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Khodadust R, Unal O, Yagci Acar H. Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2022; 13:82-95. [PMID: 35116215 PMCID: PMC8787352 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI), which is frequently used for polyplex formation and effective gene transfection, is rarely recognized as a luminescent polymer. Therefore, it is usually tagged with an organic fluorophore to be optically tracked. Recently, we developed branched PEI (bPEI) superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION@bPEI) with blue luminescence 1200 times stronger than that of bPEI without a traditional fluorophore, due to partial PEI oxidation during the synthesis. Here, we demonstrate in vitro dye-free optical imaging and successful gene transfection with luminescent SPION@bPEI, which was further modified for receptor-mediated delivery of the cargo selectively to cancer cell lines overexpressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Pro-apoptotic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium (PIC) was delivered to HeLa cells with SPION@bPEI and caused a dramatic reduction in the cell viability at otherwise non-toxic nanoparticle concentrations, proving that bPEI coating is still an effective component for the delivery of an anionic cargo. Besides, a strong intracellular optical signal supports the optically traceable nature of these nanoparticles. SPION@bPEI nanoparticles were further conjugated with Erbitux (Erb), which is an anti-EGFR antibody for targeting EGFR-overexpressing cancer cell lines. SPION@bPEI-Erb was used for the delivery of a GFP plasmid wherein the transfection was confirmed by the luminescence of the expressed gene within the transfected cells. Poor GFP expression in MCF7, a slightly better expression in HeLa, and a significant enhancement in the transfection of HCT116 cells proved a selective uptake and hence the targeting ability of Erb-tagged nanoparticles. Altogether, this study proves luminescent, cationic, and small SPION@bPEI nanoparticles as strong candidates for imaging and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Khodadust
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
- University of Health Science, Health Science Institute, Department of Biotechnology Selimiye Mahallesi, Tıbbiye, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Unal
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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Erkisa M, Ari F, Ulku I, Khodadust R, Yar Y, Yagci Acar H, Ulukaya E. Etoposide Loaded SPION-PNIPAM Nanoparticles Improve the in vitro Therapeutic Outcome on Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells via Enhanced Apoptosis. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000607. [PMID: 32918383 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide because its metastatic form is a deadly disease. Therefore, the development of new chemotherapeutics is of immense importance. Nanoparticle technology seems to provide diverse options in this regard. Therefore, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) loaded with Etoposide were prepared in small sizes (57 nm) and with 3.5 % drug content to improve the efficiency of Etoposide in prostate cancer therapy. Sustained release of the drug was achieved, which found to be sensitive to low pH and high temperature. The anti-growth activity of SPION-PNIPAM-Etoposide formulation against metastatic prostate cancer cells (PC-3, LNCaP) were investigated by SRB assay, then, confirmed by ATP assay. Mode of cell death was evaluated by using flow cytometry analyses. A significant improvement of nanoformulated drug was observed at 5-10 μg/ml doses of the drug in both cell lines. More importantly, this formulation enhanced the cytotoxic effect of Etoposide on PC-3 cells, which is considered more resistant to Etoposide than LNCaP and reduced the IC50 value by 55 % reaching to 4.5 μg drug/ml, which is a very significant improvement in the literature. It was clearly shown that nanoformulated drug provided about 3-fold increases in caspase-dependent early apoptotic cells in PC-3 cells. The novel formulation seems to successfully cause cell death of especially PC-3 metastatic prostate cancer cells. It should therefore be taken into consideration for further animal studies as a novel potent anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Erkisa
- Bursa Uludag University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology, 16059, Bursa, Turkey.,Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Center, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ari
- Bursa Uludag University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Irem Ulku
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Yasemin Yar
- Koc University, Materials Science and Engineering, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University, Materials Science and Engineering, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Istinye University, School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
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Małecki A, Skipor-Lahuta J, Toborek M, Abbott NJ, Antonetti DA, Su EJ, Lawrence DA, Atış M, Akcan U, Yılmaz CU, Orhan N, Düzgün P, Ceylan UD, Arıcan N, Karahüseyinoğlu S, Şahin GN, Ahıshalı B, Kaya M, Aydin S, Klopstein A, Engelhardt B, Baumann J, Tsao CC, Huang SF, Ogunshola O, Boytsova EB, Morgun AV, Khilazheva ED, Pozhilenkova EA, Gorina YV, Martynova GP, Salmina AB, Bueno D, Garcia-Fernàndez J, Castro V, Skowronska M, Toborek M, Chupel MU, Minuzzi LG, Filaire E, Teixeira AM, Corsi M, Versele R, Fuso A, Sevin E, Di Lorenzo C, Businaro R, Fenart L, Gosselet F, Candela P, Deli MA, Delaney C, O’Keefe E, Farrell M, Doyle S, Campbell M, Drewes LR, Appelt-Menzel A, Cubukova A, Metzger M, Fischer R, Francisco DMF, Bruggmann R, Fries A, Blecharz KG, Wagner J, Winkler L, Schneider U, Vajkoczy P, Furuse M, Gabbert L, Dilling C, Sisario D, Soukhoroukov V, Burek M, Guérit S, Fidan E, Devraj K, Czupalla CJ, Macas J, Thom S, Plate KH, Gerhardt H, Liebner S, Harazin A, Bocsik A, Váradi J, Fenyvesi F, Tubak V, Vecsernyés M, Helms HC, Waagepetersen HS, Nielsen CU, Brodin B, Hoyk Z, Tóth ME, Lénárt N, Dukay B, Kittel Á, Vígh J, Veszelka S, Walter F, Zvara Á, Puskás L, Sántha M, Engelhardt S, Ogunshola OO, Huber A, Reitner A, Osmen S, Hahn K, Bounzina N, Gerhartl A, Schönegger A, Steinkellner H, Laccone F, Neuhaus W, Hudson N, Celkova L, Iltzsche A, Drndarski S, Begley DJ, Janiurek MM, Kucharz K, Christoffersen C, Nielsen LB, Lauritzen M, Johnson RH, Kho DT, O’Carroll SJ, Angel CE, Graham ES, Pereira J, Karali CS, Cheng V, Zarghami N, Soto MS, Couch Y, Anthony DC, Sibson NR, Kealy J, Keep RF, Routhe LJ, Xiang J, Ye H, Hua Y, Moos T, Xi G, Kristensen M, Bach A, Strømgaard K, Kutuzov N, Lopes-Pinheiro MA, Lim J, Kamermans A, van Horssen J, Unger WW, Fontijn R, de Vries HE, Majerova P, Garruto RM, Marchetti L, Francisco D, Gruber I, Lyck R, Mészáros M, Porkoláb G, Kiss L, Pilbat AM, Török Z, Bozsó Z, Fülöp L, Michalicova A, Galba J, Mihaljevic S, Novak M, Kovac A, Morofuji Y, Fujimoto T, Watanabe D, Nakagawa S, Ujifuku K, Horie N, Izumo T, Anda T, Matsuo T, Niu F, Buch S, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Kozma M, Nagyőszi P, Nagy K, Fazakas C, Haskó J, Molnár K, Farkas AE, Galajda P, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Kelly E, Wallace E, Greene C, Hughes S, Kealy J, Doyle N, Humphries MM, Grant GA, Friedman A, Veksler R, Molloy MG, Meaney JF, Pender N, Doherty CP, Park M, Liskiewicz A, Przybyla M, Kasprowska-Liśkiewicz D, Nowacka-Chmielewska M, Malecki A, Pombero A, Garcia-Lopez R, Martinez-Morga M, Martinez S, Prager O, Solomon-Kamintsky L, Schoknecht K, Bar-Klein G, Milikovsky D, Vazana U, Rosenbach D, Kovács R, Friedman A, Radak Z, Rodríguez-Lorenzo S, Bruggmann R, Kooij G, de Vries HE, Oxana SG, Denis B, Elena V, Anna A, Alla S, Vladimir S, Andrey M, Nataliya M, Elena K, Elizaveta B, Alexander S, Nikita N, Alla B, Yirong Y, Arkady A, Artem G, Mariya U, Anastasia S, Madina B, Artem S, Alexander K, Esmat SA, Valery P, Artem T, Jürgen K, de Abreu MS, Calpena AC, Espina M, García ML, Romero IA, Male D, Storck S, Hartz A, Pahnke J, Surma CU, Surma M, Giżejewski Z, Zieliński H, Szczepkowska A, Kowalewska M, Krawczynska A, Herman AP, Skipor J, Kachappilly N, Veenstra M, Rivera RL, Williams DW, Morgello S, Berman JW, Wyneken U, Batiz LF, Temizyürek A, Khodadust R, Küçük M, Gürses C, Emik S, Zielińska M, Obara-Michlewska M, Milewski K, Skonieczna E, Fręśko I, Neuwelt EA, Maria ARS, Bras AR, Lipka D, Valkai S, Kincses A, Dér A, Deli MA. Abstracts from the 20th International Symposium on Signal Transduction at the Blood-Brain Barriers. Fluids Barriers CNS 2017. [PMCID: PMC5667590 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-017-0071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Gunduz U, Keskin T, Tansık G, Mutlu P, Yalcin S, Unsoy G, Yakar A, Khodadust R, Gunduz G. Idarubicin-loaded folic acid conjugated magnetic nanoparticles as a targetable drug delivery system for breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:729-36. [PMID: 25194441 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional cancer chemotherapies cannot differentiate between healthy and cancer cells, and lead to severe side effects and systemic toxicity. Another major problem is the drug resistance development before or during the treatment. In the last decades, different kinds of controlled drug delivery systems have been developed to overcome these shortcomings. The studies aim targeted drug delivery to tumor site. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are potentially important in cancer treatment since they can be targeted to tumor site by an externally applied magnetic field. In this study, MNPs were synthesized, covered with biocompatible polyethylene glycol (PEG) and conjugated with folic acid. Then, anti-cancer drug idarubicin was loaded onto the nanoparticles. Shape, size, crystal and chemical structures, and magnetic properties of synthesized nanoparticles were characterized. The characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Internalization and accumulation of MNPs in MCF-7 cells were illustrated by light and confocal microscopy. Empty MNPs did not have any toxicity in the concentration ranges of 0-500μg/mL on MCF-7 cells, while drug-loaded nanoparticles led to significant toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, idarubicin-loaded MNPs exhibited higher toxicity compared to free idarubicin. The results are promising for improvement in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Gunduz
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Middle East Technical University, Department of Biotechnology, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Tugba Keskin
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Gulistan Tansık
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Pelin Mutlu
- Middle East Technical University, Central Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology R&D Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Serap Yalcin
- Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kırsehir 40000, Turkey
| | - Gozde Unsoy
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biotechnology, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Arzu Yakar
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Afyon 03200, Turkey
| | - Rouhollah Khodadust
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biotechnology, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Gungor Gunduz
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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