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Babar Q, Saeed A, Tabish TA, Sarwar M, Thorat ND. Targeting the tumor microenvironment: Potential strategy for cancer therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166746. [PMID: 37160171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellular and stromal components including tumor cells, immune cells, mesenchymal cells, cancer-linked fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix, constituent tumor microenvironment (TME). TME plays a crucial role in reprogramming tumor initiation, uncontrolled proliferation, invasion and metastasis as well as response to therapeutic modalities. In recent years targeting the TME has developed as a potential strategy for treatment of cancer because of its life-threatening functions in restricting tumor development and modulating responses to standard-of-care medicines. Cold atmospheric plasma, oncolytic viral therapy, bacterial therapy, nano-vaccine, and repurposed pharmaceuticals with combination therapy, antiangiogenic drugs, and immunotherapies are among the most effective therapies directed by TME that have either been clinically authorized or are currently being studied. This article discusses above-mentioned therapies in light of targeting TME. We also cover problems related to the TME-targeted therapies, as well as future insights and practical uses in this rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quratulain Babar
- Department of Biochemistry Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Saeed
- Department of Biochemistry Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer A Tabish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Mohsin Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nanasaheb D Thorat
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, Castletroy, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland; Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe Hospital, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Limerick Digital Cancer Research Centre (LDCRC) University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland.
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Babar Q, Saeed A, Murugappan S, Dhumal D, Tabish T, Thorat ND. Promise of dostarlimab in cancer therapy: Advancements and cross-talk considerations. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103577. [PMID: 37004983 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy for cancer treatment using monoclonal antibodies has shown clinical success, particularly with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Dostarlimab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, interacts with adaptive immunity by binding to human PD-1, inhibiting PD-L1 and PD-L2 interactions, and cross-talk with adaptive immunity. Recent clinical trials have shown that dostarlimab is effective in treating mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) in endometrial cancer patients, leading to its approval in the United States and the European Union in 2021. This article provides a comprehensive overview of dostarlimab, its therapeutic ability, and the different indications for which it is being used. Dostarlimab could serve as a potential alternative to many cancer treatments that frequently have severe consequences on patients' quality of life. Teaser The comprehensive story behind dostarlimab is how it cured all 18 cancer patients who took part in the experimental clinical trial, ultimately leading to its approval by the US FDA.
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Obeagu EI, Babar Q, Vincent CCN, Udenze CL, Eze R, Okafor CJ, Ifionu BI, Amaeze AA, Amaeze FN. Therapeutic Targets In Breast Cancer Signaling: A Review. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i56a33889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For women, the most dominant type of cancer is breast cancer and perhaps one of the most recognizedreasons of death. This is a disorder of many distinct traits, many of which are known as positive hormone receptor, human epidermal receptor-2 (HER2+), and three negative breast cancers (TNBC). Drugs that directly target and kill tumors constitute a rapidly-growing form of molecular therapy for cancer patients. Analysis reveals that stable breast tissue cells exhibit receptors which aren't usually present. As a result, it is imperative to cognize the molecular roots of breast cancer and the myriad compromised pathology-related processes and pathways to ensure progresses in early diagnosis and prevention. This study demonstrates essential cellular pathways relevant for breast cancer including improvements in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and hormone balances in breast tissues. On the basis of these notions, we consider how breast cancer is associated to the creation of potentially therapeutic interventions and predictive biomarkers.
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Babar Q, Obeagu EI, Udenze CL, Ifionu BI, Vincent CCN, Okafor CJ, Nwobodo EI, Ibe COC. Metastasis Relapse in Synovial Sarcoma of Parotid Gland Followed by Neuropathies and Tissue Damage: A Case Report. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i54a33726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors, accounting for 1-2% of adult cancers worldwide. Formation of synovial sarcoma after tissue and nerve injury, radiations induced neuropathies and latent metastasis is those events which are still controversial and need more research. In this report, we present the case of an 18-year-old female patient who developed synovial sarcoma followed by a punch to the face. MRI showed lobulated lesion of 4x3cm appreciated in left parotid space. In spite of Parotidectomy, radiotherapy and radiosurgery followed by MRI and CT-scan latent metastasis was raised in lungs which leads to demise of patient. There are numerous potential etiologic and neurological factors for the development of latent metastasis in synovial sarcoma. Here we will summarize all factors and its complications according to the current literature.
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Ali A, Mughal H, Ahmad N, Babar Q, Saeed A, Khalid W, Raza H, Liu A. Novel therapeutic drug strategies to tackle immune-oncological challenges faced by cancer patients during COVID-19. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:1371-1383. [PMID: 34643141 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1991317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For the clinical treatment of cancer patients, coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) can cause serious immune-related problems. Cancer patients, who experience immunosuppression due to the pathogenesis and severity of disease, may become more aggressive due to multiple factors such as age, comorbidities, and immunosuppression. In this pandemic era, COVID-19 causes lymphopenia, cancer cell awakening, inflammatory diseases, and a cytokine storm that worsens disease-related morbidity and prognosis. AREAS COVERED We discuss all the risk factors of COVID-19 associated with cancer patients and propose new strategies to use antiviral and anticancer drugs for therapeutic purposes. We bring new drugs, cancers and COVID-19 treatment strategies together to address the immune system challenges faced by oncologists. EXPERT OPINION The chronic inflammatory microenvironment caused by COVID-19 awakens dormant cancer cells through inflammation and autoimmune activation. Drug-related strategies to ensure that clinical treatment can reduce the susceptibility of cancer patients to COVID-19, and possible counter-measures to minimize the harm caused by the COVID-19 have been outlined. The response to the pandemic and recovery has been elaborated, which can provide information for long-term cancer treatment and speed up the optimization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Food and Nutrition Society, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Mughal
- Department of Nutrition, Aziz Fatima Medical and Dental College, and Aziz Fatima Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Babar
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Saeed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Raza
- Department of Social Sciences, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Obeagu EI, Babar Q, Uduchi IO, Ibekwe AM, Chijioke UO, Okafor CJ, Vincent CCN. An Update on Transfusion Related Immunomodulation (TRIM) in a Time of COVID- 19 Pandemic. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i42a32394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recipients' immune systems are triggered by blood and blood component therapy. Transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) is a complicated immunological response to transfusion that results in immunosuppression. The mechanisms of TRIM include the presence of residual white blood cells and apoptotic cells, the infusion of immunosuppressive cytokines that are present in donor components or that occur during blood processing, the transfer of metabolically active growth factor-loaded particles and extracellular vesicles, and the presence of hemoglobin or extracellular vesicles binds to hemoglobin. TRIM variables include donor-specific factors and processing variables. TRIM can explain, at least partially, the controversial negative clinical results observed in patients with covid19. Many potential treatment methods have been used in clinical practice, including supportive interventions, immunomodulators, antiviral therapy, and infusion of convalescent plasma. Here, we summarize current potential treatments for COVID-19 infection-related diseases and discuss the clinical value of blood transfusion-related technologies for COVID-19 treatment in blood transfusion-related immune regulation.
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Obeagu EI, Babar Q, Vincent CCN, Okafor CJ, Eze R, Chijioke UO, Ibekwe AM, Uduchi IO. Pulmonary Embolism in Covid-19 Pandemic: A Threat to Recovery of the Infected Patients. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i42a32388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is a new type of coronavirus that can cause Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) and is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis-related pulmonary embolism. Globally, doctors have revised their management strategies for suspected and confirmed PD in patients with Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) in 2019. Choosing the right drug and the right dose requires consideration of potential comorbidities, which can be explained by the direct and indirect pathological consequences of Covid-19, complement activation, cytokine release, endothelial dysfunction, and the interaction between different types of blood cells. Discuss the pathophysiological events, therapeutic mortality strategies, risk factors and clinical management of patients with Covid-19 pulmonary embolism.
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