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Caicedo N, Cedeno L, Jaramillo D, Puente P, Henao M, Llanos N, Montoya G. Antioxidant activity of crude extracts obtained from endophytic fungi isolated from Otoba gracilipes of dry tropical forest in Colombia. N Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.05.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Seguí R, Muñoz-Antoli C, Klisiowicz DR, Oishi CY, Köster PC, de Lucio A, Hernández-de-Mingo M, Puente P, Toledo R, Esteban JG, Carmena D. Prevalence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp., in the Paranaguá Bay, Brazil: a community survey. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:490. [PMID: 30165880 PMCID: PMC6117969 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal protozoan parasites are major contributors to the global burden of gastrointestinal disease causing significant socioeconomic consequences. Children living in resource-poor settings with restricted access to water and sanitary services are particularly at risk of these infections. Methods A prospective, community-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in Paraná (southern Brazil) between May 2015 and May 2016. A total of 766 stool samples were individually collected from volunteers (male/female ratio: 0.99; age range: 0–76 years) and used for investigating the presence of intestinal helminth and protozoan species by routine microscopic procedures including the Kato-Katz and modified Ritchie concentration methods and the Ziehl-Neelsen stain technique. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed microscopy-positive samples for Giardia duodenalis and the assemblages and sub-assemblages determined by multilocus sequence-based genotyping of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and β-giardin (bg) genes of the parasite. Identification of Blastocystis subtypes was carried out by amplification and sequencing of a partial fragment of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) of this heterokont microorganism. Results Overall, 46.1% (353/766) of the participants were infected/colonised by at least one intestinal parasite/commensal species. Protozoan and helminth species were detected in 42.7% and 10.1% of the surveyed population, respectively. Blastocystis sp. (28.2%), Endolimax nana (14.9%), and Giardia duodenalis (11.0%) were the most prevalent species found among protozoans and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.0%), Trichuris trichiura (4.6%) and hookworms (1.0%) among helminths. A total of 38 G. duodenalis-positive samples were genotyped at gdh and bg markers, revealing the presence of the sub-assemblages AII (47.4%), AII/AIII (2.6%), BIII (5.3%), BIV (26.3%) and BIII/BIV (13.1%). Two samples (5.3%) were only identified as assemblage B. AII was predominantly found in females aged 5–9 years and was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting gastrointestinal symptoms. A total of 102 Blastocystis-positive samples were successfully subtyped at the SSU rRNA gene revealing the presence of ST1 (36.3%), ST2 (15.7%), ST3 (41.2%), ST4 (2.9%), ST6 (1.0%) and ST8 (2.9%). Conclusions Data presented here indicate that enteric parasites still represent a pressing health concern in Paraná, Brazil, probably due to sub-optimal water, sanitation and hygiene conditions. A mostly anthroponotic origin is suspected for G. duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3054-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Seguí
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Parasitology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, Valencia University, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Parasitology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, Valencia University, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Debora R Klisiowicz
- Department of Basic Pathology, Biological Sciences Area, Paraná Federal University, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Curitiba, 19031, Brazil
| | - Camila Y Oishi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Biological Sciences Area, Paraná Federal University, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Curitiba, 19031, Brazil
| | - Pamela C Köster
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida de Lucio
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández-de-Mingo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Puente
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Parasitology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, Valencia University, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - José G Esteban
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Parasitology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, Valencia University, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Adell-Aledón M, Köster PC, de Lucio A, Puente P, Hernández-de-Mingo M, Sánchez-Thevenet P, Dea-Ayuela MA, Carmena D. Occurrence and molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in dog populations in eastern Spain. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:26. [PMID: 29357850 PMCID: PMC5778629 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common enteric parasites in domestic animals including dogs. Young animals are more prone to the infection, with clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to acute or chronic diarrhoea. Dogs are primarily infected by canine-specific (C-D) assemblages of G. duodenalis. However, zoonotic assemblages A and B have been increasingly documented in canine isolates, raising the question of whether and to which extent dogs can act as natural reservoirs of human giardiosis. Methods In this cross-sectional epidemiological survey we assessed the molecular diversity of G. duodenalis in dogs in the province of Castellón, Eastern Spain. A total of 348 individual faecal samples from sheltered (n = 218), breeding (n = 24), hunting (n = 68), shepherd (n = 24), and pet (n = 14) dogs were collected between 2014 and 2016. Detection of G. duodenalis cysts in faecal material was carried out by direct fluorescence microscopy as a screening test, whereas a qPCR targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of the parasite was subsequently used as a confirmatory method. Results Giardia duodenalis was detected in 36.5% (95% CI: 31.6–41.7%) of dogs. No significant differences in prevalence rates could be demonstrated among dogs according to their sex and geographical origin, but breeding (45.8%; 95% CI: 27.9–64.9%) and sheltered (40.4%; 95% CI: 34.1–47.0%) dogs harboured significantly higher proportions of G. duodenalis. Multi-locus sequence-based genotyping of the glutamate dehydrogenase and β-giardin genes of G. duodenalis allowed the characterization of 35 canine isolates that were unambiguously assigned to assemblages A (14.3%), B (22.9%), C (5.7%), and D (37.1%). A number of inter-assemblage mixed infections including A + B (11.4%), A + D (2.9%), and A + B + D (5.7%) were also identified. Conclusions Data presented here are strongly indicative of high infection pressures in kennelled animals. Zoonotic sub-assemblages AII, BIII, and BIV were responsible for a considerable proportion of the G. duodenalis infections detected, but very few of the genotypes identified have been previously documented in Spanish human populations. Although possible, zoonotic transmission between dogs and humans seems an infrequent event in this Spanish region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1353-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Adell-Aledón
- CEU Cardenal Herrera University, C/ Grecia, 31, 12006, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Pamela C Köster
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida de Lucio
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Puente
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández-de-Mingo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Sánchez-Thevenet
- CEU Cardenal Herrera University, C/ Grecia, 31, 12006, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | | | - David Carmena
- CEU Cardenal Herrera University, C/ Grecia, 31, 12006, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain. .,Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Ortoll-Polo V, Zapico I, Rodriguez-Carrero R, Puente P. GRP-109 Lenalidomide: Haematological Safety Profile. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000276.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ramos-Aparicio R, Rodriguez-Carrero R, Ortoll-Polo V, Zapico I, Puente P. Duration and reasons for changing the first antiretroviral therapy: an 8-year follow-up. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rodriguez-Carrero R, Vergniory O, Zapico I, Puente P. The use of mitomycin C in ophthalmic pathologies. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rodriguez-Carrero R, Iglesias T, Puente P. Non-formulary drugs: situation analysis. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ortoll-Polo V, Rodriguez-Carrero R, Zapico I, Puente P. Change of dose of lenalidomide in relation to renal function: following the SPC. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rodriguez-Carrero R, Zapico I, Ortoll-Polo V, Puente P. Thromboembolic events associated with lenalidomide. A review after the EMA alert. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Pelayo V, García-Hernández P, Puente P, Rodero M, Cuébllar C. Seroprevalence of anti-Gymnorhynchus gigas (Trypanorhyncha, Gymnorhynchidae) antibodies in a Spanish population. J Parasitol 2009; 95:778-80. [PMID: 19206995 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1894.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The somatic products released from ingested larvae of Gymnorhynchus gigas parasitizing fish induce a Th2 response capable of causing allergic disorders. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-Gymnorhynchus gigas antibodies in a Spanish population and established a possible relationship with fish consumption habits. We studied 305 residents in Madrid, with neither clinical symptoms suggestive of gastrointestinal or allergic disorders, nor pathologies related to ingestion of fish that could cause disease. Specific antibody levels were measured by ELISA: 11.8%, 20%, 15.7%, 21%, and 7.5% of the total studied sera were IgA, Ig's, IgG, IgM, and IgE positive, respectively. Seropositivity was not more prevalent among fresh fish consumers and did not increase with frequency of fish consumption. IgE values were lower in the group that never ingested smoked fish. Anti-G. gigas antibody levels were higher in the group that reported frequent consumption of marinated fish. The use of cooking methods with the least heating efficacy (frying, or frying in batter, and microwaving) did not affect seropositivity percentages among consumers. Infection with live plerocercoids is not necessary for seropositivity, and the antibody production, in this case, is due to the absorption of antigens from the parasite following the digestion process. The human health risks of allergic reactions due to parasite antigens remain active after freezing the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pelayo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Cegarra J, Puente P, Valldeperas J, Posse R, Carbonell J. Method for the Assessment of the Dyeing Conditions of Modified Polyester with Cationic Dyes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1982.tb03628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Cegarra
- Laboratory of Dyeing Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industrials de Terrasa Universidad Politécnica de Barcelona Spain
| | - P. Puente
- Laboratory of Dyeing Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industrials de Terrasa Universidad Politécnica de Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Valldeperas
- Laboratory of Dyeing Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industrials de Terrasa Universidad Politécnica de Barcelona Spain
| | - R. Posse
- Laboratory of Dyeing Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industrials de Terrasa Universidad Politécnica de Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Carbonell
- Laboratory of Dyeing Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industrials de Terrasa Universidad Politécnica de Barcelona Spain
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Khan S, Puente P, Gremse D. 266 PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF ESOPHAGEAL PH MONITORING DURING INFANCY ON SYMPTOMS OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN CHILDREN.:. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0004.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Phytochromes are plant photoreceptors that regulate plant growth and development with respect to the light environment. Following the initial light-perception event, the phytochromes initiate a signal-transduction process that eventually results in alterations in cellular behavior, including gene expression. Here we describe the molecular cloning and functional characterization of Arabidopsis FHY1. FHY1 encodes a product (FHY1) that specifically transduces signals downstream of the far-red (FR) light-responsive phytochrome A (PHYA) photoreceptor. We show that FHY1 is a novel light-regulated protein that accumulates in dark (D)-grown but not in FR-grown hypocotyl cells. In addition, FHY1 transcript levels are regulated by light, and by the product of FHY3, another gene implicated in FR signaling. These observations indicate that FHY1 function is both FR-signal transducing and FR-signal regulated, suggesting a negative feedback regulation of FHY1 function. Seedlings homozygous for loss-of-function fhy1 alleles are partially blind to FR, whereas seedlings overexpressing FHY1 exhibit increased responses to FR, but not to white (WL) or red (R) light. The increased FR-responses conferred by overexpression of FHY1 are abolished in a PHYA-deficient mutant background, showing that FHY1 requires a signal from PHYA for function, and cannot modulate growth independently of PHYA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Desnos
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Abstract
We report here the isolation and characterization of a cotyledon-specific albino locus of Arabidopsis, WHITE COTYLEDONS (WCO). This recessive mutation in the WCO locus, located on the top of Chromosome 1, results in albino cotyledons but green true leaves. An accumulation profile of chlorophylls and ultrastructure of chloroplasts indicate that WCO is necessary for development of functional chloroplasts in cotyledons but is dispensable in true leaves. This was further supported by the fact that the mutants request feeding of sucrose for their survival at the early seedling stage where true leaves have not emerged, but the mutants which have developed true leaves are able to grow autotrophically without sucrose supplementation. The wco mutants accumulate low levels of chloroplast mRNA encoding photosynthesis-related proteins and have a specific defect in 16S rRNA maturation in a cotyledon-specific manner. Although wco mutants exhibited abnormal chloroplasts and chloroplast gene expression in cotyledons, nuclear genes for photosynthetic components are expressed at similar levels to those found in wild-type siblings. This lack of suppression of the nuclear genes is not due to a defect in the signaling of the so-called "plastid factor" to the nucleus since normal suppression of the nuclear genes was observed in response to the photo-oxidative damage due to norflurazon application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8104, USA.
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Chattopadhyay S, Puente P, Deng XW, Wei N. Combinatorial interaction of light-responsive elements plays a critical role in determining the response characteristics of light-regulated promoters in Arabidopsis. Plant J 1998. [PMID: 9744096 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the roles of PhyA, PhyB and CRY1 photoreceptors and the downstream light-signaling components, COP1 and DET1, in mediating high-irradiance light-controlled activity of promoters containing synthetic light-responsive elements (LRE). Promoters with paired LREs were able to respond to a wide spectrum of light through multiple photoreceptors, while the light-inducible single LRE promoters primarily responded to a specific wavelength of light. In addition, our results indicate that Cry1 is involved in PhyB-mediated red-light induction of the G-GATA/NOS101 promoter, and that both Cry1 and PhyB are required for effective repression of the GT1/NOS101 promoter by red or blue light. An interaction between PhyA and PhyB in mediating GT1-GATA/NOS101 promoter light activation was also observed. Furthermore, our data indicate that COP1 and DET1 exert negative control in the dark only on paired LRE promoters but not single LRE promoters. From these results, we conclude that the combinatorial interaction of LREs is essential in determining the ability of light-responsive promoters to be modulated by crucial cellular regulators and to respond to diverse light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chattopadhyay
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Chattopadhyay S, Puente P, Deng XW, Wei N. Combinatorial interaction of light-responsive elements plays a critical role in determining the response characteristics of light-regulated promoters in Arabidopsis. Plant J 1998; 15:69-77. [PMID: 9744096 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the roles of PhyA, PhyB and CRY1 photoreceptors and the downstream light-signaling components, COP1 and DET1, in mediating high-irradiance light-controlled activity of promoters containing synthetic light-responsive elements (LRE). Promoters with paired LREs were able to respond to a wide spectrum of light through multiple photoreceptors, while the light-inducible single LRE promoters primarily responded to a specific wavelength of light. In addition, our results indicate that Cry1 is involved in PhyB-mediated red-light induction of the G-GATA/NOS101 promoter, and that both Cry1 and PhyB are required for effective repression of the GT1/NOS101 promoter by red or blue light. An interaction between PhyA and PhyB in mediating GT1-GATA/NOS101 promoter light activation was also observed. Furthermore, our data indicate that COP1 and DET1 exert negative control in the dark only on paired LRE promoters but not single LRE promoters. From these results, we conclude that the combinatorial interaction of LREs is essential in determining the ability of light-responsive promoters to be modulated by crucial cellular regulators and to respond to diverse light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chattopadhyay
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Chattopadhyay S, Ang LH, Puente P, Deng XW, Wei N. Arabidopsis bZIP protein HY5 directly interacts with light-responsive promoters in mediating light control of gene expression. Plant Cell 1998; 10:673-83. [PMID: 9596629 PMCID: PMC144028 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.10.5.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis HY5 gene has been defined genetically as a positive regulator of photomorphogenesis and recently has been shown to encode a basic leucine zipper type of transcription factor. Here, we report that HY5 is constitutively nuclear localized and is involved in light regulation of transcriptional activity of the promoters containing the G-box, a well-characterized light-responsive element (LRE). In vitro DNA binding studies suggested that HY5 can bind specifically to the G-box DNA sequences but not to any of the other LREs present in the light-responsive promoters examined. High-irradiance light activation of two synthetic promoters containing either the consensus G-box alone or the G-box combined with the GATA motif (another LRE) and the native Arabidopsis ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene RBCS-1A promoter, which has an essential copy of the G-box, was significantly compromised in the hy5 mutant. The hy5 mutation's effect on the high-irradiance light activation of gene expression was observed in both photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic tissues. Furthermore, the characteristic phytochrome-mediated red light- and far-red light-reversible low-fluence induction of the G-box-containing promoters was diminished specifically in hy5 plants. These results suggest that HY5 may interact directly with the G-box in the promoters of light-inducible genes to mediate light-controlled transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chattopadhyay
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Calera JA, Ovejero MC, López-Medrano R, Segurado M, Puente P, Leal F. Characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans aspnd1 gene demonstrates that the ASPND1 antigen, which it encodes, and several Aspergillus fumigatus immunodominant antigens belong to the same family. Infect Immun 1997; 65:1335-44. [PMID: 9119471 PMCID: PMC175137 DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.4.1335-1344.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, an immunodominant Aspergillus nidulans antigen (ASPND1) consistently reactive with serum samples from aspergilloma patients has been purified and characterized, and its coding gene (aspnd1) has been cloned and sequenced. ASPND1 is a glycoprotein with four N-glycosidically-bound sugar chains (around 2.1 kDa each) which are not necessary for reactivity with immune human sera. The polypeptide part is synthesized as a 277-amino-acid precursor of 30.6 kDa that after cleavage of a putative signal peptide of 16 amino acids, affords a mature protein of 261 amino acids with a molecular mass of 29 kDa and a pI of 4.24 (as deduced from the sequence). The ASPND1 protein is 53.1% identical to the AspfII allergen from Aspergillus fumigatus and 48% identical to an unpublished Candida albicans antigen. All of the cysteine residues and most of the glycosylation sites are perfectly conserved in the three proteins, suggesting a similar but yet unknown function. Analysis of the primary structure of the ASPND1 coding gene (aspnd1) has allowed the establishment of a clear relationship between several previously reported A. fumigatus and A. nidulans immunodominant antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Calera
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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Puente P, Wei N, Deng XW. Combinatorial interplay of promoter elements constitutes the minimal determinants for light and developmental control of gene expression in Arabidopsis. EMBO J 1996; 15:3732-43. [PMID: 8670877 PMCID: PMC452037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher plants are able to integrate environmental and endogenous signals to regulate gene expression for optimal development. To define the minimal sequence requirement sufficient to integrate light and developmental signals in controlling promoter activity, we carried out a systematic analysis of the roles of four well-conserved 'light-responsive elements (LREs)' common to many nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes. A gain-of-function assay using basal promoter-reporter fusions in stable transgenic Arabidopsis was employed to demonstrate that pairwise combinations of the LREs, but not the individual elements alone, can confer light-inducible expression to the reporter gene independently of the basal promoter context and the light-triggered morphological changes. The activity of the synthetic promoters with the paired LREs can be modulated at least by the phytochrome system. Further, those synthetic light-regulated promoters confer a photosynthetic cell-specific expression pattern and respond to the chloroplast development state. Our data suggest that distinct combinatorial interactions of LREs can serve as minimal autonomous promoter determinants which integrate light and developmental signals and modulate promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Puente
- Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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Puente P, Wei N, Deng XW. Combinatorial interplay of promoter elements constitutes the minimal determinants for light and developmental control of gene expression in Arabidopsis. EMBO J 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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López-Medrano R, Ovejero MC, Calera JA, Puente P, Leal F. Immunoblotting patterns in the serodiagnosis of aspergilloma: antibody response to the 90kDa Aspergillus fumigatus antigen. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996; 15:146-52. [PMID: 8801087 DOI: 10.1007/bf01591488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
At present there are no accepted criteria to assess the usefulness of Western blot assays for the serodiagnosis of aspergilloma. An Aspergillus fumigatus cytosolic fraction complex (CFC) composed of four proteins (p90, p60, p40, and p37) has been identified. The usefulness of Western blotting with CFC antigens for the serodiagnosis of aspergilloma was evaluated in 25 patients with well-established diagnoses and in 94 controls. The most consistently reactive antigen was p90 (92% of patients with aspergilloma), followed by p40 (76%) and the entire CFC taken together (76%). With these data, interpretive criteria for positive and negative immunoblots were established, with p90 indicated as a helpful marker of aspergilloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R López-Medrano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética/Instituto de Microbiología Bioquímica, Universidad de Salamanca/C.S.I.C., Spain
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Abstract
We have identified, purified, and characterized structurally and functionally a 90-kDa immunodominant antigen associated with the water-soluble fraction of Aspergillus fumigatus. This antigen is recognized by 90.3% of serum samples from patients with aspergilloma and should be considered either by itself or better in combination with other purified antigens as a candidate for developing a standardized immunoassay for the detection of aspergilloma. p90 is a glycoprotein containing at least two two N-linked sugar chains of 2 and 5 kDa, respectively, which are not necessary for its reactivity with aspergilloma serum samples. Using specific anti-p90 rabbit serum, we have demonstrated that under native conditions, p90 exists in oligomeric form and has associated catalase activity. This activity is resistant to extreme temperatures (> 60 degrees C), reducing agents (40 mM dithiothreitol), high concentrations of denaturing agents such as 8 M urea and 8% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and treatments with ethanol-chloroform-water (5:3:10 [vol/vol]) mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R López-Medrano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científica, Spain
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Abstract
Cytosolic fractions of mycelial extracts from Aspergillus nidulans, A. flavus, and three different isolates of A. fumigatus, grown to stationary phase in Czapek-Dox-AOAC medium, were tested by immunoblotting for the presence of antigens reactive to 80 serum samples from aspergilloma patients. Fifty control serum samples were used to determine the specificity of the reactions. In the A. fumigatus cytosolic fraction a group of four main antigenic bands (p90, p60, p40 and p37) was consistently recognized (in total or partial form) by 90% of the serum samples from the aspergilloma patients. This group of antigens was designated as the 'cytosolic fraction complex' (CFC). As confirmed by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting with aspergilloma serum samples, each of the four antigenic bands is formed of several isoforms of acidic glycopeptides with slightly different pls. All the isoforms are at least N-glycosylated, as demonstrated by endoglycosidase H removal of a considerable amount of sugar residues. The relationship of these antigens with certain other A. fumigatus antigens previously reported in the literature, and their potential use in the immunodiagnosis of aspergilloma, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R López-Medrano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain
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Calera JA, López-Medrano R, Ovejero MC, Puente P, Leal F. Variability of Aspergillus nidulans antigens with media and time and temperature of growth. Infect Immun 1994; 62:2322-33. [PMID: 8188355 PMCID: PMC186515 DOI: 10.1128/iai.62.6.2322-2333.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of culture medium and time and temperature of growth on the appearance of Aspergillus nidulans antigens was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by silver staining or Western blot (immunoblot), of the proteins present in total cellular extracts or culture supernatants. Samples in the exponential, deceleration, and stationary growth phases were selected by biochemical, morphological, and ultrastructural criteria. Protein and antigen patterns (detected with rabbit antibodies) from total extracts were very similar in all cases, and the major differences observed seemed to depend on the age of the cultures. Culture supernatant patterns were highly dependent on the type of medium (complex or defined) and the age of the culture. Temperature did not significantly influence these results. The reproducible reactivity of selected human sera from aspergilloma-affected individuals was strictly associated with the use of defined media, especially Czapek Dox-AOAC, in both total extracts and culture supernatants. Extended growth times were necessary in the case of metabolic antigens (those obtained from culture supernatants). Screening of a battery of 10 selected human serum samples from patients with aspergilloma or invasive aspergillosis demonstrated that two of the antigens (96 to 98 and 45 kDa) from stationary-phase culture supernatants in Czapek Dox-AOAC medium were consistently reactive. When considered together as one unit, both antigens reacted with more than 50% of the sera, and at least one or the other of the antigens reacted with more than 90% of the sera. Less consistent results were obtained for two somatic antigens (from total cell extracts) of 45 to 50 and 20 to 22 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Calera
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicias, Spain
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Abstract
Cell-free extracts of the ascomycetous fungus Aspergillus nidulans were separated into three subcellular fractions: cell walls, total membranes and cytosol, and two different immunization protocols were used to raise antibodies against them in 12 New Zealand rabbits. The immune response was followed over time by dot and Western blot analyses to determine the immunogenic potential of each individual fraction and their polypeptide components. The IgG fractions, purified from pools of the best sera, were used to analyze in detail the antigenic composition of A. nidulans mycelium. The fast immunization protocol provided a much earlier response and higher sera titres. Cytosols and membranes were more immunogenic than cell walls and, in most cases, a positive correlation was shown between the titre of each serum and the number of detected antigens. The polypeptides of A. nidulans included six major immunodominant antigens of the molecular weights ranging between 13 and 200 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Puente
- Departmento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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Abstract
Aspergillus nidulans is an ascomycetous fungus that reproduces asexually by forming multicellular conidiophores and uninucleate spores called conidia. These elements constitute the main vehicle for the transmission of this and other pathogenic Aspergillus species and are the starting point of the different forms of aspergillosis. In order to use A. nidulans as a potential source of useful antigens for the immunodiagnosis of these diseases, we have examined the total protein composition of conidial extracts of this fungus by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in gels of different percent T. Injection of SDS-extracted conidial proteins into rabbits allowed us to raise a battery of polyclonal antibodies which have defined some important immunogenic polypeptides. Several of these immunogens were both present in mycelial extracts and recognized by antimycelium antibodies. Four of them, designated cdA, cdB, cdC, and cdE, were also found in conidial extracts of other pathogenic Aspergillus species. Only cdE was undetectable in cell extracts of the nonrelated species Fusarium culmorum and Phycomyces blakesleeanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Puente
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética and Instituto de Microbiología Bioquímica, Universidad de Salamanca/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain
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Abstract
A FITC-dextran internalization assay with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as positive control was used to determine whether fluid-phase endocytosis is a general characteristic of yeasts. Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Pichia polymorpha, Kluyveromyces phaseolosporus, Yarrowia lipolytica and Candida albicans were clearly positive, whereas results obtained with Debaryomyces marama were inconclusive. In all cases internalized FITC-dextran was found to be localized in the vacuoles and the process was always time- and temperature-dependent. Lower eucaryotes, particularly yeasts, appear to have the ability to incorporate substances from the extracellular medium through fluid-phase endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fernandez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Genética, Medicina Preventiva, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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