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Tao JM, Ashram SEI, Alouffi A, Zhang Y, Weng YB, Lin RQ. Population genetic structure of Neoschongastia gallinarum in South China based on mitochondrial DNA markers. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2793-2802. [PMID: 35951118 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The genetic diversity and differentiation of four geographic populations of Neoschongastia gallinarum were evaluated using concatenated mitochondrial gene sequences (pCOI, pCOII, and pND5). Based on the results, the N. gallinarum populations had high genetic diversity and strong ecological adaptability. Genetic differentiation among paired populations calculated using concatenated mitochondrial gene sequences revealed that geographic isolation resulted in genetic differentiation among the populations of N. gallinarum, and gene flow between populations associated with human trade activities. Systematic development and molecular variance based on haplotypes revealed that genetic variation existed in different haplotypes; however, no clear rule related to geographic region was found. Further, genetic variation was mainly derived from individuals within the population. A neutral test based on concatenated mitochondrial gene sequences and nucleotide pair differences revealed that N. gallinarum did not experience an obvious population expansion in recent historical periods. Accordingly, the population size was relatively stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Meng Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Saeed-E I Ashram
- Foshan Standard Bio-Tech Co. Ltd, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528138, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz Alouffi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Biao Weng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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He X, Zhou DR, Sun YW, Zhang Y, Zhang XG, Weng YB, Lin RQ. A PCR assay with high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of swine toxoplasmosis based on the GRA14 gene. Vet Parasitol 2021; 299:109566. [PMID: 34509125 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasite, can infect all warm-blooded animals. Infected swine are considered one of the most important sources of T. gondii infection in humans. Rapidly and effectively diagnosing T. gondii infection in swine is essential. PCR-based diagnostic tests have been fully developed, and very sensitive and specific PCR is crucial for the diagnosis of swine toxoplasmosis. In this study, we used the T. gondii dense granule protein 14 (GRA14) gene as a target to design specific primers and established a high-specificity and high-sensitivity PCR detection method for swine toxoplasmosis. Notably, this PCR method could detect T. gondii tachyzoite DNA in the acute infection phase. The GRA14 gene PCR assay detected a minimum of 2.35 tachyzoites of T. gondii and can be used for T. gondii detection in blood, tissue, semen, urine and waste feed specimens. A total of 5462 blood specimens collected from pigs in 5 provinces and autonomous regions in southern China during 2016-2017 were assessed by the newly established GRA14 gene PCR method. The overall T. gondii infection rate was 18.9 % (1033/5462). According to the statistical analysis of different regions in China, the positive rates of swine toxoplasmosis from 2016 to 2017 were highest in the Shaanxi, Fujian and Guangdong areas, at 31.7 % (44/139), 21.9 % (86/391) and 18.8 % (874/4645), respectively. Specimens collected in 2017 had a higher positive rate (19.1 %) than those collected in 2016 (16.1 %). In addition, specimens collected in autumn (39.4 %), spring (22.8 %) and winter (18.2 %) had higher positive rates than those collected in summer (3.8 %). These results indicate that the new PCR method based on the T. gondii GRA14 gene has utility for the diagnosis of swine toxoplasmosis and can facilitate the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - De-Rong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Wu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhang
- Foshan Standard Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan 528138, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya-Biao Weng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Zou Y, Yang WB, Zou FC, Lin RQ, Zhu XQ, Hou JL. Molecular detection and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in farmed pigs in southern China. Microb Pathog 2021; 151:104751. [PMID: 33482261 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis is one of the most common causative agents of intestinal diseases, which can cause enteric diseases in animals and humans. However, limited data is available on the prevalence or subtypes of Blastocystis infections in farmed pigs in southern China. In this study, a total of 396 fecal samples were collected from farmed pigs in three provinces in southern China in 2016, and screened for Blastocystis by PCR amplification of the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene fragment. One hundred and seventy (42.93%) of the examined fecal samples were detected Blastocystis-positive, and two known zoonotic subtypes ST1 and ST5 were identified, with ST5 being the predominate subtype. Moreover, gender, age and region were considered as risk factors that associated with Blastocystis infection in farmed pigs. The present study revealed the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis infections in farmed pigs in southern China, which provided essential data for the control of Blastocystis infections in pigs, other animals and humans in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, PR China.
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, PR China
| | - Feng-Cai Zou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650201, PR China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, PR China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, PR China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650201, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province, 030801, PR China
| | - Jun-Ling Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, PR China.
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Cao XZ, Wang JL, Elsheikha HM, Li TT, Sun LX, Liang QL, Zhang ZW, Lin RQ. Characterization of the Role of Amylo-Alpha-1,6-Glucosidase Protein in the Infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:418. [PMID: 31867292 PMCID: PMC6908810 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the role of amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase (Aa16GL) in the biology and infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii, using Aa16GL-deficient parasites of type I RH and type II Prugniaud (Pru) strains. The subcellular localization of Aa16GL protein was characterized by tagging a 3 × HA to the 3′ end of the Aa16GL gene endogenous locus. Immunostaining of the expressed Aa16GL protein revealed that it is located in several small cytoplasmic puncta. Functional characterization of ΔAa16GL mutants using plaque assay, egress assay and intracellular replication assay showed that parasites lacking Aa16GL exhibit a slight reduction in the growth rate, but remained virulent to mice. Although PruΔAa16GL tachyzoites retained the ability to differentiate into bradyzoites in vitro, they exhibited slight reduction in their ability to form cysts in mice. These findings reveal new properties of Aa16GL and suggest that while it does not have a substantial role in mediating T. gondii infectivity, this protein can influence the formation of parasite cysts in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Zhen Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li-Xiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qin-Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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Zou Y, Hou JL, Li FC, Zou FC, Lin RQ, Ma JG, Zhang XX, Zhu XQ. Prevalence and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pigs in southern China. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 66:52-56. [PMID: 30218706 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is one of the most important causative agents of microsporidiosis, causing diarrhoea the symptoms of enteric disease in humans and animals. Although there is some information on the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi in China, there is still a lack of data in pigs in southern China. In the present study, a total of 396 faecal specimens were collected from pigs in Zhejiang, Guangdong and Yunnan provinces in southern China, and were examined by nested PCR amplification of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) for the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in pigs was 31.57% (125/396), forming 15 genotypes, including 9 known genotypes (EbpC, EbpA, D, G, H, PigEBITS5, Henan-IV, KIN-1, CHS5) and 6 novel genotypes (GD1, ZJ1, ZJ2, YN1, YN2 and YN3), which were all clustered into Group 1. Moreover, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed that 6, 3, 4 and 5 types were identified in MS1, MS3, MS7 and MS4 loci, respectively, representing four multilocus genotypes (MLGs), designated as MLGs novel-1 to novel-4 in the present study. This is the first detailed study of E. bieneusi using MLST in pigs in southern China, which extended information about the distribution of E. bieneusi genotypes in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Jun-Ling Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Fa-Cai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Feng-Cai Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650201, PR China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, PR China
| | - Jian-Gang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China.
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China.
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Qiu SB, Lv MN, He X, Weng YB, Zou SS, Wang XQ, Lin RQ. PCR Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Trichomonas gallinae from Domestic Pigeons in Guangzhou, China. Korean J Parasitol 2017; 55:333-336. [PMID: 28719959 PMCID: PMC5523900 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Avian trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas gallinae is a serious protozoan disease worldwide. The domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) is the main host for T. gallinae and plays an important role in the spread of the disease. Based on the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA of this parasite, a pair of primers (TgF2/TgR2) was designed and used to develop a PCR assay for the diagnosis of T. gallinae infection in domestic pigeons. This approach allowed the identification of T. gallinae, and no amplicons were produced when using DNA from other common avian pathogens. The minimum amount of DNA detectable by the specific PCR assay developed in this study was 15 pg. Clinical samples from Guangzhou, China, were examined using this PCR assay and a standard microscopy method, and their molecular characteristics were determined by phylogenetic analysis. All of the T. gallinae-positive samples detected by microscopic examination were also detected as positive by the PCR assay. Most of the samples identified as negative by microscopic examination were detected as T. gallinae positive by the PCR assay and were confirmed by sequencing. The positive samples of T. gallinae collected from Guangzhou, China, were identified as T. gallinae genotype B by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, providing relevant data for studying the ecology and population genetic structures of trichomonads and for the prevention and control of the diseases they cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Ben Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, P. R. China.,Guangdong Vocational College of Science and Trade, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510430, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Na Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Xi He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Biao Weng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Shu Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Qiu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
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Lin RQ, Lillehoj HS, Lee SK, Oh S, Panebra A, Lillehoj EP. Vaccination with Eimeria tenella elongation factor-1α recombinant protein induces protective immunity against E. tenella and E. maxima infections. Vet Parasitol 2017; 243:79-84. [PMID: 28807316 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis is caused by multiple species of the apicomplexan protozoan, Eimeria, and is one of the most economically devastating enteric diseases for the poultry industry worldwide. Host immunity to Eimeria infection, however, is relatively species-specific. The ability to immunize chickens against different species of Eimeria using a single vaccine will have a major beneficial impact on commercial poultry production. In this paper, we describe the molecular cloning, purification, and vaccination efficacy of a novel Eimeria vaccine candidate, elongation factor-1α (EF-1α). One day-old broiler chickens were given two subcutaneous immunizations one week apart with E. coli-expressed E. tenella recombinant (r)EF-1α protein and evaluated for protection against challenge infection with E. tenella or E. maxima. rEF-1α-vaccinated chickens exhibited increased body weight gains, decreased fecal oocyst output, and greater serum anti-EF-1α antibody levels following challenge infection with either E. tenella or E. maxima compared with unimmunized controls. Vaccination with EF-1α may represent a new approach to inducing cross-protective immunity against avian coccidiosis in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China; Animal Biosciences And Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences And Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Seung Kyoo Lee
- Animal Biosciences And Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Sungtaek Oh
- Animal Biosciences And Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Alfredo Panebra
- Animal Biosciences And Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Erik P Lillehoj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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He X, Lv MN, Liu GH, Lin RQ. Genetic analysis of Toxocara cati (Nematoda: Ascarididae) from Guangdong province, subtropical China. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:132-135. [PMID: 28141958 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2016.1258404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxocara cati (cat roundworm) is a common parasitic nematode that infects humans and other hosts, causing toxocariasis. Although its significance as a pathogen, the epidemiology, genetics and biology of T. cati remain poorly understand in China. In the present study, genetic variation in mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA region among T. cati in Guangdong province, subtropical China was examined. A portion of the cox1 (pcox1) and the complete ITS (ITS1 + 5.8S rDNA + ITS2) were amplified separately from individual worms by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplicons were then subjected to sequencing from both directions. The length of the sequences of pcox1, ITS-1, and ITS-2 were 308 bp, 462 bp, and 335 bp, respectively. The intra-specific sequence variations within T. cati were 0-3.6% for pcox1, 0-2.4% for ITS-1, and 0-2.7% for ITS-2. However, the inter-specific sequence differences were significantly higher, being 8.6%, 10.7%, and 11.3% for pcox1, ITS-1, and ITS-2, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on the pcox1 sequences indicated that all the isolates in Guangdong province were in genus Toxocara, which confirmed that these parasites represent T. cati. The molecular approach employed provides a powerful tool for elucidating the epidemiology, genetics, and biology of zoonotic T. cati in China and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , PR China.,b Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , PR China
| | - Meng-Na Lv
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , PR China.,b Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , PR China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- c College of Veterinary Medicine , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , Hunan Province , PR China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , PR China.,b Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , PR China
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Wang XQ, Wu LL, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Weng YB, Lin RQ. Evaluation of the protective effect of pVAX-EtMIC3-recombined plasmid against E. tenella in chicken. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1023-1028. [PMID: 28124135 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria has a severe economic impact on commercial production worldwide. Micronemes of Eimeria play important roles in invading intestinal cell processes. In this study, the DNA vaccine expressing Eimeria tenella microneme protein 3 (EtMIC3) was constructed to evaluate its immune protective effect against E. tenella infection in chickens. The results demonstrated that chickens immunized with pVAX-EtMIC3 produced strong immune responses in the body, as shown by significant lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and antibody responses. The average body weight gains of chickens in all the vaccinated groups were higher than those of non-vaccinated and challenged groups. In general, oocyst shedding was reduced, and bloody feces and gut lesion scores decreased. In addition, the survival rate of the immunized chickens increased compared to that of the unvaccinated and challenged control chickens. In summary, this study indicated that pVAX-EtMIC3 could induce protective immune effects against coccidiosis and that EtMIC3 is a potential vaccine candidate against coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qiu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Foshan Standard Bio-Tech Co. Ltd., Foshan, 528138, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Biao Weng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Lin RQ, Li L, Xu L, Pan Q, Dai JX. [Qualitative study on the current status of hospitalized burn children's quality of life]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2016; 32:676-680. [PMID: 27894389 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the current status of hospitalized burn children's quality of life, so as to lay foundation for carrying out the related intervention in future. Methods: Using qualitative research method, semi-structured interviews were conducted on 11 parents of burn children hospitalized in Department of Burns of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from March to May 2016. Then the data were analyzed and concluded with phenomenological analysis method to refine the themes. Results: Parents' description about the current status of hospitalized burn children's quality of life could be summed up into four areas: physiology, psychology, social development, and family; and in six themes: obvious itching symptom, limited movement development, night terror and constant cry because of fear, reduced social game, negative attachment type, and parents under multiple pressures. Conclusions: Burn brings serious harm to children's physical and mental development, as well as negative effects on the parents, thus lowering the children's quality of life. Medical workers should increase knowledge and attention of it, and carry out targeted health management project.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Q Lin
- Department of Burns, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fu Zhou 350001, China
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11
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Chen RA, Wang WL, Lin RQ, Liu LD, Liao GC, Tang JH, Wu SM, Tan ZJ, Weng YB. Observation of the excretion pattern of a precocious line of Eimeria necatrix and the strengthening of immune homogeneity. Exp Parasitol 2016; 164:79-83. [PMID: 26921717 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The excretion frequencies of cecal and intestinal droppings of Chinese Lingnan yellow chickens were observed for 10 consecutive days. The chickens were then orally inoculated with a precocious line of Eimeria necatrix, and the oocysts present in the cecal and intestinal droppings were separately collected and monitored using the McMaster method. The results showed that the excretion frequency of cecal droppings was significantly lower than that of intestinal droppings, and the oocysts of E. necatrix were distributed primarily in the cecal droppings. This distribution affects the homogeneity of the second and third generation of oocysts ingested by the chickens and therefore affects the immune effect observed during E. necatrix immunization. To artificially strengthen the immunologic homogeneity against E. necatrix, a method of artificially strengthening the second immunization was applied, and the immune effect was evaluated based on oocyst excretion, body weight gain, fecal scores, intestinal lesion scores and survival percentages. The results showed that no significant intestinal damage was caused by immunization reactions in the chickens. In addition, the number of excreted oocysts in the immunized chicken groups could be significantly increased, and the immunologic homogeneity of the immunized chickens could be improved by artificially strengthening the second immunization, which could in turn improve the immune protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Foshan Standard Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528138, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Wang
- Foshan Standard Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528138, PR China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Li-Dan Liu
- Foshan Standard Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528138, PR China
| | - Gui-Cheng Liao
- Foshan Standard Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528138, PR China
| | - Jian-Hong Tang
- Foshan Standard Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528138, PR China
| | - Song-Ming Wu
- Foshan Standard Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528138, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jian Tan
- Foshan Standard Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528138, PR China
| | - Ya-Biao Weng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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12
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Cheng T, Liu GH, Song HQ, Lin RQ, Zhu XQ. The complete mitochondrial genome of the dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana--a neglected zoonotic helminth. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:1253-62. [PMID: 26666886 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hymenolepis nana, commonly known as the dwarf tapeworm, is one of the most common tapeworms of humans and rodents and can cause hymenolepiasis. Although this zoonotic tapeworm is of socio-economic significance in many countries of the world, its genetics, systematics, epidemiology, and biology are poorly understood. In the present study, we sequenced and characterized the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of H. nana. The mt genome is 13,764 bp in size and encodes 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, and 22 transfer RNA genes. All genes are transcribed in the same direction. The gene order and genome content are completely identical with their congener Hymenolepis diminuta. Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes by Bayesian inference, Maximum likelihood, and Maximum parsimony showed the division of class Cestoda into two orders, supported the monophylies of both the orders Cyclophyllidea and Pseudophyllidea. Analyses of mt genome sequences also support the monophylies of the three families Taeniidae, Hymenolepididae, and Diphyllobothriidae. This novel mt genome provides a useful genetic marker for studying the molecular epidemiology, systematics, and population genetics of the dwarf tapeworm and should have implications for the diagnosis, prevention, and control of hymenolepiasis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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Cheng T, Gao DZ, Zhu WN, Fang SF, Chen N, Zhu XQ, Liu GH, Lin RQ. Genetic variability among Hymenolepis nana isolates from different geographical regions in China revealed by sequence analysis of three mitochondrial genes. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:4646-4650. [PMID: 26642941 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hymenolepis nana is a common tapeworm that parasitizes in the small intestine of rodent animals and humans. The present study examined the sequence diversity of three mitochondrial (mt) genes namely NADH dehydrogenase subunits 5 (nad5), small subunit ribosomal RNA (rrnS), and ATPase subunit 6 (atp6) of H. nana from mice in different geographical regions of China. A part of the nad5 (pnad5), complete rrnS and atp6 genes were amplified separately from individual H. nana isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then sequenced. The sequences of pnad5, rrnS, and atp6 were 710 bp, 704-711 bp, and 516 bp in length, respectively. The A + T contents of the sequences were 70.1-73.5% (pnad5), 70.1-71.7% (rrnS), and 76.6-77.9% (atp6). Sequence variation within H. nana was 0-1.4% for atp6, 0-1.7% for rrnS, and 0-0.7% for pnad5. The inter-specific sequence differences between H. nana and Hymenolepis diminuta were significantly higher, which was 31.6-31.7% (pnad5), 16.1-17.6% (rrnS), and 26.5-27.1% (atp6). Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined three sequences using the maximum parsimony (MP) method supported that H. nana is a species complex or "cryptic" species. These findings demonstrated clearly the usefulness of the three mtDNA sequences for population genetics and systematic studies of H. nana of human and animal health significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Cheng
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province , PR China.,b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, Gansu Province , PR China.,c Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province , PR China
| | - De-Zhen Gao
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, Gansu Province , PR China.,d College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, Heilongjiang Province , PR China
| | - Wei-Ning Zhu
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, Gansu Province , PR China
| | - Su-Fang Fang
- e College of Animal Science and Technology , Hebei North University , Zhang Jiakou, Hebei Province , PR China , and
| | - Ning Chen
- f Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control , Shenzhen, Guangdong Province , PR China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, Gansu Province , PR China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, Gansu Province , PR China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province , PR China.,c Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province , PR China
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Li J, Zhao GH, Lin R, Blair D, Sugiyama H, Zhu XQ. Rapid detection and identification of four major Schistosoma species by high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4225-32. [PMID: 26253799 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, caused by blood flukes belonging to several species of the genus Schistosoma, is a serious and widespread parasitic disease. Accurate and rapid differentiation of these etiological agents of animal and human schistosomiasis to species level can be difficult. We report a real-time PCR assay coupled with a high-resolution melt (HRM) assay targeting a portion of the nuclear 18S rDNA to detect, identify, and distinguish between four major blood fluke species (Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, and Schistosoma mekongi). Using this system, the Schistosoma spp. was accurately identified and could also be distinguished from all other trematode species with which they were compared. As little as 10(-5) ng genomic DNA from a Schistosoma sp. could be detected. This process is inexpensive, easy, and can be completed within 3 h. Examination of 21 representative Schistosoma samples from 15 geographical localities in seven endemic countries validated the value of the HRM detection assay and proved its reliability. The melting curves were characterized by peaks of 83.65 °C for S. japonicum and S. mekongi, 85.65 °C for S. mansoni, and 85.85 °C for S. haematobium. The present study developed a real-time PCR coupled with HRM analysis assay for detection and differential identification of S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. japonicum, and S. mekongi. This method is rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive. It has important implications for epidemiological studies of Schistosoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - RuiQing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - David Blair
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Hiromu Sugiyama
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Li J, Chen F, Sugiyama H, Blair D, Lin RQ, Zhu XQ. A specific indel marker for the Philippines Schistosoma japonicum revealed by analysis of mitochondrial genome sequences. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:2697-704. [PMID: 25899327 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, near-complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences for Schistosoma japonicum from different regions in the Philippines and Japan were amplified and sequenced. Comparisons among S. japonicum from the Philippines, Japan, and China revealed a geographically based length difference in mt genomes, but the mt genomic organization and gene arrangement were the same. Sequence differences among samples from the Philippines and all samples from the three endemic areas were 0.57-2.12 and 0.76-3.85 %, respectively. The most variable part of the mt genome was the non-coding region. In the coding portion of the genome, protein-coding genes varied more than rRNA genes and tRNAs. The near-complete mt genome sequences for Philippine specimens were identical in length (14,091 bp) which was 4 bp longer than those of S. japonicum samples from Japan and China. This indel provides a unique genetic marker for S. japonicum samples from the Philippines. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated amino acids of 12 protein-coding genes showed that samples of S. japonicum clustered according to their geographical origins. The identified mitochondrial indel marker will be useful for tracing the source of S. japonicum infection in humans and animals in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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Wu LL, Lin RQ, Sun MF, Liu LD, Duan WF, Zou SS, Yuan ZG, Weng YB. Biological characteristics of Chinese precocious strain of eimeria acervulina and its immune efficacy against different field strains. Avian Dis 2015; 58:367-72. [PMID: 25518429 DOI: 10.1637/10706-102413.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the biologic characteristics of one experimental precocious strain of Eimeria acervulina and seven field isolates from different geographic locations in China were compared, and the immune efficacy of two precocious strains against coccidiosis in chickens was assessed to explore their potential use as coccidiosis vaccines. All the different strains were purified by single oocyst separation and their monospecificity was confirmed using E acervulina-specific PCR assays. The average sizes of E. acervulina oocysts were 18.28-20.19 X 14.09-14.79 microm and the shape indexes were from 1.28 to 1.40. The prepatent periods ranged from 93 to 115 hr, except for the Heyuan precocious strain (HYP; 75 hr). Chickens infected with Huadu field strain (GHD) produced the highest oocyst output whereas HYP induced the lowest level. When inoculated with 50,000 sporulated oocysts or more, the average weight gains of infected chickens were reduced, with apparent clinical symptoms. To assess the immunogenicity of precocious strains HYP and Baoding (BDP), birds were orally immunized and challenged with seven different field strains of E. acervulina. Body weight gain, fecal oocyst output, and gut lesion scores were compared to evaluate their vaccine potential. The results showed that the average body weight gains of chickens in all the vaccinated and challenged groups were higher than those of nonvaccinated and challenged groups. In general, oocyst shedding was reduced 34.39%-95.31% and gut lesion scores decreased 31.03%-86.21% compared with unvaccinated and challenged control chickens. In summary, this study indicated that the precocious strains of E. acervulina could induce a protective immune effect with various responses against coccidiosis caused by different field strains.
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Abstract
In the present study, the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of Raillietina tetragona was sequenced and its gene contents and genome organizations was compared with that of other tapeworm. The complete mt genome sequence of R. tetragona is 14,444 bp in length. It contains 12 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two non-coding region. All genes are transcribed in the same direction and have a nucleotide composition high in A and T. The contents of A + T of the complete mt genome are 71.4% for R. tetragona. The R. tetragona mt genome sequence provides novel mtDNA marker for studying the molecular epidemiology and population genetics of Raillietina and has implications for the molecular diagnosis of chicken cestodosis caused by Raillietina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ying Liang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , PR China and.,b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu Province , PR China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , PR China and
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Sheng L, Cui P, Fang SF, Lin RQ, Zou FC, Zhu XQ. Sequence variability in four mitochondrial genes among rabbit pinworm (Passalurus ambiguus) isolates from different localities in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 26:501-4. [PMID: 24409849 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.855898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Passalurus ambiguus is a common pinworm which parasitizes in the caecum and colon of rabbits. This study examined genetic variability among P. ambiguus isolated from naturally infected rabbits in four different provinces in China. The partial mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (pcox1), cytochrome b (pcytb) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 5 (pnad1 and pnad5) were amplified separately from individual nematodes by PCR and sequenced. The results showed that pcox1, pcytb, pnad1 and pnad5 were 714, 663, 645 and 546 bp in length, respectively. The intra-specific sequence variations within P. ambiguus were 0-1.1% for pcox1, 0-1.2% for pcytb, 0-0.6% for pnad1 and 0-1.3% for pnad5, whereas inter-specific sequence differences with other members of the Oxyuridae were 16.2-17.3% for pcox1, 27.8-30.4% for pcytb, 20.2-24.0% for pnad1 and 27.1-30.3% for pnad5. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference (BI), maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods, based on the combined sequences of the four partial mtDNA sequences, revealed that all the P. ambiguus samples form monophyletic groups. This study demonstrated the existence of low-level intra-specific variation in cox1, cytb, nad1 and nad5 genes among P. ambiguus isolates from different geographic regions in China, and these four mtDNA sequences can be used as genetic markers for the population genetic studies of P. ambiguus, as well as the differentiation of P. ambiguus from other oxyurid nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming, Yunnan Province , People's Republic of China
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Zhou DH, Zhao FR, Nisbet AJ, Xu MJ, Song HQ, Lin RQ, Huang SY, Zhu XQ. Comparative proteomic analysis of differentToxoplasma gondiigenotypes by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:533-45. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Lanzhou Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Fu-Rong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Lanzhou Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Alasdair J. Nisbet
- Vaccines and Diagnostics, Moredun Research Institute; Pentlands Science Park; Scotland UK
| | - Min-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Lanzhou Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Hui-Qun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Lanzhou Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Si-Yang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Lanzhou Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Lanzhou Gansu Province P. R. China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University; Daqing Heilongjiang Province P. R. China
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Liu GH, Chen F, Chen YZ, Song HQ, Lin RQ, Zhou DH, Zhu XQ. Complete mitochondrial genome sequence data provides genetic evidence that the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) represents a species complex. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:361-9. [PMID: 23630448 PMCID: PMC3638291 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.6081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites of great medical and veterinary significance that can transmit bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses, and cause a variety of human and animal diseases worldwide. In the present study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Rhipicephalus sanguineus from China (RSC) and compared with that of R. sanguineus from USA (RSU). Nucleotide sequence difference in the full mt genome was 11.23% between RSC and RSU. For the 13 protein-coding genes, comparison revealed sequence divergences at both the nucleotide (9.34-15.65%) and amino acid (2.54-19.23%) levels between RSC and RSU. In addition, sequence comparison of the conserved mt cox1 and cytb genes among multiple individual R. sanguineus revealed substantial nucleotide differences between RSC and RSU but limited sequence variation within RSC. Phylogenetic analysis of ticks based on the amino acid sequence data of 13 protein-coding genes revealed that R. sanguineus from China and R. sanguineus from USA represent sister taxa (likely separate species). Taken together, the findings support the recently proposal that R. sanguineus tick may represents a species complex of at least two closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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21
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Xu MJ, Fu JH, Nisbet AJ, Huang SY, Zhou DH, Lin RQ, Song HQ, Zhu XQ. Comparative profiling of microRNAs in male and female adults of Ascaris suum. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:1189-95. [PMID: 23306386 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ascaris nematodes, which cause ascariasis in humans and pigs, are among the most important nematodes from both health and economic perspectives. microRNA (miRNA) is now recognized as key regulator of gene expression at posttranscription level. The public availability of the genome and transcripts of Ascaris suum provides powerful resources for the research of miRNA profiles of the parasite. Therefore, we investigated and compared the miRNA profiles of male and female adult A. suum using Solexa deep sequencing combined with bioinformatic analysis and stem-loop reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Deep sequencing of small RNAs yielded 11.71 and 11.72 million raw reads from male and female adults of A. suum, respectively. Analysis showed that the noncoding RNA of the two genders, including tRNA, rRNA, snRNA, and snoRNA, were similar. By mapping to the A. suum genome, we obtained 494 and 505 miRNA candidates from the female and male parasite, respectively, and 87 and 82 of miRNA candidates were consistent with A. suum miRNAs deposited in the miRBase database. Among the miRNA candidates, 154 were shared by the two genders, and 340 and 351 were female and male specific with their target numbers ranged from one to thousands, respectively. Functional prediction revealed a set of elongation factors, heat shock proteins, and growth factors from the targets of gender-specific miRNAs, which were essential for the development of the parasite. Moreover, major sperm protein and nematode sperm cell motility protein were found in targets of the male-specific miRNAs. Ovarian message protein was found in targets of the female-specific miRNAs. Enrichment analysis revealed significant differences among Gene Ontology terms of miRNA targets of the two genders, such as electron carrier and biological adhesion process. The regulating functions of gender-specific miRNAs was therefore not only related to the fundamental functions of cells but also were essential to the germ development of the parasite. The present study provides a framework for further research of Ascaris miRNAs, and consequently leads to the development of potential nucleotide vaccines against Ascaris of human and animal health significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic China
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Liu GH, Wang Y, Xu MJ, Zhou DH, Ye YG, Li JY, Song HQ, Lin RQ, Zhu XQ. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of two whipworms Trichuris ovis and Trichuris discolor (Nematoda: Trichuridae). Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2012; 12:1635-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Lin RQ, Zhou DH, Huang SY, Zhang Y, Zou FC, Song HQ, Weng YB, Zhu XQ. Identification and characterization of new major sperm protein genes from Oesophagostomum dentatum and Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum from pigs in China. Exp Parasitol 2012. [PMID: 23206956 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study identified and characterized new major sperm protein (MSP) genes from the two nodule worms Oesophagostomum dentatum and Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum collected from pigs in China. Total genomic DNA was extracted individually from 10 male nematode samples representing O. dentatum, and 4 male nematode samples representing O. quadrispinulatum. A pair of primers (OMSP1F/MSP1R) was designed based on the MSP gene sequences of Ascaris suum and O. dentatum available in GenBank, and used to amplify the MSP genes from the two porcine nodule worms. The PCR products were purified and subsequently cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector. Recombinants were identified by PCR and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed that there were two different types of MSP sequences in O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum, one contained intron, and the other did not. The lengths of the MSP sequences containing introns were 433 bp or 439 bp in O. dentatum, and 436 bp, 439 bp or 446 bp in O. quadrispinulatum, containing 1 or 2 introns. Five and three new members of the MSP multigene family were identified in O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum in this study, respectively. The MSP sequences without introns were 381 bp in length, and can be deduced into 126 amino acids. The sequences of MSP genes containing introns seem to be more conserved than those without introns. The identities of deduced amino acid sequences of the MSP genes containing introns were 96.0-100% within and between the two nodule worms, and were 81.1-93.7% compared with other published MSP sequences of the representative nematodes. The present study identified new MSP genes with introns from O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum for the first time. The identification and characterization of newly described MSP genes from O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum have implications for further studies of molecular biology and reproduction control of Oesophagostomum spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
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Zhao GH, Li J, Blair D, Li XY, Elsheikha HM, Lin RQ, Zou FC, Zhu XQ. Biotechnological advances in the diagnosis, species differentiation and phylogenetic analysis of Schistosoma spp. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1381-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lin RQ, Liu GH, Song HQ, Zhang Y, Li MW, Zou FC, Yuan ZG, Weng YB, Zhu XQ. Sequence variability in three mitochondrial genes between the two pig nodule worms Oesophagostomum dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 23:182-6. [PMID: 22651230 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2012.668892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, sequence variation in three mitochondrial DNA regions, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunit (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 4 (nad1 and nad4), between Oesophagostomum dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum isolated from pigs in different geographical origins in Mainland China was examined, and their phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed. A partial of the cox1 (pcox1), nad1, and nad4 genes (pnad1 and pnad4) were amplified separately from individual nodule worms by PCR and were subjected to direct sequencing in order to define sequence variations. While the intraspecific sequence variations within each of the two species were 0.3-5.2% for pcox1, 0-4.9% for pnad1, and 0-7.1% for pnad4, the interspecific sequence differences were significantly higher, being 10.7-13.4% for pcox1, 11-14.6% for pnad1, and 14.9-18% for pnad4, respectively. There were a number of nucleotide positions in the pcox1, pnad1, and pnad4 sequences with no apparent intraspecific variation but distinct interspecific differences among those samples of Oesophagostomum spp. examined, which may be used as genetic makers for the identification and differentiation of the Oesophagostomum spp. Phylogenetic analyses using three inference methods, namely Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony based on the combined sequences of pcox1, pnad1, and pnad4 revealed that the O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum form monophyletic groups, respectively. These findings demonstrated clearly the usefulness of the three mitochondrial sequences for studying systematics, population genetic structures, and the molecular ecology of Oesophagostomum spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China
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Wang Y, Liu GH, Li JY, Xu MJ, Ye YG, Zhou DH, Song HQ, Lin RQ, Zhu XQ. Genetic variability among Trichuris ovis isolates from different hosts in Guangdong Province, China revealed by sequences of three mitochondrial genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 24:50-4. [PMID: 22928806 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2012.710210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study examined sequence variation in three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5) and cytochrome b (cytb), among Trichuris ovis isolates from different hosts in Guangdong Province, China. A portion of the cox1 (pcox1), nad5 (pnad5) and cytb (pcytb) genes was amplified separately from individual whipworms by PCR, and was subjected to sequencing from both directions. The size of the sequences of pcox1, pnad5 and pcytb was 618, 240 and 464 bp, respectively. Although the intra-specific sequence variations within T. ovis were 0-0.8% for pcox1, 0-0.8% for pnad5 and 0-1.9% for pcytb, the inter-specific sequence differences among members of the genus Trichuris were significantly higher, being 24.3-26.5% for pcox1, 33.7-56.4% for pnad5 and 24.8-26.1% for pcytb, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses using combined sequences of pcox1, pnad5 and pcytb, with three different computational algorithms (maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference), indicated that all of the T. ovis isolates grouped together with high statistical support. These findings demonstrated the existence of intra-specific variation in mtDNA sequences among T. ovis isolates from different hosts, and have implications for studying molecular epidemiology and population genetics of T. ovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
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Liu GH, Wang SY, Huang WY, Zhao GH, Wei SJ, Song HQ, Xu MJ, Lin RQ, Zhou DH, Zhu XQ. The complete mitochondrial genome of Galba pervia (Gastropoda: Mollusca), an intermediate host snail of Fasciola spp. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42172. [PMID: 22844544 PMCID: PMC3406003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes and the gene rearrangements are increasingly used as molecular markers for investigating phylogenetic relationships. Contributing to the complete mt genomes of Gastropoda, especially Pulmonata, we determined the mt genome of the freshwater snail Galba pervia, which is an important intermediate host for Fasciola spp. in China. The complete mt genome of G. pervia is 13,768 bp in length. Its genome is circular, and consists of 37 genes, including 13 genes for proteins, 2 genes for rRNA, 22 genes for tRNA. The mt gene order of G. pervia showed novel arrangement (tRNA-His, tRNA-Gly and tRNA-Tyr change positions and directions) when compared with mt genomes of Pulmonata species sequenced to date, indicating divergence among different species within the Pulmonata. A total of 3655 amino acids were deduced to encode 13 protein genes. The most frequently used amino acid is Leu (15.05%), followed by Phe (11.24%), Ser (10.76%) and IIe (8.346%). Phylogenetic analyses using the concatenated amino acid sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes, with three different computational algorithms (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis), all revealed that the families Lymnaeidae and Planorbidae are closely related two snail families, consistent with previous classifications based on morphological and molecular studies. The complete mt genome sequence of G. pervia showed a novel gene arrangement and it represents the first sequenced high quality mt genome of the family Lymnaeidae. These novel mtDNA data provide additional genetic markers for studying the epidemiology, population genetics and phylogeographics of freshwater snails, as well as for understanding interplay between the intermediate snail hosts and the intra-mollusca stages of Fasciola spp..
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shu-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Univesity, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei-Yi Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Univesity, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Qun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Min-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- Laboratory of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong-Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Liu GH, Hou J, Weng YB, Song HQ, Li S, Yuan ZG, Lin RQ, Zhu XQ. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence ofEimeria mitis(Apicomplexa: Coccidia). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 23:341-3. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2012.690750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Liu GH, Li C, Li JY, Zhou DH, Xiong RC, Lin RQ, Zou FC, Zhu XQ. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) from China. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:640-9. [PMID: 22553464 PMCID: PMC3341605 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganosis, caused by the plerocercoid larvae of members of the genus Spirometra, can cause significant public health problem and considerable economic losses. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei from China was determined, characterized and compared with that of S. erinaceieuropaei from Japan. The gene arrangement in the mt genome sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei from China and Japan is identical. The identity of the mt genomes was 99.1% between S. erinaceieuropaei from China and Japan, and the complete mtDNA sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei from China is slightly shorter (2 bp) than that from Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of S. erinaceieuropaei with other representative cestodes using two different computational algorithms [Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML)] based on concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes, revealed that S. erinaceieuropaei is closely related to Diphyllobothrium spp., supporting classification based on morphological features. The present study determined the complete mtDNA sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei from China that provides novel genetic markers for studying the population genetics and molecular epidemiology of S. erinaceieuropaei in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, China
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Chen N, Yuan ZG, Xu MJ, Zhou DH, Zhang XX, Zhang YZ, Wang XW, Yan C, Lin RQ, Zhu XQ. Ascaris suum enolase is a potential vaccine candidate against ascariasis. Vaccine 2012; 30:3478-82. [PMID: 22465737 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ascariasis caused by Ascaris is the most common parasite problem in humans and pigs worldwide. No vaccines are available for the prevention of Ascaris infections. In the present study, the gene encoding Ascaris suum enolase (As-enol-1) was amplified, cloned and sequenced. Amino acid sequence alignment indicated that As-enol-1 was highly conserved between different nematodes and shared the highest identity (87%) with enolase from Anisakis simplex s.l. The recombinant pVAX-Enol was successfully expressed in Marc-145 cells. The ability of the pVAX-Enol for inducing immune protective responses against challenge infection with A. suum L3 was evaluated in Kunming mice. The immune response was evaluated by lymphoproliferative assay, cytokine and antibody measurements, and the reduction rate of recovery larvae. The results showed that the mice immunized with pVAX-Enol developed a high level of specific antibody responses against A. suum, a strong lymphoproliferative response, and significant levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 production, compared with the other groups immunized with empty plasmid or blank controls, respectively. There was a 61.13% reduction (P<0.05) in larvae recovery compared with that in the blank control group. Our data indicated that A. suum enolase is a potential vaccine candidate against A. suum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
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Zhao GH, Li J, Song HQ, Li XY, Chen F, Lin RQ, Yuan ZG, Weng YB, Hu M, Zou FC, Zhu XQ. A specific PCR assay for the identification and differentiation of Schistosoma japonicum geographical isolates in mainland China based on analysis of mitochondrial genome sequences. Infect Genet Evol 2012; 12:1027-36. [PMID: 22446475 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, near-complete mt genome sequences for eight representative Schistosoma japonicum samples from seven endemic provinces in mainland China were analyzed. Sequence differences among the eight mt genomes of S. japonicum samples were 0.20-2.51%. Variation in protein-coding genes was greater than that in rRNA genes. The mt DNA sequences of S. japonicum samples from south-western (SW) China were 2 bp [position 11727-11728 within tRNA-Cys, microsatellite (AG) indel] longer than those of the parasites from the lower Yangtze/Zhejiang areas. Representative DNA sequencing confirmed that such (AG) indel could be exploited for identification and differentiation of S. japonicum populations in SW China's Yunnan and Sichuan province which have two (AG) repeats from those in all remaining endemic provinces along the Yangtze River below the Three Gorges regions or close to the east coast of China (e.g., Zhejiang) which have only one (AG) repeat. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated amino acids of 12 protein-coding genes also showed that samples from SW China (Sichuan and Yunnan provinces), above the Three Gorges Dam, formed a distinct cluster. Based on this indel polymorphism, a pair of specific primers was designed and used to develop a specific-PCR polyacrylamide gel detection assay. There was an obvious length difference in the amplified PCR products between S. japonicum samples from the two endemic types. The specific-PCR assay allowed the specific identification of S. japonicum, with no amplicons being amplified from other closely related trematodes, and the minimum amount of DNA detectable was 0.05 ng. This approach is inexpensive, easy to perform and the whole detection process can be completed within 4h. Examination of 81 S. japonicum samples from SW China's Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, and 264 samples from the lower Yangtze provinces (Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui and Hunan) and from Zhejiang validated the value of the specific PCR assay and proved its reliability. These findings indicate that the specific PCR assay would provide a useful tool for the epidemiological surveillance and for tracing the source of S. japonicum infection in humans and animals in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
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Lin RQ, Liu GH, Hu M, Song HQ, Wu XY, Li MW, Zhang Y, Zou FC, Zhu XQ. Oesophagostomum dentatum and Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum: characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the two pig nodule worms. Exp Parasitol 2012; 131:1-7. [PMID: 22414328 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of the pig nodule worm Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum were determined for the first time, and the mt genome of Oesophagostomum dentatum from China was also sequenced for comparative analysis of their gene contents and genome organizations. The mtDNA sequences of O. dentatum China isolate and O. quadrispinulatum were 13,752 and 13,681 bp in size, respectively. Each of the two mt genomes comprises 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA and 22 transfer RNA genes, but lacks the ATP synthetase subunit 8 gene. All genes are transcribed in the same direction and have a nucleotide composition high in A and T. The contents of A+T are 75.79% and 77.52% for the mt genomes of O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of the 12 protein-coding genes, with three different computational algorithms (maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference), all revealed that O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum represent distinct but closely-related species. These data provide novel and useful markers for studying the systematics, population genetics and molecular diagnosis of the two pig nodule worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
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Liu GH, Gasser RB, Su A, Nejsum P, Peng L, Lin RQ, Li MW, Xu MJ, Zhu XQ. Clear genetic distinctiveness between human- and pig-derived Trichuris based on analyses of mitochondrial datasets. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1539. [PMID: 22363831 PMCID: PMC3283558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The whipworm, Trichuris trichiura, causes trichuriasis in ∼600 million people worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Whipworms also infect other animal hosts, including pigs (T. suis), dogs (T. vulpis) and non-human primates, and cause disease in these hosts, which is similar to trichuriasis of humans. Although Trichuris species are considered to be host specific, there has been considerable controversy, over the years, as to whether T. trichiura and T. suis are the same or distinct species. Here, we characterised the entire mitochondrial genomes of human-derived Trichuris and pig-derived Trichuris, compared them and then tested the hypothesis that the parasites from these two host species are genetically distinct in a phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data. Taken together, the findings support the proposal that T. trichiura and T. suis are separate species, consistent with previous data for nuclear ribosomal DNA. Using molecular analytical tools, employing genetic markers defined herein, future work should conduct large-scale studies to establish whether T. trichiura is found in pigs and T. suis in humans in endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
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Lin RQ, Liu GH, Zhang Y, D’Amelio S, Zhou DH, Yuan ZG, Zou FC, Song HQ, Zhu XQ. Contracaecum rudolphii B: Gene content, arrangement and composition of its complete mitochondrial genome compared with Anisakis simplex s.l. Exp Parasitol 2012; 130:135-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Liu GH, Wu CY, Song HQ, Wei SJ, Xu MJ, Lin RQ, Zhao GH, Huang SY, Zhu XQ. Comparative analyses of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum from humans and pigs. Gene 2011; 492:110-6. [PMID: 22075400 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum are parasitic nematodes living in the small intestine of humans and pigs, and can cause the disease ascariasis. For long, there has been controversy as to whether the two ascaridoid taxa represent the same species due to their significant resemblances in morphology. However, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome data have been lacking for A. lumbricoides in spite of human and animal health significance and socio-economic impact globally of these parasites. In the present study, we sequenced the complete mt genomes of A. lumbricoides and A. suum (China isolate), which was 14,303 bp and 14,311 bp in size, respectively. The identity of the mt genomes was 98.1% between A. lumbricoides and A. suum (China isolate), and 98.5% between A. suum (China isolate) and A. suum (USA isolate). Both genomes are circular, and consist of 36 genes, including 12 genes for proteins, 2 genes for rRNA and 22 genes for tRNA, which are consistent with that of all other species of ascaridoid studied to date. All genes are transcribed in the same direction and have a nucleotide composition high in A and T (71.7% for A. lumbricoides and 71.8% for A. suum). The AT bias had a significant effect on both the codon usage pattern and amino acid composition of proteins. Phylogenetic analyses of A. lumbricoides and A. suum using concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes, with three different computational algorithms (Bayesian analysis, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony) all clustered in a clade with high statistical support, indicating that A. lumbricoides and A. suum was very closely related. These mt genome data and the results provide some additional genetic evidence that A. lumbricoides and A. suum may represent the same species. The mt genome data presented in this study are also useful novel markers for studying the molecular epidemiology and population genetics of Ascaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
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Li J, Zhao GH, Chen F, Song HQ, Zhu XQ, Zhao GH, Li J, Chen F, Lin RQ, Weng YB, Mahmoud MS, Zou FC. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) method for the identification of geographical isolates of Schistosoma japonicum in China. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2011; 105:531-6. [PMID: 22185948 PMCID: PMC4100313 DOI: 10.1179/2047773211y.0000000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, China
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Lin RQ, Tang JD, Zhou DH, Song HQ, Huang SY, Chen JX, Chen MX, Zhang H, Zhu XQ, Zhou XN. Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection in dogs and cats in subtropical southern China. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:180. [PMID: 21929783 PMCID: PMC3183008 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchiasis, caused by Clonorchis sinensis, is one of the major parasitic zoonoses in China, particularly in China's southern Guangdong province where the prevalence of C. sinensis infection in humans is high. However, little is known of the prevalence of C. sinensis infection in its reservoir hosts dogs and cats. Hence, the prevalence of C. sinensis infection in dogs and cats was investigated in Guangdong province, China between October 2006 and March 2008. RESULTS A total of 503 dogs and 194 cats from 13 administrative regions in Guangdong province were examined by post-mortem examination. The worms were examined, counted, and identified to species according to existing keys and descriptions. The average prevalences of C. sinensis infection in dogs and cats were 20.5% and 41.8%, respectively. The infection intensities in dogs were usually light, but in cats the infection intensities were more serious. The prevalences were higher in some of the cities located in the Pearl River Delta region which is the most important endemic area in Guangdong province, but the prevalences were relatively lower in seaside cities. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation revealed a high prevalence of C. sinensis infection in its reservoir hosts dogs and cats in China's subtropical Guangdong province, which provides relevant "base-line" data for conducting control strategies and measures against clonorchiasis in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
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Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infection of humans and animals, caused by the opportunistic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. Infection in pregnant women may lead to abortion, stillbirth or other serious consequences in newborns. Infection in immunocompromised patients can be fatal if not treated. On average, one third of people are chronically infected worldwide. Although very limited information from China has been published in the English journals, T. gondii infection is actually a significant human health problem in China. In the present article, we reviewed the clinical features, transmission, prevalence of T. gondii infection in humans in China, and summarized genetic characterizations of reported T. gondii isolates. Educating the public about the risks associated with unhealthy food and life style habits, tracking serological examinations to special populations, and measures to strengthen food and occupational safety are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, P R China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P R China
| | - Zhaoguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P R China
| | - Hai-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, P R China
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, P R China
| | - Haihong Zheng
- Department of Pig Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P R China
| | - Shenyi He
- Department of Parasitology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, P R China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, P R China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, P R China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, P R China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650201, P R China
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Tan HW, Liu GH, Dong X, Lin RQ, Song HQ, Huang SY, Yuan ZG, Zhao GH, Zhu XQ. The complete mitochondrial genome of the Asiatic cavity-nesting honeybee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae). PLoS One 2011; 6:e23008. [PMID: 21857981 PMCID: PMC3155526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of Apis cerana, the Asiatic cavity-nesting honeybee. We present here an analysis of features of its gene content and genome organization in comparison with Apis mellifera to assess the variation within the genus Apis and among main groups of Hymenoptera. The size of the entire mt genome of A. cerana is 15,895 bp, containing 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and one control region. These genes are transcribed from both strands and have a nucleotide composition high in A and T. The contents of A+T of the complete genomes are 83.96% for A. cerana. The AT bias had a significant effect on both the codon usage pattern and amino acid composition of proteins. There are a total of 3672 codons in all 13 protein-coding genes, excluding termination codons. The most frequently used amino acid is Leu (15.52%), followed by Ile (12.85%), Phe (10.10%), Ser (9.15%) and Met (8.96%). Intergenic regions in the mt genome of A. cerana are 705 bp in total. The order and orientation of the gene arrangement pattern is identical to that of A. mellifera, except for the position of the tRNA-Ser(AGN) gene. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of 13 protein-coding genes, with three different computational algorithms (NJ, MP and ML), all revealed two distinct groups with high statistical support, indicating that A. cerana and A. mellifera are two separate species, consistent with results of previous morphological and molecular studies. The complete mtDNA sequence of A. cerana provides additional genetic markers for studying population genetics, systematics and phylogeographics of honeybees.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Bees/genetics
- DNA, Circular/chemistry
- DNA, Circular/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/chemistry
- DNA, Mitochondrial/classification
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Gene Order
- Genes, Insect/genetics
- Genes, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Insect Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- RNA, Transfer/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- Eastern Bee Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station in Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xia Dong
- Eastern Bee Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui-Qun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Si-Yang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zi-Guo Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Yuan ZG, Zhang XX, Lin RQ, Petersen E, He S, Yu M, He XH, Zhou DH, He Y, Li HX, Liao M, Zhu XQ. Protective effect against toxoplasmosis in mice induced by DNA immunization with gene encoding Toxoplasma gondii ROP18. Vaccine 2011; 29:6614-9. [PMID: 21762755 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite infecting mammals and birds including humans. Rhoptry protein 18 has been implicated as an important virulence factor. In this study, we constructed a DNA vaccine expressing rhoptry protein 18 (ROP18) of T. gondii, and evaluated the immune response and protective immunity in Kunming mice. The gene sequence encoding ROP18 was inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pVAX I. Intramuscular immunization of mice with pVAX-ROP18 elicited specific humoral responses and stimulated lymphoproliferation (P<0.05). The cellular immune response was associated with the production of IFN-γ, indicating that a Th1 type response was elicited, which was confirmed by the production of large amounts of IgG2a (P<0.05). By the expression of the CD69, an activation marker of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, we found that pVAX-ROP18 enhanced the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in lymphoid in mice. After lethal challenge, the mice immunized with the pVAX-ROP18 showed a significantly increased survival time (27.9±15.1 days) compared with control mice which died within 7 days of challenge (P<0.05). Our results show for the first time, that a ROP18 vaccine construct can enhance the T. gondii-specific CTL. Th1 responses and increased survival suggested that ROP18 is a promising vaccine candidate against infection with T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Guo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
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41
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Lin RQ, Qiu LL, Liu GH, Wu XY, Weng YB, Xie WQ, Hou J, Pan H, Yuan ZG, Zou FC, Hu M, Zhu XQ. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of five Eimeria species from domestic chickens. Gene 2011; 480:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Ai L, Chen MX, Alasaad S, Elsheikha HM, Li J, Li HL, Lin RQ, Zou FC, Zhu XQ, Chen JX. Genetic characterization, species differentiation and detection of Fasciola spp. by molecular approaches. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:101. [PMID: 21658284 PMCID: PMC3121690 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver flukes belonging to the genus Fasciola are among the causes of foodborne diseases of parasitic etiology. These parasites cause significant public health problems and substantial economic losses to the livestock industry. Therefore, it is important to definitively characterize the Fasciola species. Current phenotypic techniques fail to reflect the full extent of the diversity of Fasciola spp. In this respect, the use of molecular techniques to identify and differentiate Fasciola spp. offer considerable advantages. The advent of a variety of molecular genetic techniques also provides a powerful method to elucidate many aspects of Fasciola biology, epidemiology, and genetics. However, the discriminatory power of these molecular methods varies, as does the speed and ease of performance and cost. There is a need for the development of new methods to identify the mechanisms underpinning the origin and maintenance of genetic variation within and among Fasciola populations. The increasing application of the current and new methods will yield a much improved understanding of Fasciola epidemiology and evolution as well as more effective means of parasite control. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular techniques that are being used for the genetic characterization, detection and genotyping of Fasciola spp..
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, P R China
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43
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Li J, Zhao GH, Li XY, Chen F, Chen JB, Zou FC, Yang JF, Lin RQ, Weng YB, Zhu XQ. IRAP: An efficient retrotransposon-based electrophoretic technique for studying genetic variability among geographical isolates of Schistosoma japonicum. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1473-9. [PMID: 21626522 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphism (IRAP) technique, based on retrotransposons, was used to examine genetic variability among Schistosoma japonicum isolates from different provinces in mainland China. Of the 15 primers screened, 5 produced highly reproducible IRAP patterns. Using these primers, 54 discernible DNA fragments were generated with 40 (74.07%) being polymorphic, indicating considerable genetic variation among the examined S. japonicum isolates. The primer LTR-11 was found to be able to differentiate male and female parasites, producing one constant specific band for female S. japonicum isolates. The percentages of polymorphic bands (PPB) among all parasites, among isolates from mountainous provinces and among those from the lake/marshland areas were 74.07, 48.15, and 66.67%, respectively. UPGMA analysis revealed that the IRAP profiles could group S. japonicum isolates in mainland China into two clades (mountainous and lake/marshland types), and samples from the same geographical origins clustered together. These results demonstrated that the IRAP technique is suitable for studying genetic diversity and population structures, and also provides an effective technique for studying sex differentiation of S. japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P R China
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44
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Zhou DH, Yuan ZG, Zhao FR, Li HL, Zhou Y, Lin RQ, Zou FC, Song HQ, Xu MJ, Zhu XQ. Modulation of mouse macrophage proteome induced by Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vivo. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1637-46. [PMID: 21584632 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, which can invade and multiply within the macrophages of humans and most warm-blooded animals. Macrophages are important effector cells for the control and killing of intracellular T. gondii, and they may also serve as long-term host cells for the replication and survival of the parasite. In the present study, we explored the proteomic profile of macrophages of the specific pathogen-free Kunming mice at 24 h after infection with tachyzoites of the virulent T. gondii RH strain using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (TOF)/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. Totally, 60 differentially expressed protein spots were identified. Among them, 52 spots corresponded to 38 proteins matching to proteins of the mouse, including actin, enolase, calumenin, vimentin, plastin 2, annexin A1, cathepsin S, arginase-1, arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, and aminoacylase-1. Functional prediction using Gene Ontology database showed that these proteins were mainly involved in metabolism, structure, protein fate, and immune responses. The findings provided an insight into the interactive relationship between T. gondii and the host macrophages, and will shed new lights on the understanding of molecular mechanisms of T. gondii pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
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45
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Song HQ, Mo XH, Zhao GH, Li J, Zou FC, Liu W, Wu XY, Lin RQ, Weng YB, Zhu XQ. Electrophoretic detection of genetic variability among Schistosoma japonicum isolates by sequence-related amplified polymorphism. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1364-70. [PMID: 21538983 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, sequence-related amplification polymorphism (SRAP) was utilized to study the genetic variability among Schistosoma japonicum isolates from different provinces in China, using Schistosoma mansoni from Puerto Rico for comparison. Five out of ten tested SRAP primer combinations displayed significant polymorphisms among S. japonicum isolates from China, namely ME2/EM1, ME4/EM1, ME4/EM6, ME5/EM4 and ME5/EM5. Analysis of the 61 S. japonicum samples from China with five SRAP primer combinations identified a total of 83 reproducible polymorphic fragments. The number of fragments using each primer combination ranged from 14 to 19, with an average of 16 polymorphic bands per primer pair, and the size of fragment ranged approximately from 100 to 1000 bp. Representative-specific SRAP fragments were excised from the gels, and confirmed by PCR amplification of genomic DNA using primers designed and based on the sequences of these SRAP fragments. Based on SRAP profiles, unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram was constructed. UPGMA clustering algorithm categorized S. japonicum isolates from China into nine clades and two lineages (representing the mountainous and lake/marshland regions). These results indicate the usefulness of the SRAP technique for revealing genetic variability among S. japonicum isolates from China, and the SRAP technique should be applicable to other living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China
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46
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Li HL, Liu ZY, Li J, Ai L, Zhou DH, Yuan ZG, Lin RQ, Weng YB, Zhu XQ. Plasmodium vivax seroprevalence in bred cynomolgus monkeys, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:928-9. [PMID: 21529415 PMCID: PMC3321793 DOI: 10.3201/eid1705.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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47
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Liu CY, Song HQ, Zhang RL, Chen MX, Xu MJ, Ai L, Chen XG, Zhan XM, Liang SH, Yuan ZG, Lin RQ, Zhu XQ. Specific detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the snail Achatina fulica using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Mol Cell Probes 2011; 25:164-7. [PMID: 21515360 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis, a rat lungworm, can cause eosinophilic meningitis and angiostrongyliasis in humans following ingestion of contaminated foods or intermediate/paratenic hosts with infective larvae. The snail Achatina fulica is one of the important intermediate hosts of A. cantonensis and is commonly eaten by humans in some countries. In the present study, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the specific detection of A. cantonensis in Ac. fulica. Primers for LAMP were designed based on the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of A. cantonensis. Specificity tests showed that only the products of A. cantonensis were detected when DNA samples of A. cantonensis and the heterologous control samples Anisakis simplex s.s, Trichuris trichiura, Toxocara canis, Trichinella spiralis and Ascaris lumbricoides were amplified by LAMP. Sensitivity evaluation indicated that the LAMP assay is 10 times more sensitive than the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The established LAMP assay is rapid, inexpensive and easy to be performed. It can be used in clinical applications for rapid and sensitive detection of A. cantonensis in snails, which has implications for the effective control of angiostrongyliasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, PR China
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48
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Ai L, Weng YB, Elsheikha HM, Zhao GH, Alasaad S, Chen JX, Li J, Li HL, Wang CR, Chen MX, Lin RQ, Zhu XQ. Genetic diversity and relatedness of Fasciola spp. isolates from different hosts and geographic regions revealed by analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Vet Parasitol 2011; 181:329-34. [PMID: 21524854 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined sequence variability in a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (pcox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 4 and 5 (pnad4 and pnad5) among 39 isolates of Fasciola spp., from different hosts from China, Niger, France, the United States of America, and Spain; and their phylogenetic relationships were re-constructed. Intra-species sequence variations were 0.0-1.1% for pcox1, 0.0-2.7% for pnad4, and 0.0-3.3% for pnad5 for Fasciola hepatica; 0.0-1.8% for pcox1, 0.0-2.5% for pnad4, and 0.0-4.2% for pnad5 for Fasciola gigantica, and 0.0-0.9% for pcox1, 0.0-0.2% for pnad4, and 0.0-1.1% for pnad5 for the intermediate Fasciola form. Whereas, nucleotide differences were 2.1-2.7% for pcox1, 3.1-3.3% for pnad4, and 4.2-4.8% for pnad5 between F. hepatica and F. gigantica; were 1.3-1.5% for pcox1, 2.1-2.9% for pnad4, 3.1-3.4% for pnad5 between F. hepatica and the intermediate form; and were 0.9-1.1% for pcox1, 1.4-1.8% for pnad4, 2.2-2.4% for pnad5 between F. gigantica and the intermediate form. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined sequences of pcox1, pnad4 and pnad5 revealed distinct groupings of isolates of F. hepatica, F. gigantica, or the intermediate Fasciola form irrespective of their origin, demonstrating the usefulness of the mtDNA sequences for the delineation of Fasciola species, and reinforcing the genetic evidence for the existence of the intermediate Fasciola form.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
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Xia HY, Zhou DH, Jia K, Zeng XB, Zhang DW, She LX, Lin RQ, Yuan ZG, Li SJ, Zhu XQ. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum Infection in Dairy Cattle of Southern China. J Parasitol 2011; 97:172-3. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-2643.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Zhao GH, Blair D, Li XY, Li J, Lin RQ, Zou FC, Sugiyama H, Mo XH, Yuan ZG, Song HQ, Zhu XQ. The ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS) region in Schistosoma japonicum: structure and comparisons with related species. Infect Genet Evol 2011; 11:610-7. [PMID: 21277395 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intergenic spacer (IGS) between the 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes was PCR-amplified, sequenced and characterized for Schistosoma japonicum from mainland China, and compared with those of other Schistosoma species. Excluding flanking portions of the 28S and 18S genes, the IGS in the longest sequenced amplicon from S. japonicum IGS was 1457bp in length. However, intra-specific and intra-individual variation was noted. The IGS region of S. japonicum is strikingly different in structure from those of African Schistosoma species for which data are available. S. japonicum has a shorter IGS and largely lacks a long region of complex repeats seen in the African species. However, careful comparisons with African species highlighted the presence of a few shared repeat motifs that were not apparent from study of African species only. Such motifs presumably have functional significance. Discovery of such motifs may in general be aided by comparisons of relatively distant taxa rather than of sibling taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China
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