1
|
Park SY, Gowda Saralamma VV, Nale SD, Kim CJ, Jo YS, Baig MH, Cho J. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of purine and pyrimidine-based KRAS G12D inhibitors: Towards potential anticancer therapy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28495. [PMID: 38617914 PMCID: PMC11015380 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic RAS mutations, commonly observed in human tumors, affect approximately 30% of cancer cases and pose a significant challenge for effective cancer treatment. Current strategies to inhibit the KRAS G12D mutation have shown limited success, emphasizing the urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. In this study, we designed and synthesized several purine and pyrimidine analogs as inhibitors for the KRAS G12D mutation. Our synthesized compounds demonstrated potent anticancer activity against cell lines with the KRAS G12D mutation, effectively impeding their growth. They also exhibited low toxicity in normal cells, indicating their selective action against cancer cells harboring the KRAS G12D mutation. Notably, the lead compound, PU1-1 induced the programmed cell death of KRAS G12D-mutated cells and reduced the levels of active KRAS and its downstream signaling proteins. Moreover, PU1-1 significantly shrunk the tumor size in a pancreatic xenograft model induced by the KRAS G12D mutation, further validating its potential as a therapeutic agent. These findings highlight the potential of purine-based KRAS G12D inhibitors as candidates for targeted cancer therapy. However, further exploration and optimization of these compounds are essential to meet the unmet clinical needs of patients with KRAS-mutant cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Youn Park
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Sagar Dattatraya Nale
- BNJBiopharma, 2nd Floor Memorial Hall, 85, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Joong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seong Jo
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - JungHwan Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khan MI, Park T, Imran MA, Gowda Saralamma VV, Lee DC, Choi J, Baig MH, Dong JJ. Development of machine learning models for the screening of potential HSP90 inhibitors. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:967510. [PMID: 36339714 PMCID: PMC9626531 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.967510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone playing a significant role in the folding of client proteins. This cellular protein is linked to the progression of several cancer types, including breast cancer, lung cancer, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Several oncogenic kinases are Hsp90 clients and their activity depends on this molecular chaperone. This makes HSP90 a prominent therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Studies have confirmed the inhibition of HSP90 as a striking therapeutic treatment for cancer management. In this study, we have utilized machine learning and different in silico approaches to screen the KCB database to identify the potential HSP90 inhibitors. Further evaluation of these inhibitors on various cancer cell lines showed favorable inhibitory activity. These inhibitors could serve as a basis for future development of effective HSP90 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imran Khan
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taehwan Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Azhar Imran
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Duk Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- BNJBiopharma, Yonsei University International Campus, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae-June Dong, ; Mohammad Hassan Baig,
| | - Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae-June Dong, ; Mohammad Hassan Baig,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharma T, Saralamma VVG, Lee DC, Imran MA, Choi J, Baig MH, Dong JJ. Combining structure-based pharmacophore modeling and machine learning for the identification of novel BTK inhibitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:239-250. [PMID: 36130643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a critical enzyme which is involved in multiple signaling pathways that regulate cellular survival, activation, and proliferation, making it a major cancer therapeutic target. We applied the novel integrated structure-based pharmacophore modeling, machine learning, and other in silico studies to screen the Korean chemical database (KCB) to identify the potential BTK inhibitors (BTKi). Further evaluation of these inhibitors on three different human cancer cell lines showed significant cell growth inhibitory activity. Among the 13 compounds shortlisted, four demonstrated consistent cell inhibition activity among breast, gastric, and lung cancer cells (IC50 below 3 μM). The selected compounds also showed significant kinase inhibition activity (IC50 below 5 μM). The current study suggests the potential of these inhibitors for targeting BTK malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanuj Sharma
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Azhar Imran
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- BNJBiopharma, 2nd floor Memorial Hall, 85, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim SM, Ha SE, Lee HJ, Rampogu S, Vetrivel P, Kim HH, Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma V, Lee KW, Kim GS. Sinensetin Induces Autophagic Cell Death through p53-Related AMPK/mTOR Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082462. [PMID: 32824273 PMCID: PMC7468969 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinensetin (SIN) has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. However, the cellular and molecular mechanism by which SIN promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell death remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the induction of cell death by SIN and its underlying mechanism in HepG2 cells, an HCC cell line. We found that SIN significantly induced cell death in HepG2 cells, whereas the proliferation rate of Thle2, human liver epithelial cells, was unaffected by SIN. SIN-treated HepG2 cells were not affected by apoptotic cell death; instead, autophagic cell death was induced through the p53-mediated AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Inhibition of p53 degradation led to both autophagy and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. p53 translocation led to SIN-induced autophagy, whereas p53 translocation inhibited SIN-induced apoptosis. However, SIN showed apoptosis in the p53-mutant Hep3B cell line. Molecular docking simulation of the p53 core domain showed effective binding with SIN, which was found significant compared with the known p53 activator, RITA. Collectively, these data suggest that SIN may be a potential anti-cancer agent targeting autophagic cell death in human liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.M.K.); (S.E.H.); (P.V.); (H.H.K.)
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.M.K.); (S.E.H.); (P.V.); (H.H.K.)
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology Division, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea;
| | - Shailima Rampogu
- Division of Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.R.); (K.W.L.)
| | - Preethi Vetrivel
- Research Institute of Life science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.M.K.); (S.E.H.); (P.V.); (H.H.K.)
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.M.K.); (S.E.H.); (P.V.); (H.H.K.)
| | | | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.R.); (K.W.L.)
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.M.K.); (S.E.H.); (P.V.); (H.H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-2346
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saralamma VVG, Vetrivel P, Lee HJ, Kim SM, Ha SE, Murugesan R, Kim EH, Heo JD, Kim GS. Comparative proteomic analysis uncovers potential biomarkers involved in the anticancer effect of Scutellarein in human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:939-958. [PMID: 32705238 PMCID: PMC7388386 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scutellarein (SCU), a flavone that belongs to the flavonoid family and abundantly present in Scutellaria baicalensis a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, has been reported to exhibit anticancer effects in several cancer cell lines including gastric cancer (GC). Although our previous study documented the mechanisms of Scutellarein‑induced cytotoxic effects, the literature shows that the proteomic changes that are associated with the cellular response to SCU have been poorly understood. To avoid adverse side‑effects and significant toxicity of chemotherapy in patients who react poorly, biomarkers anticipating therapeutic responses are imperative. In the present study, we utilized a comparative proteomic analysis to identify proteins associated with Scutellarein (SCU)‑induced cell death in GC cells (AGS and SNU484), by integrating two‑dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‑DE), mass spectrometry (MS), and bioinformatics to analyze the proteins. Proteomic analysis between SCU‑treated and DMSO (control) samples successfully identified 41 (AGS) and 31 (SNU484) proteins by MALDI‑TOF/MS analysis and protein database search. Comparative proteomics analysis between AGS and SNU484 cells treated with SCU revealed a total of 7 protein identities commonly expressed and western blot analysis validated a subset of identified critical proteins, which were consistent with those of the 2‑DE outcome. Molecular docking studies also confirmed the binding affinity of SCU towards these critical proteins. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5‑bisphosphate 3‑kinase catalytic subunit β isoform (PIK3CB) protein expression was accompanied by a distinct group of cellular functions, including cell growth, and proliferation. Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), is one of the oncogenic molecules that have been shown to promote tumor growth and resistance to apoptosis and senescence‑inducing therapies. In the present study, both PIK3CB and CIP2A proteins were downregulated in SCU‑treated cells, which boosts our previous results of SCU to induce apoptosis and inhibits GC cell growth by regulating these critical proteins. The comparative proteomic analysis has yielded candidate biomarkers of response to SCU treatment in GC cell models and further validation of these biomarkers will help the future clinical development of SCU as a novel therapeutic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Preethi Vetrivel
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Biological Resources Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajeswari Murugesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641043, India
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52833, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Biological Resources Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim SM, Vetrivel P, Kim HH, Ha SE, Saralamma VVG, Kim GS. Artemisia iwayomogi (Dowijigi) inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2161-2170. [PMID: 32104280 PMCID: PMC7027351 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are an important health concern and have a growing incidence worldwide. Thus, developing novel and safe drugs to treat these disorders remains an important pursuit. Artemisia iwayomogi, locally known as Dowijigi (DJ), is a perennial herb found primarily in Korea and is used to treat various diseases such as hepatitis, inflammation and immune disorders. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of a polyphenolic extract from the DJ flower (PDJ) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells were investigated. Cell cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was measured by Griess and ELISA analysis, respectively. The expression levels of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) were examined by western blot analysis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, as well as COX2 and iNOS. The production of NO and PGE2 was significantly decreased following treatment with PDJ. The mRNA expression levels of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, COX2 and iNOS were significantly decreased in LPS-induced PDJ co-treated cells compared with the group treated with LPS alone. Western blot analysis indicated that PDJ downregulated the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX2, as well as the expression of NF-κB proteins. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PDJ exerted anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced macrophage cells by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, PDJ may be used as a potential therapeutic agent in inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Preethi Vetrivel
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vetrivel P, Kim SM, Saralamma VVG, Ha SE, Kim EH, Min TS, Kim GS. Function of flavonoids on different types of programmed cell death and its mechanism: a review. J Biomed Res 2019; 33:363. [PMCID: PMC6891872 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.33.20180126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death in the living system plays a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis and balancing the cell count in the body. Programmed cell death (PCD) is a crucial component of several development and defense mechanisms. PCD is also important in terms of aging which avoids the accumulation of cellular damage by maintaining cell division. Depending on the execution of cell death and its role in destruction, PCD is categorized into several subtypes. The major different forms of PCD in animals are apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis, which can be distinct in morphological terms. More intense investigations of cell death have given close insight showing other important types of cellular destruction and their pivotal roles in treating disease conditions like cancer. Flavonoids have been acquired a great interest for disease therapies and chemoprevention through activation of several PCD mechanisms. The significant potential of natural flavonoids in the induction of distinct signaling cascades is being a massive approach for targeting uncontrolled cell growth. For these reasons, understanding PCD mechanisms is a promising approach for the interventions in treating cancer. Thus, it is intriguing that understanding the different forms of PCD mechanism induced by flavonoids with more accurate descriptions on the biochemical and cellular processes are gaining more significance in cancer research. Here, we provide a brief overview on the different types of PCD and aim to discuss the functional role of flavonoids in promoting different types of cell death as well as an extensive brief review on their mechanism of action has been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Vetrivel
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department Institute of Women's Health Care, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52818, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sun Min
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim JA, Kim SM, Ha SE, Vetrivel P, Saralamma VVG, Kim EH, Kim GS. Sinensetin regulates age-related sarcopenia in cultured primary thigh and calf muscle cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:287. [PMID: 31660942 PMCID: PMC6819389 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia, the decline of skeletal muscle tissue attributed to primary aging is a major concern in older adults. Flavonoids might have potential benefits by modulating the regulation of satellite cells, thus preventing muscle loss. Sinensetin (SIN), a citrus methylated flavone with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity, can enhance lipolysis. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether SIN might have sarcopenia-suppressing effect on satellite cells from thigh and calf muscle tissues of young and old rats. Methods Primary muscle cells were obtained from thigh and calf tissues of young and old group rats by dissection. Obtained satellite cells were incubated with indicated concentrations of SIN (50 and 100 μM) treated and untreated condition in differentiation medium. Morphological changes of cells were examined using a phase-contrast microscope. Protein expression levels of myoD and myogenin were analyzed by Western blot. Cells treated with or without SIN under differentiation condition were also immunocytochemically stained for myogenin and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Results Morphologically, the differentiation extracted satellite cells was found to be more evident in SIN treated group of aged rat′s cells than that in SIN untreated group. Expression levels of myoD and myogenin proteins involved in myogenesis were increased upon treatment with SIN. Conclusions Collectively, our results indicate that SIN can alleviate age-related sarcopenia by increasing differentiation rate and protein levels of myoD and myogenin.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim SM, Lee SJ, Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma V, Ha SE, Vetrivel P, Desta KT, Choi JY, Lee WS, Shin SC, Kim GS. Polyphenol mixture of a native Korean variety of Artemisia argyi H. (Seomae mugwort) and its anti‑inflammatory effects. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1741-1752. [PMID: 31545396 PMCID: PMC6777688 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a polyphenolic mixture was isolated from Seomae mugwort (SM; a native Korean variety of Artemisia argyi H.) via extraction with aqueous 70% methanol followed by the elution of ethyl acetate over a silica gel column. Each polyphenolic compound was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and compared with the literature. In addition to the 14 characterized components, one hydroxy-cinnamate, six flavonoids, and one lignan were reported for the first time, to the best our knowledge, in Artemisia argyi H. The anti-inflammatory properties of SM polyphenols were studied in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The SM polyphenols attenuated the activation of macrophages via the inhibition of nitric oxide production, nuclear factor-κB activation, the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β, and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Our results suggested that SM polyphenols may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Preethi Vetrivel
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kebede Taye Desta
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray National Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Jin Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital and Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon-Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sang Eun H, Seong Min K, Ho Jeong L, Vetrivel P, Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma V, Jeong Doo H, Eun Hee K, Sang Joon L, Gon Sup K. Scutellarein Induces Fas-Mediated Extrinsic Apoptosis and G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest in Hep3B Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020263. [PMID: 30682875 PMCID: PMC6412708 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellarein (SCU), a flavone found in the perennial herb Scutellaria baicalensis, is known for a wide range of biological activities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of treatment with SCU flavonoids on inducing apoptosis via the extrinsic pathway in Hep3B cells. SCU treatment significantly inhibited Hep3B cell proliferation and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the expression level of the proteins Cdc25C, cdk1 and Cyclin B1. Allophycocyanin (APC)/Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) double-staining showed upregulation of apoptotic cell death fraction. We further confirmed apoptosis by 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescent staining and observed DNA fragmentation with agarose gel electrophoresis. Further, immunoblotting results showed that treatment with SCU showed no changes in Bax and Bcl-xL protein levels. In addition, SCU treatment did not affect the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in Hep3B cells. On the contrary, treatment with SCU increased the expression of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL), which activated cleaved caspase-8, caspase-3, and polymeric adenosine diphosphate ribose (PARP), whereas the expression level of death receptor 4 (DR4) decreased. We confirmed that the proteins expressed upon treatment with SCU were involved in the Fas-mediated pathway of apoptosis in Hep3B cells. Thus, our findings in the current study strongly imply that SCU can be a basic natural source for developing potent anti-cancer agents for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Sang Eun
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Kim Seong Min
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Lee Ho Jeong
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Biological Resources Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea.
| | - Preethi Vetrivel
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | | | - Heo Jeong Doo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Biological Resources Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea.
| | - Kim Eun Hee
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju 52833, Korea.
| | - Lee Sang Joon
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Biological Resources Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea.
| | - Kim Gon Sup
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Raha S, Kim SM, Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Heo JD, Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma V, Ha SE, Kim EH, Mun SP, Kim GS. Essential oil from Korean Chamaecyparis obtusa leaf ameliorates respiratory activity in Sprague‑Dawley rats and exhibits protection from NF-κB-induced inflammation in WI38 fibroblast cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:393-403. [PMID: 30387810 PMCID: PMC6257863 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, Korean hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), has been widely used for household and commercial purposes. Although the medicinal efficacy of hinoki cypress essential oil has been observed, that of the essential oil-derived terpenes, which exhibit a mechanism that acts against lung inflammation, remains to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of hinoki cypress leaf extracted essential oil on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated WI38 fibroblast cells by inhibiting the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, which exhibited lung tissue protection through the olfactory administration of essential oil in Sprague-Dawley rats. GC/MS analysis derived 24 terpenes from the essential oil. The morphological observations revealed that, upon LPS stimulation of WI38 fibroblast cells, inflammation was induced, whereas the condition of the cells reverted to normal in the essential oil extract pre-treated group. The results of western blot analysis revealed the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase, activation of cyclooxygnase-2, and the degradation of cytosolic p65 and inhibitor of NF-κB-α in the LPS-stimulated group. Additionally, confocal imaging of nuclei revealed the translocation of phosphorylated p65, which was recovered in the cytosol in the phytoncide essential oil pre-treated group. Histopathological observation revealed that the alveolar capacity was enhanced in the essential oil olfactory administered rat group, compared with that in the normal rat group. These findings suggest that terpenes in essential oil from the Chamaecyparis obtusa leaf have therapeutic potential against respiratory inflammation-related disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Raha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Toxicology Screening Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Toxicology Screening Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52833, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Phil Mun
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yumnam S, Raha S, Kim SM, Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma V, Lee HJ, Ha SE, Heo JD, Lee SJ, Kim EH, Lee WS, Kim JA, Kim GS. Identification of a novel biomarker in tangeretin‑induced cell death in AGS human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:3249-3260. [PMID: 30272339 PMCID: PMC6196609 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomic analysis serves as an important biological tool for identifying biological events. Novel biomarkers of a specific disease such as cancer may be identified using these promising techniques. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of tangeretin and to identify potential biomarkers in AGS gastric cancer cells using a proteomics approach. The results of the present study revealed that tangeretin inhibited AGS cell viability dose‑dependently with a half‑maximal inhibitory concentration of 100 µM. Two‑dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed to determine the potential biomarker between control and tangeretin (100 µM)‑treated AGS cells. A total of 16 proteins was identified from 36 significant protein spots using matrix‑assisted laser‑desorption/ionization time‑of‑flight‑mass spectrometry using peptide fingerprinting. The bioinformatics tools Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) and Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) were used to identify the functional properties and association of the proteins obtained. Using western blot analysis, the regulatory pattern of four selected proteins, protein kinase Cε, mitogen‑activated protein kinase 4, phosphoinositide 4‑kinase and poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase 14, were successfully verified in replicate sample sets. These selected proteins are primarily involved in apoptosis signaling, angiogenesis, cell cycle regulation, receptor kinase binding, intracellular cytoplasmic and nuclear alterations. Therefore, aim of the present study was to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers from the functional categories of altered protein expression in tangeretin‑inhibited AGS gastric cancer cell viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Yumnam
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchismita Raha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Toxicology Screening Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Toxicology Screening Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52833, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin A Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Korea, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52833, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee HJ, Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma V, Kim SM, Ha SE, Raha S, Lee WS, Kim EH, Lee SJ, Heo JD, Kim GS. Pectolinarigenin Induced Cell Cycle Arrest, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Cell via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081043. [PMID: 30096805 PMCID: PMC6115855 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectolinarigenin (PEC), a natural flavonoid present in Cirsium chanroenicum and in some species of Citrus fruits, has various pharmacological benefits such as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer mechanism of PEC induced cell death caused by autophagy and apoptosis in AGS and MKN28 human gastric cancer cells. The PEC treatment significantly inhibited the AGS and MKN28 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Further, PEC significantly elevated sub-G1 phase in AGS cells and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in both AGS and MKN28 cells. Apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin V and Hoechst 33342 fluorescent staining. Moreover, Immunoblotting results revealed that PEC treatment down-regulated the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family protein XIAP that leads to the activation of caspase-3 thereby cleavage of PARP (poly-ADP-ribose polymerase) in both AGS and MKN28 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The autophagy-inducing effect was indicated by the increased formation of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) and increased protein levels of LC3-II conversion in both AGS and MKN28 cells. PEC shows the down regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway which is a major regulator of autophagic and apoptotic cell death in cancer cells that leads to the down-regulation of p-4EBP1, p-p70S6K, and p-eIF4E in PEC treated cells when compared with the untreated cells. In conclusion, PEC treatment might have anti-cancer effect by down-regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway leading to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, autophagic and apoptotic cell death in human gastric cancer cells. Further studies of PEC treatment can support to develop as a potential alternative therapeutic agent for human gastric carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Biological Resources Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea.
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Suchismita Raha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 15 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52727, Korea.
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 15 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52727, Korea.
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, 965 Dongbu-ro, Jinju 52833, Korea.
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Biological Resources Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea.
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Biological Resources Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea.
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gowda Saralamma VV, Lee HJ, Raha S, Lee WS, Kim EH, Lee SJ, Heo JD, Won C, Kang CK, Kim GS. Inhibition of IAP's and activation of p53 leads to caspase-dependent apoptosis in gastric cancer cells treated with Scutellarein. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5993-6006. [PMID: 29464049 PMCID: PMC5814189 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. South Korea is in first place with 9,180 death alone attributed to gastric cancer in 2013. Plenty of literature suggests the evasion of apoptosis is implicated in neurodegeneration, autoimmune diseases, and tumors development due to dysregulation in the apoptotic mechanism. Reduced apoptosis or its resistance in cancer cells plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. It’s imperative to understand apoptosis, which provides the basis for novel targeted therapies that can induce cancer cell death or sensitize them to cytotoxic agents by regulating key factors like IAPs, MDM2, p53, caspases and much more. Studies have demonstrated that Scutellarein have the ability to inhibit several cancer cells by inducing apoptosis with both: Scutellarein monomers as well as scutellarein containing flavonoids. MTT results revealed that scutellarein inhibited cell viability in both dose and time dependent manner. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis showed that scutellarein induces apoptosis in both AGS and SNU-484 human gastric cancer cells and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in SNU-484 cells. This study demonstrated that the Scutellarein on AGS and SNU-484 cells significantly inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death via down regulating MDM2 and activated the tumor suppresser protein p53, subsequently down regulating the IAP family proteins (cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP) leading to caspase-dependent apoptosis in AGS and SNU-484 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, Republic Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, Republic Korea
| | - Suchismita Raha
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, Republic Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Gyeongnam Biological Resource Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 666-844, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Biological Resource Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 666-844, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungkil Won
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Keun Kang
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, Republic Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choi JY, Desta KT, Saralamma VVG, Lee SJ, Lee SJ, Kim SM, Paramanantham A, Lee HJ, Kim YH, Shin HC, Shim JH, Warda M, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Jeong JH, Shin SC, Kim GS, Abd El-Aty AM. LC-MS/MS characterization, anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidant activities of polyphenols from different tissues of Korean Petasites japonicus (Meowi). Biomed Chromatogr 2017. [PMID: 28623844 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Korean Petasites japonicus is a perennial plant used in folk medicine as a remedy for many diseases and popularly consumed as spring greens. Ten polyphenols were characterized from the leaves, stems and roots of this plant via high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Individual polyphenols were quantified for the first time using calibration curves of six structurally related external standards. Validation data indicated that coefficients of determinations (R2 ) were ≥0.9702 for all standards. Recoveries measured at 50 and 100 mg/L were 80.0-91.9 and 80.3-105.3%, respectively. Precisions at these two concentration levels were 0.7-6.1 and 1.1-5.5%, respectively. The total number of identified components was largest for the leaves and smallest for the stems. The leaf and root polyphenolic extracts showed anti-inflammatory effects by inducing LPS-activated COX-2 and iNOS protein levels in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The antioxidant capacity of the polyphenols, when evaluated for DPPH (α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl)ˑ , ABTS+ [2-2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] and superoxide radical scavenging activities, and in ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assays, was highest in the leaf and lowest in the stem. This trend suggests that the antioxidant capacities depend primarily on polyphenol concentration in each tissue. The current findings suggest that polyphenols derived from P. japonicas tissues could have potential as functional health foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kebede Taye Desta
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joong Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Anjugam Paramanantham
- Research Institute of Life Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamad Warda
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon-Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma V, Lee HJ, Hong GE, Park HS, Yumnam S, Raha S, Lee WS, Kim EH, Sung NJ, Lee SJ, Heo JD, Kim GS. Korean Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi flavonoid extract induces mitochondrially mediated apoptosis in human gastric cancer AGS cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:607-614. [PMID: 28693212 PMCID: PMC5494645 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Korean Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has been widely used in Korean folk medicines for its range of medicinal benefits, including its anticancer effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of action of a flavonoid extract from Korean Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (FSB) on AGS human gastric cancer cells (gastric adenocarcinoma) in which FSB exhibits an anticancer effect. Treatment of AGS cells with FSB significantly inhibited cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, FSB significantly increased the proportion of cells in sub-G1 phase, and Annexin V and Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining confirmed the apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, western blotting results identified that treatment of AGS cells with FSB significantly downregulated the expression of caspase family members, namely procaspases 3 and 9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and subsequently upregulated cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP. It was observed that FSB treatment significantly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of AGS cells. In addition, the ratio of the mitochondrion-associated proteins B cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein and B cell lymphoma extra large was upregulated. The results of the present study provide novel insight into the underlying molecular mechanism of the anticancer effects of FSB on AGS human gastric cancer cells and indicate that FSB may be an alternative chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Eun Hong
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Soo Park
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Silvia Yumnam
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchismita Raha
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gajwa, Gyeongsangnam 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 660-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak Ju Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Gyeongnam Biological Resource Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 666-844, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Biological Resource Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 666-844, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saralamma VVG, Kim EH, Lee HJ, Raha S, Lee WS, Heo JD, Lee SJ, Won CK, Kim GS. Flavonoids: A new generation molecule to stimulate programmed cell deaths in cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.12729/jbtr.2017.18.1.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
18
|
Hong GE, Lee HJ, Kim JA, Yumnam S, Raha S, Saralamma VVG, Heo JD, Lee SJ, Kim EH, Won CK, Kim GS. Korean Byungkyul - Citrus platymamma Hort.et Tanaka flavonoids induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, regulating MMP protein expression in Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:575-586. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
19
|
Nagappan A, Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma V, Hong GE, Lee HJ, Shin SC, Kim EH, Lee WS, Kim GS. Proteomic analysis of selective cytotoxic anticancer properties of flavonoids isolated from Citrus platymamma on A549 human lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3814-22. [PMID: 27573346 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus platymamma Hort. ex Tanaka (Byungkyul in Korean) has been used in Korean folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the anticancer properties of flavonoids isolated from C. platymamma (FCP) remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study attempted to identify the key proteins, which may be important in the anticancer effects of FCP on A549 cells using a proteomic approach. FCP showed a potent cytotoxic effect on the A549 human lung cancer cells, however, it had no effect on WI‑38 human fetal lung fibroblasts at the same concentrations. Furthermore, 15 differentially expressed protein spots (spot intensities ≥2‑fold change; P<0.05) were obtained from comparative proteome analysis of two‑dimensional gel electrophoresis maps of the control (untreated) and FCP‑treated A549 cells. Finally, eight differentially expressed proteins, one of which was upregulated and seven of which were downregulated, were successfully identified using matrix‑assisted laser desorption/ionization time‑of‑flight/time‑of‑flight tandem mass spectrometry and peptide mass fingerprinting analysis. Specifically, proteins involved in signal transduction were significantly downregulated, including annexin A1 (ANXA1) and ANXA4, whereas 14‑3‑3ε was upregulated. Cytoskeletal proteins, including cofilin‑1 (CFL1), cytokeratin 8 (KRT8) and KRT79, and molecular chaperones/heat shock proteins, including endoplasmin, were downregulated. Proteins involved in protein metabolism, namely elongation factor Ts were also downregulated. Consistent with results of the proteome analysis, the immunoblotting results showed that 14‑3‑3ε was upregulated, whereas CFL1, ANXA4 and KRT8 were downregulated in the FCP‑treated A549 cells. The majority of the proteins were involved in tumor growth, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and signal transduction. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying FCP-induced anticancer effects on A549 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arulkumar Nagappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Eun Hong
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑759, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nagappan A, Lee HJ, Saralamma VVG, Park HS, Hong GE, Yumnam S, Raha S, Charles SN, Shin SC, Kim EH, Lee WS, Kim GS. Flavonoids isolated from Citrus platymamma induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1394-1402. [PMID: 27446443 PMCID: PMC4950876 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus platymamma hort. ex Tanaka belongs to the Rutaceae family and is widely used in folk medicines in Korea due to its anti-proliferative, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. However, the molecular mechanism of its anti-cancer effect is not well understood. The present study was conducted to elucidate the anti-cancer effect and molecular mechanism of flavonoids from Citrus platymamma (FCP) on A549 cells. FCP displayed concentration-dependent inhibition on A549 cells proliferation. Further, flow cytometry revealed that FCP significantly increased the sub-G1 (apoptotic cell population) and G2/M phase population, and the total number of apoptotic cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Nuclear condensation and fragmentation were also observed upon staining with Hoechst 33342 in FCP-treated A549 cells. Immunoblotting demonstrated a dose-dependent downregulation of cyclin B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, cell division cycle 25c, pro-caspases −3, −6, −8 and −9, and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in FCP-treated A549 cells. In addition, FCP induced caspase-3 activation and subsequent PARP cleavage, and increased the B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X protein/Bcl-extra large ratio in A549 cells. These findings suggest that FCP induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis of A549 cells. The present study provides evidence that FCP may be useful in the treatment of human lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arulkumar Nagappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students, Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students, Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Soo Park
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students, Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Eun Hong
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students, Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Silvia Yumnam
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students, Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchismita Raha
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students, Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shobana Nancy Charles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students, Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yumnam S, Hong GE, Raha S, Saralamma VVG, Lee HJ, Lee WS, Kim EH, Kim GS. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Ca(2+) Overload Contributes to Hesperidin Induced Paraptosis in Hepatoblastoma Cells, HepG2. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1261-8. [PMID: 26492105 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Paraptosis is a programmed cell death which is morphologically and biochemically different from apoptosis. In this study, we have investigated the role of Ca(2+) in hesperidin-induced paraptotic cell death in HepG2 cells. Increase in mitochondrial Ca(2+) level was observed in hesperidin treated HepG2 cells but not in normal liver cancer cells. Inhibition of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3 R) and ryanodine receptor also block the mitochondrial Ca(2+) accumulation suggesting that the release of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) may probably lead to the increase in mitochondrial Ca(2+) level. Pretreatment with ruthenium red (RuRed), a Ca(2+) uniporter inhibitor inhibited the hesperidin-induced mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload, swelling of mitochondria, and cell death in HepG2 cells. It has also been demonstrated that mitochondrial Ca(2+) influxes act upstream of ROS and mitochondrial superoxide production. The increased ROS production further leads to mitochondrial membrane loss in hesperidin treated HepG2 cells. Taken together our results show that IP3 R and ryanodine receptor mediated release of Ca(2+) from the ER and its subsequent influx through the uniporter into mitochondria contributes to hesperidin-induced paraptosis in HepG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Yumnam
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Eun Hong
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchismita Raha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee SH, Yumnam S, Hong GE, Raha S, Saralamma VVG, Lee HJ, Heo JD, Lee SJ, Lee WS, Kim EH, Park HS, Kim GS. Flavonoids of Korean Citrus aurantium L. Induce Apoptosis via Intrinsic Pathway in Human Hepatoblastoma HepG2 Cells. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1940-9. [PMID: 26439681 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Korean Citrus aurantium L. has long been used as a medicinal herb for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The present study investigates the anticancer role of flavonoids extracted from C. aurantium on human hepatoblastoma cell, HepG2. The Citrus flavonoids inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This result was consistent with the in vivo xenograft results. Apoptosis was detected by cell morphology, cell cycle analysis, and immunoblot. Flavonoids decreased the level of pAkt and other downstream targets of phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway - P-4EBP1 and P-p70S6K. The expressions of cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and Bak were increased, while those of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were decreased with an increase in the expression of Bax/Bcl-xL ratio in treated cells. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was also observed in flavonoid-treated HepG2 cells. It was also observed that the P-p38 protein level was increased both dose and time dependently in flavonoid-treated cells. Collectively, these results suggest that flavonoid extracted from Citrus inhibits HepG2 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis via an intrinsic pathway. These findings suggest that flavonoids extracted from C. aurantium L. are potential chemotherapeutic agents against liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Silvia Yumnam
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Gyeong Eun Hong
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Suchismita Raha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Toxicity Screening Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Toxicity Screening Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Korea
| | - Won-Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, 660-702, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, 660-759, Korea
| | - Hyeon Soo Park
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Saralamma VVG, Nagappan A, Hong GE, Lee HJ, Yumnam S, Raha S, Heo JD, Lee SJ, Lee WS, Kim EH, Kim GS. Poncirin Induces Apoptosis in AGS Human Gastric Cancer Cells through Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway by up-Regulation of Fas Ligand. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22676-91. [PMID: 26393583 PMCID: PMC4613330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poncirin, a natural bitter flavanone glycoside abundantly present in many species of citrus fruits, has various biological benefits such as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. The anti-cancer mechanism of Poncirin remains elusive to date. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of Poncirin in AGS human gastric cancer cells (gastric adenocarcinoma). The results revealed that Poncirin could inhibit the proliferation of AGS cells in a dose-dependent manner. It was observed Poncirin induced accumulation of sub-G1 DNA content, apoptotic cell population, apoptotic bodies, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner in AGS cells. The expression of Fas Ligand (FasL) protein was up-regulated dose dependently in Poncirin-treated AGS cells Moreover, Poncirin in AGS cells induced activation of Caspase-8 and -3, and subsequent cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Inhibitor studies’ results confirm that the induction of caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death in Poncirin-treated AGS cells was led by the Fas death receptor. Interestingly, Poncirin did not show any effect on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and Bak) and anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-xL) in AGS-treated cells followed by no activation in the mitochondrial apoptotic protein caspase-9. This result suggests that the mitochondrial-mediated pathway is not involved in Poncirin-induced cell death in gastric cancer. These findings suggest that Poncirin has a potential anti-cancer effect via extrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis, possibly making it a strong therapeutic agent for human gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Arulkumar Nagappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea.
| | - Gyeong Eun Hong
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Silvia Yumnam
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Suchismita Raha
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Toxicity Screening Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 666-844, Korea.
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Toxicity Screening Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 666-844, Korea.
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea.
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju 660-759, Korea.
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Raha S, Yumnam S, Hong GE, Lee HJ, Saralamma VVG, Park HS, Heo JD, Lee SJ, Kim EH, Kim JA, Kim GS. Naringin induces autophagy-mediated growth inhibition by downregulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade via activation of MAPK pathways in AGS cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26201693 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringin, one of the major bioflavonoid of Citrus, has been demonstrated as potential anticancer agent. However, the underlying anticancer mechanism still needs to be explored further. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of Naringin on human AGS cancer cells. AGS cell proliferation was inhibited by Naringin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Naringin did not induce apoptotic cell death, determined by no DNA fragmentation and the reduced Bax/Bcl-xL ratio. Growth inhibitory role of Naringin was observed by western blot analysis demonstrating downregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade with an upregulated p21CIPI/WAFI. Formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and autophagosomes were observed in Naringin-treated AGS cells, further confirmed by the activation of autophagic proteins Beclin 1 and LC3B with a significant phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Collectively, our observed results determined that anti-proliferative activity of Naringin in AGS cancer cells is due to suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade via induction of autophagy with activated MAPKs. Thus, the present finding suggests that Naringin induced autophagy- mediated growth inhibition shows potential as an alternative therapeutic agent for human gastric carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Raha
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Silvia Yumnam
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Eun Hong
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Soo Park
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Toxicology Screening Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 666-844, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Toxicology Screening Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 666-844, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Moonsan, Jinju 660-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Korea, Moonsan, Jinju 660-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim JA, Nagappan A, Park HS, Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma V, Hong GE, Yumnam S, Lee HJ, Raha S, Kim EH, Young PS, Kim GS. Proteome profiling of lipopolysaccharide induced L6 rat skeletal muscle cells response to flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:379. [PMID: 25287937 PMCID: PMC4195865 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a commonly used medicinal herb in several Asian countries like Korea, China and Japan for thousands of years. It has been reported to have various medicinal properties such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of S. baicalensis G at proteome level has not yet been reported. Hence, we performed a proteome analysis to study differentially expressed proteins and its anti-inflammatory role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated L6 skeletal muscle cells response to flavonoids isolated from S. baicalensis G. Methods For that, 150 μg of proteins from the L6 cells of the control (Vehicle only), LPS treated and flavonoid treated groups were separated using 18 cm, pH 4–7 IPG strips in the first dimension and resolved by 12% linear gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The silver stained gels were analyzed by using progenesis SameSpots software and twenty six differentially expressed protein spots (≥2 fold, p < 0.05) were selected for matrix assisted laser desorption ionization- time of flight mass spectroscopy/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis. Also, the expression of COX-2, iNOS and Annexin A2 proteins were analyzed by western blot. Results Totally, 12 differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/MS and database searching, that’s involved in inflammatory responses such vimentin, T-box transcription factor TBX3, annexin A1, annexin A2 and annexin A5. In addition, flavonoids inhibited the expression of COX-2, iNOS and Annexin A2 proteins in LPS-stimulated L6 skeletal muscle cells. Conclusions The findings revealed that the flavonoids from S. baicalensis G. directly protect the LPS stimulated inflammation process in L6 cells and, would be helpful to study further the muscle cell inflammatory mechanism. This is the first proteome study provide the anti-inflammatory mechanism of flavonoids from S. baicalensis G. in LPS stimulated L6 skeletal muscle cells.
Collapse
|