1
|
Torre E, Arici M, Lodrini AM, Ferrandi M, Barassi P, Hsu SC, Chang GJ, Altomare C, Ferrari P, Bianchi G, Rocchetti M. SERCA2a stimulation by istaroxime improves intracellular Ca2+ handling and diastolic dysfunction in a model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): This work was supported by CVie Therapeutics Limited (Taipei, Taiwan) and Windtree Therapeutics (Warrington, USA)
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a multifactorial disease characterized by an early onset of diastolic dysfunction (DD) that precedes the development of systolic impairment. Mechanisms that can restore cardiac relaxation improving intracellular Ca2+ dynamics represent a promising therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases associated to DD. Istaroxime has the double property to accelerate Ca2+ uptake into sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through the SR Ca2+ pump (SERCA2a) stimulation and to inhibit Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA). The project aims to characterize istaroxime effects at a concentration (100 nM) marginally affecting NKA, in order to highlight its effects dependent on the stimulation of SERCA2a in a model of mild diabetes.
Streptozotocin (STZ) treated diabetic rats were studied at 9 weeks after STZ injection in comparison to controls (CTR). Istaroxime effects were evaluated in vivo and in left ventricular (LV) preparations. STZ animals showed 1) marked DD not associated to cardiac fibrosis, 2) LV mass reduction associated to reduced LV cell dimension and T-tubules loss, 3) reduced LV SERCA2 protein level and activity and 4) slower SR Ca2+ uptake rate, 5) LV action potential (AP) prolongation and increased short-term variability (STV) of AP duration, 6) increased diastolic Ca2+, 7) unaltered SR Ca2+ content and stability in intact cells. Acute istaroxime infusion (0.11 mg/kg/min for 15 min) reduced DD in STZ rats. Accordingly, in STZ myocytes istaroxime (100 nM) stimulated SERCA2a activity and blunted STZ-induced abnormalities in LV Ca2+ dynamics. In CTR myocytes, istaroxime increased diastolic Ca2+ level due to NKA blockade albeit minimal, while its effects on SERCA2a were almost absent.
SERCA2a stimulation by istaroxime improved STZ-induced DD and intracellular Ca2+ handling anomalies. Thus, SERCA2a stimulation can be considered a promising therapeutic approach for DD treatment. Abstract Figure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Torre
- University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - M Arici
- University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - AM Lodrini
- University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - M Ferrandi
- Windtree Therapeutics Inc., Warrington, United States of America
| | - P Barassi
- Windtree Therapeutics Inc., Warrington, United States of America
| | - SC Hsu
- CVie Therapeutics Limited, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - GJ Chang
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - C Altomare
- Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - P Ferrari
- Windtree Therapeutics Inc., Warrington, United States of America
| | - G Bianchi
- Windtree Therapeutics Inc., Warrington, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Orozco JIJ, Bustos MA, Nelson N, Hsu SC, Cheung G, Bostick PJ, Lucci A, DiNome M, Kelly DF, Hoon DSB, Marzese DM. Abstract P1-04-04: DNA methylation landscapes of breast cancer progression to brain metastasis: A pre-clinical study. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p1-04-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Due to improvements in overall survival rates, breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is a major life-limiting condition with rising incidence. The molecular mechanisms involved in breast cancer (BC) progression to brain metastasis are still poorly understood. We have demonstrated that DNA methylation, a key epigenetic regulatory mechanism, is involved in BC progression to metastatic disease. Here, we characterized the BCBM DNA methylation landscapes according to their molecular subtypes. Methods: This study included 22 BCBM specimens from 19 patients (ER+/PgR+/HER2-(n=6), HER2+(n=7), and ER-/PgR-/HER2-(TNBC; n=6)) and primary BC specimens with paired molecular subtypes. After microdissection, we generated genome-wide DNA methylomes using HM450K BeadChips. Results: Multidimensional scaling revealed that DNA methylation patterns specifically clustered BCBMs according to their respective molecular subtypes. Additionally, we observed that while ER+/PgR+/HER2- BCBM showed a significant global hypermethylation, HER2+ and TNBC BCBMs presented a significant global hypomethylation compared to the respective primary BC specimens. Hypermethylation on ER+/PgR+/HER2- BCBMs mainly affected CpG islands and was significantly enriched in regions overlapping tumor-related genes, such as APC2, CREB3L1, and GLI3; and a large number of developmental genes, including HOXA9, HOXA10, HOXB13, and PAX6 (Table1). On the other hand, hypomethylation on HER2+ and TNBC BCBMs significantly overlapped with conserved intergenic cis regulatory elements. Two significantly affected regions included enhancer elements associated with NEUROD1, a neurogenic differentiation factor, and MYT1L, a Pan-neural transcription factor associated with neuronal differentiation, suggesting an acquisition of brain-like properties (Table2). Conclusions: Our study suggests a significant role of DNA methylation reprogramming during BC progression to brain metastasis and describes the existence of molecular subtype-specific DNA methylomes. Altogether, this data offers new insight into the complexity of this clinical complication.
Table1: Hypermethylated CpG sites in ER+/PgR+/HER2- BCBMChrStartGeneCpG ContextDiff. MethFDR P-val1746802888HOXB13Island0.824.6E-061656666575MT1MIsland0.813.7E-101685160569IntergenicShelf0.773.7E-17742277807GLI3Island0.738.7E-0567728888BMP6Island0.713.1E-051811149470FAM38BIsland0.703.4E-081146317577CREB3L1Shore0.705.3E-17191467979APC2Island0.693.0E-05727213984HOXA10Island0.697.5E-061131826421PAX6Island0.677.4E-06727205381HOXA9Island0.651.7E-061396204854CLDN10Island0.642.1E-042176956678HOXD13Island0.632.3E-04
Table2: Hypomethylated CpG sites in HER2+ and TNBC BCBMsChrStartGeneCpG ContextDiff. Meth.FDR P-val1746619555IntergenicShore-0.583.2E-042182543233NEUROD1OpenSea-0.566.9E-0312132900938GALNT9Island-0.562.1E-051391827042IntergenicShore-0.558.7E-051746618614IntergenicShore-0.551.4E-0522119853MYT1LOpenSea-0.532.5E-041156623074BCANOpenSea-0.532.1E-0310128275008IntergenicOpenSea-0.521.6E-04480885981ANTXR2Island-0.515.2E-037157280331IntergenicShelf-0.516.9E-032059832924CDH4Shelf-0.512.7E-0241407858IntergenicIsland-0.513.7E-03592925721NR2F1Shore-0.513.1E-08
Citation Format: Orozco JIJ, Bustos MA, Nelson N, Hsu SC, Cheung G, Bostick PJ, Lucci A, DiNome M, Kelly DF, Hoon DSB, Marzese DM. DNA methylation landscapes of breast cancer progression to brain metastasis: A pre-clinical study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-04-04.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JIJ Orozco
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Sequencing Core Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Brain Tumor Center, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - MA Bustos
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Sequencing Core Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Brain Tumor Center, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - N Nelson
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Sequencing Core Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Brain Tumor Center, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - SC Hsu
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Sequencing Core Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Brain Tumor Center, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - G Cheung
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Sequencing Core Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Brain Tumor Center, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - PJ Bostick
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Sequencing Core Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Brain Tumor Center, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - A Lucci
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Sequencing Core Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Brain Tumor Center, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - M DiNome
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Sequencing Core Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Brain Tumor Center, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - DF Kelly
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Sequencing Core Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Brain Tumor Center, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - DSB Hoon
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Sequencing Core Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Brain Tumor Center, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - DM Marzese
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Sequencing Core Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA; Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Brain Tumor Center, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang JL, Lien JC, Chen YY, Hsu SC, Chang SJ, Huang AC, Amagaya S, Funayana S, Wood WG, Kuo CL, Chung JG. Crude extract of Euphorbia formosana induces apoptosis of DU145 human prostate cancer cells acts through the caspase-dependent and independent signaling pathway. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:1600-1611. [PMID: 26122529 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men and the second highest contributor of male cancer mortality. The crude extract of Euphorbia formosana (CEEF) has been used for treatment of different diseases but the cytotoxic effects of CEEF on human cancer cells have not been reported. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine effects of CEEF on cell cycle distribution and induction of apoptosis in DU145 human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Contrast-phase microscope was used for examining cell morphological changes. Flow cytometric assays were used for cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and Ca2+ production and mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm ). Western blotting was used for examining protein expression of cell cycle and apoptosis associated proteins. Real-time PCR was used for examining mRNA levels of caspase-3, -8, and -9, AIF, and Endo G. Confocal laser microscope was used to examine the translocation of AIF, Endo G, and cytochrome in DU145 cells after CEEF exposure. CEEF-induced cell morphological changes, decreased the percentage of viable cells, and induced S phase arrest and apoptosis in DU145 cells. Furthermore, CEEF promoted RAS and Ca2+ production and reduced ΔΨm levels. Real-time QPCR confirmed that CEEF promoted the mRNA expression of caspase-3 and -9, AIF and Endo G and we found that AIF and Endo G and cytochrome c were released from mitochondria. Taken together, CEEF-induced cytotoxic effects via ROS production, induced S phase arrest and induction of apoptosis through caspase-dependent and independent and mitochondria-dependent pathways in DU245 cancer cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1600-1611, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yin Chen
- Department of Chinese-Western Medicine Integration, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jen Chang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Medicine Nursing and Management College, Yilan, 266, Taiwan
| | - Sakae Amagaya
- Department of Kampo Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinji Funayana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - W Gibson Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin JJ, Hsu SC, Lu KW, Ma YS, Wu CC, Lu HF, Chen JC, Lin JG, Wu PP, Chung JG. Alpha-phellandrene-induced apoptosis in mice leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vitro. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:1640-1651. [PMID: 26174008 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although reports have shown that α-phellandrene (α-PA) is one of the monoterpenes and is often used in the food and perfume industry, our previous studies have indicated that α-PA promoted immune responses in normal mice in vivo. However, there is no available information to show that α-PA induced cell apoptosis in cancer cells, thus, we investigated the effects of α-PA on the cell morphology, viability, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis in mice leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vitro. Results indicated that α-PA induced cell morphological changes and decreased viability, induced G0/G1 arrest and sub-G1 phase (apoptosis) in WEHI-3 cells. α-PA increased the productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ and decreased the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) in dose- and time-dependent manners in WEHI-3 cells that were analyzed by flow cytometer. Results from confocal laser microscopic system examinations show that α-PA promoted the release of cytochrome c, AIF, and Endo G from mitochondria in WEHI-3 cells. These results are the first findings to provide new information for understanding the mechanisms by which α-PA induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in WEHI-3 cells in vitro. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1640-1651, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Jyh Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 84001, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 711, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botany and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, 51591, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin CC, Lee MH, Lin JH, Lin ML, Chueh FS, Yu CC, Lin JP, Chou YC, Hsu SC, Chung JG. Crude extract of Rheum palmatum L. Induces cell cycle arrest S phase and apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent pathways in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:957-969. [PMID: 25689151 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second cause of death in children. Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of solid bone cancer primarily affecting adolescents and young adults. In the Chinese population, the crude extract of Rheum palmatum L. (CERP) has been used for treating different diseases, including SARS, rheumatoid arthritis, coxsackievirus B3, and human colon cancer cell, pancreatic cancer. There are no reports on CERP and human osteosarcoma cells. The present study examined effects of CERP on cytotoxicity including cell cycle distribution and cell death (apoptosis) in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. CERP significantly induced S phase arrest in U-2 OS cells in a dose-dependent. CERP produced DNA damage and DNA condensation. Other effects of CERP were stimulation of ROS and Ca(2+) , mitochondria impairment, and activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9. CERP increased the levels of Bax, Bak, Bad, cyclin B, Fas, PARP, GRP78, GADD153, AIF, Endo G, Calpain-2, p21, and p27, but decreased the levels of Bcl-2, BCL-X, XIAP, Akt, CDC25A, CDK2, Cyclin A, and Cyclin E of U-2 OS cells. It was also observed that CERP promoted the expression of AIF, Endo G, GADD153, and cytochrome c. These results indicate that CERP has anticancer effects in vitro and provide the foundation for in vivo studies of animal models of osteosarcoma. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 957-969, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chung Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taichung, 420, Taiwan
- General Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huei Lee
- General Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taichung, 420, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Hwa Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Liang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Pin Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Division of Neurosurgical Oncology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu FS, Lin ML, Hsu SC, Yu CC, Huang YP, Kuo YH, Chung JG. 4-Hydroxybutenolide impairs cell migration, and invasion of human oral cancer SCC-4 cells via the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:579-88. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
7
|
Wu SH, Hsiao YT, Kuo CL, Yu FS, Hsu SC, Wu PP, Chen JC, Hsia TC, Liu HC, Hsu WH, Chung JG. Bufalin Inhibits NCI-H460 Human Lung Cancer Cell Metastasis In Vitro by Inhibiting MAPKs, MMPs, and NF-κB Pathways. Am J Chin Med 2016; 43:1247-64. [PMID: 26446205 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bufalin, a component of Chan Su (a traditional Chinese medicine), has been known to have antitumor effects for thousands of years. In this study, we investigated its anti-metastasis effects on NCI-H460 lung cancer cells. Under sub-lethal concentrations (from 25 up to 100 nM), bufalin significantly inhibits the invasion and migration nature of NCI-H460 cells that were measured by Matrigel Cell Migration Assay and Invasion System. Bufalin also suppressed the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, which was examined by gelatin zymography methods. Western blotting revealed that bufalin depressed several key metastasis-related proteins, such as NF-κB, MMP-2, MMP-9, protein kinase C (PKC), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), phosphorylated Akt, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylated p38, and phosphorylated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). As evidenced by immunostaining and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), bufalin induced not only a decreased cytoplasmic NF-κB production, but also decreased its nuclear translocation. Several metastasis-related genes, including Rho-associated (Rho A), coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), were down-regulated after bufalin treatment. In conclusion, bufalin is effective in inhibiting the metastatic nature of NCI-H460 cells in low, sub-lethal concentrations. Such an effect involves many mechanisms including MMPs, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB systems. Bufalin has a potential to evolve into an anti-metastasis drug for human lung cancer in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hwar Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 505, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shun Yu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botany and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Huei Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin JJ, Wu CC, Hsu SC, Weng SW, Ma YS, Huang YP, Lin JG, Chung JG. Alpha-phellandrene-induced DNA damage and affect DNA repair protein expression in WEHI-3 murine leukemia cells in vitro. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:1322-30. [PMID: 24861204 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although there are few reports regarding α-phellandrene (α-PA), a natural compound from Schinus molle L. essential oil, there is no report to show that α-PA induced DNA damage and affected DNA repair associated protein expression. Herein, we investigated the effects of α-PA on DNA damage and repair associated protein expression in murine leukemia cells. Flow cytometric assay was used to measure the effects of α-PA on total cell viability and the results indicated that α-PA induced cell death. Comet assay and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining were used for measuring DNA damage and condensation, respectively, and the results indicated that α-PA induced DNA damage and condensation in a concentration-dependent manner. DNA gel electrophoresis was used to examine the DNA damage and the results showed that α-PA induced DNA damage in WEHI-3 cells. Western blotting assay was used to measure the changes of DNA damage and repair associated protein expression and the results indicated that α-PA increased p-p53, p-H2A.X, 14-3-3-σ, and MDC1 protein expression but inhibited the protein of p53, MGMT, DNA-PK, and BRCA-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Jyh Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 711, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Weng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taichung, 403, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 84001, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hsia TC, Lin JH, Hsu SC, Tang NY, Lu HF, Wu SH, Lin JG, Chung JG. Cantharidin induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair-associated protein levels in NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:1135-1143. [PMID: 24639390 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidin is one of the major compounds from mylabris and it has cytotoxic effects in many different types of human cancer cells. Previously, we found that cantharidin induced cell death through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction in human lung cancer NCI-H460 cells. However, cantharidin-affected DNA damage, repair, and associated protein levels in NCI-H460 cells have not been examined. In this study, we determined whether cantharidin induced DNA damage and condensation and altered levels of proteins in NCI-H460 cells in vitro. Incubation of NCI-H460 cells with 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 μM of cantharidin caused a longer DNA migration smear (comet tail). Cantharidin also increased DNA condensation. These effects were dose-dependent. Cantharidin (5, 10, and 15 μM) treatment of NCI-H460 cells reduced protein levels of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA-1), 14-3-3 proteins sigma (14-3-3σ), DNA-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase (DNA-PK), O(6) -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), and mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (MDC1). Protein translocation of p-p53, p-H2A.X (S140), and MDC1 from cytoplasm to nucleus was induced by cantharidin in NCI-H460 cells. Taken together, this study showed that cantharidin caused DNA damage and inhibited levels of DNA repair-associated proteins. These effects may contribute to cantharidin-induced cell death in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chun Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Hwa Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Nou-Ying Tang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Hwar Wu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma YS, Hsiao YP, Lin JH, Hsu SC, Chueh FS, Weng SW, Lai KC, Lin JG, Chung JG. Crude extract of Rheum palmatum L inhibits migration and invasion of LS1034 human colon cancer cells acts through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 by MAPK signaling. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:852-863. [PMID: 24497447 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Crude extract of Rheum palmatum L. (CERP) has been used to treat different diseases in the Chinese population for decades. In this study, we investigated the anti-metastasis effects of CERP on LS1034 human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and examined potential mechanisms of its effects. CERP significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion of LS1034 cells. We also found that CERP inhibited protein levels of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), and cytosolic NF-kB p65, RHO A, ROCK 1. Furthermore, we found CERP inhibited protein levels of GRB2, SOS1, MKK7, FAK, Rho A, ROCK 1, VEGF, PKC, AKT, phosphor-AKT (Thr308), Cyclin D, iNOS, COX2, NF-kB p65, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2, p-p38, p-c-jun, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-10, UPA and increased the protein level of Ras in LS1034 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that CERP may be used as a novel anti-metastasis agent for the treatment of human colon cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shih Ma
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Changhua Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Departments of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ju-Hwa Lin
- Departments of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Departments of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Wen Weng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Taichung, 403, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taichung, 403, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, 651, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Departments of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ko YC, Lien JC, Liu HC, Hsu SC, Lin HY, Chueh FS, Ji BC, Yang MD, Hsu WH, Chung JG. Demethoxycurcumin-induced DNA Damage Decreases DNA Repair-associated Protein Expression Levels in NCI-H460 Human Lung Cancer Cells. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:2691-2698. [PMID: 25964547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Demethoxycurcumin (DMC) is a key component of Chinese medicine (Turmeric) and has been proven effective in killing various cancer cells. Its role in inducing cytotoxic effects in many cancer cells has been reported, but its role regarding DNA damage on lung cancer cells has not been studied in detail. In the present study, we demonstrated DMC-induced DNA damage and condensation in NCI-H460 cells by using the Comet assay and DAPI staining examinations, respectively. Western blotting indicated that DMC suppressed the protein levels associated with DNA damage and repair, such as 14-3-3σ (an important checkpoint keeper of DNA damage response), DNA repair proteins breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1), O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1), and p53 (tumor suppressor protein). DMC activated phosphorylated p53 and p-H2A.X (phospho Ser140) in NCI-H460 cells. Furthermore, we used confocal laser systems microscopy to examine the protein translocation. The results showed that DMC promotes the translocation of p-p53 and p-H2A.X from the cytosol to the nuclei in NCI-H460 cells. Taken together, DMC induced DNA damage and affected DNA repair proteins in NCI-H460 cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ching Ko
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bin-Chuan Ji
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C. General Education Center, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Due Yang
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wu-Huei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wu feng, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Weng SW, Hsu SC, Liu HC, Ji BC, Lien JC, Yu FS, Liu KC, Lai KC, Lin JP, Chung JG. Gallic acid induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair-associated protein expression in human oral cancer SCC-4 cells. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:2077-2084. [PMID: 25862863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), a phenolic compound naturally present in plants, used as an antioxidant additive in food and in the pharmaceutical industry, may have cancer chemopreventive properties. In the present study, we investigated whether GA induced DNA damage and affected DNA repair-associated protein expression in human oral cancer SCC-4 cells. Flow cytometry assays were used to measure total viable cells and results indicated that GA decreased viable cells dose-dependently. The comet assay and 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining were used to measure DNA damage, as well as condensation and it was shown that GA induced DNA damage (comet tail) and DNA condensation in a dose-dependent manner. DNA gel electrophoresis was used to examine DNA fragmentation and we found that GA induced DNA ladder (fragmentation). Using western blotting it was shown that GA inhibited the protein expressions of MDC1, O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), p-H2A.X, p53, DNA-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase (DNA-PK) and 14-3-3 proteins sigma (14-3-3σ) but increased p-p53, phosphate-ataxia-telangiectasia (p-H2A.X) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (p-ATR), phosphate-ataxia telangiectasia mutated (p-ATM) and breast cancer susceptibility protein 1 (BRCA1) in a 24-h treatment. The protein translocation was examined by confocal laser microscopy and results indicated that GA increased the levels of p-H2A.X, MDC1 and p-p53 in SCC-4 cells. In conclusion, we found that GA-induced cell death may proceed through the induced DNA damage and suppressed DNA repair-associated protein expression in SCC-4 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Weng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bin-Chuan Ji
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shun Yu
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medicine Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Pin Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hsia TC, Yu CC, Hsu SC, Tang NY, Lu HF, Yu CS, Wu SH, Lin JG, Chung JG. cDNA microarray analysis of the effect of cantharidin on DNA damage, cell cycle and apoptosis-associated gene expression in NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1030-42. [PMID: 25815777 PMCID: PMC4438957 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD) induces cytotoxic effects in different types of human cancer cell; however, to date, there have been no studies on the effects of CTD on gene expression in human lung cancer cells and the potential associated signaling pathways. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate how CTD affects the expression of key genes and functional pathways of human H460 lung cancer cells using complementary DNA microarray analysis. Human H460 lung cancer cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of 10 µM CTD; gene expression was then examined using microarray analysis. The results indicated that 8 genes were upregulated > 4-fold, 29 genes were upregulated >3-4-fold and 156 genes were upregulated >2-3-fold. In addition, 1 gene was downregulated >4 fold, 14 genes were downregulated >3-4-fold and 150 genes were downregulated >2-3 fold in H460 cells following exposure to CTD. It was found that CTD affected DNA damage genes, including DNIT3 and GADD45A, which were upregulated 2.26- and 2.60-fold, respectively, as well as DdiT4, which was downregulated 3.14-fold. In addition, the expression of genes associated with the cell cycle progression were altered, including CCND2, CDKL3 and RASA4, which were upregulated 2.72-, 2.19- and 2.72-fold, respectively; however, CDC42EP3 was downregulated 2.16-fold. Furthermore, apoptosis-associated genes were differentially expressed, including CARD6, which was upregulated 3.54-fold. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that CTD affected the expression of genes associated with DNA damage, cell cycle progression and apoptotic cell death in human lung cancer H460 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chun Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chih Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nou-Ying Tang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Shu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shin-Hwar Wu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu LY, Lu HF, Chou YC, Shih YL, Bau DT, Chen JC, Hsu SC, Chung JG. Kaempferol induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair associated protein expressions in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Am J Chin Med 2015; 43:365-82. [PMID: 25779644 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1550024x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous evidences have shown that plant flavonoids (naturally occurring substances) have been reported to have chemopreventive activities and protect against experimental carcinogenesis. Kaempferol, one of the flavonoids, is widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, and may have cancer chemopreventive properties. However, the precise underlying mechanism regarding induced DNA damage and suppressed DNA repair system are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether kaempferol induced DNA damage and affected DNA repair associated protein expression in human leukemia HL-60 cells in vitro. Percentages of viable cells were measured via a flow cytometry assay. DNA damage was examined by Comet assay and DAPI staining. DNA fragmentation (ladder) was examined by DNA gel electrophoresis. The changes of protein levels associated with DNA repair were examined by Western blotting. Results showed that kaempferol dose-dependently decreased the viable cells. Comet assay indicated that kaempferol induced DNA damage (Comet tail) in a dose-dependent manner and DAPI staining also showed increased doses of kaempferol which led to increased DNA condensation, these effects are all of dose-dependent manners. Western blotting indicated that kaempferol-decreased protein expression associated with DNA repair system, such as phosphate-ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (p-ATM), phosphate-ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (p-ATR), 14-3-3 proteins sigma (14-3-3σ), DNA-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase (DNA-PK), O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), p53 and MDC1 protein expressions, but increased the protein expression of p-p53 and p-H2AX. Protein translocation was examined by confocal laser microscopy, and we found that kaempferol increased the levels of p-H2AX and p-p53 in HL-60 cells. Taken together, in the present study, we found that kaempferol induced DNA damage and suppressed DNA repair and inhibited DNA repair associated protein expression in HL-60 cells, which may be the factors for kaempferol induced cell death in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Yuan Wu
- I-Shou University, The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ji BC, Hsiao YP, Tsai CH, Chang SJ, Hsu SC, Liu HC, Huang YP, Lien JC, Chung JG. Cantharidin impairs cell migration and invasion of A375.S2 human melanoma cells by suppressing MMP-2 and -9 through PI3K/NF-κB signaling pathways. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:729-738. [PMID: 25667452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer patient death. Melanoma is a highly important metastasis in human cancer. Cantharidin (CTD), identified as an active component of natural mylabris (Mylabris phalerata Pallas), induces apoptosis in many human cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the anti-metastasis effects of CTD in human melanoma cancer A375.S2 cells. Flow cytometry was used to measure CTD-induced cytotoxic effects in A375.S2 cells. Wound healing assay indicated that CTD suppressed the migration of A375.S2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The Matrigel Transwell Assay was used for cell migration and invasion examination and the results showed that CTD inhibited both. Gelatin zymography was used to investigate the activities of MMP-2/9 and the results indicated that CTD inhibited the enzymatic activities of MMP-2/9 in A375.S2 cells. The protein expression of A375.S2 cells following incubation with CTD was examined by western blotting and the results showed that CTD decreased the expression of ERK1/2, PI3K, FAK, MMP-2, -9, COX-2, NF-κB p65, TIMP 1, TIMP 2, VEFG, uPA, Rho A, GRB2, ROCK-1 and Ras, but increased the expressions of p38, JNK, p-c-jun and PKC. Based on those observations, we suggest that CTD may be used as a novel anti-cancer metastasis agent of human melanoma cancer in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Chuan Ji
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C. General Education Center, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung Hung Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Jen Chang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liao CL, Lin JH, Lien JC, Hsu SC, Chueh FS, Yu CC, Wu PP, Huang YP, Lin JG, Chung JG. The crude extract of Corni Fructus inhibits the migration and invasion of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 by MAPK signaling. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:53-63. [PMID: 23955962 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of the bone cancers. In the Chinese population, the crude extract of Corni Fructus (CECF) has been used as Traditional Chinese medicine to treat several different diseases for hundreds of years. In the present study, effects of CECF on inhibition of migration and invasion in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells were examined. CECF significantly inhibited migration and invasion of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. We also found that CECF inhibited activities of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9). CECF decreased protein levels of FAK, PKC, SOS1, MKK7, MEKK3, GRB2, NF-κB p65, COX-2, HIF-1α, PI3K, Rho A, ROCK-1, IRE-1α, p-JNK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p-p38, Ras, p-PERK, MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF in U-2 OS cells. Results of this study indicate that CECF may have potential as a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of osteosarcoma by inhibiting migration and invasion of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ko YC, Hsu SC, Liu HC, Hsiao YT, Hsia TC, Yang ST, Hsu WH, Chung JG. Demethoxycurcumin alters gene expression associated with DNA damage, cell cycle and apoptosis in human lung cancer NCI-H460 cells in vitro. In Vivo 2015; 29:83-94. [PMID: 25600535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and new lung cancer cases are continuously emerging around the globe; however, treatment of lung cancer remains unsatisfactory. Demethoxycurcumin (DMC) has been shown to exert cytotoxic effects in human cancer cells via induction of apoptosis. However, the effects of DMC on genetic mechanisms associated with these actions have not been yet elucidated. Human lung cancer NCI-H460 cells were incubated with or without 35 μM of DMC for 24 h and total RNA was extracted for cDNA synthesis labeling and microarray hybridization, followed by fluor-labeled cDNA hybridization on chip. Expression Console software with default Robust Multichip Analysis (RMA) parameters were used for detecting and quantitating the localized concentrations of fluorescent molecules. The GeneGo software was used for investigating key genes involved and their possible interaction pathways. Genes associated with DNA damage and repair, cell-cycle check point and apoptosis could be altered by DMC; in particular, 144 genes were found up-regulated and 179 genes down-regulated in NCI-H460 cells after exposure to DMC. In general, DMC-altered genes may offer information to understand the cytotoxic mechanism of this agent at the genetic level since gene alterations can be useful biomarkers or targets for the diagnosis and treatment of human lung cancer in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ching Ko
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Gradualted Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Su-Tso Yang
- Department of Radiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wu-Huei Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen YY, Lu HF, Hsu SC, Kuo CL, Chang SJ, Lin JJ, Wu PP, Liu JY, Lee CH, Chung JG, Chang JB. Bufalin inhibits migration and invasion in human hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep1 cells through the inhibitions of NF-kB and matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9-signaling pathways. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:74-82. [PMID: 23949904 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis plays an important role in mortality of cancer patients. Migration and invasion are the major characteristics of tumor metastasis. The induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-2 and -9 are particularly important for the invasiveness of various cancer cells. Bufalin, a class of toxic steroids, was purified from the skin glands of Bufo gargarizans or Bufo melanostictus; it is known to inhibit proliferation of human cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the antiinvasive mechanisms of bufalin in the human hepatocellular cancer cell line SK-Hep1. Bufalin significantly reduced serum-induced cell invasion and migration. Furthermore, bufalin markedly inhibited MMP-2 and -9 activity, mRNA expression and protein levels in SK-Hep1 cells. Bufalin attenuated phosphoinisitide-3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylation of AKT which was associated with reduced levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Bufalin also suppressed protein levels of FAK and Rho A, VEGF, MEKK3, MKK7, and uPA and it diminished NF-κB translocation. Based on these observations, we propose that bufalin is acts as an antiinvasive agent by inhibiting MMP-2 and -9 and involving PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways. Bufalin is a potential therapeutic agent that may have efficacy in preventing the invasion and metastasis of malignant liver tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yin Chen
- Department of Chinese-Western Medicine Integration, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu SH, Wu TY, Hsiao YT, Lin JH, Hsu SC, Hsia TC, Yang ST, Hsu WH, Chung JG. Bufalin induces cell death in human lung cancer cells through disruption of DNA damage response pathways. Am J Chin Med 2014; 42:729-42. [PMID: 24871662 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bufalin is a key component of a Chinese medicine (Chan Su) and has been proved effective in killing various cancer cells. Its role in inducing DNA damage and the inhibition of the DNA damage response (DDR) has been reported, but none have studied such action in lung cancer in detail. In this study, we demonstrated bufalin-induced DNA damage and condensation in NCI-H460 cells through a comet assay and DAPI staining, respectively. Western blotting indicated that bufalin suppressed the protein levels associated with DNA damage and repair, such as a DNA dependent serine/threonine protein kinase (DNA-PK), DNA repair proteins breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1), 14-3-3 σ (an important checkpoint keeper of DDR), mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1), O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and p53 (tumor suppressor protein). Bufalin could activate phosphorylated p53 in NCI-H460 cells. DNA damage in NCI-H460 cells after treatment with bufalin up-regulated its ATM and ATR genes, which encode proteins functioning as sensors in DDR, and also up-regulated the gene expression (mRNA) of BRCA1 and DNA-PK. But bufalin suppressed the gene expression (mRNA) of p53 and 14-3-3 σ, however, bufalin did not significantly affect the mRNA of MGMT. In conclusion, bufalin induced DNA damage in NCI-H460 cells and also inhibited its DNA repair and checkpoint function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hwar Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC , Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lai KC, Hsu SC, Yang JS, Yu CC, Lein JC, Chung JG. Diallyl trisulfide inhibits migration, invasion and angiogenesis of human colon cancer HT-29 cells and umbilical vein endothelial cells, and suppresses murine xenograft tumour growth. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:474-84. [PMID: 25403643 PMCID: PMC4407594 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitors are beneficial for the prevention and treatment of angiogenesis-dependent diseases including cancer. We examined the cytotoxic, anti-metastatic, anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic effects of diallyl trisulfide (DATS). In HT29 cells, DATS inhibited migration and invasion through the inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 which was associated with inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases-2, -7 and -9 and VEGF. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), DATS inhibited the migration and angiogenesis through FAK, Src and Ras. DATS also inhibited the secretion of VEGF. The capillary-like tube structure formation and migration by HUVEC was inhibited by DATS. The chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay indicated that DATS treatment inhibited ex-vivo angiogenesis. We investigated the anti-tumour effects of DATS against human colon cancer xenografts in BALB/cnu/nu mice and its anti-angiogenic activity in vivo. In this in-vivo study, DATS also inhibited the tumour growth, tumour weight and angiogenesis (decreased the levels of haemoglobin) in HT29 cells. In conclusion, the present results suggest that the inhibition of angiogenesis may be an important mechanism in colon cancer chemotherapy by DATS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hsiao YP, Tsai CH, Wu PP, Hsu SC, Liu HC, Huang YP, Yang JH, Chung JG. Cantharidin induces G2/M phase arrest by inhibition of Cdc25c and Cyclin A and triggers apoptosis through reactive oxygen species and the mitochondria‑dependent pathways of A375.S2 human melanoma cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2393-402. [PMID: 25340978 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a component of natural mylabris (Mylabris phalerata Pallas) was reported to have high cytotoxicity in many human cancer cell lines. However, it was not reported to affect human melanoma A375.S2 cells. In the present study, we found that CTD induced cell morphological changes and decreased the percentage of viable cells and induced G2/M phase arrest and induction of apoptosis in A375.S2 cells. Results also showed that CTD induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ and decreased mitochondria membrane potential and lead to the release of cytochrome c, AIF and Endo G. Further investigation revealed that CTD induced A375.S2 cells with an increase of caspase activation and caspase-dependent apoptotic proteins to trigger correlated pathway mechanisms according to western blotting results. Western blotting was used for examining the changes of G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis-associated protein expression and confocal laser microscopy was used to examine the translocation apoptosis-associated protein. Results showed that CTD increased the protein expression of caspase-3, -8 and -9, cytochrome c, Bax, Bid, Endo G and AIF but inhibited the levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x. CTD induced ER stress-associated protein expression such as GRP78, IRE1β, ATF6α and caspase-12. Based on those observations, we suggest that CTD may have potential as a novel anti-cancer agent for the treatment of skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Hung Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ping-Ping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Hung Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ma YS, Hsu SC, Weng SW, Yu CC, Yang JS, Lai KC, Lin JP, Lin JG, Chung JG. Crude extract of Rheum palmatum L induced cell death in LS1034 human colon cancer cells acts through the caspase-dependent and -independent pathways. Environ Toxicol 2014; 29:969-980. [PMID: 23315830 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Crude extract of Rheum palmatum L (CERP) has been used to treat different diseases in the Chinese population for decades. In this study, we investigated the effects of CERP on LS1034 human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and also examined possible mechanisms of cell death. Flow cytometric assays were used to measure the percentage of viable cells, cell cycle distribution including the sub-G1 phase (apoptosis), the activities of caspase-8, -9, and -3, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). DNA damage, nuclei condensation, protein expression, and translocation were examined by Comet assay, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Western blotting, and confocal laser system microscope, respectively. CERP induced apoptosis as seen by DNA fragmentation and DAPI staining in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in cancer cells. CERP was associated with an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio and CERP promoted the activities of caspase-8, -9, and -3. Both ROS and Ca(2+) levels were increased by CERP but the compound decreased levels of ΔΨm in LS1034 cells. Laser confocal microscope also confirmed that CERP promoted the expressions of AIF, Endo G, cytochrome c, and GADD153 to induce apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shih Ma
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Changhua Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Changhua 513, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liao CL, Hsu SC, Yu CC, Yang JS, Tang NY, Wood WG, Lin JG, Chung JG. The crude extract of Corni Fructus induces apoptotic cell death through reactive oxygen species-modulated pathways in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. Environ Toxicol 2014; 29:1020-1031. [PMID: 23239598 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Crude extract of Corni Fructus (CECF) has been used in Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of different diseases for hundreds of years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of CECF on U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. Flow cytometry was used for measuring the percentage of viable cells, cell-cycle distribution, apoptotic cells in sub-G1 phase, reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca(2+) levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ). Comet assay and 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining were used for examining DNA damage and condensation. Western blotting was used to examine apoptosis-associated protein levels in U-2 OS cells after exposed to CECF. Immunostaining and confocal laser system microscope were used to examine protein translocation after CECF incubation. CECF decreased the percentage of viability, induced DNA damage and DNA condensation, G₀/G₁ arrest, and apoptosis in U-2 OS cells. CECF-stimulated activities of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3, ROS, and Ca(2+) production, decreased ΔΨm levels of in U-2 OS cells. CECF increased protein levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, cytochrome c, GRP78, AIF, ATF-6α, Fas, TRAIL, p21, p27, and p16 which were associated with cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. These findings suggest that CECF triggers apoptosis in U-2 OS cells via ROS-modulated caspase-dependent and -independent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ni WY, Lu HF, Hsu SC, Hsiao YP, Liu KC, Liu JY, Ji BC, Hsueh SC, Hung FM, Shang HS, Chung JG. Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits in vivo growth of subcutaneous xenograft tumors of human malignant melanoma A375.S2 cells. In Vivo 2014; 28:891-894. [PMID: 25189905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) induces apoptosis of different types of human cancer cell lines, however, there are no reports showing that PEITC inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model of melanoma in nude mice. We investigated effects of PEITC on the growth of xenografted A375.S2 cell tumors in nude BALB/c mice. A375.S2 cancer cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the lower flanks of mice. Seven days post-inoculation, mice having one palpable tumor were randomly divided into three groups and injected intraperitoneally with PEITC (0, 20 and 40 mg/kg). PEITC reduced tumor weight but total body weight was unaffected. These in vivo results provide support for further investigations to determine the potential use of PEITC as an anticancer drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ya Ni
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, NanKai University of Technology, Nantou County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Departments of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jia-You Liu
- Departments of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bin-Chuan Ji
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Ching Hsueh
- Departments of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fang-Ming Hung
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Sheng Shang
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu SH, Hsiao YT, Chen JC, Lin JH, Hsu SC, Hsia TC, Yang ST, Hsu WH, Chung JG. Bufalin alters gene expressions associated DNA damage, cell cycle, and apoptosis in human lung cancer NCI-H460 cells in vitro. Molecules 2014; 19:6047-57. [PMID: 24828377 PMCID: PMC6271037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death and there is no effective treatment to date. Bufalin has been shown effective in inducing apoptosis and DNA damage in lung cancer cells. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying these actions have not been elucidated yet. Cultured NCI-H460 cells were treated with or without 2 μM of bufalin for 24 h. The total RNA was extracted from each treatment for cDNA synthesis and labeling, microarray hybridization, and then followed by flour-labeled cDNA hybridized on chip. The localized concentrations of fluorescent molecules were detected and quantitated and analyzed by Expression Console software (Affymetrix) with default RMA parameters. The key genes involved and their possible interaction pathways were mapped by GeneGo software. About 165 apoptosis-related genes were affected. CASP9 was up-regulated by 5.51 fold and THAP1 by 2.75-fold while CCAR1 was down-regulated by 2.24 fold. 107 genes related to DNA damage/repair were affected. MDC1 was down-regulated by 2.22-fold, DDIT4 by 2.52 fold while GADD45B up-regulated by 3.72 fold. 201 genes related to cell cycles were affected. CCPG1 was down-regulated by 2.11 fold and CDCA7L by 2.71 fold. Many genes about apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and DNA repair are changed significantly following bufalin treatment in NCI-H460 cells. These changes provide an in depth understanding of cytotoxic mechanism of bufalin in genetic level and also offer many potentially useful biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hwar Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Chyum Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botany and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Hwa Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Gradualted Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Su-Tso Yang
- Department of Radiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Huei Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hsia TC, Yu CC, Hsu SC, Tang NY, Lu HF, Huang YP, Wu SH, Lin JG, Chung JG. Cantharidin induces apoptosis of H460 human lung cancer cells through mitochondria-dependent pathways. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:245-54. [PMID: 24818581 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in cancer-related diseases. Cantharidin (CTD) is one of the components of natural mylabris (Mylabris phalerata Pallas). Numerous studies have shown that CTD induced cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. However, there is no report to demonstrate that CTD induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. Herein, we investigated the effect of CTD on the cell death via the induction of apoptosis in H460 human lung cancer cells. Flow cytometry assay was used for examining the percentage of cell viability, sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca²⁺ productions and the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm). Annexin V/PI staining and DNA gel electrophoresis were also used for examining cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to examine the changes of apoptosis associated protein expression and confocal microscopy for examining the translocation apoptosis associated protein. Results indicated that CTD significantly induced cell morphological changes and decreased the percentage of viable H460 cells. CTD induced apoptosis based on the occurrence of sub-G1 phase and DNA fragmentation. We found that CTD increased gene expression (mRNA) of caspase-3 and -8. Moreover, CTD increased ROS and Ca2+ production and decreased the levels of ∆Ψm. Western blot analysis results showed that CTD increased the expression of cleavage caspase-3 and -8, cytochrome c, Bax and AIF but inhibited the levels of Bcl-xL. CTD promoted ER stress associated protein expression such as GRP78, IRE1α, IRE1β, ATF6α and caspase-4 and it also promoted the expression of calpain 2 and XBP-1, but inhibited calpain 1 that is associated with apoptosis pathways. Based on those observations, we suggest that CTD may be used as a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of lung cancer in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chun Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chih Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nou-Ying Tang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shin-Hwar Wu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lin JJ, Lin JH, Hsu SC, Weng SW, Huang YP, Tang NY, Lin JG, Chung JG. Alpha-phellandrene promotes immune responses in normal mice through enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and natural killer cell activities. In Vivo 2013; 27:809-814. [PMID: 24292586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
α-Phellandrene, a natural compound from natural plants, has been used in the food and perfume industry. We investigated the effects of α-phellandrene on the immune responses on normal murine cells in vivo. Normal BALB/c mice were treated orally with or without α-phellandrene at 0, 1, 5 and 25 mg/kg and olive oil as a positive control for two weeks. Results indicated that α-phellandrene did not change the weight of animals when compared to olive oil (vehicle for α-phellandrene)-treated groups. After flow cytometric assay of blood samples it was shown that α-phellandrene increased the percentage of CD3 (T-cell marker), CD11b (monocytes) and MAC3 (macrophages), but reduced the percentage of CD19 (B-cell marker) cell surface markers in α-phellandrene-treated groups, compared to untreated groups. α-Phellandrene promoted the phagocytosis of macrophages from blood samples at 5 and 25 mg/kg treatment and promoted natural killer cell activity from splenocytes at 25 mg/kg. Furthermore, α-phellandrene increased B-cell proliferation at 25 mg/kg with or without stimulation but promoted cell proliferation only at 25 mg/kg treatment with stimulation. Based on these observations, 25 mg/kg with α-phellandrene seems to have promoted immune responses in this murine model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Jyh Lin
- China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan. Tel: +886 422053366 ext. 2161,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wu KC, Yang ST, Hsu SC, Chiang JH, Hsia TC, Yang JS, Liu KC, Wu RSC, Chung JG. Propofol induces DNA damage in mouse leukemic monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2304-10. [PMID: 24008596 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol is one of the most widely clinically used intravenous anesthetic, and it induces apoptosis in human and murine leukemia cell lines. Yet, whether propofol causes DNA damage and affects the mRNA expression of repair-associated genes in cancer cells remains undetermined. In the present study, we investigated the effects of propofol on DNA damage and associated mRNA gene expression in RAW264.7 cells. Comet assay and DNA gel electrophoresis were used to evaluate DNA damage in RAW264.7 cells and propofol-inhibited cell growth in vitro. The results revealed a longer DNA tail and DNA fragmentation. Real-time PCR assay was used to examine mRNA gene expression of DNA damage and DNA repair-associated genes. Following exposure to propofol for 48 h, a decrease in the mRNA expression of DNA-PK, BRCA1, MGMT and p53 was noted in the RAW264.7 cells. Results from the western blotting indicated that p53, MGMT, 14-3-3-σ, BRCA1 and MDC1 proteins were decreased while p-p53 and p-H2A.X(S140) were increased in the RAW264.7 cells following exposure to propofol. In conclusion, exposure to propofol caused DNA damage and inhibited mRNA expression and protein levels of repair-associated genes in RAW264.7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- King-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-DA Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hsu SC, Lin JH, Weng SW, Chueh FS, Yu CC, Lu KW, Wood WG, Chung JG. Crude extract of Rheum palmatum inhibits migration and invasion of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells by suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomed.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
30
|
Ni WY, Hsiao YP, Hsu SC, Hsueh SC, Chang CH, Ji BC, Yang JS, Lu HF, Chung JG. Oral administration of benzyl-isothiocyanate inhibits in vivo growth of subcutaneous xenograft tumors of human malignant melanoma A375.S2 cells. In Vivo 2013; 27:623-626. [PMID: 23988897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A number of experiments have demonstrated that benzyl-isothiocyanate (BITC) induces cytotoxic cell death through the induction of apoptosis in various human cancer cell lines. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BITC on the growth of A375.S2 cell xenograft tumors in nude BALB/c mice in vivo. The A375.S2 cancer cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the lower flanks of each nude mouse. After cancer cell inoculation, all animals were maintained in the animal room for seven days and all mice produced one palpable tumor. Animals were randomly divided into two groups, each mouse was individually given intraperitoneal injections of BITC (20 mg/kg) or not (control). Results from the in vivo experiments indicated that BITC did not significantly affect the body weight of nude BALB/c mice bearing xenograft A375.S2 cell tumors but did significantly decrease the tumor weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ya Ni
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, NanKai University of Technology, Nan-Tou County, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lai KC, Hsu SC, Kuo CL, Yang JS, Ma CY, Lu HF, Tang NY, Hsia TC, Ho HC, Chung JG. Diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl trisulfide inhibit migration and invasion in human colon cancer colo 205 cells through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -7, and -9 expressions. Environ Toxicol 2013; 28:479-88. [PMID: 21695758 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) are major organosulfur compounds exiting in garlic (Allium sativum). These compounds are reported to exhibit various pharmacological properties such as antibacteria, antiangiogenesis, anticancer, and anticoagulation, and they also induce cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells. Although these compounds show wide spectrum of biological activities, there are no reports to show that DAS, DADS, and DATS affected migration and invasion of human colon cancer cells, and their exact molecular mechanisms are not well investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether DAS, DADS, and DATS affected the invasion and migration abilities of colo 205 human colon cancer cells. The results indicate that DAS, DADS, and DATS at 10 and 25 μM inhibited the migration and invasion of colo 205 cells in the order of DATS < DADS < DAS. DATS is the highest for inhibition of migration and invasion of colo 205 cells. DAS, DADS, and DATS induce downregulation expression of PI3K, Ras, MEKK3, MKK7, ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 and then lead to the inhibition of MMP-2, -7, and -9. DAS, DADS, and DATS inhibited NF-κB and COX-2 for leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation. Taken together, these results demonstrated that application of DAS, DADS, and DATS might serve as potential antimetastatic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 651, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Huang AC, Cheng HY, Lin TS, Chen WH, Lin JH, Lin JJ, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Hsu SC, Wu PP, Huang YP, Chung JG. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), influences a murine WEHI-3 leukemia model in vivo through enhancing phagocytosis of macrophages and populations of T- and B-cells. In Vivo 2013; 27:627-634. [PMID: 23988898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the major polyphenol in green tea, and has been reported to have anticancer effects on many types of cancer cells. However, there is no report to show its effects on the immune response in a murine leukemia mouse model. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the effects of EGCG on the immune responses of murine WEHI-3 leukemia cells in vivo. WEHI-3 cells were intraperitoneally injected into normal BALB/c mice to establish leukemic BALB/c mice, which were then oral-treated with or without EGCG at 5, 20 and 40 mg/kg for two weeks. The results indicated that EGCG did not change the weight of the animals, nor the liver or spleen when compared to vehicle (olive oil) -treated groups. Furthermore, EGCG increased the percentage of cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) (T-cell), cluster of differentiation 19 (CD19) (B-cell) and Macrophage-3 antigen (Mac-3) (macrophage) but reduced the percentage of CD11b (monocyte) cell surface markers in EGCG-treated groups as compared with the untreated leukemia group. EGCG promoted the phagocytosis of macrophages from 5 mg/kg treatment and promoted natural killer cell activity at 40 mg/kg, increased T-cell proliferation at 40 mg/kg but promoted B-cell proliferation at all three doses. Based on these observations, it appears that EGCG might exhibit an immune response in the murine WEHI-3 cell line-induced leukemia in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Merritt EC, Moser AL, Hsu SC, Loverich J, Gilmore M. Experimental characterization of the stagnation layer between two obliquely merging supersonic plasma jets. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:085003. [PMID: 24010448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.085003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present spatially resolved measurements characterizing the stagnation layer between two obliquely merging supersonic plasma jets. Intrajet collisionality is very high, but the interjet ion-ion mean free path is of the order of the stagnation layer thickness of a few centimeters. Fast-framing camera images show a double-peaked emission profile transverse to the stagnation layer, with the central emission dip consistent with a density dip in the interferometer data. We demonstrate that our observations are consistent with collisional oblique shocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E C Merritt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Raub CB, Hsu SC, Chan EF, Shirazi R, Chen AC, Chnari E, Semler EJ, Sah RL. Microstructural remodeling of articular cartilage following defect repair by osteochondral autograft transfer. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:860-8. [PMID: 23528954 PMCID: PMC3684698 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess collagen network alterations occurring with flow and other abnormalities of articular cartilage at medial femoral condyle (MFC) sites repaired with osteochondral autograft (OATS) after 6 and 12 months, using quantitative polarized light microscopy (qPLM) and other histopathological methods. DESIGN The collagen network structure of articular cartilage of OATS-repaired defects and non-operated contralateral control sites were compared by qPLM analysis of parallelism index (PI), orientation angle (α) relative to the local tissue axes, and retardance (Γ) as a function of depth. qPLM parameter maps were also compared to ICRS and Modified O'Driscoll grades, and cell and matrix sub-scores, for sections stained with H&E and Safranin-O, and for Collagen-I and II. RESULTS Relative to non-operated normal cartilage, OATS-repaired regions exhibited structural deterioration, with low PI and more horizontal α, and unique structural alteration in adjacent host cartilage: more aligned superficial zone, and reoriented deep zone lateral to the graft, and matrix disorganization in cartilage overhanging the graft. Shifts in α and PI from normal site-specific values were correlated with histochemical abnormalities and co-localized with changes in cell organization/orientation, cloning, or loss, indicative of cartilage flow, remodeling, and deterioration, respectively. CONCLUSIONS qPLM reveals a number of unique localized alterations of the collagen network in both adjacent host and implanted cartilage in OATS-repaired defects, associated with abnormal chondrocyte organization. These alterations are consistent with mechanobiological processes and the direction and magnitude of cartilage strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- CB Raub
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - SC Hsu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - EF Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - R Shirazi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - AC Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - E Chnari
- Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, NJ
| | - EJ Semler
- Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, NJ
| | - RL Sah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lai WW, Hsu SC, Chueh FS, Chen YY, Yang JS, Lin JP, Lien JC, Tsai CH, Chung JG. Quercetin inhibits migration and invasion of SAS human oral cancer cells through inhibition of NF-κB and matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 signaling pathways. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:1941-1950. [PMID: 23645742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a principal flavanoid compound in onions, has been shown to possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including anticancer activities. Our earlier study showed that quercetin induced cytotoxic effects on SAS human oral cancer cells. In this study, we found that quercetin significantly reduced wound closure of SAS cells in culture plates after 12- and 24-h treatments. Results indicated that quercetin inhibited the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, as measured by western blotting and gelatin zymography. The results from western blotting also showed that quercetin reduced the protein levels of MMP-2, -7, -9 and -10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65, inductible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), phosphatidylinositide-3 kinases (PI3K), nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IKBα), IKB-α/β, phosphorylated nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor kinase, alpha/beta (p-IKKα/β), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), son of sevenless homolog-1 (SOS1), growth factor receptor-bound protein-2 (GRB2), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase-3 (MEKK3), MEKK7, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p-ERK1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2), p38, p-p38, Jun proto-oncogene (c-JUN) and p-c-JUN but it did not affect Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA), Protein kinase C (PKC) and rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS) in SAS cells. Confocal laser microscopy also showed that quercetin promoted the expressions of RhoA and Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase-1 (ROCK1), but inhibited the expression of NF-κB p65 in SAS cells. It is concluded from these data that inhibition of migration and invasion of SAS cells by quercetin is associated with the down-regulation of PKC and RhoA by blocking MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and NF-κB and uPA, resulting in inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Wen Lai
- China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chueh FS, Chen YL, Hsu SC, Yang JS, Hsueh SC, Ji BC, Lu HF, Chung JG. Triptolide induced DNA damage in A375.S2 human malignant melanoma cells is mediated via reduction of DNA repair genes. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:613-8. [PMID: 23233170 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that triptolide induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cancer cell lines. However, triptolide-induced DNA damage and inhibition of DNA repair gene expression in human skin cancer cells has not previously been reported. We sought the effects of triptolide on DNA damage and associated gene expression in A375.S2 human malignant melanoma cells in vitro. Comet assay, DAPI staining and DNA gel electrophoresis were used for examining DNA damage and results indicated that triptolide induced a longer DNA migration smear based on single cell electrophoresis and DNA condensation and damage occurred based on the examination of DAPI straining and DNA gel electrophoresis. The real-time PCR technique was used to examine DNA damage and repair gene expression (mRNA) and results indicated that triptolide led to a decrease in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR), breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA-1), p53, DNA-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase (DNA-PK) and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) mRNA expression. Thus, these observations indicated that triptolide induced DNA damage and inhibited DNA damage and repair-associated gene expression (mRNA) that may be factors for triptolide-mediated inhibition of cell growth in vitro in A375.S2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin Chueh
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Welch DR, Genoni TC, Thoma C, Bruner N, Rose DV, Hsu SC. Simulations of magnetic field generation in unmagnetized plasmas via beat-wave current drive. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:225002. [PMID: 23368130 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.225002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the scientific basis and associated simulation results for the magnetization of an unmagnetized plasma via beat-wave current drive. Two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations have been performed for a variety of angles between the injected waves to demonstrate beat-wave generation in agreement with theoretical predictions of the beat-wave wave vector and saturation time, revealing new 2D effects. The simulations clearly demonstrate electron acceleration by the beat waves and resultant current drive and magnetic field generation. The basic process depends entirely on the angle between the parent waves and the ratio of the beat-wave phase velocity to the electron thermal velocity. The wave to magnetic energy conversion efficiency of the cases examined is as high as 0.2%. The technique could enable novel plasma experiments in which the use of magnetic coils is infeasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Welch
- Voss Scientific, LLC, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is widely used in clinical research due to its low toxicity, low number of side effects, and low cost. Many components of common fruits and vegetables play well-documented roles as chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents that suppress tumorigenesis. Anthraquinones are commonly extracted from the Polygonaceae family of plants, e.g., Rheum palmatum and Rheum officinale. Some of the major chemical components of anthraquinone and its derivatives, such as aloe-emodin, danthron, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, and rhein, have demonstrated potential anticancer properties. This review evaluates the pharmacological effects of emodin, a major component of Aloe vera. In particular, emodin demonstrates anti-neoplastic, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, and toxicological potential for use in pharmacology, both in vitro and in vivo. Emodin demonstrates cytotoxic effects (e.g., cell death) through the arrest of the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. The overall molecular mechanisms of emodin include cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and the promotion of the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, glutathione S-transferase P, N-acetyltransferase, and glutathione phase I and II detoxification enzymes while inhibiting angiogenesis, invasion, migration, chemical-induced carcinogen-DNA adduct formation, HER2/neu, CKII kinase, and p34cdc2 kinase in human cancer cells. Hopefully, this summary will provide information regarding the actions of emodin in cancer cells and broaden the application potential of chemotherapy to additional cancer patients in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hsu SC, Yu CC, Yang JS, Lai KC, Wu SH, Lin JJ, Kuo JH, Yang ST, Huang CC, Kuo SC, Chung JG. A novel synthetic 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-methylenedioxoquinolin-4-one arrests the G2/M phase arrest via Cdc25c and induces apoptosis through caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathways in TSGH8301 human bladder cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2011; 40:731-8. [PMID: 22021033 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-methylenedioxoquinolin-4-one (MMEQ) is a novel synthesized compound, and this study investigated the effects of MMEQ on molecular signal pathways of the induction of apoptosis in TSGH8301 human bladder cancer cells. The studies included examining the effects of morphological changes by contrast-phase microscope, the percentage of viable cells, cell cycle distribution mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm), ROS and caspase activities were examined by flow cytometry, apoptotic cells were examined by DAPI staining and the changes of associated apoptosis proteins levels were examined by Western blotting. Release of apoptotic factors from mitochondria was examined by confocal laser microscope. Our results showed that MMEQ caused morphological changes and inhibited the cell growth of TSGH8301 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. MMEQ induced G2/M arrest through the promotion of chk1, chk2 and cdc25c in TSGH8301 cells. MMEQ caused a marked increase in the percentage of DNA damage and apoptosis as characterized by DAPI and DNA fragmentation. The specific inhibitors of caspase-8, -9, and -3 blocked MMEQ-induced growth inhibition action. A remarkable loss of ΔΨm and increase in ROS production were observed after a 24-h treatment. MMEQ promoted the levels of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bax, Bcl-xs, decreased the levels of Bcl-2 and Bid and then led to dysfunction of ΔΨm, following the releases of cytochrome c, AIF and Endo G from mitochondria to cytosol and nuclei, and finally caused cell apoptosis. In conclusions, these molecular mechanisms provide insight into MMEQ-caused growth inhibition, G2/M arrest and apoptotic cell death in TSGH8301 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lin CC, Kuo CL, Lee MH, Hsu SC, Huang AC, Tang NY, Lin JP, Yang JS, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Chueh FS, Chung JG. Extract of Hedyotis diffusa Willd influences murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vivo as well as promoting T- and B-cell proliferation in leukemic mice. In Vivo 2011; 25:633-640. [PMID: 21709007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants and herbs are widely used in the treatment of various types of cancer in Taiwan, China and many other countries. Hedyotis diffusa Willd (HDW) has been known as a traditional Chinese medicine for a long time, and possesses various bioactivities and anticancer activity. There is no available information on the effects of HDW extracts in leukemic mice and on immune responses in vivo. In this study, we established murine WEHI-3 leukemia in BALB/c mice and hypothesized that an aqueous HDW extract might have antileukemia effects on leukemic animals in vivo. The major characteristic of leukemic mice was an enlarged spleen after intraperitoneal injection with WEHI-3 cells. HDW extract reduced the weights of spleen and liver, but had no significant effect on body weight in WEHI-3 leukemic mice. HDW extract increased the percentage of CD11b cell surface marker (monocytes), but it reduced the percentage of CD3 (T-cell) and CD19 (B-cell) markers. However, HDW extract did not affect the level of Mac-3 and there was no influence on phagocytosis by macrophages from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the peritoneal cavity in leukemic mice. The isolated splenocytes from HDW extract-treated leukemic mice demonstrated an increase of T- and B-cell proliferation in vivo. Based on these results, HDW extract would appear to have antileukemia activity in WEHI-3 cell-induced leukemia in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chung Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Fong-Yuan Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taichung 420, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Weng CT, Chung TJ, Liu MF, Weng MY, Lee CH, Chen JY, Wu AB, Lin BW, Luo CY, Hsu SC, Lee BF, Tsai HM, Chao SC, Wang JY, Chen TY, Chen CW, Chang HY, Wang CR. A retrospective study of pulmonary infarction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from southern Taiwan. Lupus 2011; 20:876-85. [PMID: 21693494 DOI: 10.1177/0961203311401458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Since large-scale reports of pulmonary infarction in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are limited, a retrospective study was performed for this manifestation in 773 hospitalized patients in southern Taiwan from 1999 to 2009. Pulmonary infarction was defined as the presence of pulmonary embolism, persistent pulmonary infiltrates, and characteristic clinical symptoms. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological images data were analyzed. There were 12 patients with pulmonary embolism and 9 of them had antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Six patients (19 to 53 years, average 38.2 ± 12.6) with 9 episodes of lung infarction were identified. All cases were APS and four episodes had coincidental venous thromboembolism. There were four episodes of bilateral infarction and seven episodes of larger central pulmonary artery embolism. Heparin therapy was routinely prescribed and thrombolytic agents were added in two episodes. Successful recovery was noted in all patients. In conclusion, there was a 0.8% incidence of pulmonary infarction in patients with SLE, all with the risk factor of APS. Differentiation between pulmonary infarction and pneumonia in lupus patients should be made; they have similar chest radiography with lung consolidation but require a different clinical approach in management. Although this report is a retrospective study with relatively small numbers of lupus patients with lung infarcts, our observation might provide beneficial information on the clinical features and radiological presentations during the disease evolution of pulmonary infarction in SLE with APS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- CT Weng
- Section of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and Dou-Liou Branch, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - TJ Chung
- Department of Radiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - MF Liu
- Section of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and Dou-Liou Branch, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - MY Weng
- Section of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and Dou-Liou Branch, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - CH Lee
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - JY Chen
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - AB Wu
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - BW Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - CY Luo
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - SC Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - BF Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - HM Tsai
- Department of Radiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - SC Chao
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - JY Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - TY Chen
- Section of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - CW Chen
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - HY Chang
- Section of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| | - CR Wang
- Section of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and Dou-Liou Branch, Tainan, Taiwan–Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee CF, Hsu SC, Chan KC, Nurnabi M, Lee CC, Wu JY, Lai LL, Lu KL. Self-adaptation of a conformationally flexible yet restricted “piperazine-pyrazine” building block toward the design of coordination polymers. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ce00703j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
43
|
Lu HF, Chen YL, Yang JS, Yang YY, Liu JY, Hsu SC, Lai KC, Chung JG. Antitumor activity of capsaicin on human colon cancer cells in vitro and colo 205 tumor xenografts in vivo. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:12999-13005. [PMID: 21082859 DOI: 10.1021/jf103335w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin was reported to inhibit cancer cell growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor potential of capsaicin by studying antitumor activity in vitro as well as in vivo. The in vitro studies are to examine the effects of capsaicin on human colon cancer colo 205 cells after exposure to capsaicin. The results showed that capsaicin induced cytotoxic effects in a time- and dose-dependent manner and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) but decreased the level of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)) in colo 205 cells. Data from Western blotting analysis indicated that the levels of Fas, cytochrome c, and caspases were increased, leading to cell apoptosis. Capsaicin decreased the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and increased the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax. Capsaicin-induced apoptosis in colo 205 cells was also done through the activations of caspase-8, -9 and -3. In vivo studies in immunodeficient nu/nu mice bearing colo 205 tumor xenografts showed that capsaicin effectively inhibited tumor growth. The potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of capsaicin suggest that capsaicin might be developed for the treatment of human colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lai KC, Hsu SC, Kuo CL, Ip SW, Yang JS, Hsu YM, Huang HY, Wu SH, Chung JG. Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibited tumor migration and invasion via suppressing multiple signal transduction pathways in human colon cancer HT29 cells. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:11148-11155. [PMID: 20863062 DOI: 10.1021/jf102384n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), one of the major compounds from dietary cruciferous vegetables, has been found to have antitumor properties and therefore could generate special interest for the development of chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic agent for human cancers. In the primary studies, we found that PEITC induced cytotoxic effect (decreased the percentage of viable cells) in human colon cancer HT29 cells. Here, in this study, we are the first to report the antimetastatic effect of PEITC in HT29 human colon cancer cells. The results show that PEITC exhibited an inhibitory effect on the abilities of adhesion, migration, and invasion by Boyden chamber assay. Western blotting examination indicated that PEITC exerted an inhibitory effect on the SOS-1, PKC, ERK1/2 and Rho A for causing the inhibitions of MMP-2 and -9 then followed by the inhibition of invasion and migration of HT29 cells in vitro. PEITC also affected Ras, FAK, PI3K or inhibited GRB2, NF-κB, iNOS and COX-2 for causing the inhibition of cell proliferation in HT29 cells. Real-time PCR also showed that PEITC inhibited the gene expressions of MMP-2, -7, -9, FAK and Rho A after PEITC treatment for 48 h in HT29 cells. PEITC also inhibited the activities of AKT, ERK, JNK and PKC. Our results provide a new insight into the mechanisms and functions of PEITC which inhibit migration and invasion of HT29 human colon cancer cells. These results suggest that molecular targeting of NF-κB led to the inhibition of MMP-2, -7, and -9 and it might be a useful strategy for the inhibition of migration and invasion on human colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lai KC, Hsu SC, Yang JS, Kuo CL, Ip SW, Lai TY, Lin SY, Huang CC, Kuo SC, Gibson Wood W, Chung JG. 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-6, 7-methylenedioxoquinolin-4-one, a novel synthetic compound, inhibited migration and invasion in TSGH8301 human bladder cancer cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:1045-52. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327110386257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of cancer cells. Many agents have been shown to inhibit the cancer cell migration and invasion by suppression of MMPs. 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-6,7-methylenedioxoquinolin-4-one (MMEQ) is a derivative compound synthesized from quinolin and the purpose of this study is to determine whether or not cell migration would be reduced in human bladder cancer TSGH8301 cells after MMEQ treatment. Wound healing assay and boyden chamber assay were used in cell migration and invasion determinations. Cell migration and invasion inhibited by MMEQ exerted an inhibitory effect on the sevenless homolog-1 (SOS-1), protein kinase c (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Rho A for causing the inhibitions of MMP-2 and -9, and then followed by the inhibitions of invasion and migration. MMEQ also affected FAK, PI3K or inhibited growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) for cell proliferation inhibition. Therefore, MMEQ may serve as a drug in the prevention of tumor metastasis of bladder cancer in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- School of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Siu-Wan Ip
- School of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yuan Lai
- School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shuw-Yuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Sha Lu, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Che Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W. Gibson Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lynn AG, Merritt E, Gilmore M, Hsu SC, Witherspoon FD, Cassibry JT. Diagnostics for the plasma liner experiment. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10E115. [PMID: 21033980 DOI: 10.1063/1.3478116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the Plasma Liner Experiment (PLX) is to explore and demonstrate the feasibility of forming imploding spherical "plasma liners" via merging high Mach number plasma jets to reach peak liner pressures of ∼0.1 Mbar using ∼1.5 MJ of initial stored energy. Such a system would provide HED plasmas for a variety of fundamental HEDLP, laboratory astrophysics, and materials science studies, as well as a platform for experimental validation of rad-hydro and rad-MHD simulations. It could also prove attractive as a potential standoff driver for magnetoinertial fusion. Predicted parameters from jet formation to liner stagnation cover a large range of plasma density and temperature, varying from n(i)∼10(16) cm(-3), T(e)≈T(i)∼1 eV at the plasma gun mouth to n(i)>10(19) cm(-3), T(e)≈T(i)∼0.5 keV at stagnation. This presents a challenging problem for the plasma diagnostics suite which will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Lynn
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yang MD, Lai KC, Lai TY, Hsu SC, Kuo CL, Yu CS, Lin ML, Yang JS, Kuo HM, Wu SH, Chung JG. Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits migration and invasion of human gastric cancer AGS cells through suppressing MAPK and NF-kappaB signal pathways. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:2135-2143. [PMID: 20651362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell motility involves metastasis suppressors and other regulators that play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), found in dietary cruciferous vegetables, has been found to exhibit antitumor properties and therefore is of special interest for the development of chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent for human cancers. Here, we report that in addition to its function as an anticancer agent, and PEITC can inhibit migration and invasion through the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase C (PKC) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathways in human gastric cells. The results from wound healing and Boyden chamber assays (migration and invasion) assay indicated that PEITC exhibited an inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of AGS cells. Results from Western blotting examination demonstrated that PEITC exerted an inhibitory effect on the ERK1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7), MAP kinase kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3), son of sevenless 1 (SOS1), PKC, Ras homolog gene family, member A (Rho A) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), causing the inhibition of matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2) and -9 then followed by the inhibition of invasion and migration of GAS cells in vitro. PEITC also inhibited Ras, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), causing inhibition of cell proliferation of AGS cells. Results from real-time PCR showed that PEITC inhibited the gene expressions of MMP-2, -7 and -9, FAK and RhoA after PEITC treatment for 24 and 48 h of AGS cells. Taken together, these findings may provide insight into a new mechanisms and functions of PEITC in migration and invasion of human gastric cancer AGS cells. Our data imply that molecular targeting of PKC leading to the inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 might be a useful strategy for the inhibition of migration and invasion of human gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Due Yang
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ho CC, Lai KC, Hsu SC, Kuo CL, Ma CY, Lin ML, Yang JS, Chung JG. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) inhibits migration and invasion of human gastric cancer AGS cells via suppressing ERK signal pathways. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:296-306. [PMID: 20498032 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110371991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis suppressors and associated other regulators of cell motility play a critical initial role in tumor invasion and metastases. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a hydrolysis compound of glucotropaeolin in dietary cruciferous vegetables. BITC has been found to exhibit prevention of cancers in laboratory animals and might also be chemoprotective in humans. Here, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BITC on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways of AGS human gastric cancer cells. Wound healing and Boyden chamber (migration and invasion) assays demonstrated that BITC exhibited an inhibitory effect on the abilities of migration and invasion in AGS cancer cells. BITC suppressed cell migration and invasion of AGS cells in a dose-dependent manner. Results from Western blotting indicated that BITC exerted an inhibitory effect on the ERK1/2, Ras, GRB2, Rho A, iNOS, COX-2 for causing the inhibitions of MMP-2, -7 and -9 then followed by the inhibitions of invasion and migration of AGS cells in vitro. BITC also promoted MKK7, MEKK3, c-jun, JNK1/2, VEGF, Sos1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), PKC, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65 in AGS cells. Results from real-time polymerized chain reaction (PCR) showed that BITC inhibited the gene expressions of MMP-2,-7 -9, FAK, ROCK1 and RhoA after BITC treatment for 24 and 48 hours in AGS cells. Taken together, the finding may provide new mechanisms and functions of BITC, which inhibit migration and invasion of human gastric cancer AGS cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chin Ho
- Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lin HJ, Su CC, Lu HF, Yang JS, Hsu SC, Ip SW, Wu JJ, Li YC, Ho CC, Wu CC, Chung JG. Curcumin blocks migration and invasion of mouse-rat hybrid retina ganglion cells (N18) through the inhibition of MMP-2, -9, FAK, Rho A and Rock-1 gene expression. Oncol Rep 2010. [PMID: 20127004 DOI: 10.3892/or_00000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis involves multiple processes which may complicate clinical management and even lead to death. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in cancer cell invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, depending on whether agents can inhibit MMPs which could lead to inhibition of the migration and invasion of cancer cells. Curcumin, the active constituent of the dietary spice turmeric, has potential for the prevention and therapy of cancer. However, there is no study to address the effects of curcumin on migration and invasion of mouse-rat hybrid retina ganglion cells (N18). This is the first study to explore the anti-migration and -invasion of curcumin in mouse-rat hybrid retina ganglion cells (N18) in vitro. Curcumin exerted a dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effect on the invasion and migration of N18 cells in vitro. Results from Western blotting showed that curcumin inhibited the protein levels of PKC, FAK, NF-kappaB p65 and Rho A leading to the inhibition of ERK1/2, MKK7, COX-2 and ROCK1, respectively, finally causing the inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 for the inhibition of migration and invasion of N18 cells. Moreover, this action was involved in the inhibition of gene expression of MMP-2 and -7, FAK, ROCK1 and Rho A. Overall, the above data show that the anticancer effect of curcumin also exists for the inhibition of migration and invasion in N18 cells, and that curcumin may be a powerful candidate for developing preventive agents for cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lai KC, Huang AC, Hsu SC, Kuo CL, Yang JS, Wu SH, Chung JG. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) inhibits migration and invasion of human colon cancer HT29 cells by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 and urokinase plasminogen (uPA) through PKC and MAPK signaling pathway. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:2935-2942. [PMID: 20136087 DOI: 10.1021/jf9036694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a component of dietary cruciferous vegetables, has antioxidant and anticancer properties. In this study, we show for the first time the antimetastatic effects of BITC in human colon cancer HT29 cells. BITC had an inhibitory effect on cell migration and invasion. Protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and urokinase-plasminogen activator (u-PA) were reduced by BITC in a concentration-dependent manner. BITC also exerted an inhibitory effect on phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 and 2 (JNK1/2), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C (PKC) that are upstream of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB). BITC inhibited DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB. Moreover, BITC decreased the levels of c-Fos, c-Jun, Ras, FAK, PI3K and GRB2 in HT29 cells. Reductions in the enzyme activity, protein and mRNA (mRNA) levels of MMP-2 were observed in BITC-treated HT29 cells. BITC also inhibited mRNA levels of MMP-2, -7, and -9 in HT29 cells. Results from zymography showed that BITC treatment decreased MMP-2 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. BITC inhibited PKCdelta activity in HT29 cells. Furthermore, inhibitors specific for JNK (SP600125) reduced expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and u-PA. These results demonstrated that BITC could alter HT29 cell metastasis by reduction of MMP-2, MMP-9, and u-PA expression through the suppression of a PKC, MAPK signaling pathway and inhibition of NF-kappaB levels. These findings suggest that BITC has potential as an antimetastatic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|