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Sayyahfar S, Eghdami S, Kachuei M, Zarei E, Vafadar M. First Report of Pneumocephalus, Meningitis and Epidural Abscess Associated With Sphenoid Sinusitis in Pediatric Age Group. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024:00006454-990000000-00823. [PMID: 38621160 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Shayan Eghdami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Maryam Kachuei
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Elham Zarei
- Department of Radiology, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mehdi Vafadar
- Department of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
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Kachuei M, Zare R, Sayyahfar S, Khalili M, Movahedi H, Naghshbandi M, Eghdami S. An unusual imaging presentation of pediatric bacterial meningoencephalitis: a case-report study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:1739-1744. [PMID: 38463079 PMCID: PMC10923334 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial meningoencephalitis is a serious infection affecting the brain and its surrounding membranes. While imaging studies play a crucial role in diagnosing this condition, the typical radiological findings are well-documented. However, this case report describes an unusual imaging presentation that deviates from the expected patterns, emphasizing the need for awareness of such variations. Case presentation A 7-year-old female with no prior medical history was referred to our hospital with fever, seizure, and loss of Consciousness. She had mild flu a week before admission. The duration of seizure episodes were 2-3 min, with tonic-clonic uncontrollable jerky movements. Brudzinski and Kernig signs were positive and plantar reflex was upward bilaterally in the physical examination. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed brain ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalus, and MRI findings indicated multiple foci located at cerebellum, basal ganglia, and thalamus alongside intensely restricted diffusion of the layering debris, suggesting pyogenic ventriculitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed severe hypoglycorrhachia, despite non-significant increase of protein. The patient was undergone antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone, vancomycin and rifampin, resulting in normalization of CSF values. Conclusion This case report highlights the importance of recognizing and interpreting unusual imaging presentations of bacterial meningoencephalitis in paediatric patients. It emphasizes the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach, including clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies, to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of this potentially life-threatening condition. Further research and awareness of atypical imaging findings are warranted to enhance our understanding and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kachuei
- Firoozabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (FACRDU), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Ramin Zare
- Firoozabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (FACRDU), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mitra Khalili
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | - Shayan Eghdami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sayyahfar S, Mohkam M, Hooman N, Faress F. General Principles of Vaccination of Pediatric Candidates of Kidney Transplant in Iran. Iran J Kidney Dis 2023; 17:285-293. [PMID: 38043106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric organ transplantation, specifically kidney transplant, has improved considerably in recent decades in Iran. Since infections are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality among transplanted children, pre-transplant vaccination is an effective preventive tool in this regard. In addition, administration of some vaccines is contraindicated in post- transplant period and the efficacy and immunogenicity of authorized vaccines may also be suboptimal in comparison to normal population. Therefore, pre-transplant period offers an outstanding chance to boost the immunization of this population. With regard to this population, it is imperative to establish a localized vaccination guideline, which can be used by nephrologists and other clinicians who are part of the transplant team, in Iran. Currently, such a local guideline for Iranian pediatric kidney transplant candidates is not available. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing vaccines recommended for these cases regarding the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) and available vaccines in Iran. In addition, general principles of vaccination, the use of specific vaccines as well as accelerated vaccination in this population are discussed in this article. This review could be a preliminary guide for preparing a comprehensive guideline for vaccination of this population in Iran. DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7660.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sayyahfar S, Mohammadnezhad Z, Zamani K, Hoseini R, Otukesh H, Rahimzadeh N. Etiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection in the First Year after Pediatric Renal Transplantation: A Preliminary Study. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2023; 37:9. [PMID: 37123344 PMCID: PMC10134087 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.37.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common after pediatric renal transplantation, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria causing UTI is a therapeutic challenge in this regard. The main purpose of this study was to determine the UTI frequency, its etiologic agents, and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern in the first year following renal transplantation in Iranian pediatric recipients. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, all of the 81 children who had undergone renal transplantation in Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital between 2012 and 2017 were enrolled. Confirmed episodes of UTI during the first year following renal transplantation were analyzed. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined for the causative agents of UTI. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 20). and the P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Totally, from 81 enrolled cases, 37(44.7%) cases were in the age group of 11-15 years. Overall, 19, 10, and 3 UTI episodes had occurred in the first month, from the first to sixth month, and between the sixth month and one year after transplantation, respectively. The four most common isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (E. coli; 31.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa; 25%), Enterococci (21.9%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae; 12.5%). The highest rate of resistance was reported to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones among gram-negative bacteria. However, none of the Enterococci isolates were resistant to linezolid and nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: Resistance to antibiotics is increasing among the pathogens causing UTI in pediatric renal transplanted cases. It is suggested to stop the administration of TMP/SMX and third-generation cephalosporins for empiric treatment of UTI in Iranian pediatric renal transplant recipients. Ciprofloxacin might be administered cautiously secondary to the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Khosrow Zamani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rozita Hoseini
- Hazrat-e Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Otukesh
- Hazrat-e Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Rahimzadeh
- Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author:Nahid Rahimzadeh,
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Esteghamati A, Sayyahfar S, Khanaliha K, Tavakoli A, Naghdalipour M, Zarean M, Haghighi Hasanabad M. Prevalence and Clinical Relevance of cagA and oipA Genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in Children and Adults with Gastrointestinal Diseases in Tehran, Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2023; 37:22. [PMID: 37180857 PMCID: PMC10167640 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.37.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori isa universal pathogen that causes gastric diseases and cancers in humans. In recent years, several virulence genes have been detected in this microorganism. Thus, we aimed to investigate the frequency of Helicobacterpylori strainswith cytotoxin-associated gene A(cagA) and outer membrane inflammatory protein A(oipA) genotypes among children and adult patients in Tehran, Iran, and evaluatetheir relation to themanifestations of different clinical symptoms. Methods In this cross-sectional study, biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with gastrointestinal symptomsand evaluated for Helicobacter pylori infectionand its genotypes (cagA/oipA) througha polymerase chain reaction PCR assay. Clinical findings and demographic data of patients were documented and analyzed. Results A total of 80 patients with Helicobacter pylori infectionwere included in the study (34 children and 46 adults). The cagA and oipA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori wereidentified in 22 (64.7%) and 24 (70.5%) children and in 31 (67.3%) and 34 (73.9%) adults, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant between the 2 studied groups. In addition, the frequency of cagA-positive strains of Helicobacterpylori wasfound more among patients with gastric ulcers rather than other clinical outcomes. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate a highfrequency of Helicobacter pylori strains with oipA and cagA genotypes among children and adults in this region. Although we could not find a significant relationship between virulence genes and clinical outcomes in the patients, further studies are suggested to evaluate these factors in patients and assess their potential roles in the presence of antibiotic-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Esteghamati
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Naghdalipour
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zarean
- Department of Parasitology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Haghighi Hasanabad
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Esteghamati A, Nazari-Alam A, Badamchi A, Faramarzi M, Naghdalipour M, Baradaran Moghadam A, Khanaliha K, Tavakoli A, Rahbar M, Fagheei Aghmiyuni Z, Sayyahfar S. Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus Pneumoniae from Patients Diagnosed with Pneumonia: Recommendation for Vaccination Program. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:150. [PMID: 36620470 PMCID: PMC9805806 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) have remained a significant public health concern worldwide. In developed countries, the highest prevalence of S. pneumonia has been reported among the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the coverage of genotypes in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) in the Iranian elderly population. Methods: A total of 41 isolates of S. pneumoniae were collected in the current retrospective cross-sectional study. The samples comprised 33 inpatients hospitalized for pneumococcal pneumonia and 8 outpatients. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to categorize the bacteria isolated into specific genotypes. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software, and the chi-square test was used to assess the statistical significance in percentages. Results: A total of 68 genotypes were identified in this study, in which 39 isolates (57.3%) were associated with invasive infections. The most common genotypes were 6A/B [8 (19.5%)], 1 [7 (17.5%)], 14 [5 (12.2%)], and 19A [4 (9.75%)], respectively. The coverage rates of PCV-7, PCV-10, and PCV-13 vaccines were 51.17%, 70.7%, and 99.9%, respectively. According to our results, the pneumococcal coverage rate of PCV-7, PCV-10, and PCV-13 vaccine types is estimated to be 51.2%, 70.7%, and 99.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the trend of pneumococcal serotypes included in the PCV-13 was steadily increasing during the study period. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the most circulating pneumococcal serotypes were in accordance with specific serotypes included in the PCV-13 vaccine types. Therefore, including PCV-13 vaccines in immunization programs against pneumococcus in the elderly can effectively reduce the rate of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulreza Esteghamati
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nazari-Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Badamchi
- Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Faramarzi
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Naghdalipour
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Baradaran Moghadam
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahbar
- Department of Microbiology, Iranian Reference Health Laboratory Research Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Fagheei Aghmiyuni
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Corresponding author:Shirin Sayyahfar,
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Esteghamati A, Sayyahfar S, Khanaliha K, Tavakoli A, Naghdalipour M, Haghighi Hasanabad M. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and evaluation of its genotypes among pregnant women in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Microbiol 2022; 14:820-824. [PMID: 36721437 PMCID: PMC9867614 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v14i6.11256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen. Infection with C. trachomatis in pregnant women can result in maternal and fetal death, due to pelvic inflammatory disease. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate this infection in pregnant women and identify circulating genotypes of C. trachomatis in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods Endocervical swabs were obtained from 101 pregnant women and tested by PCR assay to detect cryptic plasmid gene. Positive isolates were analyzed for C. trachomatis genotypes through amplification and sequencing of the omp1 gene and alignment with deposited sequences in Gene Bank. Results Infection with C. trachomatis was observed in 11 cases, yielding an overall prevalence of 10.8% in total. The majority of infected women were asymptomatic and the rate of infection was found more in women at the age of ≥30 years. However, no statistical association was found between C. trachomatis infection and risk factors in pregnant women. Analysis of isolated sequences revealed genotypes E (44.4%), D and F (both 22.2%), and K (11.2%) as main genotypes of C. trachomatis in this region. Conclusion Results of this study showed the prevalence of C. trachomatis infections among pregnant women is relatively high. Identifying the precise rate of infection and associated genotypes in other regions is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulreza Esteghamati
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Naghdalipour
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Haghighi Hasanabad
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran,Corresponding author: Morteza Haghighi Hasanabad, Ph.D, Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. Tel: +98-9216073158 Fax: +98-21-66516049
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tavakoli A, Khales P, Keyvani H, Ataei-Pirkooh A, Saghafi MM, Bokharaei-Salim F, Ghorbani S, Monavari SH, Kiani SJ, Esghaei M, Farahmand M, Sayyahfar S, Khanalih K, Habib Z. Amlodipine and Diltiazem Significantly Repress Human Rotavirus Infection in Vitro. RAAIDD 2022:RAAIDD-EPUB-127422. [DOI: 10.2174/2772434418666221107105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Considering the role of calcium in the replication and morphogenesis of rotaviruses, it is hypothesized that decreased cytosolic calcium levels by using calcium channel blockers can subsequently interfere with rotavirus replication.
Objective:
The present study investigated the effects of two calcium ion channel blockers, amlodipine and diltiazem, against human rotavirus infection.
Method:
Cytotoxic effects of the drugs on MA-104 cells were evaluated using the neutral red assay. The effects of amlodipine and diltiazem at non-toxic concentrations on human rotavirus were examined using cytopathic effect inhibition, TCID50, and real-time PCR assays.
Results:
The highest inhibitory effect was obtained at concentrations of 0.5 μg/ml of amlodipine and 3 μg/ml of diltiazem, leading to 4.6 and 5.5 logarithmic reductions in infectious rotavirus titer and four- and a five-fold increase in the Ct values compared to the virus control, respectively (p-value <0.001). Conversely, infectious rotavirus titers were significantly elevated compared to the virus control at concentrations above 0.9 μg/ml of amlodipine and above 25 μg/ml of diltiazem.
Conclusion:
Our study suggests that in addition to cardiovascular diseases, calcium channel blockers at their optimal doses may also be used to treat gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus infection
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad tavakoli
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Khales
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Angila Ataei-Pirkooh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Saghafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Ghorbani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Jalal Kiani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esghaei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanalih
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Habib
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Naghdalipour M, Moradi N, Fadaei R, Rezghi Barez S, Sayyahfar S, Mokhtare M, Fard TK, Fallah S, Esteghamati A. Alteration of miR-21, miR-433 and miR-590 tissue expression related to the TGF-β signaling pathway in ulcerative colitis patients. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1170-1174. [PMID: 32412349 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1762656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease, and studies have suggested a role for TGF-β signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of UC. In the present study, we evaluated expression of TGF-β signalling genes and their regulatory microRNAs in patients with UC and control subjects. The expression of TGF-β1, SMAD2, SMAD3, miR-21, miR-101, miR-433, and miR-590 were evaluated using real-time PCR in biopsy samples of the patients and controls. Results showed increased expression of TGF-β1 and SMAD3 in the patients compared to controls. In addition, miR-21 and miR-433 were found to be higher in the patients compared to controls; however, miR-590 was found to be lower. Moreover, miR-433 was demonstrated to have positive correlation with SMAD3 and TGF-β while miR-21 was positively correlated with TGF-β1. MiR-590 was negatively correlated with SMAD2 and SMAD3. Results of the present study suggested a role for TGF-β signalling pathway related microRNAs in pathogenesis of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Naghdalipour
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shekufe Rezghi Barez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mokhtare
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Toktam Kazemi Fard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Fallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aboulreza Esteghamati
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sayyahfar S, Motamedi M, Rahbar M. First Report of an Association Between Crohn's Disease and Isolated Splenic Tuberculosis in Pediatric Population. Middle East J Dig Dis 2022; 14:349-353. [PMID: 36619274 PMCID: PMC9489430 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2022.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated splenic tuberculosis (TB) in children is extremely rare, and congenital or acquired immunodeficiency is usually a predisposing factor for this disease. Herein, we report a case of isolated splenic TB in a 5.5-year-old child associated with Crohn's disease. As far as we are aware, this association is reported for the first time in children. Clinicians should be aware and consider extra pulmonary TB, especially in endemic regions. In addition, evaluation of an underlying disorder in unusual presentations of TB is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Shirin Sayyahfar, MD Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Vahid Dastgerdi Street, Tehran, Iran, Postal code: 1919816766 Tel: +98 2122255218 Fax:+98 21220063
| | - Mona Motamedi
- Pediatrician, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Rahbar
- Associate Professor, Pathologist, Department of Pathology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Karimian P, Tahami MS, Sayyahfar S, Aghajani Delavar M. Association of vitamin D and severity of COVID-19 in children. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32. [PMID: 35441835 PMCID: PMC9295166 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin has a major role in the functions of the immune system, and the efficacy of this vitamin in reducing inflammation has been identified. Considering the effects of vitamin D, this study research was performed for investigating the relationship between vitamin D and the severity of COVID-19 in children. This cross-sectional study was performed on 101 children infected with the new coronavirus from September 2020 to October 2021. Information on vitamin D levels, demographic factors, and clinical and laboratory findings were documented in information forms and prepared for statistical analyses. The average of children was 2.85 ± 0.85 years. Low oxygen saturation was observed in 35.3% of infected children. The level of involvement was higher in subjects with vitamin D levels higher than 30 and less than 10 ng/ml (p = 0.04). Clinical signs in cases with deficient and sufficient vitamin D levels were more severe in terms of tachypnea and tachycardia (p = 0.01). Children with vitamin D lower than 10 ng/ml showed more frequency (p = 0.02). Cases with moderate vitamin D had fewer gastrointestinal complications (p = 0.03). Also, oxygen levels were lower in children who had low levels of vitamin D (p = 0.02). Vitamin D levels were associated with levels of involvement, tachycardia, tachypnea, clinical signs, gastrointestinal problems, and O2 levels. Moderate vitamin D levels in children are a critical issue that should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Karimian
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, Tehran.
| | - Motahareh Sadat Tahami
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, Tehran.
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran.
| | - Motahare Aghajani Delavar
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, Tehran.
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12
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Sayyahfar S, Zare Mahmoudabadi R, Mahdavynia S, Esteghamati A, Salemi B, Khanaliha K. First Report of Nasal Myiasis Caused by Lucilia sericata in the Pediatric Age Group from Tehran, Iran. IJPA 2022; 17:105-110. [PMID: 36046562 PMCID: PMC9375722 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v17i1.9032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Myiasis is an infestation caused by dipterous larvae. Nosocomial myiasis usually occurs in bedridden patients. Herein, we report a nasal myiasis in a 12-year-old female with cerebral palsy (CP) from Tehran, Iran and provide morphological identification of Lucilia sericata as the causative agent. The infection was identified 10 days after the hospital admission. It can be categorized as a nosocomial infection. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of nasal myiasis in the pediatric age group from Tehran, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Zare Mahmoudabadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Firoozabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Mahdavynia
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Firoozabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdoulreza Esteghamati
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Borna Salemi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence
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13
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Sayyahfar S, Latifian M, Esmaeili P, Baseri N, Bagheri Amiri F, Bakhshi B, Esteghamati A, Esmaeili S. Tropheryma whipplei in the stool samples of children with acute diarrhea: a study from Tehran, Iran. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:193. [PMID: 35220952 PMCID: PMC8883655 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Recently, Tropheryma whipplei has been suggested as one of the causative agents of diarrhea among children worldwide. Limited data is available on the prevalence of T. whipplei among children with diarrhea in most countries such as Iran. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of T. whipplei in children with acute diarrhea in Iran.
Methods
In this study, the stool samples were collected from 130 children under 10 years old with acute diarrhea from children's hospitals in Tehran city. Genomic DNA was extracted from stool samples and was tested for the presence of DNA of T. whipplei using the SYBR Green Real-time PCR method. Positive T. whipplei samples were finally confirmed by PCR Product sequencing.
Results
The mean age of participants was 32.5 months, and 54.6% of children were female. Using the SYBR Green Real-time PCR, 9.23% (12/130) of samples were positive for T. whipplei, which were confirmed by sequencing. 66.67% of positive cases were males. The duration of diarrhea in infected children with T. whipplei (83.3%) was significantly longer (OR: 5.93, 95% CI 1.24–28.22) compared to children with negative results (45.8%). Other demographic factors and clinical signs had not a statistically significant relationship with T. whipplei infection.
Conclusions
In this study, T. whipplei was detected in stool samples of children with acute diarrhea. The results indicated that T. whipplei could be associated with childhood diarrhea in Iran. The health care system and physicians should be aware of the presence of T. whipplei infection in Iran, especially in childhood diarrhea.
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14
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Yassin Z, Ebrahimian M, Motamedi O, Afshar H, Aloosh O, Sayyahfar S, Maleki D, Ghorbi M. Spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in patients with COVID‐19: A case series from Iran. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05355. [PMID: 35169468 PMCID: PMC8832382 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Yassin
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahimian
- Medical Student Faculty of Medicine School of Medicine Hazrat‐ e Rasool General HospitalIran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Omid Motamedi
- Hazrat‐ e Rasool General HospitalIran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hale Afshar
- Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine Hazrat‐ e Rasool General HospitalIran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Oldooz Aloosh
- Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine Hazrat‐ e Rasool General HospitalIran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Donya Maleki
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ghorbi
- Department of Anesthesiology Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
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15
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Sedighi I, Fahimzad A, Pak N, Khalili M, Shokrollahi MR, Heydari H, Movahedi Z, Dashti AS, Cheraghali F, Shamsizadeh A, Mirkarimi M, Alisamir M, Hashemian H, Soltani J, Hosseininasab A, Hamedi A, Rezai MS, Sayyahfar S, Kahbazi M, Abedini A, Akhondzadeh A, Sherkatolabbasieh HR, Razlansari AA, Alibeik M, Malayeri SO, Shalchi Z, Shahabinezhad A, Asl PK, Monfared FN, Maleki S, Kakavand R, Farahmand M, Shahbaz B, Tavakoli A, Rezayat SA, Karimi MR, Erfani Y, Jafarpour A, Soltani S, Zandi M, Ghaziasadi A, Dowran R, Azimi S, Marvi SS, Abazari MF, Norouzi M, Azhar IR, Jazayeri SM. A multicenter retrospective study of clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of 166 hospitalized children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A preliminary report from Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD). Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:498-507. [PMID: 34779156 PMCID: PMC8661970 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to analyze the clinical features and laboratory profiles and risk factors associated with critical illness of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS One hundred and sixty-six coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Iranian pediatric patients were recruited through a collaborative research network between March and May 2020. Demographics, clinical, laboratory, and radiological results were obtained from patient files. RESULTS Of 166 patients, 102 (61%) and 64 (39%) were males and females, respectively. Ninety-six (57.8%) and 70 (42.2%), had moderate and severe conditions, respectively. Thirty (18%) of patients died. The common symptoms were fever (73%), cough (54%), and shortness of breath, headache decrease in neutrophil and platelet counts; increase values in lactate dehydrogenase, decrease in the blood pH and HCO3 were significantly associated with the disease severity. 54% and 56% of patients showed abnormal radiographic appearance in Chest X-ray and in chest computed tomography scan, respectively. Sixty-one (36.7%) of patients were referred to intensive care unit (ICU). The coexistence of comorbidity was the main factor associated with ICU admission, shock, arrhythmia, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury, and death. CONCLUSIONS We describe a higher than previously recognized rate of COVID-19 mortality in Iranian pediatric patients. Epidemiological factors, such as the relatively high case fatality rate in the country and the presence of underlying diseases were the main factors for the high death rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Sedighi
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD)
| | - Alireza Fahimzad
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Pak
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Children Medical Centre of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Khalili
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Radiology, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Shokrollahi
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Pediatric Medicine Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Hosein Heydari
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Pediatric Medicine Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Zahra Movahedi
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Pediatric Medicine Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Anahita S Dashti
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Cheraghali
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shamsizadeh
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mirkarimi
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Alisamir
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Houman Hashemian
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Jafar Soltani
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseininasab
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Infectious and Tropical Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Hamedi
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Infection Control Hand and Hygiene Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad S Rezai
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Kahbazi
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Abedini
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Children, Clinical Research Development Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Akhondzadeh
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Pediatrics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hamid R Sherkatolabbasieh
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Pediatrics, Lorestan University of medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Razlansari
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Pediatrics, Lorestan University of medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mina Alibeik
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Omid Malayeri
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Health Clinical Sciences Research Center, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Shalchi
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD)
| | - Ali Shahabinezhad
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz K Asl
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,International Branch, Golestsn University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh N Monfared
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Maleki
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Kakavand
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Shahbaz
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara A Rezayat
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Health Care Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Karimi
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Erfani
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jafarpour
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center For Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Soltani
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center For Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Zandi
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center For Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Ghaziasadi
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center For Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Dowran
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center For Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Azimi
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Research Center For Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima S Marvi
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center For Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad F Abazari
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Research Center For Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Norouzi
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center For Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman R Azhar
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center For Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed M Jazayeri
- Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD).,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center For Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Fahimzad A, Sedighi I, Pak N, Khalili M, Farahmand M, Shokrollahi MR, Heydari H, Movahedi Z, Sanaei Dashti A, Cheraghali F, Shamsizadeh A, Mirkarimi M, Alisamir M, Hashemian H, Soltani J, Hosseininasab A, Hamedi A, Rezai MS, Sayyahfar S, Kahbazi M, Abedini A, Akhondzadeh A, Sherkatolabbasieh HR, Razlansari AA, Alibeik M, Malayeri SO, Shalchi Z, Shahabinezhad A, Khalkhali Asl P, Erfani Y, Norouzi M, Nafe Monfared F, Maleki S, Kakavand R, Shahbaz B, Poortahmasebi V, Akhavan Rezayat S, Karimi MR, Jafarpour A, Soltani S, Ghaziasadi A, Dowran R, Azimi S, Sadeghipour Marvi S, Abazari F, Zandi M, Jazayeri SM, Tavakoli A. A Comparative Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Laboratory Findings of COVID-19 between Intensive Care Unit and Non-Intensive Care Unit Pediatric Patients: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study from Iranian Network for Research in Viral. FEM 2021. [DOI: 10.18502/fem.v5i4.6692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: To date, little is known about the clinical features of pediatric COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).
Objective: Herein, we aimed to describe the differences in demographic characteristics, laboratory findings, clinical presentations, and outcomes of Iranian pediatric COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU versus those in non-ICU settings.
Methods: This multicenter investigation involved 15 general and pediatrics hospitals and included cases with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection based on positive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) admitted to these centers between March and May 2020, during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.
Results: Overall, 166 patients were included, 61 (36.7%) of whom required ICU admission. The highest number of admitted cases to ICU were in the age group of 1–5 years old. Malignancy and heart diseases were the most frequent underlying conditions. Dyspnea was the major symptom for ICU-admitted patients. There were significant decreases in PH, HCO3 and base excess, as well as increases in creatinine, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and potassium levels between ICU-admitted and non-ICU patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), shock, and acute cardiac injury were the most common features among ICU-admitted patients. The mortality rate in the ICU-admitted patients was substantially higher than non-ICU cases (45.9% vs. 1.9%, respectively; p<0.001).
Conclusions: Underlying diseases were the major risk factors for the increased ICU admissions and mortality rates in pediatric COVID-19 patients. There were few paraclinical parameters that could differentiate between pediatrics in terms of prognosis and serious outcomes of COVID-19. Healthcare providers should consider children as a high-risk group, especially those with underlying medical conditions.
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17
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Sayyahfar S, Sadeghian M, Amrolalaei M. The effect of calcium on the duration of acute gastroenteritis in children: A randomized clinical trial. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:83. [PMID: 34291007 PMCID: PMC8285556 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Currently, the role of calcium in reducing the duration and severity of diarrhea and its consequences has been considered as a topic of concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral calcium on the duration of acute gastroenteritis in children.
Methods: This single-blind randomized clinical trial was performed from 2014 to 2016 at Ali Asghar Children’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Totally, 124 patients (one month to twelve years old) with acute gastroenteritis were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided equally into intervention and placebo groups and received the calcium gluconate 10%, 0.5cc/kg/day and distinct water, respectively. Data analysis was performed using the statistical software SPSS version 20.0 for windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean age of the intervention and placebo groups was 26.43±3.74 and 20.84±2.70 months, respectively, and the difference was not significant (p=0.228). The duration of diarrhea in the intervention and placebo groups was 5.27±2.01 and 6.71 ± 2.44 days respectively (p=0.001). In the placebo group, the plasma calcium level was less than 8mg/dl in 1 (1.6%), 8 - 10 mg/dl in 55 (88.7%) and more than 10mg/dl in 6 cases (9. 7%). In the intervention group, there were 7 (11.3%), 55 (88.7%) and 0 (0%) cases in three groups, respectively (p=0.005).
Conclusion: The oral calcium gluconate might shorten the duration of acute gastroenteritis. Therefore, it could be considered as an adjunctive therapy. Whether the formulation of the oral rehydration solution (ORS) will be updated in the future with adding the calcium salts remains to be defined and needs more investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Sadeghian
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hazrat-e Ali Asghar Pediatrics Hospital, Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Amrolalaei
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Esteghamati A, Sayyahfar S, Alimohamadi Y, Salahi S, Faramarzi M. Is it time to administer acellular pertussis vaccine to childbearing age/pregnant women in all areas using whole-cell pertussis vaccination schedule? Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2021; 9:25151355211015842. [PMID: 34104864 PMCID: PMC8161843 DOI: 10.1177/25151355211015842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine administration is still advocated for children under 7 years of age in Iran. However, there is no recommendation for the administration of a dose of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine to childbearing age/pregnant women in the Iranian vaccination program and it has increased the risk of infection through waning immunity during women’s childbearing age life. The study aimed to assess the levels of anti-Bordetella pertussis antibodies in childbearing age women of different ages in Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total number of 360 childbearing age women divided into six age groups, with 5-year intervals from 15 to 45 years old, in 2018–2019. Then, the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against B. pertussis were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 16.0) (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.01 ± 8.35 years (range 14–45 years). All the cases were IgM negative, but two IgA-positive individuals (in the age groups of 14–19 and 30–34 years) were reported. Overall, 239 (66.4%) cases were IgG positive. The mean age of IgG-positive cases was 30.37 ± 8.37 years. The IgG-positive cases were mostly in the age groups of 30–34 and 35–39 years [43 (71.1%)]. The odds of IgG positivity were 1.97. The highest odds of IgG positivity were seen in 30–34 and 35–39 years groups (2.52) and the lowest odds were seen in the 20–24 and 25–29 years groups (1.60). Using the Jonckheere–Terpstra test, the increasing trend of IgG changes in different age groups was not statistically significant (Tπ=5.78, p = 0.09). Conclusion: The infants of women of childbearing age might be prone to pertussis in countries using the wP vaccination schedule. It is suggested to administer a dose of Tdap to women before or during pregnancy to increase the immunity of their infants against this disease during early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulreza Esteghamati
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Vahid Dastgerdi Street, Shariati Street, Tehran 1919816766, Iran
| | - Yousef Alimohamadi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarvenaz Salahi
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Faramarzi
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lotfali E, Fattahi A, Sayyahfar S, Ghasemi R, Rabiei MM, Fathi M, Vakili K, Deravi N, Soheili A, Toreyhi H, Shirvani F. A Review on Molecular Mechanisms of Antifungal Resistance in Candida glabrata: Update and Recent Advances. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1371-1388. [PMID: 33956513 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata is the second frequent etiologic agent of mucosal and invasive candidiasis. Based on the recent developments in molecular methods, C. glabrata has been introduced as a complex composed of C. glabrata, Candida nivariensis, and Candida bracarensis. The four main classes of antifungal drugs effective against C. glabrata are pyrimidine analogs (flucytosine), azoles, echinocandins, and polyenes. Although the use of antifungal drugs is related to the predictable development of drug resistance, it is not clear why C. glabrata is able to rapidly resist against multiple antifungals in clinics. The enhanced incidence and antifungal resistance of C. glabrata and the high mortality and morbidity need more investigation regarding the resistance mechanisms and virulence associated with C. glabrata; additional progress concerning the drug resistance of C. glabrata has to be further prevented. The present review highlights the mechanism of resistance to antifungal drugs in C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Lotfali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Fattahi
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Rabiei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Soheili
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Toreyhi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Shirvani
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Farahmand M, Moghoofei M, Dorost A, Shoja Z, Ghorbani S, Kiani SJ, Khales P, Esteghamati A, Sayyahfar S, Jafarzadeh M, Minaeian S, Khanaliha K, Naghdalipour M, Tavakoli A. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of norovirus infection in children with gastroenteritis: A meta-analysis on 6 years of research from 2015 to 2020. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2237. [PMID: 33793023 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the post rotavirus vaccine era, norovirus (NoV) plays an increasingly important role in epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis among children. This study was designed to provide an updated meta-analytic review of the prevalence of NoV among paediatric patients with gastroenteritis and to clarify the relationship between NoV infection and gastroenteritis. Systematic searches of the literature for potentially relevant studies were carried out from 1 January 2015 to 29 May 2020. The inverse variance method was chosen for weighting of the studies, and the random-effects model was used to analyse data. To determine the association between NoV infection and gastroenteritis in children, pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed for case-control studies. The pooled prevalence of NoV infection among 12,0531 children with gastroenteritis from 45 countries across the world was 17.7% (95% CI: 16.3%-19.2%). There were 28 studies with a case-control design, and the pooled prevalence of NoV infection among 11,954 control subjects was 6.7% (95% CI: 5.1%-8.8%). The pooled OR of the association of NoV infection and gastroenteritis was 2.7 (95% CI: 2.2-3.4). The most common NoV genotypes were GII.4 (59.3%) and GII.3 (14.9%). The highest frequency of NoV was found in the age group below 1 year. Our findings indicated a substantial burden of gastroenteritis caused by NoV globally, with GII.4 and GII.3 the major genotypes responsible for the majority of NoV-associated gastroenteritis cases among children. Younger age and male sex can be considered risk factors for NoV-associated gastroenteritis among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Dorost
- Department of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saied Ghorbani
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Kiani
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Khales
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdoulreza Esteghamati
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Jafarzadeh
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research and Training Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Minaeian
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Naghdalipour
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Fattahi A, Sayyahfar S, Lotfali E, Ghasemi R, Mortezaeian H. Aspergillus flavus endocarditis and meningitis in a child with marfan syndrome. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 6:70-74. [PMID: 34195464 PMCID: PMC8226046 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.6.4.5441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Aspergillus species are implicated as the etiology of approximately 26% of endocarditis cases. Central nervous system aspergillosis
is a life-threatening condition that has a mortality rate of 80%. Case report: Herein, we report a four– year- old female who was admitted to the pediatric infectious ward due to a fever of unknown origin
in January 2020. She was a known case of Marfan syndrome with a family history of this syndrome in her mother.
The species was identified using (PCR) and the antifungal susceptibility test was performed using four antifungal agents based on
the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38 3rd edition. Fluconazole-resistant Aspergillus flavus was identified to be
responsible for endocarditis and meningitis as well as fever of unknown origin. Conclusion: The clinicians should be aware and consider fungal endocarditis in blood culture-negative endocarditis even in patients with
no significant risk factor when antibiotic therapy fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Fattahi
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Lotfali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Mortezaeian
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Esteghamati A, Sayyahfar S, Ghaemi H, Joulani M, Moradi Y, Talebi A. A comparison of post vaccination hepatitis B surface antibody level on the large and appropriate for gestational age infants. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2021; 10:47-51. [PMID: 33628754 PMCID: PMC7892941 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the hepatitis B surface antibody (HBs Ab) titer 1 month after the 4th dose of hepatitis B vaccine administration on the large and appropriate for gestational age infants. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 7-month-old cases (n=132) divided into two groups of 2-4 kg (group 1: appropriate for gestational age, 63 cases) and >4 kg (group 2: large for gestational age, 69 cases), whom were vaccinated with a four-dose schedule of hepatitis B vaccine in 2016, Tehran, Iran. Results Mean birth weight of the groups was 2.98±0.528 and 4.19±0.190 kg, respectively. Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antibody were negative in all cases. HBs Ab level in group 1 and 2 was 13,701.00±11,744.439 and 8,997.15±2,827.191, respectively (95% confidence interval of difference, -7,607.44 to -1,800.25). There was a significant difference between the two groups in antibody titration and antibody logarithm level (p=0.002, p=0.0001). Conclusion Birth weight may affect the response to the hepatitis B virus vaccine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulreza Esteghamati
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadamin Joulani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Atefeh Talebi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Farahmand M, Ahmadi-Vasmehjani A, Esteghamati A, Sayyahfar S, Minaeian S, Khanaliha K, Naghdalipour M, Tavakoli A. A meta-analysis on association between viral infections and Kawasaki disease in children. Future Virol 2021. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the association between different viral infections and the development of Kawasaki disease (KD) in children. Materials & methods: Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published from inception to May 2020. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) of the association of different viral pathogens with KD were estimated using a random-effects model weighted by the inverse variance method. Results: The strongest associations were found between KD and human parvovirus B19 viremia (OR = 41.05; 95% CI: 5.13–328.28; I-square = 0%), EBV IgM seropositivity (OR = 7.18; 95% CI: 3.65–14.12, I-square = 0%) and human herpesvirus-6 IgG seropositivity (OR = 5.83; 95% CI: 1.06–32.01). Conclusion: Human parvovirus B19, EBV and human herpesvirus-6 are highly suspected to be key contributors to the development of KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Abbas Ahmadi-Vasmehjani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Abdoulreza Esteghamati
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Sara Minaeian
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Mehri Naghdalipour
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
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Bahrami A, Sayyahfar S, Soltani Z, Khodadost M, Moazzami B, Rezaei N. Evaluation of the frequency and diagnostic delay of primary immunodeficiency disorders among suspected patients based on the 10 warning sign criteria: A cross-sectional study in Iran. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:711-719. [PMID: 32404246 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of undiagnosed primary immunodeficiency diseases is remarkably high and contributes to increasing the rate of morbidity and mortality among this group of patients. OBJECTIVE To examine the 10 warning sign scoring system in patients suspected of primary immune deficiency and also estimate the diagnostic delay in patients with proven disease. METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out during the years 2015-2016 in Ali Asghar (AS) Clinic and Hospital. Two hundred patients with suspected primary immune deficiency disease were eligible for inclusion in the study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relation between findings. RESULTS In this study, the majority of suspected cases of immunodeficiency were males (57%) with a mean age of 3.33±2.89 years. Twenty-one (10.5%) patients were diagnosed with immunodeficiency disease. The mean diagnostic delay among primary immune deficient patients was 2.05±1.7 years. There was a significant relationship between having parental consanguinity (OR=2.68, 95% CI: 1.07-6.70), allergies (OR=5.03, 95% CI: 1.13-22.31), vaccine adverse effects (OR=9.31, 95% CI: 1.24-69.96) and primary immune deficiency diagnosis. No association was observed between age (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.84-1.14), gender (OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.39-2.47), immune deficiency scoring (OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.31-1.45) and primary immune deficiency diagnosis. CONCLUSION Ten warning sign scoring system is of less value to consider a patient suspected of having primary immune deficiency. There is a meaningful delay in diagnosis of primary immune deficiencies especially in antibody deficiency defects which seeks further upgrading of knowledge in physicians.
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Esteghamati A, Joulani M, Sayyahfar S, Salahi S, Babaie M, Reza Shamshiri A, Fahimzad A. Incidence of intussusception in children less than five years of age: a pre-rotavirus vaccine survey from Iran, 2010-2015. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020. [DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.34.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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26
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Sayyahfar S, Choobdar FA, Mashayekhi M, Jazi FM. Successful Management of Pan-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Meningitis without Intrathecal or Intraventricular Antibiotic Therapy in a Neonate. Infect Chemother 2020; 53:146-150. [PMID: 32869561 PMCID: PMC8032910 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important etiologies of nosocomial infections in recent years mainly because of increasing in frequency of multidrug and pan-resistant pathogens. Meningitis caused by this organism is a dilemma; because polymyxins are the only effective antibiotics against pan-resistant serotypes, but have poor penetration via blood brain barrier; however, it has still remained uncertain whether the intravenous therapy with these agents is an effective treatment with the sufficient concentration of the drug in the cerebrospinal fluid. Herein, we report a neonate who suffered from pan-resistant A. baumannii nosocomial meningitis successfully treated with intravenous colistin combined with meropenem and rifampin. It seems that intravenous colistin at least in combination with rifampin and meropenem might be considered as an option to try in patients in whom daily intrathecal injection or insertion of intraventricular device is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Faramarz Masjedian Jazi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sobouti B, Otukesh H, Seirafianpour F, Nakhaie S, Rahimzadeh N, Sayyahfar S, Hoseini R. Post-Kidney Transplantation Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Children: Case Series Study. J Pediatr Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.32598/jpr.8.3.856.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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28
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Orang E, Sayyahfar S, Mahdavi M, Khanaliha K, Amiri M. Comparison of serologic status of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pre- and post-heart transplantation in a pediatric population: A preliminary study. Transpl Infect Dis 2020; 22:e13339. [PMID: 32445414 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is an important opportunistic infection in immunocompromised children, especially in heart transplant recipients. This study aimed to investigate pre- and post-transplant serology for toxoplasmosis along with post-transplant PCR in pediatric heart transplant patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 38 heart transplant recipients aged 1-17 years, by the end of 2018. Pre- and post-transplant IgM and IgG titrations were measured using ELISA method. Nested PCR of B1 gene was performed to identify Toxoplasma gondii (T gondii) infection after transplant. RESULTS Totally, 11.4% of patients had positive IgG and 91.4% had negative IgM for toxoplasmosis before heart transplantation. The mean of pre-transplant IgG titration for seropositive and seronegative patients was 22.32 ± 15.30 IU/mL and 1.49 ± 1.15 IU/mL, respectively (P < .001). All cases were on chemoprophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). The mean of post-transplant IgG titration was 1.62 ± 1.87 IU/mL, which was negative for all cases. Investigating pre-transplant, IgM titration, 5.7% were positive, 91.4% were negative, and 2.9% were borderline. All cases were post-transplant IgM negative. The mean of post-transplant IgG titrations was significantly higher in the first 6 months (3.26 ± 2.68 IU/mL) compared to 6-12 (1.30 ± 1.34 IU/mL; P = .039) and > 12 months (1.07 ± 1.27 IU/mL; P = .004) time periods. The result of PCR for B1 gene in all cases was negative. CONCLUSIONS Chemoprophylaxis with TMP/SMX seems to be effective in prevention of T gondii infection or reactivation among pediatric heart transplantation population. Anti-T. gondii-IgG level alone may not be sensitive enough for evaluation of the infection at least after 6 months post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Orang
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Amiri
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alizadeh Chamkhaleh M, Esteghamati A, Sayyahfar S, Gandomi-Mohammadabadi A, Balasi J, Abdiaei H, Moradi Y, Moradi-Lakeh M. Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae among healthy carriers and clinical patients: a systematic review from Iran. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:2257-2267. [PMID: 32601893 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with high morbidity and mortality in the world. Commercially licensed and available pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) contain 10 (PCV10) and 13 (PCV13) pneumococcal serotypes. The most common serotypes of S. pneumoniae causing clinical diseases and carriers of S. pneumoniae in Iran are not yet known. Reviewing and reporting trends in the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes in Iran will be useful for policy-making as PCV is being introduced into Iran's routine immunization program. Here, we report a systematic literature review of studies regarding S. pneumoniae serotype distribution in clinical and carrier patients in Iran. MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Ovid, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the Iranian Database were used to identify relevant papers published from 1 January 2000 to 21 August 2019. The search returned 8 relevant articles. Among serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD), serotype 23F (16.4%) was the most circulating serotype followed by 19F (15.2%), 19A (11.3%), 6A/B (9.2%), 9 V (5.8%), and 11A (5.14%). In carrier patients, the most common serotypes were, in rank order, 6A/B (10%), 19F (9%), 14(6.2%), 17F (4.8%), and 20(4.5%). Vaccine coverage among IPD patients would be 67.1% for PCV10-TT and 73.8% for PCV13. The present review demonstrates that the serotypes which were most responsible for disease in Iran are included in PCV10-TT and PCV13. However, sentinel surveillance must be continued in representative parts of the country to assess changing trends in the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes and their implications for vaccine selection and rollout in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdoulreza Esteghamati
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Javad Balasi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Abdiaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Department of Community Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Navaei M, Vafa S, Hezaveh ZS, Amirinejad A, Mohammadi S, Sayyahfar S, Zarrati M. Urolithiasis, growth and blood pressure in childhood: A case-control study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 38:74-79. [PMID: 32690181 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Kidney stone is a life-threatening disease with subsequent complications, especially in children who overtake this disease in early ages. This study assessed the effect of kidney stone history on current blood pressure and growth parameters of children. METHODS A two hundred children with (n = 100) and without (n = 100) a history of urolithiasis from Pediatric Urology clinics at the Aliasghar hospital, Tehran, Iran, participated in this case-control study. Several demographic data, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), BMI for age and blood pressure index were measured as the primary outcomes. RESULTS type of birth and infancy feeding, carbohydrate and energy intake were significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.008, 0.002, 0.03 and < 0.001 respectively). Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that the current weight (P = 0.001) and BMI for age (P = 0.02) of the stone formers were lower than the non-stone formers, while no significant association found between the blood pressure or current height and the history of urolithiasis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that childhood urolithiasis has no significant effect on growth failure and blood pressure in childhood but it has a little impact on weight and BMI for age in older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehraban Navaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Vafa
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sajadi Hezaveh
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Amirinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- MS of Biostatistics Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Zarrati
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Esteghamati A, Joulani M, Sayyahfar S, Salahi S, Babaie M, Shamshiri AR, Fahimzad A. Incidence of intussusception in children less than five years of age: a pre-rotavirus vaccine survey from Iran, 2010-2015. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:40. [PMID: 32617279 PMCID: PMC7320972 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the baseline statistics of intussusception in the under-five- year age group in Iran to facilitate the monitoring of potential side effects after administration of rotavirus vaccine. Methods: This hospital-based historical cohort study reviewed children under 60 months of age with the final diagnosis of intussusception, ICD-10 code K56.1, using census in all hospitals of Tehran, Iran from March 2010-2015. Demographic (sex, age, hospital stay duration), clinical manifestations (such as currant jelly stool, abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever),diagnostic and treatment methods (contrast enema, ultrasonography, laparotomy, and laparoscopy), and outcome data of patients aged less than 5 years with the diagnosis of intussusception were collected and analyzed using SPSS Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) Results: In this study, 759 patients were diagnosed with intussusception; 309 (40.7%) cases were less than 12 months old. The annual incidence of intussusception was 66.54 cases per 100.000 in children less than one-year-old and 31.61 cases per 100.000 in children less than five years old. The most common symptoms and signs were abdominal pain/irritability (94.2%) and tenderness (24.2%), respectively. The diagnostic method was ultrasound in 75.9% of cases. The most frequent anatomic location was the ileocolic region (87.87%) and the most common treatment method was barium enema. Conclusion: This research has provided a baseline statistic for childhood intussusception in Tehran prior to the administration of the rotavirus vaccine to provide a better comparison with post-introduction data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulreza Esteghamati
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadamin Joulani
- Student Research Committee (SRC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarvenaz Salahi
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahla Babaie
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Shamshiri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Fahimzad
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sayyahfar S, Mahdavi M, Seyedi Arani S, Fotovati Z. Comparison of tuberculin skin test and interferon gamma release assay in pediatric candidates of heart transplantation and a 2-year follow-up. Transpl Infect Dis 2020; 22:e13268. [PMID: 32072713 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) are used to find the latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) cases in the candidates of heart transplantation. Therefore, this study aimed to compare TST and IGRA to diagnose LTBI in pediatric heart transplant candidates. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 50 children, who were candidates for heart transplantation, of whom 42 cases underwent heart transplantation in Shahid Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research center, Tehran, Iran, from 2016 to 2017. RESULTS Participants of the study included 24 male patients (%48) (p-value = 0.67). The mean age of the patients was 8.18 ± 4.27 years (1-16 years). According to the results, IGRA was negative in all patients, and no indeterminate result was reported, while the purified derivative test (PPD) was positive in three (6%) cases. In comparison with QFT, an accuracy of 94% was achieved for TST to diagnose Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. CONCLUSIONS It seems that TST can still be used as an accurate test for screening LTBI in pediatric candidates for heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Fotovati
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bokharaei-Salim F, Esteghamati A, Khanaliha K, Kalantari S, Sayyahfar S, Donyavi T, Garshasbi S, Asgari Q, Salemi B. Evaluation of a PCR assay for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell among HIV/AIDS patients. J Parasit Dis 2019; 44:159-165. [PMID: 32174720 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-019-01176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral toxoplasmosis is one of the neurological infections with high morbidity and mortality in patients with AIDS, so the accurate method for diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis seems necessary. In this study, nested PCR assay using B1 gene was evaluated in diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) among HIV/AIDS patients. One hundred eight blood samples from HIV/AIDS patients, including four patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis and 104 HIV/AIDS patients without cerebral toxoplasmosis were evaluated for the Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using Enzyme Linked immunosorbent Assay. DNA of serum and PBMC of these patients were extracted and nested-PCR was carried out. Of 108 participants, 95 cases (88%) were positive for Toxoplasma IgG antibodies and one patient was found positive for Toxoplasma IgM antibody. In general, four patients, including three patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis, who were positive for Toxoplasma IgG antibodies and one patient without cerebral toxoplasmosis who was positive for Toxoplasma IgM antibody were found to be PCR positive. DNA of T. gondii was detected in both serum and PBMC in two cerebral toxoplasmosis patients; however DNA was detected in only PBMC in other cerebral toxoplasmosis patient. All cases with cerebral toxoplasmosis were also diagnosed by clinical and radiological manifestations. The results of this study showed that the numbers of positive samples by PCR in PBMC were higher than serum specimens for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. If molecular method and immunological assay are complemented with magnetic resonance imaging, the results can be useful for diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- 1Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdoulreza Esteghamati
- 2Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- 2Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Kalantari
- 3Department of Infectious Diseases, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- 2Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Qasem Asgari
- 5Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Borna Salemi
- 6Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Esteghamati A, Khanaliha K, Bokharaei-Salim F, Sayyahfar S, Ghaderipour M. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Cancer, Organ Transplant and Primary Immunodeficiency Patients in Tehran, Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:495-501. [PMID: 30803212 PMCID: PMC6897035 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.2.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intestinal parasitic infection in immunodeficient patients especially those with impaired cellular immunity, like neoplasia, renal or heart transplant needs careful consideration. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in different group of patients including cancer patients; organ transplants recipients, and primary immunodeficiency patients. Methods: Stool samples from 190 patients including 80 patients with Primary Immunodeficiency, 85 cancer patients and 25 organ transplant recipients were collected; a direct examination with Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and formalin ether concentration was performed. The DNA was extracted from parasitologically confirmed patients and nested PCR and sequencing was performed and new obtained sequences of Cryptosporidium parvum and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were compared with deposited ones. Results: In general, the prevalence of parasites was 26/80 (32.5%) in primary immunodeficiency, 22/85(25.9%) in cancer group, and 7/25 (28%) in organ transplant. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in primary immunodeficiency patients were Blastocystis hominis 13 (16.2%), Giardia lamblia 10 (12.5%), Cryptosporidium 1(1.2%), Chilomastix mesnilii 1 (1.2%), Dientamoeba fragilis 1(1.2%). Of 25 organ transplants, 6 (24%) Cryptosporidium sp were found, all of which were confirmed as Cryptosporidium parvum and one case of Microspora in a heart transplant recipient was confirmed as Enterocytozoon bieneusi by PCR sequencing. The predominant intestinal parasitic infection in cancer patients was 19 (22.3%) Blastocystis hominis followed by two (2.3%) Giardia lamblia and one Dientamoeba fragilis 1 (1.1%). Conclusion: The high rate of infection with Blastocystis hominis was found in cancer patients especially colorectal cancer patients, so careful consideration should be given by physicians. Cryptosporidium sp was found to be the major cause of parasitic intestinal infection in patients with organ transplant compared to primary immunodeficiency patients; so transplant recipients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy should be considered as a risk group for acquiring microsporidiosis and Cryptosporidium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulreza Esteghamati
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sayyahfar S, Karbalaee M, Sarejloo N, Karoobi M. First report of urethroscrotal fistula in patients under 5 years of age presenting as recurrent scrotal swelling. Turk J Urol 2018; 45:398-400. [PMID: 31509515 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2018.98364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Urethroscrotal fistula is a very rare pathology and is divided into congenital and acquired types. Herein we report a 4.5-year-old child with recurrent scrotal swelling and final diagnosis of urethroscrotal fistula. Clinicians should be aware and consider this disease in the differential diagnosis of any scrotal swelling, especially recurrent type. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of urethroscrotal fistula in patients under 5 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karbalaee
- Department of Pediatric surgery, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Sadrossadati SZ, Ghahri M, Imani Fooladi AA, Sayyahfar S, Beyraghi S, Baseri Z. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Candida species isolated from candideamia in Iran. Curr Med Mycol 2018; 4:14-20. [PMID: 30324152 PMCID: PMC6181062 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.4.2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Candidemia is one of the most important fungal infections caused by Candida species. Infections and mortality caused by Candida species have been on a growing trend during the past two decades. The resistance of yeasts to antifungal drugs and their epidemiological issues have highlighted the importance of accurately distinguishing the yeasts at the species level. The technique applied for yeast identification should be fast enough to facilitate the imminent initiation of the appropriate therapy. Candidemia has not been studied comprehensively in Iran yet. Regarding this, the current study aimed to assess the epidemiology of candidemia at Tehran hospitals and compare the results with the previous findings. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 204 positive blood cultures obtained from 125 patients hospitalized in several hospitals located in Tehran, Iran, within a period of 13 months. The yeast isolation and species identification were accomplished using several phenotypic methods (i.e., production of germ tube in human serum, culture on CHROMagar Candida, and Corn meal agar containing Tween 80) and molecular methods, such as polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In addition, unknown cases were subjected to PCR sequencing. These methods were then compared in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and speed of identification. Results: According to the results, C. albicans (62.4%) was the most common isolate, followed by C. parapsilosis (n=36, 17.5%), C. glabrata (n=18, 8.8%), C. tropicalis (n=13, 6.3%), Trichosporon asahii (n=3, 1.5%), C. kefyr (n=2, 1.0%), C. lusitaniae (n=2, 1.0%), C. intermedia (n=1, 0.5%), C. guilliermondii (n=1, 0.5%), and C. krusei (n=1, 0.5%), respectively. Conclusion: As the findings indicated, the most common species causing candidemia were C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata, respectively. Children less than one year old and people with cancer were at higher risk for candidemia, compared to other groups. Moreover, phenotypic and molecular methods resulted in the identification of 65.2% and 96.6% of the isolates, respectively. Consequently, PCR-RFLP could be concluded as a more favorable technique for species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Ghahri
- Department of Biology, School of Applied Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center,Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University Medical of Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Beyraghi
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohre Baseri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bayazian G, Sayyahfar S, Safdarian M, Kalantari F. Is there any association between adenoid biofilm and upper airway infections in pediatric patients? Turk Arch Pediatr 2018; 53:71-77. [PMID: 30116127 DOI: 10.5152/turkpediatriars.2018.6151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the association of the presence and extent of adenoid biofilms and the frequency of upper airway infections in children with upper airway obstruction. Material and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2014 to December 2015 on pediatric patients who were candidates for adenoidectomy due to obstructive sleep apnea. After removal of the adenoid tissue and fixation in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, the samples were sent to the electron microscopy unit. The extent of biofilm formation was examined using environmental scanning electron microscopy. These results were then confirmed using image analysis software. Results Fifty-seven children with a mean age of 7.31 (±2.65) years were included in the study. Forty-three (75.4%) were male and 14 (24.6%) were female. The average number of upper airway infections during the last 12 months before adenoidectomy was 10.01 (±5.38). Biofilm structures were detected in all (100%) samples. As the main outcome, the extent of biofilm grading exhibited a statistically significant correlation with the frequency of upper airway infections (p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between sex and adenoid size with the biofilm extent. Conclusion The present study showed that the extent of adenoid biofilm had a significant relationship with the frequency of upper airway infection rate. It seems that the presence of a biofilm on the adenoid surface as a reservoir for microorganisms could cause chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Bayazian
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Head and Neck Research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Head and Neck Research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Safdarian
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Head and Neck Research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farbood Kalantari
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Head and Neck Research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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Sayyahfar S, Davoodzadeh F, Hoseini R, Rahimzadeh N, Otukesh H. Comparison of tuberculin skin test and interferon gamma release assay for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in pediatric candidates of renal transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2018; 22. [PMID: 29388291 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
IGRA has been approved as an alternative in vitro test to diagnose Mycobacterium TB infection. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of TST in comparison with QFT assay to detect LTBI among Iranian children candidate for renal transplantation. This cross-sectional study was performed on 31 children who were candidate for renal transplantation admitted to Ali Asghar Children's Hospital and Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2013 to 2014. TST and QFT were performed for all patients. QFT was negative in all patients, while TST was positive only in one case. Both tests results were negative in 30 patients, yielding an accuracy rate of 96.7% for TST to diagnose LTBI when compared to QFT. In conclusion, compared to QFT, TST is still a valuable diagnostic tool with high accuracy rate for diagnosis of LTBI in children candidates for renal transplantation and can still be used as an accurate test for screening Mycobacterium TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rozita Hoseini
- Department of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Rahimzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Otukesh
- Department of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sayyahfar S, Lavasani A, Nateghian A, Karimi A. Evaluation of Lipid Profile Changes in Pediatric Patients with Acute Mononucleosis. Infect Chemother 2017; 49:44-50. [PMID: 28332346 PMCID: PMC5382049 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2017.49.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection could lead to atherogenic lipid profile changes in adults; while there is no evidence about the children with Infectious mononucleosis (IM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid profile of the children in acute phase of mononucleosis and two months after the recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2010 through 2012, 36 children with IM aged 1-10 years were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study. Fasting serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride level were measured during acute phase of the disease and after 2 months of the recovery. RESULTS From 36 patients enrolled, 25 (69.4%) cases were male and the mean age of the patients was 4.1 ± 2.0 years. The mean of the total cholesterol level in the acute phase and 2 months after the recovery were149.5 ± 35.3 mg/dL and 145.7±30.6, respectively (P = 0.38). However, the serum level of HDL cholesterol in patients after 2 months of recovery was significantly increased (37.9 ± 9.3 mg/dL vs. 28.5 ± 10.6 mg/dL, P < 0.001). The mean value of serum LDL cholesterol was significantly reduced, two months after recovery (81.4 ± 19.5 mg/dL, vs. 92.6 ± 28.8 mg/dL, P = 0.009). Furthermore, the serum triglyceride level was significantly reduced after the recovery (108.7 ± 36.9 mg/dL) compared with the acute phase (163.8 ± 114.3 mg/dL) (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION EBV infection in children could change lipid profile which is partially restored 2 months after the recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Alireza Nateghian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fahimzad A, Eydian Z, Karimi A, Shiva F, Sayyahfar S, Kahbazi M, Rahbarimanesh A, Sedighi I, Arjmand R, Soleimani G, Sanaei Dashti A, Abdinia B, Mostafavi N, Nikfar R, Abedini M, Rezaei MS, Mohammadpour A, Hashemian H, Hidari H, Ghadiri K, Entezari Heravi R. Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption Point Prevalence Survey 2014: Antimicrobial Prescribing in Pediatrics Wards of 16 Iranian Hospitals. Arch Iran Med 2016; 19:204-9. [PMID: 26923893 DOI: 0161903/aim.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in pediatrics. Due to lack of uniformity in pediatric antimicrobial prescribing and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, appropriate drug utilization studies have been found to be crucial to evaluate whether these drugs are properly used. METHODS Data were collected between January 2014 and February 2014 in 16 Iranian pediatric hospitals using a standardized method. The point prevalence survey included all inpatient beds. RESULTS Of 858 children, 571 (66.6%) received one or more antimicrobials. The indications were therapeutic in 60.6%. The parenteral route was used in 92.5% of therapeutic indications. Ceftriaxone was the most prescribed antimicrobials for therapeutic indications (32.4%) and combination-therapy was the most type of therapy in pediatric intelligent care unit (PICU). CONCLUSION According to results of this study, antibiotics' prescribing in pediatrics wards of Iranian hospitals is empirical. Therefore, for quality improvement of antimicrobial use in children continuous audit process and antibiotic prescriptions require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Fahimzad
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Eydian
- Department of Pediatrics, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiva
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Aliasghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Kahbazi
- Tuberculosis and Pediatrics Infectious Disease Research Center, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Rahbarimanesh
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Sedighi
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Arjmand
- Department of Pediatrics, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Soleimani
- Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Anahita Sanaei Dashti
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Babak Abdinia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Mostafavi
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Nikfar
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Abuzar Children Medical Center Hospital, Ahvaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masomeh Abedini
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sanandaj University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Rezaei
- Antimicrobial Resistant Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadpour
- Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Houman Hashemian
- Department of Pediatrics, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Hidari
- Pediatric Medicine Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Keyghobad Ghadiri
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Tavasoli A, Sayyahfar S, Behnam B. A rare case of Sjogren-Larsson syndrome with recurrent pneumonia and asthma. Korean J Pediatr 2016; 59:276-9. [PMID: 27462357 PMCID: PMC4958706 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2016.59.6.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disorder with worldwide incidence of 0.4 per 100,000 people. It is characterized by the triad of congenital ichthyosis, spastic diplegia or quadriplegia, and mental retardation. Herein we report a 2-year-old male child with SLS, asthma, and recurrent pneumonia. SLS was confirmed by a molecular genetics study that revealed a deletion mutation in the ALDH3A2 gene. An ALDH3A2 gene mutation results in dysfunction of the microsomal enzyme fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase and impaired metabolism and accumulation of leukotriene B4, which is a key molecule and a pro-inflammatory mediator in developing allergic diseases, especially asthma. An increased level of leukotriene B4 has been reported in SLS patients. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of SLS associated with asthma and recurrent pneumonia. In conclusion, pediatricians should be aware of and evaluate patients with SLS for possible associated asthma and allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Tavasoli
- Department of Pediatrics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Behnam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sayyahfar S, Jahangiri F, Zarei E. Appendicitis in an Infant with Atypical Features. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2016; 26:S74-S75. [PMID: 27376232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute appendicitis is an uncommon and challenging disease in infancy. Usually, the clinical presentation in neonates and infants is non-specific and varies depending on the age of the child and duration of the disease. Diagnosis of incomplete and atypical Kawasaki disease (KD) in infants is also a challenging aspect and there is no gold standard for this diagnosis and sometimes fever is the only symptom that could be found. Herein, we report a 6-month infant with a 7 days of fever and bilateral pleural effusion, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thrombocytosis, hypo-albominemia, normal abdominal ultrasound, and primary diagnosis of KD. Final diagnosis was perforated retrocecal appendicitis and abscess formation. Physicians should be aware of the vague signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis in neonates and infants and consider this diagnosis to prevent delayed diagnosis, inappropriate treatment, and consequent morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Jahangiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zarei
- Department of Radiology, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sayyahfar S, Fahimzad A, Naddaf A, Tavassoli S. Antibiotic Susceptibility Evaluation of Group A Streptococcus Isolated from Children with Pharyngitis: A Study from Iran. Infect Chemother 2015; 47:225-30. [PMID: 26788405 PMCID: PMC4716273 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2015.47.4.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of Group A streptococcus (GAS) to antibiotics usually used in Iran for treatment of GAS pharyngitis in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2011 to 2013, children 3-15 years of age with acute tonsillopharyngitis who attended Mofid Children's Hospital clinics and emergency ward and did not meet the exclusion criteria were enrolled in a prospective study in a sequential manner. The isolates strains from throat culture were identified as GAS by colony morphology, gram staining, beta hemolysis on blood agar, sensitivity to bacitracin, a positive pyrrolidonyl aminopeptidase (PYR) test result, and the presence of Lancefield A antigen determined by agglutination test. Antimicrobial susceptibility was identified by both disk diffusion and broth dilution methods. RESULTS From 200 children enrolled in this study, 59 (30%) cases were culture positive for GAS. All isolates were sensitive to penicillin G. The prevalence of erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin resistance by broth dilution method was 33.9%, 57.6%, and 33.9%, respectively. Surprisingly, 8.4% of GAS strains were resistant to rifampin. In this study, 13.5% and 32.2% of the strains were resistant to clindamycin and ofloxacin, respectively. CONCLUSION The high rate of resistance of GAS to some antibiotics in this study should warn physicians, especially in Iran, to use antibiotics restrictedly and logically to prevent the rising of resistance rates in future. It also seems that continuous local surveillance is necessary to achieve the best therapeutic option for GAS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Departement of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Fahimzad
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Departement of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Research Center, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Naddaf
- Department of Pediatrics, Fasa University of Medical sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Sara Tavassoli
- Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sayyahfar S, Karimi A, Gharib A, Fahimzad A. Association of Systemic Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Active Toxoplasmosis in a Child. Iran J Cancer Prev 2015; 8:e3438. [PMID: 26478795 PMCID: PMC4606376 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a subset of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and an unusual disease in children. Case Presentation: Herein we have reported a 7- year- old girl with a large necrotic skin ulcer on the chest caused by systemic form of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and simultaneous active toxoplasmosis diagnosed by PCR on lymph node specimen. There were few reports showing a role for toxoplasma infection to cause some malignancies such as lymphoma in adults. Conclusions: Based to our knowledge, this has been the first report of simultaneous systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma and active toxoplasmosis, documented by positive PCR on tissue biopsy in a child. This case report has suggested more attention to the accompanying Toxoplasma gondii infection as a probable cause of some types of lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Department of Paediatrics, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Paediatric Infection Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Atoosa Gharib
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hosein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Fahimzad
- Paediatric Infection Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Behpour-Oskooee M, Karimi A, Sayyahfar S. Lemierre's syndrome with double heterozygote status in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene. World J Pediatr 2014; 10:281-3. [PMID: 24668238 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-014-0475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are some risk factors being more vulnerable to Lemierre's syndrome such as a hypercoagulable state. METHODS We report a rare case of Lemierre's syndrome with ethmoid and maxillary sinusitis, bilateral mastoiditis, and sigmoid sinus thrombosis. RESULTS Genetic study revealed a double heterozygote status in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene including C677T and A1298C. CONCLUSION It is suggested to screen patients with Lemierre's syndrome for a hypercoagulable state to consider anticoagulant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Behpour-Oskooee
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Najmieh Hospital, Baghyatollah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sayyahfar S, Ansari S, Mohebali M, Behnam B. Visceral leishmaniasis without fever in an 11-month-old infant: a rare clinical feature of Kala-azar. Korean J Parasitol 2014; 52:189-91. [PMID: 24850963 PMCID: PMC4028457 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar is an endemic parasitic disease in some parts of the world which is characterized by fever, splenomegaly, and pancytopenia in most of the cases. Herein we report an 11 month-old male infant with diagnosis of kala-azar who presented with pallor, hepatosplenomegaly, failure to gain weight, and no history of fever. Surprisingly, fever started after beginning of meglumine antimoniate treatment in this patient. As far as we are aware of, this is a rare presentation of visceral leishmaniasis. Therefore, clinicians especially in endemic areas are highly recommended to include kala-azar among differential diagnosis of unexplained anemia without fever to prevent misdiagnosis of this potentially fatal, but treatable condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Ansari
- Department of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Behnam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sayyahfar S, Karimi A, Fahimzad A, Shamshiri AR. Comparison of Tuberculin Skin Test result and interferon gamma response to human PPD in BCG scar positive and negative children. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2014; 4:45-50. [PMID: 24534335 PMCID: PMC7320400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to compare Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) result and interferon gamma response to human PPD (purified protein derivative), in scar positive and scar negative BCG-vaccinated children. METHODS Between August 2007 and May 2008 a total of 236 children aged 1-168 months (mean 21 months) admitted to Mofid Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Each patient was examined for BCG vaccine scar and tested with TST and human PPD-based Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA). RESULTS Two hundred and twenty one cases out of 236 (44% female, 1-168 months, mean age 21 months) were scar positive of whom 95% TST result was negative. Human PPD-based IGRA was positive in 110 (49.8%), negative in 85 (38.4 %) and indeterminate in 26 (11.8%) of scar positive patients. Fifteen children (40% female, 1-156 months; mean age 42 months) were scar negative. All the scar negative cases were TST negative. Human PPD-based IGRA was positive in 10 (66.7%), negative in 4 (26.7%) and indeterminate in 1 (6.7%) of scar negative patients. CONCLUSIONS Immune responsiveness to human PPD antigens in scar positive and negative children may not correspond with results of the Tuberculin Skin Test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Infectious Research Center(PIRC), Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Fahimzad
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Infectious Research Center(PIRC), Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Shamshiri
- Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sayyahfar S, Chavoshzadeh Z, Khaledi M, Madadi F, Yeganeh MH, Sawamura D, Nakano H, Rezaei N. Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis presenting with palmoplantar keratoderma. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30:754-6. [PMID: 22957891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2012.01833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare autosomal-recessive disease caused by mutations in the NTRK1 gene. The disease is characterized by insensitivity to pain and absence of thermal perception. Herein a 6-year-old boy is presented with a large ulcer on the sole of his right foot and a thick, hyperkeratotic appearance of his palms and soles; there was also a medical history of hyperthermia, anhidrosis, recurrent bone fractures, osteomyelitis, injuries, mental retardation, dry and exfoliative skin, insensitivity to pain, and lack of thermal sensation. Genetic studies revealed a homozygote mutation in the NTRK1 gene. Although the patient initially presented with palmoplantar keratoderma, genetic studies confirmed the diagnosis of CIPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranPediatric Infectious Research Center, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranResearch Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Akhtar Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Pediatrics, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Dermatology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, JapanMolecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sayyahfar S, Nasiri SJ. First report of a thyroid abscess in the pediatric age group caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. J Infect Chemother 2013; 18:584-6. [PMID: 22286406 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-011-0349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid abscess is a rare event especially in the pediatric age group. We report a 2-year-old girl with thyroid abscess who presented with fever and an anterior painful neck mass. Culture of the aspirated fluid yielded Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, which is one of the etiologies of pharyngitis and rash in children and, especially, young adults. As far as we are aware this is the first report of thyroid abscess in the pediatric or adult age group caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Vahid Dastgerdi Street, Shariati Street, Tehran 1919816766, Iran.
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Tabatabaei SA, Fahimzad SA, Shamshiri AR, Shiva F, Salehpor S, Sayyahfar S, Khanbabaei G, Armin S, Tabatabaei SR, Khatami A, Kadivar M. Assessment of a new algorithm in the management of acute respiratory tract infections in children. J Res Med Sci 2012; 17:182-5. [PMID: 23264795 PMCID: PMC3525039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the practicability of a new algorithm in decreasing the rate of incorrect diagnoses and inappropriate antibiotic usage in pediatric Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARTI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Children between 1 month to15 years brought to outpatient clinics of a children's hospital with acute respiratory symptoms were managed according to the steps recommended in the algorithm. RESULTS Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Lower Respiratory Tract Infection, and undifferentiated ARTI accounted for 82%, 14.5%, and 3.5% of 1 209 cases, respectively. Antibiotics were prescribed in 33%; for: Common cold, 4.1%; Sinusitis, 85.7%; Otitis media, 96.9%; Pharyngotonsillitis, 63.3%; Croup, 6.5%; Bronchitis, 15.6%; Pertussis-like syndrome, 82.1%; Bronchiolitis, 4.1%; and Pneumonia, 50%. CONCLUSION Implementation of the ARTIs algorithm is practicable and can help to reduce diagnostic errors and rate of antibiotic prescription in children with ARTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Tabatabaei
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Fahimzad
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infections Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Alireza Fahimzad, Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shariati St., Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Ahmad Reza Shamshiri
- PhD Candidate, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health and Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiva
- Assistant Professor, Pediatric Infections Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadab Salehpor
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Shool of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghamartag Khanbabaei
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Armin
- Associate Professor, Pediatric Infections Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Rafil Tabatabaei
- Assistant Professor, Pediatric Infections Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khatami
- Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, Shool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kadivar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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