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Larsen BA, Klinedinst BS, Wolf T, McLimans KE, Wang Q, Pollpeter A, Li T, Mohammadiarvejeh P, Fili M, Grundy JG, Willette AA. Adiposity and insulin resistance moderate the links between neuroelectrophysiology and working and episodic memory functions in young adult males but not females. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114321. [PMID: 37567373 PMCID: PMC10592072 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and insulin resistance negatively influence neural activity and cognitive function, but electrophysiological mechanisms underlying these interrelationships remain unclear. This study investigated whether adiposity and insulin resistance moderated neural activity and underlying cognitive functions in young adults. METHODS Real-time electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded in 38 lean (n = 12) and obese (n = 26) young adults with (n = 15) and without (n = 23) insulin resistance (18-38 years, 55.3% female) as participants completed three neurocognitive tasks in working memory (Operation Span), inhibitory control (Stroop), and episodic memory (Visual Association Test). Body fat percentage was quantified by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan (DEXA/DXA). Fasting serum insulin and glucose were quantified to calculate Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) values, for which a higher value indicates more insulin resistance. Hierarchical moderated regression analysis tested these interrelationships. RESULTS In males, greater frontal negative slow wave (fNSW) and positive slow wave (PSW) amplitudes were linked to higher working memory accuracy in participants with low, but not high, body fat percentage and HOMA-IR levels. In contrast, body fat percentage and HOMA-IR did not moderate these associations in females. Furthermore, body fat percentage and HOMA-IR values moderated the relationship between greater fNSW amplitudes and better episodic memory accuracy in males, but not females. Finally, body fat percentage and insulin resistance did not moderate the link between neural activity and inhibitory control for either sex. CONCLUSION Young adult males, but not females, with higher body adiposity and insulin resistance showed reduced neural activity and worse underlying working and episodic memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Larsen
- Department of Behavioral Science, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Brandon S Klinedinst
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, RR-512, Health Sciences Building, Box 356420, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, Washington, 98195, United States of America
| | - Tovah Wolf
- Lifecare Alliance, 1699 W Mound St., Columbus, Ohio, 43223, United States of America
| | - Kelsey E McLimans
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Viterbo University, 900 Viterbo Dr., La Crosse, Wisconsin, 54601, United States of America
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, 2312 Food Sciences Building, 536 Farm House Ln., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Amy Pollpeter
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Dr., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Tianqi Li
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, 2312 Food Sciences Building, 536 Farm House Ln., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Parvin Mohammadiarvejeh
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Iowa State University, 3004 Black Engineering, 2529 Union Dr., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Fili
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Iowa State University, 3004 Black Engineering, 2529 Union Dr., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - John G Grundy
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, 901 Stange Rd., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Auriel A Willette
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, 2312 Food Sciences Building, 536 Farm House Ln., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America; Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, 901 Stange Rd., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., 2007 Roy Carver Pavilion, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America.
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Klinedinst BS, Kharate MK, Mohammadiarvejeh P, Fili M, Pollpeter A, Larsen BA, Moody S, Wang Q, Allenspach K, Mochel JP, Willette AA. Exploring the secrets of super-aging: a UK Biobank study on brain health and cognitive function. GeroScience 2023; 45:2471-2480. [PMID: 36947307 PMCID: PMC10651574 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Communities across the globe are faced with a rapidly aging society, where age is the main risk factor for cognitive decline and development of Alzheimer's and related diseases. Despite extensive research, there have been no successful treatments yet. A rare group of individuals called "super-agers" have been noted to thrive with their exceptional ability to maintain a healthy brain and normal cognitive function even in old age. Studying their traits, lifestyles, and environments may provide valuable insight. This study used a data-driven approach to identify potential super-agers among 7121 UK Biobank participants and found that these individuals have the highest total brain volume, best cognitive performance, and lowest functional connectivity. The researchers suggest a novel hypothesis that these super-agers possess enhanced neural processing efficiency that increases with age and introduce a definition of the "neural efficiency index." Furthermore, several other types of aging were identified and significant structural-functional differences were observed between them, highlighting the benefit of research efforts in personalized medicine and precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Klinedinst
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359, 325 9th Avenue, WA, 98104, Seattle, USA.
| | - Mihir K Kharate
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Parvin Mohammadiarvejeh
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mohammad Fili
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Amy Pollpeter
- Interdepartmental Bioinformatics and Computational Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Brittany A Larsen
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Shannin Moody
- Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Auriel A Willette
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Li T, Willette AA, Wang Q, Pollpeter A, Larsen BA, Mohammadiarvejeh P, Fili M. Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Influences Impact the Associations between Diet and Resting-State Functional Connectivity: A Study from the UK Biobank. Nutrients 2023; 15:3390. [PMID: 37571327 PMCID: PMC10420831 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red wine and dairy products have been staples in human diets for a long period. However, the impact of red wine and dairy intake on brain network activity remains ambiguous and requires further investigation. METHODS This study investigated the associations between dairy and red wine consumption and seven neural networks' connectivity with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from a sub-cohort of the UK Biobank database. Linear mixed models were employed to regress dairy and red wine consumption against the intrinsic functional connectivity for each neural network. Interactions with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors, including apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype, TOMM40 genotype, and family history of AD, were also assessed. RESULT More red wine consumption was associated with enhanced connectivity in the central executive function network and posterior default mode network. Greater milk intake was correlated with more left executive function network connectivity, while higher cheese consumption was linked to reduced posterior default mode network connectivity. For participants without a family history of Alzheimer's disease (AD), increased red wine consumption was positively correlated with enhanced left executive function network connectivity. In contrast, participants with a family history of AD displayed diminished network connectivity in relation to their red wine consumption. The association between cheese consumption and neural network connectivity was influenced by APOE4 status, TOMM40 status, and family history, exhibiting contrasting patterns across different subgroups. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that family history modifies the relationship between red wine consumption and network strength. The interaction effects between cheese intake and network connectivity may vary depending on the presence of different genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Li
- Genetics and Genomics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, 1109 HNSB, 2302 Osborn Drive Ames, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Auriel A. Willette
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Amy Pollpeter
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Brittany A. Larsen
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Parvin Mohammadiarvejeh
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (P.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Mohammad Fili
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (P.M.); (M.F.)
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