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Chin VK, Asyran AMY, Zakaria ZA, Abdullah WO, Chong PP, Nordin N, Ibraheem ZO, Majid RA, Basir R. TREM-1 modulation produces positive outcome on the histopathology and cytokines release profile of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. J Parasit Dis 2018; 43:139-153. [PMID: 30956457 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-018-1070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is a potential molecular therapeutic target for various inflammatory diseases. Despite that, the role of TREM-1 during malaria pathogenesis remains obscure with present literature suggesting a link between TREM-1 with severe malaria development. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of TREM-1 and TREM-1 related drugs during severe malaria infection in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice model. Our findings revealed that TREM-1 concentration was significantly increased throughout the infection periods and TREM-1 was positively correlated with malaria parasitemia development. This suggests a positive involvement of TREM-1 in severe malaria development. Meanwhile, blocking of TREM-1 activation using rmTREM-1/Fc and TREM-1 clearance by mTREM-1/Ab had significantly reduced malaria parasitemia and suppressed the production of pro- inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Furthermore, histopathological analysis of TREM-1 related drug treatments, in particular rmTREM-1/Fc showed significant improvements in the histological conditions of major organs (kidneys, spleen, lungs, liver and brain) of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. This study showed that modulation of TREM-1 released during malaria infection produces a positive outcome on malaria infection through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and alleviation of histopathological conditions of affected organs. Nevertheless, further investigation on its optimal dosage and dose dependant study should be carried out to maximise its full potential as immunomodulatory or as an adjuvant in line with current antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voon Kin Chin
- 2School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Afiq Mohd Yusof Asyran
- 1Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- 4Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Wan Omar Abdullah
- 5Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 55100 Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- 2School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- 4Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Zaid Osamah Ibraheem
- 1Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Roslaini Abdul Majid
- 3Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Rusliza Basir
- 1Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Basher MHA, Ithoi I, Mahmud R, Abdulsalam AM, Foead AI, Dawaki S, Atroosh WMM, Nissapatorn V, Abdullah WO. Occurrence of Acanthamoeba genotypes in Central West Malaysian environments. Acta Trop 2018; 178:219-228. [PMID: 29203378 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba species are ubiquitous free-living protozoa that can be found worldwide. Occasionally, it can become parasitic and the causative agent of acanthamoebic keratitis (AK) and Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis (GAE) in man. A total of 160 environmental samples and 225 naturally-infected animal corneal swabs were collected for Acanthamoeba cultivation. Acanthamoeba was found to be high in samples collected from environments (85%, 136/160) compared to infected animal corneas (24.89%, 56/225) by microscopic examination. Analysis of nucleotide sequence of 18S rRNA gene of all the 192 cultivable Acanthamoeba isolates revealed 4 genotypes (T3, T4. T5 and T15) with T4 as the most prevalent (69.27%, 133/192) followed by T5 (20.31%), T15 (9.90%) and T3 (0.52%). Genotype T4 was from the strain of A. castellanii U07401 (44.27%), A. castellanii U07409 (20.83%) and A. polyphagaAY026243 (4.17%), but interestingly, only A. castellanii U07401 was detected in naturally infected corneal samples. In environmental samples, T4 was commonly detected in all samples including dry soil, dust, wet debris, wet soil and water. Among the T4, A. castellanii (U07409) strains were detected high occurrence in dry (45%) followed by aquatic (32.50%) and moist (22.50%) samples but however A. castellanii (U07401) strains were dominant in dry samples of soil and dust (93.10%). Subsequently, genotype T5 of A. lenticulata (U94741) strains were dominant in samples collected from aquatic environments (58.97%). In summary, A. castellanii (U07401) strains were found dominant in both environmental and corneal swab samples. Therefore, these strains are possibly the most virulent and dry soil or dusts are the most possible source of Acanthamoeba infection in cats and dogs corneas.
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Devanthran K, Unyah Z, Majid RA, Abdullah WO. In vitro activity of Piper sarmentosum ethanol leaf extract against <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> tachyzoites. TROP J PHARM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v16i11.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abdulhaleem N, Mahmuda A, Khadim AZKJ, Majid RA, Lung LTT, Abdullah WO, Unyah Z. An overview of the prevalence and distribution of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in post-war Iraq. TROP J PHARM RES 2017; 16:1443. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v16i6.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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Mahmuda A, Bande F, Kadhim Al-Zihiry KJ, Abdulhaleem N, Majid RA, Hamat RA, Abdullah WO, Unyah Z. Monoclonal antibodies: A review of therapeutic applications and future prospects. TROP J PHARM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v16i3.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Mahmuda A, Al-Zihiry KJK, Roslaini AM, Rukman AH, Abdulhaleem N, Bande F, Mohammed AA, Alayande MO, Abdullah WO, Zasmy U. Histopathological confirmation of disseminated larvae (iL3) of Strongyloides ratti in an immunosuppressed Wistar rat. Trop Biomed 2017; 34:212-223. [PMID: 33593000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human strongyloidiasis research requires a large supply of Strongyloides stercoralis. This can be achieved through in vivo maintenance of Strongyloides stercoralis in Meriones unguiculatus, but isolating a large quantity of Strongyloides stercoralis to establish the colony from an infected patient is too difficult to achieve. Hence, Strongyloides ratti have been used as a model in human strongyloidiasis research. This study describes a successful establishment and maintenance of Strongyloides ratti infection in experimentally immunosuppressed Wistar rats. Large quantities of filariform (iL3) larvae of Strongyloides ratti for research related to human strongyloidiasis have been harvested following this protocol. Molecular detection method based on PCR using species specific primers was used to confirm the species of the harvested infective larvae (iL3). Additionally, the identification of histopathological lesions confirmed the presence of infective larvae (iL3) in the liver and lungs as a result of an increased parasite burden due to hyperinfection and disseminated disease. This pathological presentation was found to be similar to that reported in Strongyloides stercoralis-infected immunocompromised human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mahmuda
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu, Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - K J K Al-Zihiry
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - A M Roslaini
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - A H Rukman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - N Abdulhaleem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq
| | - F Bande
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia
| | - A A Mohammed
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu, Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - M O Alayande
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu, Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - W O Abdullah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Islamic Science University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - U Zasmy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
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Noradilah SA, Lee IL, Anuar TS, Salleh FM, Abdul Manap SNA, Mohd Mohtar NSH, Azrul SM, Abdullah WO, Moktar N. Occurrence of Blastocystis sp. in water catchments at Malay villages and Aboriginal settlement during wet and dry seasons in Peninsular Malaysia. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2541. [PMID: 27761331 PMCID: PMC5068341 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tropics, there are too few studies on isolation of Blastocystis sp. subtypes from water sources; in addition, there is also an absence of reported studies on the occurrence of Blastocystis sp. subtypes in water during different seasons. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the occurrence of Blastocystis sp. subtypes in river water and other water sources that drained aboriginal vicinity of highly endemic intestinal parasitic infections during wet and dry seasons. Water samples were collected from six sampling points of Sungai Krau (K1–K6) and a point at Sungai Lompat (K7) and other water sources around the aboriginal villages. The water samples were collected during both seasons, wet and dry seasons. Filtration of the water samples were carried out using a flatbed membrane filtration system. The extracted DNA from concentrated water sediment was subjected to single round polymerase chain reaction and positive PCR products were subjected to sequencing. All samples were also subjected to filtration and cultured on membrane lactose glucuronide agar for the detection of faecal coliforms. During wet season, Blastocystis sp. ST1, ST2 and ST3 were detected in river water samples. Blastocystis sp. ST3 occurrence was sustained in the river water samples during dry season. However Blastocystis sp. ST1 and ST2 were absent during dry season. Water samples collected from various water sources showed contaminations of Blastocystis sp. ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST4, during wet season and Blastocystis sp. ST1, ST3, ST8 and ST10 during dry season. Water collected from all river sampling points during both seasons showed growth of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes, indicating faecal contamination. In this study, Blastocystis sp. ST3 is suggested as the most robust and resistant subtype able to survive in any adverse environmental condition. Restriction and control of human and animal faecal contaminations to the river and other water sources shall prevent the transmission of Blastocystis sp. to humans and animals in this aboriginal community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samseh Abdullah Noradilah
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ii Li Lee
- Kulliyyah of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kolej Universiti Insaniah , Kuala Ketil , Kedah , Malaysia
| | - Tengku Shahrul Anuar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatmah Md Salleh
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Cheras , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Siti Nor Azreen Abdul Manap
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Cheras , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Noor Shazleen Husnie Mohd Mohtar
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Cheras , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Syed Muhamad Azrul
- Multipurpose Laboratory, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Cheras , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Wan Omar Abdullah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia , Pandan Indah , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Moktar
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Cheras , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Abd Ghani MK, Omar S, Nordin A, Suboh Y, Ab Rahim N, Abdullah WO, Ahmad N. Kerentanan Acanthamoeba spp. terhadap Larutan Disinfektan Pelbagai Guna Kanta Sentuh. SAINS MALAYS 2015. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2015-4409-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Al-Zihiry KJK, Aliyu M, Atshan SS, Unyah Z, Ibraheem ZO, Majid RA, Hamat RA, Abdullah WO. Molecular Detection of <i>Strongyloides ratti</i> in Faecal Samples from Wild Rats in Serdang, Malaysia. TROP J PHARM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i7.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Fazalul Rahiman SS, Basir R, Talib H, Tie TH, Chuah YK, Jabbarzare M, Chong WC, Mohd Yusoff MA, Nordin N, Yam MF, Abdullah WO, Abdul Majid R. Interleukin-27 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity during Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Trop Biomed 2013; 30:663-680. [PMID: 24522137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) has a pleiotropic role either as a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine in inflammatory related diseases. The role and involvement of IL-27 during malaria was investigated and the effects of modulating its release on the production of major inflammatory cytokines and the histopathological consequences in major affected organs during the infection were evaluated. Results showed that IL-27 concentration was significantly elevated throughout the infection but no positive correlation with the parasitaemia development observed. Augmentation of IL-27 significantly elevated the release of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 whereas antagonising and neutralising IL-27 produced the opposite. A significant elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-6) was also observed, both during augmentation and inhibition of IL-27. Thus, it is suggested that IL-27 exerts an anti-inflammatory activity in the Th1 type response by signalling the production of IL-10 during malaria. Histopathological examination showed sequestration of PRBC in the microvasculature of major organs in malarial mice. Other significant histopathological changes include hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the Kupffer cells in the liver, hyaline membrane formation in lung tissue, enlargement of the white and red pulp followed by the disappearance of germinal centre of the spleen, and tubular vacuolation of the kidney tissues. In conclusion, it is suggested that IL-27 may possibly acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine during the infection. Modulation of its release produced a positive impact on inflammatory cytokine production during the infection, suggesting its potential in malaria immunotherapy, in which the host may benefit from its inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Fazalul Rahiman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H Talib
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - T H Tie
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Y K Chuah
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Jabbarzare
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W C Chong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M A Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Nordin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M F Yam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - W O Abdullah
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Abdul Majid
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Basir R, Hasballah K, Jabbarzare M, Gam LH, Abdul Majid AM, Yam MF, Moklas MAM, Othman F, Che Norma MT, Zalinah A, Mahmud R, Abdullah WO. Modulation of interleukin-18 release produced positive outcomes on parasitaemia development and cytokines production during malaria in mice. Trop Biomed 2012; 29:405-421. [PMID: 23018504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and the effects of modulating its release on the course of malaria infection were investigated using Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in ICR mice as a model. Results demonstrated that plasma IL-18 concentrations in malarial mice were significantly elevated and positively correlated with the percentage parasitaemia development. Significant expressions of IL-18 were also observed in the brain, spleen and liver tissues. Slower development of parasitaemia was observed significantly upon inhibition and neutralization of IL-18, whereas faster development of parasitaemia was recorded when the circulating levels of IL-18 were further augmented during the infection. Inhibition and neutralization of IL-18 production also resulted in a significant decrease of plasma concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1α and IL-6), whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was significantly increased. Augmenting the release of IL- 18 during the infection on the other hand resulted in the opposite. Early mortality in malarial mice was also observed when the circulating levels of IL-18 were further augmented. Results proved the important role of IL-18 in immune response against malaria and suggest that IL-8 is pro-inflammatory in nature and may involve in mediating the severity of the infection through a pathway of elevating the pro-inflammatory cytokine and limiting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Basir R, Rahiman SSF, Hasballah K, Chong WC, Talib H, Yam MF, Jabbarzare M, Tie TH, Othman F, Moklas MAM, Abdullah WO, Ahmad Z. Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection in ICR Mice as a Model of Cerebral Malaria. Iran J Parasitol 2012; 7:62-74. [PMID: 23323093 PMCID: PMC3537477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models with various combination of host-parasite have long been employed to study malaria pathogenesis. Here, we describe the combination of Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in inbred ICR mice as a model of cerebral malaria (CM). METHODS Infection in mice was initiated by intraperitoneal injection of 2 x 10(7) (0.2ml) parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs). RESULTS This model can produce a severe degree of infection presented by the high degree of parasitaemia followed by death 6-7 days post infection. Severe anemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and discolourations of major organs were observed. Histopathological findings revealed several important features mimicking human CM including, microvascular sequestration of PRBCs in major organs, particularly in the brain, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the kupffer cells in the liver, pulmonary edema and hyaline membrane formation in the lungs and haemorrhages in the kidney's medulla and cortex. Proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-18, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were all found to be elevated in the plasma of infected mice. CONCLUSION This model can reproduce many of the important features of CM and therefore can be used as a tool to advance our understanding of the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,Corresponding author:Tel.: 00603-89472448,
| | - SS Fazalul Rahiman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K Hasballah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, 23111 Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Indonesia
| | - WC Chong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H Talib
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - MF Yam
- Pharmacology Discipline, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - M Jabbarzare
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - TH Tie
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - MAM Moklas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - WO Abdullah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hamat RA, Rahman AA, Osman M, Unyah NZ, Abdullah WO, Isa NHM. Cutaneous larva migrans: a neglected disease and possible association with the use of long socks. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2010; 104:170-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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