1
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Lewinsky H, Gunes EG, David K, Radomir L, Kramer MP, Pellegrino B, Perpinial M, Chen J, He TF, Mansour AG, Teng KY, Bhattacharya S, Caserta E, Troadec E, Lee P, Feng M, Keats J, Krishnan A, Rosenzweig M, Yu J, Caligiuri MA, Cohen Y, Shevetz O, Becker-Herman S, Pichiorri F, Rosen S, Shachar I. CD84 is a regulator of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in multiple myeloma. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e173312. [PMID: 37485873 PMCID: PMC10445629 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
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2
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Song JY, Nwangwu M, He TF, Zhang W, Meawad H, Bedell V, Murata-Collins J, Skrabek P, Nasr MR, Scott D, Godfrey J, Lee P, Chan WC, Weisenburger DD, Perry AM, Herrera AF. Low T-cell proportion in the tumor microenvironment is associated with immune escape and poor survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2023. [PMID: 36632739 PMCID: PMC10388272 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.282265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is important in the pathogenesis and prognosis of lymphoma. Previous studies have demonstrated that features of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) TME can be associated with prognosis, but questions remain about the mechanisms underlying these TME features and the interplay between tumor cells and the local TME. Therefore, we performed multispectral immunofluorescence (mIF) using two 6-color panels to interrogate the cellular proportions of T-cell subsets, macrophages, and NK-cells in 57 cases of de novo DLBCL treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy. We found that very low CD3+ T-cell proportion and low CD4+PD1+ and CD8+PD1+ T-cells have poor survival compared to those with a high T-cell proportion. Also, cases with concurrently low TIM3 and PD1 have a poor prognosis. This poor prognosis with low T-cell proportion was validated using immune deconvolution of gene expression profiling data from 351 cases of DLBCL and an additional cohort of 53 cases of DLBCL using routine immunohistochemistry. In addition, cases with loss of B2M, HLA I and/or HLA II protein expression on the tumor cells also had a low T-cell proportion, providing evidence that lack of these proteins allows for immune evasion. Overall, our results show that patients with DLBCL with a low T-cell proportion in the TME have a poor survival when treated with R-CHOP and exhibit mechanisms of immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Y Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA.
| | - Mary Nwangwu
- Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Hany Meawad
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | | | | | | | - Michel R Nasr
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse
| | - David Scott
- British Columbia Research Center, Vancouver, BC
| | - James Godfrey
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Peter Lee
- Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Dennis D Weisenburger
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Alex F Herrera
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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3
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Dellinger TH, Han ES, Raoof M, Lee B, Wu X, Cho H, He TF, Lee P, Razavi M, Liang WS, Schmolze D, Priceman SJ, Lee S, Lin WC, Lin JF, Kebria M, Hakim A, Ruel N, Stewart DB, Wang EW, Paz BI, Wakabayashi MT, Cristea MC, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L. Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy-Induced Molecular Changes in Humans Validate Preclinical Data in Ovarian Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100239. [PMID: 35357903 PMCID: PMC8984280 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) confers a survival benefit in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and in preclinical models. However, the molecular changes induced by HIPEC have not been corroborated in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh H Dellinger
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Ernest S Han
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Mustafa Raoof
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Byrne Lee
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Hyejin Cho
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Immuno-oncology Core, City of Hope National Medical Center Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Peter Lee
- Immuno-oncology Core, City of Hope National Medical Center Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Marianne Razavi
- Women's Cancer Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Daniel Schmolze
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Saul J Priceman
- Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Stephen Lee
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Wei-Chien Lin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Jeff F Lin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Mehdi Kebria
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Amy Hakim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Nora Ruel
- Biostatistics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Daphne B Stewart
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Edward W Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Benjamin I Paz
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Mark T Wakabayashi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Mihaela C Cristea
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
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4
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Chao J, He TF, D'Apuzzo M, Chen YJ, Frankel P, Tajon M, Chen H, Solomon S, Klempner SJ, Fakih M, Lee P. A Phase 2 Trial Combining Pembrolizumab and Palliative Radiation Therapy in Gastroesophageal Cancer to Augment Abscopal Immune Responses. Adv Radiat Oncol 2022; 7:100807. [PMID: 35071830 PMCID: PMC8767243 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2021.100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Single agent PD-1 inhibitors have yielded durable responses in a minority of gastroesophageal cancers. Radiation therapy has been recognized to promote antitumor immune responses and may synergize with anti-PD-1 agents. We sought to evaluate if combining palliative radiation therapy with pembrolizumab can augment antitumor immune responses in gastroesophageal cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients had metastatic gastroesophageal cancer with indication for palliative radiation therapy with ≥2 disease sites outside of the radiation field assessable for abscopal response and biopsies for laboratory correlative analyses. Palliative radiation was delivered to a dose of 30 Gy over 10 fractions. Pembrolizumab, 200 mg, was administered concurrently intravenously every 3 weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or study withdrawal, for up to 2 years. Endpoints included PD-L1 expression in pre- and posttreatment biopsies and abscopal objective response rate per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. RESULTS Of 14 enrolled patients, the objective response rate was 28.6% (95% confidence interval, 8.4%-58.1%), and the median duration of response was not reached (95% confidence interval, 6.9-NR months). Overall, 2 patients had treatment-related grade 3 to 4 adverse events with no grade 5 events. One patient discontinued therapy due to grade 4 colitis. We did not observe an association between radiation and abscopal changes in PD-L1 expression via assessment of an analogous PD-L1 Combined Positive Score, Tumor Proportion Score, Mononuclear Immune Cell Density Score, or proportion of PD-L1-expressing immune cells between pre- and posttreatment tumor biopsies. CONCLUSIONS Combining palliative radiation therapy and pembrolizumab provided promising durable responses in this patient population but we were unable to definitively distinguish abscopal biologic changes. Biomarker analyses beyond PD-L1 expression are needed to better understand putative mechanisms and identify patients who will benefit from this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Chao
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Massimo D'Apuzzo
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Paul Frankel
- Department of Biostatistics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Michael Tajon
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Shawn Solomon
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marwan Fakih
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Peter Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
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Yang J, Zhang Y, He TF, Lu Y, Wang L, Ding B, Zhong D. Ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics of short-range protein electron transfer in flavodoxin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:382-391. [PMID: 34889914 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Short-range protein electron transfer (ET) is ubiquitous in biology and is often observed in photosynthesis, photoreceptors and photoenzymes. These ET processes occur on an ultrafast timescale from femtoseconds to picoseconds at a short donor-acceptor distance within 10 Å, and thus couple with local environmental fluctuations. Here, we use oxidized Anabaena flavodoxin as a model system and have systematically studied the photoinduced redox cycle of the wild type and seven mutant proteins by femtosecond spectroscopy. We observed a series of ultrafast dynamics from the initial charge separation in 100-200 fs, subsequent charge recombination in 1-2 ps and final vibrational cooling process of the products in 3-6 ps. We further characterized the active-site solvation and observed the relaxations in 1-200 ps, indicating a nonergodic ET dynamics. With our new ET model, we uncovered a minor outer (solvent) reorganization energy and a large inner (donor and acceptor) reorganization energy, suggesting a frozen active site in the initial ultrafast ET while the back ET couples with the environment relaxations. The vibronically coupled back ET dynamics was first reported in D. vulgaris flavodoxin and here is observed in Anabaena flavodoxin again, completely due to the faster ET dynamics than the cooling relaxations. We also compared the two flavodoxin structures, revealing a stronger coupling with the donor tyrosine in Anabaena. All ultrafast ET dynamics are from the large donor-acceptor couplings and the minor activation barriers due to the reaction free energies being close to the inner reorganization energies. These observations should be general to many redox reactions in flavoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Yangyi Lu
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Bei Ding
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Dongping Zhong
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. .,Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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6
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Wortman JC, He TF, Solomon S, Zhang RZ, Rosario A, Wang R, Tu TY, Schmolze D, Yuan Y, Yost SE, Li X, Levine H, Atwal G, Lee PP, Yu CC. Spatial distribution of B cells and lymphocyte clusters as a predictor of triple-negative breast cancer outcome. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:84. [PMID: 34210991 PMCID: PMC8249408 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While tumor infiltration by CD8+ T cells is now widely accepted to predict outcomes, the clinical significance of intratumoral B cells is less clear. We hypothesized that spatial distribution rather than density of B cells within tumors may provide prognostic significance. We developed statistical techniques (fractal dimension differences and a box-counting method 'occupancy') to analyze the spatial distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our results indicate that B cells in good outcome tumors (no recurrence within 5 years) are spatially dispersed, while B cells in poor outcome tumors (recurrence within 3 years) are more confined. While most TILs are located within the stroma, increased numbers of spatially dispersed lymphocytes within cancer cell islands are associated with a good prognosis. B cells and T cells often form lymphocyte clusters (LCs) identified via density-based clustering. LCs consist either of T cells only or heterotypic mixtures of B and T cells. Pure B cell LCs were negligible in number. Compared to tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), LCs have fewer lymphocytes at lower densities. Both types of LCs are more abundant and more spatially dispersed in good outcomes compared to poor outcome tumors. Heterotypic LCs in good outcome tumors are smaller and more numerous compared to poor outcome. Heterotypic LCs are also closer to cancer islands in a good outcome, with LC size decreasing as they get closer to cancer cell islands. These results illuminate the significance of the spatial distribution of B cells and LCs within tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C Wortman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Solomon
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Robert Z Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Rosario
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Roger Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Travis Y Tu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Schmolze
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Susan E Yost
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Bioengineering and the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Department of Bioengineering and the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gurinder Atwal
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Clare C Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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7
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Liu SJ, Wang J, He TF, Liu HS, Piao XS. Effects of natural capsicum extract on growth performance, nutrient utilization, antioxidant status, immune function, and meat quality in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101301. [PMID: 34273651 PMCID: PMC8313837 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was conducted to determine the effects of natural capsaicin extract (NCE) as an alternative to the antibiotic (chlortetracycline, CTC) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 168 one-day-old Arbor Acre male broiler chickens with an average weight of 46.4 ± 0.6 g were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments, with 7 replicates per treatment and 8 broilers per pen. These 3 dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON), a basal diet + 75 mg/kg CTC (CTC), and a basal diet + 80 mg/kg NCE (NCE). Broilers from the NCE group showed higher average daily gain compared to broilers from the CON group at all stages (P < 0.05). On d 42, NCE supplementation improved dietary nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy compared to nonsupplemented or CTC-supplemented diets (P < 0.05). The digestibility of organic matter and crude protein were higher in the NCE diet than in the CON or CTC diets (P < 0.05). Higher relative weight of bursa of Fabricius was observed in broilers fed NCE diets compared with CON (P < 0.05). Pancreatic trypsin and lipase activities were significantly increased in the NCE group compared with those in the CON group (P < 0.05). The value of lightness (L*) of breast muscles from broilers fed NCE diets was significantly lower compared to those fed CON diets (P < 0.05). Broilers fed NCE diets also had higher levels of serum total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and lower levels of interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α compared with broilers fed CON diets (P < 0.05). The liver catalase activity of broilers was also significantly increased in the NCE group than the CON group (P < 0.05). In addition, broilers from NCE group had lower concentrations of serum urea-N, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol, and higher concentration of growth hormone compared with those from the CON group (P < 0.05). Therefore, we concluded that supplementation of 80 mg/kg of NCE in diets could improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status, immune function, and meat quality in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - T F He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - H S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - X S Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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8
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Lewinsky H, Gunes EG, David K, Radomir L, Kramer MP, Pellegrino B, Perpinial M, Chen J, He TF, Mansour AG, Teng KY, Bhattacharya S, Caserta E, Troadec E, Lee P, Feng M, Keats J, Krishnan A, Rosenzweig M, Yu J, Caligiuri MA, Cohen Y, Shevetz O, Becker-Herman S, Pichiorri F, Rosen S, Shachar I. CD84 is a regulator of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in multiple myeloma. JCI Insight 2021; 6:141683. [PMID: 33465053 PMCID: PMC7934939 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by an accumulation of malignant plasma cells (PCs) within the BM. The BM microenvironment supports survival of the malignant cells and is composed of cellular fractions that foster myeloma development and progression by suppression of the immune response. Despite major progress in understanding the biology and pathophysiology of MM, this disease is still incurable and requires aggressive treatment with significant side effects. CD84 is a self-binding immunoreceptor belonging to the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family. Previously, we showed that CD84 bridges between chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and their microenvironment, and it regulates T cell function. In the current study, we investigated the role of CD84 in MM. Our results show that MM cells express low levels of CD84. However, these cells secrete the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which induces CD84 expression on cells in their microenvironment. Its activation leads to an elevation of expression of genes regulating differentiation to monocytic/granulocytic–myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs and G-MDSCs, respectively) and upregulation of PD-L1 expression on MDSCs, which together suppress T cell function. Downregulation of CD84 or its blocking reduce MDSC accumulation, resulting in elevated T cell activity and reduced tumor load. Our data suggest that CD84 might serve as a novel therapeutic target in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Lewinsky
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Emine G Gunes
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Keren David
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lihi Radomir
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Matthias P Kramer
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bianca Pellegrino
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Perpinial
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | - Kun-Yu Teng
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Supriyo Bhattacharya
- Translational Bioinformatics, Center for Informatics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Enrico Caserta
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Estelle Troadec
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Peter Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Mingye Feng
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Keats
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Amrita Krishnan
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Michael Rosenzweig
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | | | - Yosef Cohen
- Sanz Medical Center, Laniado Medical Center, Netanya, Israel
| | - Olga Shevetz
- Hematology Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shirly Becker-Herman
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Steven Rosen
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Idit Shachar
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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9
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Yu CC, Wortman JC, He TF, Solomon S, Zhang RZ, Rosario A, Wang R, Tu TY, Schmolze D, Yuan Y, Yost SE, Li X, Levine H, Atwal G, Lee PP. Physics approaches to the spatial distribution of immune cells in tumors. Rep Prog Phys 2021; 84:022601. [PMID: 33232952 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abcd7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The goal of immunotherapy is to mobilize the immune system to kill cancer cells. Immunotherapy is more effective and, in general, the prognosis is better, when more immune cells infiltrate the tumor. We explore the question of whether the spatial distribution rather than just the density of immune cells in the tumor is important in forecasting whether cancer recurs. After reviewing previous work on this issue, we introduce a novel application of maximum entropy to quantify the spatial distribution of discrete point-like objects. We apply our approach to B and T cells in images of tumor tissue taken from triple negative breast cancer patients. We find that the immune cells are more spatially dispersed in good clinical outcome (no recurrence of cancer within at least 5 years of diagnosis) compared to poor clinical outcome (recurrence within 3 years of diagnosis). Our results highlight the importance of spatial distribution of immune cells within tumors with regard to clinical outcome, and raise new questions on their role in cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare C Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Juliana C Wortman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Shawn Solomon
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Robert Z Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Anthony Rosario
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Roger Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Travis Y Tu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Daniel Schmolze
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Susan E Yost
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Bioengineering and the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Herbert Levine
- Department of Bioengineering and the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Gurinder Atwal
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, United States of America
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
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10
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Yu G, Li X, He TF, Gruosso T, Zuo D, Souleimanova M, Ramos VM, Omeroglu A, Meterissian S, Guiot MC, Yang L, Yuan Y, Park M, Lee PP, Levine H. Abstract PO-080: Predicting relapse in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) using a deep-learning approach. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.tumhet2020-po-080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The abundance and/or precise location of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), especially CD8+ T cells, can serve as a prognostic indicator in various types of solid tumors. However, it is often difficult to select an appropriate algorithm in order to stratify patients into well-defined risk groups. More importantly, patient stratification results often depends on the selection of tumor regions, where subjective judgement could affect the final results. On the other hand, machine-learning approaches can help to stratify patients in an objective and automatic fashion. Based on immunofluorescence (IF) images of CD8+ T lymphocytes and cancer cells, we develop a machine-learning approach which can predict the risk of relapse for patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Tumor-section images from 9 patients with poor outcome and 15 patients with good outcome were used as a training set. Tumor-section images of 29 patients in an independent cohort were used to test the predictive power of our algorithm. One of the key innovations is dissecting the section images into patches in a size of 640 µm x 640 µm for training and test, which allows one to make use of the information in the section images despite the small number of patients. In the test cohort, 6 (out of 29) patients who belong to the poor-outcome group were all correctly identified by our algorithm; for the 23 (out of 29) patients who belong to the good-outcome group, 17 were correctly predicted with some evidence that improvement is possible if other measures, such as the grade of tumors, are factored in. Our approach does not involve arbitrarily defined metrics and can be applied to other types of cancer in which the abundance/location of CD8+ T lymphocytes/other types of cells is an indicator of prognosis. Furthermore, we showed that using limited parts of the tumor section image for predictions would give rise to inaccurate results, which suggests that tumor heterogeneity should be carefully taken into account for a rigorous evaluation of the outcome. In summary, despite the limited number of patients, we demonstrated that the deep-learning approach can make good use information in the infiltration pattern of CD8+ T lymphocytes and thereby enable prognosis. Additional data collection efforts should be made to eventually enable a more rigorous analysis.
Citation Format: Guangyuan Yu, Xuefei Li, Ting-Fang He, Tina Gruosso, Dongmei Zuo, Margarita Souleimanova, Valentina Muñoz Ramos, Atilla Omeroglu, Sarkis Meterissian, Marie-Christine Guiot, Li Yang, Yuan Yuan, Morag Park, Peter P. Lee, Herbert Levine. Predicting relapse in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) using a deep-learning approach [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-080.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ting-Fang He
- 2City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Yang
- 1Rice University, Houston, TX,
| | - Yuan Yuan
- 2City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA,
| | - Morag Park
- 3McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,
| | - Peter P. Lee
- 2City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA,
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11
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Yu G, Li X, He TF, Gruosso T, Zuo D, Souleimanova M, Ramos VM, Omeroglu A, Meterissian S, Guiot MC, Yang L, Yuan Y, Park M, Lee PP, Levine H. Predicting Relapse in Patients With Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Using a Deep-Learning Approach. Front Physiol 2020; 11:511071. [PMID: 33071806 PMCID: PMC7538858 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.511071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundance and/or location of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), especially CD8+ T cells, in solid tumors can serve as a prognostic indicator in various types of cancer. However, it is often difficult to select an appropriate threshold value in order to stratify patients into well-defined risk groups. It is also important to select appropriate tumor regions to quantify the abundance of TILs. On the other hand, machine-learning approaches can stratify patients in an unbiased and automatic fashion. Based on immunofluorescence (IF) images of CD8+ T lymphocytes and cancer cells, we develop a machine-learning approach which can predict the risk of relapse for patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Tumor-section images from 9 patients with poor outcome and 15 patients with good outcome were used as a training set. Tumor-section images of 29 patients in an independent cohort were used to test the predictive power of our algorithm. In the test cohort, 6 (out of 29) patients who belong to the poor-outcome group were all correctly identified by our algorithm; for the 23 (out of 29) patients who belong to the good-outcome group, 17 were correctly predicted with some evidence that improvement is possible if other measures, such as the grade of tumors, are factored in. Our approach does not involve arbitrarily defined metrics and can be applied to other types of cancer in which the abundance/location of CD8+ T lymphocytes/other types of cells is an indicator of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xuefei Li
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Tina Gruosso
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dongmei Zuo
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Atilla Omeroglu
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarkis Meterissian
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Guiot
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Morag Park
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Herbert Levine
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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12
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Long SF, He TF, Wu D, Yang M, Piao XS. Forsythia suspensa extract enhances performance via the improvement of nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status, anti-inflammatory function, and gut morphology in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4217-4226. [PMID: 32867965 PMCID: PMC7598019 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment aims to determine the effects of Forsythia suspense extract (FSE) as an antibiotic substitute on performance, antioxidant status, anti-inflammatory function, intestinal morphology, and meat fatty acid deposition in broilers. 192 male Arbor Acre broilers (1-day-old, weighing 45.6 ± 1.3 g) were randomly allocated to 3 treatments, 8 replicate pens per treatment, 8 broilers per pen. The treatments contain a control diet (corn-soybean meal basal diet, CTL), an antibiotic diet (basal diet + 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline, CTC), and an FSE diet (basal diet + 100 mg/kg FSE; FSE). The experiment includes phase 1 (day 1 to 21) and 2 (day 22 to 42). Compared with CTL and CTC, broilers supplemented with FSE showed higher (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI in phase 2 and overall (day 1 to 42). On day 21, serum catalase and total antioxidant capacity contents were enhanced (P < 0.05) in broilers fed FSE compared with CTL. On day 42, broilers fed FSE showed increased (P < 0.05) serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase contents, and enhanced (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy, total carbohydrates, and phosphorus, as well as reduced (P < 0.05) nitrogen and phosphorus excretion in feces compared with CTL. These broilers also showed decreased (P < 0.05) n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in thigh meat, and tumor necrotic factor-alpha, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 contents in the liver on day 42 compared with CTL. The villus height was increased (P < 0.05) in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers fed FSE compared with CTL. In conclusion, dietary F.suspense extract supplementation as a chlortetracycline substitute under non-challenge conditions enhanced performance via the improvement of nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status, anti-inflammatory function, and intestinal morphology in broilers. Moreover, F.suspense extract may also benefit environment by reducing nitrogen and phosphorus excretion and benefit human health via modulating meat fatty acid profiles in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - T F He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - D Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - M Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - X S Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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13
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Zhang LH, He TF, Hu JX, Li M, Piao XS. Effects of normal and low calcium and phosphorus levels and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation on performance, serum antioxidant status, meat quality, and bone properties of broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5663-5672. [PMID: 33142484 PMCID: PMC7647707 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effects of normal and low dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) supplementation on performance, serum antioxidant status, meat quality, and bone properties of broilers, 224 1-day-old Arbor Acre male broilers were used in this study. Broilers were allotted randomly to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement that included normal or low Ca and P diet with or without 69 μg/kg 25-OH-D3. The trial consists of a starter phase from day 1 to 21 and a grower phase from day 22 to 42. Dietary 25-OH-D3 supplementation increased (P < 0.05) average daily weight gain from day 22 to 42 and decreased feed conversation ratio from day 22 to 42 and day 0 to 42. On day 21, 25-OH-D3 increased serum concentrations of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase in broilers fed low Ca and P diet (Interaction, P < 0.05). 25-hydroxycholecalciferol significantly decreased serum malondialdehyde concentration. Dietary Ca and P deficiencies significantly decreased serum Ca and P concentrations and increased serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration, and serum Ca and 25-OH-D3 concentrations were significantly increased by 25-OH-D3 supplementation. On day 42, serum T-AOC and CAT concentrations were decreased by dietary Ca and P deficiencies without 25-OH-D3 (Interaction, P < 0.05) and unaffected by dietary Ca and P deficiencies with 25-OH-D3. Dietary Ca and P deficiencies significantly decreased Ca, P, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations and increased PTH concentration in serum. Dietary 25-OH-D3 increased (P < 0.05) serum Ca and 25-OH-D3 concentrations and decreased (P < 0.05) serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase concentration. The interaction between CaP level and 25-OH-D3 was observed (P < 0.05) for tibial Ca content and femoral bone density. 25-hydroxycholecalciferol significantly increased tibial breaking strength. These data indicated that 25-OH-D3 supplementation at 69 μg/kg increased growth performance in some periods, enhanced serum antioxidant capacity, and improved bone mineralization and breaking strength of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - T F He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - J X Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - M Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - X S Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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14
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Shang QH, Liu SJ, He TF, Liu HS, Mahfuz S, Ma XK, Piao XS. Effects of wheat bran in comparison to antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal immunity, barrier function, and microbial composition in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4929-4938. [PMID: 32988529 PMCID: PMC7598142 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of wheat bran (WB) and antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal immunity, barrier function, and microbial composition in broiler chickens. A total of 168 one-day-old male Arbor Acre chicks were allocated to 3 treatments consisting of 7 replicates with 8 birds per replicate. The 3 treatments were: an antibiotic-free control diet (control, CON), CON + 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline as an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP), and CON + 3% WB. Birds fed AGP and WB had greater (P < 0.05) ADG during days 1 to 21 and lower (P < 0.05) feed-to-gain ratio during each phase than those fed CON. The WB supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α and diamine oxidase activity compared with CON on both day 21 and 42. The AGP and WB supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) interleukin-1β concentration in jejunal mucosa on day 21 and increased (P < 0.05) secretory immunoglobulin A concentration in jejunal mucosa on day 21 and 42. The relative expression of occludin in jejunal mucosa was upregulated (P < 0.05) in WB than in CON on day 21. Moreover, both AGP and WB supplementation upregulated (P < 0.05) the relative expression of zonula occludens-1 in jejunal mucosa on day 21 and 42. The WB supplementation enhanced the α-diversity of cecal microbiota, as evidenced by the increased Shannon index (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, the phylum Firmicutes was enriched (P < 0.05) in WB. At the genus level, the WB supplementation enriched (P < 0.05) Lachnoclostridium and Butyricicoccus. The WB supplementation increased (P < 0.05) cecal total short chain fatty acids concentrations on day 21 and 42, and butyric acid concentrations on day 42 compared with CON. Collectively, supplementation of 3% WB could promote growth by improving intestinal immunity, barrier function, and microbial composition in broilers. Thus, WB may have a role in replacing antibiotics for improved growth performance and intestinal health in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q H Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - S J Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - T F He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - H S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - S Mahfuz
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - X K Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - X S Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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15
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Wortman JC, He TF, Rosario A, Wang R, Schmolze D, Yuan Y, Yost SE, Li X, Levine H, Atwal G, Lee P, Yu CC. Occupancy and Fractal Dimension Analyses of the Spatial Distribution of Cytotoxic (CD8+) T Cells Infiltrating the Tumor Microenvironment in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793048020500022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Favorable outcomes have been associated with high densities of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) such as cytotoxic ([Formula: see text]) T cells. However, the clinical significance of the spatial distribution of TILs is less well understood. We have developed novel statistical techniques to characterize the spatial distribution of TILs at various length scales. These include a box counting method that we call “occupancy” and novel applications of fractal dimensions. We apply these techniques to the spatial distribution of [Formula: see text] T cells in the tumor microenvironment of tissue resected from 35 triple negative breast cancer patients. We find that there is a distinct difference in the spatial distribution of [Formula: see text] T cells between good clinical outcome (no recurrence within at least 5 years of diagnosis) and poor clinical outcome (recurrence within 3 years of diagnosis). The statistical significance of the difference between good and poor outcome in the occupancy, fractal dimension (FD), and FD difference of [Formula: see text] T cells is comparable to that of the [Formula: see text] T cell density. Even when we randomly exclude some of the cells so that the images have the same cell density, we still find that the fractal dimension at short length scales is correlated with cancer recurrence, implying that the actual spatial distribution of [Formula: see text] cells, and not just the [Formula: see text] cell density, is associated with clinical outcome. The occupancy and FD difference indicate that the [Formula: see text] T cells are more spatially dispersed in good outcome and more aggregated in poor outcome. We discuss possible interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C. Wortman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine 92697, CA, USA
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Cancer Immunotherapeutics & Tumor Immunology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte 91010, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Rosario
- Cancer Immunotherapeutics & Tumor Immunology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte 91010, CA, USA
| | - Roger Wang
- Cancer Immunotherapeutics & Tumor Immunology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte 91010, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Schmolze
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte 91010, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte 91010, CA, USA
| | - Susan E. Yost
- Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte 91010, CA, USA
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Bioengineering and the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Department of Bioengineering and the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Gurinder Atwal
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Peter Lee
- Cancer Immunotherapeutics & Tumor Immunology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte 91010, CA, USA
| | - Clare C. Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine 92697, CA, USA
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16
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He TF, Yost SE, Frankel PH, Dagis A, Cao Y, Wang R, Rosario A, Tu TY, Solomon S, Schmolze D, Mortimer J, Lee P, Yuan Y. Multi-panel immunofluorescence analysis of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in triple negative breast cancer: Evolution of tumor immune profiles and patient prognosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229955. [PMID: 32150594 PMCID: PMC7062237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary changes in immune profiles of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are not well understood, although it is known that immune checkpoint inhibitors have diminished activity in heavily pre-treated TNBC patients. This study was designed to characterize immune profile changes of longitudinal tumor specimens by studying immune subsets of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in paired primary and metastatic TNBC in a cohort of "poor outcome" (relapsed within 5 years) patients. Immune profiles of TNBCs in a cohort of "good outcome" (no relapse within 5 years) patients were also analyzed. Immune subsets were characterized for CD4, CD8, FOXP3, CD20, CD33, and PD1 using immuno-fluorescence staining in stroma, tumor, and combined stroma and tumor tissue. TIL subsets in "good outcome" versus "poor outcome" patients were also analyzed. Compared with primary, metastatic TNBCs had significantly lower TILs by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Stromal TILs (sTILs), but not tumoral TILs (tTILs) had significantly reduced cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs), PD1+ CTLs, and total PD1+ TILs in metastatic compared with matched primary TNBCs. Higher PD1+ CTLs, PD1+CD4+ helper T cells (PD1+TCONV) and all PD1+ T cells in sTILs, tTILs and total stromal and tumor TILS (s+tTIL) were all associated with better prognosis. In summary, TIL subsets decrease significantly in metastatic TNBCs compared with matched primary. Higher PD1+ TILs are associated with better prognosis in early stage TNBCs. This finding supports the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors early in the treatment of TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Fang He
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Yost
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Paul H. Frankel
- Department of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Dagis
- Department of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Roger Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Anthony Rosario
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Travis Yiwey Tu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Shawn Solomon
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Schmolze
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Joanne Mortimer
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Peter Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
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Egelston CA, Avalos C, Tu TY, Rosario A, Wang R, Solomon S, Srinivasan G, Nelson MS, Huang Y, Lim MH, Simons DL, He TF, Yim JH, Kruper L, Mortimer J, Yost S, Guo W, Ruel C, Frankel PH, Yuan Y, Lee PP. Resident memory CD8+ T cells within cancer islands mediate survival in breast cancer patients. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130000. [PMID: 31465302 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) correlate with relapse-free survival (RFS) in most cancer types, including breast cancer. However, subset composition, functional status, and spatial location of CD8+ TILs in relation to RFS in human breast tumors remain unclear. Spatial tissue analysis via quantitative immunofluorescence showed that infiltration of CD8+ T cells into cancer islands was more significantly associated with RFS than CD8+ T cell infiltration into either tumor stroma or total tumor. Localization into cancer islands within tumors is mediated by expression of the integrin CD103, which is a marker for tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs). Analysis of fresh tumor samples revealed that CD8+ TRMs are functionally similar to other CD8+ TILs, suggesting that the basis of their protective effect is their spatial distribution rather than functional differences. Indeed, CD103+ TRMs, as compared with CD103-CD8+ TILs, are enriched within cancer islands, and CD8+ TRM proximity to cancer cells drives the association of CD8+ TIL densities with RFS. Together, these findings reveal the importance of cancer island-localized CD8+ TRMs in surveillance of the breast tumor microenvironment and as a critical determinant of RFS in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher Ruel
- Department of Biostatistics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Paul H Frankel
- Department of Biostatistics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
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Poultsidi A, Dimopoulos Y, He TF, Chavakis T, Saloustros E, Lee PP, Petrovas C. Lymph Node Cellular Dynamics in Cancer and HIV: What Can We Learn for the Follicular CD4 (Tfh) Cells? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2233. [PMID: 30319664 PMCID: PMC6170630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are central in the generation of adaptive immune responses. Follicular helper CD4 T (Tfh) cells, a highly differentiated CD4 population, provide critical help for the development of antigen-specific B cell responses within the germinal center. Throughout the past decade, numerous studies have revealed the important role of Tfh cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pathogenesis as well as in the development of neutralizing antibodies post-infection and post-vaccination. It has also been established that tumors influence various immune cell subsets not only in their proximity, but also in draining lymph nodes. The role of local or tumor associated lymph node Tfh cells in disease progression is emerging. Comparative studies of Tfh cells in chronic infections and cancer could therefore provide novel information with regards to their differentiation plasticity and to the mechanisms regulating their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Poultsidi
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Yiannis Dimopoulos
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Saloustros
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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19
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Blenman KRM, He TF, Frankel PH, Ruel NH, Schwartz EJ, Krag DN, Tan LK, Yim JH, Mortimer JE, Yuan Y, Lee PP. Sentinel lymph node B cells can predict disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. NPJ Breast Cancer 2018; 4:28. [PMID: 30155518 PMCID: PMC6107630 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-018-0081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor invasion into draining lymph nodes, especially sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), is a key determinant of prognosis and treatment in breast cancer as part of the TNM staging system. Using multicolor histology and quantitative image analysis, we quantified immune cells within SLNs from a discovery cohort of 76 breast cancer patients. We found statistically more in situ CD3+ T cells in tumor negative vs. tumor positive nodes (mean of 8878 vs. 6704, respectively, p = 0.006), but no statistical difference in CD20+ B cells or CD1a+ dendritic cells. In univariate analysis, a reduced hazard was seen with a unit increase in log CD3 with HR 0.49 (95% CI 0.30–0.80) and log CD20 with HR 0.37 (95% CI 0.22–0.62). In multivariate analysis, log CD20 remained significant with HR 0.42 (95% CI 0.25–0.69). When restricted to SLN tumor negative patients, increased log CD20 was still associated with improved DFS (HR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.08–0.90). The CD20 results were validated in a separate cohort of 21 patients (n = 11 good outcome, n = 10 poor outcome) with SLN negative triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (“good” mean of 7011 vs. “poor” mean of 4656, p = 0.002). Our study demonstrates that analysis of immune cells within SLNs, regardless of tumor invasion status, may provide additional prognostic information, and highlights B cells within SLNs as important in preventing future recurrence. B cells within the tumor-draining lymph nodes may have an important biological role in preventing relapse of breast cancer. A team led by Peter Lee from City of Hope in Duarte, California, USA, quantified the levels of three populations of immune cells—T cells, B cells and dendritic cells—within sentinel lymph nodes biopsied from a cohort of 76 patients. They found that larger numbers of T cells and B cells were both linked to longer progression-free survival in the women. However, after statistically accounting for correlations between the two immune cell types, the researchers concluded that B cells had the dominant beneficial effect on survival times. They validated the finding that high B-cell counts are a prognostic indicator of better outcomes in a separate cohort of 21 women with triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim R M Blenman
- 1Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA USA.,8Present Address: Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Ting-Fang He
- 1Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Paul H Frankel
- 2Department of Biostatistics, City of Hope and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Nora H Ruel
- 2Department of Biostatistics, City of Hope and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Erich J Schwartz
- 3Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA.,9Present Address: Department of Pathology, Beaumont Health, Farmington Hills, MI USA
| | - David N Krag
- 4Department of Surgery, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Lee K Tan
- 5Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - John H Yim
- 6Department of Surgery, City of Hope and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Joanne E Mortimer
- 7Department of Women's Health, City of Hope and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- 7Department of Women's Health, City of Hope and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Peter P Lee
- 1Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA USA
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Kundu M, He TF, Lu Y, Wang L, Zhong D. Short-Range Electron Transfer in Reduced Flavodoxin: Ultrafast Nonequilibrium Dynamics Coupled with Protein Fluctuations. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2782-2790. [PMID: 29722985 PMCID: PMC7304529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Short-range electron transfer (ET) in proteins is an ultrafast process on the similar time scales as local protein-solvent fluctuation, and thus the two dynamics are coupled. Here we use semiquinone flavodoxin and systematically characterized the photoinduced redox cycle with 11 mutations of different aromatic electron donors (tryptophan and tyrosine) and local residues to change redox properties. We observed the forward and backward ET dynamics in a few picoseconds, strongly following a stretched behavior resulting from a coupling between local environment relaxations and these ET processes. We further observed the hot vibrational-state formation through charge recombination and the subsequent cooling dynamics also in a few picoseconds. Combined with the ET studies in oxidized flavodoxin, these results coherently reveal the evolution of the ET dynamics from single to stretched exponential behaviors and thus elucidate critical time scales for the coupling. The observed hot vibration-state formation is robust and should be considered in all photoinduced back ET processes in flavoproteins.
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21
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Yuan Y, Kos FJ, He TF, Yin HH, Li M, Hardwick N, Zurcher K, Schmolze D, Lee P, Pillai RK, Chung V, Diamond DJ. Complete regression of cutaneous metastases with systemic immune response in a patient with triple negative breast cancer receiving p53MVA vaccine with pembrolizumab. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1363138. [PMID: 29209571 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1363138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A heavily pretreated patient with triple negative breast cancer distinguished by cutaneous metastases received p53MVA vaccine in combination with pembrolizumab. Her cutaneous metastases regressed and after 2 cycles of therapy, a skin biopsy showed a complete pathological response. Systemic response was confirmed with restaging CT and bone scans. Activation of p53-specific T cell responses and elevation of multiple immune response genes in peripheral blood correlated with the rapid clinical response which lasted for 6 months after the initiation of combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ferdynand J Kos
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hongwei H Yin
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mengsha Li
- Research Operations, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Nicola Hardwick
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Zurcher
- Research Operations, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Schmolze
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Peter Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Raju K Pillai
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Chung
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Don J Diamond
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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Qian XJ, Shen YP, He TF, Xu GZ, Gu SH. [Relationship between particulate matters and cardio-cerebrovascular mortality in Ningbo: a time-series study]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2017; 37:841-5. [PMID: 27346113 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the short-term effect of particulate matters with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 10 μg (PM10) and aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 μg (PM2.5) on cardio-cerebrovascular mortality in Ningbo city. METHODS Daily cardio-cerebrovascular mortality data from 2011 to 2014 in Ningbo city were collected and the time series study using a semi-parametric generalized additive model were used to evaluate the relationship between the mortality of cardio-cerebrovascular disease and particulate matters after adjustment for the long-term trend of death,weather conditions, "days of the week" and other confounding factors. RESULTS In single-pollutant model, the short-term effects of particulate matter on cardio-cerebrovascular mortality was strongest in lagged 2 days in Ningbo city, and an increase of 10 μg/m(3) in moving average concentrations (lagged 2-3 days and lagged 2-4 days) of PM2.5 and PM10 could increase the cardio-cerebrovascular mortality by 0.55% (0.23%-0.87%) and 0.53% (0.28%-0.78%), respectively. In multi-pollutant models, PM10 did remain robust after being adjusted for PM2.5 with 0.58% (0.09%-1.07%) increase in cardio-cerebrovascular mortality. The effect of PM2.5 had no statistical significantce after being adjusted for other co-pollutants. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that the concentrations of ambient particulate matters were associated with an increased risk of daily cardio-cerebrovascular mortality in Ningbo city.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Y P Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - T F He
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - G Z Xu
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - S H Gu
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
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23
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Qian XJ, Li GX, He TF, Li H, Huang J, Xu GZ, Guo XB, Li L. [Acute effect of air pollutants (carbon monoxide and ozone) on myocardial infarction mortality in Ningbo]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2017; 38:297-302. [PMID: 28329928 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O(3)) in the air on the myocardial infarction mortality in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, from 2011 to 2015. Methods: The data of daily air quality surveillance and the causes of deaths in Ningbo from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015 were collected and the time series study using a generalized additive model was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the mortality of myocardial infarction and the air pollutants after adjustment for the long-term trend of death, weather conditions," days of the week" and other confounding factors. Results: The daily average concentrations of CO and O(3) in Ningbo during 2011-2015 were 0.90 (0.02-3.31) mg/m(3) and 82.78 (4-236) μg/m(3), respectively. A total of 5 388 myocardial infarction deaths occurred, with a daily average of 3 deaths. In single-pollutant model, an increase of 0.1 mg/m(3) in average concentration of CO could increase the risk of myocardial infarction mortality by 1.06% (95% CI: 0.29%-1.93%) in general population, and by 1.26% (95% CI:0.28%-2.24%) in aged people aged ≥65 years in lagged 6 days, but the influence was not significant in people aged <65 years. The influence had no significant difference in males, but it increased the risk of myocardial infarction mortality by 1.77% in females (95% CI: 0.44%-3.13%). In multi-pollutant model, CO did remain robust after adjusting for other co-pollutants. Whereas the effect of O(3) had no significant influence. Conclusion: These findings suggested that the increased risk of daily myocardial infarction mortality was associated with the increase of CO concentration, but no such association was found for O(3) in Ningbo.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Qian
- Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - G X Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - T F He
- Ningbo Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - H Li
- Ningbo Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - J Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - G Z Xu
- Ningbo Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - X B Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - L Li
- Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
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24
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Gu SH, Wang AH, Bian GL, He TF, Yi B, Lu BB, Li XH, Xu GZ. [Relationship between weather factors and heat stroke in Ningbo city]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2016; 37:1131-6. [PMID: 27539347 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the main effects of weather factors on heat stroke. METHODS Data from case report on heat stroke was collected in Ningbo city during 2011 to 2014. Temperature threshold, lag effects and interaction of weather factors on heat stroke had been analyzed, using the piecewise regression model, distributed lag non-linear model, response surface model and other methods. RESULTS RESULTS showed that temperature and humidity were more correlated with heat stroke than other weather-related factors. Through different models, daily average temperature always presented a better role in predicting the heat stroke, rather than maximum or minimum temperature. Positive association between daily average temperature and heat stroke was obvious, especially at lag 0-1 days, with its threshold as 29.1 (95% CI: 28.7-29.5) ℃ . The cumulative RR of heat stroke at 90(th) percentile of daily average temperature versus 10(th) percentile was 14.05 (95% CI: 7.23-27.31) in lag 0-1 days. The effects of daily relative humidity on heat stroke appeared nonlinear, with low humidity showing a negative effect on heat stroke and could lag for 1-4 days. However, the effect of high humidity was not significant, with the cumulative RR of low humidity and high humidity as 2.35 (95%CI: 1.27-4.33) and 0.86 (95%CI: 0.40-1.85) in lag of 0-4 days, respectively. We also noticed that there was an interactive effect of both temperature and humidity on heat stroke. Under high temperature and low humidity, the risk of heat stroke showed the highest. CONCLUSIONS Temperature and humidity showed obvious relationship with heat stroke in Ningbo city, with the threshold temperature as 29.1 ℃. Under high temperature and low humidity, the risk of heat stroke became the highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Gu
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China Gu Shaohua and Wang Aihong are the first authors who contributed equally to the article
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25
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Shah S, Lubeck E, Schwarzkopf M, He TF, Greenbaum A, Sohn CH, Lignell A, Choi HMT, Gradinaru V, Pierce NA, Cai L. Single-molecule RNA detection at depth by hybridization chain reaction and tissue hydrogel embedding and clearing. Development 2016; 143:2862-7. [PMID: 27342713 PMCID: PMC5004914 DOI: 10.1242/dev.138560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and robust detection of mRNA molecules in thick tissue samples can reveal gene expression patterns in single cells within their native environment. Preserving spatial relationships while accessing the transcriptome of selected cells is a crucial feature for advancing many biological areas – from developmental biology to neuroscience. However, because of the high autofluorescence background of many tissue samples, it is difficult to detect single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) signals robustly in opaque thick samples. Here, we draw on principles from the emerging discipline of dynamic nucleic acid nanotechnology to develop a robust method for multi-color, multi-RNA imaging in deep tissues using single-molecule hybridization chain reaction (smHCR). Using this approach, single transcripts can be imaged using epifluorescence, confocal or selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) depending on the imaging depth required. We show that smHCR has high sensitivity in detecting mRNAs in cell culture and whole-mount zebrafish embryos, and that combined with SPIM and PACT (passive CLARITY technique) tissue hydrogel embedding and clearing, smHCR can detect single mRNAs deep within thick (0.5 mm) brain slices. By simultaneously achieving ∼20-fold signal amplification and diffraction-limited spatial resolution, smHCR offers a robust and versatile approach for detecting single mRNAs in situ, including in thick tissues where high background undermines the performance of unamplified smFISH. Summary: Single-molecule hybridization chain reaction, combined with tissue clearing, allows the near-quantitative and spatially localized detection of mRNAs in thick tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Shah
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eric Lubeck
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Maayan Schwarzkopf
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alon Greenbaum
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Chang Ho Sohn
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Antti Lignell
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Harry M T Choi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Niles A Pierce
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Division of Engineering & Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Long Cai
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Abstract
Intraprotein electron transfer (ET) in flavoproteins is important for understanding the correlation of their redox, configuration, and reactivity at the active site. Here, we used oxidized flavodoxin as a model system and report our complete characterization of a photoinduced redox cycle from the initial charge separation in 135-340 fs to subsequent charge recombination in 0.95-1.6 ps and to the final cooling relaxation of the product(s) in 2.5-4.3 ps. With 11 mutations at the active site, we observed that these ultrafast ET dynamics, much faster than active-site relaxation, mainly depend on the reduction potentials of the electron donors with minor changes caused by mutations, reflecting a highly localized ET reaction between the stacked donor and acceptor at a van der Waals distance and leading to a gas-phase type of bimolecular ET reaction confined in the active-site nanospace. Significantly, these ultrafast ET reactions ensure our direct observation of vibrationally excited reaction product(s), suggesting that the back ET barrier is effectively reduced because of the decrease in the total free energy in the Marcus inverted region, leading to the accelerated charge recombination. Such vibrationally coupled charge recombination should be a general feature of flavoproteins with similar configurations and interactions between the cofactor flavin and neighboring aromatic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xunmin Guo
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Dongping Zhong
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Minor PJ, He TF, Sohn CH, Asthagiri AR, Sternberg PW. FGF signaling regulates Wnt ligand expression to control vulval cell lineage polarity in C. elegans. Development 2013; 140:3882-91. [PMID: 23946444 DOI: 10.1242/dev.095687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The interpretation of extracellular cues leading to the polarization of intracellular components and asymmetric cell divisions is a fundamental part of metazoan organogenesis. The Caenorhabditis elegans vulva, with its invariant cell lineage and interaction of multiple cell signaling pathways, provides an excellent model for the study of cell polarity within an organized epithelial tissue. Here, we show that the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway acts in concert with the Frizzled homolog LIN-17 to influence the localization of SYS-1, a component of the Wnt/β-catenin asymmetry pathway, indirectly through the regulation of cwn-1. The source of the FGF ligand is the primary vulval precursor cell (VPC) P6.p, which controls the orientation of the neighboring secondary VPC P7.p by signaling through the sex myoblasts (SMs), activating the FGF pathway. The Wnt CWN-1 is expressed in the posterior body wall muscle of the worm as well as in the SMs, making it the only Wnt expressed on the posterior and anterior sides of P7.p at the time of the polarity decision. Both sources of cwn-1 act instructively to influence P7.p polarity in the direction of the highest Wnt signal. Using single molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization, we show that the FGF pathway regulates the expression of cwn-1 in the SMs. These results demonstrate an interaction between FGF and Wnt in C. elegans development and vulval cell lineage polarity, and highlight the promiscuous nature of Wnts and the importance of Wnt gradient directionality within C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Minor
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Chang CW, He TF, Guo L, Stevens JA, Li T, Wang L, Zhong D. Mapping solvation dynamics at the function site of flavodoxin in three redox states. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:12741-7. [PMID: 20731381 PMCID: PMC2943414 DOI: 10.1021/ja1050154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavoproteins are unique redox coenzymes, and the dynamic solvation at their function sites is critical to the understanding of their electron-transfer properties. Here, we report our complete characterization of the function-site solvation of holoflavodoxin in three redox states and of the binding-site solvation of apoflavodoxin. Using intrinsic flavin cofactor and tryptophan residue as the local optical probes with two site-specific mutations, we observed distinct ultrafast solvation dynamics at the function site in the three states and at the related recognition site of the cofactor, ranging from a few to hundreds of picoseconds. The initial ultrafast motion in 1-2.6 ps reflects the local water-network relaxation around the shallow, solvent-exposed function site. The second relaxation in 20-40 ps results from the coupled local water-protein fluctuation. The third dynamics in hundreds of picoseconds is from the intrinsic fluctuation of the loose loops flanking the cofactor at the function site. These solvation dynamics with different amplitudes well correlate with the redox states from the oxidized form, to the more rigid semiquinone and to the much looser hydroquinone. This observation of the redox control of local protein conformation plasticity and water network flexibility is significant, and such an intimate relationship is essential to the biological function of interprotein electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lijun Guo
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jeffrey A. Stevens
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Tanping Li
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Dongping Zhong
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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He TF. Effects of acupuncture on the number and degranulation ratio of mast cells and expression of tryptase in synovium of rats with adjuvant arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 8:670-7. [DOI: 10.3736/jcim20100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
We report here our systematic studies of excited-state dynamics of two common flavin molecules, FMN and FAD, in five redox states--oxidized form, neutral and anionic semiquinones, and neutral and anionic fully reduced hydroquinones--in solution and in inert protein environments with femtosecond resolution. Using protein environments, we were able to stabilize two semiquinone radicals and thus observed their weak emission spectra. Significantly, we observed a strong correlation between their excited-state dynamics and the planarity of their flavin isoalloxazine ring. For a bent ring structure, we observed ultrafast dynamics from a few to hundreds of picoseconds and strong excitation-wavelength dependence of emission spectra, indicating deactivation during relaxation. A butterfly bending motion is invoked to get access to conical intersection(s) to facilitate deactivation. These states include the anionic semiquinone radical and fully reduced neutral and anionic hydroquinones in solution. In a planar configuration, flavins have a long lifetime of nanoseconds, except for the stacked conformation of FAD, where intramolecular electron transfer between the ring and the adenine moiety in 5-9 ps as well as subsequent charge recombination in 30-40 ps were observed. These observed distinct dynamics, controlled by the flavin ring flexibility, are fundamental to flavoenzyme's functions, as observed in photolyase with a planar structure to lengthen the lifetime to maximize DNA repair efficiency and in insect type 1 cryptochrome with a flexible structure to vary the excited-state deactivation to modulate the functional channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Kao
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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