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Yang P, Jiang PW, Li C, Gao MX, Sun YS, Zhang DY, Du WQ, Zhao J, Shi ST, Li Y, Yang T, Cheng L, Li MH. Cdc25C/cdc2/cyclin B, raf/MEK/ERK and PERK/eIF2α/CHOP pathways are involved in forskolin-induced growth inhibition of MM.1S cells by G2/M arrest and mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:2402-2412. [PMID: 34606419 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1983280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable hematological malignancy characterized by proliferation and accumulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Innovative and effective therapeutic approaches that are able to improve the outcome and the survival of MM sufferers, especially the identification of novel natural compounds and investigation of their anti-MM mechanisms, are needed. Here, we investigated the effects and the potential mechanisms against MM of forskolin, a diterpene derived from the medicinal plant Coleus forskohlii, in MM cell line MM.1S. CCK-8 assay showed that forskolin significantly inhibited MM.1S cells viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrated that forskolin induced G2/M phase arrest with a remarkable increase of p-cdc25c, p-cdc2, and a decrease of cyclin B1, indicating the suppression of cdc25C/cdc2/cyclin B pathway. Moreover, we found that forskolin induced mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis which was accompanied by the increase of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, Bad, Bim and Bid, the decrease of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, the changes of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and increase of cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. Of note, we demonstrated that forskolin induced a decrease of p-C-Raf, p-MEK, p-ERK1/2 and p-p90Rsk, and an increase of p-PERK, p-eIF2α and CHOP, which indicated that the inhibition of Raf/MEK/ERK pathway and activation of PERK/eIF2α/CHOP pathway were involved, at least partially, in forskolin-induced MM.1S cells apoptosis. These findings confirm the anti-MM action of forskolin and extend the understanding of its anti-MM mechanism in MM.1S cells, as well as reinforcing the evidence for forskolin as a natural chemotherapeutic compound against MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei-Wen Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine.,Center of Science and Research
| | - Chen Li
- School of Basic Medicine.,School of Bioscience and Technology
| | - Ming-Xiang Gao
- Center of Science and Research.,School of Clinical Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Song-Ting Shi
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Basic Medicine.,School of Bioscience and Technology
| | | | | | - Min-Hui Li
- School of Basic Medicine.,Center of Science and Research
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Li MH, Liao X, Li C, Wang TT, Sun YS, Yang K, Jiang PW, Shi ST, Zhang WX, Zhang K, Li C, Yang P. Lycorine hydrochloride induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and the JNK signaling pathway in the oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-3 cell line. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:236. [PMID: 33613725 PMCID: PMC7856689 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor drug efficacy is a prominent cause of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treatment failure. Although increased efforts in developing OSCC therapeutic strategies have been achieved in recent decades, the 5-year survival rate of patients with OSCC remains poor and effective drugs to treat OSCC are lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the apoptotic effect caused by lycorine hydrochloride (LH) and to identify its mechanism in the OSCC HSC-3 cell line. The findings demonstrated that LH effectively induced HSC-3 cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation. Furthermore, it was found that LH increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, triggered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disorder, enhanced the protein expression levels of Bax, Bim, cleaved caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and decreased Mcl-1 expression. The protein expression levels of important members of the JNK signaling pathway, including phosphorylated (p)-JNK, p-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 and p-c-Jun, were significantly increased in LH-treated cells, accompanied by an increase in ROS. However, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, reversed the upregulated mRNA expression of c-Jun, as well as the enhanced ROS production, the disorder of MMP and the apoptosis of HSC-3 cells induced by LH. These results suggested that LH may induce HSC-3 cell apoptosis via the ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and the JNK signaling pathway, which indicated that LH may be a potential drug candidate for anti-OSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Li
- Center of Science and Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China.,School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liao
- Center of Science and Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China.,School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Song Sun
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Kang Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Wen Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Song-Ting Shi
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xin Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
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