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Lee SY, Yuk HG, Ko SG, Cho SG, Moon GS. Gut Microbiome Prolongs an Inhibitory Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mouse Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030926. [PMID: 33809267 PMCID: PMC7999605 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the anti-obesity effect of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) has been revealed, its underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Here, we demonstrate an involvement of gut microbiome in the inhibitory effect of Korean red ginseng on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced mouse obesity, and further provides information on the effects of saponin-containing red ginseng extract (SGE) and saponin-depleted red ginseng extract (GE). Mice were fed with either SGE or GE every third day for one month, and their food intakes, fat weights, plasma glucose, and insulin and leptin levels were measured. Immunofluorescence assays were conducted to measure pancreatic islet size. Stools from the mice were subjected to metagenomic analysis. Both SGE and GE attenuated HFD-induced gain of body weight, reducing HFD-induced increase of food intakes and fat weights. They also reduced HFD-increased plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin levels, decreased both fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations, and improved both insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that they blocked HFD-induced increase of pancreatic islet size. Our pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3 region from stools revealed that both SGE and GE modulated HFD-altered composition of gut microbiota. Therefore, we conclude that Korean red ginseng inhibits HFD-induced obesity and diabetes by altering gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yeon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea; (S.Y.L.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Hyun Gyun Yuk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 27909, Korea;
| | - Seong Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea; (S.Y.L.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Sung-Gook Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 27909, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.C.); (G.-S.M.); Tel.: +82-43-820-5254 (S.-G.C.); +82-43-820-5272 (G.-S.M.)
| | - Gi-Seong Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 27909, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.C.); (G.-S.M.); Tel.: +82-43-820-5254 (S.-G.C.); +82-43-820-5272 (G.-S.M.)
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Woo SM, Kwon SC, Ko SG, Cho SG. Barley grass extract causes apoptosis of cancer cells by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species production. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:681-685. [PMID: 28584641 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, therefore food products are being investigated for potential prevention or treatment strategies. The ingredient, barley grass extract (Hordeum vulgare L.; Bex) is used to prevent or ameliorate various types of disease. In cancer, Bex has been revealed to inhibit tumor growth. However, its effect on cancer cells is yet to be clearly defined. In the present study, the effect of Bex on cancer cell growth was investigated. Bex inhibited the viabilities of breast and prostate cancer cells according to the results of MTT assays. Accordingly, Bex caused apoptosis, which was confirmed by Annexin V staining and western blot analysis for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspases. Furthermore, Bex increased the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and N-acetyl-L-cystein blocked Bex-induced apoptosis. Therefore, the study demonstrated that Bex causes apoptosis of breast and prostate cancer cells by increasing intracellular ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Woo
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Kwon
- Department of Food Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 368-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Gyu Ko
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gook Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 368-701, Republic of Korea
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Lee K, Chae MS, Cho SG, Go HY, Sun SH, Jang J, Jung KY, Choi YK, Song YK, Sim SY, Lee HL, Kang MS, Jeon CY, Ko SG. Inhibitory effect of Angelica gigas on cold‑induced RhoA activation in vascular cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3143-3146. [PMID: 28350093 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbal extract Angelica gigas (AG) has been applied as a vasodilating agent for patients suffering from vascular diseases for many years; however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The present study hypothesized that the anti‑vasoconstrictive effect of AG may be effective in the treatment of abnormal cold‑mediated vasospasms that occur in Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). The effect of AG on the activity of ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) was investigated in cold‑exposed vascular cells. Vascular cells were pretreated to AG, followed by a warm (37˚C) or cold (25˚C) incubation for 30 min and investigated with western blotting, ELISA and confocal microscopy. Cold treatment induced the activation of RhoA in pericytes and vascular endothelial cells, however this was reduced by treatment with AG. Furthermore, AG treatment reduced the endothelin‑1 (ET‑1)‑mediated RhoA activation in pericytes; however, cold‑induced ET‑1 production by vascular endothelial cells was not affected by treatment with AG. In addition, AG treatment suppressed the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesion complexes, and the cold‑induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, proto‑oncogene tyrosine‑protein kinase Src and extracellular signal‑related kinase. Therefore, AG treatment demonstrated an ability to reduce cold‑induced RhoA activation in pericytes and vascular endothelial cells, and attenuated ET‑1‑mediated RhoA activation in pericytes. In conclusion, the present study indicated that AG may be useful for the treatment of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwook Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02477, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Chae
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics & Gynecology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02477, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gook Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Cheongju, Chungbuk 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yeon Go
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Chungju, Chungbuk 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Sun
- Department of Oriental Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon 23339, Republic of Korea
| | - Junbock Jang
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02477, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Yong Jung
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kyung Choi
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kyung Song
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 461701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Sim
- Department of Korean Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 461701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lim Lee
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 461701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Suk Kang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 461701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yong Jeon
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
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Woo SM, Choi YK, Kim AJ, Yun YJ, Shin YC, Cho SG, Ko SG. Sip-jeon-dea-bo-tang, a traditional herbal medicine, ameliorates cisplatin-induced anorexia via the activation of JAK1/STAT3-mediated leptin and IL-6 production in the fat tissue of mice. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2967-72. [PMID: 26936678 PMCID: PMC4805058 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its therapeutic advantages, chemotherapy can also cause adverse effects, including anorexia and loss of appetite. Although numerous patients with cancer have been reported to suffer from anorexia during or following chemotherapy, treatment options for anorexia remain to be determined. In Asian countries, traditional medicines are widely used to treat problems with appetite; sip-jeon-dea-bo-tang (SJDBT) is one of those medicines used for the treatment of anorexia. The present study demonstrated that SJDBT ameliorated cisplatin-induced anorexia. In a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced anorexia, oral administration of SJDBT prevented the cisplatin-induced reduction of food intake, inhibiting weight loss. The results of multiplex assays showed that SJDBT only altered the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and leptin in the serum and fat tissue. In addition, SJDBT maintained the serum leptin level and increased the serum IL-6 level, whereas cisplatin reduced the levels of both serum leptin and IL-6. Furthermore, SJDBT was revealed to increase the levels of leptin and IL-6 in the fat tissue by activating the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present results revealed that SJDBT ameliorated cisplatin-induced anorexia, suggesting its usefulness in the prevention of anorexia during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mi Woo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Republic of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyung Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Republic of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Jeong Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Republic of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Jin Yun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Republic of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Republic of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gook Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Republic of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Republic of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
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Kim JH, Jeong SJ, Kwon TR, Yun SM, Jung JH, Kim M, Lee HJ, Lee MH, Ko SG, Chen CY, Kim SH. Cryptotanshinone enhances TNF-α-induced apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia KBM-5 cells. Apoptosis 2011; 16:696-707. [PMID: 21519916 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone is a biologically active compound from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which cryptotanshinone is in synergy with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) for the induction of apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) KBM-5 cells. The co-treatment of cryptotanshinone with TNF-α reduced the viability of the cells [combination index (CI) < 1]. Concomitantly, the co-treatment of cryptotanshinone and TNF-α elicited apoptosis, manifested by enhanced the number of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP-nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells, the sub-G1 cell populations, and the activation of caspase-8 and -3, in comparison with the treatment with either drug alone. The treatment with cryptotanshinone further suppressed TNF-α-mediated expression of c-FLIP(L), Bcl-x(L), but the increased level of tBid (a caspase-8 substrate). Furthermore, cryptotanshinone activated p38 but not NF-κB in TNF-α-treated KBM-5 cells. The addition of a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 significantly attenuated cryptotanshinone/TNF-α-induced apoptosis. The combination treatment of cryptotanshinone and TNF-α also stimulated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, a ROS scavenger) was not only able to block cryptotanshinone/TNF-α-induced ROS production but also the activation of caspase-8 and p38 MAPK. Overall, our findings suggest that cryptotanshinone can sensitize TNF-α-induced apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia KBM-5 cells, which appears through ROS-dependent activation of caspase-8 and p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea.
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Shin J, Lee HJ, Jung DB, Jung JH, Lee HJ, Lee EO, Lee SG, Shim BS, Choi SH, Ko SG, Ahn KS, Jeong SJ, Kim SH. Suppression of STAT3 and HIF-1 alpha mediates anti-angiogenic activity of betulinic acid in hypoxic PC-3 prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21492. [PMID: 21731766 PMCID: PMC3123343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that regulates various cellular processes such as cell survival, angiogenesis and proliferation. In the present study, we examined that betulinic acid (BA), a triterpene from the bark of white birch, had the inhibitory effects on hypoxia-mediated activation of STAT3 in androgen independent human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS BA inhibited the protein expression and the transcriptional activities of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) under hypoxic condition. Consistently, BA blocked hypoxia-induced phosphorylation, DNA binding activity and nuclear accumulation of STAT3. In addition, BA significantly reduced cellular and secreted levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a critical angiogenic factor and a target gene of STAT3 induced under hypoxia. Furthermore, BA prevented in vitro capillary tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) maintained in conditioned medium of hypoxic PC-3 cells, implying anti-angiogenic activity of BA under hypoxic condition. Of note, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) assay revealed that BA inhibited binding of HIF-1α and STAT3 to VEGF promoter. Furthermore, silencing STAT3 using siRNA transfection effectively enhanced the reduced VEGF production induced by BA treatment under hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our results suggest that BA has anti-angiogenic activity by disturbing the binding of HIF-1α and STAT3 to the VEGF promoter in hypoxic PC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Shin
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deok-Beom Jung
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ok Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Geun Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beom Sang Shim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Choi
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Gyu Ko
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Cho JH, Ko SG, Ahn YK, Song KC, Choi EJ. Preparation of biopolymer-coated magnetite nanoparticles for magnetic resonance image contrast agent. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009; 9:779-782. [PMID: 19441391 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.c023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized using the sonochemical method with oleic acid as surfactant. The average size of the magnetite particles can be controlled by the ratio R = [H2O]/[surfactant] in the range of 2 to 9 nm. The size of the magnetite nanoparticles prepared by this method shows the narrow distribution. To prepare biopolymer(beta-glucan)-coated magnetite nanoparticles, beta-glucan solution was added to the magnetic colloid suspensions under the ultrasonication at room temperature. The beta-glucan coated magnetite colloidal suspensions of various concentrations did not agglomerate for 15 days, indicating their good stability. The beta-glucan-coated magnetite colloidal suspensions exhibited the enhancement of MRI contrasts in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Konyang University, Nonsan, Chungnam 320-711, Korea
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Jung CH, Hong MH, Kim JH, Lee JY, Ko SG, Cho K, Seog HM. Protective effect of a phenolic-rich fraction from Schisandra chinensis against H2O2-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2007; 59:455-62. [PMID: 17331350 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.3.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the neuroprotective effects of a phenolic-rich fraction (PRF) on the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced apoptosis of cultured SH-SY5Y cells. The PRF was obtained from the 80% ethanol extract of the fruits of Schisandra chinensis by Sepabeads SP-850 column chromatography. Cell viability assays revealed that pretreating SH-SY5Y cells with PRF (10-200 mugmL(-1)) resulted in significant dose-dependent protection against H(2)O(2)-induced cell death. The protective effect of PRF against H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of DNA contents using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Pre-incubation of cells with PRF at different concentrations for 24 h partially protected apoptosis by H(2)O(2) (150 muM). Moreover, cells treated with PRF reduced H(2)O(2)-induced caspase-3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and exerted an apparent suppressive effect on oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We concluded that PRF may be useful in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases associated with elevated ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hwa Jung
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Ko SG, Kim HP, Jin DH, Bae HS, Kim SH, Park CH, Lee JW. Saussurea lappa induces G2-growth arrest and apoptosis in AGS gastric cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2005; 220:11-9. [PMID: 15737683 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2003] [Revised: 06/14/2004] [Accepted: 06/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The molecular effects of Saussurea lappa extracts, a traditional medicine in Eastern Asia, on the fate of gastric carcinoma have not been understood. In this study, its cytostatic effects were examined using gastric AGS cancer cells. Its treatment resulted in apoptosis and G2-arrest in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The effects were attributed to the regulation of cyclins and pro-apoptotic molecules and suppression of anti-apoptotic molecules. Therefore, these results suggest that extracts of S. lappa root may be a candidate to deal with gastric cancers either by traditional herbal therapy or by combinational therapy with conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Gyu Ko
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Tumor Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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Ko SG, Lee KS, Cho KH, Kim YS, Bae HS, Moon SK. Inhibition of human smooth muscle cell proliferation by gamigeonsim-tang through the transcriptional regulation of cell cycle-controlling genes. Am J Chin Med 2000; 28:57-67. [PMID: 10794117 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x00000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of gamigeonsim-tang (GGT) on cellular proliferation and expression of cell cycle-related genes were investigated in human smooth muscle cell HISM. HISM cells were treated with an aqueous extract of GGT. Cellular proliferation was investigated by an immunocytometric analysis of PCNA expression and a flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle progression. Reduced expression of PCNA and a significant accumulation of G1 phase cells were observed following treatment, indicating that GGT inhibits cellular proliferation of human smooth muscle cells. To explore whether GGT affects the transcription of cell cycle-regulating genes, we evaluated mRNA expression of p53, p21Waf1 PCNA, Cyclin D1, Cdc2, Histone H3, c-Myc, and c-Fos using a quantitative RT-PCR analysis. While increased expressions of two negative cell cycle regulators, p53 and p21Waf1 were found, reduced expressions of cell cycle stimulators, PCNA, c-Fos, and c-Myc, were identified following treatment. Taken together, our study demonstrates that GGT inhibits cellular proliferation of human smooth muscle cell through the up- and down-regulation of growth-inhibiting and growth-promoting genes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Ko
- Department of Circulatory Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim HM, Ko SG, Kim JJ, Chung YT, An NH. Interleukin-3 or immunoglobulin E promotes expression of protein kinase C delta gene in murine mast cells. Pharmacol Res 1999; 40:147-51. [PMID: 10433873 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.1999.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta) is the main isoenzyme in various types of murine mast cells. In the present study we investigated the regulation of expression of PKCdelta gene in murine mast cells in vitro and in vivo. The mRNA expressions of PKCdelta were promoted in response to interleukin-3 (IL-3) or immunoglobulin E (IgE) in mouse mastocytoma P-815 cells. In addition we have evaluated the mast cells which express PKCdelta mRNA in IgE-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction, using in situ hybridization with the antisense riboprobe in skin. These results indicate that mast cell activation can induce a marked promotion in steady state levels of PKCdelta mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 570-749, South Korea
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