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Lopez DL, Casillas OE, Jaramillo HJ, Romero-Garcia T, Vazquez-Jimenez JG. AT1 receptor downregulation: A mechanism for improving glucose homeostasis. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:170-178. [PMID: 37035227 PMCID: PMC10075037 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pathophysiological correlation between arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, established since the pre-diabetic state in the entity known as insulin resistance. It is known that high concentrations of angiotensin-II enable chronic activation of the AT1 receptor, promoting sustained vasoconstriction and the consequent development of high blood pressure. Furthermore, the chronic activation of the AT1 receptor has been associated with the development of insulin resistance. From a molecular outlook, the AT1 receptor signaling pathway can activate the JNK kinase. Once activated, this kinase can block the insulin signaling pathway, favoring the resistance to this hormone. In accordance with the previously mentioned mechanisms, the negative regulation of the AT1 receptor could have beneficial effects in treating metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review explains the clinical correlation of the metabolic response that diabetic patients present when receiving negatively regulatory drugs of the AT1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Mexicali, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Oscar E Casillas
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Hiram J Jaramillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Mexicali, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Romero-Garcia
- Faculty of Sports, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21289, Baja California, Mexico
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Galindo-Hernandez O, Leija-Montoya AG, Romero-Garcia T, Vazquez-Jimenez JG. Palmitic acid decreases cell migration by increasing RGS2 expression and decreasing SERCA expression. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200279. [PMID: 33729330 PMCID: PMC7967171 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid, the main saturated fatty acid, is related with a wide range of
metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and heart disease. It is
known that palmitic acid disturbs the expression of some important proteins for
cell homeostasis such as SERCA and RGS2, however, the role of this lipid at the
molecular level in these disorders is not completely elucidated. Thus, our aim
was to determinate the effect of palmitic acid in a relevant cell process as it
is cell migration and the participation of SERCA and RGS2 in this response. We
found that palmitic acid reduces cell migration (determined by the Boyden
chamber method) in an epithelial cell line (HEK293) and this effect is modulated
by SERCA and RGS2 differential protein expression (measured by western blot).
Also, overexpression of individual proteins, RGS2 and SERCA, produced a decrease
and an increase on cell migration, respectively. Taken together, these data
suggest that the expression of regulatory proteins is affected by high
concentrations of saturated fatty acids and in consequence cell migration is
diminished in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Galindo-Hernandez
- Autonomous University of Baja California, Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | - Ana Gabriela Leija-Montoya
- Autonomous University of Baja California, Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Romero-Garcia
- Autonomous University of Baja California, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Sports School, Campus Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | - Jose Gustavo Vazquez-Jimenez
- Autonomous University of Baja California, Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, BC, Mexico
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Landa-Galvan HV, Rios-Castro E, Romero-Garcia T, Rueda A, Olivares-Reyes JA. Metabolic syndrome diminishes insulin-induced Akt activation and causes a redistribution of Akt-interacting proteins in cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228115. [PMID: 31995605 PMCID: PMC6988918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, with insulin resistance as a critical component for its development. Insulin signaling in the heart leads to Akt (also known as PKB) activation, a serine/threonine protein kinase, which regulates cardiac glucose metabolism and growth. Cardiac metabolic inflexibility, characterized by impaired insulin-induced glucose uptake and oxidation, has been reported as an early and consistent change in the heart of different models of MetS and diabetes; however, the evaluation of Akt activation has yielded variable results. Here we report in cardiomyocytes of MetS rats, diminished insulin-induced glucose uptake and Akt activation, evaluated by its impaired mobilization towards the plasma membrane and phosphorylation, and reflected in a re-distribution of its interacting proteins, assessed by label-free mass spectrometry (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013260). We report 45 proteins with diminished abundance in Akt complex of MetS cardiomyocytes, mainly represented by energy metabolism-related proteins, and also, 31 Akt-interacting proteins with increased abundance, which were mainly related to contraction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and Akt negative regulation. These results emphasize the relevance of Akt in the regulation of energy metabolism in the heart and highlight Akt-interacting proteins that could be involved in the detrimental effects of MetS in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Rios-Castro
- Unidad de Genomica, Proteomica y Metabolomica (UGPM), LaNSE-Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Angelica Rueda
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
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Galindo-Hernandez O, Machado-Contreras JR, Martinez-Corella R, Romero-Garcia T, Vazquez-Jimenez JG. Inverse correlation between levels of glycated haemoglobin and expression levels of SERCA protein in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1226-1228. [PMID: 32864012 PMCID: PMC7444701 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.97970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the association between sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) expression and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels since alterations in this protein expression are associated with the genesis of insulin resistance. HbA1c levels and SERCA protein expression from platelets of Mexican patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were analyzed showing lower values of SERCA expression against the normal values we find in healthy people. Interestingly, as diabetes condition got worse; SERCA protein expression decreased gradually until it was undetectable. The results showed an inverse correlation between HbA1c and SERCA protein expression in T2DM patients. .
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Fernández-Miranda G, Romero-Garcia T, Barrera-Lechuga TP, Mercado-Morales M, Rueda A. Impaired Activity of Ryanodine Receptors Contributes to Calcium Mishandling in Cardiomyocytes of Metabolic Syndrome Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:520. [PMID: 31114513 PMCID: PMC6503767 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a global epidemic. MetS is a serious health problem because of its related cardiovascular complications, which include hypertension and delayed heart rate recovery after exercise. The molecular bases of cardiac dysfunction in MetS are still under scrutiny and may be related to anomalies in the activity and expression of key proteins involved in the cardiac excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). The cardiac Ca2+ channel/ryanodine receptor (RyR2) participates in releasing Ca2+ from internal stores and plays a key role in the modulation of ECC. We examined alterations in expression, phosphorylation status, Ca2+ sensitivity, and in situ function (by measuring Ca2+ sparks and Ca2+ transients) of RyR2; alterations in these characteristics could help to explain the Ca2+ handling disturbances in MetS cardiomyocytes. MetS was induced in rats by adding commercially refined sugar (30% sucrose) to their drinking water for 24 weeks. Cardiomyocytes of MetS rats displayed decreased Ca2+ transient amplitude and cell contractility at all stimulation frequencies. Quiescent MetS cardiomyocytes showed a decrease in Ca2+ spark frequency, amplitude, and spark-mediated Ca2+ leak. The [3H]-ryanodine binding data showed that functionally active RyRs are significantly diminished in MetS heart microsomes; and exhibited rapid Ca2+-induced inactivation. The phosphorylation of corresponding Ser2814 (a preferential target for CaMKII) of the hRyR2 was significantly diminished. RyR2 protein expression and Ser2808 phosphorylation level were both unchanged. Further, we demonstrated that cardiomyocyte Ca2+ mishandling was associated with reduced SERCA pump activity due to decreased Thr17-PLN phosphorylation, suggesting a downregulation of CaMKII in MetS hearts, though the SR Ca2+ load remained unchanged. The reduction in the phosphorylation level of RyR2 at Ser2814 decreases RyR2 availability for activation during ECC. In conclusion, the impaired in situ activity of RyR2 may also account for the poor overall cardiac outcome reported in MetS patients; hence, the SERCA pump and RyR2 are both attractive potential targets for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaudencio Fernández-Miranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Romero-Garcia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tarín P Barrera-Lechuga
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Mercado-Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Rueda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
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6
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Gustavo Vazquez-Jimenez J, Chavez-Reyes J, Romero-Garcia T, Zarain-Herzberg A, Valdes-Flores J, Manuel Galindo-Rosales J, Rueda A, Guerrero-Hernandez A, Olivares-Reyes JA. Palmitic acid but not palmitoleic acid induces insulin resistance in a human endothelial cell line by decreasing SERCA pump expression. Cell Signal 2015; 28:53-9. [PMID: 26475209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Palmitic acid is a negative regulator of insulin activity. At the molecular level, palmitic acid reduces insulin stimulated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation. Interestingly, we have found that incubation with palmitic acid of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced a biphasic effect, an initial transient elevation followed by a sustained reduction of SERCA pump protein levels. However, palmitic acid produced a sustained inhibition of SERCA pump ATPase activity. Insulin resistance state appeared before there was a significant reduction of SERCA2 expression. The mechanism by which palmitic acid impairs insulin signaling may involve endoplasmic reticulum stress, because this fatty acid induced activation of both PERK, an ER stress marker, and JNK, a kinase associated with insulin resistance. None of these effects were observed by incubating HUVEC-CS cells with palmitoleic acid. Importantly, SERCA2 overexpression decreased the palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance state. All these results suggest that SERCA pump might be the target of palmitic acid to induce the insulin resistance state in a human vascular endothelial cell line. Importantly, these data suggest that HUVEC-CS cells respond to palmitic acid-exposure with a compensatory overexpression of SERCA pump within the first hour, which eventually fades out and insulin resistance prevails.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gustavo Vazquez-Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Jesus Chavez-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Angel Zarain-Herzberg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Jesus Valdes-Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - J Manuel Galindo-Rosales
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Angelica Rueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Agustin Guerrero-Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - J Alberto Olivares-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico.
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