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Cantón R, Gottlieb T, Coombs GW, Woo PCY, Korman TM, Garcia-Castillo M, Daley D, Bauer KA, Wong M, Wolf DJ, Siddiqui F, Motyl M. Antimicrobial surveillance: A 20-year history of the SMART approach to addressing global antimicrobial resistance into the future. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:107014. [PMID: 37866472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.107014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health threat, particularly affecting patients in resource-poor settings. Comprehensive surveillance programmes are essential to reducing the high mortality and morbidity associated with AMR and are integral to informing treatment decisions and guidelines, appraising the effectiveness of intervention strategies, and directing development of new antibacterial agents. Various surveillance programmes exist worldwide, including those administered by government bodies or funded by the pharmaceutical industry. One of the largest and longest running industry-sponsored AMR surveillance programme is the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART), which recently completed its 20th year. The SMART database has grown to almost 500 000 isolates from over 200 sites in more than 60 countries, encompassing all major geographic regions and including many sites in low- and middle-income countries. The SMART surveillance programme has evolved in scope over time, including additional antibacterial agents, pathogens and infection sites, in line with changing epidemiology and medical need. Surveillance data from SMART and similar programmes have been used successfully to detect emerging resistance threats and AMR patterns in specific countries and regions, thus informing national and local clinical treatment guidelines. The SMART database can be accessed readily by physicians and researchers globally, which may be especially valuable to those from countries with limited healthcare resources, where surveillance and resistance data are rarely collected. Continued participation from as many sites as possible worldwide and maintenance of adequate funding are critical factors to fully realising the potential of large-scale AMR surveillance programmes into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Gottlieb
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W Coombs
- Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tony M Korman
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia; and the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Maria Garcia-Castillo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Denise Daley
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia; and the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karri A Bauer
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Dominik J Wolf
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Fakhar Siddiqui
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Mary Motyl
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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Li KSM, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Bats-The Magnificent Virus Player: SARS, MERS, COVID-19 and Beyond. Viruses 2023; 15:2342. [PMID: 38140583 PMCID: PMC10747191 DOI: 10.3390/v15122342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Irrespective of whether COVID-19 originated from a natural or a genetically engineered virus, the ultimate source of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is bats [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S. M. Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (K.S.M.L.); (S.K.P.L.)
| | - Susanna K. P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (K.S.M.L.); (S.K.P.L.)
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (K.S.M.L.); (S.K.P.L.)
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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3
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Tan YP, Tsang CC, Chan KF, Fung SL, Kok KH, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Differential innate immune responses of human macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells against Talaromyces marneffei. mSphere 2023; 8:e0025822. [PMID: 37695039 PMCID: PMC10597461 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00258-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei is a thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen endemic in Southeast Asia. As inhalation of airborne conidia is believed as the major infection route, airway epithelial cells followed by pulmonary macrophages are the first cell types which the fungus encounters inside the host. In this study, we established an in vitro infection model based on human peripheral blood-derived macrophages (hPBDMs) cultured with the supplementation of autologous plasma. Using this model, we determined the transcriptomic changes of hPBDMs in response to T. marneffei infection by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction as well as high-throughput RNA sequencing. Results showed that T. marneffei infection could activate hPBDMs to the M1-like phenotype and trigger a potent induction of chemokine and pro-inflammatory cytokine production as well as the expression of other immunoregulatory genes. In contrast to hPBDMs, there was no detectable innate cytokine response against T. marneffei in human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs). Using a green fluorescent protein-tagged T. marneffei strain and confocal microscopy, internalization of the fungus by hBECs was confirmed. Live cell imaging further demonstrated that the infected cells exhibited normal cellular physiology, especially that the process of cell division could be observed. Moreover, T. marneffei also survived better inside hBECs than hPBDMs. Our results illustrated a potential role of hBECs to serve as reservoir cells for T. marneffei to evade immunosurveillance by phagocytes, from which the fungus reactivates when the host immunity is weakened and causes infection. Such immunoevasion and reactivation may also help explain the long incubation period observed for talaromycosis, in particular the travel-related cases. IMPORTANCE Talaromyces marneffei is an important fungal pathogen especially in Southeast Asia. To understand the innate immune response to talaromycosis, a suitable infection model is needed. Here, we established an in vitro T. marneffei infection model using human peripheral blood-derived macrophages (hPBDMs). We then examined the transcriptomic changes of hPBDMs in response to T. marneffei infection with this model. We found that contact with T. marneffei could activate hPBDMs to the M1-like phenotype and induced mRNA expressions of five cytokines and eight immunoregulatory genes. Contrary to hPBDMs, such immunoresponse was not elicited in human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs), despite normal physiology observed in infected cells. We also found that infected hBECs did not eliminate T. marneffei as efficiently as hPBDMs. Our observation suggested that hBECs may potentially serve as reservoir cells for T. marneffei to evade immunosurveillance. When the host immunity deteriorates later, then the fungus reactivates and causes infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Pei Tan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Homantin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Fai Chan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu-Leung Fung
- Tuberculosis and Chest Medicine Unit, Grantham Hospital, Aberdeen, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Hang Kok
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susanna K. P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Teng JLL, Woo PCY, Chan E. Development of an antigen capture assay for melioidosis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2023; 29 Suppl 4:45-46. [PMID: 37690808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J L L Teng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - P C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - E Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wernery U, Teng JLL, Ma Y, Kinne J, Yeung ML, Anas S, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Usefulness of Next-Generation Sequencing in Excluding Bovine Leukemia Virus as a Cause of Adult Camel Leukosis in Dromedaries. Pathogens 2023; 12:995. [PMID: 37623955 PMCID: PMC10459180 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12080995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult camel leukosis is an emerging hematological and neoplastic disease in dromedaries. It has been hypothesized that bovine leukemia virus (BLV) or its genetic variants may be associated with adult camel leukosis. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to detect all possible viruses in five lung samples from five dromedaries with histopathological evidence of adult camel leukosis and four tissue samples from two control dromedaries. A total throughput of 114.7 Gb was achieved, with an average of 12.7 Gb/sample. For each sample, all the pair-end 151-bp reads were filtered to remove rRNA sequences, bacterial genomes and redundant sequences, resulting in 1-7 Gb clean reads, of which <3% matched to viruses. The largest portion of these viral sequences was composed of bacterial phages. About 100-300 reads in each sample matched "multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus", but manual analysis showed that they were only repetitive sequences commonly present in mammalian genomes. All viral reads were also extracted for analysis, confirming that no BLV or its genetic variants or any other virus was detected in the nine tissue samples. NGS is not only useful for detecting microorganisms associated with infectious diseases, but also important for excluding an infective cause in scenarios where such a possibility is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wernery
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; (J.K.)
| | - Jade L. L. Teng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China;
| | - Yuanchao Ma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; (Y.M.); (M.-L.Y.); (S.K.P.L.)
| | - Joerg Kinne
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; (J.K.)
| | - Man-Lung Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; (Y.M.); (M.-L.Y.); (S.K.P.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Safna Anas
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; (J.K.)
| | - Susanna K. P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; (Y.M.); (M.-L.Y.); (S.K.P.L.)
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; (Y.M.); (M.-L.Y.); (S.K.P.L.)
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Xing F, Xia Y, Lu Q, Lo SKF, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Rapid diagnosis of fatal Nocardia kroppenstedtii bacteremic pneumonia and empyema thoracis by next-generation sequencing: a case report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1226126. [PMID: 37534314 PMCID: PMC10392123 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1226126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nocardia species do not replicate as rapidly as other pyogenic bacteria and nocardial infections can be highly fatal, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Here, we present the first report of fatal Nocardia kroppenstedtii bacteremic pneumonia and empyema thoracis diagnosed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies' MinION device. The bacterium was not identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Due to its low equipment cost, short turn-around-time, and portable size, the Oxford Nanopore Technologies' MinION device is a useful platform for NGS in routine clinical microbiology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Xing
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Xia
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qianyun Lu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Simon K. F. Lo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Susanna K. P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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7
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Lok KYW, Teng JLL, El-Nezami H, Tarrant M, Chau PPH, Ip P, Woo PCY. Effect of feeding methods on intestinal microbiota of Chinese infants: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2023; 29 Suppl 3:43-47. [PMID: 37357592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Y W Lok
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J L L Teng
- Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - H El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M Tarrant
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - P P H Chau
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - P Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - P C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Karlowsky JA, Lob SH, Khan TK, Chen WT, Woo PCY, Seto WH, Ip M, Leung SWM, Wong QWL, Chau RWY, DeRyke CA, Young K, Motyl MR, Sahm DF. Carbapenem resistance among Gram-negative isolates collected from patients in ICU and non-ICU hospital wards in Hong Kong: SMART 2017-2020. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 33:260-266. [PMID: 37086892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales isolated from infected patients in intensive-care unit (ICU) and non-ICU hospital wards in Hong Kong. METHODS Isolates of P. aeruginosa (ICU, n=35; non-ICU, n=264) and Enterobacterales (ICU, n=129; non-ICU, n=1390) were collected in four Hong Kong hospitals in 2017-2020. CLSI broth microdilution MICs were interpreted by CLSI 2021 M100 breakpoints. β-lactamase genes were identified in imipenem-, imipenem/relebactam-, and ceftolozane/tazobactam-non-susceptible isolates. RESULTS Ceftolozane/tazobactam demonstrated potent in vitro activity against both P. aeruginosa (ICU, 88.6%; non-ICU, 98.5%) and Enterobacterales (96.1% susceptible; 97.1%). Percent susceptible values for P. aeruginosa isolates from ICU and non-ICU patients were: meropenem (ICU, 74.3%; non-ICU, 84.1%) and imipenem (68.6%; 73.1%). Only one of 77 isolates tested for β-lactamase genes carried a carbapenemase (VIM-2). Percent susceptible values for Enterobacterales isolates from ICU and non-ICU patients were: meropenem (100%; 99.4%), ertapenem (100%; 98.0%), and imipenem (88.4%; 88.6%). 62 Enterobacterales isolates were tested for β-lactamase genes. Only three isolates carried a carbapenemase gene; two (both Escherichia coli) were metallo-β-lactamase-positive (both NDM-5) and one (Klebsiella pneumoniae) was OXA-48-like-positive. CONCLUSIONS Carbapenem-nonsusceptible isolates of P. aeruginosa were common (>15% of isolates). P. aeruginosa percent susceptible values to ceftolozane/tazobactam (97.3% susceptible overall) were ≥14% higher than carbapenems for both ICU and non-ICU isolates. Carbapenemases were rare among both P. aeruginosa (one isolate) and Enterobacterales (three isolates). Most Enterobacterales isolates tested from ICU and non-ICU patients in Hong Kong hospitals in 2017-2020 were susceptible to meropenem and ertapenem (≥98%); imipenem was less active (89% susceptible).
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Karlowsky
- IHMA, Schaumburg, IL, 60173, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | | | - Tsz K Khan
- Global Medical & Scientific Affairs, MSD (Asia) Ltd., Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Hong Seto
- School of Public Health, WHO Collaborating Centre, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stanley W M Leung
- Clinical Laboratories and Pathology, Hong Kong Adventist Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Queenie W-L Wong
- Global Medical & Scientific Affairs, MSD (Asia) Ltd., Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rene W Y Chau
- Global Medical & Scientific Affairs, MSD (Asia) Ltd., Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Woo PCY, de Groot RJ, Haagmans B, Lau SKP, Neuman BW, Perlman S, Sola I, van der Hoek L, Wong ACP, Yeh SH. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Coronaviridae 2023. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37097842 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The family Coronaviridae includes viruses with positive-sense RNA genomes of 22-36 kb that are expressed through a nested set of 3' co-terminal subgenomic mRNAs. Members of the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae are characterized by 80-160 nm diameter, enveloped virions with spike projections. The orthocoronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus are extremely pathogenic for humans and in the last two decades have been responsible for the SARS and MERS epidemics. Another orthocoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was responsible for the recent global COVID-19 pandemic. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Coronaviridae which is available at www.ictv.global/report/coronaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Y Woo
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Raoul J de Groot
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bart Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Benjamin W Neuman
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, and Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Isabel Sola
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology-Spanish, National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Antonio C P Wong
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Shiou-Hwei Yeh
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Zaragoza O, Investigator P, Merino-Amador T, de Armentia C, Lass-Flörl C, Buil JB, Verweij PE, Woo PCY, Tsang CC, Lewis White P, Price J, Grimes C, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Pasqualotto AC, Cuenca-Estrella M. 353. Evaluation of the in vitro activity of amphotericin B used in the liposomal formulation AmBisome against contemporary human fungal pathogens. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Amphotericin B is an antifungal drug whose main limitation is toxicity. To reduce these side effects, liposomal formulations have been developed, being AmBisome (L-AmB, Gilead Science Inc) the most commonly used. We describe the in vitro antifungal activity of L-AmB component used in the AmBisome formulation
Methods
We performed a multicenter study to determine the susceptibility to L-AmB using CLSI and EUCAST reference methods. Contemporary human fungal pathogenic species (14 yeast spp and 23 mould spp from different geographical regions were included. Other antifungals (triazoles and echinocandins) were also evaluated.
Results
L-AmB showed activity against yeast species using both EUCAST and CLSI protocols. The strongest activity was shown against Candida albicans (GM-EUCAST 0.24 mg/L (n=85), CLSI 0.23 mg/L (n=111)), C. parapsilosis (GM-EUCAST 0.32 mg/L (n=82), CLSI 0.32 mg/L (n=124)), C. glabrata (GM-EUCAST 0.32 mg/L (n=84), CLSI 0.38 mg/L (n=145)), C. auris (GM-EUCAST 0.46 mg/L (n=20), CLSI 0.31 mg/L (n=22)). In filamentous fungi, lowest MICs were found for Aspergillus fumigatus (GM-EUCAST 0.62 mg/L (n=77), CLSI 0.65 mg/L (n=124)), and A. niger (GM-EUCAST 0.25 mg/L (n=72) , CLSI 0.32 mg/L (n=85)), while for other Aspergillus species, there was a higher variability in the MICs (A. flavus, GM-EUCAST 1.2 mg/L (n=71), CLSI 1.75 mg/L (n=76); A. terreus GM-EUCAST 1.7 mg/L (n=65), CLSI 1.04 mg/L (n=71); A. nidulans GM-EUCAST 1.38 mg/L (n=39), CLSI 0.73 mg/L (n=39)). For other genera from filamentous fungi, L-AmB had a strong activity (GM around 0.2-0.5 mg/L for both methods, including Talaromyces marneffei, Rhizopus arrhizus and R. microscoporus, Lichtheimia corymbifera, Mucor circinelloides). The less susceptible species corresponded to multi-resistant (MDR) species, such as Lomentospora prolificans and Cunninghamella bertholletiae.
Conclusion
The L-AmB component of AmBisome showed activity against most contemporary human fungal pathogens and only showed limited activity against some MDR mould species.
Disclosures
Oscar Zaragoza, Principal Investigator, Gilead: Grant/Research Support Teresa Merino-Amador, n/a, Gilead: Grant/Research Support Cristina de Armentia, n/a, Gilead: Grant/Research Support Cornelia Lass-Flörl, PhD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support Jochem B. Buil, PhD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support Paul E. Verweij, PhD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support Patrick C. Y. Woo, PhD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support Chi-Ching Tsang, PhD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support P. Lewis White, PhD, Associates of Cape Cod: Honoraria|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|IMMY: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria Jessica Price, PhD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support Carolyn Grimes, PhD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support Alessandro C. Pasqualotto, PhD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support Manuel Cuenca-Estrella, PhD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jochem B Buil
- Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, Gelderland , Netherlands
| | - Paul E Verweij
- Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, Gelderland , Netherlands
| | | | | | - P Lewis White
- University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff, Wales , United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Price
- University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff, Wales , United Kingdom
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11
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Chan CM, Tse H, Wong SSY, Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Chen L, Zheng BJ, Huang JD, Yuen KY. Corrigendum to "Examination of seroprevalence of coronavirus HKU1 infection with S protein-based ELISA and neutralization assay against viral spike pseudotyped virus" Journal of Clinical Virology 45 (2009) 54-60. J Clin Virol 2022; 157:105295. [PMID: 36307272 PMCID: PMC9597574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong; Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Herman Tse
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong; Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - S S Y Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong; Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - P C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong; Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - S K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong; Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - L Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - B J Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong; Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - J D Huang
- Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K Y Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong; Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China.
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12
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Teng JLL, Ma Y, Chen JHK, Luo R, Foo CH, Li TT, Fong JYH, Yao W, Wong SSY, Fung KSC, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Streptococcus oriscaviae sp. nov. Infection Associated with Guinea Pigs. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0001422. [PMID: 35510851 PMCID: PMC9241640 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00014-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pet bite-related infections are commonly caused by the pet's oral flora transmitted to the animal handlers through the bite wounds. In this study, we isolated a streptococcus, HKU75T, in pure culture from the purulent discharge collected from a guinea pig bite wound in a previously healthy young patient. HKU75T was alpha-hemolytic on sheep blood agar and agglutinated with Lancefield group D and group G antisera. API 20 STREP showed that the most likely identity for HKU75T was S. suis I with 85.4% confidence while Vitek 2 showed that HKU75T was unidentifiable. MALDI-TOF MS identified HKU75T as Streptococcus suis (score of 1.86 only). 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that HKU75T was most closely related to S. parasuis (98.3% nucleotide identity), whereas partial groEL and rpoB gene sequencing showed that it was most closely related to S. suis (81.8% and 89.8% nucleotide identity respectively). Whole genome sequencing and intergenomic distance determined by ANI revealed that there was <85% identity between the genome of HKU75T and those of all other known Streptococcus species. Genome classification using concatenated sequences of 92 bacterial core genes showed that HKU75T belonged to the Suis group. groEL gene sequences identical to that of HKU75T could be directly amplified from the oral cavities of the two guinea pigs owned by the patient. HKU75T is a novel Streptococcus species, which we propose to be named S. oriscaviae. The oral cavity of guinea pigs is presumably a reservoir of S. oriscaviae. Some of the reported S. suis strains isolated from clinical specimens may be S. oriscaviae. IMPORTANCE We reported the discovery of a novel Streptococcus species, propose to be named Streptococcus oriscaviae, from the pus collected from a guinea pig bite wound in a healthy young patient. The bacterium was initially misidentified as S. suis/S. parasuis by biochemical tests, mass spectrometry. and housekeeping genes sequencing. Its novelty was confirmed by whole genome sequencing. Comparative genomic studies showed that S. oriscaviae belongs to the Suis group. S. oriscaviae sequences were detected in the oral cavities of the two guinea pigs owned by the patient, suggesting that the oral cavity of guinea pigs could be a reservoir of S. oriscaviae. Some of the reported S. suis strains may be S. oriscaviae. Further studies are warranted to refine our knowledge on this novel Streptococcus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade L. L. Teng
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanchao Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan H. K. Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruibang Luo
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuen-Hing Foo
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Tuen Li
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jordan Y. H. Fong
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiming Yao
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samson S. Y. Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kitty S. C. Fung
- Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susanna K. P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Wu X, Zhang J, Lan W, Quan L, Ou J, Zhao W, Wu J, Woo PCY, Seto D, Zhang Q. Molecular Typing and Rapid Identification of Human Adenoviruses Associated With Respiratory Diseases Using Universal PCR and Sequencing Primers for the Three Major Capsid Genes: Penton Base, Hexon, and Fiber. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:911694. [PMID: 35633710 PMCID: PMC9133664 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.911694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) within species B, C, and E are responsible for highly contagious and potentially severe respiratory disease infections. The traditional method to type these pathogens was based on virus neutralization and hemagglutination assays, which are both time-consuming and difficult, particularly due to the nonavailability of reagents. Subsequent molecular typing based on the partial characterization of the hexon gene and/or the restriction enzyme analysis (REA) of the genomes is inadequate, particularly in identifying recombinants. Here, a rapid, simple, and cost-effective method for molecular typing HAdV respiratory pathogens is presented. This incorporates three pairs of universal PCR primers that target the variable regions of the three major capsid genes, i.e., hexon, penton base, and fiber genes, that span the genome. The protocol enables typing and characterization of genotypes within species B, C, and E, as well as of some genotypes within species D and F. To validate this method, we surveyed 100 children with HAdV-associated acute respiratory infections identified by direct immunofluorescence (Hong Kong; July through October, 2014). Throat swab specimens were collected and analyzed by PCR amplification and sequencing; these sequences were characterized by BLAST. HAdVs were detected in 98 out of 100 (98%) samples, distributing as follows: 74 HAdV-B3 (74%); 10 HAdV-E4 (10%); 7 HAdV-C2 (7%); 2 HAdV-C6 (2%); 1 HAdV-B7 (1%); 1 HAdV-C1 (1%); 2 co-infection (2%); and 1 novel recombinant (1%). This study is the first detailed molecular epidemiological survey of HAdVs in Hong Kong. The developed method allows for the rapid identification of HAdV respiratory pathogens, including recombinants, and bypasses the need for whole genome sequencing for real-time surveillance of circulating adenovirus strains in outbreaks and populations by clinical virologists, public health officials, and epidemiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wu
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendong Lan
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Quan
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxian Ou
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Donald Seto
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
- Donald Seto,
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiwei Zhang,
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14
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Xing F, Lo SKF, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Listeriosis in a Metropolitan Hospital: Is Targeted Therapy a Risk Factor for Infection? Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:888038. [PMID: 35572995 PMCID: PMC9100811 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.888038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies are widely used for treatment of autoimmune diseases as well as solid organ and hematological malignancies. Various opportunistic infections have been described in patients on targeted therapies. Although case reports or a few case series of listeriosis have been reported to be associated with targeted therapy, most of the cases were related to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α monoclonal antibody. In this study, we describe the epidemiological and clinical profiles of listeriosis in a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen, a Southern Chinese metropolitan city in China. During the 9-year-and-6-month study period, a total of five cases of listeriosis were recorded and all of them had Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia. All five patients had predisposing factors, including corticosteroid (n = 3), targeted therapy (n = 2), pregnancy (n = 2) and anti-interferon gamma autoantibody (n = 1). The two patients who had targeted therapy during their course of cancer treatment received inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) pathway. The first one was a 52-year-old woman with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung. She was given gefitinib (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor), osimertinib (third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and afatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can bind to EGFR, HER2 and HER4). The second one was a 40-year-old woman with carcinoma of the breast with brain metastasis. She was given trastuzumab (anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody) and lapatinib (dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the EGFR/HER2 pathway). These two patients represent the second and third reports of listeria infections associated with EGFR/HER2 pathway inhibitors in the literature. Targeted therapy is an important predisposing factor for listeriosis. Listeria infection is an important differential diagnosis in patients on targeted therapy who present with sepsis and/or central nervous system infection, and the use of antibiotic regimens that cover listeria is crucial for empirical treatment. Avoidance of high-risk food items in these patients is important for the prevention of listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Xing
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Simon K. F. Lo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Susanna K. P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Karlowsky JA, Lob SH, Khan A, Chen WT, Woo PCY, Seto WH, Ip M, Leung S, Wong QWL, Chau RWY, DeRyke CA, Young K, Motyl MR, Sahm DF. Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against Gram-negative isolates among different infections in Hong Kong: SMART 2017-2019. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35451945 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Ceftolozane/tazobactam was approved by the Drug Office, Department of Health, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 2017.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Currently the in vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against Gram-negative pathogens isolated from patients in Hong Kong is undocumented. It would be prudent to document the activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales isolated from hospitalized patients in Hong Kong.Aim. To describe the in vitro susceptibility of recent clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and the two most common Enterobacterales species (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli) cultured from respiratory tract, intra-abdominal, urinary tract and bloodstream infection samples to ceftolozane/tazobactam and other commonly used antimicrobial agents.Methodology. CLSI-defined broth microdilution MICs were determined and interpreted for Gram-negative isolates collected in Hong Kong from 2017 to 2019 by the SMART surveillance programme.Results. For P. aeruginosa, 96.7 % of isolates (n=210) were susceptible to ceftolozane/tazobactam, while susceptibility rates were ≥14 % lower to meropenem (82.9 % susceptible), cefepime (82.4 %), ceftazidime (81.4 %), piperacillin/tazobactam (76.7 %) and levofloxacin (79.5 %). Ceftolozane/tazobactam inhibited 85.7 % of piperacillin/tazobactam-nonsusceptible isolates, 80.6-82.1 % of cefepime-, ceftazidime- or meropenem-nonsusceptible isolates, and 75.9 % of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates of P. aeruginosa. For K. pneumoniae, 96.1 % of isolates (n=308) were susceptible to ceftolozane/tazobactam compared with meropenem (99.0 % susceptible), piperacillin/tazobactam (93.8 %), cefepime (85.7 %) and ceftazidime (85.4 %). The majority (88.3 %) of ESBL (extended-spectrum β-lactamase) non-CRE (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales) phenotype isolates of K. pneumoniae were susceptible to ceftolozane/tazobactam, comparable to piperacillin/tazobactam (85.0 %) but lower than meropenem (100 %). For E. coli, 98.5 % of isolates (n=609) were susceptible to ceftolozane/tazobactam compared to meropenem (99.3 % susceptible), piperacillin/tazobactam (96.7 %), ceftazidime (82.3 %) and cefepime (76.5 %). The majority (96.7 %) of ESBL non-CRE phenotype isolates of E. coli were susceptible to ceftolozane/tazobactam, similar to both meropenem (100 %) and piperacillin/tazobactam (94.5 %).Conclusions. Overall, >96 % of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and E. coli collected in Hong Kong in 2017-2019 were susceptible to ceftolozane/tazobactam, while the activity of several commonly prescribed β-lactams was reduced, especially for P. aeruginosa. Continued surveillance of ceftolozane/tazobactam and other agents is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Karlowsky
- IHMA, Schaumburg, IL, 60173, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | | | - Aaron Khan
- Global Medical & Scientific Affairs, MSD (Asia) Ltd., Hong Kong
| | | | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Hong Seto
- School of Public Health, WHO Collaborating Centre, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stanley Leung
- Clinical Laboratories and Pathology, Hong Kong Adventist Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - Rene W Y Chau
- Global Medical & Scientific Affairs, MSD (Asia) Ltd., Hong Kong
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16
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Xing F, Ye H, Deng C, Sun L, Yuan Y, Lu Q, Yang J, Lo SKF, Zhang R, Chen JHK, Chan JFW, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Diverse and atypical manifestations of Q fever in a metropolitan city hospital: Emerging role of next-generation sequencing for laboratory diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010364. [PMID: 35442979 PMCID: PMC9060374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Q fever has been widely reported in the rural areas of China, there is a paucity of data on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of this disease in large metropolitan cities. In this study, we profile the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of Q fever from a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen, a Southern Chinese metropolitan city with a large immigrant population from other parts of China. A total of 14 patients were confirmed to have Q fever during a nine-year-and-six-month period, five of whom were retrospectively diagnosed during case review or incidentally picked up because of another research project on unexplained fever without localizing features. Some patients had the typical exposure histories and clinical features, while a few other patients had rare manifestations of Q fever, including one with heart failure and diffuse intracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis, a patient presenting with a spontaneous bacterial peritonitis-like syndrome, and another one with concomitant Q fever and brucellosis. Using a combination of clinical manifestation, inflammatory marker levels, echocardiographic findings and serological or molecular test results, nine, three and two patients were diagnosed to have acute, chronic and convalescent Q fever, respectively. Seven, five and two patients were diagnosed to have Q fever by serological test, nested real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing respectively. Diverse and atypical manifestations are associated with Q fever. The incidence of Q fever is likely to be underestimated. Next-generation sequencing is becoming an important diagnostic modality for culture-negative infections, particularly those that the physicians fail to recognize clinically, such as Q fever. We describe the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of Q fever from a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen, a Southern Chinese metropolitan city in China. A total of 14 patients were confirmed to have Q fever during this study period. Notably, five of them were retrospectively diagnosed during case review or incidentally picked up because of another research project on patients with unexplained fever. Interestingly, some patients had rare manifestations of Q fever, such as heart failure and diffuse intracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. One patient had concomitant Q fever and brucellosis. Half of the patients were diagnosed by traditional serological test, while the other half by PCR or next-generation sequencing. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion of Q fever because of its diverse and atypical manifestations. The incidence of Q fever is likely to be underestimated. Next-generation sequencing is becoming increasingly important for diagnosis of culture-negative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Xing
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Ye
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaowen Deng
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfei Yuan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianyun Lu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Simon K. F. Lo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Jasper F. W. Chan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susanna K. P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail: (SKPL); (PCYW)
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail: (SKPL); (PCYW)
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17
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Xing F, Lo SKF, Ma Y, Ip JD, Chan WM, Zhou M, Gong M, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Rapid Diagnosis of Mycobacterium marinum Infection by Next-Generation Sequencing: A Case Report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:824122. [PMID: 35187006 PMCID: PMC8854760 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.824122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first report of histology- and culture-proven Mycobacterium marinum infection diagnosed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). It took <2 days to make a microbiological diagnosis using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies' MinION device, compared to 20 days for the mycobacterium to be isolated from the tissue biopsy. NGS is particularly useful for culture-negative and slow-growing microorganism infections, such as mycobacterial, fungal and partially treated pyogenic bacterial infections. Due to its low equipment cost, short turn-around-time and portable size, the Oxford Nanopore Technologies' MinION device is a useful platform for NGS in routine clinical microbiology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Xing
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Simon K. F. Lo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanchao Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jonathan Daniel Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wan-Mui Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meixun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miaozi Gong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Susanna K. P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Patrick C. Y. Woo
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18
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Young A, Isaacs A, Scott CAP, Modhiran N, McMillan CLD, Cheung STM, Barr J, Marsh G, Thakur N, Bailey D, Li KSM, Luk HKH, Kok KH, Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Furuyama W, Marzi A, Young PR, Chappell KJ, Watterson D. A platform technology for generating subunit vaccines against diverse viral pathogens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963023. [PMID: 36059532 PMCID: PMC9436389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic response has shown how vaccine platform technologies can be used to rapidly and effectively counteract a novel emerging infectious disease. The speed of development for mRNA and vector-based vaccines outpaced those of subunit vaccines, however, subunit vaccines can offer advantages in terms of safety and stability. Here we describe a subunit vaccine platform technology, the molecular clamp, in application to four viruses from divergent taxonomic families: Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Ebola virus (EBOV), Lassa virus (LASV) and Nipah virus (NiV). The clamp streamlines subunit antigen production by both stabilising the immunologically important prefusion epitopes of trimeric viral fusion proteins while enabling purification without target-specific reagents by acting as an affinity tag. Conformations for each viral antigen were confirmed by monoclonal antibody binding, size exclusion chromatography and electron microscopy. Notably, all four antigens tested remained stable over four weeks of incubation at 40°C. Of the four vaccines tested, a neutralising immune response was stimulated by clamp stabilised MERS-CoV spike, EBOV glycoprotein and NiV fusion protein. Only the clamp stabilised LASV glycoprotein precursor failed to elicit virus neutralising antibodies. MERS-CoV and EBOV vaccine candidates were both tested in animal models and found to provide protection against viral challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Connor A P Scott
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer Barr
- CSIRO, Health and Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn Marsh
- CSIRO, Health and Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nazia Thakur
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom.,Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kenneth S M Li
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hayes K H Luk
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin-Hang Kok
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wakako Furuyama
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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19
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Wernery U, Chan E, Raghavan R, Teng JLL, Syriac G, Siu SY, Joseph M, Yeung ML, Jia L, Cai JP, Chiu TH, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Development of a sensitive competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of Burkholderia mallei, a Tier 1 select agent. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0010007. [PMID: 34932554 PMCID: PMC8691619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glanders is a highly contagious and potentially serious disease caused by Burkholderia mallei, a Tier 1 select agent. In this study, we raised a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of B. mallei and developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for B. mallei infection. Using the titrated optimal conditions of B. mallei-LPS (2 ng) for microtiter plate coating, sample serum dilution at 1:20 and 3.5 ng/μL anti-LPS mAb B5, the cutoff value of the cELISA was determined using serum samples from 136 glanders-free seronegative horses in Hong Kong. All calculated percentage inhibition (PI) values from these seronegative samples were below 39.6% inhibition (1.5 standard deviations above mean PI) and was used as the cutoff value. The diagnostic sensitivity of the developed LPS-based cELISA was first evaluated using sera from donkeys and mice inoculated with B. mallei. An increasing trend of PI values above the defined cELISA cutoff observed in the donkey and mouse sera suggested positive detection of anti-LPS antibodies. The sensitivity and specificity of the LPS-based cELISA was further evaluated using 31 serologically positive horse sera from glanders outbreaks in Bahrain and Kuwait, of which 30 were tested positive by the cELISA; and 21 seronegative horse sera and 20 seronegative donkey sera from Dubai, of which all were tested negative by the cELISA. A cELISA with high sensitivity (97.2%) and specificity (100%) for the detection of B. mallei antibodies in different animals was developed. Glanders is a highly contagious and life-threatening disease caused by Burkholderia mallei, a Tier 1 select agent, with no available vaccine. The disease is endemic in the Middle East, Asia, Africa and South America with sporadic outbreaks and mainly occurs in horses, donkeys and mules, although it has also been reported in camels, tigers, lions, and even humans. As the bacterium is not easily isolated from clinical specimens and correct identification based on clinical signs is difficult, it is thus important to develop serological tests which can quickly diagnose B. mallei infection. In this study, we generated a monoclonal antibody against B. mallei lipopolysaccharide and used it to develop a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for the serodiagnosis of B. mallei infection. The developed cELISA was optimized and evaluated using glanders-free and glanders-positive horses, donkeys and mice from Hong Kong and the Middle East, and was shown to be highly sensitive and specific for the detection of glanders in different animals. A simple and inexpensive test to allow for the early detection and diagnosis of suspected clinical cases as well as the screening of apparently asymptomatic animals will be helpful in controlling the spread and elimination of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wernery
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- * E-mail: (UW); (PCYW)
| | - Elaine Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rekha Raghavan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jade L. L. Teng
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ginu Syriac
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sing-Yung Siu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Marina Joseph
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Man-Lung Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lilong Jia
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz-Ho Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K. P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- * E-mail: (UW); (PCYW)
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20
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Ma H, Chan JFW, Tan YP, Kui L, Tsang CC, Pei SLC, Lau YL, Woo PCY, Lee PP. NLRP3 Inflammasome Contributes to Host Defense Against Talaromyces marneffei Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:760095. [PMID: 34912336 PMCID: PMC8666893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Talaromyce marneffei is an important thermally dimorphic pathogen causing disseminated mycoses in immunocompromised individuals in southeast Asia. Previous studies have suggested that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in antifungal immunity. However, the mechanism underlying the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in host defense against T. marneffei remains unclear. We show that T. marneffei yeasts but not conidia induce potent IL-1β production. The IL-1β response to T. marneffei yeasts is differently regulated in different cell types; T. marneffei yeasts alone are able to induce IL-1β production in human PBMCs and monocytes, whereas LPS priming is essential for IL-1β response to yeasts. We also find that Dectin-1/Syk signaling pathway mediates pro-IL-1β production, and NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1 inflammasome is assembled to trigger the processing of pro-IL-1β into IL-1β. In vivo, mice deficient in NLRP3 or caspase-1 exhibit higher mortality rate and fungal load compared to wild-type mice after systemic T. marneffei infection, which correlates with the diminished recruitment of CD4 T cells into granulomas in knockout mice. Thus, our study first demonstrates that NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to host defense against T. marneffei infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ma
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jasper F. W. Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yen Pei Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Kui
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Steven L. C. Pei
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu-Lung Lau
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pamela P. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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21
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Chan OSK, Bradley KCF, Grioni A, Lau SKP, Li WT, Magouras I, Naing T, Padula A, To EMW, Tun HM, Tutt C, Woo PCY, Bloch R, Mauroo NF. Veterinary Experiences can Inform One Health Strategies for Animal Coronaviruses. Ecohealth 2021; 18:301-314. [PMID: 34542794 PMCID: PMC8450722 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S K Chan
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Patrick Manson Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Katriona C F Bradley
- Tai Wai Small Animal and Exotic Hospital, G/F, Lap Wo Building, 69-75 Chik Shun St, Tai Wai, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Alessandro Grioni
- Fauna Conservation Department, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Room 26, 19/F, Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wen-Ta Li
- Department of Pathology, Pangolin International Biomedical Consultant Ltd., Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ioannis Magouras
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Tint Naing
- Soares Avenue Paws and Claws Clinic, G/F No 29 - 33 Soares Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Andrew Padula
- Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Esther M W To
- Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Room 509, Cheung Sha Wan Government Offices, 303 Cheung Sha Wan Road, Sham Shui Po, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hein Min Tun
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Patrick Manson Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Cedric Tutt
- Cape Animal Dentistry Service, 78 Rosmead Avenue, Kenilworth, Cape Town, 7708, South Africa
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Room 26, 19/F, Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rebecca Bloch
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nathalie F Mauroo
- Hong Kong Wildlife Health Foundation, GPO Box 12585, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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22
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Tsang CC, Chan KF, Chan W, Chan JFW, Au-Yeung RKH, Ngan AHY, Lin KPK, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Hepatic phaeohyphomycosis due to a novel dematiaceous fungus, Pleurostoma hongkongense sp. nov., and importance of antifungal susceptibility testing. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:81-96. [PMID: 33337289 PMCID: PMC7832536 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1866955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Pleurostoma species are wood-inhabiting fungi and emerging opportunistic pathogens causing phaeohyphomycosis. In this study, we isolated a dematiaceous fungus, HKU44T, from the subhepatic abscess pus and drain fluids of a liver transplant recipient with post-transplant biliary and hepatico-jejunostomy bypass strictures. Histology of the abscess wall biopsy showed abundant fungal hyphae. The patient survived after a second liver transplant and antifungal therapy. On SDA, HKU44T grew initially as white powdery colonies which turned beige upon maturation. Hyphae were septate and hyaline. Phialides were monophialidic and laterally located, generally closely associated to a cluster of conidia which were usually reniform. Phylogenetic analyses showed that HKU44T is most closely related to, but distinct from, Pleurostoma ootheca and Pleurostoma repens. These suggested that HKU44T is a novel Pleurostoma species, for which the name Pleurostoma hongkongense sp. nov. is proposed. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that Pleurostoma species possessed high MICs/MECs for fluconazole, 5-flucytosine and the echinocandins; whereas they exhibited a high strain-to-strain variability to the susceptibilities to the other triazoles. As for amphotericin B, ∼65% of the Pleurostoma strains had low MICs (≤1 µg/mL). DNA sequencing should be performed to accurately identify fungi with Pleurostoma/Phialophora-like morphologies, so is antifungal susceptibility testing for patients with Pleurostoma infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Fai Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Walton Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Rex K H Au-Yeung
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Antonio H Y Ngan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ken P K Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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23
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Tsang CC, Teng JLL, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Rapid Genomic Diagnosis of Fungal Infections in the Age of Next-Generation Sequencing. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080636. [PMID: 34436175 PMCID: PMC8398552 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have recently developed beyond the research realm and started to mature into clinical applications. Here, we review the current use of NGS for laboratory diagnosis of fungal infections. Since the first reported case in 2014, >300 cases of fungal infections diagnosed by NGS were described. Pneumocystis jirovecii is the predominant fungus reported, constituting ~25% of the fungi detected. In ~12.5% of the cases, more than one fungus was detected by NGS. For P. jirovecii infections diagnosed by NGS, all 91 patients suffered from pneumonia and only 1 was HIV-positive. This is very different from the general epidemiology of P. jirovecii infections, of which HIV infection is the most important risk factor. The epidemiology of Talaromyces marneffei infection diagnosed by NGS is also different from its general epidemiology, in that only 3/11 patients were HIV-positive. The major advantage of using NGS for laboratory diagnosis is that it can pick up all pathogens, particularly when initial microbiological investigations are unfruitful. When the cost of NGS is further reduced, expertise more widely available and other obstacles overcome, NGS would be a useful tool for laboratory diagnosis of fungal infections, particularly for difficult-to-grow fungi and cases with low fungal loads.
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24
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Hoenigl M, Salmanton-García J, Walsh TJ, Nucci M, Neoh CF, Jenks JD, Lackner M, Sprute R, Al-Hatmi AMS, Bassetti M, Carlesse F, Freiberger T, Koehler P, Lehrnbecher T, Kumar A, Prattes J, Richardson M, Revankar S, Slavin MA, Stemler J, Spiess B, Taj-Aldeen SJ, Warris A, Woo PCY, Young JAH, Albus K, Arenz D, Arsic-Arsenijevic V, Bouchara JP, Chinniah TR, Chowdhary A, de Hoog GS, Dimopoulos G, Duarte RF, Hamal P, Meis JF, Mfinanga S, Queiroz-Telles F, Patterson TF, Rahav G, Rogers TR, Rotstein C, Wahyuningsih R, Seidel D, Cornely OA. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare mould infections: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology and the American Society for Microbiology. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; 21:e246-e257. [PMID: 33606997 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With increasing numbers of patients needing intensive care or who are immunosuppressed, infections caused by moulds other than Aspergillus spp or Mucorales are increasing. Although antifungal prophylaxis has shown effectiveness in preventing many invasive fungal infections, selective pressure has caused an increase of breakthrough infections caused by Fusarium, Lomentospora, and Scedosporium species, as well as by dematiaceous moulds, Rasamsonia, Schizophyllum, Scopulariopsis, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Talaromyces and Purpureocillium species. Guidance on the complex multidisciplinary management of infections caused by these pathogens has the potential to improve prognosis. Management routes depend on the availability of diagnostic and therapeutic options. The present recommendations are part of the One World-One Guideline initiative to incorporate regional differences in the epidemiology and management of rare mould infections. Experts from 24 countries contributed their knowledge and analysed published evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of rare mould infections. This consensus document intends to provide practical guidance in clinical decision making by engaging physicians and scientists involved in various aspects of clinical management. Moreover, we identify areas of uncertainty and constraints in optimising this management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hoenigl
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Clinical and Translational Fungal Research Working Group, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; European Confederation of Medical Mycology Council, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jon Salmanton-García
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcio Nucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Chin Fen Neoh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Collaborative Drug Discovery Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jeffrey D Jenks
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Clinical and Translational Fungal Research Working Group, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michaela Lackner
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Publics Health, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosanne Sprute
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi
- Department of Microbiology, Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Division of Infections Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabianne Carlesse
- Department of Pediatrics, and Pediatric Oncology Institute IOP-GRAACC-UNIFESP, Federal Univeristy of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tomas Freiberger
- Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philipp Koehler
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Juergen Prattes
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Malcolm Richardson
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sanjay Revankar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Monica A Slavin
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jannik Stemler
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Spiess
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Saad J Taj-Aldeen
- Department of Laboratory Medicne and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adilia Warris
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kerstin Albus
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dorothee Arenz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Arsic-Arsenijevic
- National Reference Laboratory for Medical Mycology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; European Confederation of Medical Mycology Council, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group, and Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Angers University Hospital, Angers University, Angers, France
| | | | - Anuradha Chowdhary
- Department of Medical Mycology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center-Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - George Dimopoulos
- Critical Care Department, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Rafael F Duarte
- University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Petr Hamal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; European Confederation of Medical Mycology Council, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center-Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center-Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands; European Confederation of Medical Mycology Council, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sayoki Mfinanga
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania; Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Flavio Queiroz-Telles
- Department of Public Health, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Thomas F Patterson
- UT Health San Antonio and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Galia Rahav
- Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Thomas R Rogers
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Coleman Rotstein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Retno Wahyuningsih
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Danila Seidel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver A Cornely
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Clinical Trials Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany; European Confederation of Medical Mycology Council, Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Thu NTM, Chan JFW, Ly VT, Ngo HT, Hien HTA, Lan NPH, Chau NVV, Cai JP, Woo PCY, Day JN, van Doorn R, Thwaites G, Perfect J, Yuen K, Le T. Superiority of a Novel Mp1p Antigen Detection Enzyme Immunoassay Compared to Standard BACTEC Blood Culture in the Diagnosis of Talaromycosis. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e330-e336. [PMID: 32564074 PMCID: PMC8282318 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Talaromycosis is an invasive mycosis endemic in Southeast Asia and causes substantial morbidity and mortality in individuals with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Current diagnosis relies on isolating Talaromyces marneffei in cultures, which takes up to 14 days and is detectable only during late-stage infection, leading to high mortality. METHODS In this retrospective case-control study, we assessed the accuracy of a novel Mp1p antigen-detecting enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in stored plasma samples of 372 patients who had culture-proven talaromycosis from blood or sterile body fluids (reference standard) and 517 individuals without talaromycosis (338 healthy volunteers; 179 with other infections). All participants were recruited between 2011 and 2017 in Vietnam. RESULTS Of cases and controls, 66.1% and 75.4%, respectively, were male; the median age was 33 and 37, respectively. All cases were HIV infected; median CD4 count was 10 cells/μL. At an optical density cutoff of 0.5, the specificity was 98.1% (95% CI, 96.3%-99.0%); the sensitivity was superior to blood culture (86.3% [95% CI, 82.3%-89.5%] vs 72.8% [95% CI, 68.0%-77.2%]) (P < .001, McNemar test). The time to diagnosis was 6 hours vs 6.6 ± 3.0 days for blood culture. Paired plasma and urine testing in the same patients (n = 269) significantly increased sensitivity compared to testing plasma alone or testing urine alone (P < .001 and P = .02, respectively, McNemar test). CONCLUSIONS The Mp1p EIA is highly specific and is superior in sensitivity and time to diagnosis compared to blood culture for the diagnosis of talaromycosis. Paired plasma and urine testing further increases sensitivity, introducing a new tool for rapid diagnosis, enabling early treatment and potentially reducing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T M Thu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Hainan Medical University–University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Vo Trieu Ly
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoa T Ngo
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ha T A Hien
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen P H Lan
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Jian-Piao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jeremy N Day
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rogier van Doorn
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Perfect
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kwok Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Hainan Medical University–University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Thuy Le
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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26
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Xu Z, Li Y, Cao H, Si M, Zhang G, Woo PCY, Yan A. A transferrable and integrative type I-F Cascade for heterologous genome editing and transcription modulation. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:e94. [PMID: 34157103 PMCID: PMC8450077 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Class 1 type I CRISPR–Cas systems represent the most abundant and diverse CRISPR systems in nature. However, their applications for generic genome editing have been hindered due to difficulties of introducing the class-specific, multi-component effectors (Cascade) in heterologous hosts for functioning. Here we established a transferrable Cascade system that enables stable integration and expression of a highly active type I-F Cascade in heterologous bacterial hosts for various genetic exploitations. Using the genetically recalcitrant Pseudomonas species as a paradigm, we show that the transferred Cascade displayed substantially higher DNA interference activity and greater editing capacity than both the integrative and plasmid-borne Cas9 systems, and enabled deletion of large fragments such as the 21-kb integrated cassette with efficiency and simplicity. An advanced I-F-λred system was further developed to enable editing in genotypes with poor homologous recombination capacity, clinical isolates lacking sequence information, and cells containing anti-CRISPR elements Acrs. Lastly, an ‘all-in-one’ I-F Cascade-mediated CRISPRi platform was developed for transcription modulation by simultaneous introduction of the Cascade and the programmed mini-CRISPR array in one-step. This study provides a framework for expanding the diverse type I Cascades for widespread, heterologous genome editing and establishment of editing techniques in ‘non-model’ bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeling Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanran Li
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huiluo Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meiru Si
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Biological Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aixin Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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27
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Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Zheng BJ. Molecular diversity and evolution of bat group C betacoronaviruses: origin of the novel human group C betacoronavirus (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J 2021; 27 Suppl 2:23-27. [PMID: 34075887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong
| | - P C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong
| | - B J Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong
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28
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Lau SKP, He Z, Tsang CC, Chan TTY, Luk HKH, Chan E, Li KSM, Fung J, Chow FWN, Tam AR, Chung TWH, Wong SCY, Que TL, Fung KSC, Lung DC, Wu AKL, Hung IFN, Teng JLL, Wernery U, Hui SW, Martelli P, Woo PCY. A Sensitive and Specific Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serodiagnosis of COVID-19 in Animals. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1019. [PMID: 34068581 PMCID: PMC8150753 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to human cases, cases of COVID-19 in captive animals and pets are increasingly reported. This raises the concern for two-way COVID-19 transmission between humans and animals. Here, we developed a SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for serodiagnosis of COVID-19 which can theoretically be used in virtually all kinds of animals. We used 187 serum samples from patients with/without COVID-19, laboratory animals immunized with inactive SARS-CoV-2 virions, COVID-19-negative animals, and animals seropositive to other betacoronaviruses. A cut-off percent inhibition value of 22.345% was determined and the analytical sensitivity and specificity were found to be 1:64-1:256 and 93.9%, respectively. Evaluation on its diagnostic performance using 155 serum samples from COVID-19-negative animals and COVID-19 human patients showed a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 80.8% and 100%, respectively. The cELISA can be incorporated into routine blood testing of farmed/captive animals for COVID-19 surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K. P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Zirong He
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Tony T. Y. Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Hayes K. H. Luk
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Elaine Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Kenneth S. M. Li
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Joshua Fung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Franklin W. N. Chow
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Anthony R. Tam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong;
| | - Tom W. H. Chung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Sally C. Y. Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King’s Park, Hong Kong; (S.C.Y.W.); (D.C.L.)
| | - Tak-Lun Que
- Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong;
| | - Kitty S. C. Fung
- Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong;
| | - David C. Lung
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King’s Park, Hong Kong; (S.C.Y.W.); (D.C.L.)
| | - Alan K. L. Wu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong;
| | - Ivan F. N. Hung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong;
| | - Jade L. L. Teng
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Ulrich Wernery
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 597, Dubai, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Suk-Wai Hui
- Ocean Park Corporation, Aberdeen, Hong Kong; (S.-W.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Martelli
- Ocean Park Corporation, Aberdeen, Hong Kong; (S.-W.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
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29
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Teng JLL, Fok KMN, Lin KPK, Chan E, Ma Y, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Substantial decline in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) during COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:335-338. [PMID: 33907808 PMCID: PMC8135303 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with other countries, a more substantial decrease in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease was observed in Hong Kong, which is most likely attributable to the proactive mass adoption of face masks by the public. Human behavioral changes, particularly mask wearing, should be considered as an additional preventive strategy against invasive pneumococcal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade L L Teng
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenny M N Fok
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ken P K Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elaine Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanchao Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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30
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Teng JLL, Luo R, Tang BSF, Fong JYH, Wang L, Jia L, Wong CKS, Chan E, Leung AWS, Siu GKH, Chiu TH, Fung AMY, Wu AKL, Yeung ML, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. High Prevalence and Mechanism Associated With Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Positive Phenotype in Laribacter hongkongensis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:618894. [PMID: 33633706 PMCID: PMC7902055 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.618894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we reported the prevalence and mechanism associated with the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive phenotype in Laribacter hongkongensis isolated from patients and fish. Using the inhibition zone enhancement test, 20 (95.2%) of the 21 patient strains and 8 (57.1%) of the 14 fish strains were tested ESBL-positive. However, ESBL genes, including SHV, TEM, CTX-M, GES, and PER, were not detected in all of these 28 L. hongkongensis isolates. No ESBL gene could be detected in either the complete genome of L. hongkongensis HLHK9 or the draft genome of PW3643. PCR and DNA sequencing revealed that all the 35 L. hongkongensis isolates (showing both ESBL-positive and ESBL-negative phenotypes) were positive for the ampC gene. When the AmpC deletion mutant, HLHK9ΔampC, was subject to the zone enhancement test, the difference of zone size between ceftazidime/clavulanate and ceftazidime was less than 5 mm. When boronic acid was added to the antibiotic disks, none of the 28 “ESBL-positive” isolates showed a ≥ 5 mm enhancement of inhibition zone size diameter between ceftazidime/clavulanate and ceftazidime and between cefotaxime/clavulanate and cefotaxime. A high prevalence (80%) of ESBL-positive phenotype is present in L. hongkongensis. Overall, our results suggested that the ESBL-positive phenotype in L. hongkongensis results from the expression of the intrinsic AmpC beta-lactamase. Confirmatory tests should be performed before issuing laboratory reports for L. hongkongensis isolates that are tested ESBL-positive by disk diffusion clavulanate inhibition test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade L L Teng
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruibang Luo
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bone S F Tang
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jordan Y H Fong
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lilong Jia
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chloe K S Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elaine Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy W S Leung
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gilman K H Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz-Ho Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ami M Y Fung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alan K L Wu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Lung Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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31
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Tsang CC, Tang JYM, Ye H, Xing F, Lo SKF, Xiao C, Han L, Wu AKL, Ngan AHY, Law KC, To YN, Sze DTT, Chim OHY, Hui TWS, Leung CWH, Zhu T, Yao C, Tse BPH, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Rare/cryptic Aspergillus species infections and importance of antifungal susceptibility testing. Mycoses 2020; 63:1283-1298. [PMID: 32918365 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of patients infected with Aspergillus rose dramatically in recent years. However, studies on the clinical spectrum and antifungal susceptibilities of non-classical (non-fumigatus, non-flavus, non-niger and non-terreus) pathogenic Aspergillus species are very limited. OBJECTIVES We examined the clinical spectrum and antifungal susceptibilities of 34 non-duplicated, non-classical Aspergillus isolates collected from Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Shanghai. METHODS The Aspergillus isolates were identified by internal transcribed spacer, partial BenA and partial CaM sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Susceptibility testing against eight antifungals was performed following the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing's methodology. RESULTS The 34 Aspergillus isolates were identified as 14 different rare/cryptic species of four sections (Flavi [n = 8], Nidulantes [n = 8], Nigri [n = 17] and Restricti [n = 1]). Except for one patient whose clinical history could not be retrieved, 72.7% of the remaining patients had underlying conditions predisposing them to Aspergillus infections. The most common diseases were pulmonary infections (n = 15), followed by skin/nail infections (n = 6), chronic otitis externa and/or media (n = 5), wound infections (n = 2) and mastoiditis/radionecrosis (n = 1), while three were colonisations. Five patients succumbed due to the infections during the admission, and another two died 5 years later because of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that they possessed different susceptibility profiles compared to the classical Aspergillus species. The majority of isolates characterised were sensitive or wild-type to amphotericin B. The minimum effective concentrations for all the three echinocandins were also low. CONCLUSION Susceptibility testing should be performed for infections due to these rare/cryptic Aspergillus species to guide proper patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - James Y M Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Haiyan Ye
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanfan Xing
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Simon K F Lo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenlu Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lizhong Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Alan K L Wu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - Antonio H Y Ngan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Cheung Law
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Ying-Nam To
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Dorothy T T Sze
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Oscar H Y Chim
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Teresa W S Hui
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Carl W H Leung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tianrenzheng Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Brian P H Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Abstract
The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is the second novel zoonotic disease infecting humans caused by coronavirus (CoV) in this century. To date, more than 2200 laboratory-confirmed human cases have been identified in 27 countries, and more than 800 MERS-CoV associated deaths have been reported since its outbreak in 2012. Rapid laboratory diagnosis of MERS-CoV is the key to successful containment and prevention of the spread of infection. Though the gold standard for diagnosing MERS-CoV infection in humans is still nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) of the up-E region, an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) could also be of use for early diagnosis in less developed locations. In the present method, a step-by-step guide to perform a MERS-CoV nucleocapsid protein (NP) capture ELISA using two NP-specific monoclonal antibodies is provided for readers to develop their in-house workflow or diagnostic kit for clinical use and for mass-screening project of animals (e.g., dromedaries and bats) to better understand the spread and evolution of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Fung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. .,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. .,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Martelli P, Teng JLL, Lee FK, Yeong KY, Fong JYH, Hui SW, Chan KH, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection in a Captive Giant Panda, Hong Kong. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 25:2303-2306. [PMID: 31742520 PMCID: PMC6874238 DOI: 10.3201/eid2512.191143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We report influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection in a captive giant panda in Hong Kong. The viral load peaked on day 1 and became undetectable on day 5, and an antibody response developed. Genome analysis showed 99.3%-99.9% nucleotide identity between the virus and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulating in Hong Kong.
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34
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Xing F, Li X, Lo SKF, Poon RWS, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Dirofilaria hongkongensis infection presenting as recurrent shoulder mass. Parasitol Int 2020; 77:102117. [PMID: 32234557 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In 2012, a novel canine Dirofilaria species, D. hongkongensis was identified in Hong Kong that caused human diseases and subsequently reported in an Austrian traveller returning from the Indian subcontinent. Here we present a case of human infection by D. hongkongensis manifested as recurrent shoulder mass. Diagnosis was achieved by cox1 gene sequencing of the excised specimen. The case illustrated that parasitic infection represents an important differential diagnosis for musculoskeletal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Xing
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, 518053 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon K F Lo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rosana W S Poon
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, 518053 Shenzhen, China; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, 518053 Shenzhen, China; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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35
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Simmonds P, Gorbalenya AE, Harvala H, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg AM, Oberste MS, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers KC, Woo PCY, Zell R. Correction to: Recommendations for the nomenclature of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1515. [PMID: 32206917 PMCID: PMC7225178 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - A E Gorbalenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H Harvala
- National Microbiology Service, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK
| | - T Hovi
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N J Knowles
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
| | - A M Lindberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - M S Oberste
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A C Palmenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Molecular Virology, Madison, WI, USA
| | - G Reuter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - T Skern
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K C Wolthers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - R Zell
- Division of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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36
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Teng JLL, Fong JYH, Fok KMN, Lee HH, Chiu TH, Tang Y, Ngan AHY, Wong SSY, Que TL, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Tsukamurella asaccharolytica sp. nov., Tsukamurella conjunctivitidis sp. nov. and Tsukamurella sputi sp. nov., isolated from patients with bacteraemia, conjunctivitis and respiratory infection in Hong Kong. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:995-1006. [PMID: 31738158 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three bacterial strains, HKU70T, HKU71T and HKU72T, were isolated from the conjunctival swab, blood and sputum samples of three patients with conjunctivitis, bacteraemia and respiratory infection, respectively, in Hong Kong. The three strains were aerobic, Gram-stain positive, catalase-positive, non-sporulating and non-motile bacilli and exhibited unique biochemical profiles distinguishable from currently recognized Tsukamurella species. 16S rRNA, secA, rpoB and groEL gene sequence analyses revealed that the three strains shared 99.6-99.9, 94.5-96.8, 95.7-97.8 and 97.7-98.9 % nucleotide identities with their corresponding closest Tsukamurella species respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization confirmed that they were distinct from other known species of the genus Tsukamurella (26.2±2.4 to 36.8±1.2 % DNA-DNA relatedness), in line with results of in silico genome-to-genome comparison (32.2-40.9 % Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator and 86.3-88.9 % average nucleotide identity values]. Fatty acids, mycolic acids, cell-wall sugars and peptidoglycan analyses showed that they were typical of members of Tsukamurella. The G+C content determined based on the genome sequence of strains HKU70T, HKU71T and HKU72T were 69.9, 70.2 and 70.5 mol%, respectively. Taken together, our results supported the proposition and description of three new species, i.e. Tsukamurella sputi HKU70T (=JCM 33387T=DSM 109106T) sp. nov., Tsukamurella asaccharolytica HKU71T (=JCM 33388T=DSM 109107T) sp. nov. and Tsukamurella conjunctivitidis HKU72T (=JCM 33389T=DSM 109108T) sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade L L Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jordan Y H Fong
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kenny M N Fok
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Hwei Huih Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Tsz Ho Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Antonio H Y Ngan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Samson S Y Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Tak-Lun Que
- Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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37
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Bunpa S, Chaichana N, Teng JLL, Lee HH, Woo PCY, Sermwittayawong D, Sawangjaroen N, Sermwittayawong N. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) is a potential virulence factor of Vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from diseased fish. J Fish Dis 2020; 43:275-284. [PMID: 31779054 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is one of the most serious causative agents of diseases in cultured marine fish and shellfish. However, the characteristics of virulence factors in pathogenic V. alginolyticus are poorly known. To gain insight into fish diseases caused by V. alginolyticus, we carried out two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to identify uniquely expressed proteins in the disease-causing V. alginolyticus. V. alginolyticus strains were isolated from marine environments and diseased fish obtained from southern Thailand. We identified seven unique proteins in the disease-causing V. alginolyticus strain. Among those, the outer membrane protein A (OmpA) had the strongest expression. Therefore, the function of this protein was further analysed. To investigate the role of OmpA protein, an in-frame deletion mutant of ompA was constructed using the homologous recombination method. Although the ompA mutant V. alginolyticus strain (ΔompA) grew normally, the mutant exhibited a significant defect in the swarming ability and the biofilm formation. Furthermore, Galleria mellonella larvae injected with the mutant bacteria had a significantly greater survival percentage than those injected with the wild-type strain, demonstrating that OmpA protein is required for the pathogenicity of V. alginolyticus. Together, this study suggests a potential target for vaccine development against pathogenic V. alginolyticus strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supansa Bunpa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nattarika Chaichana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jade L L Teng
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hwei Huih Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Decha Sermwittayawong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nongyao Sawangjaroen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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38
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Wemery U, Joseph S, Woo PCY. Middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) in an adult dromedary camel: Short communication. J CAMEL PRACT RES 2020. [DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2020.00030.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Wernery U, Woo PCY. Middle East respiratory syndrome: making the case for surveillance of transboundary coronaviruses in the Middle East. REV SCI TECH OIE 2019; 38:61-69. [PMID: 31564740 DOI: 10.20506/rst.38.1.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a zoonotic viral disease identified in both animals and human beings. More than 2,200 laboratory-confirmed cases have been reported in humans from 27 countries, with a crude case fatality rate of 35% since the disease's emergence in the Middle East in 2012. In the coming years, MERS will continue to pose a severe threat to economic development as well as to the elimination of poverty and advances in food security. An important gap in the effort to keep MERS at bay is the lack of surveillance of animals in the Middle East. The authors identify the need for international collaboration to conduct MERS coronavirus (CoV) surveillance in animals in the Middle East, since the emergence of new MERS-CoV variants with the ability to sustain efficient person-to-person transmission is a genuine threat. However, effective surveillance will be very difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. There are multiple obstacles in the region to overcome, including a lack of transparency as governments in the Middle East generally do not disclose detailed information on animal diseases. In addition, there is minimal collaboration between local and international agencies in both the human and animal health sectors and a limited number of readily available qualified laboratories to screen animals for MERS- CoV. Last, but not least, there is a lack of adequate active communication between all relevant laboratories, local and abroad. However, with the support of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), and other partners, the responsibility of the Mediterranean Zoonosis Control Centre in Athens, Greece, could be widened to include the countries of the Middle East. This would foster a stronger alliance and far more effective collaboration in the spirit of One Health.
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40
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Tsang CC, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Sixty Years from Segretain’s Description: What Have We Learned and Should Learn About the Basic Mycology of Talaromyces marneffei? Mycopathologia 2019; 184:721-729. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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41
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Lau SKP, Zhang L, Luk HKH, Xiong L, Peng X, Li KSM, He X, Zhao PSH, Fan RYY, Wong ACP, Ahmed SS, Cai JP, Chan JFW, Sun Y, Jin D, Chen H, Lau TCK, Kok RKH, Li W, Yuen KY, Woo PCY. Receptor Usage of a Novel Bat Lineage C Betacoronavirus Reveals Evolution of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus Spike Proteins for Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Binding. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:197-207. [PMID: 29346682 PMCID: PMC7107427 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although bats are known to harbor Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-related viruses, the role of bats in the evolutionary origin and pathway remains obscure. We identified a novel MERS-CoV-related betacoronavirus, Hp-BatCoV HKU25, from Chinese pipistrelle bats. Although it is closely related to MERS-CoV in most genome regions, its spike protein occupies a phylogenetic position between that of Ty-BatCoV HKU4 and Pi-BatCoV HKU5. Because Ty-BatCoV HKU4 but not Pi-BatCoV HKU5 can use the MERS-CoV receptor human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4) for cell entry, we tested the ability of Hp-BatCoV HKU25 to bind and use hDPP4. The HKU25-receptor binding domain (RBD) can bind to hDPP4 protein and hDPP4-expressing cells, but it does so with lower efficiency than that of MERS-RBD. Pseudovirus assays showed that HKU25-spike can use hDPP4 for entry to hDPP4-expressing cells, although with lower efficiency than that of MERS-spike and HKU4-spike. Our findings support a bat origin of MERS-CoV and suggest that bat CoV spike proteins may have evolved in a stepwise manner for binding to hDPP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases The University of Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection The University of Hong Kong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Libiao Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, and Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hayes K H Luk
- Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Lifeng Xiong
- Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingwen Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, and Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kenneth S M Li
- Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiangyang He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, and Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | - Rachel Y Y Fan
- Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases The University of Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection The University of Hong Kong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinyan Sun
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases The University of Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection The University of Hong Kong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Terrence C K Lau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Raven K H Kok
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases The University of Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection The University of Hong Kong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases The University of Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection The University of Hong Kong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases The University of Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection The University of Hong Kong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
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42
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Zhao Y, Sridhar S, Guo L, Lau SKP, Xu Y, Woo PCY. Successful treatment of plantar warts using topical Zijinding, a traditional Chinese medicine preparation: A case series. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:946-950. [PMID: 31479180 PMCID: PMC7155113 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Plantar warts are associated with high transmissibility and morbidity. Among the available therapeutic options, none is uniformly effective or virucidal. Salicylic acid is the first‐line therapy but approximately one‐third of lesions could not resolve and become recalcitrant despite repeated treatment. Cryotherapy is widely accessible with low cost but may be complicated by pain, blister formation, hemorrhage, infection, excessive granulation tissue formation, and hyper‐/hypo‐pigmentation. Hence, alternative treatment modalities are essential. Methods Three patients with debilitating plantar warts refractory or intolerant to cryotherapy were treated with a course of Zijinding (a traditional Chinese medicine preparation) paste prepared with white vinegar. Results All three patients showed excellent clinical response with Zijinding application with evolution of lesions to scabs and subsequently healthy skin within 1.5 to 5 months of treatment. Treatment was well tolerated and had no significant side effects with excellent compliance recorded for all three patients. There was no relapse for at least 10 months after stopping the treatment. Conclusion Topical Zijinding could be a promising alternative modality for the treatment of plantar warts. Further clinical trials on the comparison of Zijinding and other treatment modalities of plantar warts are warranted. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanism of action of Zijinding and to isolate the active ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lina Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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43
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Xiong L, Chan E, Teng JLL, Liu S, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Malate-Dependent Carbon Utilization Enhances Central Metabolism and Contributes to Biological Fitness of Laribacter hongkongensis via CRP Regulation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1991. [PMID: 31555230 PMCID: PMC6722228 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptation in various environmental niches is crucial for bacterial extracellular survival and intracellular replication during infection. However, the metabolism of carbon/nitrogen sources and related regulatory mechanisms in Laribacter hongkongensis, an asaccharolytic bacterium associated with invasive infections and gastroenteritis, are still unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that malate can be exploited as a preferred carbon source of L. hongkongensis. Using RNA-sequencing, we compared the transcription profiles of L. hongkongensis cultivated with or without malate supplementation, and observed that malate utilization significantly inhibits the use of alternative carbon sources while enhancing respiratory chain as well as central carbon, sulfur, and urease-mediated nitrogen metabolisms. The tight connection among these important metabolic pathways indicates that L. hongkongensis is capable of integrating information from different metabolism branches to coordinate the expression of metabolic genes and thereby adapt to environmental changing. Furthermore, we identified that a transcription factor, CRP, is repressed by malate-mediated metabolism while negatively regulating the effect of malate on these central metabolic pathways. Remarkably, CRP also responds to various environmental stresses, influences the expression of other transcription factors, and contributes to the biological fitness of L. hongkongensis. The regulatory network and cross-regulation enables the bacteria to make the appropriate metabolic responses and environmental adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Xiong
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Elaine Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jade L L Teng
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siguo Liu
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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44
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Sridhar S, Cheng VCC, Wong SC, Yip CCY, Wu S, Lo AWI, Leung KH, Mak WWN, Cai J, Li X, Chan JFW, Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Lai WM, Kwan TH, Au TWK, Lo CM, Wong SCY, Yuen KY. Donor-Derived Genotype 4 Hepatitis E Virus Infection, Hong Kong, China, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:425-433. [PMID: 30789146 PMCID: PMC6390757 DOI: 10.3201/eid2503.181563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 4 (HEV-4) is an emerging cause of acute hepatitis in China. Less is known about the clinical characteristics and natural history of HEV-4 than HEV genotype 3 infections in immunocompromised patients. We report transmission of HEV-4 from a deceased organ donor to 5 transplant recipients. The donor had been viremic but HEV IgM and IgG seronegative, and liver function test results were within reference ranges. After a mean of 52 days after transplantation, hepatitis developed in all 5 recipients; in the liver graft recipient, disease was severe and with progressive portal hypertension. Despite reduced immunosuppression, all HEV-4 infections progressed to persistent hepatitis. Four patients received ribavirin and showed evidence of response after 2 months. This study highlights the role of organ donation in HEV transmission, provides additional data on the natural history of HEV-4 infection, and points out differences between genotype 3 and 4 infections in immunocompromised patients.
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45
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Li X, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Molecular characterisation of emerging pathogens of unexplained infectious disease syndromes. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:839-848. [PMID: 31385539 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1651200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The discoveries of HIV and Helicobacter pylori in the 1980s were landmarks in identification of novel pathogens causing unexplained infectious syndromes using conventional microbiological technologies. In the last few decades, advancement of molecular technologies has provided us with more robust tools to expand our armamentarium in this microbial hunting process. Areas covered: In this article, we give a brief overview of the most important molecular technologies we use for identification of emerging microbes associated with unexplained infectious syndromes, including 16S rRNA and other conserved targets sequencing for bacteria, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and other target gene sequencing for fungi, polymerase and other gene sequencing for viruses, as well as deep sequencing. Then, we use several representative examples to illustrate how these techniques have been used for the discoveries of a few notable bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens associated with unexplained infectious syndromes in the last 20-30 years. Expert opinion: In the past and present, characterization of emerging pathogens of unexplained infectious disease syndromes has relied on a combination of conventional culture- and phenotype-based technologies and nucleic acid amplification and sequencing. In the next era, we envisage more widespread adoption of next generation technologies that can detect both known and previously undescribed pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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46
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Tsang CC, Tang JYM, Chan KF, Lee CY, Chan JFW, Ngan AHY, Cheung M, Lau ECL, Li X, Ng RHY, Lai CKC, Fung KSC, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Diversity of phenotypically non-dermatophyte, non-Aspergillus filamentous fungi causing nail infections: importance of accurate identification and antifungal susceptibility testing. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:531-541. [PMID: 30938262 PMCID: PMC6455232 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1598781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Onychomycosis is most commonly caused by dermatophytes. In this study, we examined the spectrum of phenotypically non-dermatophyte and non-Aspergillus fungal isolates recovered over a 10-year period from nails of patients with onychomycosis in Hong Kong. A total of 24 non-duplicated isolates recovered from 24 patients were included. The median age of the patients was 51 years, and two-thirds of them were males. One-third and two-thirds had finger and toe nail infections respectively. Among these 24 nail isolates, 17 were confidently identified as 13 different known fungal species, using a polyphasic approach. These 13 species belonged to 11 genera and ≥9 families. For the remaining seven isolates, multilocus sequencing did not reveal their definite species identities. These seven potentially novel species belonged to four different known and three potentially novel genera of seven families. 33.3%, 41.7% and 95.8% of the 24 fungal isolates possessed minimum inhibitory concentrations of >1 µg/mL to terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole, respectively, the first line treatment of onychomycosis. A high diversity of moulds was associated with onychomycosis. A significant proportion of the isolates were potentially novel fungal species. To guide proper treatment, molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility testing should be performed for these uncommonly isolated fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ching Tsang
- a Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - James Y M Tang
- a Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Fai Chan
- a Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Yi Lee
- a Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- a Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,b State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,c Carol Yu Centre for Infection , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,d Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Antonio H Y Ngan
- a Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Mei Cheung
- a Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,e Department of Pathology , Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Pokfulam, King's Park, Hong Kong
| | - Eunice C L Lau
- a Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,f Department of Pathology , United Christian Hospital , Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Li
- a Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ricky H Y Ng
- f Department of Pathology , United Christian Hospital , Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Christopher K C Lai
- e Department of Pathology , Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Pokfulam, King's Park, Hong Kong
| | - Kitty S C Fung
- f Department of Pathology , United Christian Hospital , Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- a Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,b State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,c Carol Yu Centre for Infection , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,d Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- a Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,b State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,c Carol Yu Centre for Infection , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,d Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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47
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Sridhar S, Yip CCY, Wu S, Cai J, Zhang AJX, Leung KH, Chung TWH, Chan JFW, Chan WM, Teng JLL, Au-Yeung RKH, Cheng VCC, Chen H, Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Xia NS, Lo CM, Yuen KY. Rat Hepatitis E Virus as Cause of Persistent Hepatitis after Liver Transplant. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:2241-2250. [PMID: 30457530 PMCID: PMC6256372 DOI: 10.3201/eid2412.180937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
All hepatitis E virus (HEV) variants reported to infect humans belong to the species OrthohepevirusA (HEV-A). The zoonotic potential of the species OrthohepevirusC (HEV-C), which circulates in rats and is highly divergent from HEV-A, is unknown. We report a liver transplant recipient with hepatitis caused by HEV-C infection. We detected HEV-C RNA in multiple clinical samples and HEV-C antigen in the liver. The complete genome of the HEV-C isolate had 93.7% nt similarity to an HEV-C strain from Vietnam. The patient had preexisting HEV antibodies, which were not protective against HEV-C infection. Ribavirin was an effective treatment, resulting in resolution of hepatitis and clearance of HEV-C viremia. Testing for this zoonotic virus should be performed for immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with unexplained hepatitis because routine hepatitis E diagnostic tests may miss HEV-C infection. HEV-C is also a potential threat to the blood product supply.
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48
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Lau SKP, Xing F, Tsang CC, Tang JYM, Tan YP, Ye H, Lau RWT, Chen JHK, Lo SKF, Woo PCY. Clinical characteristics, rapid identification, molecular epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of Talaromyces marneffei infections in Shenzhen, China. Mycoses 2019; 62:450-457. [PMID: 30597630 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although case series of talaromycosis have been reported in China, their detailed clinical and microbiological characteristics have never been systematically profiled. In this study, we report the clinical characteristics, molecular epidemiology, rapid identification and antifungal susceptibilities of talaromycosis in The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital in Shenzhen. Seven cases of talaromycosis were observed since commencement of hospital service in 2012. Three patients were local Shenzhen residents, whereas the other four were immigrants from other parts of China. Two patients were HIV-negative, but with underlying diseases requiring immunosuppressive therapy. Two of the seven patients succumbed. All the seven isolates were successfully identified as T. marneffei by MALDI-TOF MS using Bruker database expanded with in-house generated T. marneffei mass spectra. MLST showed that the seven strains belonged to six different, novel sequences types. Phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated five-locus sequence revealed that the seven strains were scattered amongst other T. marneffei strains. The MICs of itraconazole, isavuconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole against the seven clinical isolates were low but MICs of anidulafungin were high. Underlying diseases other than HIV infection are increasingly important risk factors of talaromycosis. MALDI-TOF MS is useful for rapid identification. Highly diverse T. marneffei sequence types were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanfan Xing
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - James Y M Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yen-Pei Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Haiyan Ye
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ricky W T Lau
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jonathan H K Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Simon K F Lo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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49
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Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Lau CCY, Tung ETK, Au-Yeung RKH, Cai JP, Chong KTK, Sze KH, Kao RY, Hao Q, Yuen KY. Mp1p homologues as virulence factors in Aspergillus fumigatus. Med Mycol 2019; 56:350-360. [PMID: 28992243 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we showed that Mp1p is an important virulence factor of Talaromyces marneffei, a dimorphic fungus phylogenetically closely related to Aspergillus fumigatus. In this study, we investigated the virulence properties of the four Mp1p homologues (Afmp1p, Afmp2p, Afmp3p, and Afmp4p) in A. fumigatus using a mouse model. All mice died 7 days after challenge with wild-type A. fumigatus QC5096, AFMP1 knockdown mutant, AFMP2 knockdown mutant and AFMP3 knockdown mutant and 28 days after challenge with AFMP4 knockdown mutant (P<.0001). Only 11% of mice died 30 days after challenge with AFMP1-4 knockdown mutant (P<.0001). For mice challenge with AFMP1-4 knockdown mutant, lower abundance of fungal elements was observed in brains, kidneys, and spleens compared to mice challenge with QC5096 at day 4 post-infection. Fungal counts in brains of mice challenge with QC5096 or AFMP4 knockdown mutant were significantly higher than those challenge with AFMP1-4 knockdown mutant (P<.01 and P<.05). Fungal counts in kidneys of mice challenge with QC5096 or AFMP4 knockdown mutant were significantly higher than those challenge with AFMP1-4 knockdown mutant (P<.001 and P<.001) and those of mice challenge with QC5096 were significantly higher than those challenge with AFMP4 knockdown mutant (P<.05). There is no difference among the survival rates of wild-type A. fumigatus, AFMP4 knockdown mutant and AFMP1-4 knockdown mutant, suggesting that Mp1p homologues in A. fumigatus do not mediate its virulence via improving its survival in macrophage as in the case in T. marneffei. Afmp1p, Afmp2p, Afmp3p, and Afmp4p in combination are important virulence factors of A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Candy C Y Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edward T K Tung
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rex K H Au-Yeung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong -Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Pao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ken T K Chong
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kong Hung Sze
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Richard Y Kao
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Quan Hao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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50
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Lau SKP, Wong ACP, Zhang L, Luk HKH, Kwok JSL, Ahmed SS, Cai JP, Zhao PSH, Teng JLL, Tsui SKW, Yuen KY, Woo PCY. Novel Bat Alphacoronaviruses in Southern China Support Chinese Horseshoe Bats as an Important Reservoir for Potential Novel Coronaviruses. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050423. [PMID: 31067830 PMCID: PMC6563315 DOI: 10.3390/v11050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While bats are increasingly recognized as a source of coronavirus epidemics, the diversity and emergence potential of bat coronaviruses remains to be fully understood. Among 1779 bat samples collected in China, diverse coronaviruses were detected in 32 samples from five different bat species by RT-PCR. Two novel alphacoronaviruses, Rhinolophus sinicus bat coronavirus HKU32 (Rs-BatCoV HKU32) and Tylonycteris robustula bat coronavirus HKU33 (Tr-BatCoV HKU33), were discovered from Chinese horseshoe bats in Hong Kong and greater bamboo bats in Guizhou Province, respectively. Genome analyses showed that Rs-BatCoV HKU32 is closely related to BatCoV HKU10 and related viruses from diverse bat families, whereas Tr-BatCoV HKU33 is closely related to BtNv-AlphaCoV and similar viruses exclusively from bats of Vespertilionidae family. The close relatedness of Rs-BatCoV HKU32 to BatCoV HKU10 which was also detected in Pomona roundleaf bats from the same country park suggests that these viruses may have the tendency of infecting genetically distant bat populations of close geographical proximity with subsequent genetic divergence. Moreover, the presence of SARSr-CoV ORF7a-like protein in Rs-BatCoV HKU32 suggests a common evolutionary origin of this accessory protein with SARS-CoV, also from Chinese horseshoe bats, an apparent reservoir for coronavirus epidemics. The emergence potential of Rs-BatCoV HKU32 should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Antonio C P Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Libao Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Hayes K H Luk
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jamie S L Kwok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Syed S Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pyrear S H Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jade L L Teng
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Stephen K W Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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