sequences of the small subunit rDNA gene region (SSUrDNA) and internal transcribed spacers (1 and 2) plus the 5.8S region (ITS, ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2) and comparing with isolates from other countries. Findings Faecal samples from 47 Blastocystis-infected children with gastrointestinal symptoms and negative for pathogenic enterobacteria were analysed. PCR was performed on DNA from all the samples to identify Blastocystis STs, amplifying a fragment of SSUrDNA and the ITS region. The amplicons were purified and sequenced, and consensus sequences were submitted to GenBank; afterwards, SSUrDNA sequences were analysed for genetic diversity according to geographic area. Regarding the Blastocystis STs found, 51% were ST1, 23% ST2, 19% ST3 and 2% ST7. For ITS, a haplotype network tree and Bayesian inference revealed the presence of two novel variants of ST1, clustering some sequences into ST1A and ST1B. The values of nucleotide diversity (π) and haplotype polymorphism (θ) for ST1, ST2 and ST3 ranged from 0 to 1, whereas the ratio of genetic differentiation (FST)/migration index (Nm) showed the highest differentiation between Libya and Thailand-Philippines for ST2 (0.282/0.63). In contrast, a high flow gene was observed between Czech Republic-Denmark-Holland-Spain and USA-Mexico-Colombia for ST1 (0.003/84). Conclusion Our data on genetic differentiation and gene flow might explain the differences for the prevalence of Blastocystis STs. Moreover, the ITS region could be used as a genetic marker to assess genetic variation in this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr, Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Mexico 14080, DF, Mexico.
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Rodriguez-Prado U, Jimenez-Gonzalez DE, Avila G, Gonzalez AE, Martinez-Flores WA, Mondragon de la Peña C, Hernandez-Castro R, Romero-Valdovinos M, Flisser A, Martinez-Hernandez F, Maravilla P, Martinez-Maya JJ. Short report: Genetic variation of Echinococcus canadensis (G7) in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:1149-53. [PMID: 25266350 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the genetic variation of Echinococcus G7 strain in larval and adult stages using a fragment of the mitochondrial cox1 gen. Viscera of pigs, bovines, and sheep and fecal samples of dogs were inspected for cystic and canine echinococcosis, respectively; only pigs had hydatid cysts. Bayesian inferences grouped the sequences in an E. canadensis G7 cluster, suggesting that, in Mexico, this strain might be mainly present. Additionally, the population genetic and network analysis showed that E. canadensis in Mexico is very diverse and has probably been introduced several times from different sources. Finally, a scarce genetic differentiation between G6 (camel strain) and G7 (pig strain) populations was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Rodriguez-Prado
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, México; Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta, DF, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez," DF, Mexico; Centro de Biologia Experimental, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Diego Emiliano Jimenez-Gonzalez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, México; Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta, DF, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez," DF, Mexico; Centro de Biologia Experimental, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Avila
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, México; Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta, DF, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez," DF, Mexico; Centro de Biologia Experimental, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Armando E Gonzalez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, México; Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta, DF, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez," DF, Mexico; Centro de Biologia Experimental, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Williams Arony Martinez-Flores
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, México; Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta, DF, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez," DF, Mexico; Centro de Biologia Experimental, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Carmen Mondragon de la Peña
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, México; Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta, DF, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez," DF, Mexico; Centro de Biologia Experimental, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Hernandez-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, México; Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta, DF, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez," DF, Mexico; Centro de Biologia Experimental, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, México; Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta, DF, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez," DF, Mexico; Centro de Biologia Experimental, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Ana Flisser
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, México; Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta, DF, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez," DF, Mexico; Centro de Biologia Experimental, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Fernando Martinez-Hernandez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, México; Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta, DF, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez," DF, Mexico; Centro de Biologia Experimental, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, México; Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta, DF, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez," DF, Mexico; Centro de Biologia Experimental, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Jose Juan Martinez-Maya
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, México; Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta, DF, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez," DF, Mexico; Centro de Biologia Experimental, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
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Martínez-Hernández F, Rendon-Franco E, Gama-Campillo LM, Villanueva-García C, Romero-Valdovinos M, Maravilla P, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Rivas N, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Muñoz-García CI, Villalobos G. Follow up of natural infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in two mammals species, Nasua narica and Procyon lotor (Carnivora: Procyonidae): evidence of infection control? Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:405. [PMID: 25174672 PMCID: PMC4161768 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A large variety of mammals act as natural reservoirs of Trypanosoma cruzi (the causal agent of Chagas disease) across the American continent. Related issues are infection and parasite burden in these reservoirs, and whether they are able to control T. cruzi infections. These parameters can indicate the real role of mammals as T. cruzi reservoirs and transmitters. Here, two species of mammals, white-nosed coati (Nasua narica) and raccoon (Procyon lotor), were examined for to determine: a) T. cruzi presence, and; b) their ability to control T. cruzi infection. Methods Multiple capture-recaptures of both species were carried out in semi-wild conditions in Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico, for 5 years. Two samplings per year (summer and winter) took place. Prevalence and pattern of T. cruzi infection were determined by PCR from both mammals’ blood samples. Results Raccoon samples had a higher relative infection values (26.6%) compared to those of white-nosed coati (9.05%), being this difference significant in summer 2012 (P < 0.00001), summer (P = 0.03) and winter 2013 (P = 0.02). Capture and recapture data indicated three infection dynamics: 1) negative–positive-negative infection; 2) positive–negative-positive infection; and 3) positive at all sampling times. Conclusions These results indicate that both coati and raccoons may be able to control T. cruzi infection. Thus, the role as efficient reservoirs could be questioned (at least for those times when mammals are able to tolerate the infection). However, while infected, they may also be able to approach human dwellings and play a role important in linking sylvatic and domestic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Irais Muñoz-García
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, UAM-Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col, Villa Quietud, Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04960, México.
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Mendlovic F, Garza-Rodríguez A, Carrillo-Farga J, González-Domínguez F, Maravilla P, Flisser A. From stillness to motion: 80 years after the first description of Taenia solium oncosphere hatching. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:12. [PMID: 24433262 PMCID: PMC3896852 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a considered public health problem in many underdeveloped and developing countries. Because of the enormous increase in international tourism and migration, NCC nowadays is also found in some developed countries. Our group was the first to demonstrate that tapeworm carriers in the household are the main risk factor for acquiring cysticercosis in humans and pigs, since the disease results from the ingestion of microscopic tapeworm eggs. Findings We had the opportunity to film the liberation of the embryo from the oncospheral membrane after the hatching of the egg, which is the activation process required for intestinal wall invasion by the onchosphere. Yoshino (J Formosa Med Ass 32:139-142, 1933) described with great detail in diagrams and photographs this process eighty years ago after he infected himself with three living cysticerci in order to study the life cycle of Taenia solium. Other authors further described this process. Nevertheless it has never been filmed before. The purpose of this paper is to shift from stillness to motion since we can now show for the first time a movie of an activated oncosphere and its release from the oncospheral membrane. Conclusion Oncospheral activation is the requisite for T. solium embryos to invade the intestinal mucosa and develop into cysticerci. This process has been amply described but here it is shown for the first time in motion; thus it may be of interest for readers of the journal and useful for educational purposes towards the control of NCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Flisser
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510 DF, Mexico.
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Sanchez-Aguillon F, Lopez-Escamilla E, Velez-Perez F, Martinez-Flores WA, Rodriguez-Zulueta P, Martinez-Ocaña J, Martinez-Hernandez F, Romero-Valdovinos M, Maravilla P. Parasitic infections in a Mexican HIV/AIDS cohort. J Infect Dev Ctries 2013; 7:763-6. [PMID: 24129632 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This item has no abstract. Follow the links below to access the full text.
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Martinez-Ocaña J, Olivo-Diaz A, Salazar-Dominguez T, Reyes-Gordillo J, Tapia-Aquino C, Martínez-Hernández F, Manjarrez ME, Antonio-Martinez M, Contreras-Molina A, Figueroa-Moreno R, Valdez-Vazquez R, Kawa-Karasik S, Rodríguez-Zulueta P, Flisser A, Maravilla P, Romero-Valdovinos M. Plasma cytokine levels and cytokine gene polymorphisms in Mexican patients during the influenza pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:108-13. [PMID: 23809475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Mexico, the initial severe cases of the 2009 influenza pandemic virus A (H1N1) [A(H1N1)pdm09] were detected in early March. The immune mechanisms associated with the severe pneumonia caused by infection with this new virus have not been completely elucidated. Polymorphisms in interleukin genes have previously been associated with susceptibility to infectious diseases due to their influence on cytokine production. OBJECTIVES The present case-control study was performed to compare several immunologic and genetic parameters of patients and controls during the initial phase of the pandemic. STUDY DESIGN Sixty-five patients who were hospitalized due to infection with the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and 46 healthy controls were studied. A hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA) was performed to measure anti-influenza antibody titers in these subjects. Protein levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon gamma (IFNγ), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)1 and TGFβ2 were quantified in plasma. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL6, IL10 and TNFα were also assessed. RESULTS Influenza patients had lower antibody titers and produced significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα than healthy controls. The frequencies of the TNFα -308G, IL-10 -592C and IL-10 -1082A alleles and the IL10 -1082(A/A) genotype were associated with susceptibility to severe disease, while the haplotypes TNFα AG and IL-10 GTA and GCA were associated with protection from severe disease [P=0.016, OR (CI)=0.11 (0.01-0.96); P=0.0187, OR (CI)=0.34 (0.13-0.85); P=0.013, OR (CI)=0.39 (0.18-0.83)]. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 patients and healthy controls have different profiles of immune parameters and that there is an association between IL-10 and TNFα polymorphisms and the outcome of this disease.
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Romero-Valdovinos M, Gudiño-Ramírez A, Reyes-Gordillo J, Martínez-Flores WA, Ramírez-Miranda ME, Maravilla P, Olivo-Díaz A. Interleukin-8 and -10 gene polymorphisms in irritable bowel syndrome. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8837-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ramírez-Miranda ME, Jiménez-González DE, Rodríguez-Campa ME, González-Angulo A, Hernández-Castellanos R, Sara Arroyo-Escalante A, Romero-Valdovinos M, Martínez-Hernández F, Flisser A, Maravilla P. [Irritable bowel syndrome: frequency and phylogenetic relationship of Blastocystis sp. from Mexican patients]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2011; 76:309-315. [PMID: 22188955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies reported increased presence of Blastocystis in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and an etiologic role has been proposed. The pathogenic role of Blastocystis is controversial, because it is frequently found not only in individuals with enteric symptoms but also in healthy and asymptomatic subjects. Furthermore, there are few studies of blastocistosis in Mexico. OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency of Blastocystis sp. in IBS patients using molecular techniques and to describe its phylogenetic relationship with sequences of other countries. METHODS IBS patients according to Rome III criteria were enrolled. In all patients evaluations included: colonoscopies, coproparasitoscopic studies, coproculture, fecal virus screening. PCR and sequencing for Blastocystis sp. were also performed. RESULTS We recruited 11 men and 51 women with a mean age of 45.6 (SD ± 15.7) years. Eighty-six percent of the IBS patients presented a normal colonoscopy, 8% showed polyps and 6% diverticular disease. Blastocystis sp. was identified in 25% patients (all of them with normal colonoscopy), while two patients had Endolimax nana and Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that major sequences of Mexican carriers clustered together with sequences of parasites from Japan and Denmark; furthermore, two sequences from IBS patients were grouped in a single cluster. CONCLUSIONS Blastocystis sp. was identified in 25% of the IBS patients. Our data support the hypothesis of clonal lineages in distinct geographical areas in the world.
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Toral-Bastida E, Garza-Rodriguez A, Jimenez-Gonzalez DE, Garcia-Cortes R, Avila-Ramirez G, Maravilla P, Flisser A. Development of Taenia pisiformis in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:147. [PMID: 21787386 PMCID: PMC3159142 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The life cycle of Taenia pisiformis includes canines as definitive hosts and rabbits as intermediate hosts. Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is a rodent that has been successfully used as experimental model of Taenia solium taeniosis. In the present study we describe the course of T. pisiformis infection in experimentally infected golden hamsters. Ten females, treated with methyl-prednisolone acetate were infected with three T. pisiformis cysticerci each one excised from one rabbit. Proglottids released in faeces and adults recovered during necropsy showed that all animals were infected. Eggs obtained from the hamsters' tapeworms, were assessed for viability using trypan blue or propidium iodide stains. Afterwards, some rabbits were inoculated with eggs, necropsy was performed after seven weeks and viable cysticerci were obtained. Our results demonstrate that the experimental model of adult Taenia pisiformis in golden hamster can replace the use of canines in order to study this parasite and to provide eggs and adult tapeworms to be used in different types of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Toral-Bastida
- Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, SSA, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico 14080 DF
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Martinez-Ocaña J, Romero-Valdovinos M, de Kaminsky RG, Maravilla P, Flisser A. Immunolocalization of TSOL18 and TSOL45-1A, the successful protective peptides against porcine cysticercosis, in Taenia solium oncospheres. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:3. [PMID: 21211050 PMCID: PMC3024966 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Taenia solium life cycle includes humans as definitive hosts and pigs as intermediate hosts. One of the measures to stop the life cycle of this parasite is by vaccination of pigs. In experiments performed in pigs with TSOL18 and TSOL45-1A, two recombinant T. solium proteins, 99.5% and 97.0% protection was induced, respectively. The purpose of this paper was to localize these antigens in all stages of the parasite (adult worms, oncospheres and cysticerci) by immunofluorescence, with the use of antibodies against TSOL18 and TSOL45-1A that were obtained from the pigs used in the vaccination experiment. Results show that TSOL18 and TSOL45-1A are expressed on the surface of T. solium oncospheres and not in tapeworms or cysticerci, indicating that they are stage-specific antigens. This, therefore, might explain the high level of protection these antigens induce against pig cysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Martinez-Ocaña
- Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico 14080 DF, Mexico
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Ramirez-Miranda ME, Hernandez-Castellanos R, Lopez-Escamilla E, Moncada D, Rodriguez-Magallan A, Pagaza-Melero C, Gonzalez-Angulo A, Flisser A, Kawa-Karasik S, Maravilla P. Parasites in Mexican patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a case-control study. Parasit Vectors 2010; 3:96. [PMID: 20942938 PMCID: PMC2964652 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-3-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and fifteen patients with symptoms suggestive of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) according to Rome III criteria and 209 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms different from IBS (control) were identified through medical records from the Gastroenterology Clinic of the "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez General Hospital" from January 2008 to March 2010. No statistical differences in IBS data as compared with control groups were observed except in bloating, that was more frequent in the IBS group (P = 0.043). Although the pathogenicity of specific intestinal protozoa could not be demonstrated due to lack of association with the development of gastrointestinal symptoms, Blastocystis spp, in the IBS group, exhibited a trend of association to diarrhoea (odds ratio = 2.73, 95% confidence interval = 0.84-8.80, P = 0.053), while having any parasite and diarrhoea was significant (odds ratio = 3.38, 95% confidence interval = 1.33-8.57, P = 0.008). The association between Blastocystis and diarrhoea in IBS patients although not conclusive is an interesting finding; nonetheless more extensive case-controlled studies are required to clearly define the role of some "non-pathogenic" parasites in intestinal disease and IBS.
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Martinez-Hernandez F, Jimenez-Gonzalez DE, Martinez-Flores A, Villalobos-Castillejos G, Vaughan G, Kawa-Karasik S, Flisser A, Maravilla P, Romero-Valdovinos M. What happened after the initial global spread of pandemic human influenza virus A (H1N1)? A population genetics approach. Virol J 2010; 7:196. [PMID: 20727188 PMCID: PMC2936310 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral population evolution dynamics of influenza A is crucial for surveillance and control. In this paper we analyzed viral genetic features during the recent pandemic caused by the new influenza human virus A H1N1, using a conventional population genetics approach based on 4689 hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) sequences available in GenBank submitted between March and December of 2009. This analysis showed several relevant aspects: a) a scarce initial genetic variability within the viral isolates from some countries that increased along 2009 when influenza was dispersed around the world; b) a worldwide virus polarized behavior identified when comparing paired countries, low differentiation and high gene flow were found in some pairs and high differentiation and moderate or scarce gene flow in others, independently of their geographical closeness, c) lack of positive selection in HA and NA due to increase of the population size of virus variants, d) HA and NA variants spread in a few months all over the world being identified in the same countries in different months along 2009, and e) containment of viral variants in Mexico at the beginning of the outbreak, probably due to the control measures applied by the government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Martinez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General Dr, Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, DF 14080, Mexico
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Martinez-Hernandez F, Jimenez-Gonzalez DE, Chenillo P, Alonso-Fernandez C, Maravilla P, Flisser A. Geographical widespread of two lineages of Taenia solium due to human migrations: Can population genetic analysis strengthen this hypothesis? Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2009; 9:1108-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mata-Miranda P, Osnaya-Palma I, Rodríguez-Prado U, Gutiérrez-Marín A, Tawil M, Hernández-González S, Solano-Ceh M, Villalvaso L, Martínez-Maya JJ, Maravilla P, García-de-la-Torre G, Flisser A. Epidemiologic and ultrasonographic study of echinococcosis in a community in the state of Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007; 77:500-3. [PMID: 17827367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
No epidemiologic study for cystic echinococcosis in México has yet been described. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence and distribution of human echinococcosis in a community of the state of México and its probable risk factors. A cross-sectional study was performed; household census was used to randomly select houses. The larval stage of Echinococcus was searched by ultrasound in liver, spleen, and kidney. A questionnaire was used for the investigation of risk factors. The study was performed with 401 persons, 64% were female. The prevalence of echinococcosis was 0.75%. Cases were distributed in the same sector of the community. The close distribution of cases suggests the same exposure source. There were 426 dogs in the community; feces were collected from 414 of these in search of cestode eggs. After treatment, 3 dogs had Taenia pisiformis but none had Echinococcus. This paper pioneers the search of human echinococcosis in México because it provides evidence of the presence of this tissue parasite at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Mata-Miranda
- Dirección de Investigación. Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", México DF 14000, México
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Mata-Miranda P, Villalvaso L, Maravilla P, Hernández-González S, García-de-la-Torre G, Gutiérrez-Marín A, Flisser A, Martínez-Maya JJ, Tawil M, Osnaya-Palma I, Solano-Ceh M, Rodríguez-Prado U. Epidemiologic and Ultrasonographic Study of Echinococcosis in a Community in the State of México. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007. [DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2007.77.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Garza-Rodríguez A, Maravilla P, Mendlovic F, Mata-Miranda P, Robert L, Flisser A. Lack of postmortem digestion of tapeworms in golden hamsters experimentally infected with Taenia solium. Vet Parasitol 2007; 145:172-5. [PMID: 17184918 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Taenia solium causes human neurocysticercosis, a public health problem in Mexico and other developing countries. Surprisingly, tapeworm carriers are very rarely found and in necropsy studies practically no tapeworms have been reported. In this paper we analyze the possibility that, after the death of the host, tapeworms could easily be destroyed in the intestine. Our experiments, performed in the hamster model, suggest that the absence of tapeworms in human intestine during necropsy is not due to postmortem digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garza-Rodríguez
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General Dr Manuel Gea González, SSA, 14000 México DF, Mexico
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Abstract
Human beings are the only hosts of adult Taenia solium; thus, many aspects of the host-parasite relationship are unknown. The development of successful experimental models of taeniasis allows in-depth investigations of the host-parasite relationship. We established experimental models in hamsters, gerbils and chinchillas. Here we review our findings regarding the characteristics of the tapeworms, their anchoring site and development, as well as the humoral and cellular immune response they elicit. We also used statistics to analyze the data obtained in different infections performed along several years. Furthermore, we compared the size of T. solium rostellum and strobila recovered from hamsters and gerbils to those obtained from humans. Our data indicate that these rodents are adequate experimental models for studying T. solium in its adult stage; that parasites induce immune responses and that hamsters seem to be more permissive hosts than gerbils, since parasites survive for longer times, grow longer and develop more, and the inflammatory response in the intestinal mucosa against T. solium is moderate. Finally, chinchillas are the most successful experimental definitive model for adult T. solium, since tapeworms with gravid proglottids are obtained, and the life cycle can be continued to the intermediate host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermina Avila
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico DF. Mexico
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Maravilla P, Andrew Thompson RC, Palacios-Ruiz JA, Estcourt A, Ramirez-Solis E, Mondragon-de-la-Peña C, Moreno-Moller M, Cardenas-Mejia A, Mata-Miranda P, Aguirre-Alcantara MT, Bonilla-Rodriguez C, Flisser A. Echinococcus granulosus cattle strain identification in an autochthonous case of cystic echinococcosis in central Mexico. Acta Trop 2004; 92:231-6. [PMID: 15533292 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2004.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2003] [Revised: 07/03/2004] [Accepted: 07/26/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a frequent hepatic parasitic disease in several countries but it is practically absent in Mexico. A cattle strain of Echinococcus granulosus was identified by RAPD, PCR-RFLP and mitochondrial CO1 gene analysis in an autochthonous case. The parasite was obtained after a laparoscopic excision of a liver cyst from a patient that was symptomatic for 6 years but mis-diagnosed before hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, SSA, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Toriello Guerra 14000, Mexico DF, Mexico
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Flisser A, Gauci CG, Zoli A, Martinez-Ocaña J, Garza-Rodriguez A, Dominguez-Alpizar JL, Maravilla P, Rodriguez-Canul R, Avila G, Aguilar-Vega L, Kyngdon C, Geerts S, Lightowlers MW. Induction of protection against porcine cysticercosis by vaccination with recombinant oncosphere antigens. Infect Immun 2004; 72:5292-7. [PMID: 15322025 PMCID: PMC517464 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.9.5292-5297.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two recombinant Taenia solium oncosphere antigens, designated TSOL18 and TSOL45-1A, were investigated as vaccines to prevent transmission of the zoonotic disease cysticercosis through pigs. Both antigens were effective in inducing very high levels of protection (up to 100%) in three independent vaccine trials in pigs against experimental challenge infection with T. solium eggs, which were undertaken in Mexico and Cameroon. This is the highest level of protection that has been achieved against T. solium infection in pigs by vaccination with a defined antigen. TSOL18 and TSOL45-1A provide the basis for development of a highly effective practical vaccine that could assist in the control and, potentially, the eradication of human neurocysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flisser
- Direccion de Investigación, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, SSA, Mexico, DF
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Abstract
The tapeworms of the genus Taenia that infect human beings are T. solium, T. saginata and T. saginata asiatica. Taenia solium and T. saginata exhibit unequivocal features that characterize them; in contrast, only recent DNA studies, morphological characteristics, and epidemiological and sanitary aspects indicate that T. saginata asiatica is a subspecies of T. saginata. These 3 tapeworms occur in humans in their adult stage, and the intermediate hosts are pigs for T. solium and T. saginata asiatica and cows for T. saginata. Their identification is crucial considering the migratory increase from Asia to the Western Hemisphere and the fact that these tapeworms coexist in the same environment in Asia; furthermore, it is estimated that movement in both directions across the United States-Mexico border exceeds 200 million persons per yr, and thus, opportunities for acquiring and transporting T. solium infections are multiplied. It is not easy to distinguish among these tapeworms; therefore, a comparative diagram of the 3 parasites is shown in this article, which will facilitate their identification. All morphological features, some of which allow for identification, are clear and can be easily distinguished among the 3 tapeworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flisser
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico DF 04510, Mexico.
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Abstract
Mexican and Colombian Taenia solium cysticerci and some species of Taenia adults were assayed using cellulose acetate electrophoresis to distinguish between isolates. Isozyme patterns for ARK, GOT, G3PD, GPI, and MPI were identical in all cysticerci suggesting homozygotic profiles. G6PD and MDH showed different patterns between Mexican and Colombian cysticerci, suggesting regional differences. ME activity was mainly detected in the adult stage suggesting that this enzyme is active in anaerobic environment, while MDH, detected in cysticerci, could be related to an environment that contains oxygen. Finally, the species of taeniid adults analyzed showed different patterns among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Maravilla
- Facultad de Medicina, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, 14400 México DF, México
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