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Muñoz-Antoli C, Irisarri-Gutiérrez MJ, Acosta L, Bonet MJ, Esteban JG, Toledo R. Intestinal parasitic infections and their potential risk factors among prison inmates in Valencia, Spain. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:616. [PMID: 37726678 PMCID: PMC10507839 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the fact that prison inmates are a population at higher risk than other groups of suffering from intestinal parasite infections in relation to their living conditions, information about these diseases in prison environments is still scarce. Herein, we analyze the status of intestinal parasite infections in a Spanish prison. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 528 inmates was conducted from April to June 2022 among inmates at Centro Penitenciario Picassent (Valencia, Spain). Stool specimens were examined using the direct wet mount technique, the formol-ether concentration technique, and the Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. We used STATA 16.1 for data analysis. We consider a p-value less than 0.05 significant at a 95% confidence level. RESULTS Of the 528 inmates (471 men and 57 women; a mean age of 41.94 years) enrolled in the study, 83 (15.7%) were infected. Only six species of protozoa were detected. The gut potential microeukaryotic pathobiont Blastocystis sp. was the predominant parasite, accounting for 37 (44.6%) of the infections. Gut parasite amebas (6.6%) and pathobionts (5.3%) were more prevalent than flagellates (2.3%). The prevalence of infection with pathogenic species (8.9%) was similar to that of non-pathogenic species (8.7%). Infection among men (15.2%) was higher than in women (0.6%) (p < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, the country of birth (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.18-0.52) and the time spent in prison (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.06-3.14) were statistically significant associated to intestinal parasite infections (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.028, respectively). CONCLUSION This study found low levels of intestinal parasite infections in the CPP which could be indicative of the implementation of sanitary measures in prison environments in Spain. The less time spent in prison favor the risk of having infection while the Spanish nationality of inmates could reduce the risk of infection. The main recommendation would be to introduce routine parasitological tests upon foreigners entering prison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María José Irisarri-Gutiérrez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucrecia Acosta
- Parasitology Area, Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández de Elche University, Alicante, Spain
| | - María José Bonet
- Medical Deputy Director, Picassent Penitentiary Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guillermo Esteban
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Ros J, Matito J, Villacampa G, Comas R, Garcia A, Martini G, Baraibar I, Saoudi N, Salvà F, Martin Á, Antista M, Toledo R, Martinelli E, Pietrantonio F, Boccaccino A, Cremolini C, Dientsmann R, Tabernero J, Vivancos A, Elez E. Plasmatic BRAF-V600E allele fraction as a prognostic factor in metastatic colorectal cancer treated with BRAF combinatorial treatments. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:543-552. [PMID: 36921693 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination of a BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) and an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with or without a MEK inhibitor (MEKi), improves survival in BRAF-V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) over standard chemotherapy. However, responses are heterogeneous and there are no available biomarkers to assess patient prognosis or guide doublet- or triplet-based regimens. In order to better characterize the clinical heterogeneity observed, we assessed the prognostic and predictive role of the plasmatic BRAF allele fraction (AF) for these combinations. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective discovery cohort including 47 BRAF-V600E-mutant patients treated with BRAFi-anti-EGFR ± MEKi in clinical trials and real-world practice was evaluated. Results were validated in an independent multicenter cohort (n= 29). Plasmatic BRAF-V600E AF cut-off at baseline was defined in the discovery cohort with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). All patients had tissue-confirmed BRAF-V600E mutations. RESULTS Patients with high AF have major frequency of liver metastases and more metastatic sites. In the discovery cohort, median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 4.4 and 10.1 months, respectively. Patients with high BRAF AF (≥2%, n = 23) showed worse PFS [hazard ratio (HR) 2.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55-5.69; P = 0.001] and worse OS (HR 3.28, 95% CI 1.58-6.81; P = 0.001) than low-BRAF AF patients (<2%, n = 24). In the multivariable analysis, BRAF AF levels maintained independent significance. In the validation cohort, high BRAF AF was associated with worse PFS (HR 3.83, 95% CI 1.60-9.17; P = 0.002) and a trend toward worse OS was observed (HR 1.86, 95% CI 0.80-4.34; P = 0.15). An exploratory analysis of predictive value showed that high-BRAF AF patients (n = 35) benefited more from triplet therapy than low-BRAF AF patients (n = 41; PFS and OS interaction tests, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Plasmatic BRAF AF determined by ddPCR is a reliable surrogate of tumor burden and aggressiveness in BRAF-V600E-mutant mCRC treated with a BRAFi plus an anti-EGFR with or without a MEKi and identifies patients who may benefit from treatment intensification. Our results warrant further validation of plasmatic BRAF AF to refine clinical stratification and guide treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ros
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Matito
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Villacampa
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Comas
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Garcia
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Martini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - I Baraibar
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Saoudi
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Salvà
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Á Martin
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Antista
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan
| | - R Toledo
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Martinelli
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - F Pietrantonio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan
| | - A Boccaccino
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Cremolini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Dientsmann
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Tabernero
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Vivancos
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Elez
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.
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Bernatowicz K, Vieito M, Berche R, Alonso G, Galvao V, Oberoi H, Braña I, Saavedra O, Muñoz-Couselo E, Grussu F, Belen A, Serna G, Rotxes M, Sanz M, Tabernero J, Toledo R, Nuciforo P, Garralda E, Perez-Lopez R. Non-invasive biomarkers for response and survival prediction in patients with advanced solid tumours treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Muñoz-Antoli C, Pérez P, Pavón A, Toledo R, Esteban JG. High intestinal parasite infection detected in children from Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (R.A.A.N.) of Nicaragua. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5872. [PMID: 35393466 PMCID: PMC8990018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of epidemiological information concerning intestinal parasitic infections, and especially in soil-transmitted helminths, occurring in some departments of Nicaragua. Up to now, this is the first study involving two nearby areas (Puerto Cabezas and Siuna municipalities) of the Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (R.A.A.N.). One stool sample was analyzed by Kato-Katz, formaldehyde-ethyl acetate concentration method and modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique, and a simple questionnaire concerning demographic, sanitary and behavioral data was distributed among 735 children and evaluated. Overall prevalence of infection reached 97.0%, being the highest prevalences detected in all Nicaragua. The higher protozoan prevalence appears in Siuna (94.5%), a rural interior municipality, with a typical tropical monsoon climate, while the higher helminths rates were reached in Puerto Cabezas (92.8%), the urbanized coastal capital, with a typical tropical rainforest climate. No statistical differences were found with regard to sex. However, the 6-11-year age-group children presented the highest prevalences. Most T. trichiura infections (59.4%) were of light intensity, while 51.7% of Ascaris lumbricoides were of moderate intensity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that those who drink rainwater and walk barefoot were 2.9 and 2.5 times more likely to have helminth infections, respectively. Results from one geographical setting might not be applied to other nearby with different climatic conditions. The use of anthelmintic drugs only will not be sufficient to bring prevalence to low levels. It is necessary to design geographically more specific intervention, with communication and interaction between different disciplines (e.g. parasitology, biochemistry, molecular biology, epidemiology, public health, etc.) being imperative to reduce STH infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Área Parasitología, Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Área Parasitología, Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aleyda Pavón
- Departamento Bioanálisis Clínico, Instituto Politécnico de La Salud (IPS-Polisal), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Área Parasitología, Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Guillermo Esteban
- Área Parasitología, Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Irisarri-Gutiérrez MJ, Acosta L, Parker LA, Toledo R, Bornay-Llinares FJ, Esteban JG, Muñoz-Antolí C. Anemia and undernutrition in intestinally parasitized schoolchildren from Gakenke district, Northern Province of Rwanda. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262361. [PMID: 34990483 PMCID: PMC8735607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rwanda is a sub-Saharan country, where intestinal parasite infections, anemia and undernutrition coexist. The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between intestinal parasite infections and undernutrition/anemia to clarify the priorities of intervention in the rural area of Gakenke district in the Northern Province of Rwanda. Materials and methods A total of 674 students from Nemba I School, participated in a cross-sectional study, in which their parasitological and nutritional status were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed by χ2 test, univariate analysis and Odds ratios (OR). Results A total of 95.3% of children presented intestinal parasitism, most of whom (94.5%) infected by protozoa and 36.1% infected by soil-transmitted helminths (STH), with Trichuris trichiura (27.3%) being the most prevalent. Multiple infections were found to be high (83.8%), with protozoa and STH co-infections in 30.6%. STH infections were mainly of low/moderate intensity. Neither infection nor STH infection of any intensity profile, was significantly related to anemia. In addition, STH infection, regardless of the intensity profile, was not associated with stunting, underweight or thinness. There was no difference between genders nor among ages in odds of anemia and nutritional status in STH-infected schoolchildren. Conclusion Multiparasitism remains high among Rwandan schoolchildren and is likely to cause nutritional problems. This work emphasizes the importance of keeping up health programs to reduce the prevalence of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Irisarri-Gutiérrez
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucrecia Acosta
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento Agroquímica y Medioambiente, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Sanatorio “Fontilles”, Vall de Laguar, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lucy Anne Parker
- Departamento Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Jorge Bornay-Llinares
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento Agroquímica y Medioambiente, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Guillermo Esteban
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antolí
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Rodriguez I, Zaluski D, Jodelet PA, Lescaille G, Toledo R, Boucher Y. Effectiveness and patient satisfaction of dental emergencies in Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, during the COVID 19 pandemic. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2022; 22:255-266. [PMID: 35991364 PMCID: PMC9358271 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2022.22.4.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A previous study reported the effectiveness and patient satisfaction in the dental emergency unit (DEU) of the Pitie Salpetrière Hospital in Paris before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The same methodology was used during the COVID-19 pandemic to compare pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction during the two periods. Methods This prospective study was conducted in 2020 (NCT04354272) on adult patients. Data were collected on day zero (D0) on site and then by phone during the daytime on day one (D1), day three (D3), and day seven (D7). The primary objective was to assess the pain intensity at D1. Secondary objectives were to assess pain intensity at D3 and D7, anxiety intensity at D1, D3, and D7, and patient satisfaction. Patients were evaluated on a 0-10 numeric scale on D1, D3, and D7; mean scores were compared with non-parametric statistics (ANOVA, Dunn’s). Results A total of 445 patients were given the opportunity to participate in the study, and 370 patients consented. Seventy-one were lost during follow-up. Ultimately, 299 patients completed all the questionnaires and were included in the analysis. In the final sample (60% men, 40% women, aged 39 ± 14 years), 94% had health insurance. The mean pain scores were: D0, 6.1 ± 0.14; D1, 3.29 ± 0.16; D3, 2.08 ± 0.16; and D7, 1.07 ± 0.35. This indicates a significant decrease of 46%, 67%, and 82% at D1, D3, and D7, respectively, when compared to D0 (P < 0.0001). The mean anxiety scores were D0, 4.7 ± 0.19; D1, 2.6 ± 0.16; D3, 1.9 ± 0.61; and D7, 1.4 ± 0.15. This decrease was significant between D0 and D7 (ANOVA, P < 0.001). Perception of general health improved between D1 and D7. The overall satisfaction was 9.3 ± 0.06. Conclusion DEU enabled a significant reduction in pain and anxiety with high overall satisfaction during COVID-19, which was very similar to levels observed pre-COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Rodriguez
- UFR d’Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, France
- Service d’Odontologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Géraldine Lescaille
- UFR d’Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, France
- Service d’Odontologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Service d’Odontologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Yves Boucher
- Service d’Odontologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, LabNOF, Paris, France
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Muñoz-Antoli C, Toledo R, Esteban JG. ENTEROPARASITES IN A POPULATION IN DEPRIVED CONDITIONS FROM PROVINCE OF VALENCIA (SPAIN). J Parasitol 2022; 108:22-29. [PMID: 34995353 DOI: 10.1645/21-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomous Valencian Community (Spain) has experienced intense population growth with economic difficulties or deprivation in basic goods, ranking as the sixth Spanish autonomous region with the highest percentage of a population at risk of poverty or social exclusion. The objective of this work is to assess the level of enteroparasites in a Valencian population that meets certain deprivation conditions. A coproparasitological analysis was carried out in 460 users (children and adult relatives) of the 3 Casa Caridad schools in the province of Valencia. The parasite prevalence reached 31.7%, with a higher frequency of pathogens/potentially pathogenic species (66.4%) than non-pathogenic species (33.5%), although symptoms only appeared in 10.3% of those with pathogens/potentially pathogenic species. Of those parasitized, the presence of pathogens/potentially pathogenic species reached 20.6% in individuals living in crowded conditions and 17.5% in those living with pets. Presenting pathogens/potentially pathogenic species infection increased almost fourfold in those of southern European origin. In family groups, infection occurred among all their members, showing interpersonal parasitic transmission linked to both material deprivation and a lack of health education. Improving epidemiological surveillance, health education, and hygiene/sanitation facilities is essential to reduce or eliminate parasitic transmission among those who suffer from certain deprivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología farmacéutica y Parasitología, Área Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad Valencia, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología farmacéutica y Parasitología, Área Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad Valencia, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guillermo Esteban
- Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología farmacéutica y Parasitología, Área Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad Valencia, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
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Élez E, Ros J, Martini G, Matito J, Villacampa G, Salva F, Baraibar I, Saoudi N, Garcia A, Comas R, Ciardiello D, Martinelli E, Nuciforo P, Pálmer H, Dienstmann R, Toledo R, Ciardiello F, Tabernero J, Vivancos A. LBA-3 Integrated analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) BRAF mutant allele fraction (MAF) and whole exome sequencing in BRAFV600E metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with BRAF-antiEGFR +/- MEK inhibitors. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Álvarez-Izquierdo M, Pérez-Crespo M, Esteban JG, Muñoz-Antoli C, Toledo R. Interleukin-25-mediated resistance against intestinal trematodes does not depend on the generation of Th2 responses. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:608. [PMID: 33276813 PMCID: PMC7716497 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cytokine interleukin-25 (IL-25) is recognized as the most relevant initiator of protective T helper 2 (Th2) responses in intestinal helminth infections. This cytokine induces resistance against several species of intestinal helminths, including the trematode Echinostoma caproni. E. caproni has been extensively used as an experimental model to study the factors determining resistance to intestinal infections. In the study reported here, we assessed the role of IL-25 in the generation of resistance in mice infected with E. caproni. Methods The factors that determine the production of IL-25 in mice experimentally infected with E. caproni were determined, as were the consequences of IL-25 production in terms of polarization of the immune response and resistance to infection. Results Our results show that the role of IL-25 in the polarization of the immune response differs between the primary and secondary immune responses. IL-25 is required for the development of a Th2 phenotype in primary E. caproni infections, but it can also promote the differentiation to Th2 memory cell subsets that enhance type-2 immunity in memory responses. However, the development of Th2 responses does not induce resistance to infection. The Th2 phenotype does not elicit resistance, and IL-25 is responsible for the resistance regardless of its type-2 cytokine activity and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT6). Alternative activation of macrophages induced by IL-25 can be implicated in the resistance to infection. Conclusions In contrast to primary infection, secondary infection elicits a type-2 immune response even in the absence of IL-25 expression. Despite the development of a type-2 response, mice are susceptible to secondary infection associated with the lack of IL-25. Resistance to infection is due to the production of IL-25, which acts autonomously from Th2 response in terms of parasite clearance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- María Álvarez-Izquierdo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Pérez-Crespo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guillermo Esteban
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
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Álvarez-Izquierdo M, Guillermo Esteban J, Muñoz-Antoli C, Toledo R. Ileal proteomic changes associated with IL-25-mediated resistance against intestinal trematode infections. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:336. [PMID: 32616023 PMCID: PMC7331265 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode, which has been extensively used to investigate the factors that determine the rejection of intestinal helminths. In this sense, several studies have shown that IL-25 is critical for the development of resistance against E. caproni in mice. In fact, treatment of mice with recombinant IL-25 generates resistance against primary E. caproni infection. However, the mechanisms by which IL-25 induces resistance remain unknown. Methods To study the mechanisms responsible for resistance elicited by IL-25, we analyzed the ileal proteomic changes induced by IL-25 in mice and their potential role in resistance. To this purpose, we compared the protein expression profiles in the ileum of four experimental groups of mice: naïve controls; E. caproni-infected mice; rIL-25-treated mice; and rIL-25-treated mice exposed to E. caproni metacercariae. Results Quantitative comparison by 2D-DIGE showed significant changes in a total of 41 spots. Of these, 40 validated protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry corresponding to 24 proteins. Conclusions Our results indicate that resistance to infection is associated with the maintenance of the intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the regulation of proliferation and cell death. These results provide new insights into the proteins involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis after intestinal infection and its transcendence in resistance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- María Álvarez-Izquierdo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guillermo Esteban
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Cortés A, Mikeš L, Muñoz-Antolí C, Álvarez-Izquierdo M, Esteban JG, Horák P, Toledo R. Secreted cathepsin L-like peptidases are involved in the degradation of trapped antibodies on the surface of Echinostoma caproni. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:3377-3386. [PMID: 31720841 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibody trapping is a recently described strategy for immune evasion observed in the intestinal trematode Echinostoma caproni, which may aid to avoiding the host humoral response, thus facilitating parasite survival in the presence of high levels of local-specific antibodies. Parasite-derived peptidases carry out the degradation of trapped antibodies, being essential for this mechanism. Herein, we show that cathepsin-like cysteine endopeptidases are active in the excretory/secretory products (ESPs) of E. caproni and play an important role in the context of antibody trapping. Cysteine endopeptidase activity was detected in the ESPs of E. caproni adults. The affinity probe DCG-04 distinguished a cysteine peptidase band in ESPs, which was specifically recognized by an anti-cathepsin L heterologous antibody. The same antibody localized this protein in the gut and syncytial tegument of adult worms. Studies with cultured parasites showed that in vivo-bound antibodies are removed from the parasite surface in the absence of peptidase inhibitors, while addition of cathepsin L inhibitor prevented their degradation. These results indicate that cathepsin L-like peptidases are involved in the degradation of surface-trapped antibodies and suggest that cysteine peptidases are not only crucial for tissue-invading trematodes, but they can be equally relevant at the parasite-host interface in gut-dwelling flukes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Libor Mikeš
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antolí
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Álvarez-Izquierdo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guillermo Esteban
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Petr Horák
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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12
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Tenenbaum A, Sarric M, Bas AC, Toledo R, Descroix V, Azogui-Levy S. [Children's consultations for dental emergency. Retrospective study in Île-de-France]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2019; 68:17-24. [PMID: 31668991 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In France, the children oral health status has improved but the use of care remains insufficient. The complexity of the acts, the access to care difficulties and the programs of prevention and care for children lack of knowledge contribute to late care and often, in emergency. This study aims to describe the young patients' characteristics consulting in dental emergency and analyse the modalities of recourse. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on medical records. An extraction of data was carried out concerning all children under the age of 16, admitted to the Dental Emergency Functional Unit of the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group in 2015. Several variables of interest were analysed: socio-demographic characteristics, the time of the visit and the diagnostic category (tooth pathologies, facial trauma, infections, periodontal diseases and other emergencies). Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted. RESULTS On the 62,500 dental emergency consultations in 2015, 5359 were for patients under 16 years of age (8%). Data were available for 5044 children. Among these, children aged 6 to 11 accounted most of consultations (43.9%). There were more boys (57.2%). The most frequent emergency diagnoses were related to a tooth pathology (42.9%) and traumatic event (38.4%). Consultations were more held on the evening schedule on weekdays and the day on weekends. Patients aged 0 to 5 years consulted more at night (P<10-3) and were, proportionally, the most affected by traumatic events (39.2%). Children aged 6 to 11 and 12 to 16 years consulted more often during the day (P<10-3), for emergencies related to a carious event (43.9% and 43.6%). Patients residing in Seine-Saint-Denis accounted for 22.6% of total visits and those living in Paris accounted for 20.8%. CONCLUSION A large proportion of children presenting for dental emergencies, have most of the time, only the need for usual care. An offer of dental care, adapted to the territory needs, is necessary for the children dental health management. Preventive measures from an early age and early recourse would be favourable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tenenbaum
- UFR d'Odontologie-Garancière, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Service d'odontologie du groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Laboratoire Educations et Pratiques de Santé, EA 3412, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.
| | - M Sarric
- Service d'odontologie du groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - A C Bas
- UFR d'Odontologie-Garancière, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Service d'odontologie du groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - R Toledo
- Service d'odontologie du groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - V Descroix
- UFR d'Odontologie-Garancière, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Service d'odontologie du groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - S Azogui-Levy
- UFR d'Odontologie-Garancière, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Service d'odontologie du groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Laboratoire Educations et Pratiques de Santé, EA 3412, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.
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Abstract
Digenetic trematodes form a major group of human parasites, affecting a large number of humans, especially in endemic foci. Over 100 species have been reported infecting humans, including blood, lung, liver, and intestinal parasites. Traditionally, trematode infections have been diagnosed by parasitological methods based on the detection and the identification of eggs in different clinical samples. However, this is complicated due to the morphological similarity between eggs of different trematode species and other factors such as lack of sensitivity or ectopic locations of the parasites. Moreover, the problem is currently aggravated by migratory flows, international travel, international trade of foods, and changes in alimentary habits. Although efforts have been made for the development of immunological and molecular techniques, the detection of eggs through parasitological techniques remains as the gold standard for the diagnosis of trematodiases. In this chapter, we review the current status of knowledge on diagnostic techniques used when examining feces, urine, and sputum and also analyze the most relevant characteristics used to identify eggs with a quick key for the identification of eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guillermo Esteban
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lawrence R Ash
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Oishi CY, Klisiowicz DDR, Seguí R, Köster PC, Carmena D, Toledo R, Esteban JG, Muñoz-Antoli C. Reduced prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths and high frequency of protozoan infections in the surrounding urban area of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2019; 7:e00115. [PMID: 31660444 PMCID: PMC6807289 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human populations living in the surrounding urban areas of large Brazilian cities have increased vulnerability to intestinal parasites. However, the epidemiological scenario of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) in Curitiba, Paraná's main city, remains largely unknown. To bridge this gap of knowledge, this study aims to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and to investigate potential transmission pathways of the most prevalent species detected. We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study between July and September 2014 among schoolchildren in urban and peri-urban (deprived) areas of the municipality of Campo do Tenente, Curitiba. A total of 549 stool samples were used for coproparasitological diagnosis. Microscopy-positive samples of the most common species found were re-assessed by PCR and sequencing methods at the small subunit rRNA gene. Prevalence of infection by any given enteroparasite was 24.8%, but soil-transmitted helminths were only detected in 3.5% of the examined samples. Frequency of protozoan infections reached 90% and 97.8% in single and multiple infections, respectively. Blastocystis sp. (38.9%) was the most frequently species found in the surveyed schoolchildren population. A total of 41 Blastocystis-positive samples were unambiguously typed as ST1 (36.4%), ST2 (21.2%), ST3 (39.4%), and ST1 + ST3 mixed infection (3.0%). These results indicate that Blastocystis transmission is primarily anthroponotic in origin. This data highlights the importance of maintaining the anthelminthic control programs currently in place and of improving sanitary disposal of human excreta in poor-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Yumi Oishi
- Post-Graduate Program in Microbiology and Pathology, Department of Basic Pathology, Biological Sciences Area, Paraná Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Débora do Rocio Klisiowicz
- Post-Graduate Program in Microbiology and Pathology, Department of Basic Pathology, Biological Sciences Area, Paraná Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Seguí
- Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Área Parasitología, Facultat Farmàcia, Universitat València, Spain
| | - Pamela C Köster
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Área Parasitología, Facultat Farmàcia, Universitat València, Spain
| | - José Guillermo Esteban
- Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Área Parasitología, Facultat Farmàcia, Universitat València, Spain
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Área Parasitología, Facultat Farmàcia, Universitat València, Spain
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15
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Vieira V, Pacheco L, Demetrio L, Balbi E, Bellinha T, Toledo R, Auler L, Pestana D, Schul M. Left Hepatic Lobectomy in the Living Donor-Comparison Between Open vs Laparoscopic Surgery. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:1601-1604. [PMID: 31155200 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Laparoscopic hepatic surgery dramatically changed surgical practice in the last decades, improving outcomes in correctly selected patients. The reduction of postoperative pain, lower rate of complication, early return to work activities, and better esthetic result have been well described in several studies. The success of these procedures would inevitably clash in the more complex and delicate field of hepatectomy in the living donor. The 2nd International Consensus of the Conference on Laparoscopic Liver Surgery considers laparoscopic hepatectomy in the donor as an ideal procedure. The aim of this study is to compare the results between conventional and laparoscopic surgery; prospective data and retrospective analysis of 55 cases of live liver donor lobectomy were collected between January 2013 and June 2018. The mean age was 30.4 years in the video laparoscopic technique and 32.1 years in conventional surgery; the majority of donors were male in both groups. The mean time of ischemia was 70.2 minutes (range, 50-120 minutes) in laparoscopic surgery and 80.2 minutes (range, 50-165 minutes) in conventional surgery. The surgical time ranged from 270 to 800 minutes (mean, 452 minutes) in laparoscopic surgery and ranged from 300 to 600 minutes (mean, 424 minutes) in conventional surgery. The mean length of hospital stay was 2.2 days in laparoscopy and 3.97 days in conventional surgery. Laparoscopic left liver lobectomy in the living donor is safe and feasible. There was no significant difference in surgical time; however, the time of hospitalization was lower in patients submitted to laparoscopic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vieira
- Liver Transplant Service of Children's State Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - L Pacheco
- Liver Transplant Service of Children's State Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L Demetrio
- Liver Transplant Service of Children's State Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Balbi
- Liver Transplant Service of Children's State Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T Bellinha
- Liver Transplant Service of Children's State Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R Toledo
- Liver Transplant Service of Children's State Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L Auler
- Liver Transplant Service of Children's State Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D Pestana
- Liver Transplant Service of Children's State Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Schul
- Liver Transplant Service of Children's State Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Fasciolopsiasis is rarely known as the parasitic disease in Nepal. Herein, we report a case of fasciolopsiasis in a 22-year-old man who was admitted in the hospital with abdominal pain, distension and loss of appetite for a month. He had previously diagnosed with acute viral hepatitis but, his abdominal pain was not resolving despite improvement in his liver function and general condition. During endoscopy an adult digenean worm was seen in the first part of the duodenum. After isolation, the worm was identified morphologically as Fasciolopsis buski. Microscogic examination of the patient’s stool revealed eggs with a morphology consistent with F. buski. Eggs were yellow-brown, ellipsoidal, unembmbryonated, operculated, filled with yolk cells, with thin shell and ranging 118–130 μm in length and 60–69 μm in width. The abdominal pain of the patient was resolved after treatment with praziquantel. By the present study, it was confirmed for the first time that fasciolopsiasis is indigenously transmitted in Nepal. Accordingly, the epidemiological studies in humans and reservoir host animals should be performed intensively in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Disease), Medanta, The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Michele Calatri
- University of Cagliari-Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Area de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Vieira V, Pacheco L, Demetrio L, Balbi E, Bellinha T, Toledo R, Auler L, Halpern M, Pinto L, Guaraldi B, Victor L, Bigi J, Carius L, Roma J. Liver Transplantation for Acute Liver Failure due to Yellow Fever: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:1625-1628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Sah R, Acosta L, Toledo R. A case report of human gastrodiscoidiasis in Nepal. Parasitol Int 2019; 71:56-58. [PMID: 30926537 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Gastrodiscoidiasis is a snail-transmitted zoonotic infection caused by the digenean trematode Gastrodiscoides hominis, which is the only species in the genus Gastrodiscoides infecting humans. We report a case of human gastrodiscoidiasis in a 66 years-old Nepali man without history of travels outside of Nepal who was admitted in the hospital with pain in upper abdomen for 4 months with history of passage of black-tarry stools, anemia and eosinophilia. During upper endoscopy a living trematode worm was seen in the antrum of the stomach. After isolation, the worm was identified morphologically as Gastrodiscoides hominis. Stool analysis of the patient revealed eggs of this parasite. The cause of the infection appeared to be related to the habit of the patient to eat raw watercress. This is the first report of human infection with Gastrodiscoides hominis in Nepal. However, the burden of this foodborne trematode infection in Nepal might be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Disease), Medanta The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
| | - Lucrecia Acosta
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Ctra. Valencia Km 8.7, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Area de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Acosta L, Sah R, Chaudhary M, Khadka S, Toledo R. Non-related contact lens coinfection with Acanthamoeba and Fusarium. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.269909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Toledo R, Alvárez-Izquierdo M, Muñoz-Antoli C, Esteban JG. Intestinal Trematode Infections. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2019; 1154:181-213. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Muñoz-Antoli C, Pérez P, Pavón A, Toledo R, Esteban JG. Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections and Anemia in Schoolchildren from Corn Island Archipelago (RAAS, Nicaragua). Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:1591-1597. [PMID: 30298802 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in schoolchildren from Corn Islands (Nicaragua) were examined to detect mono- or poly-STH infected children, measuring different intensity levels, and to elucidate measurably increased odds of being anemic. A total of 341 stool samples provided by 2- to 15-year-old children were examined using a concentration technique and a Kato-Katz slide. Intensity of infection was expressed as eggs per gram (epg) of feces to classify light, moderate, or heavy intensity infection. A finger-prick blood sample was obtained from each student in the field. Soil-transmitted helminth prevalence was 54.3%, with Trichuris trichiura as the most prevalent species (48.9%). The combination T. trichiura/Ascaris lumbricoides (12.6%) was the most common. When T. trichiura or A. lumbricoides appeared as a single infection, light or moderate intensity infections were seen, whereas when multiple species were identified, heavy infections were present. Anemia was detected in those with any kind of STH infection (42.7%), with statistically significant differences (P = 0.004) when compared with uninfected individuals (28.2%). Polyparasite infection with one parasite species at moderate intensity and the other parasite species at light intensity or absent was found to be a significant factor for the odds of being anemic (odds ratio = 2.07). The present study reveals a high level of STH transmission requiring a deworming control program in Corn Islands and pointing to the need of improving the education and sanitary conditions of the population to avoid environmental contamination and reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Departamento Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, España
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Departamento Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, España
| | - Aleyda Pavón
- Departamento Bioanálisis Clínico, Instituto Politécnico de la Salud (IPS-Polisal), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Departamento Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, España
| | - Jose-Guillermo Esteban
- Departamento Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, España
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Miquel J, Martellet MR, Acosta L, Toledo R, Pétavy AF. Reinvestigation of the sperm ultrastructure of Hypoderaeum conoideum (Digenea: Echinostomatidae). Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3725-3732. [PMID: 30173341 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spermatological characteristics of the digenean Hypoderaeum conoideum (Echinostomatidae) collected from Anas platyrhynchos in the Lac d'Annecy (France) were reinvestigated using transmission electron microscopy. The previous study on this species only describes the presence of two axonemes of unequal lengths, a mitochondrion, a posterior nucleus, and the disposition of cortical microtubules. The present ultrastructural study reveals that the mature spermatozoon of H. conoideum is a filiform cell tapered at both extremities. The sperm cell exhibits the characteristics of a digenean spermatozoa type V, namely two axonemes of the 9 + '1' pattern of trepaxonematan Platyhelminthes, external ornamentation of the plasma membrane associated with cortical microtubules, and located in the anterior part of the proximal region of the sperm cell, lateral expansions, two bundles of parallel cortical microtubules, maximum number of cortical microtubules in the anterior part of the spermatozoon, and presence of two mitochondria. In addition, the sperm cell of H. conoideum shows spine-like bodies and a posterior extremity with only the nucleus. The ultrastructural characters of the spermatozoon of H. conoideum are compared with those of other digeneans belonging to the superfamily Echinostomatoidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Miquel
- Secció de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, sn, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Magalie René Martellet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA Epidémiologie des maladies animales et zoonotiques, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Lucrecia Acosta
- Área de Parasitología del Departamento de Agroquímica y Medioambiente, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Anne-Françoise Pétavy
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, 8 Av. Rockefeller, 69373, Lyon, Cedex 08, France
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Seguí R, Muñoz-Antoli C, Klisiowicz DR, Oishi CY, Köster PC, de Lucio A, Hernández-de-Mingo M, Puente P, Toledo R, Esteban JG, Carmena D. Prevalence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp., in the Paranaguá Bay, Brazil: a community survey. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:490. [PMID: 30165880 PMCID: PMC6117969 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal protozoan parasites are major contributors to the global burden of gastrointestinal disease causing significant socioeconomic consequences. Children living in resource-poor settings with restricted access to water and sanitary services are particularly at risk of these infections. Methods A prospective, community-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in Paraná (southern Brazil) between May 2015 and May 2016. A total of 766 stool samples were individually collected from volunteers (male/female ratio: 0.99; age range: 0–76 years) and used for investigating the presence of intestinal helminth and protozoan species by routine microscopic procedures including the Kato-Katz and modified Ritchie concentration methods and the Ziehl-Neelsen stain technique. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed microscopy-positive samples for Giardia duodenalis and the assemblages and sub-assemblages determined by multilocus sequence-based genotyping of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and β-giardin (bg) genes of the parasite. Identification of Blastocystis subtypes was carried out by amplification and sequencing of a partial fragment of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) of this heterokont microorganism. Results Overall, 46.1% (353/766) of the participants were infected/colonised by at least one intestinal parasite/commensal species. Protozoan and helminth species were detected in 42.7% and 10.1% of the surveyed population, respectively. Blastocystis sp. (28.2%), Endolimax nana (14.9%), and Giardia duodenalis (11.0%) were the most prevalent species found among protozoans and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.0%), Trichuris trichiura (4.6%) and hookworms (1.0%) among helminths. A total of 38 G. duodenalis-positive samples were genotyped at gdh and bg markers, revealing the presence of the sub-assemblages AII (47.4%), AII/AIII (2.6%), BIII (5.3%), BIV (26.3%) and BIII/BIV (13.1%). Two samples (5.3%) were only identified as assemblage B. AII was predominantly found in females aged 5–9 years and was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting gastrointestinal symptoms. A total of 102 Blastocystis-positive samples were successfully subtyped at the SSU rRNA gene revealing the presence of ST1 (36.3%), ST2 (15.7%), ST3 (41.2%), ST4 (2.9%), ST6 (1.0%) and ST8 (2.9%). Conclusions Data presented here indicate that enteric parasites still represent a pressing health concern in Paraná, Brazil, probably due to sub-optimal water, sanitation and hygiene conditions. A mostly anthroponotic origin is suspected for G. duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3054-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Seguí
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Parasitology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, Valencia University, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Parasitology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, Valencia University, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Debora R Klisiowicz
- Department of Basic Pathology, Biological Sciences Area, Paraná Federal University, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Curitiba, 19031, Brazil
| | - Camila Y Oishi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Biological Sciences Area, Paraná Federal University, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Curitiba, 19031, Brazil
| | - Pamela C Köster
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida de Lucio
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández-de-Mingo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Puente
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Parasitology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, Valencia University, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - José G Esteban
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Parasitology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, Valencia University, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Cortés A, Toledo R, Cantacessi C. Classic Models for New Perspectives: Delving into Helminth–Microbiota–Immune System Interactions. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:640-654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Seguí R, Klisiowicz D, Oishi CY, Toledo R, Esteban JG, Muñoz-Antoli C. Intestinal symptoms and Blastocystis load in schoolchildren of Paranaguá Bay, Paraná, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e86. [PMID: 29267594 PMCID: PMC5738771 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The symptomatology of Blastocystis cannot be attributed to any particular subtype, although can be related to a high Blastocystis infection load. One stool sample from each of 217 schoolchildren of Vale de Sol Paranaguá Bay (Paraná, Brazil) was collected. Three milliliters of each fixed stool sample were processed applying the formalin-ether concentration technique. After obtaining the overall prevalence of intestinal parasites, quantification was carried out in Blastocystis positive samples. A total of 75/217 (34.6%) children suffered from intestinal symptoms (abdominal pain and/or persistent diarrhea), of whom 41.3% (31/75) presented moderate/heavy Blastocystis load with a statistically significant risk to present intestinal symptoms (OR 0.039 [0.006-0.15]; p<0.001) Moreover, those symptomatic schoolchildren monoparasitized only by Blastocystis (10/75, 13.3%), and those polyparasitized by Blastocystis with other non-pathogenic species (15/75, 20%) with moderate/heavy loads, also entail a statistically significant risk of intestinal symptomatology, both in monoparasitism (12%, OR 0.10 [0.004-0.63]; p=0.021) and in polyparasitism with a non-pathogenic parasite (18.6%, OR 0.059 [0.002-0.35]; p=0.001). For the first time in Brazil, using data from schoolchildren of Paranaguá Bay, we demonstrated that moderate/ heavy loads of Blastocystis could be related to intestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Seguí
- Universidad de Valencia, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Parasitología, Valencia, España
| | - Debora Klisiowicz
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Camila Yumi Oishi
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Universidad de Valencia, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Parasitología, Valencia, España
| | - José Guillermo Esteban
- Universidad de Valencia, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Parasitología, Valencia, España
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Universidad de Valencia, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Parasitología, Valencia, España
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Muñoz-Antoli C, Gozalbo M, Pavón A, Pérez P, Toledo R, Esteban JG. Enteroparasites in Preschool Children on the Pacific Region of Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 98:570-575. [PMID: 29260648 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine for the first time the prevalence of enteroparasites in preschool children originating from the seven departments of the Pacific region in Nicaragua. One stool sample of each of 1,217 children, from 6 months to 5 years of age, was collected and personal data were recorded on delivery of the container. Samples fixed in 10% formalin were processed by a formol-acetate concentration and a modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. The overall prevalence of enteroparasite infections was 68.2% with a total of at least 20 species. Blastocystis hominis (45.5%), Giardia intestinalis (31.7%), Trichuris trichiura (8.2%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.2%) were the most prevalent protozoa and helminth species in the total study as well as in all departments. Protozoan prevalence presented a statistically significant difference by gender (male: 69.6%; female: 46.7%; P < 0.001), and males presented a higher T. trichiura infection rate than females (male: 9.9%; female 6.4%; P < 0.035). Protozoan prevalence increased with age with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Helminths were always more prevalent in urban areas (P < 0.0002). Protozoan infections result statistically higher than helminth infections so that water-based transmission could be suspected. Based on the differences with respect to species and parasite prevalence between the seven departments in the Pacific region of Nicaragua, the exploration of local factors associated with the transmission of enteroparasites should also be considered to reduce infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Gozalbo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aleyda Pavón
- Departamento Bionálisis Clínico, Instituto Politécnico de la Salud (IPS-Polisal), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose-Guillermo Esteban
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Cortés A, Muñoz-Antoli C, Esteban JG, Toledo R. Th2 and Th1 Responses: Clear and Hidden Sides of Immunity Against Intestinal Helminths. Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:678-693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sotillo J, Toledo R, Mulvenna J, Loukas A. Exploiting Helminth-Host Interactomes through Big Data. Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:875-888. [PMID: 28734897 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Helminths facilitate their parasitic existence through the production and secretion of different molecules, including proteins. Some helminth proteins can manipulate the host's immune system, a phenomenon that is now being exploited with a view to developing therapeutics for inflammatory diseases. In recent years, hundreds of helminth genomes have been sequenced, but as a community we are still taking baby steps when it comes to identifying proteins that govern host-helminth interactions. The information generated from genomic, immunomic, and proteomic studies, as well as from cutting-edge approaches such as proteogenomics, is leading to a substantial volume of big data that can be utilised to shed light on fundamental biology and provide solutions for the development of bioactive-molecule-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sotillo
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Departament de Farmacia, Tecnologia Farmacéutica y Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Spain
| | - Jason Mulvenna
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.
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Cortés A, Sotillo J, Muñoz-Antolí C, Molina-Durán J, Esteban JG, Toledo R. Antibody trapping: A novel mechanism of parasite immune evasion by the trematode Echinostoma caproni. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005773. [PMID: 28715423 PMCID: PMC5531663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helminth infections are among the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases, causing an enormous impact in global health and the socioeconomic growth of developing countries. In this context, the study of helminth biology, with emphasis on host-parasite interactions, appears as a promising approach for developing new tools to prevent and control these infections. Methods/Principal findings The role that antibody responses have on helminth infections is still not well understood. To go in depth into this issue, work on the intestinal helminth Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) has been undertaken. Adult parasites were recovered from infected mice and cultured in vitro. Double indirect immunofluorescence at increasing culture times was done to show that in vivo-bound surface antibodies become trapped within a layer of excretory/secretory products that covers the parasite. Entrapped antibodies are then degraded by parasite-derived proteases, since protease inhibitors prevent for antibody loss in culture. Electron microscopy and immunogold-labelling of secreted proteins provide evidence that this mechanism is consistent with tegument dynamics and ultrastructure, hence it is feasible to occur in vivo. Secretory vesicles discharge their content to the outside and released products are deposited over the parasite surface enabling antibody trapping. Conclusion/Significance At the site of infection, both parasite secretion and antibody binding occur simultaneously and constantly. The continuous entrapment of bound antibodies with newly secreted products may serve to minimize the deleterious effects of the antibody-mediated attack. This mechanism of immune evasion may aid to understand the limited effect that antibody responses have in helminth infections, and may contribute to the basis for vaccine development against these highly prevalent diseases. Helminthiases are highly prevalent neglected tropical diseases, affecting millions of people worldwide, mainly in the poorest regions. The lack of vaccines against these infections is one of the major constraints in the current parasitology and massive efforts are being done in that direction. Herein, we present a potential mechanism for parasite immune evasion consisting in trapping of surface-bound antibodies within the excretory/secretory products that are deposited over the parasite. This mechanism is aided by parasite-derived proteases, well documented virulence factors that degrade the entrapped antibodies. Altogether, this parasite strategy may serve to minimize the antibody-mediated response and promote the development of chronic infections. The present study has been done using the model trematode Echinostoma caproni, though is expected to work in other helminths, even in other groups of extracellular pathogens. This opens new expectative to better understanding of host-parasite interactions and susceptibility to helminth infections. Therefore, the results presented in this manuscript may contribute to the basis of anti-helminth vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antolí
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Molina-Durán
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Guillermo Esteban
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) prevalence, intensity, polyparasitism and co-infections in 425 children from 3 schools of Laguna de Perlas (Nicaragua) were investigated. Single stool samples were analysed by the formalin-ether method and the Kato-Katz. A total of 402 (94.6%) children were infected. Trichuris trichiura 308 (72.4%), Ascaris lumbricoides 115 (27.1%) and Hookworms 54 (12.7%) were the most prevalent STHs. Polyparasitism (322; 75.8%) with two species was most prevalent (109; 25.6%). T. trichiura with A. lumbricoides (19.3%) and T. trichiura with Hookworm (6.8%) were the most common combinations. Positive associations were observed between T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura and Hookworm (p = 0.0001). Highest Hookworm intensities appeared when three STH co-infections occurred. Moderate- heavy STH intensities appear in up to 42.1% in trichuriasis, 57.5% in ascariasis and 11.1% in Hookworm infections. Integrated control interventions covering children need to be implemented mainly in a rural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Muñoz-Antoli
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot-Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - A Pavón
- Departamento Bionálisis Clínico, Instituto Politécnico de la Salud (IPS-Polisal), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - P Pérez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot-Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - R Toledo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot-Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - J G Esteban
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot-Valencia 46100, Spain
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Rosário D, Bulhões C, Aikawa N, Toledo R, Ribeiro A, Moraes J, Bonfiglioli K, Saad C, Silva C, Bonfá E. PREDITORES DE MORTALIDADE EM PACIENTES COM ARTRITE REUMATOIDE EM USO DE BIOLÓGICOS. Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2017.07.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Muñoz-Antolí C, Seguí R, Irisarri-Gutiérrez MJ, Toledo R, Esteban JG. Taeniasis in a Spanish girl. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 40:626-628. [PMID: 27601094 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Muñoz-Antolí
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, España.
| | - Raimundo Seguí
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, España
| | - M José Irisarri-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, España
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, España
| | - José Guillermo Esteban
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, España
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Trelis M, Galiano A, Bolado A, Toledo R, Marcilla A, Bernal D. Subcutaneous injection of exosomes reduces symptom severity and mortality induced by Echinostoma caproni infection in BALB/c mice. Int J Parasitol 2016; 46:799-808. [PMID: 27590846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the importance of exosomes in the host-parasite relationship. These vesicles are an important part of the excretory/secretory pathway for proteins with the potential to alter immune responses. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the immunomodulatory role of exosomes in BALB/c mice using Echinostoma caproni as an experimental model of intestinal helminth infection. For this purpose, BALB/c mice were injected twice s.c. with purified exosomes of E. caproni, followed by experimental infection. We report a delay in the development of the parasite in mice immunised with exosomes, a concomitant reduced symptom severity and increased survival upon infection. Immunisations with exosomes evoked systemic antibody responses with high levels of IgM and IgG. IgG1, IgG2b and IgG3 are the subtypes responsible for the IgG increase. These antibodies showed specific recognition of exosomal proteins, indicating that these vesicles carry specific antigens that are involved in the humoral response. The administration of exosomes induced an increase of IFN-γ, IL-4 and TGF-β levels in the spleen of mice prior to infection. The subsequent infection with E. caproni resulted in a further increase of IL-4 and TGF-β, together with an abrupt overproduction of IL-10, suggesting the development of a Th2/Treg immune response. Our results show that the administration of exosomes primes the immune response in the host, which in turn can contribute to tolerance of the invader, reducing the severity of clinical signs in E. caproni infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Trelis
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute-La Fe, Universitat de Valencia, Av. Fdo. Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Galiano
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Anabel Bolado
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute-La Fe, Universitat de Valencia, Av. Fdo. Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Bernal
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain.
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Falcão J, Valim V, Titton D, Ranza R, Carvalho H, Bianchi W, Stadler B, Fernandes V, Louzada P, Bertolo M, Duarte A, Macieira J, Miranda J, Castelar G, Freire M, Toledo R, Moraes J, Costa I, Pereira I, Sauma M, Castro G, Brenol C, Zandonade E, Laurindo I, Baaklini C. FRI0195 Switching from anti-TNF To Non anti-TNF Therapy Yield Better Survival in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Results from Brazilian Register of Biological Agents in Rheumatic Diseases – Biobadabrasil. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ranza R, Laurindo I, Titton D, Bertolo M, Bianchi W, Brenol C, Carvalho H, Castro G, Cecconi M, Costa I, Duarte A, Fernandes V, Freire M, Louzada P, Maciera J, Miranda J, Moraes J, Pereira I, Pinheiro G, Sauma M, Stadler B, Toledo R, Valim V, Baaklini C, Descalzo M. SAT0601 Incidence of Serious Infections in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis Exposed To a-TNF Therapy. Results from Biobadabrasil Registry. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.5009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Carvalho H, Laurindo I, Ranza R, Titton D, Bertolo M, Bianchi W, Brenol C, Castelar G, Castro G, Costa I, Duarte A, Fernandes V, Freire M, Louzada P, Macieira J, MIranda J, Moraes J, Pereira I, Sauma M, Stadler B, Toledo R, Valim V, Baaklini C. SAT0586 Herpes Zoster in The Brazilian Register -Biobadabrasil. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.5238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ranza R, Laurindo I, Titton D, Bertolo M, Bianchi W, Brenol C, Bustamante M, Carvalho H, Castro G, Costa I, Duarte A, Fernandes V, Freire M, Louzada P, Maciera J, Miranda J, Moraes J, Pereira I, Pinheiro G, Sauma M, Stadler B, Toledo R, Valim V, Baaklini C, Descalzo M. THU0631 Incidence of Serious Adverse Events in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Exposed To Biologic Therapies. Results from Biobadabrasil Registry. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cortés A, Sotillo J, Muñoz-Antolí C, Trelis M, Esteban JG, Toledo R. Definitive host influences the proteomic profile of excretory/secretory products of the trematode Echinostoma caproni. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:185. [PMID: 27036527 PMCID: PMC4815245 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echinostoma caproni is an intestinal trematode extensively used as experimental model for the study of factors that determine the course of intestinal helminth infections, since this markedly depends on the host species. Although the host-dependent mechanisms for either chronic establishment or early parasite rejection have been broadly studied, little is known regarding the parasite response against different host environments. Methods To identify host-dependent differentially expressed proteins, a comparative proteomic analysis of the excretory/secretory products released from E. caproni adults, isolated from hosts displaying different compatibility with this trematode, was performed. Results A total of 19 differential protein spots were identified (14 overexpressed in mice and 5 overexpressed in rats). The establishment of chronic infections in mice is mainly associated with the overexpression by adult worms of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes (e.g. glutathione S-transferase, hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase, thiopurine S-transferase, etc.) and metabolic enzymes like enolase, leucine aminopeptidase or malate dehydrogenase. However, the overexpression of cathepsin L and the structural protein actin observed in worms isolated from rats seems not to be effective for the colonization of the intestinal mucosa of this host. Conclusions The observed differences suggest that protein expression and/or release is modulated by the local environment generated inside the host and provide useful insights in regards to the resistance mechanisms developed by parasites to ensure their long-term survival. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1465-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.,Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antolí
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Trelis
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guillermo Esteban
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Cortés A, Sotillo J, Muñoz-Antolí C, Martín-Grau C, Esteban JG, Toledo R. Resistance against Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) secondary infections in mice is not dependent on the ileal protein production. J Proteomics 2016; 140:37-47. [PMID: 27040117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode, which has been widely employed to investigate the factors determining the rejection of intestinal helminths. Protein production patterns of intestinal epithelial cells are related to the infection-induced changes that determine the course of E. caproni infections. Herein, we compare the protein production profiles in the ileum of four experimental groups of mice: control; infected; dewormed and reinfected. Worm burdens were significantly lower in secondary infections, confirming the generation of partial resistance to homologous secondary infections in mice. However, quantitative comparison by 2D-DIGE showed that the protein production profile is similar in control and dewormed mice, and after primary and secondary E. caproni infections. These results showed that, unexpectedly, protein production changes in E. caproni infections are not responsible of resistance development. Fifty-one protein spots were differentially produced between control/treated and infected/reinfected mice and 37 of them were identified by mass spectrometry. The analysis of differentially abundant proteins indicate that cell metabolism and the regulation of proliferation and cell death are the most affected processes after primary and secondary E. caproni infections. These results provide new insights into the proteins involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis after intestinal infection. SIGNIFICANCE Intestinal helminthiases are highly prevalent parasitic infections with about 1 billion people infected worldwide. In this scenario, better understanding of host-parasite relationships is needed to elucidate the factors that determine intestinal helminth rejection. The intestinal trematode Echinostoma caproni has been broadly employed in this field, with resistance against secondary homologous infections reported in mice. In this paper, new insights are provided in the regulation of tissue homeostasis after intestinal infection. The unexpected lack of an altered pattern of ileal protein production associated to resistance development suggests that this resistance depends on rapid changes, affecting the early establishment of worms, rather than the activation of later effector mechanisms. These results may contribute to the development of new control tools for the management of these parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antolí
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Martín-Grau
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guillermo Esteban
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Ibáñez-Contreras A, Poblano A, Arteaga-Silva M, Hernández-Godínez B, Hernández-Arciga U, Toledo R, Königsberg M. Visual, auditive and somatosensory pathways alterations in geriatric rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). J Med Primatol 2016; 45:92-102. [PMID: 26956694 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synapses loss during aging is associated to neurophysiologic alterations that impair organism's health span, thus making the study and prevention of sensory decline relevant for healthy aging and welfare. Therefore the aim of this study was to obtain normative data related to the electrophysiological responses of the different neurosensory components in the visual, auditory and somatosensory pathways in healthy geriatric rhesus monkeys in captivity. METHODS Twenty-four rhesus monkeys were divided in two groups: (i) Geriatric monkeys, 20-30 years of age, and (ii) Young monkeys, 7 years of age. Evoked potentials were obtained from the visual, auditory and somatosensory pathways. RESULTS Regardless the sensory pathways evaluated, a significant delay in nerve conduction was observed in the geriatric group in comparison to the young group. CONCLUSIONS Evoked potentials allowed identifying changes generated during aging in rhesus monkeys and normative data for this species were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ibáñez-Contreras
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación, Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Unidad de Primates No Humanos, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Primatología, Applied Research in Experimental Biomedicine S.A. de C.V. (APREXBIO), Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Biología Integral para Vertebrados (BIOINVERT®), Unidad de Experimentación Animal, Estado de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A Poblano
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Cognoscitiva, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M Arteaga-Silva
- Departamento Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - B Hernández-Godínez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación, Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Unidad de Primates No Humanos, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Primatología, Applied Research in Experimental Biomedicine S.A. de C.V. (APREXBIO), Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Biología Integral para Vertebrados (BIOINVERT®), Unidad de Experimentación Animal, Estado de México, Mexico.,Centro Nacional de Investigación en Instrumentación e Imagenología Médica (CI3M), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - U Hernández-Arciga
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - R Toledo
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M Königsberg
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Irisarri-Gutiérrez MJ, Muñoz-Antolí C, Acosta L, Parker LA, Toledo R, Bornay-Llinares FJ, Esteban JG. Hookworm-like eggs in children's faecal samples from a rural area of Rwanda. Afr Health Sci 2016; 16:83-8. [PMID: 27358617 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v16i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hookworm eggs identification and quantification is usually carried out by Kato-Katz method. However various structures present in the smear may be confused with eggs of such parasites. OBJECTIVE To document the presence of structures in Kato-Katz slides that could initially be misinterpreted as hookworm eggs. METHOD 497 faecal samples were analysed by Kato-Katz technique, diphasic concentration technique, agar-plate coprocultive and larvae obtained were analysed by PCR and characterized by sequencing. RESULT Hookworm-like eggs were found in 159 (32%) of the samples by Kato-Katz, finally identified as Caenorhabditis elegans by PCR technique. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of human hookworm eggs, only by the use of Kato-Katz technique can lead to false positives because of similarities with eggs of other free-living worms, from wet soils like those of Rwanda that could contaminate stool samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Irisarri-Gutiérrez
- Área de Parasitología del Departament de Biología Cel.lular i Parasitología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antolí
- Área de Parasitología del Departament de Biología Cel.lular i Parasitología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucrecia Acosta
- Área de Parasitología del Departamento de Agroquímica y Medioambiente, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain; Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Sanatorio "Fontilles", Vall de Laguar, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lucy Anne Parker
- Departamento de Salud Pública Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Área de Parasitología del Departament de Biología Cel.lular i Parasitología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Jorge Bornay-Llinares
- Área de Parasitología del Departamento de Agroquímica y Medioambiente, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Guillermo Esteban
- Área de Parasitología del Departament de Biología Cel.lular i Parasitología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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González-Martínez F, Orihuela S, Alvarez I, Dibello N, Curi L, Nin M, Wimber E, Mizraji R, Bengochea M, González G, Manzo L, Toledo R, Silva W, Chopitea Á, Lopez D, Balboa O, Porto D, Noboa O. Development of the National Kidney Transplantation Program in Uruguay. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:2336-9. [PMID: 26518920 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The first kidney transplantation (KT) in Uruguay was performed in 1969. We report the rates of KT and survival of patients and grafts up to December 2014. The country has a surface of 176,215 km(2) and a population of 3,286,314 inhabitants (18.6 inhabitants per km(2)). Till December 31, 2014, 1,940 KT have been performed in Uruguay (41.8 pmp that year); 90.4% of them were from cadaveric donors (CD). Median age of recipients (R) was 44 ± 14 years; R older than 55 years increased from 0 to 27% during the period. Our pre-emptive KT program started in 2007. Optimal donors (D) decreased from 65.2% to 35.5%, and D older than 45 years old increased from 9% to 37%. Trauma as cause of death decreased from 49% to 32% and stroke as cause of death increased from 25% to 39%. Patient survival rates at 1, 5, and 8 years were 93%, 87%, and 78%, respectively for KT performed between 1980 and 1989; they were 98%, 93%, and 89%, respectively, for KT performed between 1990 and1999; they were 97%, 91%, and 90%, respectively, for KT performed between 2000 and 2010. In December 2013, there were 1098 patients pmp in renal replacement therapy, 758 pmp in dialysis, and 340 pmp (30.9%) with a functioning graft. Our national KT program is mainly based (90.6%) on cadaveric donation. Epidemiological changes in the characteristics of R and D followed the changes in aging that occurred in the general population and the dialysis population. The survival rates from patients and kidneys are similar to those reported by the European and the American registries.
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Affiliation(s)
- F González-Martínez
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Nephrology and Urology Institute, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - S Orihuela
- Nephrology and Urology Institute, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - I Alvarez
- National Institute of Donation and Transplantation, Universidad de la República and Ministerio de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - N Dibello
- Evangelical Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Curi
- Nephrology and Urology Institute, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Nin
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Nephrology and Urology Institute, Montevideo, Uruguay; Ablation Team, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - E Wimber
- Evangelical Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Mizraji
- National Institute of Donation and Transplantation, Universidad de la República and Ministerio de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Bengochea
- National Institute of Donation and Transplantation, Universidad de la República and Ministerio de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G González
- Nephrology and Urology Institute, Montevideo, Uruguay; Ablation Team, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Manzo
- Nephrology and Urology Institute, Montevideo, Uruguay; Ablation Team, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Toledo
- National Institute of Donation and Transplantation, Universidad de la República and Ministerio de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - W Silva
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Nephrology and Urology Institute, Montevideo, Uruguay; Evangelical Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Á Chopitea
- Nephrology and Urology Institute, Montevideo, Uruguay; Ablation Team, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - D Lopez
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Evangelical Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - O Balboa
- Nephrology and Urology Institute, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - D Porto
- Nephrology and Urology Institute, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - O Noboa
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Cortés A, Sotillo J, Muñoz-Antoli C, Fried B, Esteban JG, Toledo R. Altered Protein Expression in the Ileum of Mice Associated with the Development of Chronic Infections with Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004082. [PMID: 26390031 PMCID: PMC4577103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode that has been extensively used as experimental model to investigate the factors determining the expulsion of intestinal helminths or, in contrast, the development of chronic infections. Herein, we analyze the changes in protein expression induced by E. caproni infection in ICR mice, a host of high compatibility in which the parasites develop chronic infections. Methodology/Principal Findings To determine the changes in protein expression, a two-dimensional DIGE approach using protein extracts from the intestine of naïve and infected mice was employed; and spots showing significant differential expression were analyzed by mass spectrometry. A total of 37 spots were identified differentially expressed in infected mice (10 were found to be over-expressed and 27 down-regulated). These proteins were related to the restoration of the intestinal epithelium and the control of homeostatic dysregulation, concomitantly with mitochondrial and cytoskeletal proteins among others. Conclusion/Significance Our results suggests that changes in these processes in the ileal epithelium of ICR mice may facilitate the establishment of the parasite and the development of chronic infections. These results may serve to explain the factors determining the development of chronicity in intestinal helminth infection. Intestinal helminth infections are among the most prevalent parasitic diseases and about 1 billion people are currently infected with intestinal helminths. Incidence of intestinal helminth infections is high due to both socio-economic factors that facilitates continuous re-infections and the lack of effective vaccines. In this context, further knowledge on the host-parasite relationships is required to elucidate the factors that determine the expulsion of the intestinal helminths or, in contrast, the chronic establishment of the infections. Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) is an intestinal trematode that has been extensively used as experimental model to investigate these factors. Depending on the host species. E. caproni is rapidly rejected or develops chronic infections. Herein, we analyze the changes in protein expression induced by E. caproni infection in a host in which the parasites develop chronic infections. These data may serve to get a better understanding of the factors determining the development of chronic intestinal infections. A total of 37 spots were identified differentially expressed. These proteins were related to the restoration of the intestinal epithelium and the control of homeostatic dysregulation, mitochondrial and cytoskeletal proteins among others. This suggests that the changes in these processes in the intestinal mucosa may facilitate the development of chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bernard Fried
- Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - J. Guillermo Esteban
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Cortés A, Muñoz-Antoli C, Martín-Grau C, Esteban JG, Grencis RK, Toledo R. Differential alterations in the small intestine epithelial cell turnover during acute and chronic infection with Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda). Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:334. [PMID: 26082180 PMCID: PMC4482164 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The intestinal epithelium plays a multifactorial role in mucosal defense. In this sense, augmented epithelial cell turnover appears as a potential effector mechanism for the rejection of intestinal-dwelling helminths. Methods A BrdU pulse-chase experiment was conducted to investigate the infection-induced alterations on epithelial cell kinetics in hosts of high (mouse) and low (rat) compatibility with the intestinal trematode Echinostoma caproni. Results High levels of crypt-cell proliferation and tissue hyperplasia were observed in the ileum of infected mice, coinciding with the establishment of chronic infections. In contrast, the cell migration rate was about two times higher in the ileum of infected rats compared with controls, with no changes in tissue structure, indicating that an accelerated cell turnover is associated with worm expulsion. Conclusion Our results indicate that E. caproni infection induces a rapid renewal of the intestinal epithelium in the low compatible host that may impair the establishment of proper, stable host-parasite interactions, facilitating worm clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carla Martín-Grau
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - J Guillermo Esteban
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Richard K Grencis
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Ranza R, Laurindo I, Titton D, Barbosa L, Bertolo M, Bertaccini J, Brenol C, Carvalho H, Castro G, Cecconi M, Costa I, Duarte A, Fernandes V, Freire M, Louzada P, Macieira J, Miranda J, Pereira I, Pinheiro G, Pinheiro M, Sauma M, Silva M, Toledo R, Valin V, Vieira W, Baaklini C, Descalzo M. SAT0362 Incidence of Adverse Events in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis Exposed to Anti-Tnf Therapy. Data from the Brazilian Registry for Monitoring of Biologic Therapies in Rheumatic Diseases (Biobadabrasil). Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Strongyloidiasis (caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, and to a lesser extent by Strongyloides fuelleborni) is one of the most neglected tropical diseases with endemic areas and affecting more than 100 million people worldwide. Chronic infections in endemic areas can be maintained for decades through the autoinfective cycle with the L3 filariform larvae. In these endemic areas, misdiagnosis, inadequate treatment and the facilitation of the hyperinfection syndrome by immunosuppression are frequent and contribute to a high mortality rate. Despite the serious health impact of strongyloidiasis, it is a neglected disease and very little is known about this parasite and the disease when compared to other helminth infections. Control of the disease is difficult because of the many gaps in our knowledge of strongyloidiasis. We examine the recent literature on different aspects of strongyloidiasis with emphasis in those aspects that need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Toledo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Rodrigues ES, de Macedo MD, de Melo FU, Rocha-Junior MC, de Deus Wagatsuma VM, Toledo R, Ubiali EMA, Brunetta DM, Covas DT, Kashima S. Rapid blood group genotyping by allelic discriminative real-time PCR in multiply-transfused patients. Transfus Med 2015; 25:111-4. [PMID: 25823878 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E S Rodrigues
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto
| | - M D de Macedo
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto
| | - F U de Melo
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto.,School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C Rocha-Junior
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto
| | | | - R Toledo
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto
| | | | | | - D T Covas
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto.,School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Kashima
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto
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Cortés A, Muñoz-Antoli C, Sotillo J, Fried B, Esteban JG, Toledo R. Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda): differential in vivo mucin expression and glycosylation in high- and low-compatible hosts. Parasite Immunol 2015; 37:32-42. [PMID: 25382212 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced mucus production and release appears to be a common mechanism for the clearance of intestinal helminths, and this expulsion is normally mediated by Th2-type immune responses. To investigate the factors determining the expulsion of intestinal helminths, we have analysed in vivo expression of mucin genes at the site of infection in two host species displaying different compatibility with Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda). Surprisingly, a general down-regulation on mucin mRNA expression was detected in low-compatible hosts (rats) coinciding with the development of Th2/Th17 responses and the early rejection of the worms from the intestinal lumen. This suggests the existence of a mechanism by which the parasites can modulate the mucus barrier to favour their survival. In highly compatible hosts (mice), some mucin genes were found to be up-regulated throughout the infection, probably, to protect the intestinal epithelium against the infection-induced inflammation developed in this host species. Moreover, infection-induced changes on mucin glycans were also studied by lectin histochemistry. Similar alterations were detected in the ileum of infected mice and rats, except with SNA lectin, indicating that sylated mucins might play an important role in determining the evolution of the infection in each host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cortés
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Muñoz-Antoli C, Pavón A, Marcilla A, Toledo R, Esteban JG. Prevalence and risk factors related to intestinal parasites among children in Department of Rio San Juan, Nicaragua. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2014; 108:774-82. [PMID: 25344696 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/tru160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections among children in Department of Rio San Juan (Nicaragua), to explore the extent of polyparasitism, and to identify the risk factors that might favour transmission of these parasites. METHODS A coprological study of single stool specimen, collected at random from 382 children (167 boys and 215 girls) aged 2-15 years from two municipalities, and a questionnaire, concerning demographic and epidemiological data on sanitary and behavioural habits, was filled in to identify risk factors. RESULTS About 93% of the children presented infection. Blastocystis hominis, the most frequently protozoa, and Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm, the most prevalent helminths. Polyparasitism (85.4%[326/382]), with the highest percentages detected in females (p=0.001), in the 6-11 year age group (p<0.001) and having a rural background (p<0.001). A firm relationship between any parasite and age (OR=1.2, p=0.036) and rural background (OR=0.3, p=0.027) was detected. Living in rural areas and drinking river water were also positively associated with each of the STH species detected, and walking barefoot was also associated with hookworm infection. CONCLUSIONS Government efforts should be focused on controlling the risk factors associated with these enteroparasites, with health education programmes in rural areas of Nicaragua.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Muñoz-Antoli
- Departamento Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad Valencia, Avda, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - A Pavón
- Departamento Bionálisis Clínico, Instituto Politécnico de la Salud (IPS-Polisal), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - A Marcilla
- Departamento Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad Valencia, Avda, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - R Toledo
- Departamento Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad Valencia, Avda, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - J G Esteban
- Departamento Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad Valencia, Avda, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
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