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Mazzonetto P, Milanezi F, D'Andrea M, Martins S, Monfredini PM, Dos Santos Silva J, Perrone E, Villela D, Schnabel B, Nakano V, Palmero EI, Braggio E, Cavalcanti TL, Guida G, Migliavacca MP, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Zalcberg I. BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation analysis from a cohort of 1267 patients at high risk for breast cancer in Brazil. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 199:127-136. [PMID: 36881271 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
We determined the frequency and mutational spectrum of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in a series of patients at high risk for developing breast cancer from Brazil. A total of 1267 patients were referred for BRCA genetic testing, and no obligation of fulfilling criteria of mutation probability methods for molecular screening was applied. Germline deleterious mutations in BRCA1/2 (i.e., pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants) were identified in 156 out of 1267 patients (12%). We confirm recurrent mutations in BRCA1/2, but we also report three novel mutations in BRCA2, not previously reported in any public databases or other studies. Variants of unknown significance (VUS) represent only 2% in this dataset and most of them were detected in BRCA2. The overall mutation prevalence in BRCA1/2 was higher in patients diagnosed with cancer at age > 35 years old, and with family history of cancer. The present data expand our knowledge of BRCA1/2 germline mutational spectrum, and it is a valuable clinical resource for genetic counseling and cancer management programs in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mazzonetto
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Milanezi
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Mariana D'Andrea
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Silvia Martins
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Priscilla M Monfredini
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dos Santos Silva
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Perrone
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Darine Villela
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Schnabel
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Edenir Inez Palmero
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Esteban Braggio
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Thereza L Cavalcanti
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Guida
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Michele P Migliavacca
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil
| | - Ilana Zalcberg
- Diagnósticos da América S.A., DASA, Av. Divino Salvador, 876 3Rd Floor, Zip Code, São Paulo-SP, 04078-013, Brazil.
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2
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Alberca GGF, Cardoso NSS, Solis-Castro RL, Nakano V, Alberca RW. Intestinal inflammation and the microbiota: Beyond diversity. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3274-3278. [PMID: 36051343 PMCID: PMC9331525 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent manuscript entitled “Relationship between clinical features and intestinal microbiota in Chinese patients with ulcerative colitis” reported a difference in the intestinal microbiota of patients with ulcerative colitis according to the severity of the colitis. The influence of the intestinal microbiota on the development and progress of gastrointestinal disorders is well established. Besides the diversity in the microbiome, the presence of virulence factors and toxins by commensal bacteria may affect an extensive variety of cellular processes, contributing to the induction of a proinflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gama Freire Alberca
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Naiane Samira Souza Cardoso
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rosa Liliana Solis-Castro
- Departamento Académico de Biología Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Pampa Grande 24000, Tumbes, Peru
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
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3
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Campos AE, Rosenberg C, Krepischi A, França M, Lopes V, Nakano V, Vertemati T, Cochak M, Migliavacca M, Milanezi F, Sousa AC, Silva J, Vieira L, Monfredini P, Palumbo AC, Fernandes J, Perrone E. An Apparently Balanced Complex Chromosome Rearrangement Involving Seven Breaks and Four Chromosomes in a Healthy Female and Segregation/Recombination in Her Affected Son. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:312-320. [PMID: 34602959 DOI: 10.1159/000516323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Duplication of the distal 1q and 4p segments are both characterized by the presence of intellectual disability/neurodevelopmental delay and dysmorphisms. Here, we describe a male with a complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) presenting with overlapping clinical findings between these 2 syndromes. In order to better characterize this CCR, classical karyotyping, FISH, and chromosomal microarray analysis were performed on material from the patient and his parents, which revealed an unbalanced karyotype with duplications at 1q41q43 and 4p15.2p14 in the proband. The rearrangements, which were derived from a maternal balanced karyotype, included an insertion of a segment from the long to the short arm of chromosome 1, a balanced translocation involving chromosomes 14 and 18, and an insertion of a segment from the short arm of chromosome 4 into the derived chromosome 14. This study aimed to better define the clinical history and prognosis of a patient with this rare category of chromosomal aberration. Our results suggest that the frequency of CCR in the general population may be underestimated; when balanced, they may not have a phenotypic effect. Moreover, they emphasize the need for cytogenetic techniques complementary to chromosomal microarray for proper genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Eduarda Campos
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- GeneOne, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Krepischi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina França
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Perrone
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,GeneOne, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Galvão de Oliveira M, Tengan C, Micheletti C, Ramos de Macedo P, Soares Pinho Cernach MC, Cavole TR, de França Basto M, Filho JS, Virmond LA, Milanezi F, Nakano V, Falconi A, Perrone E. A novel variant in the COX15 gene causing a fatal infantile cardioencephalomyopathy: A case report with clinical and molecular review. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104195. [PMID: 33746038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome c-oxidase (COX) enzyme, also known as mitochondrial complex IV (MT-C4D), is a transmembrane protein complex found in mitochondria. COX deficiency is one of the most frequent causes of electron transport chain defects in humans. Therefore, high energy demand organs and tissues are affected in patients with mutations in the COX15 gene, with variable phenotypic expressiveness. We describe the case of a male newborn with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and serum and cerebrospinal fluid hyperlacticaemia, whose exome sequencing revealed two variants in a compound heterozygous state: c.232G > A; p.(Gly78Arg), classified as likely pathogenic, and c.452C > G; p.(Ser151Ter), as pathogenic; the former never previously described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Célia Tengan
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp, Departamento de Neurologia, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04039-000, Brazil.
| | - Cecília Micheletti
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04023-060, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Ramos de Macedo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp, Departamento de Neurologia, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04039-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Thiago Rodrigues Cavole
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp, Departamento de Genética, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04023-061, Brazil.
| | - Marina de França Basto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp, Departamento de Genética, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04023-061, Brazil.
| | - Joselito Sobreira Filho
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp, Departamento de Genética, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04023-061, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Amaral Virmond
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp, Departamento de Genética, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04023-061, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Perrone
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp, Departamento de Genética, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04023-061, Brazil.
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5
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Merino VR, Nakano V, Delannoy S, Fach P, Alberca GGF, Farfan MJ, Piazza RMF, Avila-Campos MJ. Prevalence of Enteropathogens and Virulence Traits in Brazilian Children With and Without Diarrhea. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:549919. [PMID: 33102252 PMCID: PMC7545120 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.549919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of molecular diagnostics for pathogen detection in epidemiological studies have allowed us to get a wider view of the pathogens associated with diarrhea, but the presence of enteropathogens in asymptomatic individuals has raised several challenges in understanding the etiology of diarrhea, and the use of these platforms in clinical diagnosis as well. To characterize the presence of the most relevant bacterial enteropathogens in diarrheal episodes, we evaluated here the prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes, Salmonella spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica in stool samples of children with and without diarrhea using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). We found that the presence of genetic markers associated with bacterial pathogens was significantly higher in stool samples from the diarrhea group compared to the control (P < 0.001). Bacterial loads in samples positive for eae and aggR markers were also determined. Compared to samples from asymptomatic children, a significantly higher number of copies of the eae gene were found in diarrhea samples. Also, the presence of genetic markers associated with STEC strains with clinical significance was evaluated in eae-positive samples by high-throughput real-time PCR. The data presented herein demonstrated that asymptomatic children of an urban area in Brazil might be enteropathogen reservoirs, especially for STEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor R Merino
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, Food Safety Laboratory, Université Paris-Est, Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - Patrick Fach
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, Food Safety Laboratory, Université Paris-Est, Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - Gabriela G F Alberca
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio J Farfan
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Oriente-Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Mario J Avila-Campos
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Perrone E, Cavole TR, Oliveira MG, Virmond LDA, Silva MDFB, Soares MDFF, Iglesias SBDO, Falconi A, Silva JS, Nakano V, Milanezi MF, Mendes CSC, Curiati MA, Micheletti C. Leigh syndrome in a patient with a novel C12orf65 pathogenic variant: case report and literature review. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20180271. [PMID: 32478789 PMCID: PMC7263430 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is an early onset progressive disorder caused by defects in
mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Pathogenic variants in nuclear and
mitochondrial genes are associated with the syndrome. Homozygous pathogenic
variants in the C12orf65 gene impair the mitochondrial
oxidative phosphorylation system. We describe a new case of Leigh syndrome
caused by a novel pathogenic variant of the C12orf65 gene
resulting in the lack of the Gly-Gly-Gln (GGQ) domain in the predicted protein,
and review clinical and molecular data from previously reported patients. Our
study supports that the phenotype caused by C12orf65 gene
variants is heterogeneous and varies from spastic paraparesis to Leigh syndrome.
Loss-of-function variants are more likely to cause the disease, and variants
affecting the GGQ domain tend to be associated with more severe phenotypes,
reinforcing a possible genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Perrone
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Genética Médica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,GeneOne, Dasa, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago R Cavole
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Genética Médica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Manuella G Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Genética Médica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiza do A Virmond
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Genética Médica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cecília Micheletti
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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7
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Milanezi F, Silva J, de Marsillac S, Monfredini P, Nakano V, D’Andrea M, Guarischi-Sousa R, Schnabel B, Correia W, Campana G, da Fonseca G, Perrone E, Zalcberg I. BRCA testing of 1,284 Brazilian patients for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in a routine diagnostic setting. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz250.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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8
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Arenas Rodrigues VA, de Avila ED, Nakano V, Avila-Campos MJ. Qualitative, quantitative and genotypic evaluation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from individuals with different periodontal clinical conditions. Anaerobe 2018; 52:50-58. [PMID: 29857043 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum are strongly associated with periodontitis, and their evaluations are relevant to understand their role in the etiology and progression of periodontal diseases. In this study, the qualitative and quantitative detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum, as well as their genetic diversity, were evaluated in individuals with gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy. In addition, the biotyping, serotyping, and prevalence of the ltx and cdt genes in A. actinomycetemcomitans were also determined. Subgingival biofilms obtained from gingivitis (70), periodontitis (75) and healthy (95) individuals were analyzed by cultures and PCR. Bacterial typing and presence of ltx and cdt genes in A. actinomycetemcomitans were also verified. DNA from A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum was detected respectively, in 65.7% and 57.1% of gingivitis, 80% and 68% of periodontitis, and 57.8% and 37.8% of healthy. A. actinomycetemcomitans from gingivitis were biotypes I, II, IV, V, and X, and serotypes a, c, and e. In periodontitis, biotypes II, VI, and X, and serotypes a, b, and c were found. In healthy subjects, biotypes II and X, and serotypes b and c were found. The LTX and ltxA were observed in strains from gingivitis and periodontitis pockets. Subsequently, our data also showed no direct relationship between ltxA gene expression and leukotoxin gene 530-bp presence. On the other hand, cdt gene predominated during the inflammatory disease process. Our results strongly support a role of A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum in advanced stage of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Aparecida Arenas Rodrigues
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erica Dorigatti de Avila
- Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Humaita, 1680, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Julio Avila-Campos
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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9
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Perrone E, Chen K, Ramos M, Milanezi MF, Nakano V, Falconi A, Silva J, Campos J, Silva CMC, Filho JBO, Perez ABA. A Novel MGP Gene Mutation Causing Keutel Syndrome in a Brazilian Patient. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:159-163. [PMID: 29928182 DOI: 10.1159/000488573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Keutel syndrome is caused by mutations in the matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (MGP) gene (OMIM 154870) and is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. It is characterized by brachydactyly, pulmonary artery stenosis, a distinctive facial phenotype, and cartilage calcification. To date, only 36 cases have been reported worldwide. We describe clinical and molecular findings of the first Brazilian patient with Keutel syndrome. Keutel syndrome was suspected based on clinical and morphological evaluation, so we sequenced the MGP gene using the TruSight One Sequencing Panel (Illumina). The obtained MGP gene sequence was then validated by Sanger sequencing. We identified a novel pathogenic homozygous variant of the MGP gene (c.2T>C; p.Met1Thr) confirming Keutel syndrome. Proper diagnosis of this syndrome is important for clinical management and is an indication for genetic counseling. Keutel syndrome should be suspected in patients with cartilage calcifications and brachydactyly when associated with a distinctive facial phenotype and pulmonary artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Perrone
- Department of Medical Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, Brasil.,Department of Salomão Zoppi Diagnostics, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Kelin Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marco Ramos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Viviane Nakano
- Department of Salomão Zoppi Diagnostics, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ariane Falconi
- Department of Salomão Zoppi Diagnostics, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Juliana Silva
- Department of Salomão Zoppi Diagnostics, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Jamille Campos
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Celia M C Silva
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Ana B A Perez
- Department of Medical Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, Brasil
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10
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Llanco LA, Nakano V, Moraes CTPD, Piazza RMF, Avila-Campos MJ. Adhesion and invasion of Clostridium perfringens type A into epithelial cells. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 48:764-768. [PMID: 28720432 PMCID: PMC5628313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent for necrotic enteritis. It secretes the major virulence factors, and α- and NetB-toxins that are responsible for intestinal lesions. The TpeL toxin affects cell morphology by producing myonecrosis, but its role in the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis is unclear. In this study, the presence of netB and tpeL genes in C. perfringens type A strains isolated from chickens with necrotic enteritis, their cytotoxic effects and role in adhesion and invasion of epithelial cells were evaluated. Six (27.3%) of the 22 C. perfringens type A strains were harboring the tpeL gene and produced morphological alterations in Vero cells after 6 h of incubation. Strains tpeL (−) induced strong cell rounding after 6 h of incubation and produced cell enlargement. None of the 22 strains harbored netB gene. All the six tpeL (+) gene strains were able to adhere to HEp-2 cells; however, only four of them (66.6%) were invasive. Thus, these results suggest that the presence of tpeL gene or TpeL toxin might be required for the adherence of bacteria to HEp-2 cells; however, it could not have any role in the invasion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Llanco
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mario J Avila-Campos
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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11
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do Nascimento Silva A, de Avila ED, Nakano V, Avila-Campos MJ. Pathogenicity and genetic profile of oral Porphyromonas species from canine periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:20-24. [PMID: 28692827 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the presence of the prtC and fimA genes involved in the pathogenicity of oral Porphyromonas spp. isolated from dogs with periodontitis and healthy, as well as their genetic diversity was investigated. DESIGN Thirty-two Beagle dogs, 24 with periodontitis and 8 healthy were evaluated. Subgingival samples from only one gingival site of both groups were collected. Bacteria grown in anaerobiosis were identified by RAPID ID 32A kits. From each strain the respective DNA was obtained and used to genotyping by conventional PCR and AP-PCR. RESULTS Dogs with periodontitis harbored 28 P. gulae, 2 P. creviocaricanis, 1 P. cangingivalis and 7 P. macacae; and from healthy dogs, 11 P. gulae and 5 P. circumdentaria. In P. gulae isolated from periodontal dogs the gene prtC was observed in 19 (67.85%) and in 7 (63.63%) from healthy dogs. P. gulae strains from periodontal dogs harbored either the gene fimA I or fimA II; while strains from healthy dogs harbored the gene fimA I, fimA II, fimA III or fimA IV, as well as 1 P. circumdentaria the gene fimA II. By AP-PCR strains were grouped in different clusters suggesting heterogeneity of these microorganisms. CONCLUSIONS The results presented herein inform that Porphyromonas spp. isolated from dogs with and without periodontitis harbored the prtC and fimA genes and it could be a role in the establishment of the infectious process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda do Nascimento Silva
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erica Dorigatti de Avila
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario J Avila-Campos
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Nakano V, Ignacio A, Llanco L, Bueris V, Sircili M, Avila-Campos M. Multilocus sequence typing analyses of Clostridium perfringens type A strains harboring tpeL and netB genes. Anaerobe 2017; 44:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Fernandes MR, Ignacio A, Rodrigues VAA, Groppo FC, Cardoso AL, Avila-Campos MJ, Nakano V. Alterations of Intestinal Microbiome by Antibiotic Therapy in Hospitalized Children. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 23:56-62. [PMID: 27328205 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of antimicrobial agents leads to an ecological imbalance of the host-microorganisms relationship, and it causes a rapid and significant reduction in the microbial diversity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of antibiotic therapy on intestinal microbiota of children between 3 and 12 years of age. The fecal samples were collected from hospitalized children (n = 31) and from healthy untreated children (n = 30). The presence of bacteria and their quantities were assessed by culture-based methods and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). By culture method, in the children receiving antibiotics, a low recovery of Bifidobacterium spp. (54.8%), Bacteroides spp./Parabacteroides spp. (54.8%), Clostridium spp. (35.5%), and Escherichia coli (74.2%) was observed compared with the children without antibiotic therapy (100%, 80%, 63.3%, and 86.6%, respectively). By qPCR, the children receiving antibiotics showed a lower copy number for all microorganisms, except to Lactobacillus spp. (p = 0.0092). In comparison to the nontreated children, the antibiotic-treated children showed a significantly lower copy number of Bifidobacterium spp. (p = 0.0002), Clostridium perfringens (p < 0.0001), E. coli (p = 0.0268), Methanobrevibacter smithii (p = 0.0444), and phylum Firmicutes (p = 0.0009). In conclusion, our results obtained through qualitative and quantitative analyses, demonstrate that antibiotic therapy affect the intestinal microbiome of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam R Fernandes
- 1 Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Ignacio
- 1 Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane A A Rodrigues
- 1 Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ary L Cardoso
- 3 Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Children, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario J Avila-Campos
- 1 Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- 1 Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
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Ignacio A, Fernandes MR, Rodrigues VAA, Groppo FC, Cardoso AL, Avila-Campos MJ, Nakano V. Correlation between body mass index and faecal microbiota from children. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:258.e1-8. [PMID: 26551842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is an increasing problem at the global level and considered as a risk factor for obesity development and the associated co-morbidities in adult life. In this study, the occurrence of Bacteroides fragilis group, Clostridium spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and Escherichia coli in 84 faecal samples from 30 obese, 24 overweight and 30 lean children was verified by culture technique and quantitative determination by quantitative PCR. In addition, Lactobacillus spp. and Methanobrevibacter smithii were also analysed. A correlation between the body mass index (BMI) and these bacteria was sought. Bacteroides vulgatus, Clostridium perfringens and Bifidobacterium adolescentis were most prevalent in all samples evaluated by culture-method. The B. fragilis group were found at high concentrations in obese and overweight children when compared with the lean ones (p 0.015). The obese and overweight children harboured higher numbers of Lactobacillus spp. than lean children (p 0.022). The faecal concentrations of the B. fragilis group (r = 0.24; p 0.026) and Lactobacillus spp. (r = 0.44; p 0.002) were positively correlated with BMI. Bifidobacterium spp. were found in higher numbers in the lean group than the overweight and obese ones (p 0.042). Furthermore, a negative correlation between BMI and Bifidobacterium spp. copy number (r = -0.22; p 0.039) was observed. Our findings show some difference in the intestinal microbial ecosystem of obese children compared with the lean ones and a significant association between number of Lactobacillus spp. and B. fragilis group and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ignacio
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M R Fernandes
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - V A A Rodrigues
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - F C Groppo
- Campinas State University, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A L Cardoso
- Institute of Children, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M J Avila-Campos
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - V Nakano
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Ignacio A, Fernandes MR, Avila-Campos MJ, Nakano V. Enterotoxigenic and non-enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis from fecal microbiota of children. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:1141-5. [PMID: 26691473 PMCID: PMC4704618 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246420140728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is an important part of
the human and animal intestinal microbiota and is commonly associated with diarrhea.
ETBF strains produce an enterotoxin encoded by the bft gene located
in the B. fragilis pathogenicity island (BfPAI). Non-enterotoxigenic
B. fragilis (NTBF) strains lack the BfPAI and usually show two
different genetic patterns, II and III, based on the absence or presence of a
BfPAI-flanking region, respectively. The incidence of ETBF and NTBF strains in fecal
samples isolated from children without acute diarrhea or any other intestinal
disorders was determined. All 84 fecal samples evaluated were B.
fragilis-positive by PCR, four of them harbored the bft
gene, 27 contained the NTBF pattern III DNA sequence, and 52 were
considered to be NTBF pattern II samples. One sample was positive for both ETBF and
NTBF pattern III DNA sequences. All 19 B. fragilis strains isolated
by the culture method were bft-negative, 9 belonged to pattern III
and 10 to pattern II. We present an updated overview of the ETBF and NTBF incidence
in the fecal microbiota of children from Sao Paulo City, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ignacio
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriam Rodriguez Fernandes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Julio Avila-Campos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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Fukugaiti MH, Ignacio A, Fernandes MR, Ribeiro Júnior U, Nakano V, Avila-Campos MJ. High occurrence of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Clostridium difficile in the intestinal microbiota of colorectal carcinoma patients. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:1135-40. [PMID: 26691472 PMCID: PMC4704648 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246420140665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is considered the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Several microorganisms have been associated with carcinogenesis, including Enterococcus spp., Helicobacter pylori, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, pathogenic E. coli strains and oral Fusobacterium. Here we qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated the presence of oral and intestinal microorganisms in the fecal microbiota of colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls. Seventeen patients (between 49 and 70 years-old) visiting the Cancer Institute of the Sao Paulo State were selected, 7 of whom were diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma. Bacterial detection was performed by qRT-PCR. Although all of the tested bacteria were detected in the majority of the fecal samples, quantitative differences between the Cancer Group and healthy controls were detected only for F. nucleatum and C. difficile. The three tested oral microorganisms were frequently observed, suggesting a need for furthers studies into a potential role for these bacteria during colorectal carcinoma pathogenesis. Despite the small number of patients included in this study, we were able to detect significantly more F. nucleatum and C. difficile in the Cancer Group patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting a possible role of these bacteria in colon carcinogenesis. This finding should be considered when screening for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia H Fukugaiti
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Ignacio
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriam R Fernandes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Nakano
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Albornoz LAL, Nakano V, Avila-Campos MJ. Clostridium perfringens e a enterite necrótica em frangos: principais fatores de virulência, genéticos e moleculares. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.v51i3p178-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens é o causador da enterite necrótica que afeta a produção de frangos de corte no mundo todo. Essa bactéria produz diversas toxinas e causa lesões no intestino tendo como consequências a elevada mortalidade e perdas econômicas devido à baixa produtividade. Nessa revisão são apresentados os principais fatores de virulência, a susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos e a diversidade genética de C. perfringens isolados de frangos com enterite necrótica.
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18
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Fernandes MR, Ignacio A, Martins FH, Rocha LB, Piazza RMF, Vaz TMI, Avila-Campos MJ, Nakano V. Presence of Shiga toxin 2e-producing Escherichia coli and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli in an asymptomatic child. JMM Case Rep 2014; 1:e000001. [PMID: 28663801 PMCID: PMC5415922 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Escherichia coli causes gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Case presentation: In this study, both Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains were identified in a stool sample from a healthy child, and they were serotyped as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) ONT : H19 and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) O37 : H45. Conclusion: This is the first report, to our knowledge, of a concomitant presence of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) strains in an asymptomatic child. None of the microorganisms was able to produce diarrhoea, maybe because they were transient bacteria or because of the good immune status of the child. Attention should be paid to this result and it could be of interest in vaccine prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rodriguez Fernandes
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Ignacio
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia B Rocha
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tânia M I Vaz
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Julio Avila-Campos
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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19
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Fabris AS, Nakano V, Avila-Campos MJ. Bacteriological analysis of necrotic pulp and fistulae in primary teeth. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:118-24. [PMID: 24676582 PMCID: PMC3956403 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Primary teeth work as guides for the eruption of permanent dentition, contribute
for the development of the jaws, chewing process, preparing food for digestion,
and nutrient assimilation. Treatment of pulp necrosis in primary teeth is complex
due to anatomical and physiological characteristics and high number of bacterial
species present in endodontic infections. The bacterial presence alone or in
association in necrotic pulp and fistula samples from primary teeth of boys and
girls was evaluated. Material and Methods Necrotic pulp (103) and fistula (7) samples from deciduous teeth with deep caries
of 110 children were evaluated. Bacterial morphotypes and species from all
clinical samples were determined. Results A predominance of gram-positive cocci (81.8%) and gram-negative
coccobacilli (49.1%) was observed. In 88 out of 103 pulp samples, a
high prevalence of Enterococcus spp. (50%), Porphyromonas
gingivalis (49%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (25%) and
Prevotella nigrescens (11.4%) was observed.
Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected in three out of seven fistula
samples, Enterococcus spp. in two out of seven samples, and
F. nucleatum, P. nigrescens and D.
pneumosintes in one out of seven samples. Conclusions Our results show that Enterococcus spp. and P.
gingivalis were prevalent in necrotic pulp from deciduous teeth in
boys from 2 to 5 years old, and that care of the oral cavity of children up to
five years of age is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Scalco Fabris
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Julio Avila-Campos
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Merino VRC, Nakano V, Finegold SM, Avila-Campos MJ. Genes Encoding Toxin of Clostridium difficile in Children with and without Diarrhea. Scientifica (Cairo) 2014; 2014:594014. [PMID: 24876992 PMCID: PMC4020208 DOI: 10.1155/2014/594014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of gene 16S rRNA and genes encoding toxin A (tcdA), toxin B (tcdB), and binary toxin (cdtA/cdtB) of Clostridium difficile in stool samples from children with (110) and without (150) diarrhea was determined by using a TaqMan system. Fifty-seven (21.9%) out of 260 stool samples harbored the 16S rRNA gene. The genetic profile of tcdA+/tcdB- and cdtA+/cdtB+ was verified in one C. difficile-positive diarrhea sample and of tcdA+/tcdB+ in three C. difficile-positive nondiarrhea samples. The presence of tcdA+/tcdB+ in stools obtained from children without diarrhea, suggests that they were asymptomatic carriers of toxigenic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor R. C. Merino
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sydney M. Finegold
- Veterans Affairs, West Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario J. Avila-Campos
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Wahasugui TC, Nakano V, Piazza RM, Avila-Campos MJ. Phenotypic and genotypic features of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolated from patients with periodontal disease. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 75:366-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Senhorinho GN, Nakano V, Liu C, Song Y, Finegold SM, Avila-Campos MJ. Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Porphyromonas spp. and Fusobacterium spp. in dogs with and without periodontitis. Anaerobe 2012; 18:381-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Senhorinho GNA, Nakano V, Liu C, Song Y, Finegold SM, Avila-Campos MJ. Detection of Porphyromonas gulae from subgingival biofilms of dogs with and without periodontitis. Anaerobe 2011; 17:257-8. [PMID: 21723404 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A rapid PCR approach was developed to detect Porphyromonas gulae strains from subgingival samples of dogs with and with periodontitis. The presence of P. gulae was observed in 92% and 56%, respectively, in dogs with and without periodontitis. The new primer pair was specific to detect this microorganism, and this technique could be used to evaluate a correlation between periodontitis and P. gulae in companion animals.
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Nakano V, Nascimento e Silva AD, Merino VRC, Wexler HM, Avila-Campos MJ. Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of resistance genes in intestinal Bacteroidales strains. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:543-7. [PMID: 21655744 PMCID: PMC3093783 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the antimicrobial resistance profile and the prevalence of resistance genes in Bacteroides spp. and Parabacteroides distasonis strains isolated from children's intestinal microbiota. METHODS The susceptibility of these bacteria to 10 antimicrobials was determined using an agar dilution method. β-lactamase activity was assessed by hydrolysis of the chromogenic cephalosporin of 114 Bacteriodales strains isolated from the fecal samples of 39 children, and the presence of resistance genes was tested using a PCR assay. RESULTS All strains were susceptible to imipenem and metronidazole. The following resistance rates were observed: amoxicillin (93%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (47.3%), ampicillin (96.4%), cephalexin (99%), cefoxitin (23%), penicillin (99%), clindamycin (34.2%) and tetracycline (53.5%). P-lactamase production was verified in 92% of the evaluated strains. The presence of the cfiA, cepA, ermF, tetQ and nim genes was observed in 62.3%, 76.3%, 27%, 79.8% and 7.8% of the strains, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate an increase in the resistance to several antibiotics in intestinal Bacteroides spp. and Parabacteroides distasonis and demonstrate that these microorganisms harbor antimicrobial resistance genes that may be transferred to other susceptible intestinal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Nakano
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, São Paulo University, SP, Brazil.
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Marcelino SL, Gaetti-Jardim E, Nakano V, Canônico LAD, Nunes FD, Lotufo RFM, Pustiglioni FE, Romito GA, Avila-Campos MJ. Presence of periodontopathic bacteria in coronary arteries from patients with chronic periodontitis. Anaerobe 2010; 16:629-32. [PMID: 20816998 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study the presence of periodontopathic pathogens in atheromatous plaques removed from coronary arteries of patients with chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects by PCR was detected. Our results indicate a significant association between the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and atheromas, and the periodontal bacteria in oral biofilm may find a way to reach arteries.
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Gaetti-Jardim Jr. E, Wahasugui TC, Tomazinho PH, Marques MM, Nakano V, Avila-Campos MJ. Distribution of biotypes and leukotoxic activity of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolated from Brazilian patients with chronic periodontitis. Braz J Microbiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822008000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Gaetti-Jardim E, Wahasugui TC, Tomazinho PH, Marques MM, Nakano V, Avila-Campos MJ. Distribution of biotypes and leukotoxic activity of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolated from Brazilian patients with chronic periodontitis. Braz J Microbiol 2008; 39:658-63. [PMID: 24031284 PMCID: PMC3768452 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220080004000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an important etiologic agent of the periodontitis and is associated with extra-oral infections. In this study, the detection of the ltxA gene as well as the ltx promoter region from leukotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans isolated from 50 Brazilian patients with periodontitis and 50 healthy subjects was performed. The leukotoxic activity on HL-60 cells was also evaluated. Leukotoxic activity was determined using a trypan blue exclusion method. The 530 bp deletion in the promoter region was evaluated by PCR using a PRO primer pair. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected by culture and directly from crude subgingival biofilm by PCR using specific primers. By culture, A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in nine (18%) of the periodontal patients and one (2%) healthy subject. However, by PCR, this organism was detected in 44% of the periodontal patients and in 16% of the healthy subjects. It was verified a great discrepancy between PCR detection of the ltx operon promoter directly from crude subgingival biofilm and from bacterial DNA. Only one periodontal sample harbored highly leukotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans. Moreover, biotype II was the most prevalent and no correlation between biotypes and leukotoxic activity was observed. The diversity of leukotoxin expression by A. actinomycetemcomitans suggests a role of this toxin in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elerson Gaetti-Jardim
- Laboratório de Patologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista , Araçatuba, SP , Brasil
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Nakano V, Piazza R, Cianciarullo A, Bueris V, Santos M, Menezes M, Mendes-Ledesma M, Szulczewski V, Elias W, Pumbwe L, Wexler H, Avila-Campos M. Adherence and invasion of Bacteroidales isolated from the human intestinal tract. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:955-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gaetti-Jardim Júnior E, Nakano V, Wahasugui TC, Cabral FC, Gamba R, Avila-Campos MJ. Occurrence of yeasts, enterococci and other enteric bacteria in subgingival biofilm of HIV-positive patients with chronic gingivitis and necrotizing periodontitis. Braz J Microbiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822008000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Gaetti-Jardim Júnior E, Nakano V, Wahasugui TC, Cabral FC, Gamba R, Avila-Campos MJ. Occurrence of yeasts, enterococci and other enteric bacteria in subgingival biofilm of HIV-positive patients with chronic gingivitis and necrotizing periodontitis. Braz J Microbiol 2008; 39:257-61. [PMID: 24031212 PMCID: PMC3768404 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220080002000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of enteric bacteria and yeasts in biofilm of 80 HIV-positive patients with plaque-associated gingivitis or necrotizing periodontitis. Patients were subjected to extra, intra oral and radiographic examinations. The oral hygiene, bleeding on probing, gingival conditions, and attachment loss were evaluated. Clinical specimens were collected from gingival crevices or periodontal pockets, transferred to VMGA III, diluted and transferred to Sabouraud Dextrose agar with 100 μg/ml of chloramphenicol, peptone water, EVA broth, EMB agar, SS agar, Bile esculin agar and Brilliant green agar. Isolation of yeasts was carried out at room temperature, for 3-7 days; and for the isolation of enteric microorganisms plates were incubated at 37°C, for 24-48 h. The yeasts identification was performed according to the carbon and nitrogen assimilation, fermentation of carbohydrates and germ tube formation. Bacteria were identified according to their colonial and cellular morphologies and biochemical tests. Yeasts were identified as Candida albicans and its occurrence was more common in patients with CD4+ below 200/mm3 and was affected by the extension of periodontal involvement (P = 0.0345). Enteric bacteria recovered from clinical specimens were identified as Enterobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia liquefaciens, Klebsiella oxytoca and Enterococcus sp. Enterobacteriaceae and enterococci were detected in 32.5% of clinical samples from patients with necrotizing periodontitis. In conclusion, non-oral pathogenic bacteria and C. albicans were more prevalent in periodontal sites of HIV-positive patients with necrotizing periodontitis and chronic gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elerson Gaetti-Jardim Júnior
- Laboratório de Patologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo , Araçatuba, SP , Brasil
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Nishiyama SAB, Nakano V, Velásquez-Melendez G, Avila-Campos MJ. Occurrence of herpes simplex virus 1 and three periodontal bacteria in patients with chronic periodontitis and necrotic pulp. Can J Microbiol 2008; 54:326-30. [DOI: 10.1139/w08-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Viral and bacterial associations appear to be implicated in the development of periodontal infections. Little information is available describing the periodontopathic agents in root canals with necrotic pulp. In this study, the occurrence and the combinations among herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Dialister pneumosintes , Tannerella forsythia , and Treponema denticola in patients with chronic periodontitis and necrotic pulp were evaluated. Clinical samples from healthy subjects and patients with periodontal or pulp infections were analyzed using a nested polymerase chain reaction PCR to detect HSV and PCR to detect the 3 periodontal bacteria. The presence of Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola was observed in healthy, periodontitis, and necrotic pulp patients. HSV was observed in periodontitis and necrotic pulp patients, and no healthy subject harbored D. pneumosintes or HSV. The occurrence of Tannerella forsythia was not statistically significant in patients with necrotic pulp (P = 0.704). Periodontal bacteria were observed varying from 10.3% to 20.7% in periodontitis and necrotic pulp patients. The presence of Treponema denticola – HSV association was predominant in patients showing necrotic pulp (24.1%); however, HSV alone was observed in one patient with periodontitis and in another patient with necrotic pulp. The presence of double association among bacteria or bacteria – HSV could indicate a role in both periodontitis and necrotic pulp, and Tannerella forsythia – Treponema denticola – HSV and Tannerella forsythia – D. pneumosintes – Treponema denticola – HSV associations might be important in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Alexandra Belini Nishiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Public Health Department, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Public Health Department, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Velásquez-Melendez
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Public Health Department, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mario Julio Avila-Campos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Public Health Department, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Almeida FS, Nakano V, Avila‐Campos MJ. Occurrence of enterotoxigenic and nonenterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in calves and evaluation of their antimicrobial susceptibility. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2007; 272:15-21. [PMID: 17488333 PMCID: PMC7110008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis is considered an important clinical pathogen and the most common anaerobe isolated from human and animal clinical specimens; enterotoxigenic strains produce diarrhea. The presence of enterotoxigenic (ETBF) and nonenterotoxigenic B. fragilis in stool samples from calves with or without acute diarrhea and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains were evaluated. The stool samples were plated onto a selective B. fragilis–bile–esculin agar, and incubated anaerobically (10% CO2/90% N2), at 37°C, for 72 h. Species of the B. fragilis group were identified by using the API 32‐A kit. Enterotoxigenic strains were detected by PCR and the cytotoxic assay. From 54 diarrhea and 54 nondiarrhea stools, 124 and 92 members of the B. fragilis group, respectively, were recovered. Only two ETBF strains were isolated from two different diarrhea samples and the bft gene was detected in both. Moreover, the bft gene was detected in DNA from four different diarrheal stools samples but no ETBF strain was recovered. All the bacteria were susceptible to chloramphenicol, imipenem, moxifloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, metronidazole and tigecycline. Most of the isolates from both calves with and without diarrhea were resistant to all metals. Our results are of concern, and suggest the need to increase the surveillance of antibiotic and metal resistance of this microbial group isolated from animal production such as calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S. Almeida
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mario J. Avila‐Campos
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Pumbwe L, Skilbeck CA, Nakano V, Avila-Campos MJ, Piazza RMF, Wexler HM. Bile salts enhance bacterial co-aggregation, bacterial-intestinal epithelial cell adhesion, biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance of Bacteroides fragilis. Microb Pathog 2007; 43:78-87. [PMID: 17524609 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis is the most common anaerobic bacterium isolated from human intestinal tract infections. Before B. fragilis interacts with the intestinal epithelial cells, it is exposed to bile salts at physiological concentrations of 0.1-1.3%. The aim of this study was to determine how pre-treatment with bile salts affected B. fragilis cells and their interaction with intestinal epithelial cells. B. fragilis NCTC9343 was treated with conjugated bile salts (BSC) or non-conjugated bile salts (BSM). Cellular ultrastructure was assessed by electron microscopy, gene expression was quantified by comparative quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Adhesion to the HT-29 human intestinal cell line and to PVC microtitre plates (biofilm formation) was determined. Exposure to 0.15% BSC or BSM resulted in overproduction of fimbria-like appendages and outer membrane vesicles, and increased expression of genes encoding RND-type efflux pumps and the major outer membrane protein, OmpA. Bile salt-treated bacteria had increased resistance to structurally unrelated antimicrobial agents and showed a significant increase in bacterial co-aggregation, adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and biofilm formation. These data suggest that bile salts could enhance intestinal colonization by B. fragilis via several mechanisms, and could therefore be significant to host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Pumbwe
- Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration Healthcare Systems, CA, USA.
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Nakano V, Gomes TAT, Vieira MAM, Ferreira RDC, Avila-Campos MJ. bft gene subtyping in enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis isolated from children with acute diarrhea. Anaerobe 2006; 13:1-5. [PMID: 17166747 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) strains are associated with diarrhea disease in farm animals and young children. In this study, the bft gene subtyping from ETBF strains recovered from one immunodeficient and two immunocompetent children with diarrhea were determined. Thirteen ETBF strains were isolated and by using a multiplex-PCR their bft subtypes were determined. All 13 ETBF strains harbored the bft-1 subtype and by AP-PCR they were clustered in the same group I. This study shows that ETBF strains can be present in acute diarrhea and that bft-1 subtype is often present in these organisms. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the role of this bft-1 subtype in the pathogenesis of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Nakano
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Nakano V, Fontes Piazza RM, Avila-Campos MJ. A rapid assay of the sialidase activity in species of the Bacteroides fragilis group by using peanut lectin hemagglutination. Anaerobe 2006; 12:238-41. [PMID: 17011805 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel, simple and rapid hemagglutination assay by using a peanut lectin to detect a neuraminidase activity in strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group was developed. One hundred and fourteen species of the B. fragilis group isolated from children with and without diarrhea and 15 reference strains were evaluated. Neuraminidase production was determined by using the method above described and its inhibition was observed by using galactose. The neuraminidase production was observed in 54 (84.37%) diarrhea and in 43 (86%) non-diarrhea strains. HA titers were ranged from 2 to 32. This neuraminidase assays based on PNA hemagglutination is highly sensitive, reproducible and could be used as a tool to detect the sialidase activity in anaerobic bacteria, particularly, in species of the B. fragilis group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Nakano
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Nakano V, Gomes DA, Arantes RME, Nicoli JR, Avila-Campos MJ. Evaluation of the pathogenicity of the Bacteroides fragilis toxin gene subtypes in gnotobiotic mice. Curr Microbiol 2006; 53:113-7. [PMID: 16832728 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-0321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) strains produce a metalloprotease toxin (BFT) related to diarrheal disease in animals, young children, and adults. Three different isoforms of the enterotoxin, designated BFT-1, BFT-2, and BFT-3, have been identified and sequenced. In the present study, the pathogenicity of the ETBF strains carrying bft-1 or bft-2 was evaluated. Each toxin gene subtype of ETBF (bft-1 or bft-2) was intragastrically monoassociated to germ-free mice during 10 days and histopathological data from intestines and liver compared with those from mice monoassociated to a non-enterotoxigenic B. fragilis. Histopathological alterations were observed in all groups of animals related to ETBF. These alterations were characterized mainly by ulceration, edema, and inflammatory infiltration in intestine. However, these lesions were slightly more severe in mice monoassociated with bft-2 subtype. No alteration or lesion was observed in animals associated with the non-enterotoxigenic B. fragilis. In conclusion, strains harboring bft-1 or bft-2 gene subtypes were able to induce histopathological alterations in intestine of a gnotobiotic mice model and it could explain the effect produced for the enterotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Nakano
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Avila-Campos MJ, Rivera IN, Nakano V. Genetic diversity of oral Fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from patients with different clinical conditions. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2006; 48:59-63. [PMID: 16699623 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652006000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic diversity of 23 oral Fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from 15 periodontal patients, eight from seven healthy subjects, nine from nine AIDS patients and two from two Cebus apella monkeys were analyzed. EcoRI restricted the bacterial DNA and 28 ribotypes grouped from A to J groups were obtained. Isolates formed 24 ribotypes which were contained into A, B, C, D, E and F groups, and three reference strains and two clinical isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans, and E. coli CDC formed four different ribotypes into the G, H, I and J groups. Moreover, from nine F. nucleatum from AIDS patients, six were ribotyped as group C and three as group D. By using ribotyping we distinguished F. nucleatum recovered from different sources. It is possible that isolates from AIDS patients may contain some phenotypic or genotypic factor did not observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J Avila-Campos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Silvestro EM, Nakano V, Arana-Chavez VE, Marques MV, Avila-Campos MJ. Effects of subinhibitory concentrations of clindamycin on the morphological, biochemical and genetic characteristics ofBacteroides fragilis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 257:189-94. [PMID: 16553852 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of subinhibitory concentrations of clindamycin on the morphological, biochemical and genetic characteristics of species of the Bacteroides fragilis group isolated from children with diarrhea were determined. The minimal inhibitory and subinhibitory concentrations for clindamycin were determined. Minimal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.25 to 512 microg mL(-1) were observed. Cultures grown with clindamycin were used to determine the macroscopic morphological characteristics, cellular viability, ultrastructural characteristics and DNA integrity. Clindamycin did not alter colonial morphology, but after 6 h elongated cells were observed. Also, extracellular vesicles and electron-lucent areas inside the cytoplasm were observed. Bacteria treated with clindamycin also showed fragmentation of DNA as determined by electrophoresis. The alterations produced by clindamycin might be indicative of a possible modification of the structures involved in bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elessandra Maria Silvestro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Nakano V, Padilla G, do Valle Marques M, Avila-Campos MJ. Plasmid-related beta-lactamase production in Bacteroides fragilis strains. Res Microbiol 2005; 155:843-6. [PMID: 15567279 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2004.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2004] [Accepted: 06/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Twenty Bacteroides fragilis group species isolated from children with and without diarrhea were analyzed. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed using an agar dilution method; beta-lactamase production was determined using a nitrocefin method, and plasmids were extracted using a commercial Miniprep System. MIC values ranged from 16 to 256 microg/ml for penicillin, 4-128 microg/ml for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 0.25-256 microg/ml for clindamycin, and 16-256 microg/ml for penicillin. beta-Lactamase was detected in all isolates. Only five isolates harbored plasmids varying from 7.8 to 1.8 kb. Loss of 6.4- and 3.8-kb plasmids in B. fragilis C68c was related to antibiotic resistance. Low molecular weight plasmids of 2.8-1.8 kb were stable. PCR amplification of cfiA and cepA genes was observed using total DNA, and the cfiA gene was also amplified from the 6.4-kb plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Nakano
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, São Paulo, 05508-900 SP, Brazil
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Nakano V, Avila-Campos MJ. Survey of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the bacteria of the Bacteroides fragilis group isolated from the intestinal tract of children. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004; 99:319-24. [PMID: 15273807 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762004000300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteria of the Bacteroides fragilis group are considered important clinical pathogens and they are the most common anaerobes isolated from human endogenous infections. In this study, the susceptibility patterns to antibiotics and metals of 114 species of the B. fragilis group isolated from children with and without diarrhea were determined. Susceptibility was assayed by using an agar dilution method with Wilkins-Chalgren agar. All B. fragilis strains were resistant to lead and nickel, but susceptible to metronidazole and imipenem. beta-lactamase production was detected by using biological and nitrocefin methods, respectively, in 50% and 90.6% of the isolates of children with diarrhea and in 60% and 90% of the isolates of children without diarrhea. Our results show an increase of antibiotics and metals resistance in this microbial group, and a periodic evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility is needed. In Brazil, the contamination for antibiotics or metal ions is often observed, and it is suggested an increase the antimicrobial resistance surveillance of this microbial group, mainly those isolated from children's diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Nakano
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brasil
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Nakano V, Avila-Campos MJ. Virulence markers and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria of the Bacteroides fragilis group isolated from stool of children with diarrhea in São Paulo, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004; 99:307-12. [PMID: 15273805 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762004000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis has been isolated from several human and non-human monomicrobial and mixed infections. In this study, some virulence markers and the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria of the B. fragilis group isolated from children's stools were evaluated. All the 64 isolates showed the following characteristics: capsulated, beta-hemolytic, hydrophilic, and serum-resistant. Only, 24 (37.5%) strains were resistant at 60 masculine C, for 30 min, and among them, 12 (18.75%) were resistant at 60 masculine C, for 60 min. Also, none strain was resistant at 100 masculine C. Four strains were able to hemagglutinate erythrocytes and D-mannose, D-galactose, D-arabinose, and D-xylose inhibited hemagglutination in 2 B. fragilis strains (p76a, p76b). The hemagglutination in the strain B. uniformis p3-2 was inhibited by D-xylose and D-galactose. The bft gene detection and the enterotoxin production were observed only in 13 EF-enterotoxigenic species. Fragilysin activity was confirmed on HT-29 cells. The antimicrobial determination confirmed that both imipenem and metronidazole were efficient against B. fragilis species; all the strains were resistant to lead and nickel. Plasmids of 2.9, 4.4, 4.8, and 8.9 kb were observed in 6 tested strains. These results show the values of the species identification from clinical infections, as well as of the periodic evaluation of the resistance patterns of the B. fragilis group at Brazilian medical institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Nakano
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brasil
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Ferreira CEA, Nakano V, Avila-Campos MJ. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from hospitalized children with acute diarrhea. Anaerobe 2004; 10:171-7. [PMID: 16701515 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2004.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2003] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is an important pathogen associated with outbreaks of pseudomembranous colitis and other intestinal disorders such as diarrhea. In this study, 181 stool samples from children with and without acute diarrhea were analysed. Eighteen children with acute diarrhea were positive to C. ramosum, C. difficile, C. limosum, C. clostridioforme, C. septicum, C. butyricum, C. innocuum and Clostridium sp. Nineteen children without diarrhea harbored C. ramosum, C. septicum, C. barattii, C. butyricum, C. innocuum, C. sphenoides, C. bifermentans, C. clostridioforme and C. paraputrificum. No patient with diarrhea harbored C. barattii, C. bifermentans, C. paraputrificum and C. sphenoides. In addition, ten C. difficile strains were detected in 5 (5.5%) of the children with diarrhea. Also, no children from control group harbored C. difficile, C. limosum and Clostridium sp. Most of the tested strains were resistant to all the used antimicrobial. Nine C. difficile were toxigenic on VERO cells and by multiplex PCR, six strains showed both toxin A and B genes and three strains showed only toxin B gene. In this study, the presence of C. difficile was not significant, and it is suggested the need of more studies to evaluate the role of clostridia or C. difficile play in the childhood diarrhea and these organisms must be looked for routinely and a periodic evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Elisa Alves Ferreira
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05508-900, Brazil
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Ferreira CEA, Nakano V, Durigon EL, Avila-Campos MJ. Prevalence of Clostridium spp. and Clostridium difficile in children with acute diarrhea in São Paulo city, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003; 98:451-4. [PMID: 12937752 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762003000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Clostridium are widely distributed in the environment, inhabiting both human and animal gastrointestinal tracts. Clostridium difficile is an important pathogen associated with outbreaks of pseudomembranous colitis and other intestinal disorders, such as diarrhea. In this study, the prevalence of Clostridium spp. and C. difficile, from hospitalized children with acute diarrhea, was examined. These children were admitted to 3 different hospitals for over 12 months. Eighteen (20%) and 19 (21%) stool specimens from children with (90) and without (91) diarrhea respectively, were positive to clostridia. Only 10 C. difficile strains were detected in 5.5% of the stool samples of children with diarrhea. None healthy children (without diarrhea) harbored C. difficile. From these 10 C. difficile, 9 were considered as toxigenic and genotyped as tcdA+/tcdB+ or tcdA-/tcdB+, and 1 strain as nontoxigenic (tcdA-/tdcB-). They were detected by the citotoxicity on VERO cells and by the multiplex-polymerase chain reaction. Thirty clinical fecal extracts produced minor alterations on VERO cells. The presence of C. difficile as a probable agent of acute diarrhea is suggested in several countries, but in this study, the presence of these organisms was not significant. More studies will be necessary to evaluate the role of clostridia or C. difficile in diarrhoeal processes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E A Ferreira
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brasil
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