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Hai X, Ma L, Zhu Y, Yang Z, Li X, Chen M, Yuan M, Xiong H, Gao Y, Shi F, Wang L. Determination of bioactive flavonoids using β-cyclodextrin combined with chitosan-modified magnetic nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121295. [PMID: 37739528 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
To accurately determine flavonoids (rutin, quercetin or kaempferol), it is necessary to extract them from complex matrices. The ultrasound-assisted magnetic dispersion microsolid phase extraction technique has been predominantly used for separation and enrichment of the target analytes. The combination of magnetic chitosan nanoparticles and a deep eutectic supramolecular solvent (DESP) is likely to enhance the efficiency of flavonoid extraction from food. In this study, adsorbents were prepared by modifying chitosan with magnetic nanoparticles, and the eluent was a DESP derived from β-cyclodextrin and an organic acid. The successful preparation of these materials was confirmed by FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM and 1H NMR. The extraction recovery rates exceeded 93 %, with limits of detection and quantitation ranging from 0.9 to 2.4 μg/L and 2.7 to 7.2 μg/L, respectively, and the flavonoid clearance rates for ABTS and DPPH radicals reached 100 %. Therefore, the integration of magnetic chitosan nanoparticles with the DESP provides a new and efficient method for the extraction of flavonoids while also presenting a potential application of the DESP in separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Hai
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Lei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Yun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Minghong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Mingwei Yuan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Huabin Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China.
| | - Yuntao Gao
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China.
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
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Zhu Y, Ma L, Hai X, Yang Z, Li X, Chen M, Yuan M, Xiong H, Gao Y, Wang L, Shi F. Adsorption of methyl orange by porous membranes prepared from deep eutectic supramolecular polymer-modified chitosan. Environ Res 2023; 236:116778. [PMID: 37517482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of an adsorbent with excellent performance has been a focus of attention because of the toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of methyl orange (MO)-containing wastewater discharged from the textile, tannery and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, chitosan (CS) membranes were modified with a deep eutectic supramolecular polymer (DESP), and adsorbent membranes with porous structures were prepared with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Microstructural characterization of the CS-DESP-PEG composite membranes with FT-IR, XRD and SEM showed that the membranes had amorphous crystalline structures and that hydrogen bonding interactions weakened the crystallinity and formed loose porous structures. Optimization of the chitosan to β-cyclodextrin ratio, pH, PEG proportion, MO concentration and adsorbent dose significantly improved the adsorption efficiencies of the membranes. The adsorption behaviours of the membranes were fit with pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Regeneration experiments showed that the membranes were reusable multiple times and maintained good adsorption capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China.
| | - Lei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Hai
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Minghong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Mingwei Yuan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Huabin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China.
| | - Yuntao Gao
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China.
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
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Hai X, Zhu Y, Ma L, Yang Z, Li X, Chen M, Yuan M, Xiong H, Gao Y, Shi F, Wang L. Determination of catechol in water with deep eutectic supramolecular solvents-assisted magnetic κ-carrageenan nanoparticles. Chemosphere 2023; 338:139508. [PMID: 37459925 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
A combination of magnetic κ-carrageenan nanoparticles and deep eutectic supramolecular solvents used for extraction of catechol from water was evaluated by the magnetic dispersion solid phase extraction method. The magnetic κ-carrageenan nanoparticles (KC@Fe3O4MNPs) and the deep eutectic supramolecular solvent (DESP) were characterised by 1H NMR, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, VSM, TG, and BET. The adsorption kinetics, adsorption isothermal model, adsorption thermodynamics and effects of pH and salt concentration were investigated. Additionally, the factors used in the desorption process, such as the type, dosage, concentration and time, were analysed. Under the optimised conditions, the analytes were linear over the range 5-5000 ng mL-1, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 and detection and quantitation limits of 1.6 and 4.7 ng mL-1, respectively. The procedure was successfully applied to determinations of the analytes of interest in spiked water samples with relative average recoveries ranging from 94.3% to 101.5%. These results indicated that the combination of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and DESP had high specificity and extraction efficiency for catechol and will be a feasible alternative to conventional analyses of organic phenolic pollutants in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Hai
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Yun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Lei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Minghong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Mingwei Yuan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Huabin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China.
| | - Yuntao Gao
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China.
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, PR China
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Hai X, Shi F, Zhu Y, Ma L, Wang L, Yin J, Li X, Yang Z, Yuan M, Xiong H, Gao Y. Development of magnetic dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of four phenolic compounds from food samples based on magnetic chitosan nanoparticles and a deep eutectic supramolecular solvent. Food Chem 2023; 410:135338. [PMID: 36621335 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A magnetic dispersive micro-solid phase extraction technique (CS@Fe3O4-MD-μSPE-DESP) based on magnetic chitosan nanoparticles and a deep eutectic supramolecular solvent was developed and applied to determinations of four phenolic compounds in food samples. To prevent environmental pollution and the introduction of toxic substances, deep eutectic supramolecular solvents (DESPs), which exhibited greater desorption capacities than conventional organic solvents and deep eutectic solvents, were used as novel green eluents for the first time. Some important parameters were screened by the Plackett-Burman method and then further optimized with response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions, the proposed method showed excellent methodological indices with linearity over the range 0.1-200.0 µg·mL-1, R2 > 0.9988, extraction recoveries above 94.8 %, and precision (RSD%) below 2.9 %. The established method finishes the process of adsorption and desorption in approximately 3 min and enhances the efficiency for determination of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Hai
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Lei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jinfang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Mingwei Yuan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Huabin Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Yuntao Gao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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Shi F, Hai X, Zhu Y, Ma L, Wang L, Yin J, Li X, Yang Z, Yuan M, Xiong H, Gao Y. Ultrasonic assisted extraction of polyphenols from bayberry by deep eutectic supramolecular polymer and its application in bio-active film. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 92:106283. [PMID: 36610241 PMCID: PMC9829923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound and deep eutectic supramolecular polymers (DESP) is a novel combination of green extraction method for phytochemicals. In this study, a new type of green extractant was developed: DESP. It is a derivative of deep eutectic solvent (DES) and was prepared by supramolecular polymer unit β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and organic acid as hydrogen bond donor (HBD). The current work focuses on the use of ultrasonic-assisted (UAE) DESP extraction of polyphenolic compounds (PCs) from bayberry. The experimental results showed that DESP synthesized with β-CD and lactic acid (LA) in a ratio of 1:1 (w/w %) had the best extraction effect. And by using a three-level factor experiment and the response surface method, the predicted TPC content is very close to the actual content (28.85 ± 1.27 mg GAE/g). The DESP extract including PCs were further used as plasticizer for chitosan (CS) to prepare highly active green biofilms (DESP-CS). It is possible to reduce the tedious procedures for separating biologically active substances from DESP. The experiment proved that the prepared films have good mechanical properties, plastic deformation resistance, thermal stability and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Hai
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Yun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Lei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Jinfang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Mingwei Yuan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China
| | - Huabin Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China.
| | - Yuntao Gao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China.
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Zhu B, Jia X, Hai X, Zhang Y, Li Q, Ye J, Zhang Q, Li Q. Screening and Identification of p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid-Degrading Strain ZL22 from Wuyi Tea Continuous Cropping Soil. Microbiology (Reading) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261722100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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7
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Li X, Li L, Liu T, Hai X, Sun B. Leukocytosis induced by tigecycline in two patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Br J Biomed Sci 2021; 78:225-228. [PMID: 33599194 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2021.1885865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - T Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - X Hai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - B Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Liu L, Li F, Dong Z, Dong G, Xu J, Liu W, Wang X, Hai X, Yu K. Plasma fluoroacetic acid concentrations: Symptoms, hematological, and biochemical characteristics in patients with fluoroacetic acid poisoning in the emergency department. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:634-641. [PMID: 31957492 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119897743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroacetic acid (FAcOH) was once a highly toxic rodenticide widely used in the world. In the past, studies on the toxicity of FAcOH have focused on animal experiments. The toxicity of FAcOH to humans and the changes of FAcOH in plasma have not been studied. Therefore, the present study aimed to describe the changes of plasma FAcOH concentrations, hematological, and biochemical characteristics in patients with FAcOH intoxication. According to clinical symptoms, 68 patients from the emergency department were divided into different groups: convulsion group, unconsciousness group, death group, and control groups. Plasma FAcOH concentrations, hematological, and biochemical parameters were investigated. Results demonstrated that patients in the convulsion group and the unconsciousness group had a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the level of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), creatine kinase MB (CKMB), glucose (GLU), and white blood cell count (WBC) and a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in serum potassium compared with the control group, respectively. Moreover, patients in the death group had a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the level of NSE, CKMB, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, GLU, and WBC and a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in serum potassium and total calcium compared with the survival group. The concentrations of FAcOH in plasma in the convulsion group, the unconsciousness group, and the death group were 72.31 ± 42.29, 118.33 ± 55.41, and 163.78 ± 43.32 μg/mL, respectively. These changes and the plasma FAcOH concentrations may increase our understanding of the toxicity of FAcOH to humans and may help doctors to judge the clinical prognosis of patients with FAcOH intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - F Li
- Department of Nephrology, The 962th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Harbin, China
| | - Z Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - G Dong
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - J Xu
- Department of Emergency, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - W Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - X Hai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - K Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Hai X, Mayer C, Tencé S, Miraglia S. Phase transformations in Fe–Cr–Mn alloys for magnetocaloric applications. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen HM, Shi QQ, Wang QL, Hai X. [Medical cultural communication between the Song Dynasty and Goryeo Dynasty]. Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi 2017; 47:73-78. [PMID: 28468107 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0255-7053.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Through the important roles of officials and businessmen as well as the role of bridge of Japan, the medical culture communication between Song Dynasty and Goryeo Dynasty involved many aspects. The Song Dynasty gave medical books to the Goryeo Dynasty which returned some medical books to the Song Dynasty after the inscribing and printing of the medical books. In addition, the phenomena of communication between the two countries are frequent and very common. By the invitation of Goryeo Dynasty, some people of Song dynasty left for Goryeo Dynasty to give medical treatment and to spread the medical knowledge for several times, at the same time, some people from Goryeo Dynasty came to Song Dynasty to study Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Such medical culture communication facilitated and promoted the formation of the medical system and national medicine in Goryeo Dynasty, and enabled the return of some lost medical books in the Song Dynasty from Goryeo Dynasty. More importantly, the medical culture communications between the two countries promoted the influences of TCM in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Chen
- School of Language and Culture, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
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Cheng Y, Lee SC, Ho KF, Chow JC, Watson JG, Louie PKK, Cao JJ, Hai X. Chemically-speciated on-road PM(2.5) motor vehicle emission factors in Hong Kong. Sci Total Environ 2010; 408:1621-7. [PMID: 20036415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PM(2.5) (particle with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5microm) was measured in different microenvironments of Hong Kong (including one urban tunnel, one Hong Kong/Mainland boundary roadside site, two urban roadside sites, and one urban ambient site) in 2003. The concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble ions, and up to 40 elements (Na to U) were determined. The average PM(2.5) mass concentrations were 229+/-90, 129+/-95, 69+/-12, 49+/-18microg m(-3) in the urban tunnel, cross boundary roadside, urban roadside, and urban ambient environments, respectively. Carbonaceous particles (sum of organic material [OM] and EC) were the dominant constituents, on average, accounting for approximately 82% of PM(2.5) emissions in the tunnel, approximately 70% at the three roadside sites, and approximately 48% at the ambient site, respectively. The OC/EC ratios were 0.6+/-0.2 and 0.8+/-0.1 at the tunnel and roadside sites, respectively, suggesting carbonaceous aerosols were mainly from vehicle exhausts. Higher OC/EC ratio (1.9+/-0.7) occurred at the ambient site, indicating contributions from secondary organic aerosols. The PM(2.5) emission factor for on-road diesel-fueled vehicles in the urban area of Hong Kong was 257+/-31mg veh(-1) km(-1), with a composition of approximately 51% EC, approximately 26% OC, and approximately 9% SO(4)(=). The other inorganic ions and elements made up approximately 11% of the total PM(2.5) emissions. OC composed the largest fraction (approximately 51%) in gasoline and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) emissions, followed by EC (approximately 19%). Diesel engines showed higher emission rates than did gasoline and LPG engines for most pollutants, except for V, Br, Sb, and Ba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Li L, Hai X, Tong A. Study on using I- as heavy atom perturber in cyclodextrin-induced room temperature phosphorimetry. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2000; 56A:1513-1521. [PMID: 10907880 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(99)00281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A cyclodextrin induced room temperature phosphorimetry (CD-RTP) for determine beta-NOA, which using I- as a heavy atom perturber (HAP) and sodium sulfite as a deoxygenator, was developed. The phosphorescence peak wavelength maxima lambda(ex)/lambda(em) = 287/496,521 nm. The analytical curve of beta-NOA gives a linear dynamic range of 2.0 x 10(-7)-6.0 x 10(-6) mol/l and a detection limit of 4 x 10(-8) mol/l. The relative standard deviation (RSD; n = 7) was 3.2% for the 4.0 x 10(-6) mol/l beta-NOA in spiked apple samples. The influence of I- concentration on RTP lifetime of beta-NOA was studied in detail, the static Stern-Volmer equation for phosphorescence was derived and the luminescence kinetic parameters were calculated. It is found that the relation between I- concentration (x) and RTP lifetime (tau) can be expressed as tau = 1.047 e(-0.354x) and the rate constants of phosphorescence emission k(p) and non-radiation process k(i) from T1 --> S0 were 0.9551 s(-1) and 0.4276 s(-1) l(-1) mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
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