1
|
Devi NR, Khandelwal S, Subramaniyan M, Pappu S. Extraction, characterization, and therapeutic potential of Omega-3 fatty acids from Belone belone skin. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:42. [PMID: 38261852 PMCID: PMC10796888 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study provides the fatty acid profile, presence of Omega 3 fatty acids (ω3FAs) and therapeutic potential of the skin of Garfish (Belone belone), a highly nutritious fish. The ω3FAs were obtained using the urea crystallization method and confirmed by UV VIS spectroscopy, HPLC, FT-IR, and NMR. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of the ω3FAs was assessed through antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and toxicity assays. The oil extracted from Garfish skin (GS) predominantly contains ω3FAs, palmitic acids, and oleic acids. The ω3FAs exhibit high anti-free radical activity and ferric reducing activity. It reduces nitric oxide production as well as lipid peroxidation under certain time. They also demonstrate effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The biofilm formation is efficiently reduced by ω3FAs and eradication effects on biofilm are higher at 4000 µg/mL of concentration. When tested against brine shrimp larvae, ω3FAs were found to be non-toxic. The study indicates that GS skin oil contains a significant amount of omega-3 fatty acids and has potential therapeutic benefits due to its antioxidant and antibacterial properties, without causing any toxic effects. Omega-3 fatty acids have the potential to enhance the treatment of infections caused by harmful bacteria and their biofilm formation. Further research is needed to understand how omega-3 fatty acids work to kill bacteria and how they affect bacterial gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naorem Rojita Devi
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003 India
| | - Sital Khandelwal
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003 India
| | - Muthumari Subramaniyan
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003 India
| | - Srinivasan Pappu
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003 India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khandelwal S, Devi NR, Subramaniyan M, Pappu S. Physicochemical characterization and therapeutic potential of ink from squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:418. [PMID: 38031590 PMCID: PMC10682348 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana ink was used as a raw material. It summarizes physicochemical, elemental, and spectral properties (UV/Visible spectroscopy and FT-IR) of crude ink, whereas the biochemical analysis was performed with crude ink (CI) as well as melanin-free ink (MFI). The percentage yield was analyzed using various solvent extracts of CI and MFI. GC-MS was performed for the chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of ink. Furthermore, the methanolic extract was subjected to various biological applications. The physicochemical analysis defines the presence of moisture, ash, extractive value, solubility, and thermal stability of CI. The biochemical analysis reveals protein, lipid, and carbohydrate of 2.5, 2.2, and 2.37 mg/ml for CI and 2.8, 3.7, and 4.51 mg/ml for MFI respectively. The extract showed the highest zone of inhibition at 100 μg/ml. The antioxidant activity reveals the highest percentage of radical-scavenging activity in nitric oxide (NO) (89%), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay showed the highest inhibition activity of 0.41 nm at 100 µg/ml. The cytotoxic ability of methanolic extract against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line revealed an IC50 value of 10.13 μg/ml. Toxicity assay showed increased mortality of Artemia nauplii at higher concentrations (1000 ppm/40%) of extract. These findings indicate that S. lessoniana ink is a novel prospective product that needs to be characterized in order to increase its pharmacological activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03830-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sital Khandelwal
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003 Tamilnadu India
| | - Naorem Rojita Devi
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003 Tamilnadu India
| | - Muthumari Subramaniyan
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003 Tamilnadu India
| | - Srinivasan Pappu
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003 Tamilnadu India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patel P, Umapathy D, Manivannan S, Nadar VM, Venkatesan R, Joseph Arokiyam VA, Pappu S, Ponnuchamy K. A doxorubicin-platinum conjugate system: impacts on PI3K/AKT actuation and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4818-4828. [PMID: 35424411 PMCID: PMC8694461 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06708c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the development of a nano-conjugate system for drug delivery applications has gained attention among researchers. Keeping this in mind, in this study, we developed a doxorubicin-platinum conjugate system that targeted breast cancer cell lines. To achieve this, we developed platinum nanoparticles using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). High resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed the occurrence of octopod-shaped platinum nanoparticles. Subsequently, doxorubicin (DOX) was conjugated on the surface of the as-prepared platinum octopods via an in situ stirring method. The physicochemical characterization of the doxorubicin-platinum conjugate system revealed that the PVP of PtNPs interacts with the NH2 group of doxorubicin via electrostatic interaction/hydrogen bonding. Besides, the doxorubicin-platinum conjugate system exhibited a sustained drug release profile within the cancer cells. Furthermore, the evaluation of the in vitro anticancer efficacy of the doxorubicin-platinum conjugate system in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) unveiled the induction of apoptosis via intracellular ROS and DNA damage, rather than free DOX and PtNPs. Remarkably, we also perceived that the doxorubicin-platinum conjugate system was strong enough to down-regulate the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. As a result, the tumour suppressor gene PTEN was activated, which led to the stimulation of a mitochondrion-based intrinsic apoptotic pathway and its downstream caspases, triggering cell death. Hence, our findings suggested that a biologically stable doxorubicin-platinum conjugate system could be an imperative therapeutic agent for anticancer therapy in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puja Patel
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University Karaikudi 630 003 India
| | - Devan Umapathy
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli 620 024 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Selvambigai Manivannan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics (CMIAD), The University of Sheffield Western Bank Sheffield S10 2TN UK
| | - Vinita Manimaran Nadar
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University Karaikudi 630 003 India
| | - Rajiu Venkatesan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | | | - Srinivasan Pappu
- Phage Therapy and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University Karaikudi 630003 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Kumar Ponnuchamy
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University Karaikudi 630 003 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dhananasekaran S, Palanivel R, Pappu S. Adsorption of Methylene Blue, Bromophenol Blue, and Coomassie Brilliant Blue by α-chitin nanoparticles. J Adv Res 2015; 7:113-24. [PMID: 26843977 PMCID: PMC4703491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expelling of dyestuff into water resource system causes major thread to the environment. Adsorption is the cost effective and potential method to remove the dyes from the effluents. Therefore, an attempt was made to study the adsorption of dyestuff (Methylene Blue (MB), Bromophenol Blue (BPB) and Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB)) by α-chitin nanoparticles (CNP) prepared from Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) shell waste. On contrary to the most recognizable adsorption studies using chitin, this is the first study using unique nanoparticles of ⩽50 nm used for the dye adsorption process. The results showed that the adsorption process increased with increase in the concentration of CNP, contact time and temperature with the dyestuff, whereas the adsorption process decreased with increase in the initial dye concentration and strong acidic pH. The results from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that the interaction between dyestuff and CNP involved physical adsorption. The adsorption process obeys Langmuir isotherm (R2 values were 0.992, 0.999 and 0.992 for MB, BPB and CBB, and RL value lies between 0 and 1 for all the three dyes) and pseudo second order kinetics (R2 values were 0.996, 0.999 and 0.996 for MB, BPB and CBB) more effectively. The isotherm and kinetic models confirmed that CNP can be used as a suitable adsorbent material for the removal of dyestuff from effluents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solairaj Dhananasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, DDE, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 004, India
| | - Rameshthangam Palanivel
- Department of Biotechnology, DDE, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 004, India
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 9444834424; fax: +91 4565225216.
| | - Srinivasan Pappu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 004, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Durai P, Chinnasamy A, Gajendran B, Ramar M, Pappu S, Kasivelu G, Thirunavukkarasu A. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using crystal compound of sodium para-hydroxybenzoate tetrahydrate isolated from Vitex negundo. L leaves and its apoptotic effect on human colon cancer cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
6
|
Pappu H, Pappu S, Jain R, Bertrand P, Culbreath A, McPherson R, Csinos A. Sequence characteristics of natural populations of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus infecting flue-cured tobacco in Georgia. Virus Genes 1998; 17:169-77. [PMID: 9857990 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008072825152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Using primers from conserved regions, the nucleocapsid (Nc) gene sequences of naturally occurring tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) isolates from flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) grown in several Georgia counties were amplified by immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The resulting amplicons were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analyses showed a high degree of sequence conservation among the Nc genes of the tobacco isolates, and those reported from other parts of the world. However, distinct differences that were unique to these tobacco isolates as well as the previously studied peanut, tomato and pepper isolates from Georgia were present. The Georgia isolates formed a distinct cluster that was clearly resolved from the rest of the TSWV isolates based on sequence phylograms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Pappu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton 31793, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
We present a novel method for the geometric alignment of autoradiographs of the brain. The method is based on finding the spatial mapping and the one-to-one correspondences (or homologies) between point features extracted from the images and rejecting non-homologies as outliers. In this way, we attempt to account for the local, natural and artifactual differences between the autoradiograph slices. We have used the resulting automated algorithm on a set of left prefrontal cortex autoradiograph slices, specifically demonstrated its ability to perform point outlier rejection, validated its robustness property using synthetically generated spatial mappings and provided an anecdotal visual comparison with the well-known iterated closest-point (ICP) algorithm. Visualization of a stack of aligned left prefrontal cortex autoradiograph slices is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rangarajan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8042, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Pappu H, Pappu S, Niblett C, Lee R, Civerolo E. Comparative sequence analysis of the coat proteins of biologically distinct citrus tristeza closterovirus isolates. Virus Genes 1993; 7:255-64. [PMID: 8279124 DOI: 10.1007/bf01702586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The genome of citrus tristeza closterovirus (CTV) consists of a 20 kb single-stranded RNA encapsidated in a 2000 nm long, flexuous particle. Double-stranded (replicative form) RNAs purified from CTV-infected tissue were used to prepare complementary DNA libraries that involved initial first-strand cDNA synthesis followed by selective amplification of the coat protein gene. CTV-specific antisera were used to select clones expressing the coat protein. The coat protein genes of seven Florida and four exotic isolates that differ in their biological properties were cloned and sequenced. The gene is 669 base pairs long and encodes a 223 amino acid protein. There was a greater than 80% homology at both nucleotide and amino acid levels among all the isolates examined. However, comparisons showed that each isolate was found to have several unique amino acid residues. Several blocks of amino acid residues were conserved among all the isolates. A cluster dendrogram showed greater similarities among groups of mild and severe Florida isolates that differed significantly from those of the geographically distinct, exotic CTV isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Pappu
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0680
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The histologic appearance of 14 chicken flexor tendon repair sites with a defect in the tendon sheath was compared with 14 covered by fascia patch grafts. Half the animals (seven with and seven without the patch) were studied 3 weeks after surgery and the other half 8 weeks after surgery. The qualitative microscopic examination showed that the area of healing was better organized with less restrictive-appearing adhesions when the sheath defect was grafted.
Collapse
|