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Chroho M, Rouphael Y, Petropoulos SA, Bouissane L. Carvacrol and Thymol Content Affects the Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Origanum compactum and Thymus zygis Essential Oils. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:139. [PMID: 38391524 PMCID: PMC10885931 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are of great interest due to their potent pharmaceutical and biological activities. In this study, essential oils extracted from Origanum compactum and Thymus zygis originating from the Middle Atlas of Morocco were investigated. Their chemical compositions were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, while the assessment of the trapping power of the radical (DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and the reducing antioxidant potential of ferric ions (FRAP: Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) were performed in order to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Their antibacterial potency was tested against six bacterial strains through the disk diffusion method. The chromatography analyses of the extracted essential oils highlighted the presence of two main components, namely carvacrol at 75.70% in O. compactum and thymol at 40.67% in T. zygis. The antioxidant activity tests showed that both essential oils demonstrated a significant antioxidant activity comparable to the positive control (e.g., ascorbic acid). The antibacterial activity results showed a strong antimicrobial effect for both essential oils, compared to synthetic antibiotics. This study affirms the presence of bioactive components with interesting antioxidant and antibacterial activities in the essential oils extracted from Origanum compactum and Thymus zygis, which could find several applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries through the substitution of synthetic antioxidants and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Chroho
- Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Latifa Bouissane
- Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
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Nadeem F, Rehman A, Petropoulos SA. Editorial: Increasing production of crops with bioavailable micronutrients: a solution to reduce global malnutrition. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1348246. [PMID: 38162300 PMCID: PMC10757595 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1348246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Nadeem
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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Petropoulos SA, Barros L, Ferreira IC. Editorial: Rediscovering local landraces: shaping horticulture for the future, volume II. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1329995. [PMID: 38162299 PMCID: PMC10757604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1329995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, N. Ionia, Greece
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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de Oliveira I, Chrysargyris A, Heleno SA, Carocho M, Calhelha RC, Dias MI, Petrović J, Soković M, Petropoulos SA, Santos-Buelga C, Tzortzakis N, Barros L. Effects of the extraction techniques on the chemical composition and bioactive properties of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) plants grown under different cropping and irrigation regimes. Food Res Int 2023; 170:113044. [PMID: 37316092 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to determine the combined effect of cropping system and irrigation regime on the chemical composition and bioactive properties of lemon balm aerial parts. For this purpose, lemon balm plants were grown under two farming systems (conventional farming vs organic farming) and two irrigation levels (full irrigation vs deficit irrigation) and harvested twice throughout the growing period. The collected aerial parts were subjected to three different methods of extractions, namely infusion, maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction and the obtained extracts were evaluated in terms of chemical profile and bioactivities. Five organic acids with varied composition among the tested treatments were identified in all the tested samples for both harvests, namely, citric, malic, oxalic, shikimic and quinic acid. Regarding phenolic compounds composition, the most abundant ones were rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid A isomer I and hydroxylsalvianolic E, especially for the maceration and infusion extraction methods. Full irrigation resulted in lower EC50 values than deficit irrigation only in the treatments of the second harvest, while variable cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects were recorded in both harvests. Finally, in most cases the lemon balm extracts has similar or better activity than the positive controls, while the antifungal activity of lemon balm extracts was stronger than the antibacterial effects. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that the implemented agronomic practices, as well as the extraction protocol may significantly affect the chemical profile and bioactivities of lemon balm extracts, suggesting that both the farming system and the irrigation schedule may improve the quality of the extracts depending on the implemented extraction protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izamara de Oliveira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Sandrina A Heleno
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Márcio Carocho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jovana Petrović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Blvd. despot Stefan 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Blvd. despot Stefan 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece.
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Saadaoui W, Tarchoun N, Msetra I, Pavli O, Falleh H, Ayed C, Amami R, Ksouri R, Petropoulos SA. Effects of drought stress induced by D-Mannitol on the germination and early seedling growth traits, physiological parameters and phytochemicals content of Tunisian squash ( Cucurbita maximaDuch.) landraces. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1215394. [PMID: 37600166 PMCID: PMC10432687 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1215394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Drought stress is one of the most devastating environmental stressors, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Considering the major constraints that drought stress poses to crop production and the consequent yield losses in food crops, breeding for climate-resilient crops is an efficient means to mitigate stress conditions. Materials and methods This study aimed at evaluating the response of four squash (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) landraces to drought stress at germination and at plant stage. Drought stress was induced by different concentrations of D-mannitol (-0.24, -0.47 and -0.73 MPa). The tested parameters at germination stage included germination percentage, seedling vigor index, seed water absorbance and seedling growth potential. At the plant stage, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids content, chlorophyll fluorescence, evapotranspiration, photosynthesis activity and several biomarkers, namely malondialdehyde, proline, total phenols content, total flavonoids content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were evaluated in both roots and leaves. Results and discussion Our results indicate a magnitude of drought stress effects reflected via repression of germination and seedling growth as well as adjustments in physiological functions at later growth stages, in a genotype depended manner. Among landraces, "751" and "746" showed better performance, as evidenced by higher seed germination and seedling growth potential even at high stress levels (-0.47 and - 0.73 MPa), whereas "747" was the most sensitive landrace to drought stress at both tested stages. In conclusion, our findings highlight the importance of squash landraces selection for the identification of elite genotypes with increased tolerance to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Saadaoui
- Research Laboratory LR21AGR05, High Agronomic Institute of ChottMariem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Neji Tarchoun
- Research Laboratory LR21AGR05, High Agronomic Institute of ChottMariem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Insaf Msetra
- Research Laboratory LR21AGR05, High Agronomic Institute of ChottMariem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ourania Pavli
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Hanen Falleh
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plant, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chadha Ayed
- Research Laboratory LR21AGR05, High Agronomic Institute of ChottMariem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Roua Amami
- Research Laboratory LR21AGR05, High Agronomic Institute of ChottMariem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plant, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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Di Gioia F, Hong JC, Pisani C, Petropoulos SA, Bai J, Rosskopf EN. Yield performance, mineral profile, and nitrate content in a selection of seventeen microgreen species. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1220691. [PMID: 37546245 PMCID: PMC10399459 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1220691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Originally regarded as garnish greens, microgreens are increasingly valued for their nutritional profile, including their mineral content. Methods A study was conducted under controlled environmental conditions utilizing a selection of seventeen microgreen species belonging to seven different botanical families to investigate the genetic variation of macro- and micro-minerals and nitrate (NO3 -) content. Plants were grown in a soilless system using a natural fiber mat as the substrate. After germination, microgreens were fertigated with a modified half-strength Hoagland solution prepared using deionized water and without adding microelements. At harvest (10 to 19 days after sowing, based on the species), yield components were measured and dry tissue samples were analyzed for the concentration of total nitrogen (N), NO3 -, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and B. Results and discussion Genotypic variations were observed for all of the examined parameters. Nitrogen and K were the principal macronutrients accounting for 38.4% and 33.8% of the total macro-minerals concentration, respectively, followed in order by Ca, P, S, and Mg. Except for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), all the tested species accumulated high (1,000-2,500 mg kg-1 FW) or very high (>2,500 mg kg-1 FW) NO3 - levels. Eight of the studied species had a K concentration above 300 mg 100 g-1 FW and could be considered as a good dietary source of K. On the other hand, scallion (Allium fistulosum L.), red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata), amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.), and Genovese basil (Ocinum basilicum L.) microgreens were a good source of Ca. Among micro-minerals, the most abundant was Fe followed by Zn, Mn, B, and Cu. Sunflower, scallion, and shiso (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton) were a good source of Cu. Moreover, sunflower was a good source of Zn, whereas none of the other species examined could be considered a good source of Fe and Zn, suggesting that supplementary fertilization may be required to biofortify microgreens with essential microminerals. In conclusion, the tested microgreens can be a good source of minerals showing a high potential to address different dietary needs; however, their yield potential and mineral profile are largely determined by the genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Jason C. Hong
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Cristina Pisani
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Station, Byron, GA, United States
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Jihne Bai
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Erin N. Rosskopf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
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Sun W, Shahrajabian MH, Petropoulos SA, Shahrajabian N. Developing Sustainable Agriculture Systems in Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production by Using Chitosan and Chitin-Based Biostimulants. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2469. [PMID: 37447031 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is illustrated in research as a stimulant of plant tolerance and resistance that promotes natural defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stressors, and its use may lessen the amount of agrochemicals utilized in agriculture. Recent literature reports indicate the high efficacy of soil or foliar usage of chitin and chitosan in the promotion of plant growth and the induction of secondary metabolites biosynthesis in various species, such as Artemisia annua, Curcuma longa, Dracocephalum kotschyi, Catharanthus roseus, Fragaria × ananassa, Ginkgo biloba, Iberis amara, Isatis tinctoria, Melissa officinalis, Mentha piperita, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum vulgare ssp. Hirtum, Psammosilene tunicoides, Salvia officinalis, Satureja isophylla, Stevia rebaudiana, and Sylibum marianum, among others. This work focuses on the outstanding scientific contributions to the field of the production and quality of aromatic and medicinal plants, based on the different functions of chitosan and chitin in sustainable crop production. The application of chitosan can lead to increased medicinal plant production and protects plants against harmful microorganisms. The effectiveness of chitin and chitosan is also due to the low concentration required, low cost, and environmental safety. On the basis of showing such considerable characteristics, there is increasing attention on the application of chitin and chitosan biopolymers in horticulture and agriculture productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Nazanin Shahrajabian
- Department of Economics, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81595-158, Iran
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Alexopoulos AA, Kartsonas E, Karras S, Mavrommati E, Petropoulos SA, Papafotiou M. In Vitro Propagation of Origanum scabrum (Boiss. & Heldr.): An Endemic Medicinal Plant of Greece. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12112118. [PMID: 37299098 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop an efficient micropropagation protocol of Origanum scabrum, which will allow its commercial exploitation in the pharmaceutical and horticultural industries. First, the effect of the date of the explant collection (20 April, 20 May, 20 June, 20 July, 20 August) and the position of the explant on the plant stem (shoot apex, 1st node, 3rd node, 5th node) on the establishment of in vitro cultures was studied (1st experiment: Stage I). Next, the effect of temperature (15 °C, 25 °C) and the node position (microshoot apex, 1st node, 5th node) on the microplant production and ex vitro survival of plantlets was studied (2nd experiment: Stage II). The optimum season to collect explants from wild plants was shown to be during the vegetative growth of the plants (April to May), while the shoot apex and the 1st node were the most suitable explants. For the proliferation and production of rooted microplants, the best results were obtained from single-node explants excised from microshoots produced from 1st node-explants collected on 20th of May. Temperature did not affect microshoot number, leaf number and the percentage of rooted microplants, while microshoot length was higher at 25 °C. Moreover, microshoot length and the percentage of rooted microplants were higher in those derived from apex explants, while the survival of plantlets was not affected by treatments and ranged between 67% and 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios A Alexopoulos
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 241 00 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Epaminondas Kartsonas
- Laboratory of Floriculture, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 241 00 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Stavros Karras
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 241 00 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Eleni Mavrommati
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 241 00 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46 Volos, Greece
| | - Maria Papafotiou
- Laboratory of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
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Mandim F, Santos-Buelga C, C F R Ferreira I, Petropoulos SA, Barros L. The wide spectrum of industrial applications for cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. Altilis DC.): A review. Food Chem 2023; 423:136275. [PMID: 37172504 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis DC. belongs to the Asteraceae family and is widely used. This species is integrated into the Mediterranean diet and has broad applicability due to its rich chemical composition. Its flowers, used as a vegetable coagulant for gourmet cheese production, are rich in aspartic proteases. Leaves are rich in sesquiterpene lactones, the most abundant being cynaropicrin, while stems present a higher abundance of hydroxycinnamic acids. Both classes of compounds exhibit a wide range of bioactive properties. Its chemical composition makes it applicable in other industrial sectors, such as energy (e.g., manufacturing of biodiesel and biofuel) or paper pulp production, among other biotechnological applications. In the last decade, cardoon has been identified as a competitive energy crop, constituting an opportunity for the economic recovery and development of the rural areas of the Mediterranean basin. This article reviews the chemical composition, bioactive properties, and multifaceted industrial applications of cardoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Mandim
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Grupo de Investigación em Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación em Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, 38446 N. Ionia, Volos, Greece
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Leichtweis MG, Molina AK, Petropoulos SA, Carocho M, Pires TCSP, Dias MI, Calhelha R, Oliveira MBPP, Pereira C, Barros L. Valorization of Pumpkin Peel as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: Optimization of Heat- and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073168. [PMID: 37049931 PMCID: PMC10096157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The peels from three pumpkin genotypes cultivated in Greece were assessed for their phenolic content and bioactive properties to obtain extracts with a high preservative capacity. The optimization of the extraction was performed through response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box–Behnken experimental design after applying two extraction techniques: heat-assisted (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted (UAE) extraction. The implemented independent variables were time, solvent concentration, and temperature/power (for HAE/UAE), while as dependent variables the dry residue (DR), reducing power (RP), and total phenolic content (TP) were considered. In general, HAE was the most effective technique for ‘TL’ (75 min; 30 °C; 24% ethanol) and ‘Voutirato’ (15 min; 30 °C; 10% ethanol), while UAE was more effective for ‘Leuka Melitis’ (5 min; 400 W; 0% ethanol). The extracts obtained in the global optimum conditions for each genotype peel were then assessed for their phenolic profile, by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, and bioactive potential. Seven phenolic compounds were detected, including four flavonoids, two phenolic acids, and one flavan-3-ol. The extracts presented high antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal potential, with no cytotoxicity for non-tumor cells. The optimized conditions for the extraction of preservative compounds from bioresidues were defined, allowing the acquisition of antioxidant and antimicrobial extracts and proving their potential for food application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Leichtweis
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Adriana K. Molina
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Márcio Carocho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Tânia C. S. P. Pires
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE—Science Chemical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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11
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Carrascosa A, Pascual JA, Ros M, Petropoulos SA, Alguacil MDM. Agronomical Practices and Management for Commercial Cultivation of Portulaca oleracea as a Crop: A Review. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1246. [PMID: 36986934 PMCID: PMC10058561 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil is an essential resource, and its degradation is challenging modern agriculture, while its impact is expected to increase in the near future. One of the strategies to address this issue is to incorporate new alternative crops able to tolerate arduous conditions, as well as for the use of sustainable agricultural practices in order to recover and/or improve soil health. Additionally, the increasing market for new functional/healthy natural foods promotes the search for potential alternative crop species with promising bioactive compounds content. For this purpose, wild edible plants are a key option because they have already been consumed for hundreds of years in traditional gastronomy and there is well-established evidence of their health-promoting effects. Moreover, since they are not a cultivated species, they are able to grow under natural conditions without human intervention. Among them, common purslane is an interesting wild edible species and a good candidate for integration in commercial farming systems. With worldwide spread, it is able to tolerate drought, salinity and heat stress and is already used in traditional dishes, while it is highly appreciated for its high nutritional value due to its bioactive compound content, especially omega-3 fatty acids. In this review, we aim to present the breeding and cultivation practices of purslane, as well as the effects of abiotic stressors on yield and chemical composition of the edible parts. Finally, we present information that helps to optimize purslane cultivation and facilitate its management in degraded soils for their exploitation in the existing farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Carrascosa
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Pascual
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Margarita Ros
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Maria del Mar Alguacil
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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12
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Polumackanycz M, Petropoulos SA, Śledziński T, Goyke E, Konopacka A, Plenis A, Viapiana A. Withania somnifera L.: Phenolic Compounds Composition and Biological Activity of Commercial Samples and Its Aqueous and Hydromethanolic Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030550. [PMID: 36978798 PMCID: PMC10045402 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the chemical composition and bioactive properties of commercially available Withania somnifera samples were evaluated. The hydromethanolic and aqueous extracts of the tested samples were analyzed in terms of phenolic compound composition, ascorbic acid content, antioxidant and antibacterial activity, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities. Polyphenols and ascorbic acid content, as well as the antioxidant activity, were higher in the aqueous extracts than in the hydromethanolic extracts. Generally, aqueous extracts presented higher antioxidant activity than the hydromethanolic ones, especially in the case of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Moreover, higher amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoids were found in the hydromethanolic extracts compared to the aqueous ones. Regarding the antibacterial properties, samples 4, 6, and 10 showed the best overall performance with growth-inhibitory activities against all the examined bacteria strains. Finally, the aqueous and hydromethanolic extracts were the most efficient extracts in terms of AChE and BChE inhibitory activities, respectively. In conclusion, our results indicate that W. somnifera possesses important bioactive properties which could be attributed to the high amounts of phenolic compounds. However, a great variability was recorded in commercially available products, suggesting significant differences in the origin of product and the processing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Polumackanycz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Tomasz Śledziński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Goyke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Konopacka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Viapiana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (A.V.)
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13
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Thalassinos G, Petropoulos SA, Antoniadis V. The Response of Purslane ( Portulaca oleracea) to Soil-Added Pb: Is It Suitable as a Potential Phytoremediation Species? Toxics 2023; 11:153. [PMID: 36851028 PMCID: PMC9965759 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soils with high lead (Pb) levels can be decontaminated with the use of tolerant plants. Their effectiveness may be increased with added soil N due to boosted plant vigor, but such an agronomic practice has not been widely reported so far. In this work, purslane (Portulaca oleracea) was tested in a pot experiment as a potential phytoremediation species using soil spiked with Pb at doses of 0, 150, 300, 600, and 900 mg kg-1 (referred to as Pb(0), Pb(150), Pb(300), Pb(600), and Pb(900), respectively) with added N (referred to as N(1); at 300 kg N ha-1) and without added N (N(0)). We found that added Pb did not cause any adverse effects on plant growth (height, and aerial and root dry biomass) and physiological parameters, which were boosted with added N. Lead plant concentration and uptake significantly increased with added N, a finding that confirms our hypothesis. The number of necessary harvests of purslane in order to reduce soil Pb to half its initial concentration was also calculated and found to decrease with added N, being 131 at Pb(900)N(1). Although results indicate the potential of purslane as a phytoremediation species, further research is needed under real field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasileios Antoniadis
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (V.A.); Tel.: +30-2421093196 (S.A.P.); +30-2421093241 (V.A.)
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Carrascosa A, Pascual JA, López-García Á, Romo-Vaquero M, De Santiago A, Ros M, Petropoulos SA, Alguacil MDM. Effects of inorganic and compost tea fertilizers application on the taxonomic and functional microbial diversity of the purslane rhizosphere. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1159823. [PMID: 37152179 PMCID: PMC10159062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1159823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Soil fertility is a major determinant of plant-microbial interactions, thus, directly and indirectly affecting crop productivity and ecosystem functions. In this study, we analysed for the first time the effects of fertilizer addition on the cropping of purslane (Portulaca oleracea) with particular attention to the taxonomic and functional characteristics of their associated soil microbiota. Methods We tested the effects of different doses of inorganic fertilization differing in the amount of N:P:K namely IT1 (300:100:100); IT2 (300:200:100); IT3 (300:200:200); and IT4 (600:100:100) (ppm N:P:K ratio) and organic fertilization (compost tea) which reached at the end of the assay the dose of 300 ppm N. Results and discussion Purslane growth and soil quality parameters and their microbial community structure, abundance of fungal functional groups and prevailing bacterial metabolic functions were monitored. The application of compost tea and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased the purslane shoot biomass, and some soil chemical properties such as pH and soil enzymatic activities related to C, N and P biogeochemical cycles. The bacterial and fungal community compositions were significantly affected by the organic and chemical fertilizers input. The majority of inorganic fertilization treatments decreased the fungal and bacterial diversity as well as some predictive bacterial functional pathways. Conclusions These findings suggest that the inorganic fertilization might lead to a change of microbial functioning. However, in order to get stronger evidence that supports the found pattern, longer time-frame experiments that ideally include sampling across different seasons are needed. Thus, further research is still needed to investigate the effects of fertilizations on purslane productivity under commercial field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Carrascosa
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Pascual
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Murcia, Spain
| | - Álvaro López-García
- Instituto Interuniversitario de investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - María Romo-Vaquero
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Food Science and Technology, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana De Santiago
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Área de Protección Vegetal, Subárea de gestión y usos de suelos agrícolas y forestales, Instituto de Investigación Finca la Orden, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Margarita Ros
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Murcia, Spain
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Maria Del Mar Alguacil
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Murcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Maria Del Mar Alguacil,
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Giordano M, Petropoulos SA, Kyriacou MC, Graziani G, Zarrelli A, Rouphael Y, El-Nakhel C. Nutritive and Phytochemical Composition of Aromatic Microgreen Herbs and Spices Belonging to the Apiaceae Family. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11223057. [PMID: 36432786 PMCID: PMC9695664 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microgreens represent a new generation of food products, commonly used to garnish and embellish culinary dishes, and recently associated with an increasing interest in their nutraceutical and phytochemical profiles. Four Apiaceae species: Pimpinella anisum L. (anise), Anthriscus cerefolium L. (chervil), Carum carvi L. (caraway), and Anethum graveolens L. (dill) were assessed for fresh yield, macro- and microminerals, total chlorophylls, total ascorbic acid, carotenoids, polyphenols, and their antioxidant activity. Anise was the species yielding the most (2.53 kg m-2) and having the highest lutein content (18.4 µg g-1 dry weight (DW)). Chervil and dill were characterized by the highest total ascorbic acid content (~151 mg AA g-1 fresh weight (FW)). The phenolic profile highlighted the presence of five flavonoid derivatives and 12 phenolic acid derivatives, with quinic acid derivatives being the most abundant phenols in the species tested. In addition, anise, caraway, and dill proved to be considerably rich in total polyphenols (~11056 μg g-1 DW). Caraway and dill were characterized by the highest antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH and ABTS methods, whereas the FRAP method revealed caraway as having the highest antioxidant activity. Such results highlight the potential of Apiaceae species as an alternative to other families which are commonly used for microgreens production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giordano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Marios C. Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 800126 Naples, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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16
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Carocho M, Barros L, Morales P, Petropoulos SA, Soković M. Editorial: The chemistry of food in the advent of sustainable diets. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1077985. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1077985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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17
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Soares EV, Petropoulos SA, Soares HMVM. Editorial: Bio-based solutions for sustainable development of agriculture. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1056140. [PMID: 36325558 PMCID: PMC9619078 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1056140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo V. Soares
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP)-School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Engenharia Biológica (CEB)−Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado em Biotecnologia, Bioengenharia e Sistemas Eletromecânicos (LABBELS) – Associate Laboratory, Braga−Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Helena M. V. M. Soares
- Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE)/Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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18
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Pinela J, Petropoulos SA, Barros L. Editorial: Advances in tomato and tomato compounds research and technology. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1018498. [PMID: 36118781 PMCID: PMC9476548 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1018498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- *Correspondence: José Pinela
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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19
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Rodrigues JPB, Liberal Â, Petropoulos SA, Ferreira ICFR, Oliveira MBPP, Fernandes Â, Barros L. Agri-Food Surplus, Waste and Loss as Sustainable Biobased Ingredients: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165200. [PMID: 36014439 PMCID: PMC9412510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensuring a sustainable supply of food for the world’s fast growing population is a major challenge in today’s economy, as modern lifestyle and increasing consumer concern with maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet is an important challenge for the agricultural sector worldwide. This market niche for healthier products, especially fruits and vegetables, has increased their production, consequently resulting in increased amounts of agri-food surplus, waste, and loss (SWL) generated during crop production, transportation, storage, and processing. Although many of these materials are not utilized, negatively affecting the environmental, economic, and social segments, they are a rich source of valuable compounds that could be used for different purposes, thus preventing the losses of natural resources and boosting a circular economy. This review aimed to give insights on the efficient management of agri-food SWL, considering conventional and emerging recovery and reuse techniques. Particularly, we explored and summarized the chemical composition of three worldwide cultivated and consumed vegetables (carrots, broccoli and lettuce) and evaluate the potential of their residues as a sustainable alternative for extracting value-added ingredients for the development of new biodynamic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P. B. Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ângela Liberal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, N. Ionia, 384 46 Volos, Greece
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Beatriz P. P. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (Â.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (Â.F.); (L.B.)
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Añibarro-Ortega M, Pinela J, Alexopoulos A, Petropoulos SA, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L. The powerful Solanaceae: Food and nutraceutical applications in a sustainable world. Adv Food Nutr Res 2022; 100:131-172. [PMID: 35659351 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Solanaceae family is considered one of the most important families among plant species because, on one hand encompasses many staple food crops of the human diet while, on the other hand, it includes species rich in powerful secondary metabolites that could be valorized in medicine or drug formulation as well as nutraceuticals and food supplements. The main genera are Solanum, Capsicum, Physalis, and Lycium which comprise several important cultivated crops (e.g., tomato, pepper, eggplant, tomatillo, and goji berry), as well as genera notable for species with several pharmaceutical properties (e.g., Datura, Nicotiana, Atropa, Mandragora, etc.). This chapter discusses the nutritional value of the most important Solanaceae species commonly used for their edible fruit, as well as those used in the development of functional foods, food supplements, and nutraceuticals due to their bioactive constituents. The toxic and poisonous effects are also discussed aiming to highlight possible detrimental consequences due to irrational use. Finally, considering the high amount of waste and by-products generated through the value chain of the main crops, the sustainable management practices implemented so far are presented with the aim to increase the added-value of these crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Añibarro-Ortega
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Alexios Alexopoulos
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata, Messinia, Greece
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
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21
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Mandim F, Petropoulos SA, Santos-Buelga C, Ferreira IC, Barros L. Chemical composition of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis) petioles as affected by plant growth stage. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mandim F, Petropoulos SA, Pinela J, Dias MI, Kostic M, Soković M, Ferreira ICFR, Santos-Buelga C, Barros L. Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Activities of Cardoon Blades at Different Growth Stages. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11050699. [PMID: 35625427 PMCID: PMC9138655 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The rapid increase of the world population has promoted a more sustainable and efficient use of natural resources. To achieve complete and proper upcycling of plant crops, it is important to know their potential for industrial exploitation. Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a species native to the Mediterranean basin widely used in different sectors, including food and pharmaceuticals. Despite their multiple industrial applications, not all plant tissues have been incorporated into the value chain. Therefore, this work aimed to characterize the phenolic composition and bioactive properties of cardoon blades throughout the phenological growth cycle. In addition to the structural variety of phytochemicals detected in the blade extracts, their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and antimicrobial properties were also highlighted. While immature material showed higher levels of phenolic compounds and greater potential to inhibit lipid peroxidation, samples at higher development stages had greater anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial potential. These results demonstrate that the growth cycle influences the bioactive potential of cardoon blades and will be useful to establish suitable industrial applications, such as the development of ingredients for functional foods and nutraceuticals, among other products. Abstract Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis) blades were collected at sixteen sampling dates (B1–B16) to study the influence of the phenological growth stage on the phenolic composition and biological properties. Twenty phenolic compounds were identified, among which trans 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and luteolin-O-hexoside (39.6, 42.6, and 101.0 mg/g extract, respectively) were the main compounds. Immature blades (B3) had a higher content of phenolic compounds (178 mg/g extract) and a greater ability to inhibit the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (IC50 of 1.61 µg/mL). Samples at more advanced growth stages revealed a greater capacity to inhibit oxidative hemolysis (B8, IC50 of 25 and 47.4 µg/mL for Δt of 60 and 120 min, respectively) and higher cytotoxic (B8–B13, GI50 between 7.1 and 17 µg/mL), anti-inflammatory (B13, IC50 of 10 µg/mL), and antibacterial activities. In turn, the antifungal activity varied depending on the tested fungi. All these results suggest that maturity influences the phenolic composition and bioactive properties of cardoon blades, which reveal great potential for the development of bioactive ingredients for food and pharmaceutical applications, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Mandim
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (F.M.); (J.P.); (M.I.D.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (L.B.)
| | - José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (F.M.); (J.P.); (M.I.D.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (F.M.); (J.P.); (M.I.D.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Marina Kostic
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Soković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (F.M.); (J.P.); (M.I.D.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (F.M.); (J.P.); (M.I.D.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (L.B.)
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Duri LG, Pannico A, Petropoulos SA, Caporale AG, Adamo P, Graziani G, Ritieni A, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Lettuce Grown in Different Mixtures of Monogastric-Based Manure With Lunar and Martian Soils. Front Nutr 2022; 9:890786. [PMID: 35571954 PMCID: PMC9101051 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.890786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The supplementation of bioactive compounds in astronaut's diets is undeniable, especially in the extreme and inhospitable habitat of future space settlements. This study aims to enhance the Martian and Lunar regolith fertility (testing two commercial simulants) through the provision of organic matter (manure) as established by in situ resource utilization (ISRU) approach. In this perspective, we obtained 8 different substrates after mixing Mojave Mars Simulant (MMS-1) or Lunar Highlands Simulant (LHS-1), with four different rates of manure (0, 10, 30, and 50%, w/w) from monogastric animals. Then, we assessed how these substrates can modulate fresh yield, organic acid, carotenoid content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic profile of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.). Regarding fresh biomass production, MMS-1-amended substrates recorded higher yields than LHS-1-ones; plants grown on a 70:30 MMS-1/manure mixture produced the highest foliar biomass. Moreover, we found an increase in lutein and β-carotene content by + 181 and + 263%, respectively, when applying the highest percentage of manure (50%) compared with pure simulants or less-amended mixtures. The 50:50 MMS-1/manure treatment also contained the highest amounts of individual and total organic acids, especially malate content. The highest antioxidant activity for the ABTS assay was recorded when no manure was added. The highest content of total hydroxycinnamic acids was observed when no manure was added, whereas ferulic acid content (most abundant compound) was the highest in 70:30 simulant/manure treatment, as well as in pure LHS-1 simulant. The flavonoid content was the highest in pure-simulant treatment (for most of the compounds), resulting in the highest total flavonoid and total phenol content. Our findings indicate that the addition of manure at specific rates (30%) may increase the biomass production of lettuce plants cultivated in MMS-1 simulant, while the phytochemical composition is variably affected by manure addition, depending on the stimulant. Therefore, the agronomic practice of manure amendment showed promising results; however, it must be tested with other species or in combination with other factors, such as fertilization rates and biostimulants application, to verify its applicability in space colonies for food production purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi G. Duri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Antonio G. Caporale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Paola Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on the “Earth Critical Zone” for Supporting the Landscape and Agroenvironment Management (CRISP), University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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Chrysargyris A, Höfte M, Tzortzakis N, Petropoulos SA, Di Gioia F. Editorial: Micronutrients: The Borderline Between Their Beneficial Role and Toxicity in Plants. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:840624. [PMID: 35222495 PMCID: PMC8873365 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.840624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Monica Höfte
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nikos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Mandim F, Petropoulos SA, Pinela J, Dias MI, Giannoulis KD, Kostić M, Soković M, Queijo B, Santos-Buelga C, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L. Chemical composition and biological activity of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis) seeds harvested at different maturity stages. Food Chem 2022; 369:130875. [PMID: 34438342 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardoon seeds collected in Greece at four different maturity stages (samples S1 to S4) were analysed in terms of chemical composition and in vitro bioactivities. The content of phenolic compounds (six compounds in total) increased with increasing maturity, and 3,5-O-dicaffeyolquinic (14.8-33.8 mg/g extract) acid was the compound detected in higher abundance. Mature seeds (sample S4) also revealed the highest content in lipids (23 g/100 g extract) and tocopherols (29.62 mg/100 g dw) and demonstrated the highest cytotoxic (GI50 of 97-216 µg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (IC50 = 148 µg/mL) activities, and capacity to inhibit the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (IC50 = 5 µg/mL). Cardoon seed hydroethanolic extracts also revealed high antibacterial and antifungal potential, particularly samples S3 and S1, respectively. This study proved the multifaceted potential associated with valorisation of cardoon seeds, while their biological and chemical composition can be influenced by the maturity stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Mandim
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, 38446 N. Ionia, Volos, Greece.
| | - José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Kyriakos D Giannoulis
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, 38446 N. Ionia, Volos, Greece
| | - Marina Kostić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Beatriz Queijo
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Thalassinos G, Nastou E, Petropoulos SA, Antoniadis V. Soil dynamics of Cr(VI) and responses of Portulaca oleracea L. grown in a Cr(VI)-spiked soil under different nitrogen fertilization regimes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:14469-14478. [PMID: 34617214 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The reduction potential of the highly toxic Cr(VI) to the inert Cr(III) in an alkaline soil was studied during a 50-day experiment with Portulaca oleracea L. grown in pots. We aimed at assessing whether our test species can be a phytoremediation candidate for Cr(VI)-contaminated soils. We measured the Cr(VI) reduction rate in soil, determined the Cr(VI) and Cr(III) concentrations in aerial and root P. oleracea tissues, and calculated the transfer coefficient (TC = metal in plant over metal in soil) and the translocation factor (TF = metal in aerial biomass over metal in roots) in order to assess Cr(VI) uptake and distribution in plant tissues, while we also studied the effect of added nitrogen in the studied parameters. We added five different Cr(VI) levels (from the unamended T-0 to the treatment of T-4 = 150 mg Cr(VI) kg-1 soil) and also had two N levels (equivalent to 0 and 200 kg ha-1). The results indicated that Cr in plant tissues was mainly found in its reduced form (Cr(III)) and only a minor fraction of Cr was detected in its oxidized form (Cr(VI)), with only 1.04% of plant Cr being hexavalent at T-4 with no added N and 1.30% at T-4 with added N. The main remediation mechanism was found to be that of the naturally occurring Cr(VI) reduction that effectively produced Cr(III), followed by the uptake of Cr(VI) from our test plants (at T-4 with no N, 58% of soil added Cr(VI) was reduced and 0.1% absorbed, while at T-4 with added N, 63% was reduced and only 0.4% absorbed by plant). We also found that Cr(VI) in P. oleracea tissues was mainly found in roots and relatively low Cr(VI) concentrations were found in the above-ground tissues. We concluded that P. oleracea is a tolerant plant species, especially if assisted with a sufficient level of N fertilization, although it failed to approach the threshold of being categorized as an accumulator species. However, as this is a rather preliminary experiment, before reaching more conclusive suggestions about P. oleracea as a potential phytoremediation species, further investigation is necessary in order to verify the gained results with naturally contaminated soils with Cr under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Thalassinos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, GR384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Elina Nastou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, GR384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, GR384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Vasileios Antoniadis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, GR384 46, Volos, Greece.
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Pires EDO, Di Gioia F, Rouphael Y, Ferreira ICFR, Caleja C, Barros L, Petropoulos SA. The Compositional Aspects of Edible Flowers as an Emerging Horticultural Product. Molecules 2021; 26:6940. [PMID: 34834031 PMCID: PMC8619536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible flowers are becoming very popular, as consumers are seeking healthier and more attractive food products that can improve their diet aesthetics and diversify their dietary sources of micronutrients. The great variety of flowers that can be eaten is also associated with high variability in chemical composition, especially in bioactive compounds content that may significantly contribute to human health. The advanced analytical techniques allowed us to reveal the chemical composition of edible flowers and identify new compounds and effects that were not known until recently. Considering the numerous species of edible flowers, the present review aims to categorize the various species depending on their chemical composition and also to present the main groups of compounds that are usually present in the species that are most commonly used for culinary purposes. Moreover, special attention is given to those species that contain potentially toxic or poisonous compounds as their integration in human diets should be carefully considered. In conclusion, the present review provides useful information regarding the chemical composition and the main groups of chemical compounds that are present in the flowers of the most common species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleomar de O. Pires
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (E.d.O.P.J.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita 100, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (E.d.O.P.J.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Caleja
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (E.d.O.P.J.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (E.d.O.P.J.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, N. Ionia, 38446 Volos, Greece
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Shahrajabian MH, Chaski C, Polyzos N, Tzortzakis N, Petropoulos SA. Sustainable Agriculture Systems in Vegetable Production Using Chitin and Chitosan as Plant Biostimulants. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060819. [PMID: 34072781 PMCID: PMC8226918 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin and chitosan are natural compounds that are biodegradable and nontoxic and have gained noticeable attention due to their effective contribution to increased yield and agro-environmental sustainability. Several effects have been reported for chitosan application in plants. Particularly, it can be used in plant defense systems against biological and environmental stress conditions and as a plant growth promoter—it can increase stomatal conductance and reduce transpiration or be applied as a coating material in seeds. Moreover, it can be effective in promoting chitinolytic microorganisms and prolonging storage life through post-harvest treatments, or benefit nutrient delivery to plants since it may prevent leaching and improve slow release of nutrients in fertilizers. Finally, it can remediate polluted soils through the removal of cationic and anionic heavy metals and the improvement of soil properties. On the other hand, chitin also has many beneficial effects such as plant growth promotion, improved plant nutrition and ability to modulate and improve plants’ resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors. The present review presents a literature overview regarding the effects of chitin, chitosan and derivatives on horticultural crops, highlighting their important role in modern sustainable crop production; the main limitations as well as the future prospects of applications of this particular biostimulant category are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece; (C.C.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.S.); (S.A.P.); Tel.: +30-24210-93196 (S.A.P.)
| | - Christina Chaski
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece; (C.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Polyzos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece; (C.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus;
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece; (C.C.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.S.); (S.A.P.); Tel.: +30-24210-93196 (S.A.P.)
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Shahrajabian MH, Chaski C, Polyzos N, Petropoulos SA. Biostimulants Application: A Low Input Cropping Management Tool for Sustainable Farming of Vegetables. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050698. [PMID: 34067181 PMCID: PMC8150747 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biostimulants, are a diverse class of compounds including substances or microorganism which have positive impacts on plant growth, yield and chemical composition as well as boosting effects to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The major plant biostimulants are hydrolysates of plant or animal protein and other compounds that contain nitrogen, humic substances, extracts of seaweeds, biopolymers, compounds of microbial origin, phosphite, and silicon, among others. The mechanisms involved in the protective effects of biostimulants are varied depending on the compound and/or crop and mostly related with improved physiological processes and plant morphology aspects such as the enhanced root formation and elongation, increased nutrient uptake, improvement in seed germination rates and better crop establishment, increased cation exchange, decreased leaching, detoxification of heavy metals, mechanisms involved in stomatal conductance and plant transpiration or the stimulation of plant immune systems against stressors. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the application of plant biostimulants on different crops within the framework of sustainable crop management, aiming to gather critical information regarding their positive effects on plant growth and yield, as well as on the quality of the final product. Moreover, the main limitations of such practice as well as the future prospects of biostimulants research will be presented.
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Petropoulos SA, Di Gioia F, Polyzos N, Tzortzakis N. Natural Antioxidants, Health Effects and Bioactive Properties of Wild Allium Species. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1816-1837. [PMID: 32013820 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200203145851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest from the pharmaceutical and food industry in natural antioxidant and bioactive compounds derived from plants as substitutes for synthetic compounds. The genus Allium is one of the largest genera, with more than 900 species, including important cultivated and wild species, having beneficial health effects. OBJECTIVE The present review aims to unravel the chemical composition of wild Allium species and their healthrelated effects, focusing on the main antioxidant compounds. For this purpose, a thorough study of the literature was carried out to compile reports related to health effects and the principal bioactive compounds. Considering the vast number of species, this review is divided into subsections where the most studied species are presented, namely Allium ampeloprasum, A. flavum, A. hookeri, A. jesdianum, A. neapolitanum, A. roseum, A. stipitatum, A. tricoccum, and A. ursinum, with an additional composite section for less studied species. METHODS The information presented in this review was obtained from worldwide accepted databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar and Researchgate, using as keywords the respective names of the studied species (both common and Latin names) and the additional terms of"antioxidants" "health effects" and "bioactive properties". CONCLUSION The genus Allium includes several wild species, many of which are commonly used in traditional and folklore medicine while others are lesser known or are of regional interest. These species can be used as sources of natural bioactive compounds with remarkable health benefits. Several studies have reported these effects and confirmed the mechanisms of action in several cases, although more research is needed in this field. Moreover, considering that most of the studies refer to the results obtained from species collected in the wild under uncontrolled conditions, further research is needed to elucidate the effects of growing conditions on bioactive compounds and to promote the exploitation of this invaluable genetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nikos Polyzos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Nikos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
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Liberal Â, Fernandes Â, Polyzos N, Petropoulos SA, Dias MI, Pinela J, Petrović J, Soković M, Ferreira IC, Barros L. Bioactive Properties and Phenolic Compound Profiles of Turnip-Rooted, Plain-Leafed and Curly-Leafed Parsley Cultivars. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235606. [PMID: 33260591 PMCID: PMC7730503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Petroselinum crispum Mill., Fuss., is a culinary vegetable used as an aromatic herb that garnishes and flavours a great variety of dishes. In the present study, the chemical profiles and bioactivities of leaf samples from 25 cultivars (three types: plain- and curly-leafed and turnip-rooted) from this species were assessed. Seven phenolic compounds were identified in all the varieties, including apigenin and kaempherol derivates. Apigenin-O-pentoside-O-hexoside was the major compound in all the tested parsley types (20, 22 and 13 mg/g of extract, respectively) and responsible for its excellent antioxidant activity, also investigated in this study. Antimicrobial activities were also explored, and the results revealed a good bioactivity against specific tested pathogens, such as bacteria and fungi. In conclusion, the leaves of all the types of P. crispum are a good source of natural bioactive compounds that confer health benefits, and thus, they should be part of a balanced and diversified diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Liberal
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Institute Polytechnic of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (J.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Institute Polytechnic of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (J.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Nikolaos Polyzos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece;
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece;
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (L.B.); Tel.: +30-2421-093-196 (S.A.P.); +351-2733-309-01 (L.B.)
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Institute Polytechnic of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (J.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - José Pinela
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Institute Polytechnic of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (J.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Jovana Petrović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Soković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Institute Polytechnic of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (J.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Institute Polytechnic of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (J.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (L.B.); Tel.: +30-2421-093-196 (S.A.P.); +351-2733-309-01 (L.B.)
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Cruz LRO, Fernandes Â, Di Gioia F, Petropoulos SA, Polyzos N, Dias MI, Pinela J, Kostić M, Soković MD, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L. The Effect of Nitrogen Input on Chemical Profile and Bioactive Properties of Green- and Red-Colored Basil Cultivars. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 33114065 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, three red-colored (Dark Opal, Basilico Rosso, and Red Basil) and one green-colored landrace (Mitikas) of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were grown under four nitrogen regimes, namely Control (no fertilizer added), 200 ppm, 400 ppm, and 600 ppm of nitrogen (N). Fresh yield varied depending on N input following a quadratic function in all four genotypes, and green basil performed better compared to the red cultivars. A significant interaction of genotype × N input was recorded for most of the chemical parameters measured. Tocopherols contents of leaves were consistently higher in plants that received 200 ppm of N and lower in those receiving 600 ppm of N, especially in Dark Opal and Red Basil cultivars. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were the major category of fatty acids and Red Basil had the lowest ratio of omega-6/omega 3 (0.29) and thus the best fatty acid profile. Polyphenols content was the highest in Red Basil and Dark Opal (25 mg/g of extract on average) and the lowest in Mitikas and decreased with increasing N input. Similarly, antioxidant activity was the highest in Dark Opal and Red Basil fertigated with 200 ppm of N, whereas all the leaf extracts tested had good antibacterial and antifungal activity. In conclusion, basil chemical and bioactive profile was significantly influenced by both genotype and N input. Red-colored basil, although less productive, had the best chemical profile, and moderate levels of N input may provide the best compromise between yield, nutritional value, and bioactivity for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís R O Cruz
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto Superior Politécnico Jean Piaget de Benguela, Estrada Nacional 100 Lobito, Benguela 1393, Angola
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, 207 Tyson Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, N. Ionia, 38446 Magnissia, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Polyzos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, N. Ionia, 38446 Magnissia, Greece
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Marina Kostić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina D Soković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Mandim F, Petropoulos SA, Dias MI, Pinela J, Kostic M, Soković M, Santos-Buelga C, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L. Seasonal variation in bioactive properties and phenolic composition of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis) bracts. Food Chem 2020; 336:127744. [PMID: 32781352 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) bracts were collected at different maturation stages to investigate seasonal changes in the phenolic compounds profile and in vitro bioactivities. Among the 12 phenolic compounds tentatively identified, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (21.83 mg/g extract) and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide (10.6 mg/g extract) were the most abundant. Immature bracts (C1: principal growth stage (PGS) 5) had the highest phenolic compounds content, and anti-inflammatory (IC50 = 72 µg/mL) and cytotoxic (GI50 of 30-79 µg/mL) activities. Moreover, extract C1 inhibited efficiently the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; IC50 = 26.8 µg/mL), while extract C8 (PGS 8/9) was more effective against oxidative haemolysis (IC50 38 and 75 µg/mL). The highest antibacterial and antifungal activities were attributed to samples C1 and C6 (PGS 7/8) and samples C2 (PGS 5/6) and C4 (PGS 6/7), respectively. Overall, the obtained results suggest the seasonal changes of polyphenolic composition and bioactivity of cardoon bracts of variable maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Mandim
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, 38446, N. Ionia, Volos, Greece.
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Marina Kostic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Mandim F, Petropoulos SA, Giannoulis KD, Dias MI, Fernandes Â, Pinela J, Kostic M, Soković M, Barros L, Santos-Buelga C, Ferreira IC. Seasonal variation of bioactive properties and phenolic composition of Cynara cardunculus var. altilis. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Finimundy TC, Karkanis A, Fernandes Â, Petropoulos SA, Calhelha R, Petrović J, Soković M, Rosa E, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Bioactive properties of Sanguisorba minor L. cultivated in central Greece under different fertilization regimes. Food Chem 2020; 327:127043. [PMID: 32470801 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the chemical characterization and bioactive properties of S. minor cultivated under different fertilization rates (control, half rate and full rate) were evaluated. Twenty-two phenolic compounds were identified, including five phenolic acids, seven flavonoids and ten tannins. Hydrolysable tannins were prevalent, namely Sanguiin H-10, especially in leaves without fertilization (control). Roots of full-rate fertilizer (660 Kg/ha) presented the highest flavonoid content, mainly catechin and its isomers, whereas half-rate fertilizer (330 Kg/ha), presented the highest content of total phenolic compounds, due to the higher amount of ellagitannins (lambertianin C: 84 ± 1 mg/g of dry extract). Antimicrobial activities were also promising, especially against Salmonella typhimurium (MBC = 0.44 mg/mL). Moreover, root samples revealed activity against all tested cell lines regardless of fertilization rate, whereas leaves were effective only against HeLa cell line. In conclusion, S. minor could be a source of natural bioactive compounds, while fertilization could increase phenolic compounds content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiane C Finimundy
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; CITAB - University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Department of Agronomy, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Anestis Karkanis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece.
| | - Ricardo Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jovana Petrović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- CITAB - University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Department of Agronomy, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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A. Petropoulos S, Fernandes Â, Dias MI, Pereira C, Calhelha RC, Chrysargyris A, Tzortzakis N, Ivanov M, D. Sokovic M, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Chemical Composition and Plant Growth of Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta Plants Cultivated under Saline Conditions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092204. [PMID: 32397258 PMCID: PMC7248820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this report was to study the effect of salinity (control: 2dS/m, S1: 4 dS/m and S2: 6 dS/m) and harvest time (first harvest on 9 May 2018 and second harvest on 19 April 2018) on the growth and the chemical composition of Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta plants. The plants of the first harvest were used for the plant growth measurements (fresh weight and moisture content of leaves, rosette diameter, number and thickness of leaves), whereas those of the second harvest were not used for these measurements due to the flowering initiation, which made the leaves unmarketable due to their hard texture. The results of our study showed that C. raphanina subsp. mixta plants can be cultivated under mild salinity (S1 treatment) conditions without severe effects on plant growth and yield, since a more severe loss (27.5%) was observed for the S2 treatment. In addition, harvest time proved to be a cost-effective cultivation practice that allows to regulate the quality of the final product, either in edible form (first harvest) or for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical purposes as well as antimicrobial agents in food products. Therefore, the combination of these two agronomic factors showed interesting results in terms of the quality of the final product. In particular, high salinity (S2 treatment) improved the nutritional value by increasing the fat, proteins and carbohydrates contents in the first harvest, as well as the tocopherols and sugars contents (S1 and S2 treatments, respectively) in the second harvest. In addition, salinity and harvest time affected the oxalic acid content which was the lowest for the S2 treatment at the second harvest. Similarly, the richest fatty acid (α-linolenic acid) increased with increasing salinity at the first harvest. Salinity and harvest time also affected the antimicrobial properties, especially against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Trichoderma viride, where the extracts from the S1 and S2 treatments showed high effectiveness. In contrast, the highest amounts of flavanones (pinocembrin derivatives) were detected in the control treatment (second harvest), which was also reflected to the highest antioxidant activity (TBARS) for the same treatment. In conclusion, C. raphanina subsp. mixta plants seem to be tolerant to medium salinity stress (S1 treatment) since plant growth was not severely impaired, while salinity and harvesting time affected the nutritional value (fat, proteins, and carbohydrates) and the chemical composition (tocopherols, sugars, oxalic acid, fatty acids), as well as the bioactive properties (cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties) of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.); Tel.: +30-242-109-3196 (S.A.P.); +351-27-333-0904 (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Maria Ines Dias
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Carla Pereira
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Ricardo C. Calhelha
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus; (A.C.); (N.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus; (A.C.); (N.T.)
| | - Marija Ivanov
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Marina D. Sokovic
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.C.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.); Tel.: +30-242-109-3196 (S.A.P.); +351-27-333-0904 (I.C.F.R.F.)
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Petropoulos SA, Fernandes Â, Dias MI, Pereira C, Calhelha R, Di Gioia F, Tzortzakis N, Ivanov M, Sokovic M, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Wild and Cultivated Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040314. [PMID: 32326524 PMCID: PMC7222212 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta (DC.) Runemark is a wild edible species endemic to Greece. This study evaluated the chemical composition and bioactive properties of wild and cultivated C. raphanina subsp. mixta plants. Wild plants had higher nutritional value than cultivated ones, whereas cultivated plants contained more tocopherols. Glucose and sucrose were higher in cultivated plants and trehalose in wild ones. Oxalic and total organic acids were detected in higher amounts in cultivated samples. The main fatty acids were α-linolenic, linoleic and palmitic acid, while wild plants were richer in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Two pinocembrin derivatives were the main phenolic compounds being detected in higher amounts in wild plants. Regarding the antioxidant activity, wild and cultivated plants were more effective in the oxidative haemolysis (OxHLIA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays, respectively. Moreover, both extracts showed moderate cytotoxicity in non-tumor cell lines (PLP2), while cultivated plants were more effective against cervical carcinoma (HeLa), breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and non-small lung cancer (NCI-H460) cell lines. Finally, wild plants showed higher antimicrobial activity than cultivated plants against specific pathogens. In conclusion, the cultivation of C.raphanina subsp. mixta showed promising results in terms of tocopherols content and antiproliferative effects, however further research is needed to decrease oxalic acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 N. Ionia, Greece
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.); Tel.: +30-2421-093-196 (S.A.P.); +351-273-330-904 (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Maria Ines Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Carla Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Ricardo Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos 3603, Cyprus;
| | - Marija Ivanov
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Sokovic
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.); Tel.: +30-2421-093-196 (S.A.P.); +351-273-330-904 (I.C.F.R.F.)
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Petropoulos SA, Fernandes Â, Arampatzis DA, Tsiropoulos NG, Petrović J, Soković M, Barros L, Ferreira IC. Seed oil and seed oil byproducts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.): A new insight to plant-based sources rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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El-Nakhel C, Petropoulos SA, Pannico A, Kyriacou MC, Giordano M, Colla G, Troise AD, Vitaglione P, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. The bioactive profile of lettuce produced in a closed soilless system as configured by combinatorial effects of genotype and macrocation supply composition. Food Chem 2020; 309:125713. [PMID: 31708345 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of cultivar and nutrient solution macrocation proportions (SK, SCa, SMg) on the bioactive content of hydroponically cultivated lettuce was evaluated on two lettuce cultivars (red and green-pigmented Salanova®) grown in a fully controlled Fitotron® chamber. Fresh weight and color attributes were superior in green Salanova and in SK-treated plants, while elevated macrocation proportions (SK, SCa, and SMg) affected the corresponding minerals, P and Na content. SCa and SMg treatments raised ascorbate concentration and reduced nitrate levels in treated plants. Chicoric and chlorogenic acids were higher in red over green Salanova. Chlorogenic acid was higher in SCa and SMg plants and chicoric acid levels were SMg > SCa > SK. The SMg-treated red Salanova contained higher concentrations of target carotenoids. In conclusion, nutrient solution management constitutes an effective cultural practice to increase bioactive properties and functional quality of hydroponically grown lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Marios C Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Giordano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antonio Dario Troise
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.
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El-Nakhel C, Pannico A, Kyriacou MC, Petropoulos SA, Giordano M, Colla G, Troise AD, Vitaglione P, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Dataset on the organic acids, sulphate, total nitrogen and total chlorophyll contents of two lettuce cultivars grown hydroponically using nutrient solutions of variable macrocation ratios. Data Brief 2020; 29:105135. [PMID: 32016143 PMCID: PMC6992948 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article were derived from dry and fresh samples of soilless-grown butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Capitata). Organic acids, total nitrogen, sulphate and total chlorophyll concentrations varied in response to cultivar (red or green butterhead Salanova) and to nutrient solution macrocation ratios (high proportion of K, Ca or Mg). Kjeldahl, spectrophotometry and ion chromatography were the principal employed methods. Data of total nitrogen and sulphate concentrations contribute to the understanding of macrocation uptake by plants and may drive prospective relevant research. Organic acids are indicators of plant tolerance to stress, including nutrient deficiencies, and the variability of their concentrations provide insights to plant stress physiology. The data reported in this paper are related to the research article "The bioactive profile of lettuce produced in a closed soilless system as configured by combinatorial effects of genotype and macrocation supply composition", authored by El-Nakhel et al. (2020) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Marios C Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Maria Giordano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antonio Dario Troise
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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Costan A, Stamatakis A, Chrysargyris A, Petropoulos SA, Tzortzakis N. Interactive effects of salinity and silicon application on Solanum lycopersicum growth, physiology and shelf-life of fruit produced hydroponically. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:732-743. [PMID: 31597201 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using water with high salinity for plant fertigation may have detrimental effects on plant development and total yield and on the quality of the crop produced. As a possible means to alleviate the negative effects of salinity, silicon (Si) can be incorporated in the nutrient solution supplied to plants. In the present study, hydroponically grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) plants were subjected to two different salinity levels (0 and 50 mmol L-1 NaCl) with and without the application of Si (0 and 2 mmol L-1 K2 SiO3 ) in order to evaluate its possible positive impact on mitigation of salinity stress-induced symptoms. An additional experiment was implemented with postharvest Si application (sodium silicate) to investigate effects on the shelf-life of tomato fruit. RESULTS Salinity (50 mmol L-1 NaCl) decreased plant size, total yield and fresh fruit weight while a high percentage of blossom end rot symptoms of tomato fruit was also observed. The application of Si in the nutrient solution counteracted these detrimental effects, generating a higher yield and healthier fruit (lower blossom end rot incidence) compared to the untreated plants (no application of Si). Salinity improved several quality-related traits in tomato fruit, resulting in higher marketability, whereas the addition of Si (pre- and postharvest) maintained fruit firmness following storage thereby increasing the shelf-life of tomato fruit. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Si application (pre- and postharvest) could provide an effective means of alleviating the unfavorable effects of using low-quality water in plant fertigation on tomato plant development, fruit yield and post-harvest quality, through increased fruit firmness. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Costan
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Stamatakis
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | | | - Nikos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
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Petropoulos SA, Fernandes Â, Calhelha RC, Di Gioia F, Kolovou P, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Chemical composition and bioactive properties of Cichorium spinosum L. in relation to nitrate/ammonium nitrogen ratio. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:6741-6750. [PMID: 31350862 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogenous fertilizers may affect the yield and quality of leafy vegetables via the application rate and nitrogen form. In the present study, the effect of the nitrate:ammonium nitrogen ratio in the nutrient solution on the chemical composition and bioactive properties of Cichorium spinosum leaves was evaluated. For this purpose, C. spinosum plants were fertigated with nutrient solution containing different ratios of nitrate: ammonium nitrogen: (i) 100:0 NO3 -N:NH4 -N; (ii) 75:25 NO3 -N:NH4 -N; (iii) 50:50 NO3 -N:NH4 -N; (iv) 25:75 NO3 -N:NH4 -N; and (v) 0:100 NO3 -N:NH4 -N of total nitrogen; as well as (vi) 100% ureic nitrogen. RESULTS The only detected tocopherol isoforms were α- and δ-tocopherol, which were positively affected by nitrate nitrogen (100:0 NO3 -N:NH4 -N). Similar results were observed for individual and total organic acids. The main detected sugars were fructose, glucose and sucrose, with a varied effect of nutrient solution composition on their content, whereas total sugar concentration was positively affected by a balanced or a slightly increased proportion of NH4 -N (50:50 and 25:75 NO3 -N:NH4 -N). The fatty acids profile was beneficially affected by the highest NH4 -N ratio (0:100 NO3 -N:NH4 -N), whereas higher amounts of NO3 - than NH4 + nitrogen (75:25 NO3 -N:NH4 -N) resulted in a higher content of total phenolic compounds. Finally, no cytotoxic effects were observed against non-tumor (PLP2, HeLa) and tumor (HepG2, MCF-7, NCI-H460) cell lines for any of the studied nutrient solutions. CONCLUSION The modulation of NO3 -N:NH4 -N ratio in the nutrient solution supplied to C. spinosum may enhance the content of desirable health-promoting compounds and reduce the content of antinutrients, thus increasing the overall quality of the final product without compromising yield. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A Petropoulos
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, Nea Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Panagiota Kolovou
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, Nea Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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Petropoulos SA, Taofiq O, Fernandes Â, Tzortzakis N, Ciric A, Sokovic M, Barros L, Ferreira IC. Bioactive properties of greenhouse-cultivated green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under biostimulants and water-stress effect. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:6049-6059. [PMID: 31342530 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scarcity of irrigation water is severely affecting global crop production. In this context, biostimulants are increasingly used as alternatives means against abiotic stress conditions. In this study, phenolic compounds composition and bioactive properties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants grown under water stress conditions and biostimulants application were investigated. RESULTS Sixteen individual phenolic compounds were detected in both pods and seeds with a notable difference in their compositional profile. A significant effect on phenolic compounds content and composition was also observed for the biostimulants tested. Regarding the antibacterial activity, pods of the second harvest and seed extracts showed significant efficacy against Bacillus cereus, especially in water-stressed plants, where all biostimulant treatments were more effective than positive controls. Moreover, all biostimulant treatments for seed extracts of water-stressed plants were more effective against Staphylococcus aureus compared with ampicillin, whereas streptomycin showed the best results. Extracts from pods of the second harvest from normally irrigated plants showed the best results against the fungi tested, except for Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium. Finally, no significant cytotoxic effects were detected. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the biostimulants tested increased total phenolic compounds content compared with control treatment, especially in pods of the first harvest and seeds of water-stressed plants. Moreover, bioactive properties showed a varied response in regard to irrigation and biostimulant treatment. Therefore, biostimulants can be considered as a useful means towards increasing phenolic compounds content, and they may also affect the antimicrobial properties of pods and seeds extracts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Thessaly, Crop Production and Rural Environment, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Oludemi Taofiq
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Nikos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Ana Ciric
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Sokovic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cfr Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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Petropoulos SA, Fernandes Â, Dias MI, Vasilakoglou IB, Petrotos K, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Nutritional Value, Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Properties of Common Purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.) in Relation to Harvesting Stage and Plant Part. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080293. [PMID: 31398846 PMCID: PMC6720689 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purslane (Portulaca oleraceae L.) is a widespread weed, which is highly appreciated for its high nutritional value with particular reference to the content in omega-3 fatty acids. In the present study, the nutritional value and chemical composition of purslane plants in relation to plant part and harvesting stage were evaluated. Plants were harvested at three growth stages (29, 43 and 52 days after sowing (DAS)), while the edible aerial parts were separated into stems and leaves. Leaves contained higher amounts of macronutrients than stems, especially at 52 DAS. α-tocopherol was the main isoform, which increased at 52 DAS, as well total tocopherols (values were in the ranges of 197–327 μg/100 g fresh weight (fw) and 302–481 μg/100 g fw, for α-tocopherol and total tocopherols, respectively). Glucose and fructose were the main free sugars in stems and leaves, respectively, whereas stems contained higher amounts of total sugars (values were ranged between 0.83 g and 1.28 g/100 g fw). Oxalic and total organic acid content was higher in leaves, especially at the last harvesting stage (52 DAS; 8.6 g and 30.3 g/100 g fw for oxalic acid and total organic acids, respectively). Regarding the fatty acid content, stems contained mainly palmitic (20.2–21.8%) and linoleic acid (23.02–27.11%), while leaves were abundant in α-linolenic acid (35.4–54.92%). Oleracein A and C were the major oleracein derivatives in leaves, regardless of the harvesting stage (values were in the ranges of 8.2–103.0 mg and 21.2–143 mg/100 g dried weight (dw) for oleraceins A and C, respectively). Cytotoxicity assays showed no hepatotoxicity, with GI50 values being higher than 400 μg/mL for all the harvesting stages and plant parts. In conclusion, early harvesting and the separation of plant parts could increase the nutritional value of the final product through increasing the content of valuable compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids, phenolic compounds and oleracein derivatives, while at the same time, the contents of anti-nutritional compounds such as oxalic acid are reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece.
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ioannis B Vasilakoglou
- Department of Crop Production-Agrotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Petrotos
- Department of Crop Production-Agrotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Chrysargyris A, Papakyriakou E, Petropoulos SA, Tzortzakis N. The combined and single effect of salinity and copper stress on growth and quality of Mentha spicata plants. J Hazard Mater 2019; 368:584-593. [PMID: 30716568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Copper is essential for plant growth, but in excess may cause adverse effects on plant physiology. Harmful effects are also caused by plant exposure to salinity (NaCl) due to the excessive use of fertilizers, soil degradation and/or the quality of the water used for irrigation. The impact of single and combined salinity (Sal) and copper (Cu) stress on spearmint metabolism were studied in hydroponics. Spearmint plants (Mentha spicata L.) were subjected to salinity stress (150 mM NaCl) and/or excessive Cu concentration (60 μM Cu) via the nutrient solution. Not only Sal and Cu, but also their combination suppressed plant growth by decreasing plant biomass, root fresh weight and plant height. Chlorophyll content decreased mainly for the combined stress treatment (Sal + Cu). Polyphenols and antioxidants (FRAP, DPPH, ABTS) increased in single stress treatments (Sal or Cu), but decreased in the combined stress (Sal + Cu). The application of Sal or Cu stress decreased Zn, N and K (leaves), K, Ca, P and Mg (roots) content. Copper application increased Ca and Mg in leaves. In conclusion, salinity stress and Cu exposure may change the primary metabolic pathways in favor of major volatile oil components biosynthesis, resulting in significant changes of essential oil yield and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, 3603, Cyprus.
| | - Eleftheria Papakyriakou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, 3603, Cyprus
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, 3603, Cyprus.
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Petropoulos SA, Fernandes Â, Katsoulas N, Barros L, Ferreira IC. The effect of covering material on the yield, quality and chemical composition of greenhouse-grown tomato fruit. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:3057-3068. [PMID: 30511352 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last few decades, greenhouse technology for horticultural crops has focused on retaining optimum conditions within the greenhouse environment that could allow for a compromise between maximum yields and minimum production costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three greenhouse covering materials and five harvesting dates on the yield and quality parameters of hydroponically produced tomato fruit, as well as on energy consumption. RESULTS Plants had a higher growth rate at early stages for S-PE cover material, while differences were minimized at later stages. Tocopherol content was the highest for ID-PE material and harvesting later than 170 days after transplanting (DAT), while sugar content (fructose and glucose) was the highest for S-PE material and 157 DAT. Organic acid content was the highest at early harvestings, especially for 7-PE and S-PE cover materials, while it exhibited decreasing trends at later harvesting dates. Antioxidant properties showed a varied response to cover materials and harvesting dates, while β-carotene, carotenoids and chlorophylls were the highest for 7-PE material. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that both cover materials and harvesting date may affect significantly tomato fruit quality, especially sugar and organic acid contents which are associated with fruit taste, as well as tocopherols which contribute to antioxidant properties and pigments that are associated with fruit ripening and earliness of marketable maturity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Vegetable Production, University of Thessaly, Ionia, Greece
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Biologia e Biotecnologia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Nikolaos Katsoulas
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Agricultural Constructions and Environmental Control, University of Thessaly, Ionia, Greece
| | - Lillian Barros
- Biologia e Biotecnologia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cfr Ferreira
- Biologia e Biotecnologia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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Chrysargyris A, Petropoulos SA, Fernandes Â, Barros L, Tzortzakis N, Ferreira ICFR. Effect of phosphorus application rate on Mentha spicata L. grown in deep flow technique (DFT). Food Chem 2019; 276:84-92. [PMID: 30409666 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the impact of phosphorus application rate on plant growth and physiological parameters, antioxidant activity, chemical composition, and essential oil yield and composition of hydroponically grown spearmint plants. Increased P levels resulted in high dry matter content of the aerial part. Antioxidant activity of spearmint leaves was significantly higher at the highest P levels. Although essential oil yield was not affected, essential oil composition varied among the studied P levels, especially carvone content. Total and individual organic acids content was higher when 50 mg/L P were added in the nutrient solution. Rosmarinic acid was the main detected phenolic compound, while the highest total phenolic compounds and rosmarinic acid content was observed at 50 and 70 mg/L of P, respectively. In conclusion, phosphorus application rate may affect spearmint growth and development, as well as chemical composition and essential oil composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus.
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Di Gioia F, Petropoulos SA. Phytoestrogens, phytosteroids and saponins in vegetables: Biosynthesis, functions, health effects and practical applications. Adv Food Nutr Res 2019; 90:351-421. [PMID: 31445599 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal secondary metabolites with similarities in structure and biological activities with human estrogens divided into various classes of compounds, including lignans, isoflavones, ellagitannins, coumestans and stilbenes. Similarly, phytosteroids are steroidal compounds of plant origin which have estrogenic effects and can act as agonists, antagonists, or have a mixed agonistic/antagonistic activity to animal steroid receptors. On the other hand, saponins are widely distributed plant glucosides divided into triterpenoid and steroidal saponins that contribute to plant defense mechanism against herbivores. They present a great variation from a structural point of view, including compounds from different classes. In this chapter, the main vegetable sources of these compounds will be presented, while details regarding their biosynthesis and plant functions will be also discussed. Moreover, considering the significant bioactive properties that these compounds exhibit, special focus will be given on their health effects, either beneficial or adverse. The practical applications of these compounds in agriculture and phytomedicine will be also demonstrated, as well as the future prospects for related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece.
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Petropoulos SA, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Editorial: Rediscovering Local Landraces: Shaping Horticulture for the Future. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:126. [PMID: 30809239 PMCID: PMC6379249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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Chrysargyris A, Solomou M, Petropoulos SA, Tzortzakis N. Physiological and biochemical attributes of Mentha spicata when subjected to saline conditions and cation foliar application. J Plant Physiol 2019; 232:27-38. [PMID: 30530201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marginal water, including saline water, has been proposed as an alternative source of irrigation water for partially covering plant water requirements due to scarcity of adequate water supply in hot arid and semi-arid areas, such as those usually found in the Mediterranean basin. In the present study, spearmint plants (Mentha spicata L.) were grown in a deep flow hydroponic system under saline conditions, namely 0, 25, 50, and 100 mM NaCl. Moreover, foliar application of specific cations (K, Zn, Si) was tested as a means for alleviation of salinity stress under a plant physiological and biochemical approach. The results indicated that the highest salinity level of 100 mM NaCl severely affected plant growth, photosynthetic rates, leaf stomatal conductance, content of total phenolics and antioxidant status, while low to moderate salinity levels (25-50 mM NaCl) did not significantly affect plant growth and biochemical functions. In addition, leaf potassium and calcium accumulation decreased in saline-treated plants. Cations foliar application had small to no effect on plant growth, although it increased antioxidant activity and detoxified oxidative stress products/effects, through the increased enzymatic activities and proline accumulation. The present results have demonstrated that spearmint could be considered as a salinity tolerant species which is able to grow successfully under moderate salinity levels, while cation enrichment through foliar sprays was proved as a useful means to alleviate the stress effects caused by high salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, 3603, Cyprus
| | - Maria Solomou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, 3603, Cyprus
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Nikos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, 3603, Cyprus.
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