1
|
Huang T, Zhang J, Diotti RA, Pu Q. Editorial: Breakthroughs in immunotherapies and precision treatment against infectious diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:953312. [PMID: 35992164 PMCID: PMC9385178 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.953312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Roberta Antonia Diotti
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Qinqin Pu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Qinqin Pu,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maugeri N, De Lorenzo R, Clementi N, Antonia Diotti R, Criscuolo E, Godino C, Tresoldi C, Angels For Covid-BioB Study Group B, Bonini C, Clementi M, Mancini N, Ciceri F, Rovere-Querini P, Manfredi AA. Unconventional CD147-dependent platelet activation elicited by SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:434-448. [PMID: 34710269 PMCID: PMC8646617 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet activation and thrombotic events characterizes COVID-19. OBJECTIVES To characterize platelet activation and determine if SARS-CoV-2 induces platelet activation. PATIENTS/METHODS We investigated platelet activation in 119 COVID-19 patients at admission in a university hospital in Milan, Italy, between March 18 and May 5, 2020. Sixty-nine subjects (36 healthy donors, 26 patients with coronary artery disease, coronary artery disease, and seven patients with sepsis) served as controls. RESULTS COVID-19 patients had activated platelets, as assessed by the expression and distribution of HMGB1 and von Willebrand factor, and by the accumulation of platelet-derived (plt) extracellular vesicles (EVs) and HMGB1+ plt-EVs in the plasma. P-selectin upregulation was not detectable on the platelet surface in a fraction of patients (55%) and the concentration of soluble P-selectin in the plasma was conversely increased. The plasma concentration of HMGB1+ plt-EVs of patients at hospital admission remained in a multivariate analysis an independent predictor of the clinical outcome, as assessed using a 6-point ordinal scale (from 1 = discharged to 6 = death). Platelets interacting in vitro with SARS-CoV-2 underwent activation, which was replicated using SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-viral particles and purified recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunits. Human platelets express CD147, a putative coreceptor for SARS-CoV-2, and Spike-dependent platelet activation, aggregation and granule release, release of soluble P-selectin and HMGB1+ plt-EVs abated in the presence of anti-CD147 antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Hence, an early and intense platelet activation, which is reproduced by stimulating platelets in vitro with SARS-CoV-2, characterizes COVID-19 and could contribute to the inflammatory and hemostatic manifestations of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Maugeri
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca De Lorenzo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Antonia Diotti
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Cosmo Godino
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Tresoldi
- Molecular Haematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Bonini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Molecular Haematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clementi N, Ferrarese R, Criscuolo E, Diotti RA, Castelli M, Scagnolari C, Burioni R, Antonelli G, Clementi M, Mancini N. Interferon-β-1a Inhibition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 In Vitro When Administered After Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:722-725. [PMID: 32559285 PMCID: PMC7337790 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has forced the clinical and scientific community to try drug repurposing of existing antiviral agents as a quick option against severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Under this scenario, interferon (IFN) β-1a, whose antiviral potential is already known, and which is a drug currently used in the clinical management of multiple sclerosis, may represent as a potential candidate. In this report, we demonstrate that IFN-β-1a was highly effective in inhibiting in vitro SARS-CoV-2 replication at clinically achievable concentration when administered after virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Antonia Diotti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Castelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Burioni
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Caputo V, Diotti RA, Boeri E, Hasson H, Sampaolo M, Criscuolo E, Bagaglio S, Messina E, Uberti-Foppa C, Castelli M, Burioni R, Mancini N, Clementi M, Clementi N. Detection of low-level HCV variants in DAA treated patients: comparison amongst three different NGS data analysis protocols. Virol J 2020; 17:103. [PMID: 32660499 PMCID: PMC7359454 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notwithstanding the efforts of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for the treatment of chronically infected hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients, concerns exist regarding the emergence of resistance-associated substitutions (RAS) related to therapy failure. Sanger sequencing is still the reference technique used for the detection of RAS and it detects viral variants present up to 15%, meaning that minority variants are undetectable, using this technique. To date, many studies are focused on the analysis of the impact of HCV low variants using next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, but the importance of these minority variants is still debated, and importantly, a common data analysis method is still not defined. METHODS Serum samples from four patients failing DAAs therapy were collected at baseline and failure, and amplification of NS3, NS5A and NS5B genes was performed on each sample. The genes amplified were sequenced using Sanger and NGS Illumina sequencing and the data generated were analyzed with different approaches. Three different NGS data analysis methods, two homemade in silico pipeline and one commercially available certified user-friendly software, were used to detect low-level variants. RESULTS The NGS approach allowed to infer also very-low level virus variants. Moreover, data processing allowed to generate high accuracy data which results in reduction in the error rates for each single sequence polymorphism. The results improved the detection of low-level viral variants in the HCV quasispecies of the analyzed patients, and in one patient a low-level RAS related to treatment failure was identified. Importantly, the results obtained from only two out of the three data analysis strategies were in complete agreement in terms of both detection and frequency of RAS. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the need to find a robust NGS data analysis method to standardize NGS results for a better comprehension of the clinical role of low-level HCV variants. Based on the extreme importance of data analysis approaches for wet-data interpretation, a detailed description of the used pipelines and further standardization of the in silico analysis could allow increasing diagnostic laboratory networking to unleash true potentials of NGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Caputo
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology at "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Antonia Diotti
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology at "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Enzo Boeri
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Hamid Hasson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Sampaolo
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology at "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bagaglio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Messina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Castelli
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology at "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Burioni
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology at "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology at "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology at "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology at "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Clementi N, Criscuolo E, Diotti RA, Ferrarese R, Castelli M, Dagna L, Burioni R, Clementi M, Mancini N. Combined Prophylactic and Therapeutic Use Maximizes Hydroxychloroquine Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Effects in vitro. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1704. [PMID: 32754147 PMCID: PMC7365881 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is heavily hitting the world, it is of extreme importance that significant in vitro observations guide the quick set up of clinical trials. In this study, we evidence that the anti-SARS-CoV2 activity of a clinically achievable hydroxychloroquine concentration is maximized only when administered before and after the infection of Vero E6 and Caco-2 cells. This suggests that only a combined prophylactic and therapeutic use of hydroxychloroquine may be effective in limiting viral replication in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Antonia Diotti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Castelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Burioni
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Diotti RA, Mancini N, Clementi N, Sautto G, Moreno GJ, Criscuolo E, Cappelletti F, Man P, Forest E, Remy L, Giannecchini S, Clementi M, Burioni R. Cloning of the first human anti-JCPyV/VP1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody: epitope definition and implications in risk stratification of patients under natalizumab therapy. Antiviral Res 2014; 108:94-103. [PMID: 24909571 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
JC virus (JCPyV) has gained novel clinical importance as cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare demyelinating disease recently associated to immunomodulatory drugs, such as natalizumab used in multiple sclerosis (MS) cases. Little is known about the mechanisms leading to PML, and this makes the need of PML risk stratification among natalizumab-treated patients very compelling. Clinical and laboratory-based risk-stratification markers have been proposed, one of these is represented by the JCPyV-seropositive status, which includes about 54% of MS patients. We recently proposed to investigate the possible protective role of neutralizing humoral immune response in preventing JCPyV reactivation. In this proof-of-concept study, by cloning the first human monoclonal antibody (GRE1) directed against a neutralizing epitope on JCPyV/VP1, we optimized a robust anti-JCPyV neutralization assay. This allowed us to evaluate the neutralizing activity in JCPyV-positive sera from MS patients, demonstrating the lack of correlation between the level of anti-JCPyV antibody and anti-JCPyV neutralizing activity. Relevant consequences may derive from future clinical studies induced by these findings; indeed the study of the serum anti-JCPyV neutralizing activity could allow not only a better risk stratification of the patients during natalizumab treatment, but also a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to PML, highlighting the contribution of peripheral versus central nervous system JCPyV reactivation. Noteworthy, the availability of GRE1 could allow the design of novel immunoprophylactic strategies during the immunomodulatory treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Antonia Diotti
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sautto
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Guisella Janett Moreno
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappelletti
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Petr Man
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Forest
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, UJF, Grenoble, France
| | - Louise Remy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, UJF, Grenoble, France
| | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Burioni
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Castelli M, Cappelletti F, Diotti RA, Sautto G, Criscuolo E, Dal Peraro M, Clementi N. Peptide-based vaccinology: experimental and computational approaches to target hypervariable viruses through the fine characterization of protective epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies and the identification of T-cell-activating peptides. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:521231. [PMID: 23878584 PMCID: PMC3710646 DOI: 10.1155/2013/521231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Defining immunogenic domains of viral proteins capable of eliciting a protective immune response is crucial in the development of novel epitope-based prophylactic strategies. This is particularly important for the selective targeting of conserved regions shared among hypervariable viruses. Studying postinfection and postimmunization sera, as well as cloning and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), still represents the best approach to identify protective epitopes. In particular, a protective mAb directed against conserved regions can play a key role in immunogen design and in human therapy as well. Experimental approaches aiming to characterize protective mAb epitopes or to identify T-cell-activating peptides are often burdened by technical limitations and can require long time to be correctly addressed. Thus, in the last decade many epitope predictive algorithms have been developed. These algorithms are continually evolving, and their use to address the empirical research is widely increasing. Here, we review several strategies based on experimental techniques alone or addressed by in silico analysis that are frequently used to predict immunogens to be included in novel epitope-based vaccine approaches. We will list the main strategies aiming to design a new vaccine preparation conferring the protection of a neutralizing mAb combined with an effective cell-mediated response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Castelli
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappelletti
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Antonia Diotti
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sautto
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling, Institute of Bioingeneering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Diotti RA, Sautto GA, Solforosi L, Mancini N, Clementi M, Burioni R. Neutralization activity and kinetics of two broad-range human monoclonal IgG1 derived from recombinant Fab fragments and directed against Hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein. New Microbiol 2012; 35:475-479. [PMID: 23109015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. There is evidence that neutralizing anti-HCV antibodies may find potential applications in novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. This paper describes the very high neutralization activity and unique biological features of two broadly cross-reactive and cross-neutralizing anti-HCV human monoclonal IgG1 derived from human monoclonal recombinant Fab fragments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Antonia Diotti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Universita Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sautto GA, Diotti RA, Clementi M. New therapeutic options for HCV infection in the monoclonal antibody era. New Microbiol 2012; 35:387-397. [PMID: 23109006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and the most common indication for liver transplantation. Current therapies are ineffective in a relevant percentage of patients raising the urgent medical need to develop adequate therapies for this infection. Broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the HCV E2 glycoprotein (HCV/E2), the major target of the neutralizing humoral immune response, are considered as a possible novel therapeutic strategy for this infection. In the last few years, several anti-HCV/E2 human mAbs have been described in literature to be possibly used for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes. In this review, we illustrate the best candidates for an anti-HCV mAb-based therapy, considering their cross-neutralization profiles and their ability to overcome possible viral escape mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Andrea Sautto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Universita Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Solforosi L, Mancini N, Canducci F, Clementi N, Sautto GA, Diotti RA, Clementi M, Burioni R. A phage display vector optimized for the generation of human antibody combinatorial libraries and the molecular cloning of monoclonal antibody fragments. New Microbiol 2012; 35:289-294. [PMID: 22842598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel phagemid vector, named pCM, was optimized for the cloning and display of antibody fragment (Fab) libraries on the surface of filamentous phage. This vector contains two long DNA "stuffer" fragments for easier differentiation of the correctly cut forms of the vector. Moreover, in pCM the fragment at the heavy-chain cloning site contains an acid phosphatase-encoding gene allowing an easy distinction of the Escherichia coli cells containing the unmodified form of the phagemid versus the heavy-chain fragment coding cDNA. In pCM transcription of heavy-chain Fd/gene III and light chain is driven by a single lacZ promoter. The light chain is directed to the periplasm by the ompA signal peptide, whereas the heavy-chain Fd/coat protein III is trafficked by the pelB signal peptide. The phagemid pCM was used to generate a human combinatorial phage display antibody library that allowed the selection of a monoclonal Fab fragment antibody directed against the nucleoprotein (NP) of Influenza A virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Solforosi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Burioni R, Canducci F, Mancini N, Clementi N, Sassi M, De Marco D, Saita D, Diotti RA, Sautto G, Sampaolo M, Clementi M. Molecular cloning of the first human monoclonal antibodies neutralizing with high potency swine-origin influenza A pandemic virus (S-OIV). New Microbiol 2009; 32:319-324. [PMID: 20128437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic caused by the new H1N1 swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) strain is a worldwide health emergency and alternative therapeutic and prophylactic options are greatly needed. Two human monoclonal antibody Fab fragments (HMab) neutralizing the novel H1N1 influenza strain at very low concentrations were cloned from a patient who had a broad-range anti-H1N1 serum neutralizing activity. The two HMabs neutralized S-OIV with an IC50 of 2.8 and 4 microg/mL. The genes coding for the neutralizing HMabs could be used for generating full human monoclonal IgGs that can be safely administered with the potentially of representing a novel drug to be used in the prophylaxis and the treatment of this human infection. This is the first report of molecular cloning of human monoclonal antibodies against the new pandemic swine-origin influenza virus.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
- Cell Line
- Cloning, Molecular/methods
- Disease Outbreaks
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/therapeutic use
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Middle Aged
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Swine
- Swine Diseases/immunology
- Swine Diseases/prevention & control
- Swine Diseases/virology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Burioni
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|