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Chang TY, Lin MS, Chen CC, Leu YL, Wang SH. Isoxanthohumol reduces neointimal hyperplasia through the apelin/AKT pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167099. [PMID: 38428686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The abnormal proliferation, migration, and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play crucial roles in the development of neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis. Exposure to inflammatory cytokines such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induces the transformation of contractile VSMCs into abnormal synthetic VSMCs. Isoxanthohumol (IXN) has significant anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antimigratory effects. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic impact and regulatory mechanism of IXN in treating neointimal hyperplasia. The present findings indicate that IXN effectively hinders the abnormal proliferation, migration, and inflammation of VSMCs triggered by PDGF or TNF-α. This inhibition is primarily achieved through the modulation of the apelin/AKT or AKT pathway, respectively. In an in vivo model, IXN effectively reduced neointimal hyperplasia in denuded femoral arteries. These results suggest that IXN holds promise as a potential and innovative therapeutic candidate for the treatment of restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Shin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Chen CC, Chen CY, Yeh CT, Liu YT, Leu YL, Chuang WY, Shih YH, Chou LF, Shieh TM, Wang TH. Corylin Attenuates CCl 4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice by Regulating the GAS6/AXL Signaling Pathway in Hepatic Stellate Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16936. [PMID: 38069259 PMCID: PMC10707553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is reversible when treated in its early stages and when liver inflammatory factors are inhibited. Limited studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of corylin, a flavonoid extracted from Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae), on liver fibrosis. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of corylin and investigated its efficacy and mechanism of action in ameliorating liver fibrosis. Corylin significantly inhibited inflammatory responses by inhibiting the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways and the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human THP-1 and mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, corylin inhibited the expression of growth arrest-specific gene 6 in human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the activation of the downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. This inhibited the activation of HSCs and the expression of extracellular matrix proteins, including α-smooth muscle actin and type I collagen. Additionally, corylin induced caspase 9 and caspase 3 activation, which promoted apoptosis in HSCs. Moreover, in vivo experiments confirmed the regulatory effects of corylin on these proteins, and corylin alleviated the symptoms of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. These findings revealed that corylin has anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits HSC activation; thus, it presents as a potential adjuvant in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Chen
- Biobank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Biobank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry and Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Tsen Liu
- Biobank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Biobank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chuang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hwa Shih
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Fang Chou
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Hong Wang
- Biobank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry and Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan;
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3
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Liao HR, Kao YY, Leu YL, Liu FC, Tseng CP. Larixol inhibits fMLP-induced superoxide anion production and chemotaxis by targeting the βγ subunit of Gi-protein of fMLP receptor in human neutrophils. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Lan YH, Chen IH, Lu HH, Guo TJ, Hwang TL, Leu YL. Euphormins A and B, New Pyranocoumarin Derivatives from Euphorbia formosana Hayata, and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061885. [PMID: 35335252 PMCID: PMC8954059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Euphormin-A (1) and euphormin-B (2), two new pyranocoumarin derivatives, and forty known compounds (3–42) were isolated from Euphorbia formosana Hayata (Euphorbiaceae). The chemical structures of all compounds were established based on spectroscopic analyses. Several isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds 1, 2, 10, 18, 25, and 33 significantly inhibited against superoxide anion generation and elastase release by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Furthermore, compounds 25 and 33 displayed the most potent effects with IC50 values of 0.68 ± 0.18 and 1.39 ± 0.12 µM, respectively, against superoxide anion generation when compared with the positive control (2.01 ± 0.06 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-L.L.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 5138) (Y.-H.L.); +886-3-2118800 (ext. 5524) (Y.-L.L.)
| | - I-Hsiao Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, I Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Hung Lu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (T.-J.G.); (T.-L.H.)
| | - Ting-Jing Guo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (T.-J.G.); (T.-L.H.)
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (T.-J.G.); (T.-L.H.)
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Healthy Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (T.-J.G.); (T.-L.H.)
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-L.L.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 5138) (Y.-H.L.); +886-3-2118800 (ext. 5524) (Y.-L.L.)
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5
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Wang TH, Tseng WC, Leu YL, Chen CY, Lee WC, Chi YC, Cheng SF, Lai CY, Kuo CH, Yang SL, Yang SH, Shen JJ, Feng CH, Wu CC, Hwang TL, Wang CJ, Wang SH, Chen CC. The flavonoid corylin exhibits lifespan extension properties in mouse. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1238. [PMID: 35264584 PMCID: PMC8907184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the long history of traditional Chinese medicine, single herbs and complex formulas have been suggested to increase lifespan. However, the identification of single molecules responsible for lifespan extension has been challenging. Here, we collected a list of traditional Chinese medicines with potential longevity properties from pharmacopeias. By utilizing the mother enrichment program, we systematically screened these traditional Chinese medicines and identified a single herb, Psoralea corylifolia, that increases lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Next, twenty-two pure compounds were isolated from Psoralea corylifolia. One of the compounds, corylin, was found to extend the replicative lifespan in yeast by targeting the Gtr1 protein. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, RNA sequencing data showed that corylin ameliorates cellular senescence. We also examined an in vivo mammalian model, and found that corylin extends lifespan in mice fed a high-fat diet. Taken together, these findings suggest that corylin may promote longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Hong Wang
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Lee
- Office of Research and Development, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Chi
- Cryo-EM Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Shu-Fang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sien-Hung Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Jong Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Feng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Wang
- Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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6
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Chang ZY, Liu HM, Leu YL, Hsu CH, Lee TY. Modulation of Gut Microbiota Combined with Upregulation of Intestinal Tight Junction Explains Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Corylin on Colitis-Associated Cancer in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052667. [PMID: 35269806 PMCID: PMC8910903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves chronic inflammation, loss of epithelial integrity, and gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis, resulting in the development of a colon cancer known as colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). In this study, we evaluated the effects of corylin in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The results showed corylin could improved the survival rate and colon length, maintained body weight, and ameliorated the inflammatory response in the colon. Then, we further identified the possible antitumor effects after 30-day treatment of corylin on an azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced CAC mouse model. Biomarkers associated with inflammation, the colon tissue barrier, macrophage polarization (CD11c, CCR7, CD163, and CD206), and microbiota dysbiosis were monitored in the AOM/DSS group versus corylin groups. Corylin downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6) mRNA expression and inflammatory signaling-associated markers (TLR4, MyD88, AP-1, CD11b, and F4/80). In addition, a colon barrier experiment revealed that epithelial cell proliferation of the mucus layer (Lgr5, Cyclin D1, and Olfm4) was downregulated and tight junction proteins (claudin-1 and ZO-1) were upregulated. Furthermore, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio changed with corylin intervention, and the microbial diversity and community richness of the AOM/DSS mice were improved by corylin. The comparative analysis of gut microbiota revealed that Bacteroidetes, Patescibacteria, Candidatus Saccharimonas, Erysipelatoclostridium, and Enterorhabdus were significantly increased but Firmicutes, Turicibacter, Romboutsia, and Blautia decreased after corylin treatment. Altogether, corylin administration showed cancer-ameliorating effects by reducing the risk of colitis-associated colon cancer via regulation of inflammation, carcinogenesis, and compositional change of gut microbiota. Therefore, corylin could be a novel, potential health-protective, natural agent against CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yu Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
| | - Hsuan-Miao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Nature Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-H.H.); (T.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-02-2388-7088 (ext. 3100) (C.-H.H.); +886-03-211-8800 (ext. 3537) (T.-Y.L.)
| | - Tzung-Yan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.H.); (T.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-02-2388-7088 (ext. 3100) (C.-H.H.); +886-03-211-8800 (ext. 3537) (T.-Y.L.)
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7
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Pai JT, Chen XH, Leu YL, Weng MS. Propolin G-Suppressed Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells via Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β-Mediated Snail and HDAC6-Regulated Vimentin Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031672. [PMID: 35163593 PMCID: PMC8835855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer with a poor prognosis. The incidence and mortality rate of TNBC are frequently found in younger women. Due to the absence of a good therapeutic strategy, effective remedies for inhibiting TNBC have been developed for improving the cure rate. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical mechanism to regulate cancer cell motility and invasion. Furthermore, ectopic expression of EMT molecules correlates with the metastasis and poor prognosis of TNBC. Targeting EMT might be a strategy for the therapy and prevention of TNBC. Propolin G, an active c-prenylflavanone in Taiwanese propolis, has been shown to possess anti-cancer activity in many cancers. However, the anti-metastasis activity of propolin G on TNBC is still unclear. The present study showed that the migration and invasion activities of TNBC cells was suppressed by propolin G. Down-regulated expression of Snail and vimentin and up-regulated expression of E-cadherin were dose- and time-dependently observed in propolin G-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Propolin G inhibited Snail and vimentin expressions via the signaling pathways associated with post-translational modification. The activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) by propolin G resulted in increasing GSK-3β interaction with Snail. Consequently, the nuclear localization and stability of Snail was disrupted resulting in promoting the degradation. Propolin G-inhibited Snail expression and the activities of migration and invasion were reversed by GSK-3β inhibitor pretreatment. Meanwhile, the outcomes also revealed that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) activity was dose-dependently suppressed by propolin G. Correspondently, the amounts of acetyl-α-tubulin, a down-stream substrate of HDAC6, were increased. Dissociation of HDAC6/Hsp90 with vimentin leading to increased vimentin acetylation and degradation was perceived in the cells with the addition of propolin G. Moreover, up-regulated expression of acetyl-α-tubulin by propolin G was attenuated by HDAC6 overexpression. On the contrary, down-regulated expression of vimentin, cell migration and invasion by propolin G were overturned by HDAC6 overexpression. Conclusively, restraint cell migration and invasion of TNBC by propolin G were activated by the expression of GSK-3β-suppressed Snail and the interruption of HDAC6-mediated vimentin protein stability. Aiming at EMT, propolin G might be a potential candidate for TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Tung Pai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan City 33004, Taiwan;
| | - Xing-Han Chen
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan;
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City 33342, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shih Weng
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2905-3776; Fax: +886-2-2902-1215
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8
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Cheng WJ, Chiang CC, Lin CY, Chen YL, Leu YL, Sie JY, Chen WL, Hsu CY, Kuo JJ, Hwang TL. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge Water Extract Exhibits Anti-inflammatory Effects in Human Neutrophils and Alleviates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:762829. [PMID: 34955833 PMCID: PMC8707293 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.762829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the primary immune cells in innate immunity, which are related to various inflammatory diseases. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge is a Chinese medicinal herb used to treat various oxidative stress-related inflammatory diseases. However, there are limited studies that elucidate the effects of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge in human neutrophils. In this study, we used isolated human neutrophils activated by various stimulants to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge water extract (AWE). Cell-free assays were used to examine free radicals scavenging capabilities on superoxide anion, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitrogen-centered radicals. Imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation mouse model was used for investigating anti-psoriatic effects. We found that AWE inhibited superoxide anion production, ROS generation, and elastase release in human neutrophils, which exhibiting a direct anti-neutrophil effect. Moreover, AWE exerted a ROS scavenging ability in the 2,2’-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride assay, but not superoxide anion in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay, suggesting that AWE exhibited anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory capabilities by both scavenging ROS and by directly inhibiting neutrophil activation. AWE also reduced CD11b expression and adhesion to endothelial cells in activated human neutrophils. Meanwhile, in mice with psoriasis-like skin inflammation, administration of topical AWE reduced both the affected area and the severity index score. It inhibited neutrophil infiltration, myeloperoxidase release, ROS-induced damage, and skin proliferation. In summary, AWE exhibited direct anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting neutrophil activation and anti-psoriatic effects in mice with IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Therefore, AWE could potentially be a pharmaceutical Chinese herbal medicine to inhibit neutrophilic inflammation for anti-psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chao Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Puxin Fengze Chinese Medicine Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Chen
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yu Sie
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuan Hsu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Jen Kuo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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9
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Yeh CC, Liu HM, Lee MC, Leu YL, Chiang WH, Chang HH, Lee TY. Phytochemical‑rich herbal formula ATG‑125 protects against sucrose‑induced gastrocnemius muscle atrophy by rescuing Akt signaling and improving mitochondrial dysfunction in young adult mice. Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:57. [PMID: 34913071 PMCID: PMC8711025 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant capability of herbal remedies has attracted widespread attention, but their molecular mechanisms in a muscle atrophy model have not been explored. The aim of the present study was to compare the bioactivity of sucrose challenged mice following treatment with ATG‑125. Here, through a combination of transcriptomic and biomedical analysis, herbal formula ATG‑125, a phytochemical‑rich formula, was identified as a protective factor against muscle atrophy in sucrose challenged mice. Gene ontology (GO) identified differentially expressed genes that were primarily enriched in the 'negative regulation of proteolysis', 'cellular amino acid metabolic process', 'lipoprotein particle' and 'cell cycle', all of which were associated with the ATG‑125‑mediated prevention of muscle atrophy, particularly with regard to mitochondrial biogenesis. In skeletal muscle, a set of mitochondrial‑related genes, including angiopoietin‑like 4, nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (Nmrk2), pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4, Asc‑type amino acid transporter 1 and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (Ucp3) were markedly upregulated following ATG‑125 intervention. An increase in Nmrk2 and Ucp3 expression were noted after ATG‑125 treatment, in parallel with upregulation of the 'nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism' pathway, as determined using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis revealed the downregulation of 'complement and coagulation cascades', 'cholesterol metabolism', 'biosynthesis of amino acids' and 'PPAR signaling pathway', which were associated with the downregulation of serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor clade A member (Serpina)3, Serpina1b, Serpina1d, Serpina1e, apolipoprotein (Apo)a1 and Apoa2, all of which were cardiovascular and diabetes‑associated risk factors and were regulated by ATG‑125. In addition, ATG‑125 treatment resulted in downregulated mRNA expression levels of ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2, troponin‑I1, troponin‑C1 and troponin‑T1 in young adult gastrocnemius muscle compared with the sucrose group. Nuclear factor‑κB‑hypoxia inducible factor‑1α‑TGFβ receptor type‑II‑vascular endothelial growth factor staining indicated that ATG‑125 decreased sucrose‑induced chronic inflammation. ATG‑125 was sufficient to prevent muscle atrophy, and this protective effect may be mediated through upregulation of AKT phosphorylation, upregulating the insulin growth factor‑1R‑insulin receptor substrate‑PI3K‑AKT pathway, which in turn resulted in a forkhead box O‑dependent decrease in protein degradation pathways, including regulation of atrogin1 and E3 ubiquitin‑protein ligase TRIM63. Peroxisome‑proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) was decreased in young adult mice challenged with sucrose. ATG‑125 treatment significantly increased PGC1α and significantly increased UCP‑1,2,3 expression levels, which suggested ATG‑125 poised the mitochondria for uncoupling of respiration. This effect is consistent with the increased SIRT1 levels and may explain an increase in mitochondria biogenesis. Taken together, the present study showed that ATG‑125, as an integrator of protein synthesis and degradative pathways, prevented muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chuan Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsuan-Miao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Chung Lee
- Brion Research Institute of Taiwan, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Nature Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Han Chiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Cheng‑Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11283, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzung-Yan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
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10
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Tsai YF, Chen CY, Lin IW, Leu YL, Yang SC, Syu YT, Chen PJ, Hwang TL. Imperatorin Alleviates Psoriasiform Dermatitis by Blocking Neutrophil Respiratory Burst, Adhesion, and Chemotaxis Through Selective Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibition. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:885-903. [PMID: 33107318 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Neutrophil infiltration and increased oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis and severity of psoriasis. Although the therapy of psoriasis remains elusive, targeting treatment to reduce oxidative stress is considered a potential option. Our study demonstrates the anti-inflammatory effects of a natural furocoumarin, imperatorin, on activated human neutrophils and psoriasiform dermatitis in mice. Results: Imperatorin inhibited superoxide anion generation, neutrophil adhesion, and migration in N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (fMLF)-stimulated human neutrophils. Further studies showed that imperatorin induced a decrease in cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity, and increased intracellular cAMP levels and protein kinase A (PKA) activity in human neutrophils. The enzyme activities of PDE4 subtypes, but not PDE3 and PDE7, were inhibited by imperatorin. Furthermore, imperatorin inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), as well as Ca2+ mobilization in fMLF-stimulated neutrophils. These suppressive effects of imperatorin on cell responses and signaling were reversed by PKA inhibitor, suggesting that cAMP/PKA is involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of imperatorin. In vivo studies of imiquimod- and interleukin-23-induced mouse psoriasiform dermatitis demonstrated that imperatorin alleviated skin desquamation, epidermal thickening, keratinocyte hyperproliferation, and neutrophil infiltration. Innovation and Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that imperatorin inhibits human neutrophil respiratory burst, adhesion, and migration through the elevation of cAMP/PKA to inhibit Akt, ERK, JNK, and Ca2+ mobilization. Imperatorin is a natural inhibitor of PDE4A/B/C and may serve as a lead for developing new therapeutics to treat neutrophilic psoriasis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 885-903.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Fong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Syu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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11
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Chen CC, Chen CY, Cheng SF, Shieh TM, Leu YL, Chuang WY, Liu KT, Ueng SH, Shih YH, Chou LF, Wang TH. Hydroxygenkwanin Increases the Sensitivity of Liver Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy by Inhibiting DNA Damage Response in Mouse Xenograft Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189766. [PMID: 34575923 PMCID: PMC8471855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecules involved in DNA damage response (DDR) are often overexpressed in cancer cells, resulting in poor responses to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Although treatment efficacy can be improved with the concomitant use of DNA repair inhibitors, the accompanying side effects can compromise the quality of life of patients. Therefore, in this study, we identified a natural compound that could inhibit DDR, using the single-strand annealing yeast-cell analysis system, and explored its mechanisms of action and potential as a chemotherapy adjuvant in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines using comet assay, flow cytometry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and functional analyses. We developed a mouse model to verify the in vitro findings. We found that hydroxygenkwanin (HGK) inhibited the expression of RAD51 and progression of homologous recombination, thereby suppressing the ability of the HCC cell lines to repair DNA damage and enhancing their sensitivity to doxorubicin. HGK inhibited the phosphorylation of DNA damage checkpoint proteins, leading to apoptosis in the HCC cell lines. In the mouse xenograft model, HGK enhanced the sensitivity of liver cancer cells to doxorubicin without any physiological toxicity. Thus, HGK can inhibit DDR in liver cancer cells and mouse models, making it suitable for use as a chemotherapy adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Yu Chuang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (S.-H.U.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Ting Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 32551, Taiwan
| | - Shir-Hwa Ueng
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (S.-H.U.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hwa Shih
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Fang Chou
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-F.C.); (T.-H.W.)
| | - Tong-Hong Wang
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-F.C.); (T.-H.W.)
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12
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Huang KY, Wang TH, Chen CC, Leu YL, Li HJ, Jhong CL, Chen CY. Growth Suppression in Lung Cancer Cells Harboring EGFR-C797S Mutation by Quercetin. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1271. [PMID: 34572484 PMCID: PMC8470952 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are approved treatments for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring activating EGFR mutations. The EGFR C797S mutation is one of the known acquired-resistance mutations to the latest third-generation TKIs. At present, there are no clear options for treating patients who acquire resistance to third-generation TKIs. The acquisition of the EGFR C797S mutation was shown to upregulate the expression of AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase of the TAM (TYRO3-AXL-MER) family, and the suppression of AXL is effective in reducing the growth of NSCLC cells harboring EGFR C797S. As quercetin was recently shown to inhibit AXL, quercetin may be effective in treating NSCLC cells harboring the EGFR C797S mutation. In this work, the cytotoxic effects of quercetin and its ability to inhibit tumor growth were examined in TKI-resistant NSCLC cells harboring the EGFR C797S mutation. We demonstrated that quercetin exhibited potent cytotoxic effects on NSCLC cells harboring the EGFR C797S mutation by inhibiting AXL and inducing apoptosis. Quercetin inhibited the tumor growth of xenografted NSCLC cells harboring the EGFR C797S mutation and appeared to act synergistically with brigatinib to inhibit of tumor growth in vivo. In summary, herein, we revealed that quercetin is an effective inhibitor for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer harboring the EGFR C797S mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Yen Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Tong-Hong Wang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; (T.-H.W.); (C.-L.J.)
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-L.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-L.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jung Li
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Cai-Ling Jhong
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; (T.-H.W.); (C.-L.J.)
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; (T.-H.W.); (C.-L.J.)
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-L.L.)
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13
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Wang TH, Wu CC, Huang KY, Leu YL, Yang SC, Chen CL, Chen CY. Integrated Omics Analysis of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells Harboring the EGFR C797S Mutation Reveals the Potential of AXL as a Novel Therapeutic Target in TKI-Resistant Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010111. [PMID: 33396393 PMCID: PMC7795510 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 editing technology to introduce the EGFR C797S mutation into an NSCLC cell line harboring EGFR L858R/T790M to establish a cellular model for the investigation of the resistance mechanism associated with the acquired C797S mutation and to explore strategies to battle this type of TKI resistance. Transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes/proteins in the cells harboring the EGFR C797S mutation are associated with elevated expression of AXL. Furthermore, we presented evidence that inhibition of AXL is effective in slowing the growth of NSCLC cells harboring EGFR C797S. Our findings suggest that AXL inhibition could be a second-line or a potential adjuvant treatment for NSCLC harboring the EGFR C797S mutation. Abstract Oncogenic mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are responsive to targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, NSCLC patients harboring activating EGFR mutations inevitably develop resistance to TKIs. The acquired EGFR C797S mutation is a known mechanism that confers resistance to third-generation EGFR TKIs such as AZD9291. In this work, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology to knock-in the EGFR C797S mutation into an NSCLC cell line harboring EGFR L858R/T790M. The established cell model was used to investigate the biology and treatment strategy of acquired EGFR C797S mutations. Transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes/proteins in the cells harboring the EGFR C797S mutation are associated with a mesenchymal-like cell state with elevated expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase. Furthermore, we presented evidence that inhibition of AXL is effective in slowing the growth of NSCLC cells harboring EGFR C797S. Our findings suggest that AXL inhibition could be a second-line or a potential adjuvant treatment for NSCLC harboring the EGFR C797S mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Hong Wang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yen Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (K.-Y.H.); (S.-C.Y.); (C.-L.C.)
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shuenn-Chen Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (K.-Y.H.); (S.-C.Y.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Ci-Ling Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (K.-Y.H.); (S.-C.Y.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-3-2118999; Fax: +886-3-2118866
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Wang TH, Chen CC, Leu YL, Lee YS, Lian JH, Hsieh HL, Chen CY. Palbociclib induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair to induce cellular senescence and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 120:1695-1705. [PMID: 33342707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Palbociclib is an FDA-approved cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor that has been clinically proven to be effective in breast cancer. However, its use in oral cancer is not well researched. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of palbociclib against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and explored the mechanism of inhibition. METHODS The effects of palbociclib on the cytotoxicity of OSCC cells were determined by MTT and colony formation assays. β-Galactosidase staining and cell-cycle analysis were used to determine palbociclib-induced cellular senescence and apoptosis of OSCC cells. Wound healing and transwell assays were performed to assess the effects of palbociclib treatment on migration and invasion ability of OSCC cells. Whole transcriptome sequencing was conducted to show the relationship between DNA damage repair of OSCC cells and palbociclib treatment. Palbociclib-induced DNA damage and repair capacity of OSCC cells were confirmed by comet assay and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Western blotting was used to verify the palbociclib-mediated changes in the CDK/pRB/c-Myc/CDC25A pathway. Finally, in vitro findings were tested in a mouse xenograft model. RESULTS Our results showed that palbociclib can significantly inhibit the growth, migration, and invasive ability of OSCC cells and can accelerate cellular senescence and apoptosis. We found that palbociclib induced DNA damage and p21 expression through the p53-independent pathway, thereby downregulating c-Myc and CDC25A expression to inhibit cell cycle progression. In addition, palbociclib downregulated RAD51 expression to inhibit DNA damage repair ability of OSCC cell. CONCLUSION Palbociclib was found to have anti-oral squamous cell carcinoma activity and to simultaneously induce DNA damage and inhibit its repair, and to accelerated cellular senescence and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Hong Wang
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, 5 De Ming Rd., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Hau Lian
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan.
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15
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Chen CC, Kuo CH, Leu YL, Wang SH. Corylin reduces obesity and insulin resistance and promotes adipose tissue browning through SIRT-1 and β3-AR activation. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105291. [PMID: 33253817 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation or beige adipocytes in white adipocytes (WAT) (browning) is a novel strategy against obesity. Corylin, a flavonoid compound extract from Psoralea corylifolia L., has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-atherosclerotic effects and ameliorate hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. However, the therapeutic effect of corylin on obesity remains unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of corylin on browning or obesity. Here, we report that corylin induced browning by elevating the expression levels of beige- or browning-specific marker genes, including cited1, hoxc9, pgc1α, prdm16, and ucp1, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, WAT and BAT. Moreover, corylin also strikingly reduced body weight and fat accumulation and increased insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial biogenesis, and β-oxidation in HFD- and DIO-treated mice. The browning and lipolysis effects of corylin were abolished by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor (EX527) and β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) antagonist (L-748,337) treatment. The possible molecular mechanism of corylin on the browning and lipolysis of adipocytes is through SIRT1- or β3-AR-dependent pathways. The study suggested that corylin exerts anti-obesity effects through the browning of white adipocytes, activating of BAT and promoting of lipid metabolism. Therefore, corylin may be a helpful therapeutic candidate for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chen CY, Fang JY, Chen CC, Chuang WY, Leu YL, Ueng SH, Wei LS, Cheng SF, Hsueh C, Wang TH. 2-O-Methylmagnolol, a Magnolol Derivative, Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression via Inhibiting Class I Histone Deacetylase Expression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1319. [PMID: 32850418 PMCID: PMC7431949 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnolia officinalis is widely used in Southeast Asian countries for the treatment of fever, headache, diarrhea, and stroke. Magnolol is a phenolic compound extracted from M. officinalis, with proven antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. In this study, we modified magnolol to synthesize a methoxylated derivative, 2-O-methylmagnolol (MM1), and investigated the use of MM1, and magnolol in the treatment of liver cancer. We found that both magnolol and MM1 exhibited inhibitory effects on the growth, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and halted the cell cycle at the G1 phase. MM1 also demonstrated a substantially better tumor-suppressive effect than magnolol. Further analysis suggested that by inhibiting class I histone deacetylase expression in HCC cell lines, magnolol and MM1 induced p21 expression and p53 activation, thereby causing cell cycle arrest and inhibiting HCC cell growth, migration, and invasion. Subsequently, we verified the significant tumor-suppressive effects of magnolol and MM1 in an animal model. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the anti-HCC activities of magnolol and MM1 and their potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chuang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shir-Hwa Ueng
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Shan Wei
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Cheng
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Hong Wang
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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17
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Chen CC, Li HY, Leu YL, Chen YJ, Wang CJ, Wang SH. Corylin Inhibits Vascular Cell Inflammation, Proliferation and Migration and Reduces Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040275. [PMID: 32218307 PMCID: PMC7222202 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex disease that includes several events, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, which result in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Corylin, a flavonoid compound, is known to exhibit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. However, it remains unknown whether corylin could modulate atherogenesis. Here, we identified the anti-inflammatory effect of corylin in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced vascular cells. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), corylin suppressed TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to the HUVECs and transmigration by downregulating the ROS/JNK/nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB) p65 pathway. In VSMCs, corylin inhibited TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion by suppressing ROS production, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and NF-κB p65 translocation. In platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced VSMCs, corylin inhibited PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration through regulating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/dynamin-1-like protein 1 (Drp1) signaling cascade. In addition, corylin treatment not only attenuated atherosclerotic lesions, ROS production, vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VCAM-1) expression, monocyte adhesion and VSMC proliferation in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice but also inhibited neointimal hyperplasia in endothelial-denuded mice. Thus, corylin may be a potential prevention and treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Chia-Jen Wang
- Cell Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 88180); Fax: +886-2-23915292
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18
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Chen CY, Chen CC, Chuang WY, Leu YL, Ueng SH, Hsueh C, Yeh CT, Wang TH. Hydroxygenkwanin Inhibits Class I HDAC Expression and Synergistically Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Sorafenib in Liver Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:216. [PMID: 32158695 PMCID: PMC7052045 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression is closely related to cancer development and progression. Many HDAC inhibitors have been widely used in cancer treatment; however, severe side effects often limit their clinical application. In this study, we attempted to identify natural compounds with HDAC inhibitory activity and low physiological toxicity and explored their feasibility and mechanisms of action in liver cancer treatment. A yeast screening system was used to identify natural compounds with HDAC inhibitory activity. Further, western blotting was used to verify inhibitory effects on HDAC in human liver cancer cell lines. Cell functional analysis was used to explore the effects and mechanisms and the in vitro results were verified in BALB/c nude mice. We found that hydroxygenkwanin (HGK), an extract from Daphne genkwa, inhibited class I HDAC expression, and thereby induced expression of tumor suppressor p21 and promoted acetylation and activation of p53 and p65. This resulted in the inhibition of growth, migration, and invasion of liver cancer cells and promoted cell apoptosis. Animal models revealed that HGK inhibited tumor growth in a synergistic manner with sorafenib. HGK inhibited class I HDAC expression and had low physiological toxicity. It has great potential as an adjuvant for liver cancer treatment and may be used in combination with anticancer drugs like sorafenib to improve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chuang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shir-Hwa Ueng
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Hong Wang
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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19
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Leu YL, Wang TH, Wu CC, Huang KY, Jiang YW, Hsu YC, Chen CY. Hydroxygenkwanin Suppresses Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression by Enhancing EGFR Degradation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040941. [PMID: 32093124 PMCID: PMC7070862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed and mutated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is the major type of lung cancer. The EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the approved treatment for patients harboring activating mutations in the EGFR kinase. However, most of the patients treated with EGFR-TKIs developed resistance. Therefore, the development of compounds exhibiting unique antitumor activities might help to improve the management of NSCLC patients. The total flavonoids from Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc. have been shown to contain antitumor activity. Here, we have isolated a novel flavonoid hydroxygenkwanin (HGK) that displays selective cytotoxic effects on all of the NSCLC cells tested. In this study, we employed NSCLC cells harboring EGFR mutations and xenograft mouse model to examine the antitumor activity of HGK on TKI-resistant NSCLC cells. The results showed that HGK suppressed cancer cell viability both in vitro and in vivo. Whole-transcriptome analysis suggests that EGFR is a potential upstream regulator that is involved in the gene expression changes affected by HGK. In support of this analysis, we presented evidence that HGK reduced the level of EGFR and inhibited several EGFR-downstream signalings. These results suggest that the antitumor activity of HGK against TKI-resistant NSCLC cells acts by enhancing the degradation of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Hong Wang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (T.-H.W.); (Y.-W.J.)
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yen Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Wen Jiang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (T.-H.W.); (Y.-W.J.)
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.H.); (C.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-3-4227151 (Y.-C.H.); +886-3-2118999 (C.-Y.C.); Fax: +886-3-4226062 (Y.-C.H.); +886-3-2118866 (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (T.-H.W.); (Y.-W.J.)
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.H.); (C.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-3-4227151 (Y.-C.H.); +886-3-2118999 (C.-Y.C.); Fax: +886-3-4226062 (Y.-C.H.); +886-3-2118866 (C.-Y.C.)
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20
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Lan YH, Yen CH, Leu YL. Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Euphorbia formosana Hayata and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2019.103967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Chou LF, Chen CY, Yang WH, Chen CC, Chang JL, Leu YL, Liou MJ, Wang TH. Suppression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression through FOXM1 and EMT Inhibition via Hydroxygenkwanin-Induced miR-320a Expression. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010020. [PMID: 31877715 PMCID: PMC7022487 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Daphne genkwa, a Chinese medicinal herb, is used frequently in Southeast Asian countries to treat diseases; the flavonoid hydroxygenkwanin (HGK) is extracted from its flower buds. The bioactivity of HGK, particularly as an anti-liver cancer agent, has not been explored. In this study, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and an animal xenograft model were employed to investigate both the activity of HGK against liver cancer and its cellular signaling mechanisms. HCC cells treated with HGK were subjected to cell function assays. Whole transcriptome sequencing was used to identify genes whose expression was influenced by HGK, and the flavonoid’s cancer suppression mechanisms were further investigated through gain- and loss-of-function assays. Finally, in vitro findings were tested in a mouse xenograft model. The data showed that HGK induced the expression of the microRNA miR-320a, which in turn inhibited the expression of the transcription factor ‘forkhead box protein M1’ (FOXM1) and downstream FOXM1-regulated proteins related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition, thereby leading to the suppression of liver cancer cell growth and invasion. Significant inhibition of tumor growth was also observed in HGK-treated mice. Hence, the present study demonstrated the activity of HGK against liver cancer and validated its potential use as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Chou
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hua Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Hsin-chu 31064, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsin-chu 30015, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan;
| | - Junn-Liang Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Tao-Yuan 32551, Taiwan;
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ming Chuan University, Tao-Yuan 33348, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Miaw-Jene Liou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Tong-Hong Wang
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 5412)
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22
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Wang TH, Leu YL, Chen CC, Shieh TM, Lian JH, Chen CY. Psorachromene Suppresses Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression by Inhibiting Long Non-coding RNA GAS5 Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1168. [PMID: 31750253 PMCID: PMC6848597 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The extract of the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia Linn. (P. corylifolia) have been shown to display anti-tumor activity. However, the prospects of the active compounds from this plant in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. In the present study, the antitumor effects of psorachromene, a flavonoid extracted from the seeds of P. corylifolia, were investigated using cells and animal models of OSCC; the downstream regulatory mechanisms were also elucidated. The results showed that psorachromene significantly repressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness and increased the toxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents against OSCC cells. The repressive effects of psorachromene were attributable to the inhibition of EGFR-Slug signaling, and the induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis in the OSCC cells. Additionally, we found that psorachromene induced the expression of tumor suppressor long non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) and the activation of its downstream anticancer mechanisms. Animal experiments also showed noticeable inhibition of tumor growth, without significant physiological toxicity. The findings indicate that psorachromene displays anti-tumor activity in OSCC, and warrants further investigation as a potential agent for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Hong Wang
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Hau Lian
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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23
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Kuo CH, Leu YL, Wang TH, Tseng WC, Feng CH, Wang SH, Chen CC. A novel DNA repair inhibitor, diallyl disulfide (DADS), impairs DNA resection during DNA double-strand break repair by reducing Sae2 and Exo1 levels. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 82:102690. [PMID: 31479843 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Combining natural products with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may increase the efficacy of cancer treatment. It has been hypothesized that natural products may inhibit DNA repair and sensitize cancer cells to DNA damage-based cancer therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these activities remain unclear. In this study, we found that diallyl disulfide (DADS), an organosulfur compound, increased the sensitivity of yeast cells to DNA damage and has potential for development as an adjuvant drug for DNA damage-based cancer therapy. We induced HO endonuclease to generate a specific DNA double-strand break (DSB) by adding galactose to yeast and used this system to study how DADS affects DNA repair. In this study, we found that DADS inhibited DNA repair in single-strand annealing (SSA) system and sensitized SSA cells to a single DSB. DADS impaired DNA repair by inhibiting the protein levels of the DNA resection-related proteins Sae2 and Exo1. We also found that the recruitment of MRX and the Mec1-Ddc2 complex to a DSB was prevented by DADS. This result suggests that DADS counteracts G2/M DNA damage checkpoint activation in a Mec1 (ATR)- and Tel1 (ATM)-dependent manner. Only by elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which DADS influences DNA repair will we be able to discover new adjuvant drugs to improve chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Hong Wang
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Feng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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24
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Chen CC, Lee TY, Leu YL, Wang SH. Pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in mice. Transl Res 2019; 210:26-42. [PMID: 31121128 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major cause of metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes, and it presents with metabolic disorders, such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a protein isolated from retinal pigment epithelial cells, has multiple functions, including neuronal protection, antineoplastic effects, and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study is to investigate the antiobesity effects of PEDF. The antiobesity effects of PEDF on fat accumulation, inflammation, energy expenditure, insulin resistance, and obesity-related physiological parameters and protein levels were assessed in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice in vivo and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, palmitate (PA)-treated HepG2 cells, and C2C12 myotubes in vitro. In an in vivo assay, PEDF effectively decreased body weight gain, white adipose tissue mass, and inflammation and improved insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia in HFD-induced mice. In liver tissue, PEDF decreased lipid accumulation and fibrosis. In an in vitro assay, PEDF diminished the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We also determined that PEDF promoted lipolysis and prolonged cell cycle progression, through the mTOR-S6K pathway and downstream transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (CEBP-α), and CEBP-β. In addition, PEDF decreased reactive oxygen species production in PA-induced HepG2 cells and improved glucose uptake ability in PA-induced HepG2 cells and C2C12 myotubes. In the present study, PEDF protected against HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in mice, inhibited adipogenesis, and improved insulin resistance. These results provide a new potential treatment for obesity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yau Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Li HN, Wang CY, Wang CL, Chou CH, Leu YL, Chen BY. Antimicrobial Effects and Mechanisms of Ethanol Extracts of Psoralea corylifolia Seeds Against Listeria monocytogenes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:573-580. [PMID: 30994374 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoralea corylifolia seeds contain many bioactive compounds commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, the antibacterial activity and possible mechanism of P. corylifolia seed ethanol extract (PCEE) against foodborne pathogens were investigated. Both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Listeria monocytogenes had similar minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of PCEE at 50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, elevated OD260, protein concentration, and electric conductivity indicated irreversible damage to the cytoplasmic membranes of PCEE-treated cells. Indeed, the treated cells displayed disrupted membranes, incomplete and deformed shapes, and rupture as visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Multidrug-resistance efflux pump gene expression was also analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Although the mdrL, mdrT, and lde genes of L. monocytogenes and the mepA gene of MRSA were upregulated, there was no significant difference that indicated an attempt by the efflux pumps to discharge PCEE. MRSA norA expression and abcA expression were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). A possible mechanism for PCEE may be to cause an energy depletion, either by inhibiting adenosine triphosphate binding or by disturbing the proton gradient, resulting in membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ni Li
- 1Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wang
- 2Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lan Wang
- 1Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Chou
- 1Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- 3Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Yuan Chen
- 4Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Li HY, Leu YL, Wu YC, Wang SH. Melatonin Inhibits in Vitro Smooth Muscle Cell Inflammation and Proliferation and Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:1889-1901. [PMID: 30661353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and proliferation play important roles in atherosclerosis progression. This study aimed to identify the mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of melatonin on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)- and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-treated rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). Melatonin reduced TNF-α-induced RASMC inflammation by decreasing vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) P65 activity by inhibiting P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation ( P < 0.05). Additionally, melatonin inhibited PDGF-BB-induced RASMC proliferation by reducing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation ( P < 0.05) but not migration in vitro. Melatonin also reduced TNF-α- and PDGF-BB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, melatonin treatment (prevention and treatment groups) significantly repressed high cholesterol diet-stimulated atherosclerotic lesions in vivo (19.59 ± 4.11%, 20.28 ± 5.63%, 32.26 ± 12.06%, respectively, P < 0.05). Taken together, the present study demonstrated that melatonin attenuated TNF-α-induced RASMC inflammation and PDGF-BB-induced RASMC proliferation in cells and reduced atherosclerotic lesions in mice. These results showed that melatonin has anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties and may be a novel therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chieh Wu
- Department of Nursing , Ching-Kuo Institute of Management and Health , Keelung , Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
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Chen PJ, Ko IL, Lee CL, Hu HC, Chang FR, Wu YC, Leu YL, Wu CC, Lin CY, Pan CY, Tsai YF, Hwang TL. Targeting allosteric site of AKT by 5,7-dimethoxy-1,4-phenanthrenequinone suppresses neutrophilic inflammation. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:528-540. [PMID: 30709770 PMCID: PMC6413683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe life-threatening inflammatory disease. Neutrophil activation is a major pathogenic factor in ALI. Protein kinase B (PKB)/AKT regulates diverse cellular responses, but the significance in neutrophilic inflammation and ALI remains unknown. METHODS Human neutrophils and neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 (dHL-60) cells were used to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of 5,7-dimethoxy-1,4-phenanthrenequinone (CLLV-1). The therapeutic potential of CLLV-1 was determined in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. FINDINGS CLLV-1 inhibited respiratory burst, degranulation, adhesion, and chemotaxis in human neutrophils and dHL-60 cells. CLLV-1 inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT (Thr308 and Ser473), but not of ERK, JNK, or p38. Furthermore, CLLV-1 blocked AKT activity and covalently reacted with AKT Cys310 in vitro. The AKT309-313 peptide-CLLV-1 adducts were determined by NMR or mass spectrometry assay. The alkylation agent-conjugated AKT (reduced form) level was also inhibited by CLLV-1. Significantly, CLLV-1 ameliorated LPS-induced ALI, neutrophil infiltration, and AKT activation in mice. INTERPRETATION Our results identify CLLV-1 as a covalent allosteric AKT inhibitor by targeting AKT Cys310. CLLV-1 shows potent anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils and LPS-induced mouse ALI. Our findings provide a mechanistic framework for redox modification of AKT that may serve as a novel pharmacological target to alleviate neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jen Chen
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung 433, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Ko
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Lee
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chun Hu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Natural Products & Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Natural Products & Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Natural Products & Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yu Pan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anaesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anaesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan.
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Alalaiwe A, Hung CF, Leu YL, Tahara K, Chen HH, Hu KY, Fang JY. The active compounds derived from Psoralea corylifolia for photochemotherapy against psoriasis-like lesions: The relationship between structure and percutaneous absorption. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 124:114-126. [PMID: 30153523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
8‑Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in combination with ultraviolet A (PUVA) is a photochemotherapy for management of psoriasis. 8-MOP is a natural compound from Psoralea corylifolia. The present work was undertaken to evaluate the percutaneous absorption of five compounds derived from P. corylifolia, and to further explore the inhibitory effect on psoriasis-like lesions generated by imiquimod stimulation in a mouse model. 8-MOP, psoralen, isopsoralen, psoralidin, and bakuchiol were comparatively tested for in vitro skin permeation, keratinocyte apoptosis, and in vivo antipsoriatic potency. The pig ear skin deposition of 8-MOP, isopsoralen, and bakuchiol at an equimolar dose was 0.47, 0.58, and 0.50 nmol/mg, respectively, which was comparable and higher than that of psoralen (0.25 nmol/mg) and psoralidin (0.14 nmol/mg). Psoralidin and bakuchiol were absorbed into the skin without further penetration across the skin. Besides experimental data of physicochemical properties, the hydrogen bond number, total polarity surface, and stratum corneum lipid docking calculated could explain the correlation of the penetrant structure with the skin permeability. The antiproliferative activity against keratinocytes was stronger for 8-MOP and isopsoralen than the others. Topical application of PUVA by using 8-MOP and isopsoralen on imiquimod-induced plaque significantly reduced transepidermal water loss from 55 to 33 and 38 g/m2/h, respectively. The epidermal thickening elicited by imiquimod (117 μm) was decreased to 62 and 26 μm by 8-MOP and isopsoralen application. IL-6 expression in psoriasiform skin was downregulated by isopsoralen but not 8-MOP. Isopsoralen may be a potential candidate for PUVA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kohei Tahara
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hi-Han Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yin Hu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Chen SG, Leu YL, Cheng ML, Ting SC, Liu CC, Wang SD, Yang CH, Hung CY, Sakurai H, Chen KH, Ho HY. Anti-enterovirus 71 activities of Melissa officinalis extract and its biologically active constituent rosmarinic acid. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12264. [PMID: 28947773 PMCID: PMC5613005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection is endemic in the Asia-Pacific region. No specific antiviral drug has been available to treat EV71 infection. Melissa officinalis (MO) is a medicinal plant with long history of usage in the European and Middle East. We investigated whether an aqueous solution of concentrated methanolic extract (MOM) possesses antiviral activity. MOM inhibited plaque formation, cytopathic effect, and viral protein synthesis in EV71-infected cells. Using spectral techniques, we identified rosmarinic acid (RA) as a biologically active constituent of MOM. RA reduced viral attachment and entry; cleavage of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 G (eIF4G); reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation; and translocation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) from nucleus to cytoplasm. It alleviated EV71-induced hyperphosphorylation of p38 kinase and EPS15. RA is likely to suppress ROS-mediated p38 kinase activation, and such downstream molecular events as hnRNP A1 translocation and EPS15-regulated membrane trafficking in EV71-infected cells. These findings suggest that MO and its constituent RA possess anti-EV71 activities, and may serve as a candidate drug for therapeutic and prophylactic uses against EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Guang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Phenome Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Siew Chin Ting
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shulhn-Der Wang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Hung
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yao Ho
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Clinical Phenome Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Wu TR, Huang TT, Martel J, Liau JC, Chiu CY, Leu YL, Jian WT, Chang IT, Lu CC, Ojcius DM, Ko YF, Lai HC, Young JD. Pinicolol B from Antrodia cinnamomea induces apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 201:117-122. [PMID: 28167294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The medicinal mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea possesses anticancer properties but the active compounds responsible for these effects are mostly unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to identify novel A. cinnamomea compounds that produce cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using ethanol extraction and chromatography, we isolated the lanostanoid compound lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3β,15α,21-triol (1) from cultured A. cinnamomea mycelium. Cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic effects of compound 1 were evaluated using the MTS assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. RESULTS Compound 1 produced cytotoxic effects on the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines TW02 and TW04, with IC50 values of 63.3 and 115.0μM, respectively. On the other hand, no cytotoxic effects were observed on non-tumorigenic nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NP69). In addition, compound 1 induced apoptosis in TW02 and TW04 cells as revealed by flow cytometry analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate for the first time the presence of pinicolol B in A. cinnamomea mycelium and suggest that this compound may contribute to the anticancer effects of A. cinnamomea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ru Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Teng Huang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | | | - Chen-Yaw Chiu
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Jian
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei 10508, Taiwan
| | - I-Te Chang
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei 10508, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - David M Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA 94103, United States
| | - Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei 10508, Taiwan; Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry and Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan.
| | - John D Young
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei 10508, Taiwan; Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, United States.
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Chen CC, Liang CJ, Leu YL, Chen YL, Wang SH. Viscolin Inhibits In Vitro Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration and Neointimal Hyperplasia In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168092. [PMID: 27977759 PMCID: PMC5158191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscolin, an extract of Viscum coloratum, has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties against harmful stimuli. The aim of the study was to examine the anti-proliferative effects of viscolin on platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF)-treated human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and identify the underlying mechanism responsible for these effects. Viscolin reduced the PDGF-BB-induced HASMC proliferation and migration in vitro; it also arrested HASMCs in the G0/G1 phase by decreasing the protein expression of Cyclin D1, CDK2, Cyclin E, CDK4, and p21Cip1 as detected by Western blot analysis. These effects may be mediated by reduced PDGF-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and P38, but not AKT as well as inhibition of PDGF-mediated nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and activator protein 1 (AP-1)/c-fos activation. Furthermore, viscolin pre-treatment significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia of an endothelial-denuded femoral artery in vivo. Taken together, viscolin attenuated PDGF–BB-induced HASMC proliferation in vitro and reduced neointimal hyperplasia in vivo. Thus, viscolin may represent a therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of vascular proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Jung Liang
- Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research (CLGR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences (CLB), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Hsieh YJ, Huang HS, Leu YL, Peng KC, Chang CJ, Chang MY. Anticancer activity of Kalanchoe tubiflora extract against human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:1663-1673. [PMID: 26179408 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell proliferation is a common feature of human cancer. Some of herbal extract or plant-derived medicine had been shown as an important source of effective anticancer agents. We previously reported that an n-BuOH-soluble fraction of Kalanchoe tubiflora has antiproliferative activity by inducing mitotic catastrophe. In this study, we showed that the H2 O-soluble fraction of Kalanchoe tubiflora (KT-W) caused cell cycle arrest, and senescence-inducing activities in A549 cells. We used 2 dimensional PAGE to analyze the protein expression levels after KT-W treatment, and identified that the energy metabolism-related proteins and senescence-related proteins were disturbed. In vivo experiments showed that the tumor growths in A549-xenografted nude mice were effectively inhibited by KT-W. Our findings implied that KT-W is a putative antitumor agent by inducing cell cycle arrest and senescence. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1663-1673, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jen Hsieh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Shun Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate institute of Natural Products, Healthy Aging Research Center College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Cheng Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jui Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ya Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Tsai YF, Yu HP, Chung PJ, Leu YL, Kuo LM, Chen CY, Hwang TL. Osthol attenuates neutrophilic oxidative stress and hemorrhagic shock-induced lung injury via inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:387-400. [PMID: 26432981 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by neutrophils is an important pathogenic factor in trauma/hemorrhagic (T/H)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Osthol, a natural coumarin found in traditional medicinal plants, has therapeutic potential in various diseases. However, the pharmacological effects of osthol in human neutrophils and its molecular mechanism of action remain elusive. In this study, our data showed that osthol potently inhibited the production of superoxide anion (O2(•-)) and reactive oxidants derived therefrom as well as expression of CD11b in N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP)-activated human neutrophils. However, osthol inhibited neutrophil degranulation only slightly and it failed to inhibit the activity of subcellular NADPH oxidase. FMLP-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (Akt) was inhibited by osthol. Notably, osthol increased the cAMP concentration and protein kinase A (PKA) activity in activated neutrophils. PKA inhibitors reversed the inhibitory effects of osthol, suggesting that these are mediated through cAMP/PKA-dependent inhibition of ERK and Akt activation. Furthermore, the activity of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4, but not PDE3 or PDE7, was significantly reduced by osthol. In addition, osthol reduced myeloperoxidase activity and pulmonary edema in rats subjected to T/H shock. In conclusion, our data suggest that osthol has effective anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils through the suppression of PDE4 and protects significantly against T/H shock-induced ALI in rats. Osthol may have potential for future clinical application as a novel adjunct therapy to treat lung inflammation caused by adverse circulatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Fong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chung
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Mou Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Cosmetic Science and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Liu YY, Zeng SY, Leu YL, Tsai TY. Antihypertensive Effect of a Combination of Uracil and Glycerol Derived from Lactobacillus plantarum Strain TWK10-Fermented Soy Milk. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:7333-7342. [PMID: 26266546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) could be inhibited by soy milk that had been fermented with the Lactobacillus plantarum strain TWK10, suggesting great potential for the development of antihypertensive products. In this work, the bioactive ACE inhibitors in TWK10-fermented soy milk water extracts were isolated, and a combination of uracil and glycerol (CUG) was identified as one of the ACE inhibitors. We then examined the physiological effects of CUG treatment in short-term and long-term studies using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) as an experimental model. The results revealed that the fermented soy milk extracts and CUG decreased blood pressure by 11.97 ± 3.71 to 19.54 ± 9.54 mmHg, 8 h after oral administration, and exhibited antihypertensive effects in SHRs in a long-term study. In addition, CUG was shown to decrease blood pressure by suppressing either the renin activity or the ACE activity and, thus, decreasing the downstream vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin II and the hormone aldosterone. CUG also promoted nitric oxide production, resulting in vasodilation and further improvement to hypertension. This important finding suggests that TWK10-fermented soy milk and its functional ingredients, uracil and glycerol, exhibit antihypertensive effects via multiple pathways and provide a healthier and more natural antihypertensive functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yen Liu
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Zeng
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Tsai
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Pan TL, Wang PW, Aljuffali IA, Leu YL, Hung YY, Fang JY. Corrigendum to “Coumarin derivatives, but not coumarin itself, cause skin irritation via topical delivery”. Toxicology letters 226(2014) 173–181. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Liu YK, Chen KH, Leu YL, Way TD, Wang LW, Chen YJ, Liu YM. Ethanol extracts of Cinnamomum kanehirai Hayata leaves induce apoptosis in human hepatoma cell through caspase-3 cascade. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 8:99-109. [PMID: 25678797 PMCID: PMC4317145 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s68765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing apoptosis to susceptible cells is the major mechanism of most cytotoxic anticancer drugs in current use. Cinnamomum kanehirai Hayata (Lauraceae), a unique and native tree of Taiwan, is the major host for the medicinal fungus Antrodia cinnamomea which exhibits anti-cancer activity. Because of the scarcity of A. cinnamomea, C. kanehirai Hayata instead, is used as fork medicine in liver cancer. Here we observed the C. kanehirai Hayata ethanol extract could inhibit the cellular viability of both HepG2 and HA22T/VGH human hepatoma cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We found the mode of cell death was apoptosis according to cell morphological changes by Liu’s stain, oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation by gel electrophoresis, externalization of phosphotidyl serine by detecting Annexin V and hypoploid population by cell cycle analysis. Our results showed that the extracts caused cleavage of caspase-3 and increased enzyme activity of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Caspase 3 inhibitor partially reversed the viability inhibition by the extract. Furthermore, the up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 were also noted by the extract treatment. In conclusion, C. kanehirai Hayata ethanol extract induced intrinsic pathway of apoptosis through caspase-3 cascade in human hepatoma HA22T/VGH and HepG2 cells, which might shed new light on hepatoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kuo Liu
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Wei Wang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ; National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Liu
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ; National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan ; School of Medicine, Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lu YC, Luo PC, Huang CW, Leu YL, Wang TH, Wei KC, Wang HE, Ma YH. Augmented cellular uptake of nanoparticles using tea catechins: effect of surface modification on nanoparticle-cell interaction. Nanoscale 2014; 6:10297-10306. [PMID: 25069428 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles may serve as carriers in targeted therapeutics; interaction of the nanoparticles with a biological system may determine their targeting effects and therapeutic efficacy. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major component of tea catechins, has been conjugated with nanoparticles and tested as an anticancer agent. We investigated whether EGCG may enhance nanoparticle uptake by tumor cells. Cellular uptake of a dextran-coated magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) was determined by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry or a potassium thiocyanate colorimetric method. We demonstrated that EGCG greatly enhanced interaction and/or internalization of MNPs (with or without polyethylene glycol) by glioma cells, but not vascular endothelial cells. The enhancing effects are both time- and concentration-dependent. Such effects may be induced by a simple mix of MNPs with EGCG at a concentration as low as 1-3 μM, which increased MNP uptake 2- to 7-fold. In addition, application of magnetic force further potentiated MNP uptake, suggesting a synergetic effect of EGCG and magnetic force. Because the effects of EGCG were preserved at 4 °C, but not when EGCG was removed from the culture medium prior to addition of MNPs, a direct interaction of EGCG and MNPs was implicated. Use of an MNP-EGCG composite produced by adsorption of EGCG and magnetic separation also led to an enhanced uptake. The results reveal a novel interaction of a food component and nanocarrier system, which may be potentially amenable to magnetofection, cell labeling/tracing, and targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kuei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Pan TL, Wang PW, Aljuffali IA, Leu YL, Hung YY, Fang JY. Coumarin derivatives, but not coumarin itself, cause skin irritation via topical delivery. Toxicol Lett 2014; 226:173-81. [PMID: 24561300 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coumarin and its derivatives are widely employed as a fragrance in cosmetics and skin care products. The skin absorption level and possible disruption to the skin by topical application of coumarins were evaluated in this study. Percutaneous absorption of osthole, daphnoretin, coumarin, byakangelicin, and 7-hydroxycoumarin was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Skin physiology measurements and immunoblotting were utilized as methodologies for validating toxicity. The relationship between structures and permeation/toxicity of coumarins was elucidated. Both equimolar concentration and saturated solubility in 30% ethanol were used as the applied dose. Osthole with the most lipophilic characteristic demonstrated the greatest skin accumulation, followed by coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin. Coumarin was the permeant with the highest flux across the skin. The trend of in vivo deposition was consistent with that of the in vitro profiles. Skin uptake of osthole was 8-fold higher than that of coumarin. Hair follicles played a significant role as a pathway for transport of coumarin according to the examination of follicular accumulation. Osthole and 7-hydroxycoumarin slightly, but significantly, enhanced transepidermal water loss after a consecutive 5-day administration. The immunoblotting profiling verified the role of proliferation in skin damage induced by osthole, byakangelicin, and 7-hydroxycoumarin. The proliferation-related proteins examined in this work included glucose-regulated proteins, cytokeratin, and C-myc. Daphnoretin and coumarin showed a negligible alteration on protein biomarkers. The experimental results suggested that skin irritation caused by coumarins was mainly derived from the analogs but not from coumarin itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ibrahim A Aljuffali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Natural Products Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yun Hung
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Chiang YR, Li A, Leu YL, Fang JY, Lin YK. An in vitro study of the antimicrobial effects of indigo naturalis prepared from Strobilanthes formosanus Moore. Molecules 2013; 18:14381-96. [PMID: 24284490 PMCID: PMC6270593 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181114381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigo naturalis is effective in treating nail psoriasis coexisting with microorganism infections. This study examines the antimicrobial effects of indigo naturalis prepared from Strobilanthes formosanus Moore. Eight bacterial and seven fungal strains were assayed using the agar diffusion method to examine the effects of indigo naturalis and its bioactive compounds. The bioactive compounds of indigo naturalis were purified sequentially using GFC, TLC, and HPLC. Their structures were identified using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. UPLC-MS/MS was applied to compare the metabolome profiles of indigo naturalis ethyl-acetate (EA) extract and its source plant, Strobilanthes formosanus Moore. The results of in vitro antimicrobial assays showed that indigo naturalis EA-extract significantly (≥1 mg/disc) inhibits Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermis and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)) and mildly inhibits non-dermatophytic onychomycosis pathogens (Aspergillus fumigates and Candida albicans), but has little effect on dermatophyes. Isatin and tryptanthrin were identified as the bioactive compounds of indigo naturalis using S. aureus and S. epidermis as the bioassay model. Both bioactive ingredients had no effect on all tested fungi. In summary, indigo naturalis prepared from Strobilanthesformosanus Moore exhibits antimicrobial effects on Staphylococcus and non-dermatophytic onychomycosis pathogens. Tryptanthrin and isatin may be its major bioactive ingredients against Staphylococcus and the inhibitory effect on MRSA may be due to other unidentified ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ru Chiang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Ann Li
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; E-Mails: (A.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; E-Mails: (A.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yin-Ku Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 303, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-2-2431-3131 (ext. 2777); Fax: +886-2-2546-2083
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Wu TS, Leu YL, Kuoh CS, Jiang SD, Chen CF, Lee KH. Cytotoxic Principles fromSaussurea LappaandCorydalis Turtshaninovii f. Yanhusuo. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199700053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wu TS, Leu YL, Chan YY. Aristolochic Acids as a Defensive Substance for the Aristolochiaceous Plant-Feeding Swallowtail Butterfly,Pachliopta aristolochiae interpositus. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pan TL, Wu TH, Wang PW, Leu YL, Sintupisut N, Huang CH, Chang FR, Wu YC. Functional proteomics reveals the protective effects of saffron ethanolic extract on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Proteomics 2013; 13:2297-2311. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ho Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Veterans General Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | | | - Chun-Hsun Huang
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- Natural Medicinal Products Research Center and Center for Molecular Medicine; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
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Lin YK, Chen HW, Leu YL, Yang YL, Fang Y, Su Pang JH, Hwang TL. Corrigendum to “Indigo naturalis upregulates claudin-1 expression in human keratinocytes and psoriatic lesions”. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2013; 147:546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
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Wang PH, Leu YL, Ismail W, Tang SL, Tsai CY, Chen HJ, Kao AT, Chiang YR. Anaerobic and aerobic cleavage of the steroid core ring structure by Steroidobacter denitrificans. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1493-504. [PMID: 23458847 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m034223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aerobic degradation of steroids by bacteria has been studied in some detail. In contrast, only little is known about the anaerobic steroid catabolism. Steroidobacter denitrificans can utilize testosterone under both oxic and anoxic conditions. By conducting metabolomic investigations, we demonstrated that S. denitrificans adopts the 9,10-seco-pathway to degrade testosterone under oxic conditions. This pathway depends on the use of oxygenases for oxygenolytic ring fission. Conversely, the detected degradation intermediates under anoxic conditions suggest a novel, oxygenase-independent testosterone catabolic pathway, the 2,3-seco-pathway, which differs significantly from the aerobic route. In this anaerobic pathway, testosterone is first transformed to 1-dehydrotestosterone, which is then reduced to produce 1-testosterone followed by water addition to the C-1/C-2 double bond of 1-testosterone. Subsequently, the C-1 hydroxyl group is oxidized to produce 17-hydroxy-androstan-1,3-dione. The A-ring of this compound is cleaved by hydrolysis as evidenced by H2(18)O-incorporation experiments. Regardless of the growth conditions, testosterone is initially transformed to 1-dehydrotestosterone. This intermediate is a divergence point at which the downstream degradation pathway is governed by oxygen availability. Our results shed light into the previously unknown cleavage of the sterane ring structure without oxygen. We show that, under anoxic conditions, the microbial cleavage of steroidal core ring system begins at the A-ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsiang Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chan HH, Hwang TL, Thang TD, Leu YL, Kuo PC, Nguyet BTM, Dai DN, Wu TS. Isolation and synthesis of melodamide A, a new anti-inflammatory phenolic amide from the leaves of Melodorum fruticosum. Planta Med 2013; 79:288-294. [PMID: 23345166 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1328131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Together with twelve known compounds (2-13), melodamide A (1), a new phenolic amide possessing p-quinol moiety, was purified and characterized from the methanolic extracts of the leaves of Melodorum fruticosum. The structure of melodamide A (1) was established with a combination of 2D NMR experiments, HR-ESI-MS and X-ray analyses. The other known compounds were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic and physical data with those reported in the literature. Moreover, some isolated compounds were examined for their inhibitory activity towards superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils. Among the tested compounds, 1, 3, and 5 exhibited strong inhibition of superoxide anion generation with IC50 values ranging from 5.25 to 8.65 µM. Furthermore, synthesis and biological evaluation of melodamide A (1) and its analogs (14a-p) were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Hui Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hsieh YJ, Chang CJ, Wan CF, Chen CP, Chiu YH, Leu YL, Peng KC. Euphorbia formosana root extract induces apoptosis by caspase-dependent cell death via Fas and mitochondrial pathway in THP-1 human leukemic cells. Molecules 2013; 18:1949-62. [PMID: 23377135 PMCID: PMC6270470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18021949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a very rare type of cancer, generally affects patients over 50 years old. While clinical drugs to treat advanced stages of AML exist, the disease becomes increasingly resistant to therapies. Euphorbiaformosana Hayata (EF) is a native Taiwanese medicinal plant used to treat rheumatism, liver cirrhosis, herpes zoster, scabies, and photoaging, along with tumor suppression. However, the mechanisms by which it suppresses tumors have not been explored. Here, we provide molecular evidence that a hot-water extract of Euphorbiaformosana (EFW) selectively inhibited the growth of human leukemic cancer cells more than other solid human cancer cell lines. Most importantly, the plant extract had limited toxicity toward healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). After THP-1 leukemic cells were treated with 50–100 µg/mL EFW for one day, the S phase DNA content of the cells increased, while treatment with 200–400 µg/mL caused the cells to accumulate in the G0/G1 phase. Notably, EFW did not affect A-549 lung cancer cells. The effectiveness of EFW against THP-1 cells may be through caspase-dependent apoptosis in leukemic cells, which is mediated through the Fas and mitochondrial pathways. The potent antileukemic activity of EFW in vitro warrants further investigation of this plant to treat leukemias and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jen Hsieh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jui Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Feng Wan
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Piao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Chiu
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary’s Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Yi-Lan 26644, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-L.L.); (K.-C.P.); Tel.: +886-3211-8800 (ext.5524) (Y.-L.L.); Fax: +886-3211-8236 (Y.-L.L.); Tel.: +886-3863-3635 (K.-C.P.); Fax: +886-3863-3630 (K.-C.P.)
| | - Kou-Cheng Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-L.L.); (K.-C.P.); Tel.: +886-3211-8800 (ext.5524) (Y.-L.L.); Fax: +886-3211-8236 (Y.-L.L.); Tel.: +886-3863-3635 (K.-C.P.); Fax: +886-3863-3630 (K.-C.P.)
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Lin YK, Chen HW, Leu YL, Yang YL, Fang Y, Su Pang JH, Hwang TL. Indigo naturalis upregulates claudin-1 expression in human keratinocytes and psoriatic lesions. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 145:614-620. [PMID: 23220199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Indigo naturalis is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various dermatoses. Our previous clinical studies showed that indigo naturalis is an effective treatment for psoriasis. Herein, the capabilities of indigo naturalis extract and its derivatives to increase claudin-1 expression and tight junction (TJ) function in human keratinocytes and psoriatic lesions were further studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Claudin-1 expression in psoriatic plaques with or without indigo naturalis treatment was analyzed by immunohistochemical methods. In primary human keratinocytes, the expression of claudin-1 was analyzed by fluorescent immunostaining, a real-time RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. The effect of indigo naturalis on TJs was evaluated by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and paracellular tracer flux. RESULTS The indigo naturalis extract upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of claudin-1 and function of TJs in primary human keratinocytes in concentration-dependent manners. Its main components, indirubin, indigo, and tryptanthrin, exerted synergistic effects on upregulating TJ functions in primary human keratinocytes. In addition, indigo naturalis increased the activity of protein kinase C (PKC), and a known potent PKC inhibitor, Ro318220, attenuated the indigo naturalis-induced claudin-1 expression. Significantly, restoration of claudin-1 was observed in healed psoriatic lesions after indigo naturalis treatment. CONCLUSIONS Indigo naturalis upregulates claudin-1 expression and restores TJ function in keratinocytes. Our data also suggest that indirubin, indigo, and tryptanthrin have a synergistic effect on TJ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ku Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
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