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Liang TY, Lu LH, Tang SY, Zheng ZH, Shi K, Liu JQ. Current status and prospects of basic research and clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:150-164. [PMID: 37180997 PMCID: PMC10173811 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and clinically devastating disease that causes respiratory failure. Morbidity and mortality of patients in intensive care units are stubbornly high, and various complications severely affect the quality of life of survivors. The pathophysiology of ARDS includes increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, an influx of protein-rich pulmonary edema fluid, and surfactant dysfunction leading to severe hypoxemia. At present, the main treatment for ARDS is mechanical treatment combined with diuretics to reduce pulmonary edema, which primarily improves symptoms, but the prognosis of patients with ARDS is still very poor. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that possess the capacity to self-renew and also exhibit multilineage differentiation. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues, such as the umbilical cord, endometrial polyps, menstrual blood, bone marrow, and adipose tissues. Studies have confirmed the critical healing and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Recently, the potential of stem cells in treating ARDS has been explored via basic research and clinical trials. The efficacy of MSCs has been shown in a variety of in vivo models of ARDS, reducing bacterial pneumonia and ischemia-reperfusion injury while promoting the repair of ventilator-induced lung injury. This article reviews the current basic research findings and clinical applications of MSCs in the treatment of ARDS in order to emphasize the clinical prospects of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Liang
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Hai Lu
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Si-Yu Tang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zi-Hao Zheng
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Quan Liu
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Potter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S. Euclid, Campus Box 8233, St Louis, MO, 63103, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Y Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S. Euclid, Campus Box 8233, St Louis, MO, 63103, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, One Brookings Drive, Whitaker Hall, Campus Box 1097, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
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Bi X, Zhang Q, Fan K, Tang S, Guan H, Gao X, Cui Y, Ma Y, Wu Q, Hao Y, Ning N, Liu C. Risk Culture and COVID-19 Protective Behaviors: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Residents in China. Front Public Health 2021; 9:686705. [PMID: 34790640 PMCID: PMC8592257 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.686705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread across the world. However, our understanding of the public responses, in particular in adopting protective behaviors, has been limited. The current study aimed to determine the level of protective behaviors adopted by the residents in China and its association with their cultural attributes. A national cross-sectional online survey was conducted in mainland China from 4th to 13th August 2020. Protective behaviors were assessed as a summed score (ranging from 0 to 40) measured by ten items. The self-report tendency of study participants toward the four cultural attributes (individualism, egalitarianism, fatalism, hierarchy) was rated on a seven-point Likert scale. A total of 17651 respondents returned a valid questionnaire, representing 47.9% of those who accessed the online survey. Most (89.8%) respondents aged between 18 and 45 years in the age range of and 47.7% were male. High levels of protective behaviors (34.04 ± 5.78) were reported. The respondents had high scores in the cultural attributes of hierarchy (Median = 5) and egalitarianism (Median = 5), compared with low scores in individualism (Median = 1) and fatalism (Median = 1). High levels of protective behaviors were associated a higher tendency toward egalitarianism (AOR = 2.90, 95% CI 2.67–3.15) and hierarchy (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.53–1.81) and a low tendency toward fatalism (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.63–1.97) and individualism (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI 2.41–2.85). The cultural attributes explained 17.3% of the variations in the protective behavioral scores. In conclusion, the adoption of protective behaviors is associated a risk culture characterized by high levels of hierarchy and egalitarianism and low levels of individualism and fatalism. Government actions and communication strategies need to adapt to the cultural characteristics of their target audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Bi
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kaisheng Fan
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - SiYu Tang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - HanWen Guan
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - XueQin Gao
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Cui
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Ma
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - QunHong Wu
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - YanHua Hao
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Ning
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
Objective: In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, the epidemic severities, non-pharmaceutical intervention intensities, individual behavior patterns and vaccination coverage vary with countries in the world. China has experienced a long period without indigenous cases, unfortunately, multi local outbreaks caused by imported cases and other factors have been reported, posing great challenges to COVID-19 prevention and control in China. Thus it is necessary to explore the mechanisms of the re-emerged COVID-19 epidemics and their differences. Methods: Based on susceptible exposed infectious recovered (SEIR) epidemic dynamics model, we developed a set of novel evolution equations which can describe the dynamic processes of integrated influence of interventions, vaccination coverage and individual behavior changes on the re-emergency of COVID-19 epidemic. We developed methods to calculate the optimal intervention intensity and vaccination rate at which the size of susceptible population can be reduced to less than threshold for the re-emergency of COVID-19 epidemic. Results: If strong interventions or super interventions are lifted too early, even a small cause can lead to the re-emergence of COVID-19 epidemic at different degrees. Moreover, the stronger the early control measures lifted are, the more severe the epidemic is. The individual behavior changes for the susceptibility to the epidemic and the enhancement or lifting of prevention and control measures are key factors to influence the incidence the multi outbreaks of COVID-19. The optimist early intervention measures and timely optimization of vaccination can not only prevent the re-emergency of COVID-19 epidemic, but also effectively lower the peak of the first wave of the epidemic and delay its arrival. Conclusion: The study revealed that factors for the re-emergence of COVID-19 epidemics included the intensity and lifting of interventions, the change of individual behavior to the response of the epidemic, external incentives and the transmissibility of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Xiao
- Center for Intersection of Mathematics and Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Q Li
- Center for Intersection of Mathematics and Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - W K Zhou
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710019, China
| | - Z H Peng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - S Y Tang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710019, China
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Sharma A, Walk RE, Tang SY, Eldaya R, Owen PJ, Belavy DL. Variability of T2-Relaxation Times of Healthy Lumbar Intervertebral Discs is More Homogeneous within an Individual Than across Healthy Individuals. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:2160-2165. [PMID: 33033049 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE When one uses T2 relaxometry to classify lumbar intervertebral discs as degenerated, it is unclear whether the normative data should be based on other intervertebral discs from the same individual or from a pool of extraneous controls. This study aimed to explore the extent of intra- versus intersubject variation in the T2 times of healthy intervertebral discs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using prospectively acquired T2-relaxometry data from 606 intervertebral discs in 101 volunteers without back pain (47 men, 54 women) in a narrow age range (25-35 years), we calculated intra- and intersubject variation in T2 times of intervertebral discs graded by 2 neuroradiologists on the Pfirrmann scale. Intrasubject variation of intervertebral discs was assessed relative to other healthy intervertebral discs (Pfirrmann grade, ≤2) in the same individual. Multiple intersubject variability measures were calculated using healthy extraneous references ranging from a single randomly selected intervertebral disc to all healthy extraneous intervertebral discs, without and with segmental stratification. These variability measures were compared for healthy and degenerated (Pfirrmann grade ≥3) intervertebral discs. RESULTS The mean T2 values of healthy (493/606, 81.3%) and degenerated intervertebral discs were 121.1 ± 22.5 ms and 91.5 ± 18.6 ms, respectively (P < .001). The mean intrasubject variability for healthy intervertebral discs was 9.8 ± 10.7 ms, lower than all intersubject variability measures (P < .001), and provided the most pronounced separation for healthy and degenerated intervertebral discs. Among intersubject variability measures, using all segment-matched healthy discs as references provided the lowest variability (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Normative measures based on the T2 times of healthy intervertebral discs from the same individual are likely to provide the most discriminating means of identifying degenerated intervertebral discs on the basis of T2 relaxometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.S., R.E.)
| | - R E Walk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.E.W., S.Y.T.)
| | - S Y Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.E.W., S.Y.T.).,Orthopaedic Surgery (S.Y.T.), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - R Eldaya
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.S., R.E.)
| | - P J Owen
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences (P.J.O., D.L.B.), Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - D L Belavy
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences (P.J.O., D.L.B.), Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Li H, Liu MW, Yang W, Wan LJ, Yan HL, Li JC, Tang SY, Wang YQ. Naringenin induces neuroprotection against homocysteine-induced PC12 cells via the upregulation of superoxide dismutase 1 expression by decreasing miR-224-3p expression. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:421-433. [PMID: 32515177 DOI: 10.23812/20-27-a-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Naringenin is a flavonoid compound with antioxidant effects. It is used to treat oxidative stress-related diseases, but its mechanism is unclear. In this experiment, we explored whether naringenin can increase the expression of superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), reduce the oxidative stress of PC12 cells induced by homocysteine (Hcy), and decrease the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by Hcy by inhibiting the expression of mir-224-3p. Different concentrations of Hcy (1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 mmol/L) was used to analyze effect of homocysteine on PC12 cells. A total of 5 mmol/L Hcy was used to induce the excitatory and neurotoxicity model of PC12 cells in vitro. The cells were divided into normal control, Hcy induction, Hcy + Naringenin (25 μM), Hcy + Naringenin (50 μM), Hcy + Naringenin (75 μM), Hcy + Naringenin (100 μM), and Hcy + Naringenin (150 μM) groups. The relative survival rate and activities of the PC12 cells were determined by the MTT method, and the apoptosis rate of the PC12 cells was determined by using flow cytometry. The Western blot method was used to determine the expressions of SOD1, Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Bcl-2 in the PC12 cells induced by Hcy. The expressions of SOD1 mRNA and miR-224-3p in the Hcy-induced PC12 cells were determined by RT-PCR. Results found that Hcy increased the expression of miR-224-3p in a dose-dependent manner but decreased that of SOD1 mRNA and protein. Hcy also increased oxidative stress in the PC12 cells and the proapoptotic proteins Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9. Furthermore, it decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the activity and survival rate of the HT22 cells, but it increased the apoptosis of the PC12 cells. The treatment of Hcy-induced PC12 cells with different concentrations of naringenin for 24 h decreased the expression of miR-224-3p in a dose-dependent manner and increased the expressions of SOD1 mRNA and protein. The treatment also decreased the oxidative stress in the PC12 cells and the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9; increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl- 2; decreased the apoptosis of the PC12 cells; and increased the PC12 cells.The results suggest that Naringenin can decrease the apoptosis and oxidative stress of PC12 cells induced by Hcy and increase the activities and survival rates of PC12 cells. The mechanism may be related to naringenin decreasing the expression of miR-224-3p in PC12 cells induced by Hcy and increasing the expressions of SOD1 mRNA and protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical, University, Kunming, China
| | - M W Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Wu Hua District, Kunming, China
| | - W Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Wu Hua District, Kunming, China
| | - L J Wan
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical, University, Kunming, China
| | - H L Yan
- Trauma Medical Center, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Wu Hua District, Kunming, China
| | - J C Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Wu Hua District, Kunming, China
| | - S Y Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yunnan Corps Hospital, Armed Police, Biji Town, Xishan District, Kunming, China
| | - Y Q Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Wu Hua District, Kunming, China
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Zhu XH, Peng HS, Jiang YL, Wu SH, Tang SY, Liu YH. [Construction of mouse CCR3 gene RNAi lentivirus vector and its expression on mast cells]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 33:628-634. [PMID: 31327201 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:The aim of this study is to screen the targeting chemokine receptor 3-RNA interference (CCR3-RNAi) lentiviral expression vector, infect mouse mast cells,observe the expression of this gene in mast cells and the interference efficiency of the virus vector.The pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis lays the foundation.Method:Three pairs of CCR3-shRNA sequences were constructed,and three pairs of double-stranded shRNA oligo were inserted into shRNA lentiviral vectors to construct three shRNA lentiviral recombinant plasmids.The recombinant vector and virus-packed auxiliary plasmids were co-transfected into 293T cells to obtain lentiviral plasmids.The lentiviral plasmids were then transfected into mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells in vitro and purified. The expression level of CCR3 mRNA in mast cells was verified by qRT-PCR,and the expression level of CCR3 protein in mast cells was detected by Western Blot.Result: It was confirmed by sequencing that the lentiviral vector of CCR3 shRNA was successfully constructed, transfected into 293T cells and packaged with virus. Finally the high purity PDSO19-PL-CCR3 lentiviral plasmid was obtained with a virus titer of 3.7×10⁸TU/ml.The lentiviral plasmid was used to infect mouse mast cells.RT-PCR and Western Blot detection assay showed that CCR3shRNA reduced the expression of CCR3 gene in mouse mast cells at the level of mRNA and protein.Conclusion: The CCR3 gene RNAi lentivirus expression vector was successfully constructed.It was found that it downregulated the expression level of CCR3 gene mRNA and protein in mouse mast cells,which laid the foundation for further research on its role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
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Tang SY, Hao YL, Zeng X, Chen QM. [The state-of-the-art development in research on oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 53:566-571. [PMID: 30078274 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the effective methods to treat cancer. However, the chemotherapy agents may cause a series of adverse reactions due to the nonselective characteristics that affect not only tumor cells, but also normal cells. Oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy is a common oral complication caused by chemotherapy in clinic. It brings great suffering to the patients and also interferes with the procedure of chemotherapy. Because of its high incidence in patients receiving chemotherapy and the significant influence, there are more researches on oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy which let us have further understanding of it. This review article will introduce the pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical manifestations, assessments, treatment and prevention of oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tang
- Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y L Hao
- Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Zeng
- Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q M Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a post-translational modification of collagen that form spontaneously in the skeletal matrix due to the presence of reducing sugars, such as glucose. The accumulation of AGEs leads to collagen cross-linking, which adversely affects bone quality and has been shown to play a major role in fracture risk. Thus, intervening in the formation and accumulation of AGEs may be a viable means of protecting bone quality. METHODS An in vitro model was used to examine the efficacy of two AGE-inhibitors, aminoguanidine (AG) and pyridoxamine (PM), on ageing human cortical bone. Mid-diaphyseal tibial cortical bone segments were obtained from female cadavers (n = 20, age range: 57 years to 97 years) and randomly subjected to one of four treatments: control; glucose only; glucose and AG; or glucose and PM. Following treatment, each specimen underwent mechanical testing under physiological conditions via reference point indentation, and AGEs were quantified by fluorescence. RESULTS Treatment with AG and PM showed a significant decrease in AGE content versus control groups, as well as a significant decrease in the change in indentation distance, a reliable parameter for analyzing bone strength, via two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that AG and PM prevent AGE formation and subsequent biomechanical degradation in vitro. Modulation of AGEs may help to identify novel therapeutic targets to mitigate bone quality deterioration, especially deterioration due to ageing and in AGE-susceptible populations (e.g. diabetics).Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2018;7:105-110.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Abar
- Department of Biology and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
| | | | - S Y Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Yan QL, Tang SY, Xiao YN. Impact of individual behaviour change on the spread of emerging infectious diseases. Stat Med 2017; 37:948-969. [PMID: 29193194 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human behaviour plays an important role in the spread of emerging infectious diseases, and understanding the influence of behaviour changes on epidemics can be key to improving control efforts. However, how the dynamics of individual behaviour changes affects the development of emerging infectious disease is a key public health issue. To develop different formula for individual behaviour change and introduce how to embed it into a dynamic model of infectious diseases, we choose A/H1N1 and Ebola as typical examples, combined with the epidemic reported cases and media related news reports. Thus, the logistic model with the health belief model is used to determine behaviour decisions through the health belief model constructs. Furthermore, we propose 4 candidate infectious disease models without and with individual behaviour change and use approximate Bayesian computation based on sequential Monte Carlo method for model selection. The main results indicate that the classical compartment model without behaviour change and the model with average rate of behaviour change depicted by an exponential function could fit the observed data best. The results provide a new way on how to choose an infectious disease model to predict the disease prevalence trend or to evaluate the influence of intervention measures on disease control. However, sensitivity analyses indicate that the accumulated number of hospital notifications and deaths could be largely reduced as the rate of behaviour change increases. Therefore, in terms of mitigating emerging infectious diseases, both media publicity focused on how to guide people's behaviour change and positive responses of individuals are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q L Yan
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - S Y Tang
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Y N Xiao
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
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Zhang HF, Liao JL, Ji M, Tang SY, Jin JF, Chen L, Wu LJ. [Effect of simulating leg length inequality on spinal and pelvic posture in the elderly]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 97:3062-3067. [PMID: 29081149 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.39.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To study the effects of simulating leg length inequality on the spine and pelvic posture in standing and walking states and to explore their compensatory laws. Methods: From January to April, a total of 44 healthy volunteers were rasterstereographically examined for spine and pelvis in Institute of Digitized Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University and Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.Volunteers wore uniform shoes, and single 5 mm thick insoles were customized.The simulating leg length inequalities (5-30 mm) were artificially created by increasing insole height.The parameters of 3D body surface parameters and 4D dynamic parameters of the pelvic and spine were measured and statistically analyzed in standing and walking states. Results: In the static standing state, with the increase of the difference of both lower extremities, coronal plane pelvic tilt and sagittal plane pelvic torsion also increased[the maximum value about (10.6±4.3) mm and (3.3±3.5)°], as well as the frontal deviation of the spine [the maximum value about (11.1±17.9) mm]. But the pelvic rotation, vertebral surface rotation angle (rms) and spine sagittal plane deviation were no obvious changes.In the walking state, with the difference between lower extremities increased, the maximum angles of vertebral surface rotation to the left and right and pelvic rotation to the left and right were no obvious changes, but (coronal) spinal maximum offset distance to left and right increased [the maximum value about (9.8±5.1), (10.4±6.9) mm]. Conclusion: The effect of the leg length discrepancy on the pelvic coronal plane and the sagittal plane changes are obvious, but little effect has on the pelvic cross section.The pelvis is compensated by the increase of the inclination of the coronal plane and the sagittal angle at first order.Similarly, the effect on the coronal plane of the spine is more markedly, but the changes of sagittal and cross-section of the spine is less affected, the spine is mainly compensated by the coronal plane bending at second order.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Zhang
- Institute of Digitized Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
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Quan J, Li TK, Pang H, Choi CH, Siu SC, Tang SY, Wat NMS, Woo J, Johnston JM, Leung GM. Diabetes incidence and prevalence in Hong Kong, China during 2006-2014. Diabet Med 2017; 34:902-908. [PMID: 27859570 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate recent secular changes in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes among Hong Kong Chinese adults, and thus show possible future trends for developing mainland China. METHODS Based on a complete census of the public sector health records of 6.4 million people from 2006 to 2014, diabetes cases were ascertained using different methods including the World Health Organization (WHO) 2011 guidelines (HbA1c , fasting plasma glucose and glucose tolerance test), American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2015 guidelines (plus random plasma glucose), and additionally recorded diagnosis codes and medication dispensation. Pre-diabetes was defined using ADA 2015 guidelines. RESULTS We identified 697 201 people with diabetes (54.2% were incident cases); and 1 229 731 people with diabetes or pre-diabetes. In 2014, the overall incidence of diabetes was 9.46 per 1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.38 to 9.54], and overall prevalence was 10.29% (95% CI: 10.27% to 10.32%). Incidence of diabetes decreased significantly from 2007 to 2014 (quadratic trend, P < 0.001). From 2006 to 2014, the prevalence of diabetes increased significantly in both sexes and across all age groups (quadratic trend, P < 0.001). The overall incidence of pre-diabetes in 2014 was 18.88 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 18.76 to 18.99), and the overall prevalence of pre-diabetes was 8.90% (95% CI: 8.87% to 8.92%). CONCLUSIONS Similar to other developed western and Asian populations, diabetes (and pre-diabetes) incidence in Hong Kong Chinese appeared to have stabilized and there have been small declines during the period of observation. Ageing and survivorship will likely drive a continued increase in the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes, albeit with a decelerating growth rate if past trends persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Quan
- Division of Health Economics, Policy and Management, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - T K Li
- Division of Health Economics, Policy and Management, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - H Pang
- Division of Health Economics, Policy and Management, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C H Choi
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S C Siu
- Department of Medicine & Rehabilitation, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - J Woo
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J M Johnston
- Division of Health Economics, Policy and Management, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - G M Leung
- Division of Health Economics, Policy and Management, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Schmidt FN, Zimmermann EA, Campbell GM, Sroga GE, Püschel K, Amling M, Tang SY, Vashishth D, Busse B. Assessment of collagen quality associated with non-enzymatic cross-links in human bone using Fourier-transform infrared imaging. Bone 2017; 97:243-251. [PMID: 28109917 PMCID: PMC5443987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging and many disease conditions, most notably diabetes, are associated with the accumulation of non-enzymatic cross-links in the bone matrix. The non-enzymatic cross-links, also known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs), occur at the collagen tissue level, where they are associated with reduced plasticity and increased fracture risk. In this study, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) imaging was used to detect spectroscopic changes associated with the formation of non-enzymatic cross-links in human bone collagen. Here, the non-enzymatic cross-link profile was investigated in one cohort with an in vitro ribose treatment as well as another cohort with an in vivo bisphosphonate treatment. With FTIR imaging, the two-dimensional (2D) spatial distribution of collagen quality associated with non-enzymatic cross-links was measured through the area ratio of the 1678/1692cm-1 subbands within the amide I peak, termed the non-enzymatic crosslink-ratio (NE-xLR). The NE-xLR increased by 35% in the ribation treatment group in comparison to controls (p<0.005), with interstitial bone tissue being more susceptible to the formation of non-enzymatic cross-links. Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography, fluorescence microscopy, and fluorometric assay confirm a correlation between the non-enzymatic cross-link content and the NE-xLR ratio in the control and ribated groups. High resolution FTIR imaging of the 2D bone microstructure revealed enhanced accumulation of non-enzymatic cross-links in bone regions with higher tissue age (i.e., interstitial bone). This non-enzymatic cross-link ratio (NE-xLR) enables researchers to study not only the overall content of AGEs in the bone but also its spatial distribution, which varies with skeletal aging and diabetes mellitus and provides an additional measure of bone's propensity to fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, 22529 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - E A Zimmermann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, 22529 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - G M Campbell
- Institute of Biomechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - G E Sroga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - K Püschel
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University Medical Center, 22529 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - M Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, 22529 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - S Y Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - D Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - B Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, 22529 Hamburg, Germany.
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14
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Tang SY, Li L, Liu Y, Liu AY, Yu MJ, Zhang Y, Liu LZ, Wan YP. [Interaction of DAXX and human papillomavirus type 16 E2 protein]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2014; 48:682-686. [PMID: 25842852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the interactions of human papilloma virus 16 (HPV16) E2 protein and Daxx. The location or co-localization of PML and E2 with Daxx in Caski cells was observed by indirect immunofluorescence test. The interaction of E2 and Daxx was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation, Western-blot and yeast-two hybrid assay. In Caski cells the fluorescence of Daxx or PML was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm or nucleus, respectively, and in the align image their signals did not overlapped. However, when the red signal of HPV16 E2 and the green signal of Daxx in cyto- plasm of Caski cells were merged, the yellow signals appeared. The yeast co-transformed with pGBKT7/Daxx and pGADT7/E2 or pGADT7/E2 TAD can grow onto SD/-Trp-Leu-His and SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade plates. So Daxx wasn't co-located with PML but with HPV16 E2 mainly in the cytoplasm of Caski cells. On the base of the results one can propose that HPV16 E2, in particularly its transcription-activity domain (TAD), interacts with Daxx.
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15
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Carriero A, Zimmermann EA, Paluszny A, Tang SY, Bale H, Busse B, Alliston T, Kazakia G, Ritchie RO, Shefelbine SJ. How tough is brittle bone? Investigating osteogenesis imperfecta in mouse bone. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1392-1401. [PMID: 24420672 PMCID: PMC4477967 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The multiscale hierarchical structure of bone is naturally optimized to resist fractures. In osteogenesis imperfecta, or brittle bone disease, genetic mutations affect the quality and/or quantity of collagen, dramatically increasing bone fracture risk. Here we reveal how the collagen defect results in bone fragility in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta (oim), which has homotrimeric α1(I) collagen. At the molecular level, we attribute the loss in toughness to a decrease in the stabilizing enzymatic cross-links and an increase in nonenzymatic cross-links, which may break prematurely, inhibiting plasticity. At the tissue level, high vascular canal density reduces the stable crack growth, and extensive woven bone limits the crack-deflection toughening during crack growth. This demonstrates how modifications at the bone molecular level have ramifications at larger length scales affecting the overall mechanical integrity of the bone; thus, treatment strategies have to address multiscale properties in order to regain bone toughness. In this regard, findings from the heterozygous oim bone, where defective as well as normal collagen are present, suggest that increasing the quantity of healthy collagen in these bones helps to recover toughness at the multiple length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carriero
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, U.K.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S.A.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, U.S.A
| | - E A Zimmermann
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S.A.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, U.S.A
| | - A Paluszny
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, U.K
| | - S Y Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, U.S.A
| | - H Bale
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S.A.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, U.S.A
| | - B Busse
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S.A.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, U.S.A
| | - T Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, U.S.A
| | - G Kazakia
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, U.S.A
| | - R O Ritchie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S.A.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, U.S.A
| | - S J Shefelbine
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, U.K
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Tang SY, Souza RB, Ries M, Hansma PK, Alliston T, Li X. Local tissue properties of human osteoarthritic cartilage correlate with magnetic resonance T(1) rho relaxation times. J Orthop Res 2011; 29:1312-9. [PMID: 21445940 PMCID: PMC4092115 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the local relationship between T(1ρ) relaxation times and the mechanical behavior of human osteoarthritic articular cartilage using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and local in situ microindentation. Seven human tibial plateaus were obtained from patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty due to severe osteoarthritis (OA). Three to six sites were selected from each sample for visual classification using the ICRS Outerbridge scale (a total of 36 sites). Samples were imaged by MR, and the local distribution of T(1ρ) relaxation times were obtained at these selected sites. The elastic and viscoelastic characteristics of the tissue were quantified nondestructively using dynamic microindentation to measure peak dynamic modulus, energy dissipation, and phase angle. Measured Outerbridge scores, MR T(1ρ) relaxation times, and mechanical properties were highly heterogeneous across each cartilage surface. Site-specific measures of T(1ρ) relaxation times correlated significantly with the phase angle (p < 0.001; R = 0.908), a viscoelastic mechanical behavior of the cartilage. The novel combination of high-resolution MR imaging and microindentation allows the investigation of the local relationship between quantitative MRI and biomechanical properties in highly heterogeneous OA cartilage. These findings suggest that MRI T(1ρ) can provide a functional assessment of articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- SY Tang
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Univ Calif San Francisco
| | - RB Souza
- Radiology, Univ Calif San Francisco
| | - M Ries
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Univ Calif San Francisco
| | | | - T Alliston
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Univ Calif San Francisco
| | - X Li
- Radiology, Univ Calif San Francisco
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17
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Tang SY, Vashishth D. The relative contributions of non-enzymatic glycation and cortical porosity on the fracture toughness of aging bone. J Biomech 2011; 44:330-6. [PMID: 21056419 PMCID: PMC3019296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The risk of fracture increases with age due to the decline of bone mass and bone quality. One of the age-related changes in bone quality occurs through the formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) due to non-enzymatic glycation (NEG). However as a number of other changes including increased porosity occur with age and affect bone fragility, the relative contribution of AGEs on the fracture resistance of aging bone is unknown. Using a high-resolution nonlinear finite element model that incorporate cohesive elements and micro-computed tomography-based 3d meshes, we investigated the contribution of AGEs and cortical porosity on the fracture toughness of human bone. The results show that NEG caused a 52% reduction in propagation fracture toughness (R-curve slope). The combined effects of porosity and AGEs resulted in an 88% reduction in propagation toughness. These findings are consistent with previous experimental results. The model captured the age-related changes in the R-curve toughening by incorporating bone quantity and bone quality changes, and these simulations demonstrate the ability of the cohesive models to account for the irreversible dynamic crack growth processes affected by the changes in post-yield material behavior. By decoupling the matrix-level effects due to NEG and intracortical porosity, we are able to directly determine the effects of NEG on fracture toughness. The outcome of this study suggests that it may be important to include the age-related changes in the material level properties by using finite element analysis towards the prediction of fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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18
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Schaffer S, Gruber J, Ng LF, Fong S, Wong YT, Tang SY, Halliwell B. The effect of dichloroacetate on health- and lifespan in C. elegans. Biogerontology 2010; 12:195-209. [PMID: 21153705 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with increased vulnerability to chronic, degenerative diseases and death. Strategies for promoting healthspan without necessarily affecting lifespan or aging rate have gained much interest. The mitochondrial free radical theory of aging suggests that mitochondria and, in particular, age-dependent mitochondrial decline play a central role in aging, making compounds that affect mitochondrial function a possible strategy for the modulation of healthspan and possibly the aging rate. Here we tested such a "metabolic tuning" approach in nematodes using the mitochondrial modulator dichloroacetate (DCA). We explored DCA as a proof-of-principle compound to alter mitochondrial parameters in wild-type animals and tested whether this approach is suitable for reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and for improving organismal health- and lifespan. In parallel, we addressed the potential problem of operator bias by running both unblinded and blinded lifespan studies. We found that DCA treatment (1) increased ATP levels without elevating oxidative protein damage and (2) reduced ROS production in adult C. elegans. DCA treatment also significantly prolonged nematode health- and lifespan, but did not strongly impact mortality doubling time. Operator blinding resulted in considerably smaller lifespan-extending effects of DCA. Our data illustrate the promise of a "metabolic tuning" intervention strategy, emphasize the importance of mitochondria in nematode aging and highlight operator bias as a potential confounder in lifespan studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schaffer
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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19
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Tang SY, Allen MR, Phipps R, Burr DB, Vashishth D. Changes in non-enzymatic glycation and its association with altered mechanical properties following 1-year treatment with risedronate or alendronate. Osteoporos Int 2009; 20:887-94. [PMID: 18850239 PMCID: PMC2733909 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-008-0754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY One year of high-dose bisphosphonate (BPs) therapy in dogs allowed the increased accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and reduced postyield work-to-fracture of the cortical bone matrix. The increased accumulation of AGEs in these tissues may help explain altered bone matrix quality due to the administration of BPs in animal models INTRODUCTION Non-enzymatic glycation (NEG) is a posttranslational modification of the organic matrix that results in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). In bone, the accumulation of AGEs play an important role in determining fracture resistance, and elevated levels of AGEs have been shown to adversely affect the bone's propensity to brittle fracture. It was thus hypothesized that the suppression of tissue turnover in cortical bone due to the administration of bisphosphonates would cause increased accumulation of AGEs and result in a more brittle bone matrix. METHODS Using a canine animal model (n = 12), we administered daily doses of a saline vehicle (VEH), alendronate (ALN 0.20, 1.00 mg/kg) or risedronate (RIS 0.10, 0.50 mg/kg). After a 1-year treatment, the mechanical properties, intracortical bone turnover, and the degree of nonenzymatic cross-linking of the organic matrix were measured from the tibial cortical bone tissue of these animals. RESULTS There was a significant accumulation of AGEs at high treatment doses (+49 to + 86%; p < 0.001), but not at doses equivalent to those used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, compared to vehicle. Likewise, postyield work-to-fracture of the tissue was significantly reduced at these high doses (-28% to -51%; p < 0.001) compared to VEH. AGE accumulation inversely correlated with postyield work-to-fracture (r (2) = 0.45; p < 0.001), suggesting that increased AGEs may contribute to a more brittle bone matrix. CONCLUSION High doses of bisphosphonates result in the accumulation of AGEs and a reduction in energy absorption of cortical bone. The increased accumulation of AGEs in these tissues may help explain altered bone matrix quality due to the administration of BPs in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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20
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Suzana S, Hanis MY, Tang SY, Ayiesah R, Roslina AM. Changes in Nutritional, Functional Status and Quality of Life of COPD Out-patients after a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme in HUKM: a Pilot Study. Malays J Nutr 2008; 14:151-162. [PMID: 22691772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This quasi-experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of an eight-week multi-disciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation programme in improving nutritional and functional status and quality of life of COPD out patients at Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. A total of 9 COPD outpatients aged 40 years and above (6 men and 3 women) completed at least 50% of 16 sessions of an eight-week pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Their nutritional and functional status and rating of quality of life were measured at baseline (0 day) and after 8 weeks and these were compared to those of the control group matched for age, comprising 13 subjects (11 men and 2 women). Nutritional status was determined using anthropometry, body composition (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) and three-day food record. Assessment of appetite for food was also carried out using the Simplified Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ). Functional status was assessed using the Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire-modified version(PFSDQ-M). The handgrip strength was also measured using handgrip dynamometer. The SF36 questionnaire was used to measure the quality of life of the subjects. There was a reduction in dyspnea (-49.0%, p<0.05) and fatigue (-47.8%, p<0.05) in men after the intervention programme, as compared to their controls (dyspnea -2.9% and fatigue 8.9%). Quality of life in this group was also significantly improved by 31.8% (p<0.05) as compared to their controls (-3.0%,p>0.05). Similar trends were noted for the women, although the difference was not significant. No significant changes were seen in nutritional status assessed by anthropometry, dietary intake and appetite. However, there was a trend of increased nutrient intake and SNAQ score in the intervention group as compared to control. An eight-week pulmonary rehabilitation programme was effective in improving the functional status particularly in men, by reducing dyspnea and fatigue; and also improving their quality of life, but was not effective in changing the nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suzana
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tang SY, Vashishth D. A non-invasive in vitro technique for the three-dimensional quantification of microdamage in trabecular bone. Bone 2007; 40:1259-64. [PMID: 17329178 PMCID: PMC3312747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An accurate analysis and quantification of microdamage is critical to understand how microdamage affects the mechanics and biology of bone fragility. In this study we demonstrate the development and validation of a novel in vitro micro-computed tomography (microCT) method that employs lead-uranyl acetate as a radio-opaque contrast agent for automated quantification of microdamage in trabecular bone. Human trabecular bone cores were extracted from the femoral neck, scanned via microCT, loaded in unconfined compression to a range of apparent strains (0.5% to 2.25%), stained in lead-uranyl acetate, and subsequently re-scanned via microCT. An investigation of the regions containing microdamage using the backscatter mode of a scanning electron microscope (BSEM) showed that the lead-uranyl sulfide complex was an effective contrast agent for microdamage in bone. Damaged volume fraction (DV/BV), as determined by microCT, increased exponentially with respect to applied strains and proportionately to mechanically determined modulus reduction (p<0.001). Furthermore, the formation of microdamage was observed to occur before any apparent stiffness loss, suggesting that the localized tissue yielding occurs prior to the structural yielding of trabecular bone. This non-invasive in vitro technique for the detection of microdamage using microCT may serve as a valuable complement to existing morphometric analyses of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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22
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Fournier N, Pais VA, Sutton MA, Weston KJ, Dragosits U, Tang SY, Aherne J. Parallelisation and application of a multi-layer atmospheric transport model to quantify dispersion and deposition of ammonia over the British Isles. Environ Pollut 2002; 116:95-107. [PMID: 11808558 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An atmospheric transport model, FRAME (Fine Resolution AMmonia Exchange), has been used to model the spatial pattern of ammonia concentrations and deposition over the British Isles for the first time. The model uses a multi-layer approach with diffusion through 33 layers to describe vertical concentration profiles in the atmosphere explicitly. Together with the necessary description of atmospheric reactions with sulphur and oxidised nitrogen, this imposes a major computational requirement, with the model having a run-time of 8.5 days on a mid-range workstation. Improvement in the model run-time was sought by developing a parallel implementation coded in a data-parallel approach using High Performance Fortran. Running the code on a Cray T3E with 128 processors provided a speedup by a factor of 69. The code's portability, its validation with measurements and new maps of its application to the British Isles, are presented. Good agreement is found with measured NH3 concentrations, while wet de-position is underestimated. In addition to model uncertainties, this may be due to an underestimation of the NH3 emissions input data.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fournier
- Department of Meteorology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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Tang SY, Li M, Jin GC. [Applying photocclusion method to study occlusion mechanics on wedge shaped teeth defect with computer assisting]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 2001; 10:214-6. [PMID: 14993993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Study the occlusal force of wedge shaped teeth defect and its relation with the clinical condition. METHODS Use the method of clinical examination and plaster model measurement to decide the parameters of axial gradient degree of the teeth, abrasion index, missing teeth number and so on; Adopt the computer image processing technology and program to analyse the photocclusion sheet, take the date and image information of occlusion force, areas, and occlusal stress of wedge shaped teeth defect. RESULTS The occlusion contact data and graph of wedge-shaped teeth defect had the features of trauma occlusion. 42.97% of them has the larger axial gradient degree, 96.09% of them has abration in different classes, 46.29% missing the front teeth and 57.03% missing the buccal teeth. Occlusal contact force increase took up 78.91% in the wedge shaped teeth defect. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the not uniformly distributed occlusal force produced from the larger axial gradient degree, the defect of dentition, and the abrasion of teeth, may be the important factors which cause wedge shaped teeth defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing University Hospital, Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Herpin TF, Morton GC, Dunn AK, Fillon C, Menard PR, Tang SY, Salvino JM, Labaudinière RF. Synthesis and diversity analysis of lead discovery piperazine-2-carboxamide libraries. Mol Divers 2000; 4:221-32. [PMID: 10849899 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009637817478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A Lead Discovery Library of piperazine-2-carboxamide derivatives was produced for general screening. This paper discloses two novel solid phase synthetic routes used to produce 15,000 single compounds via the Irori directed sorting technique. Computational methods such as reagent clustering and library profiling were used to maximize reagent diversity and optimize pharmacokinetic parameters. The results of a four center pharmacophore analysis revealed the added diversity gained by using two independent synthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Herpin
- Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Research and Development, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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25
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Salvino JM, Mathew R, Kiesow T, Narensingh R, Mason HJ, Dodd A, Groneberg R, Burns CJ, McGeehan G, Kline J, Orton E, Tang SY, Morrisette M, Labaudininiere R. Solid-phase synthesis of an arylsulfone hydroxamate library. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1637-40. [PMID: 10937713 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of an arylsulfone hydroxamate lead optimization library is presented. Biological activity of representative examples is given to demonstrate the value of this approach for lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Salvino
- Rhone Poulenc Rorer, Lead Discovery Department, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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26
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Tang SY, Li HY, Ben ZJ. [A short period observation of viable pulp preservation with combined paste of zinc oxide and metronidazole]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1999; 8:171. [PMID: 15048252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tang
- Department Of Dentistry, Qinghua University Hospital. Beijing 100084, China
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Abstract
The author discusses the need for interpreter services for delivering effective healthcare in a country such as Canada, which is made up of people from diverse ethnocultural and linguistic backgrounds. As well as examining the complexity of allocation decisions and policy implementation, the author proposes policy recommendations for healthcare agencies to set up an integrated system of interpreter services based on cost-effective and equitable use of finite resources and partnership between agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tang
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Abstract
In this paper we examine the notion of human agency in the context of women experiencing a chronic illness. Based on two qualitative studies conducted with Canadian women of Chinese- and Anglo-descent living with diabetes, we unmask the complex power relations inherent in patient-practitioner interactions, and problematize the privileging of healthcare providers as knowers and experts on the patient's body. Specifically, we analyse the meanings that women ascribe to their illness experience. We discuss how women experience the loss of agency in healthcare encounters, how they resist patienthood by reclaiming agency, and how healthcare providers foster agency in their interactions with women. Rather than suggesting that biomedical experts should be 'written out', we propose to rewrite healthcare providers as 'reflexive practitioners' through the construction of transformative knowledge. We argue that praxis-oriented practice, which is based on transformative knowledge, will provide the space for women and healthcare providers to enter into a new dialogue and a relation in which women can sustain a sense of self, and begin the journey of healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tang
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Hsu BH, Orton E, Tang SY, Carlton RA. Application of evaporative light scattering detection to the characterization of combinatorial and parallel synthesis libraries for pharmaceutical drug discovery. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1999; 725:103-12. [PMID: 10226881 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The advent of combinatorial and parallel synthesis methodologies in drug discovery have necessitated the development of analytical techniques which permit high throughput quantitative analysis of mixtures of small organic molecules. High pressure liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection has become the major tool for this task. In this article we briefly review the theory of evaporative light scattering detection and the design of commercial instruments, as well as discuss the operational constraints imposed by the exigency of analyzing en masse the product libraries generated by these new drug discovery methods. The application of evaporative light scattering detection to library analysis is illustrated using examples from our library synthesis program. Complemented by ultraviolet absorbance detection for purity assessment and mass spectrometry for product identification, evaporative light scattering detection is the only technique affording sufficient accuracy and sensitivity for high throughput library analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Hsu
- Spectroscopy Section, Pharmaceutical Discovery Research, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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Abstract
Salmon calcitonin (sCT), a 32-amino-acid peptide, is the active component in many pharmaceuticals used for the management of bone diseases. The degradation pathways of sCT were determined, and the structures of the major degradation products were identified. Aqueous solutions of sCT at pH values of 3, 4, 5, and 6 were degraded, and the major degradation products were detected using reversed phase and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The degradation rate and pathways of sCT are strongly dependent on pH in the pH range between 3 and 6. The major degradation products were isolated by semipreparative HPLC and identified using a variety of spectroscopic and bioanalytical techniques. The results show that sCT can undergo hydrolyses resulting in cleavage of the 1-2 amide bond and deamidation of the Gln14 and Gln20 residues, sulfide exchange that leads to an unusual trisulfide derivative, and dimerization to reducible and nonreducible dimers. The mechanisms for the pathways can be rationalized from known degradation pathways of peptide and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Windisch
- Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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33
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Tang SY, Jiang HM. [Clinical application of inspiring psychological nursing in vaginal delivery]. Zhonghua Hu Li Za Zhi 1997; 32:9-11. [PMID: 9304948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new nursing method named Inspiring Psychological Nursing was initiated and applied to 176 primigravida undergoing vaginal delivery from Jan. to Jun. 1994. 202 primigravida who received general medical care during vaginal delivery from Jan. to Jun. 1993 was served as control group. No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding to age, gestational weeks, times of pregnancy, fetal position and newborn's weight. However significant differences were found regarding the duration of the second stage of labor and incidence of newborn asphyxia. Primigravida in the control group usually delivered after 60 min. and carried a higher incidence of newborn asphyxia, being 6.7%. It's concluded that Inspiring Psychological Nursing could significantly improve pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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He ZJ, Tang SY, Wu QC. [Preoperative anxiety and psychological nursing]. Zhonghua Hu Li Za Zhi 1996; 31:421-3. [PMID: 9295495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Two separate enzymatic assays were developed in order to test the selectivity of inhibitors in cholesterol biosynthesis. One assay detects inhibition of delta 5.7-sterol delta 7-reductase, the enzyme involved in the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol. Delta 5.7-Sterol delta 7-reductase was inhibited by both RPR 101821, a protonated cyclohexylamine, and BM 15.766, a piperazine derivative, with IC50 values of 1 microM. The second assay detects accumulation of any of five intermediates (squalene oxide, squalene dioxide, lanosterol, desmosterol, and 7-dehydrocholesterol) upon inhibition of enzymes catalyzing reactions in the conversion of squalene to cholesterol. In this assay, inhibition data were most accurate when control assays exhibited a conversion of squalene to cholesterol in the order of 50%. The time required to attain 50% conversion of squalene to cholesterol was 6 h. Given a high inhibitor to substrate concentration ratio and the possible values of Ki, kon, and koff for the reaction between enzymes and inhibitor to form enzyme-inhibitor complexes, it was predicted that in the presence of inhibitors, intermediate accumulation could still be observed after 6 h incubation. The experimental results were in agreement with this prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lewis
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology, Rhône Poulenc Rorer Central Research, Collegeville, PA 19426-0107, USA
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Clerc FF, Monégier B, Faucher D, Cuiné F, Pourcet C, Holt JC, Tang SY, Van Dorsselaer A, Becquart J, Vuilhorgne M. Primary structure control of recombinant proteins using high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and microsequencing. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1994; 662:245-59. [PMID: 7719480 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The conformity of two recombinant proteins (a von Willbrand factor fragment and human serum albumin, consisting of respectively 289 and 585 amino acids) has been examined by HPLC combined with mass spectrometry and microsequencing, on both intact material and fragment peptides obtained by proteolytic cleavage. These studies confirmed that the primary structure of the recombinant proteins corresponds to that predicted from their gene, particularly the integrity of their N and C termini, and, in the case of albumin, the agreement between the observed disulfide bond pattern and the published model. Furthermore, the structure of an albumin-related compound could be elucidated. Application of LC-MS for batch-to-batch quality control is also under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Clerc
- Rhône-Poulenc Rorer S.A., Centre de Recherches de Vitry-Alfortville, Vitry sur Seine, France
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Abstract
In a 9-wk feeding trial, juvenile shrimp (Penaeus monodon) were fed semipurified diets containing seven levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg diet) of supplemental thiamin hydrochloride. The dietary thiamin level required for optimal growth in P. monodon was found to be approximately 14 mg/kg diet based on hemolymph (blood) thiamin analysis. The minimum dietary thiamin level that produced substantial shrimp growth was approximately 13 mg/kg diet. Shrimp fed unsupplemented diets (thiamin content of 0.12 mg/kg diet) did not demonstrate specific deficiency signs, except those universal signs such as retarded growth, poor food conversion and low survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Hsu HY, Tang SY, Chang MH. Analysis of duodenal bile acids by high performance liquid chromatography in infants with cholestasis. J Formos Med Assoc 1991; 90:487-92. [PMID: 1680988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-sulfated bile acid levels including cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), five taurine conjugates, and five glycine conjugates in duodenal juice were measured in 50 Chinese infants with cholestasis to test their diagnostic value. All 17 with biliary atresia (BA) cases, 11 out of 26 neonatal hepatitis (NH) cases and one case with paucity of the interlobular bile duct were without detectable bile acids. In those NH patients with detectable bile acids, the major components were conjugated forms of CA and CDCA, which was similar to all 6 cases of the comparison group with other diseases. The minor bile acid components identified in them were glycine conjugated UDCA, free CDCA, free CA, and free and conjugated DCA. Only one patient with NH had taurine conjugated LCA. The mean total duodenal bile acid level in 15 patients with NH was significantly lower than that in the 6 patients of the comparison group. Most patients with NH had a CDCA/CA ratio of less than one, indicating that cholic acid is the predominant form in their bile. Glycine conjugated bile acids were the predominant bile acids present in 11 out of 15 patients with NH and 4 out of 6 of the comparison group patients. The results suggest that the detection of duodenal bile acids by a sensitive HPLC method is of limited value in making a differential diagnosis between BA and NH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, R.O.C
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Jin W, Mahanti SD, Tang SY. Internal stress tensor in constant-pressure molecular dynamics of anisotropic molecular solids. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1989; 39:11928-11931. [PMID: 9948027 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.11928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Tang SY, Jin W, Mahanti SD, Kalia RK. Ferroelastic phase transition and phonons in a diatomic-molecular monolayer. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1989; 39:677-688. [PMID: 9947202 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Abstract
We have obtained cw Rayleigh-Brillouin-gain spectra of SF(6) for both forward and backward scattering geometry with high spectral resolution. The spectral resolution is better than 4 MHz, and a Brillouin-frequency shift as small as 42 MHz is clearly resolved. Extension of the present technique to other studies is discussed.
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Abstract
Analysis of reports in the world's literature suggests that average sperm densities for groups of unselected males were relatively constant at about 108 million cells per ml prior to 1950. Subsequent to that time mean sperm densities appear to have declined. Regression analysis indicates the existence of significant negative correlations between mean sperm densities and production of synthetic organic chemicals among other parameters. Phthalate esters are one class of large volume organic chemicals that are known to disturb testicular function in laboratory animals. These compounds are also the most abundant man-made chemicals in the environment. Plots of the concentration of dibutylphthalate in the cellular fraction of ejaculates against either the sperm density or the total number of sperm for the same ejaculates gave two clusters of points. These clusters suggest the existence of two or more populations vis à vis phthalate metabolism; both of which show a negative correlation between phthalate concentration and sperm production.
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Riis E, Berry HG, Poulsen O, Lee SA, Tang SY. Absolute wavelength measurement and fine-structure determination in 7Li II. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1986; 33:3023-3028. [PMID: 9897010 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.33.3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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45
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Tang FZ, Guo JA, Zhao WG, Tang SY, Xie YJ, Li GM. [Anti-arrhythmic effects of sodium selenite]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1983; 4:244-7. [PMID: 6230868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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46
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Chang KJ, Hsieh KH, Tang SY, Tung TC, Lee TP. Immunologic evaluation of patients with polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning: evaluation of delayed-type skin hypersensitive response and its relation to clinical studies. J Toxicol Environ Health 1982; 9:217-23. [PMID: 6804636 DOI: 10.1080/15287398209530156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) poisoning causes many physiological abnormalities including immune suppression. Cellular immunity was studied in 30 PCB-poisoned patients and 50 normal human subjects. PCB poisoning caused suppression of cellular immunity such as the delayed-type skin response to streptokinase and streptodornase. The suppression of cellular immunity was correlated with the severity of the disease. Thus evaluation of the immune function may be helpful for the diagnosis of PCB poisoning.
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Kashimoto T, Miyata H, Kunita S, Tung TC, Hsu ST, Chang KJ, Tang SY, Ohi G, Nakagawa J, Yamamoto S. Role of polychlorinated dibenzofuran in yusho (PCB poisoning). Arch Environ Health 1981; 36:321-6. [PMID: 6797353 DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1981.10667645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the blood of 15 patients with yusho or "polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning" that occurred in 1979 in Taiwan, was found polychlorinated dibenzofurans (14 of 15) and polychlorinated quaterphenyls (15 of 15), as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (15 of 15). The mean concentration ratio of these substances was approximately 1 : 160 : 500. Based on the following evidence, we propose that polychlorinated quaterphenyls were major pathogenic substances in the development of yusho: (1) Clinical manifestations and course of yusho patients are disproportionately severe and persistent for the observed blood levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, while patients who were occupationally exposed to pure polychlorinated biphenyls take characteristically mild and benign clinical course despite polychlorinated biphenyl levels often much higher than those noted in yusho patients; (2) Polychlorinated debenzofurans show a marked tendency to accumulate in the liver, which might explain frequent presence of jaundice and other abdominal symptoms in yusho, which are, again, not observed in those with occupational polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning; (3) Toxicity of polychlorinated dibenzofurans is a hundred to ten thousand times greater than that of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated quaterphenyls in animal experiments.
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Chang KJ, Hsieh KH, Lee TP, Tang SY, Tung TC. Immunologic evaluation of patients with polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning: determination of lymphocyte subpopulations. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1981; 61:58-63. [PMID: 6794186 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(81)90007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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49
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Tang SY, Tung TC, Ho CC. Urinary excretion of aflatoxin B1 and its metabolite M1 in growing swine fed with aflatoxin contaminated diet. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1980; 79:472-6. [PMID: 6934251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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50
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Tang SY, Ling KH. High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxin B in rice and rice products in Taiwan. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1978; 77:308-13. [PMID: 275456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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