1
|
Klinedinst BS, Kharate MK, Mohammadiarvejeh P, Fili M, Pollpeter A, Larsen BA, Moody S, Wang Q, Allenspach K, Mochel JP, Willette AA. Exploring the secrets of super-aging: a UK Biobank study on brain health and cognitive function. GeroScience 2023; 45:2471-2480. [PMID: 36947307 PMCID: PMC10651574 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Communities across the globe are faced with a rapidly aging society, where age is the main risk factor for cognitive decline and development of Alzheimer's and related diseases. Despite extensive research, there have been no successful treatments yet. A rare group of individuals called "super-agers" have been noted to thrive with their exceptional ability to maintain a healthy brain and normal cognitive function even in old age. Studying their traits, lifestyles, and environments may provide valuable insight. This study used a data-driven approach to identify potential super-agers among 7121 UK Biobank participants and found that these individuals have the highest total brain volume, best cognitive performance, and lowest functional connectivity. The researchers suggest a novel hypothesis that these super-agers possess enhanced neural processing efficiency that increases with age and introduce a definition of the "neural efficiency index." Furthermore, several other types of aging were identified and significant structural-functional differences were observed between them, highlighting the benefit of research efforts in personalized medicine and precision nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Klinedinst
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359, 325 9th Avenue, WA, 98104, Seattle, USA.
| | - Mihir K Kharate
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Parvin Mohammadiarvejeh
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mohammad Fili
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Amy Pollpeter
- Interdepartmental Bioinformatics and Computational Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Brittany A Larsen
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Shannin Moody
- Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Auriel A Willette
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cripe L, Colan S, Eliopoulos H, Moody S, Mendell J. Effects of long-term treatment with eteplirsen on cardiac function. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
3
|
Andrewes D, Andrewes D, Matthews J, Moody S, Parker M, Purchase J, Rood J, Taylor J. Practical barriers to accessing cancer care. J Geriatr Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2012.10.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Lesmes-Anel J, Robinson G, Moody S. Learning preferences and learning styles: a study of Wessex general practice registrars. Br J Gen Pract 2001; 51:559-64. [PMID: 11462316 PMCID: PMC1314048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experienced trainers know that individual registrars react very differently to identical learning experiences generated during the year in practice. This divergence reflects differences in registrars' learning styles. Only one study of United Kingdom (UK) general practitioners' learning styles has been undertaken. Learning style theory predicts that matching learning preference with learning style will enhance learning. This paper researches for the first time the evidence in the setting of UK general practice. AIM To determine, for the general practice registrars within the Wessex Region, the nature of their learning preferences and learning styles and correlations between them. DESIGN OF STUDY A descriptive confidential postal questionnaire survey. SETTING Fifty-seven registrars identified in the Wessex Region with a minimum experience of six months in general practice. METHOD The questionnaire gathered demographic data (sex, age, experience in general practice, years post-registration, and postgraduate qualifications). Learning preferences were elicited using a six-point Likert scale for learning experiences. The Honey and Mumford Learning Style Questionnaire (LSQ) elicited the registrars' learning styles. A second questionnaire was sent to non-responders. RESULTS The response rate was 74%. Registrars report that interactive learning with feedback is preferred, but more passive learning formats remain valued. A wide range of learning style scores was found. The Honey and Mumford LSQ mean scores fell within the reflector-theorist quadrant. Evidence for correlations between learning preferences and learning styles was also found, in particular for the multiple choice question and audit components of summative assessment. CONCLUSION A wide range of registrar learning styles exists in Wessex, and initial correlations are described between learning preferences and learning styles as predicted by style theory. This work sets the stage for a shared understanding and use of learning style theory to enhance professional learning throughout a GP's career. More research is needed in this domain.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chang JT, Esumi N, Moore K, Li Y, Zhang S, Chew C, Goodman B, Rattner A, Moody S, Stetten G, Campochiaro PA, Zack DJ. Cloning and characterization of a secreted frizzled-related protein that is expressed by the retinal pigment epithelium. Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8:575-83. [PMID: 10072424 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.4.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/frizzled cell signaling pathway has been implicated in the determination of polarity in a number of systems, including the Drosophila retina. The vertebrate retina develops from an undifferentiated neuroepithelium into an organized and laminated structure that demonstrates a high degree of polarity at both the tissue and cellular levels. In the process of searching for molecules that are preferentially expressed by the vertebrate retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), we identified secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), a member of the SFRP family that appears to act by modulating Wnt signal transduction. SFRP5 is highly expressed by RPE cells, and is also expressed in the pancreas. Within the retina, the related molecule SFRP2 is expressed specifically by cells of the inner nuclear layer. Thus, photoreceptors are likely to be bathed by two opposing gradients of SFRP molecules. Consistent with SFRP5 's postulated role in modulating Wnt signaling in the retina, it inhibits the ability of Xwnt-8 mRNA to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos. The human SFRP5 gene consists of three coding exons and it maps to chromosome 10q24.1; human SFRP2 maps to 4q31.3. Based on the biology and complementary expression patterns of SFRP2 and SFRP5, we suggest that they may be involved in determining the polarity of photoreceptor, and perhaps other, cells in the retina.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Body Patterning
- Cattle
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Embryonic Development
- Exons
- Eye Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Introns
- Membrane Proteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Microinjections
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pigment Epithelium of Eye/metabolism
- Proteins
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage
- Retina/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Wnt Proteins
- Xenopus
- Xenopus Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Chang
- The Wilmer Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-9289, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Moody S, Becker S, Nuchamowitz Y, Mirelman D. Identification of significant variation in the composition of lipophosphoglycan-like molecules of E. histolytica and E. dispar. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1998; 45:9S-12S. [PMID: 9561777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1998.tb04517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The lipophosphoglycan-like (LPG-like) molecules of E. histolytica virulent strains are clearly distinct from those of the avirulent E. histolytica and E. dispar strains. Abundant 'LPG' levels are apparently limited to virulent strains, while lipophosphopeptidoglycans ('LPPG's) are common to both virulent and avirulent strains of E. histolytica and E. dispar. It is therefore conceivable that 'LPPG' performs a function that is essential to survival within the host, while the 'LPG' performs a more specific function related to virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Moody
- Department of Membrane Research and Biophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Moody S, Becker S, Nuchamowitz Y, Mirelman D. Virulent and avirulent Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar differ in their cell surface phosphorylated glycolipids. Parasitology 1997; 114 ( Pt 2):95-104. [PMID: 9051918 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182096008396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Virulent strains of Entamoeba histolytica have been reported to produce a mixture of phosphoglycoconjugates that share some structural features with the lipophosphoglycans (LPGs) of Leishmania. Purification of these glycoconjugates is essential to their precise structural characterization. In this study we have extracted 'LPG-like' molecules from various virulent E. histolytica strains and purified on the basis of charge differences, 2 apparently related glycoconjugates a 'LPG' and a 'lipophosphopeptidoglycan (LPPG)'. In marked contrast to the abundance of these 'LPG' and 'LPPG' molecules in the virulent strains, avirulent E. histolytica and E. dispar strains produce either very low, or no detectable levels of LPG, and either low levels or modified forms of 'LPPG'. Monospecific polyclonal antibodies prepared against that 'LPG' of the virulent strain HM-1:1MSS c16 identified epitopes shared between both the 'LPG' and the 'LPPG' of this and other virulent strains, using Western blot analysis. Flow cytometric analysis of a range of strains using these antibodies identified a surface distribution of these molecules and confirmed a correlation between surface exposure of epitopes bound by these antibodies and parasite virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Moody
- Department of Membrane Research and Biophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moody S, Becker S, Nuchamowitz Y, McConville MJ, Mirelman D. The lipophosphoglycan-like molecules of virulent and avirulent E. histolytica as well as of E. dispar differ in both composition and abundance. Arch Med Res 1997; 28 Spec No:98-102. [PMID: 9033029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Moody
- Department of Membrane Research and Biophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Copper serves as the cofactor for a number of important enzymes in cartilage, as well as in other tissues, including lysyl oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and cytochrome oxidase. Ceruloplasmin is responsible for the transport of approx. 95% of the copper in serum, but the mechanisms for intracellular copper transport are unknown. We have demonstrated recently that a high-molecular-weight cartilage glycoprotein, referred to as CMGP, has regions of sequence homology with ceruloplasmin. CMGP also binds copper and has at least some oxidase activity similar to that of ceruloplasmin. Other tissues synthesize intracellular ceruloplasmin-like proteins. The present report represents part of an effort to examine the hypothesis that CMGP is a copper transport protein in chondrocytes and to characterize the enzymatic activities of CMGP. These studies demonstrate that CMGP is the principal chondrocyte protein labeled by 67Cu in vitro and that the label is localized to the mitochondria, cytosol, and membrane fractions of sucrose gradients, suggesting copper transport through the cell. In parallel experiments, [3H]leucine was incorporated into proteins corresponding to the subunits and fragments of CMGP, as described previously, and in a similar distribution among the subcellular fractions as labeled copper. Additionally, CMGP has oxidase and ferroxidase activities similar to those of ceruloplasmin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R S Fife
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-5103
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
We report a retrospective study of 59 patients for whom our university hospital nursing service had required the use of lay sitters because of the need for constant observation. Of 54 charts examined, 28 noted a need for psychiatric consultation, mostly because of delirious states. Quality of care deficits discerned included (1) inadequate pharmacotherapy of alcoholic and nonalcoholic delirium, (2) inadequate search for treatable causes of delirium (thyroid, B12, and folate deficiencies), (3) insufficient awareness of persistent cognitive deficits, which influence the patient's ability to care for himself or give informed consent. The knowledge and skills deficits we found are not unique to this hospital and reflect the failure of most graduate programs to reinforce basic psychiatric teaching. The quality of care issues indicate that more serious consideration should be given to providing necessary psychiatric training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F J Kane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Burkholder T, Chambers M, Hotmire K, Wurster RD, Moody S, Randall WC. Gross and microscopic anatomy of the vagal innervation of the rat heart. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1992; 232:444-52. [PMID: 1543268 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092320313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic cardiac ganglia and their vagal innervation are described from gross and microscopic dissections and functional studies in the anesthetized, open-chest, adult rat. Dissecting microscope sketches of the ventral and dorsal aspects of the rat heart provide gross descriptions of the anatomical course of the vagal cardiac nerves. Histological sectioning of adipose tissue packets surrounding the terminal endings of vagal branches distributed to the roots of the great cardiac vessels (aorta, pulmonary artery, precaval veins) revealed clusters of autonomic ganglia. These packets or "fat pads" were located: (1) along the dorsal surface of the right precava and extending medially toward the aortic root, (2) deep to the aortic arch, (3) in the angle between the root of the left precava and the pulmonary artery on the superior-dorsal surface of the left atrium, and (4) in the rostro-dorsal interatrial septum. Vagal distributions of small terminal branches were traced to each of these pads, which contained numerous autonomic ganglia. Electrical excitation of right or left cervical vagus elicited varying degrees of sinus slowing, slowing of A-V conduction, and suppression in atrial contractile force. Very small quantities (0.5 mg in 10 microliters saline) of the ganglionic blocking agent, hexamethonium (C6) were injected selectively into a single fat pad, followed by repetition of right or left vagal stimulation, with careful analysis of changes in heart rate (paced and unpaced), A-V conduction, and contractile force.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Burkholder
- Biology Department, Taylor University, Upland, Indiana 46989
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to design treatment programmes for various types of reading disorder in such a way as to allow a valid evaluation of their efficacy, i.e. in a way which allows specific treatment effects to be distinguished from non-specific treatment effects (e.g., the effects of attention from a helpful person), and from changes unrelated to treatment (e.g. spontaneous recovery). In particular, the intention was to investigate whether specific forms of therapeutic intervention help specific forms of disorder. Studies on five patients with different patterns of reading difficulty showed that specific treatment programmes were responsible for significant improvement in the patients' reading performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Moody
- Psychology Department, Birkbeck College, London
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tolkin JB, MacAdam C, Moody S, Wood BP. Radiological case of the month. Extralobar pulmonary sequestration. Am J Dis Child 1987; 141:1223-4. [PMID: 3314476 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1987.04460110093032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J B Tolkin
- Department of Pediatrics, North York General Hospital, Willowdale, Ontario
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Moody S, Dalme FC. Alternative sites for service, education, and research. ANA Publ 1986:6-11. [PMID: 3636091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Cooper PR, Moody S, Sklar F. Chronic monitoring of intracranial pressure using an in vivo calibrating sensor: experience in patients with pseudotumor cerebri. Neurosurgery 1979; 5:666-70. [PMID: 534074 DOI: 10.1227/00006123-197912000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of reliable methods are available for the short term monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP). However, the danger of infection and the need for external connections make the use of these methods for extended periods inappropriate. Most previously described devices for chronic monitoring of ICP are of limited value because of uncertain drift from zero-point readings. The Hittman-Meyer ICP sensor approaches the ideal for a long term monitoring device. It is fully implantable and is accurate over a wide range of pressures and for extended periods. It is designed so that in vivo calibration may be performed in a noninvasive fashion. We report the use of this device in eight patients with pseudomotor cerebri. It has functioned accurately for periods ranging up to 14 months after implantation and has proven to be a valuable aid in the management of these patients. (Neurosurgery, 5: 666-670, 1979).
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Serial (two or three) computerized tomographic (CT) scans were performed on a series of 58 patients with severe head injury. The protocol called for scans to be done upon admission and on Days 3 and 7 after injury. New lesions (i.e., lesions not visualized on the initial CT scans but appearing on subsequent scans) were a frequent finding, occurring in over half of all patients. For the purposes of this study a new lesion was classified as edema involving two or more lobes, extra-axial hematoma, parenchymal hemorrhage, or infarction. Significant correlation was found between good outcome and the absence of new lesions and between bad outcome and the development of new lesions (p less than 0.001). Several patients did well in spite of the development of new lesions, but these patients were unique in that most had small, unilateral parenchymal hematomas located at or near the frontal or temporal poles. In most cases, patients who did poorly in spite of not developing new lesions had severe injuried visualized on their initial scans (massive intracerebral hematoma, hemorrhage of the corpus callosum) or succumbed to medical complications. The pertinent literature is reviewed, and other CT findings associated with a poor prognosis are noted. The authors suggest that serial CT scanning may be used to make prognostic assessments in severely head-injured patients and may be of value in increasing the confidence in and accuracy of assessments made on clinical grounds alone. (Neurosurgery, 5: 566--569, 1979).
Collapse
|
19
|
Cooper PR, Moody S, Clark WK, Kirkpatrick J, Maravilla K, Gould AL, Drane W. Dexamethasone and severe head injury. A prospective double-blind study. J Neurosurg 1979; 51:307-16. [PMID: 381599 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1979.51.3.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A prospective double-blind study of the effects of dexamethasone administration on the outcome of patients with severe head injuries was performed. Patients were stratified for severity of neurological injury and were treated with placebo, low-dose dexamethasone (16 mg/day), or high-dose dexamethasone (96 mg/day) for a period of 6 days. Outcome was evaluated at 6 months following injury. Of the 76 patients available for analysis, a good outcome was achieved in 37% of placebo-treated patients, 44% of low-dose-treated patients, and 29% of high-dose-treated patients. These differences are not statistically significant. Similarly dexamethasone administration had no statistically significant effect on intracranial pressure patterns or serial neurological examinations during hospitalization. Gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in only one patient. Good outcome was associated with age under 10 years, lighter depth of coma on admission, and the preservation of brain-stem reflexes upon admission. A recalculation of data in previous clinical series purporting to show an improvement in outcome as a result of corticosteroid therapy shows no significant difference in outcome when steroid- and placebo-treated patients are compared. In our series, 90% of all deaths were caused by recurrent intracranial hematomas, medical complications, or diffuse brain injuries with parenchymal hemorrhage and tissue disruption -- causes of death which cannot be affected by corticosteroid therapy. The study suggests that dexamethasone in either high or low dosages has no significant effect on morbidity and mortality following severe head injury.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The rational management of patients with head injury calls for the closest cooperation between the radiologist and neurosurgeon. Until the last three to four years, cerebral angiography had been considered the diagnostic procedure of choice for the management of patients with suspected traumatically induced intracranial mass lesions. Experience with CT scanning now indicates that for a number of reasons this procedure is to be preferred in the diagnosis of head injuries. It is more rapid than angiography, routinely visualizes the entire brain, is noninvasive, resolves lesions that are much smaller than any visualized by angiography and defines the density and thus the nature of traumatic lesions in a manner not possible with previously employed techniques. Using CT scanning in a sequential fashion we have routinely been able to visualize the appearance of new lesions in the post-traumatic period and have as well, been able to develop insights into the temporal appearance and disappearance of white matter edema as measured by Hounsfield numbers. In the late post-traumatic period, it has been valuable in defining hydrocephalus, porencephaly and other post-traumatic lesions that have a significant bearing on both therapy and prognosis.
Collapse
|