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Seaho B, Lekwongphaiboon C, Inthakusol W, Prateeptongkum S, Harnying W, Berkessel A, Duangdee N. NMR-based stability evaluation of (E)-1-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)butadiene (DMPBD) from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. rhizome. Phytochem Anal 2023. [PMID: 38130156 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The active compound (E)-1-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)butadiene (DMPBD) isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. has potent anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Although DMPBD is one of the promising drug candidates for phytomedicine, its limited stability impedes its widespread use. For the development of new drugs, the assessment of their chemical stability is essential, ensuring they maintain their properties within specified limits throughout the period from production until use. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the stability of DMPBD under various conditions, including different solvents, temperatures, and lighting conditions, to identify the factors affecting stability and optimize the storage and handling conditions. METHODOLOGY DMPBD samples subjected to the different conditions tested were monitored by quantitative 1 H NMR (qHNMR), using an internal standard for the determination of the absolute quantity of DMPBD as a function of time and the changes thereof within 1 month. RESULTS Significant decomposition of DMPBD was observed in chloroform-d1 , whereas its content remained constant in methanol-d4 . The content of DMPBD was maintained upon storage at temperatures below 4°C, both as methanolic solution and in the crude extract. Exposure to light had a slight negative impact on its contents. Some degradation products could be identified as resulting from O2 -induced cleavage of the diene moiety. CONCLUSIONS For pharmacological/therapeutic applications, DMPBD should be stored in the form of the crude extract or as a purified material in methanolic solution. Ideally, the storage temperature should be below 4°C and O2 should be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonwiset Seaho
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chatkamon Lekwongphaiboon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wichayasith Inthakusol
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Cannabis and Herbal Products Innovation, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Saisuree Prateeptongkum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wacharee Harnying
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nongnaphat Duangdee
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Cannabis and Herbal Products Innovation, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Paul M, Thomulka T, Harnying W, Neudörfl JM, Adams CR, Martens J, Berden G, Oomens J, Meijer AJHM, Berkessel A, Schäfer M. Hydrogen Bonding Shuts Down Tunneling in Hydroxycarbenes: A Gas-Phase Study by Tandem-Mass Spectrometry, Infrared Ion Spectroscopy, and Theory. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37235775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxycarbenes can be generated and structurally characterized in the gas phase by collision-induced decarboxylation of α-keto carboxylic acids, followed by infrared ion spectroscopy. Using this approach, we have shown earlier that quantum-mechanical hydrogen tunneling (QMHT) accounts for the isomerization of a charge-tagged phenylhydroxycarbene to the corresponding aldehyde in the gas phase and above room temperature. Herein, we report the results of our current study on aliphatic trialkylammonio-tagged systems. Quite unexpectedly, the flexible 3-(trimethylammonio)propylhydroxycarbene turned out to be stable─no H-shift to either aldehyde or enol occurred. As supported by density functional theory calculations, this novel QMHT inhibition is due to intramolecular H-bonding of a mildly acidic α-ammonio C-H bonds to the hydroxyl carbene's C-atom (C:···H-C). To further support this hypothesis, (4-quinuclidinyl)hydroxycarbenes were synthesized, whose rigid structure prevents this intramolecular H-bonding. The latter hydroxycarbenes underwent "regular" QMHT to the aldehyde at rates comparable to, e.g., methylhydroxycarbene studied by Schreiner et al. While QMHT has been shown for a number of biological H-shift processes, its inhibition by H-bonding disclosed here may serve for the stabilization of highly reactive intermediates such as carbenes, even as a mechanism for biasing intrinsic selectivity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Thomas Thomulka
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Wacharee Harnying
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Charlie R Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | | | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Mathias Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
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Harnying W, Sudkaow P, Biswas A, Berkessel A. N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Carboxylic Acid Co-Catalysis Enables Oxidative Esterification of Demanding Aldehydes/Enals, at Low Catalyst Loading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19631-19636. [PMID: 34010504 PMCID: PMC8457137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery that simple carboxylic acids, such as benzoic acid, boost the activity of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts in the oxidative esterification of aldehydes. A simple and efficient protocol for the transformation of a wide range of sterically hindered α- and β-substituted aliphatic aldehydes/enals, catalyzed by a novel and readily accessible N-Mes-/N-2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 1,2,4-triazolium salt, and benzoic acid as co-catalyst, was developed. A whole series of α/β-substituted aliphatic aldehydes/enals hitherto not amenable to NHC-catalyzed esterification could be reacted at typical catalyst loadings of 0.02-1.0 mol %. For benzaldehyde, even 0.005 mol % of NHC catalyst proved sufficient: the lowest value ever achieved in NHC catalysis. Preliminary studies point to carboxylic acid-induced acceleration of acyl transfer from azolium enolate intermediates as the mechanistic basis of the observed effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wacharee Harnying
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Panyapon Sudkaow
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Animesh Biswas
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
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Harnying W, Sudkaow P, Biswas A, Berkessel A. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Carboxylic Acid Co‐Catalysis Enables Oxidative Esterification of Demanding Aldehydes/Enals, at Low Catalyst Loading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wacharee Harnying
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Panyapon Sudkaow
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Animesh Biswas
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
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Abstract
An efficient oxidative NHC-catalyzed one-step transformation of (S)- or (R)-8-oxocitronellal to nepetalactone (NL) in enantio- and diastereomerically pure form has been developed. Several new and "easy to make" N-Mes- or N-Dipp-substituted 1,2,4-triazolium salts carrying nitroaromatic groups on N1 were synthesized and evaluated as precatalysts in combination with base and stoichiometric organic oxidant. Under optimized conditions, NLs are accessible in very good yields and diastereomerically pure under mild conditions. The oxidant used could be recovered and recycled under operationally simple conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wacharee Harnying
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) , University of Cologne , Greinstrasse 4 , 50939 Cologne , Germany
| | - Jörg-M Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) , University of Cologne , Greinstrasse 4 , 50939 Cologne , Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) , University of Cologne , Greinstrasse 4 , 50939 Cologne , Germany
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Harnying W, Berkessel A, Neudörfl JM. Catalytic Prins Reaction Effected by Molecular Iodine in the Presence of Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Salts. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yatham VR, Harnying W, Kootz D, Neudörfl JM, Schlörer NE, Berkessel A. 1,4-Bis-Dipp/Mes-1,2,4-Triazolylidenes: Carbene Catalysts That Efficiently Overcome Steric Hindrance in the Redox Esterification of α- and β-Substituted α,β-Enals. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2670-7. [PMID: 26797403 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As reported by Scheidt and Bode in 2005, sterically nonencumbered α,β-enals are readily converted to saturated esters in the presence of alcohols and N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts, e.g., benzimidazolylidenes or triazolylidenes. However, substituents at the α- or β-position of the α,β-enal substrate are typically not tolerated, thus severely limiting the substrate spectrum. On the basis of our earlier mechanistic studies, a set of N-Mes- or N-Dipp-substituted 1,2,4-triazolium salts were synthesized and evaluated as (pre)catalysts in the redox esterification of various α- or β-substituted enals. In particular the 1,4-bis-Mes/Dipp-1,2,4-triazolylidenes overcome the above limitations and efficiently catalyze the redox esterification of a whole series of α/β-substituted enals hitherto not amenable to NHC-catalyzed transformations. The synthetic value of 1,4-bis-Mes/Dipp-1,2,4-triazolylidenes is further demonstrated by the one-step bicyclization of 10-oxocitral to (racemic) nepetalactone in diastereomerically pure form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Reddy Yatham
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne , Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wacharee Harnying
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne , Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Darius Kootz
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne , Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-M Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne , Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils E Schlörer
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne , Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne , Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
We report an efficient and practical protocol for the Cr/Ni-catalyzed vinylation of aldehydes, based on the use of Mn/Cr alloy (ca. 10 % Cr) and TMSCl. No additional Cr salts need to be added. In the presence of NiCl2 (0.3 mol %) and a bis(ketimino)-2,2'-bipyridine as N4 -chelating ligand (1 mol %), the vinylations proceed smoothly at room temperature. The presence of catalytic amounts of MeOH and LiOAc as additives was found to further promote the efficiency of the catalytic system, even in the absence of the ligand. Detailed reaction monitoring revealed that LiOAc accelerates the product alcohol silylation, thus increasing the turnover rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wacharee Harnying
- Department of Chemistry, Cologne University, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne (Germany) http://www.berkessel.de
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Duangdee N, Harnying W, Rulli G, Neudörfl JM, Gröger H, Berkessel A. Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Trifluoromethyl Carbinol Synthesis—A Caveat on Reaction Times and Product Isolation. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11196-205. [DOI: 10.1021/ja302511t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nongnaphat Duangdee
- Department of Chemistry (Organic
Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstrasse
4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wacharee Harnying
- Department of Chemistry (Organic
Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstrasse
4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Rulli
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy (Organic Chemistry II), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91056 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg-M. Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry (Organic
Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstrasse
4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy (Organic Chemistry II), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91056 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry (Organic
Chemistry I), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse
25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry (Organic
Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstrasse
4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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Berkessel A, Harnying W, Duangdee N, Neudörfl JM, Gröger H. Large-Scale Synthesis of Singh’s Catalyst in a One-Pot Procedure Starting from Proline. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op200283q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry (Organic
Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstrasse
4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wacharee Harnying
- Department of Chemistry (Organic
Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstrasse
4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nongnaphat Duangdee
- Department of Chemistry (Organic
Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstrasse
4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-M. Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry (Organic
Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstrasse
4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Department of Chemistry (Organic
Chemistry I), University of Bielefeld,
Universitätsstr. 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Harnying W, Kaiser A, Klein A, Berkessel A. Cr/Ni-Catalyzed Vinylation of Aldehydes: A Mechanistic Study on the Catalytic Roles of Nickel and Chromium. Chemistry 2011; 17:4765-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Harnying W, Kitisriworaphan W, Pohmakotr M, Enders D. Stereoselective Sulfonate Aldol Reactions: Asymmetric Synthesis of α,β-Substituted β-Hydroxy Sulfonates. Synlett 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-986642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Enders D, Harnying W. A Highly Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Homotaurine Derivatives via Diastereoselective Ring-Opening of γ-Sultones. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-831256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Enders D, Harnying W, Raabe G. Diastereoselective Hydrolysis of α,γ-Substituted γ-Sultones in the Asymmetric Synthesis of γ-Hydroxy Sulfonates. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-815952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Enders D, Harnying W, Vignola N. Asymmetric Synthesis ofα,γ-Substitutedγ-Sultones via Allylation of Chiral Lithiated Sulfonates. European J Org Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200300342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pohmakotr M, Harnying W, Tuchinda P, Reutrakul V. Vicinal Dianion of Triethyl Ethanetricarboxylate: Syntheses of (±)-Lichesterinic Acid, (±)-Phaseolinic Acid, (±)-Nephromopsinic Acid, (±)-Rocellaric Acid, and (±)-Dihydroprotolichesterinic Acid. Helv Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1522-2675(200211)85:11<3792::aid-hlca3792>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Enders D, Berner O, Vignola N, Harnying W. Asymmetric Michael Addition
of Chiral Lithiated Sulfonates to Nitroalkenes: Diastereo- and Enantioselective
Synthesis of α,β-Disubstituted γ-Nitro
and β-Alkoxycarbonyl Methyl Sulfonates. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2002. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-34368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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