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Min SE, Gu EY, Jung J, Back SM, Kim W, Min BS, Kim YB, Han KH. Evaluating the toxicity of the roots of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum extracted using the decoction method: Genotoxicity, single-dose toxicity, and 13-week repeated-dose toxicity studies. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 325:117783. [PMID: 38246480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The roots of Asarum heterotropoides F. Maekawa var. mandshuricum F. Maekawa (AR) is a traditional herbal medicine used across Asia, including Korea, China, and Japan. AR exhibits a range of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, cold treatment, and anti-nociceptive effects. Various extraction methods, including decoction, which utilizes traditional knowledge and techniques. The AR decoction extract expected to contain fewer toxicants and have reduced toxicity due to the use of hot water in the extraction process. However, scientific evidence on the toxicity of AR decoction extracts is lacking, necessitating further studies for safe usage. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity and toxicity of single and repeated administration of AR decoction extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The genotoxicity was assessed using a bacterial reverse mutation (Ames test), an in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test (CA test), and an in vivo micronucleus test (MN test) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The general toxicity was evaluated through single-dose and 13-week repeated-dose toxicity studies. In the single-dose toxicity study, 40 SD rats were orally administered AR decoction extract at doses of 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg. In the 13-week repeated-dose toxicity study, 140 SD rats received daily oral doses of 0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg of AR decoction extract. RESULTS The genotoxicity tests revealed that AR decoction extract was not genotoxic. The single-dose toxicity study showed no changes in body weight, clinical pathology, or macroscopic findings, with the approximate lethal dose (ALD) exceeding 5000 mg/kg. The 13-week repeated-dose toxicity study demonstrated no treatment-related changes in body weight, general symptoms, hematology, clinical chemistry, or urinalysis. Histopathological findings revealed hyperplasia of squamous cells in the forestomach after AR decoction extract administration, a treatment-related effect that resolved during the recovery period. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for both male and female rats was estimated to be 2000 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes the non-toxic dose of AR decoction extract, providing a foundation for further non-clinical and clinical evaluations AR safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Eui Min
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, Korea National University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Young Gu
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jina Jung
- Carbon Neutrality & Chemical Regulatory Compliance Division, Korea Testing & Research Institute, 98, Gyoyukwon-ro, Gwacheon-si, Gyeonggido, 13810, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seng-Min Back
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, Korea National University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Park SJ, Park H, Back SM, Lee YJ, Seo JW, Kim D, Lee JH, Kwak C, Han KH, Son HY, Kim YB. Genotoxicity and safety pharmacology of the rVSVInd(GML)-mspSGtc vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Sprague-Dawley rats and Beagle dogs. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03746-x. [PMID: 38607375 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to a pandemic, prompting rapid vaccine development. Although vaccines are effective, the occurrence of rare adverse events following vaccination highlights the necessity of determining whether the benefits outweigh the risks posed by the infection itself. The recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (rVSV) platform is a promising vector for vaccines against emerging viruses. However, limited studies have evaluated the genotoxicity and safety pharmacology of this viral vector vaccine, which is crucial to ensure the safety of vaccines developed using this platform. Hence, the present study aimed to assess the genotoxicity and safety pharmacology of the rVSVInd(GML)-mspSGtc COVID-19 vaccine using micronucleus and comet assays, as well as neurobehavioral, body temperature, respiratory, and cardiovascular assessments in Sprague-Dawley rats and beagle dogs. The intramuscular administration of rVSVInd(GML)-mspSGtc at doses up to 1.5 × 109 PFU/animal did not increase the number of bone marrow micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes or cause liver DNA damage. Additionally, it had no significant impact on neurobehavioral functions in rats and showed marginal temporary changes in body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, and electrocardiogram parameters in rats and dogs, all of which resolved within 24 h. Overall, following genotoxicity and pharmacological safety assessments, rVSVInd(GML)-mspSGtc displayed no notable systemic adverse effects in rats and dogs, suggesting its potential as a vaccine candidate for human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Jin Park
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseon Park
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seng-Min Back
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Wook Seo
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabi Kim
- Sumagen Co., Ltd, 4F Dongwon Building, Teheran-Ro 77-Gil, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwa Lee
- Sumagen Co., Ltd, 4F Dongwon Building, Teheran-Ro 77-Gil, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06159, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Kwak
- Sumagen Co., Ltd, 4F Dongwon Building, Teheran-Ro 77-Gil, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06159, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34131, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Ko MY, Park H, Chon SH, Kim YB, Cha SW, Lee BS, Hyun SA, Ka M. Differential regulations of neural activity and survival in primary cortical neurons by PFOA or PFHpA. Chemosphere 2024; 352:141379. [PMID: 38316277 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), organofluoride compounds comprising carbon-fluorine and carbon-carbon bonds, are used as water and oil repellents in textiles and pharmaceutical tablets; however, they are associated with potential neurotoxic effects. Moreover, the impact of PFCs on neuronal survival, activity, and regulation within the brain remains unclear. Additionally, the mechanisms through which PFCs induce neuronal toxicity are not well-understood because of the paucity of data. This study elucidates that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) exert differential effects on the survival and activity of primary cortical neurons. Although PFOA triggers apoptosis in cortical neurons, PFHpA does not exhibit this effect. Instead, PFHpA modifies dendritic spine morphogenesis and synapse formation in primary cortical neuronal cultures, additionally enhancing neural activity and synaptic transmission. This research uncovers a novel mechanism through which PFCs (PFHpA and PFOA) cause distinct alterations in dendritic spine morphogenesis and synaptic activity, shedding light on the molecular basis for the atypical behaviors noted following PFC exposure. Understanding the distinct effects of PFHpA and PFOA could guide regulatory policies on PFC usage and inform clinical approaches to mitigate their neurotoxic effects, especially in vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Yi Ko
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Park
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Collage of Veterinary of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Chon
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Woo Cha
- Department of Nonclinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Ae Hyun
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minhan Ka
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Baek EB, Lee J, Hwang JH, Park H, Lee BS, Kim YB, Jun SY, Her J, Son HY, Cho JW. Application of multiple-finding segmentation utilizing Mask R-CNN-based deep learning in a rat model of drug-induced liver injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17555. [PMID: 37845356 PMCID: PMC10579263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) presents significant diagnostic challenges, and recently artificial intelligence-based deep learning technology has been used to predict various hepatic findings. In this study, we trained a set of Mask R-CNN-based deep algorithms to learn and quantify typical toxicant induced-histopathological lesions, portal area, and connective tissue in Sprague Dawley rats. We compared a set of single-finding models (SFMs) and a combined multiple-finding model (MFM) for their ability to simultaneously detect, classify, and quantify multiple hepatic findings on rat liver slide images. All of the SFMs yielded mean average precision (mAP) values above 85%, suggesting that the models had been successfully established. The MFM showed better performance than the SFMs, with a total mAP value of 92.46%. We compared the model predictions for slide images with ground-truth annotations generated by an accredited pathologist. For the MFM, the overall and individual finding predictions were highly correlated with the annotated areas, with R-squared values of 0.852, 0.952, 0.999, 0.990, and 0.958 being obtained for portal area, infiltration, necrosis, vacuolation, and connective tissue (including fibrosis), respectively. Our results indicate that the proposed MFM could be a useful tool for detecting and predicting multiple hepatic findings in basic non-clinical study settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bok Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeku Lee
- Research and Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Hwang
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Park
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Jun
- Research and Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Her
- Research and Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Park H, Jang MS, Choi JA, Kim W, Kim YB, Kim NH, Choi E, Son HY, Han KH. Nonclinical safety assessment and immunogenicity of rVSVInd(GML)-mspSGtc vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 in rabbits. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)01178-7. [PMID: 37821316 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide health, economic, and societal consequences of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic have been devastating. The primary strategy to prevent new infectious diseases is to vaccinate the majority of people worldwide. However, the significant hurdles that are faced include vaccine safety concerns and vaccine reluctance. Among the various types of vaccines, the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) is a promising candidate owing to its safety and efficacy. Therefore, we investigated the toxicity, immunogenicity, and local tolerance of the rVSVInd(GML)-mspSGtc vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were administered single or three repeated intramuscular injections of rVSVInd(GML)-mspSGtc every 2 weeks, followed by a 4-week recovery period. Male and female rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups: a control group and two dose-level groups (1 × 109 and 4 × 109 PFU/mL). Treatment-related changes included a temporary increase in body temperature and local inflammation at the injection site. These findings indicated recovery or a trend toward recovery, with no overt systemic toxicity. Immunogenicity analysis results suggested that rVSVInd(GML)-mspSGtc elicited a robust dose-dependent immune response in terms of neutralizing antibodies and IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. In addition, the immune response intensity was increased by repeated vaccine administration. In conclusion, both the approximate lethal dose and the no observed adverse effect level for rVSVInd(GML)-mspSGtc exceeded 4 × 109 PFU/mL in NZW rabbits. Overall, rVSVInd(GML)-mspSGtc induced no adverse effects at the maximum dosage tested; however, its efficacy warrants further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeseon Park
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seong Jang
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Choi
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hyung Kim
- Sumagen Co., Ltd., 4F Dongwon Building, Teheran-ro 77-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06159, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsil Choi
- Sumagen Co., Ltd., 4F Dongwon Building, Teheran-ro 77-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Chang J, Lee J, Vicini FA, Kim JS, Kim J, Choi SH, Byun HK, Lee IJ, Kim YB. Comparison of Early Outcomes of Stereotactic Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation vs. Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy-Based FAST-FORWARD Whole Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e167-e168. [PMID: 37784770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Despite evidence supporting APBI from 8 published prospective randomized trials enrolling over 10,000 women, the uptake of APBI in clinical practice is surprisingly low. This is being exacerbated by a new, convenient, and safe shortened WBI schedule. Here, we report the dosimetric and early outcome analyses of the first >1000 patients treated at our institution since the first adoption of stereotactic APBI and the ultra-hypofractionated WBI regimen. MATERIALS/METHODS From 2016 to 2022, 801 women with breast cancers in the suitable or cautionary categories according to the ASTRO APBI consensus panel guidelines, received 30 Gy in 5 fractions (92%) either using a robotic stereotactic radiation system (83%) or stereotactic volumetric-based arc therapy (VMAT, 17%). Between 2020 and 2022, 468 women, who were not candidates for APBI and not undergoing any regional irradiation received 26 Gy in 5 fractions using VMAT to the whole breast with the addition of cardiac sparing technique in left-sided breast cancer patients. Tumor bed boosts were delivered in 99% of FF-WBI patients. We evaluated dose-volume histogram parameters for target volumes and organs-at-risk and radiation-related toxicities during RT or within 6 months after the end of RT. RESULTS Target volume coverage was acceptable in both groups, with mean 96% of the target volumes receiving 95% of the prescribed doses and 0 cm3 within target volumes exceeding 105% of the prescribed doses. S-APBI resulted in small, but statistically significant, reductions in the radiation dose delivered to the ipsilateral breast, contralateral breast, lungs, heart, and coronary artery compared with FF-WBI. Comparing WBI to APBI, the mean contralateral breast dose, ipsilateral lung V20 Gy, mean contralateral lung dose, and mean heart dose, were reduced by 89%, 78%, 73%, and 29%, respectively. With median follow-up periods of 32 months for s-APBI and 19 months for FF-WBI, acute toxicity was assessable in all patients. The risks of any grade acute toxicity were 21% for s-APBI and 25% for FF-WBI (p = .117). Among them, grade 2 rates were 1.3% in both groups and no severe toxicity has been reported. CONCLUSION We found s-APBI and VMAT-based FF WBI were associated with favorable dosimetric and acute toxicity profiles. However, considering significantly less irradiated volume in the breast, lungs, and heart, APBI with advanced available technique options should be considered over any WBI-based approach for patients at low risk for local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chang
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - J Lee
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea; Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - F A Vicini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, GenesisCare, Farmington Hills, MI
| | - J S Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - S H Choi
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - H K Byun
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - I J Lee
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - Y B Kim
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
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Park HJ, Kim K, Kim YB, Chang JS, Shin KH. Patterns and Longitudinal Changes in The Practice of Breast Cancer Radiotherapy in Korea: Korean Radiation Oncology Group 22-01. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e197-e198. [PMID: 37784841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To analyze contemporary practice patterns in breast cancer radiotherapy (RT) and to assess longitudinal changes therein over 5 years in Korea. MATERIALS/METHODS A nationwide survey was conducted among board-certified radiation oncologists in Korea by the Division for Breast Cancer of the Korean Radiation Oncology Group in March 2022. The survey consisted of 44 questions related to six domains: hypofractionated (HypoFx) whole breast RT, accelerated partial breast RT (APBI), regional nodal irradiation (RNI), RT for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), postmastectomy RT (PMRT), and tumor bed boost. RESULTS In total, 70 radiation oncologists from 61 of 101 (60%) institutions participated in the survey. HypoFx RT was used by 62 respondents (89%), which has significantly increased from 36% in 2017. The HypoFx RT was commonly administered at 40-42.5 Gy in 15-16 fractions. APBI was used by 12 respondents (17%), which has increased from 5% in 2017. The use of RNI did not change significantly: ≥ pN2 (6%), ≥ pN1 (33%), and ≥ pN1 with pathological risk factors (61%). However, the indications for use of internal mammary lymph node (IMN) irradiation have expanded. In particular, the rates of routine treatment of IMN (11% from 6% in 2017) and treatment in cases of ≥ pN2 (27% from 14% in 2017) have doubled; however, the rate of treatment for only IMN involvement, identified on imaging, has decreased to 31% from 47% in 2017. With regard to DCIS, the use of hypoFx RT increased to 75% from 25%, and the rate of omission on of RT after breast-conserving surgery decreased to 38% from 48% in 2017. The use of hypoFx RT for PMRT also increased to 36% from 8% in 2017. CONCLUSION The adoption of HypoFx RT after breast-conserving surgery in invasive breast cancer and DCIS has increased significantly, whereas that for PMRT has increased moderately, compared to 2017. Further studies are required to determine the optimal use of RNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Park
- Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - K Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - Y B Kim
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - J S Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - K H Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
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Park SJ, Jang MS, Lim KH, Seo JW, Im WJ, Han KH, Kim SE, Jang E, Park D, Kim YB. Preclinical evaluation of general toxicity and safety pharmacology of a receptor-binding domain-based COVID-19 subunit vaccine in various animal models. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2429-2440. [PMID: 37491472 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has resulted in the introduction of several naïve methods of vaccine development, which have been used to prepare novel viral vectors and mRNA-based vaccines. However, reluctance to receive vaccines owing to the uncertainty regarding their safety is prevalent. Therefore, rigorous safety evaluation of vaccines through preclinical toxicity studies is critical to determine the safety profiles of vaccine candidates. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity profile of HuVac-19, a subunit vaccine of SARS-CoV-2 utilizing the receptor-binding domain as an antigen, in rats, rabbits, and dogs using single- and repeat-dose study designs. Repeat-dose toxicity studies in rats and rabbits showed transient changes in hematological and serum biochemical parameters in the adjuvant and/or vaccine groups; however, these changes were reversed or potentially reversible after the recovery period. Moreover, temporary reversible changes in absolute and relative organ weights were observed in the prostate of rats and the thymus of rabbits. Gross examination of the injection sites in rats and rabbits treated with the adjuvant- and HuVac-19 showed discoloration and foci, whereas histopathological examination showed granulomatous inflammation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and myofiber degeneration/necrosis. This inflammatory response was local, unassociated with other toxicological changes, and resolved. In a pharmacological safety study, no toxicological or physiological changes associated with HuVac-19 administration were observed. In conclusion, HuVac-19 was not associated with any major systemic adverse effects in the general toxicity and safety pharmacology evaluation, demonstrating that HuVac-19 is a vaccine candidate with sufficient capacity to be used in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Jin Park
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seong Jang
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Lim
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Wook Seo
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Jung Im
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- HuVet Bio, Inc., 127 Beubwon-ro, Songpa gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Jang
- HuVet Bio, Inc., 127 Beubwon-ro, Songpa gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Park
- HuVet Bio, Inc., 127 Beubwon-ro, Songpa gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Lee BS, Kim Y, Park H, Im WJ, Han HY, Kim YB, Lim S, Yoo MH. Long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates induce cytoskeletal abnormalities and activate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in both renal cell carcinoma 3D cultures and Caki-1 xenografted mouse model. Environ Int 2023; 178:108093. [PMID: 37459689 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to perfluorooctanoate (PFOA; a type of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates [PFACs]) may be correlated with the incidence of kidney cancer in individuals exposed to high levels of PFOA. However, mechanistic studies on the influence of PFACs on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development are lacking. We explored the effects of five types of PFACs on RCC using in vitro and in vivo models to fill this knowledge gap and provide information for environmental/usage regulations. Using 2D/3D cultures of Caki-1 cells, a human clear cell RCC line, we examined the effects of short-chain (SC) PFACs and long-chain (LC) PFACs on RCC physio/pathological markers, including the cytoskeleton, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, and Na+/K+-ATPase. We also administered three different PFACs orally to mice harboring Caki-1 xenografts to assess the impact of these compounds on engrafted RCC in vivo. Compared with the effects of SCPFACs, mice with Caki-1 xenografts treated with LCPFACs showed increased EMT-related protein expression and exhibited liver toxicity. Therefore, LCPFACs induced EMT, influencing cancer metastasis activity, and displayed higher toxicity in vivo compared with SCPFACs. These findings improve our understanding of the effects of PFACs on RCC development and their corresponding in vivo toxicity, which is crucial for regulating these substances to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heejin Park
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wan-Jung Im
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyoung-Yun Han
- Department of Predictive Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - SunHwa Lim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Heui Yoo
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Hwang JH, Lim M, Han G, Park H, Kim YB, Park J, Jun SY, Lee J, Cho JW. A comparative study on the implementation of deep learning algorithms for detection of hepatic necrosis in toxicity studies. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:399-408. [PMID: 37398569 PMCID: PMC10313597 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep learning has recently become one of the most popular methods of image analysis. In non-clinical studies, several tissue slides are generated to investigate the toxicity of a test compound. These are converted into digital image data using a slide scanner, which is then studied by researchers to investigate abnormalities, and the deep learning method has been started to adopt in this study. However, comparative studies evaluating different deep learning algorithms for analyzing abnormal lesions are scarce. In this study, we applied three algorithms, SSD, Mask R-CNN, and DeepLabV3+, to detect hepatic necrosis in slide images and determine the best deep learning algorithm for analyzing abnormal lesions. We trained each algorithm on 5750 images and 5835 annotations of hepatic necrosis including validation and test, augmented with 500 image tiles of 448 × 448 pixels. Precision, recall, and accuracy were calculated for each algorithm based on the prediction results of 60 test images of 2688 × 2688 pixels. The two segmentation algorithms, DeepLabV3+ and Mask R-CNN, showed over 90% of accuracy (0.94 and 0.92, respectively), whereas SSD, an object detection algorithm, showed lower accuracy. The trained DeepLabV3+ outperformed all others in recall while also successfully separating hepatic necrosis from other features in the test images. It is important to localize and separate the abnormal lesion of interest from other features to investigate it on a slide level. Therefore, we suggest that segmentation algorithms are more appropriate than object detection algorithms for use in the pathological analysis of images in non-clinical studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-023-00173-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Hwang
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Lim
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongjin Han
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Park
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Park
- Research & Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, 07807 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Jun
- Research & Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, 07807 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeku Lee
- Research & Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, 07807 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
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11
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Hwang JH, Lim M, Han G, Park H, Kim YB, Park J, Jun SY, Lee J, Cho JW. Segmentation algorithm can be used for detecting hepatic fibrosis in SD rat. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:16. [PMID: 37381051 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is an early stage of liver cirrhosis. As a reversible lesion before cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer, it has been a target for drug discovery. Many antifibrotic candidates have shown promising results in experimental animal models; however, due to adverse clinical reactions, most antifibrotic agents are still preclinical. Therefore, rodent models have been used to examine the histopathological differences between the control and treatment groups to evaluate the efficacy of anti-fibrotic agents in non-clinical research. In addition, with improvements in digital image analysis incorporating artificial intelligence (AI), a few researchers have developed an automated quantification of fibrosis. However, the performance of multiple deep learning algorithms for the optimal quantification of hepatic fibrosis has not been evaluated. Here, we investigated three different localization algorithms, mask R-CNN, DeepLabV3+, and SSD, to detect hepatic fibrosis. RESULTS 5750 images with 7503 annotations were trained using the three algorithms, and the model performance was evaluated in large-scale images and compared to the training images. The results showed that the precision values were comparable among the algorithms. However, there was a gap in the recall, leading to a difference in model accuracy. The mask R-CNN outperformed the recall value (0.93) and showed the closest prediction results to the annotation for detecting hepatic fibrosis among the algorithms. DeepLabV3+ also showed good performance; however, it had limitations in the misprediction of hepatic fibrosis as inflammatory cells and connective tissue. The trained SSD showed the lowest performance and was limited in predicting hepatic fibrosis compared to the other algorithms because of its low recall value (0.75). CONCLUSIONS We suggest it would be a more useful tool to apply segmentation algorithms in implementing AI algorithms to predict hepatic fibrosis in non-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Hwang
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Minyoung Lim
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Gyeongjin Han
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Heejin Park
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Jinseok Park
- Research and Development Team, LAC Inc., 07807, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Jun
- Research and Development Team, LAC Inc., 07807, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeku Lee
- Research and Development Team, LAC Inc., 07807, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea.
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12
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Gu EY, Jung J, Back SM, Lim KH, Kim W, Min BS, Han KH, Kim SK, Kim YB. Evaluation of genotoxicity and 13-week subchronic toxicity of root of Asarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) Kitag. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 305:116012. [PMID: 36567041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Asarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) Kitag is a traditional herbal medicine used in Korea and China. It is effective in aphthous stomatitis, local anesthesia, headache, toothache, gingivitis, and inflammatory diseases. However, information on the toxicity of the root of Asarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) Kitag (AR) is limited. Therefore, preclinical toxicity studies on AR are needed to reduce the risk of excessive intake. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to evaluate genotoxicity and the potential toxicity due to repeated administration of AR powder. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames), in vitro chromosomal aberration assay (CA), and in vivo micronucleus (MN) assay in ICR mice were conducted. As positive results were obtained in Ames and CA assays, alkaline comet assay and pig-a gene mutation test were conducted for confirmation. For evaluating the general toxicity of AR powder, a 13-week subchronic toxicity test was conducted, after determining the dose by performing a single and a 4-week dose range finding (DRF) test. A total of 152 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were orally administered AR powder at doses of 0, 150, 350, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day in the 13-week subchronic toxicity test. Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, organ weight, macro-, and microscopic examination were conducted after rat necropsy. RESULTS AR powder induced genotoxicity evidenced in the Ames test at 187.5, 750, 375, and 1500 μg/plate of TA100, TA98, TA1537, and E. coli WP2uvrA in the presence and absence of S9, respectively; CA test at 790 μg/mL for 6 h in the presence of S-9; 75 μg/mL for 6 h in the absence of S-9, and 70 μg/mL for 22 h in the absence of S-9 in the stomach in the comet assay but not in MN and pig-a assays. In the 13-week subchronic toxicity study, clinical signs including irregular respiration, noisy respiration, salivation, and decreased body weight or food consumption were observed in males and females in the 2000 mg/kg/day group. In hematology tests, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, organ weight, and macroscopic examination, changes were observed in the dose groups of 500 mg/kg/day and above. Microscopic examination revealed hyperplasia of the stomach as a test-related change. Hepatocellular adenoma and changes in liver-related clinical chemistry parameters were observed. The rat No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was 150 mg/kg/day in males and <150 mg/kg/day in females. CONCLUSIONS AR powder is potentially toxic to the liver and stomach and should be used with caution in humans. A long-term study on carcinogenicity is necessitated because DNA damage or changes in tissue lesions were observed in SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Nam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jina Jung
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seng-Min Back
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyun Lim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Nam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Oh S, Jang MS, Jung KJ, Han JS, Lee H, Gil A, Jeon B, Roberts CC, Maslow JN, Kim YB, Han KH. Preclinical safety assessment of the suction-assisted intradermal injection of the SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine candidate pGO-1002 in white rabbit. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1177-1189. [PMID: 36683063 PMCID: PMC9868498 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
pGO-1002, a non-viral DNA vaccine that expresses both spike and ORF3a antigens of SARS-CoV-2, is undergoing phase 1 and phase 2a clinical trials in Korea and the US. A preclinical repeated-dose toxicity study in New Zealand white rabbits in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) was conducted to assess the potential toxicity, local tolerance, and immunogenicity of the vaccine and GeneDerm suction device. The dose rate was 1.2 mg/head pGO-1002, and this was administered intradermally to a group of animals (eight animals/sex/group) three times at 2-week intervals, followed by a 4-week recovery period. After each administration, suction was applied to the injection site using the GeneDerm device. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, skin irritation, ophthalmology, body temperature, urinalysis, and clinical pathology were also monitored. Gross observations and histopathological evaluation were performed. Overall, pGO-1002 administration-related changes were confined to minor damage or changes at the injection site, increased spleen weight and minimal increased cellularity in white pulp. All changes of injection site were considered local inflammatory changes or pharmacological actions due to the vaccine with the changes in spleen considered consistent with vaccine-induced immune activation. All findings showed reversibility during the 4-week recovery period. Animals vaccinated with pGO-1002, administered by intradermal injection and followed by application of suction with GeneDerm, developed humoral and cellular responses against the SARS-CoV-2 antigens consistent with prior studies in rats. Collectively, it was concluded that the pGO-1002 vaccine was safe and effective under these experimental conditions and these data supported future human study of the vaccine, now known as GLS-5310, for clinical trial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Oh
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seong Jang
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Jung
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Yeongdeungpo Gu, Seoul, 07335, Korea
| | - Areum Gil
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Yeongdeungpo Gu, Seoul, 07335, Korea
| | - Bohyun Jeon
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Yeongdeungpo Gu, Seoul, 07335, Korea
| | | | - Joel N Maslow
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Yeongdeungpo Gu, Seoul, 07335, Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Hwang JH, Lim M, Han G, Park H, Kim YB, Park J, Jun SY, Lee J, Cho JW. Preparing pathological data to develop an artificial intelligence model in the nonclinical study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3896. [PMID: 36890209 PMCID: PMC9994413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis has recently been adopted in the examination of histological slides via the digitization of glass slides using a digital scanner. In this study, we examined the effect of varying the staining color tone and magnification level of a dataset on the result of AI model prediction in hematoxylin and eosin stained whole slide images (WSIs). The WSIs of liver tissues with fibrosis were used as an example, and three different datasets (N20, B20, and B10) were prepared with different color tones and magnifications. Using these datasets, we built five models trained Mask R-CNN algorithm by a single or mixed dataset of N20, B20, and B10. We evaluated their model performance using the test dataset of three datasets. It was found that the models that were trained with mixed datasets (models B20/N20 and B10/B20), which consist of different color tones or magnifications, performed better than the single dataset trained models. Consequently, superior performance of the mixed models was obtained from the actual prediction results of the test images. We suggest that training the algorithm with various staining color tones and multi-scaled image datasets would be more optimized for consistent remarkable performance in predicting pathological lesions of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Hwang
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Minyoung Lim
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Gyeongjin Han
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Heejin Park
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Jinseok Park
- Research and Development Team, LAC Inc., Seoul, 07807, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Jun
- Research and Development Team, LAC Inc., Seoul, 07807, Korea
| | - Jaeku Lee
- Research and Development Team, LAC Inc., Seoul, 07807, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea.
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15
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Bak SM, Back SM, Kim DY, Jeung NY, Kim NY, Yang JY, Han KH, Kim YB, Min BS, Lee BS, Park SH. Genotoxicity assessment of root extracts of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2023; 886:503579. [PMID: 36868693 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., (Paeoniae Radix, PL) are a well-known herbal remedy used to treat fever, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatitis, and gynecological disorders in East Asia. Here we evaluated the genetic toxicity of PL extracts (as a powder [PL-P] and hot-water extract [PL-W]) in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines. The Ames test revealed that PL-W was not toxic to S. typhimurium strains and E. coli in absence and presence of the S9 metabolic activation system at concentrations up to 5000 μg/plate, but PL-P produced a mutagenic response to TA100 in the absence of S9 mix. PL-P was cytotoxic in in vitro chromosomal aberrations (more than a 50 % decrease in cell population doubling time), and it increased the frequency of structural and numerical aberrations in absence and presence of S9 mix in a concentration-dependent manner. PL-W was cytotoxic in the in vitro chromosomal aberration tests (more than a 50 % decrease in cell population doubling time) only in the absence of S9 mix, and it induced structural aberrations only in the presence of S9 mix. PL-P and PL-W did not produce toxic response during the in vivo micronucleus test after oral administration to ICR mice and did not induce positive results in the in vivo Pig-a gene mutation and comet assays after oral administration to SD rats. Although PL-P showed genotoxic in two in vitro tests, the results from physiologically relevant in vivo Pig-a gene mutation and comet assays illustrated that PL-P and PL-W does not cause genotoxic effects in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Bak
- Genetic & Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea
| | - Seng-Min Back
- Genetic & Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Genetic & Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Jeung
- Genetic & Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea
| | - Nan-Young Kim
- Genetic & Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Yang
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Organ Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, the Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Genetic & Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea.
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Yoo MH, Lee SJ, Kim W, Kim Y, Kim YB, Moon KS, Lee BS. Bisphenol A impairs renal function by reducing Na +/K +-ATPase and F-actin expression, kidney tubule formation in vitro and in vivo. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 246:114141. [PMID: 36206637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The kidney proximal tubule is responsible for reabsorbing water and NaCl to maintain the homeostasis of the body fluids, electrolytes, and nutrients. Thus, abnormal functioning of the renal proximal tubule can lead to life-threatening imbalances. Bisphenol A (BPA) has been used for decades as a representative chemical in household plastic products, but studies on its effects on the kidney proximal tubule are insufficient. In this study, immunocytochemical and cytotoxicity tests were performed using two- and three-dimensional human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell (hRPTEC) cultures to investigate the impact of low-dose BPA (1-10 μM) exposure. BPA was found to interfere with straight tubule formation as observed by low filamentous actin formation and reduced Na+/K+-ATPase expression in the tubules of hRPTEC 3D cultures. Similar results were observed in rat pup kidneys following oral administration of 250 mg/kg BPA. Moreover, the expression of HO-1 and 8-OHdG, key markers for oxidative stress, was increased in vitro and in vivo following BPA administration, whereas that of OAT1 and OAT, important transporters of the renal proximal tubules, was not altered. Overall, no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL)-dose BPA exposure can decrease renal function by promoting abnormal tubular formation both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we propose that although it does not exhibit life-threatening toxicity, exposure to low levels of BPA can negatively affect homeostasis in the body by means of long-term deterioration of renal proximal tubular function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Heui Yoo
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Oh S, Gu EY, Han JS, Lee BS, Moon KS, Kim YB, Han KH. Tumorigenicity Assessment of Human Cancer Cell Lines Xenografted on Immunodeficient Mice as Positive Controls of Tumorigenicity Testing. Int J Toxicol 2022; 41:476-487. [PMID: 36069520 DOI: 10.1177/10915818221124573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cell therapies and genome editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 make regenerative medicines promising for curing diseases previously thought to be incurable. However, the possibility of off-target effects during genome editing and the nature of hPSCs, which can differentiate into any cell type and infinitely proliferate, inevitably raises concerns about tumorigenicity. Tumorigenicity acts as a major obstacle to the application of hPSC-derived and gene therapy products in clinical practice. Thus, regulatory authorities demand mandatory tumorigenicity testing as a key pre-clinical safety step for the products. In the tumorigenicity testing, regulatory guidelines request to include human cancer cell line injected positive control group (PC) animals, which must form tumors. As the validity of the whole test is determined by the tumor-forming rates (typically above 90%) of PC animals, establishing the stable tumorigenic condition of PC animals is critical for successful testing. We conducted several studies to establish the proper positive control conditions, including dose, administration routes, and the selection of cell lines, in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations and/or guidelines, which are essential for pre-clinical safety tests of therapeutic materials. We expect that our findings provide insights and practical information to create a successful tumorigenicity test and its guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Oh
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Gu
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Baek EB, Hwang JH, Park H, Lee BS, Son HY, Kim YB, Jun SY, Her J, Lee J, Cho JW. Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Image Analysis of Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061478. [PMID: 35741291 PMCID: PMC9222125 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major target of the pharmaceutical industry, we currently lack an efficient model for evaluating liver toxicity in the early stage of its development. Recent progress in artificial intelligence-based deep learning technology promises to improve the accuracy and robustness of current toxicity prediction models. Mask region-based CNN (Mask R-CNN) is a detection-based segmentation model that has been used for developing algorithms. In the present study, we applied a Mask R-CNN algorithm to detect and predict acute hepatic injury lesions induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in Sprague-Dawley rats. To accomplish this, we trained, validated, and tested the model for various hepatic lesions, including necrosis, inflammation, infiltration, and portal triad. We confirmed the model performance at the whole-slide image (WSI) level. The training, validating, and testing processes, which were performed using tile images, yielded an overall model accuracy of 96.44%. For confirmation, we compared the model’s predictions for 25 WSIs at 20× magnification with annotated lesion areas determined by an accredited toxicologic pathologist. In individual WSIs, the expert-annotated lesion areas of necrosis, inflammation, and infiltration tended to be comparable with the values predicted by the algorithm. The overall predictions showed a high correlation with the annotated area. The R square values were 0.9953, 0.9610, and 0.9445 for necrosis, inflammation plus infiltration, and portal triad, respectively. The present study shows that the Mask R-CNN algorithm is a useful tool for detecting and predicting hepatic lesions in non-clinical studies. This new algorithm might be widely useful for predicting liver lesions in non-clinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bok Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (E.B.B.); (H.-Y.S.)
| | - Ji-Hee Hwang
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (J.-H.H.); (H.P.); (B.-S.L.)
| | - Heejin Park
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (J.-H.H.); (H.P.); (B.-S.L.)
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (J.-H.H.); (H.P.); (B.-S.L.)
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (E.B.B.); (H.-Y.S.)
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
| | - Sang-Yeop Jun
- Research & Development Team, LAC Inc., Seoul 07807, Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (J.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Her
- Research & Development Team, LAC Inc., Seoul 07807, Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (J.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaeku Lee
- Research & Development Team, LAC Inc., Seoul 07807, Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (J.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (J.-H.H.); (H.P.); (B.-S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-610-8023
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Thanh Le T, Tuan Ha M, Han KH, Kim YB, Ah Kim J, Sun Min B. Anti-Inflammatory Lignans from the Roots of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum and Their Mechanism of Action. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100986. [PMID: 35502747 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum F. Maekawa (Aristolochiaceae) root extract led to the isolation and characterization of one new ferulic acid glucose ester (1) and nine known lignans (2-10). Their structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, and MS spectra. The anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds were investigated via their inhibition against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells. Among them, compound 7 ((1R,2S,5R,6R)-5'-O-methylpluviatilol) showed the most effective inhibitory activity against NO production and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein in an exceedingly dose-dependent manner. In addition, further study revealed that the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of the most active lignan (7) might be associated with the inhibition of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thanh Le
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Manh Tuan Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea
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20
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Ahn YH, Imaida K, Kim YB, Han KH, Pack JK, Kim N, Jeon SB, Lee AK, Choi HD, Wang J, Kawabe M, Kim HS. An International Collaborative Animal Study of the Carcinogenicity of Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation: Considerations for Preparation of a Global Project. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:218-224. [PMID: 35476263 PMCID: PMC9321571 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiofrequency radiation (RFR) was classified as a “possible” human carcinogen in 2011, which caused great public concern. A carcinogenicity study by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) found Code Division Multiple Access—and Global System for Mobile Communications—modulated mobile phone RFR to be carcinogenic to the brain and heart of male rats. As part of an investigation of mobile phone carcinogenesis, and to verify the NTP study results, a 5‐year collaborative animal project was started in Korea and Japan in 2019. An international animal study of this type has two prerequisites: use of the same study protocol and the same RF‐exposure system. This article discusses our experience in the design of this global study on radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF‐EMFs). Bioelectromagnetics. 43:218–224, 2022. © 2022 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hwan Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Katsumi Imaida
- Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Pack
- Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bong Jeon
- Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Kyoung Lee
- Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Do Choi
- Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianqing Wang
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kawabe
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Hye Sun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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21
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Hwang JH, Kim HJ, Park H, Lee BS, Son HY, Kim YB, Jun SY, Park JH, Lee J, Cho JW. Implementation and Practice of Deep Learning-Based Instance Segmentation Algorithm for Quantification of Hepatic Fibrosis at Whole Slide Level in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2022. [PMID: 34866512 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211057128.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Exponential development in artificial intelligence or deep learning technology has resulted in more trials to systematically determine the pathological diagnoses using whole slide images (WSIs) in clinical and nonclinical studies. In this study, we applied Mask Regions with Convolution Neural Network (Mask R-CNN), a deep learning model that uses instance segmentation, to detect hepatic fibrosis induced by N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Sprague-Dawley rats. From 51 WSIs, we collected 2011 cropped images with hepatic fibrosis annotations. Training and detection of hepatic fibrosis via artificial intelligence methods was performed using Tensorflow 2.1.0, powered by an NVIDIA 2080 Ti GPU. From the test process using tile images, 95% of model accuracy was verified. In addition, we validated the model to determine whether the predictions by the trained model can reflect the scoring system by the pathologists at the WSI level. The validation was conducted by comparing the model predictions in 18 WSIs at 20× and 10× magnifications with ground truth annotations and board-certified pathologists. Predictions at 20× showed a high correlation with ground truth (R2 = 0.9660) and a good correlation with the average fibrosis rank by pathologists (R2 = 0.8887). Therefore, the Mask R-CNN algorithm is a useful tool for detecting and quantifying pathological findings in nonclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Hwang
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Heejin Park
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | | | - Jaeku Lee
- Research & Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
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22
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Hwang JH, Kim HJ, Park H, Lee BS, Son HY, Kim YB, Jun SY, Park JH, Lee J, Cho JW. Implementation and Practice of Deep Learning-Based Instance Segmentation Algorithm for Quantification of Hepatic Fibrosis at Whole Slide Level in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 50:186-196. [PMID: 34866512 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211057128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exponential development in artificial intelligence or deep learning technology has resulted in more trials to systematically determine the pathological diagnoses using whole slide images (WSIs) in clinical and nonclinical studies. In this study, we applied Mask Regions with Convolution Neural Network (Mask R-CNN), a deep learning model that uses instance segmentation, to detect hepatic fibrosis induced by N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Sprague-Dawley rats. From 51 WSIs, we collected 2011 cropped images with hepatic fibrosis annotations. Training and detection of hepatic fibrosis via artificial intelligence methods was performed using Tensorflow 2.1.0, powered by an NVIDIA 2080 Ti GPU. From the test process using tile images, 95% of model accuracy was verified. In addition, we validated the model to determine whether the predictions by the trained model can reflect the scoring system by the pathologists at the WSI level. The validation was conducted by comparing the model predictions in 18 WSIs at 20× and 10× magnifications with ground truth annotations and board-certified pathologists. Predictions at 20× showed a high correlation with ground truth (R 2 = 0.9660) and a good correlation with the average fibrosis rank by pathologists (R 2 = 0.8887). Therefore, the Mask R-CNN algorithm is a useful tool for detecting and quantifying pathological findings in nonclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Hwang
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Heejin Park
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | | | - Jaeku Lee
- Research & Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
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23
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Kim J, Han HJ, Lee W, Park SK, Chung J, Kim YB, Park KY. Safety and Efficacy of Stent-Assisted Coiling of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Using Low-Profile Stents in Small Parent Arteries. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1621-1626. [PMID: 34210666 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stent-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms arising from small vessels (≤ 2.0 mm) is a common procedure. However, data regarding its treatment outcomes are scarce. This study evaluated the clinical and radiologic outcomes of stent-assisted coiling using low-profile stents for aneurysms of small parent arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS From November 2015 to October 2020, sixty-four patients with 66 aneurysms arising from parent arteries of ≤2.0 mm were treated with stent-assisted coiling using a Low-Profile Visualized Intraluminal Support Junior (LVIS Jr) or the Neuroform Atlas stent in a single institution. The clinical and radiologic data were retrospectively reviewed, and the risk factors for procedure-related complications were evaluated. RESULTS The LVIS Jr and Neuroform Atlas stents were used in 22 (33.3%) and 44 (66.7%) cases, respectively. Technical success was achieved in 66 cases (100%). Immediate postprocedural aneurysm occlusion grades assessed by the Raymond-Roy occlusion classification were I (57.6%), II (19.7%), and III (22.7%), respectively. Procedure-related complications occurred in 10 cases (15.2%), with 8 thromboembolic complications (12.1%) and 2 hemorrhagic complications (3.0%). Procedure-related morbidity was 4.5% without mortality. On multivariate analysis, current smoking (odds ratio = 7.1, P = .021) had a statistically significant effect on procedure-related complications. CONCLUSIONS Stent-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms with low-profile stents in small vessels (≤ 2.0 mm) had a 100% success rate and a 15.2% overall complication rate with 4.5% morbidity. Current smoking was a significant risk factor associated with procedure-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.K., H.J.H., J.C., Y.B.K., K.Y.P.)
| | - H J Han
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.K., H.J.H., J.C., Y.B.K., K.Y.P.)
| | - W Lee
- Severance Stroke Center, and Department of Neurosurgery (W.L., S.K.P.), Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Park
- Severance Stroke Center, and Department of Neurosurgery (W.L., S.K.P.), Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Chung
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.K., H.J.H., J.C., Y.B.K., K.Y.P.)
| | - Y B Kim
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.K., H.J.H., J.C., Y.B.K., K.Y.P.)
| | - K Y Park
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.K., H.J.H., J.C., Y.B.K., K.Y.P.)
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Han JS, Back SM, Cho JW, Park HJ, Kim WJ, Park SH, Noh JH, Kim YB, Lee BS. Genotoxicity and subchronic general toxicity assessments of Lactobacillus curvatus WiKim 38 using Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112199. [PMID: 33865936 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus curvatus WiKim 38 (LCW), isolated from kimchi, has shown novel immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, to obtain data on the safety of LCW, we performed three genotoxicity (bacterial reverse mutation, chromosome aberration, and micronucleus) and two general toxicity (single-dosing and 13-week repeated-dosing) studies. In the genotoxicity assessment, LCW showed no increased reverse mutation for 4 strains of Salmonella typhimurium and a strain of Escherichia coli. In addition, LCW did not induce chromosome aberrations at concentrations up to 5000 μg/mL in cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells and did not induce an increased frequency of micronuclei in the bone marrow cells of rats at concentrations up to 2000 mg/kg. In the acute toxicity study using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, the approximate lethal dose of LCW was determined to be over 5000 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) in both sexes. Finally, in the subchronic toxicity study, no LCW-related adverse effects were observed at concentrations up to 5000 mg/kg b.w./day. Consequently, LCW is considered not to have mutagenic effects, and its no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) is 5000 mg/kg b.w., equivalent to approximately 4.71 × 109 CFU/kg b.w., suggesting the LCW could be a potential probiotic for humans based on its safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seok Han
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seng-Min Back
- Genetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Genetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Noh
- Organ Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Park JY, Choi JH, Lee SN, Cho HJ, Ahn JS, Kim YB, Park DY, Park SC, Kim SI, Kang MJ, Jang AR, Ahn JH, Lee TS, Kim DY, Shin SJ, Yoon JH, Park JH. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 contributes to the development of allergic rhinitis by promoting the production of epithelial-derived cytokines. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1720-1731. [PMID: 33476674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine methylation is a posttranslational modification mediated by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Although previous studies have shown that PRMT1 contributes to the severity of allergic airway inflammation or asthma, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the role of PRMT1 and its relevant mechanism in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS The expression levels of PRMTs and cytokines were determined by RT-PCR, and the localization of PRMT1 was determined by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. The levels of house dust mite (HDM)-specific immunoglobulins in serum and of cytokines in nasal lavage fluids were determined by ELISA. PRMT1 inhibition was achieved by siRNA and treatment with the pan PRMT inhibitor arginine N-methyltransferase inhibitor-1. RESULTS PRMT1 expression was significantly increased in the nasal mucosa of patients and mice with AR. The degree of eosinophilic infiltration in the nasal mucosa was reduced in PRMT1+/- AR mice compared with wild-type mice. PRMT1 haploinsufficiency reduced the levels of HDM-specific immunoglobulins in serum and those of TH2 (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and epithelial (thymic stromal lymphopoietin [TSLP], IL-25, and IL-33) cytokines in the nasal lavage fluids of AR mice. In nasal epithelial cells, HDM and IL-4 cooperate to enhance PRMT1 expression through a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. In addition, PRMT1 was essential for the production of TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 in response to HDM and IL-4. Arginine N-methyltransferase inhibitor-1 treatment alleviated AR in the mouse model. CONCLUSIONS PRMT1 plays an important role in AR development by regulating epithelial-derived cytokine production and might be a new therapeutic target for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Choi
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sang-Nam Lee
- Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ju Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Suk Ahn
- Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Center for Nonclinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Do-Yong Park
- Center for Nonclinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-In Kim
- Research Center for Human Natural Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Jang
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Ahn
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Lee
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Heon Yoon
- Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
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Chung HK, Nam JS, Lee MY, Kim YB, Won YS, Song WJ, Kim YH, Ahn CW, Sung KC. The increased amount of coffee consumption lowers the incidence of fatty liver disease in Korean men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1653-1661. [PMID: 32631703 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Coffee is known to have a beneficial effect on various liver diseases. The aim of this retrospective longitudinal study was to investigate an association between the amount of coffee consumption and the incidence of fatty liver disease in Korean adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from a total of 91,436 male and female subjects with the mean follow-up period of 2.8 years were analyzed. The incidence of fatty liver was not associated with the amount of coffee consumption at baseline, but it was associated with the change in the amount of coffee consumption at the follow-up period. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that hazard ratios for incidence of fatty liver disease were significantly low in "increase" group comparing with "no change" group in fully adjusted model. When a subgroup analysis by gender was conducted, similar significant results were observed in male subjects, but not in females. CONCLUSIONS The increment in the amount of coffee consumption is associated with the lower incidence of fatty liver in Korean men and suggests that increasing the coffee consumption may have a protective effect on fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyung Chung
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of R&D Management, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sam Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Woo Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lim JO, Jung TY, Lee SJ, Park SW, Kim WI, Park SH, Kim JH, Heo JD, Kim YB, Shin IS, Kim JC. Evaluation of 28-day repeated oral dose toxicity of aluminum chloride in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1088-1097. [PMID: 32815395 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1808670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential adverse effects of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) following a 4-week repeated oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats. The test article was administered once daily by gavage to male and female rats at dose levels of 0, 100, 300, and 900 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. After administration of AlCl3 at 900 mg/kg/day, treatment-related systemic toxicity manifested as significant increases in salivation incidence, neutrophil percentage, reticulocytes, serum triglyceride, adrenal gland and liver weights, and single-hepatocyte necrosis, as well as significant decreases in body weight gain, food intake, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocyte percentage, serum total protein and albumin, and thymus weight in male rats; and significant increases in salivation incidence, serum triglyceride, and liver weight, as well as a significant decrease in lymphocyte percentage in female rats. At 300 mg/kg/day, a significant decrease in MCHC was found in male rats, but not in female rats. However, this finding was not toxicologically significant because the reduction was minimal and was not accompanied by changes in any other parameters. No treatment-related effects were observed in the 100 mg/kg/day group of both genders. Under the experimental conditions of this study, the target organs of AlCl3 were determined to be the blood, liver, and thymus in rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was found to be 300 mg/kg/day in rats of both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Oh Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yang Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Won Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyeuk Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hein Kim
- Bioenvironmental Science & Technology Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Doo Heo
- Bioenvironmental Science & Technology Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Park KY, Yeon JY, Kim BM, Jeon P, Kim JH, Jang CK, Kim DJ, Lee JW, Kim YB, Chung J, Song DH, Park HG, Park JS. Efficacy and Safety of Flow-Diverter Therapy for Recurrent Aneurysms after Stent-Assisted Coiling. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:663-668. [PMID: 32165365 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Flow-diverter treatment for previously stented aneurysms has been reported to be less effective and prone to complications. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of flow diverters for recurrent aneurysms after stent-assisted coiling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who underwent flow-diverter placement for recurrent aneurysms after stent-assisted coiling between March 2015 and March 2019 were recruited. Clinical and radiographic characteristics and clinical and angiographic outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS Among 133 patients who underwent flow-diverter insertion, 17 (male/female ratio = 5:12; mean age, 53.8 years) were treated for recurrent aneurysms after stent placement with (n = 16) or without (n = 1) coiling. Eight patients initially presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage; 7, with headache; and 2, with visual field defects. Angiographic morphology included large/giant saccular in 12 patients, dissecting in 2, fusiform in 1, traumatic pseudoaneurysm in 1, and ruptured blood blister-like aneurysm in 1. The duration between the first treatment and flow-diverter placement ranged from 2 weeks to 15 months (median, 6 months). Flow-diverter placement was successful in all cases without any complications. All patients had favorable outcomes (mRS, 0-2), without any newly appearing symptoms. Aneurysms were followed up with conventional angiography at least once in 6-18 months. Sixteen aneurysms showed complete occlusion, and 1 aneurysm was enlarged. CONCLUSIONS Results from this case series investigating flow-diverter placement for recurrent aneurysms after stent-assisted coiling suggested that the procedure is safe and effective. Further study in a larger population may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Park
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (K.Y.P., C.K.J., J.W.L., Y.B.K., J.C.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Yeon
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.Y.Y.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B M Kim
- Department of Radiology (B.M.K., J.-H.K., D.J.K., D.H.S., H.G.P., J.S.P.), Severance Stroke Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - P Jeon
- Department of Radiology (P.J.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Department of Radiology (B.M.K., J.-H.K., D.J.K., D.H.S., H.G.P., J.S.P.), Severance Stroke Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C K Jang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (K.Y.P., C.K.J., J.W.L., Y.B.K., J.C.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D J Kim
- Department of Radiology (B.M.K., J.-H.K., D.J.K., D.H.S., H.G.P., J.S.P.), Severance Stroke Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Lee
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (K.Y.P., C.K.J., J.W.L., Y.B.K., J.C.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y B Kim
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (K.Y.P., C.K.J., J.W.L., Y.B.K., J.C.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Chung
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (K.Y.P., C.K.J., J.W.L., Y.B.K., J.C.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Song
- Department of Radiology (B.M.K., J.-H.K., D.J.K., D.H.S., H.G.P., J.S.P.), Severance Stroke Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H G Park
- Department of Radiology (B.M.K., J.-H.K., D.J.K., D.H.S., H.G.P., J.S.P.), Severance Stroke Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Park
- Department of Radiology (B.M.K., J.-H.K., D.J.K., D.H.S., H.G.P., J.S.P.), Severance Stroke Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Han JS, Jang S, Son HY, Kim YB, Kim Y, Noh JH, Kim MJ, Lee BS. Subacute dermal toxicity of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids: comparison with different carbon-chain lengths in human skin equivalents and systemic effects of perfluoroheptanoic acid in Sprague Dawley rats. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:523-539. [PMID: 31797001 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are used in various fields but raise concerns regarding human health and environmental consequences. Among PFASs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (SC PFCAs) are detectable in skin-contact consumer products and have dermal absorption potential. Here, we investigated the effects of dermal exposure to PFOA and SC PFCAs using in vitro and in vivo models. Human skin equivalents were topically treated with 0.25 mM and 2.5 mM PFOA and SC PFCAs (perfluoropentanoic acid, PFPeA; perfluorohexanoic acid, PFHxA; and perfluoroheptanoic acid, PFHpA) for 6 days, and cell viability, interleukin (IL)-1α, oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, MDA; and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG), and histopathology were examined. MDA levels were significantly higher in the PFASs groups than in controls. Compared with SC PFCAs, 2.5 mM PFOA caused more IL-1α (p < 0.001) release, decreased skin thickness and microscopic abnormalities. To evaluate systemic effects, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were dermally treated with 250 and 1000 mg/kg PFHpA for 2 weeks and clinical and anatomic pathology were assessed. At 1000 mg/kg, 83% of the rats died, with severe ulcerative dermatitis at the application site. Adverse PFHpA-treated systemic changes were observed in the kidney, liver and testes, and histopathologic lesions such as renal tubular necrosis, hepatocellular necrosis, and germ cell degeneration were seen at 250 and 1000 mg/kg. Our study suggests that SC PFCAs have fewer effects on the skin than PFOA, but SC PFCAs can have adverse effects on major organs with systemic exposure at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seok Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Jang
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Noh
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co., Ltd., 242 Pangyo Digital Center, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13487, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Han JS, Kim YB, Park H, Im WJ, Kim WJ, Kim Y, Won JY, Son HY, Lee BS. In vitro skin irritation assessment using EpiDerm™: applicability for updating toxicity information of oxybenzone and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 43:361-368. [PMID: 31305169 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1631340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A skin irritation test using in vitro reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) models was established for hazard identification of irritant chemicals in accordance with UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) category. In this study, EpiDerm™ was used to assess skin irritation by oxybenzone and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), which are widely used sunscreen and insect repellent components, respectively. EpiDerm™ was applied with oxybenzone and DEET, combined and sequentially with each single dose. Epidermal morphology and differentiation/proliferation were examined microscopically. Oxybenzone and sequential administration groups were determined as nonirritant with cell viability >50% and the morphology was comparable to the human epidermis. Contrastingly, the DEET and coadministration groups exhibited cell viability <50% and poor epidermal morphology. Interleukin (IL)-1α release from substance-treated EpiDerm™ increased inversely to cell viability, suggesting the pro-inflammatory reaction was initiated by DEET. CK-10, E-cadherin, Ki-67, laminin, and ceramide were identified as relevant markers to assess oxybenzone- or DEET-induced epidermal injury. In conclusion, these results may indicate to be aware of the possible skin irritation by indiscriminate use of oxybenzone and DEET without animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seok Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Park
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Jung Im
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yun Won
- Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co., Ltd, Siheung-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Kim K, Jeong Y, Shin KH, Kim JH, Ahn SD, Kim SS, Suh CO, Kim YB, Choi DH, Park W, Cha J, Chun M, Lee DS, Lee SY, Kim JH, Park HJ. Abstract P3-12-12: Impact of regional nodal irradiation for breast cancer patients with supraclavicular and/or internal mammary lymph node involvement: A multicenter, retrospective study (KROG 16-14). Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p3-12-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer with ipsilateral supraclavicular (SCL) and/or internal mammary (IMN) lymph node involvement.
Methods: A total of 353 patients from 11 institutions were included. One hundred and thirty-six patients had SCL involvement, 148 had IMN involvement, and 69 had both. All patients received neoadjvant systemic therapy followed by breast conserving surgery or mastectomy, and postoperative RT to whole breast/chest wall. As for regional lymph node irradiation, SCL RT was given to 344 patients, and IMN RT to 236 patients. The median RT dose was 50.4 Gy.
Results: The median follow-up duration was 61 months (range, 7-173). In-field progression was present in SCL (n=20) and/or IMN (n=7). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival rates were 57.8% and 75.1%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, both SCL/IMN involvement, number of axillary lymph node ≥4, triple negative subtype, and mastectomy were significant adverse prognosticators for DFS (p = 0.022, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.004, respectively). Regarding the impact of regional nodal irradiation, SCL RT dose ≥54 Gy was not associated with DFS (5-yr rate, 52.9% vs. 50.9%, p = 0.696) in SCL-involved patients, and the receipt of IMN RT was not associated with DFS (5-yr rate, 56.1% vs. 78.1%, p = 0.099) in IMN-involved patients.
Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and postoperative RT achieved an acceptable in-field regional control rate in patients with SCL and/or IMN involvement. However, a higher RT dose to SCL or IMN RT was not associated with the improved DFS in these patients.
Citation Format: Kim K, Jeong Y, Shin KH, Kim JH, Ahn SD, Kim SS, Suh C-O, Kim YB, Choi DH, Park W, Cha J, Chun M, Lee DS, Lee SY, Kim JH, Park HJ. Impact of regional nodal irradiation for breast cancer patients with supraclavicular and/or internal mammary lymph node involvement: A multicenter, retrospective study (KROG 16-14) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-12-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kim
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Jeong
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - KH Shin
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JH Kim
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - SD Ahn
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - SS Kim
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C-O Suh
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - YB Kim
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - DH Choi
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W Park
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Cha
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Chun
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - DS Lee
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - SY Lee
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JH Kim
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - HJ Park
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea; Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hu XG, Kim IG, Wang HJ, Kim BW, Hong SY, Kim YB, Shen XY. Reuse of Living-Donor Liver Graft in Second Recipient with Long-Term Survival. Transplant Proc 2019; 50:3984-3987. [PMID: 30577301 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain death is a rare situation after living-donor liver transplantation. However, the recipient who suffers from brain death and has functional liver graft is a potential liver donor. We report the 1st case of successful reuse of extended right living-donor liver graft after brain death of the first recipient. The first recipient, who had acute liver failure caused by hepatitis A virus, experienced brain death on the 2nd day after the transplantation. The allograft had a favorable regeneration and functional recovery. On the 7th day, the allograft was procured with a patent hepatic artery, bile duct, portal vein, and reconstructed outflow (right hepatic vein and middle hepatic vein) and successfully implanted into the second recipient. The second recipient has experienced a long-term survival without any complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-G Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - I-G Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - H-J Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - B-W Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - S Y Hong
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Y B Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - X-Y Shen
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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Lee EH, Kim S, Choi MS, Yang H, Park SM, Oh HA, Moon KS, Han JS, Kim YB, Yoon S, Oh JH. Gene networking in colistin-induced nephrotoxicity reveals an adverse outcome pathway triggered by proteotoxic stress. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1343-1355. [PMID: 30628653 PMCID: PMC6365082 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin has been widely used for the treatment of infections of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, despite the fact that it induces serious kidney injury as a side effect. To investigate the mechanism underlying its nephrotoxicity, colistin methanesulfonate sodium (CMS; 25 or 50 mg/kg) was administered via intraperitoneal injection to Sprague-Dawley rats daily over 7 days. Serum biochemistry and histopathology indicated that nephrotoxicity occurred in the rats administered with CMS. Whole-genome microarrays indicated 894 differentially expressed genes in the group treated with CMS (analysis of variance, false discovery rate <0.05, fold-change ≥1.3). Gene pathway and networking analyses revealed that genes associated with proteotoxic stress, including ribosome synthesis, protein translation, and protein folding, were significantly associated with the nephrotoxicity induced by CMS. It was found that colistin inhibited the expression of the target genes heat shock factor 1 and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2, which are associated with proteostasis, and that nephrotoxicity of CMS may be initiated by proteotoxic stress due to heat shock response inhibition, leading to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, eventually leading to cell death. A putative adverse outcome pathway was constructed based on the integrated gene networking data, which may clarify the mode of action of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Choi
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Yang
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Myo Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-A Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Han
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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Park H, Hwang JH, Han JS, Lee BS, Kim YB, Joo KM, Choi MS, Cho SA, Kim BH, Lim KM. Skin irritation and sensitization potential of oxidative hair dye substances evaluated with in vitro, in chemico and in silico test methods. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:360-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kim YB, Seo KW, Jeon HY, Lim SK, Lee YJ. Characteristics of the antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken meat produced by different integrated broiler operations in Korea. Poult Sci 2018; 97:962-969. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Song J, Kim W, Kim YB, Kim B, Lee K. Time course of polyhexamethyleneguanidine phosphate-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 345:94-102. [PMID: 29476863 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive disease with unknown etiology and has poor prognosis. Polyhexamethyleneguanidine phosphate (PHMG-P) causes acute interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis in humans when it exposed to the lung. In a previous study, when rats were exposed to PHMG-P through inhalation for 3 weeks, lung inflammation and fibrosis was observed even after 3 weeks of recovery. In this study, we aimed to determine the time course of PHMG-P-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. We compared pathological action of PHMG-P with that of bleomycin (BLM) and investigated the mechanism underlying PHMG-P-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. PHMG-P (0.9 mg/kg) or BLM (1.5 mg/kg) was intratracheally administered to mice. At weeks 1, 2, 4 and 10 after instillation, the levels of inflammatory and fibrotic markers and the expression of inflammasome proteins were measured. The inflammatory and fibrotic responses were upregulated until 10 and 4 weeks in the PHMG-P and BLM groups, respectively. Immune cell infiltration and considerable collagen deposition in the peribronchiolar and interstitial areas of the lungs, fibroblast proliferation, and hyperplasia of type II epithelial cells were observed. NALP3 inflammasome activation was detected in the PHMG-P group until 4 weeks, which is suspected to be the main reason for the persistent inflammatory response and exacerbation of fibrotic changes. Most importantly, the pathological changes in the PHMG-P group were similar to those observed in humidifier disinfectant-associated patients. A single exposure of PHMG-P led to persistent pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis for at least 10 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongah Song
- Systems Toxicology Center, Predictive Toxicology Department, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Kim
- Pathology Analytical Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Pathology Analytical Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea; Human and Environment Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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Lee GW, Lee JM, Lee WJ, Kim YB, Min YG. Clinical Implication of Tests for Prostate-specific Antigen in Brain-dead Organ Donors. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:20-23. [PMID: 29407309 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cancer screening tests are not mentioned under brain-dead organ donor care guidelines in Korea, we assessed the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), an important prostate cancer marker, and performed prostate biopsies when needed in brain-dead organ donors. We believe that insisting on a screening test for cancer diagnosis in donors' organs is important. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected between January 2010 and July 2015 from Ajou University Hospital. We retrospectively analyzed the PSA levels and prostate biopsy results in 111 male brain-dead organ donors (mean age, 48.4 years). RESULTS The mean PSA level was 7.395 ng/mL (range, 0.062 to 61.780; reference, 0 to 4 ng/mL). Ultrasonography or computed tomographic examination did not reveal prostate cancer, and a rectal examination was not performed. After checking the PSA levels, prostate biopsies were performed in 16 patients based on the recommendations of a urologist, and 4 patients (3.6% of 111) were diagnosed with prostate cancer. All cancers involved adenocarcinomas (acinar type) histopathologically. In 2 patients, the Gleason score was 6 (3 + 3), whereas the other 2 showed a score of 7 (3 + 4). Among the patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, 1 donated his liver and corneas, and the remaining 3 could not donate. CONCLUSION Well-defined cancer screening tests are needed in Korea. Additionally, when the probability of organ transplantation-induced cancer metastasis is low or a recipient is at a high risk owing to not receiving organs, the law should allow organ donation even if prostate cancer is diagnosed in the donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - J-M Lee
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - W J Lee
- Brain-Dead Organ Donation Coordinator, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Y B Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Y G Min
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Kim JH, Son YD, Kim JM, Kim HK, Kim YB, Lee C, Oh CH. Interregional correlations of glucose metabolism between the basal ganglia and different cortical areas: an ultra-high resolution PET/MRI fusion study using 18F-FDG. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 51:e6724. [PMID: 29160415 PMCID: PMC5685063 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Basal ganglia have complex functional connections with the cerebral cortex and are involved in motor control, executive functions of the forebrain, such as the planning of movement, and cognitive behaviors based on their connections. The aim of this study was to provide detailed functional correlation patterns between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex by conducting an interregional correlation analysis of the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) data based on precise structural information. Fifteen participants were scanned with 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high resolution research tomography (HRRT)-PET fusion system using 18F-FDG. For detailed interregional correlation analysis, 24 subregions of the basal ganglia including pre-commissural dorsal caudate, post-commissural caudate, pre-commissural dorsal putamen, post-commissural putamen, internal globus pallidus, and external globus pallidus and 80 cerebral regions were selected as regions of interest on the MRI image and their glucose metabolism were calculated from the PET images. Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis was conducted for the interregional correlation analysis of the basal ganglia. Functional correlation patterns between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex were not only consistent with the findings of previous studies, but also showed new functional correlation between the dorsal striatum (i.e., caudate nucleus and putamen) and insula. In this study, we established the detailed basal ganglia subregional functional correlation patterns using 18F-FDG PET/MRI fusion imaging. Our methods and results could potentially be an important resource for investigating basal ganglia dysfunction as well as for conducting functional studies in the context of movement and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Y D Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - J M Kim
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - H K Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Y B Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - C Lee
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - C H Oh
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
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Abstract
An attempt has been made to identify molecular markers of intrahepatic cholestasis in mice employing phalloidin as a cholestatic agent. Phalloidin was administered to BALB/c mice at three predetermined dose: 250 μg/kg, 500 μg/kg, and 1 mg/kg for 1, 3, and 7 days. Liver function was estimated to confirm cholestasis. Histopathological observations on liver were also made to confirm liver injury. Phalloidin at 1 mg/kg for 7 days was found to induce cholestasis. Therefore gene expression studies were confined to this group only. A total of 88 genes were found to be affected by phalloidin. These were the genes associated with cytoskeleton regulation as well as tight junction, focal adhesion, and ATP-binding cassette transporters. Such proteins obstruct the removal of bile components from hepatocytes to the bile canaliculus or blood. Phalloidin treatment did not affect the proteins responsible for cell maintenance or death. The authors show that phalloidin-induced intrahepatic cholestasis is manifested by disturbing the cytoskeleton. The set of genes up-regulated by phalloidin can be considered as molecular markers of intrahepatic cholestasis. The observations are further expected to be helpful in the management of cholestatic pharmaceuticals and associated problems of liver diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sun Lim
- Toxicogenomics Team, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Shim G, Miao W, Ko S, Park GT, Kim JY, Kim MG, Kim YB, Oh YK. Immune-camouflaged graphene oxide nanosheets for negative regulation of phagocytosis by macrophages. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6666-6675. [PMID: 32264429 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00648a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) is highly expressed in macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system and in tumor-associated macrophages, whereas tumor cells express the surface membrane protein, CD47, which interacts with SIRPα to negatively regulate phagocytosis. In this study, we modified the surfaces of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets with a CD47-like SIRPα-binding peptide (SP). The presence of SP on GO nanosheets reduced the macrophage uptake to a greater extent than the PEGylation of such nanosheets. This reduced uptake was found to be mediated by the activation of Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) and the downstream inhibition of myosin assembly, which is necessary for phagosome formation. Unlike SP-coated GO nanosheets, PEGylated GO nanosheets did not affect myosin assembly or phagocytosis. After in vivo systemic administration, the clearance of SP-coated GO nanosheets was slower than that of PEGylated GO nanosheets, and this difference increased with repeated administration. Finally, SP-coated GO nanosheets showed a higher distribution to tumor tissues than PEGylated GO nanosheets or a physical mixture of SP and GO nanosheets. Our findings indicate that immune-camouflaged GO nanosheets with natural CD47-like SIRPα-binding molecules can reduce the nonspecific loss of such nanosheets through macrophage uptake, thereby enhancing their blood circulation and tumor delivery after multiple injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Jang GY, Kim YB, Wi H, Oh TI, Chung CR, Suh GY, Woo EJ. Imaging of regional air distributions in porcine lungs using high-performance electrical impedance tomography system. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017; 2017:349-351. [PMID: 29059882 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8036834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) allows functional imaging of regional lung ventilation for real-time bedside monitoring of mechanically ventilated patients. Images showing time-changes of regional air distributions in the lungs can provide valuable diagnostic information for lung protective mechanical ventilation. This paper reports in vivo porcine imaging experiments of regional lung ventilation using a 16-channel parallel EIT system. Real-time time-difference chest images of 10 animals were reconstructed during mechanical ventilations with a temporal resolution of 50 frame/s. Analyzing the images together with the airway volume-pressure information from the mechanical ventilator, we could successfully produce regional compliance images at PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure) titration. From in vivo animal experiments, we propose the method as a continuous monitoring means for LPV (lung protective ventilation).
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Cho Y, Kim KH, Yoon HI, Kim GE, Kim YB. Tumor-related leukocytosis is associated with poor radiation response and clinical outcome in uterine cervical cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:2067-2074. [PMID: 27502717 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate response to radiation and clinical outcome of uterine cervical cancer patients with tumor-related leukocytosis (TRL) at initial diagnosis and during definitive radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 2456 patients with stage IA-IVA uterine cervical cancer who received definitive radiotherapy with (37.4%) or without (62.6%) platinum-based chemotherapy between 1986 and 2012. TRL was defined as two or more occurrences of leukocytosis over 9000/μl at the time of diagnosis and during the course of treatment. Locoregional failure-free survival (LFFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients with or without TRL. RESULTS The median age of all patients was 55 years, and the median follow-up time was 65.1 months. TRL was observed in 398 patients (16%) at initial diagnosis; TRL (+) patients were younger and had larger tumors, advanced stage, and more frequent lymph node metastases (all P < 0.05). TRL (+) patients showed a significantly lower rate of complete remission than TRL (-) patients (89.9% versus 96.3%, respectively, P = 0.042). Ten-year LFFS and OS for all patients were 84% and 78%, respectively. LFFS and OS were significantly lower in TRL (+) patients than TRL (-) patients (10-year LFFS: 69% versus 87% respectively, P < 0.001; 10-year OS: 63% versus 81% respectively P < 0.001). After propensity score matching, LFFS and OS rates in TRL (+) patients remained significantly lower than for TRL (-) patients; this significant difference was also observed on multivariate analysis. Twenty-six percent of patients with locoregional failure (n = 345) were TRL (+) and had significantly poorer median OS (6 versus 12 months, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION This study reveals the aggressive nature of cervical cancer with TRL and its poor response to radiation therapy. Given the unfavorable prognosis and higher probability of treatment failure, optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and careful monitoring for early detection of recurrence should be considered for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - K H Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - H I Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - G E Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Y B Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul .,Yonsei Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Han JS, Lee BS, Han SR, Han HY, Chung MK, Min BS, Seok JH, Kim YB. A subchronic toxicity study of Radix Dipsaci water extract by oral administration in F344 rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 81:136-145. [PMID: 27477088 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Radix Dipsaci, the dried root of Dipsacus asperoides C.Y. Cheng & T.M.Ai, has therapeutic effects on various disorders, and in particular, bone and joint disease. Despite such ethnomedicinal benefits, there is very little information regarding its in vivo toxicity or adverse effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential toxicity of the Radix Dipsaci water Extract (RD-wE) by using F344 rats. The RD-wE was administered orally to rats at doses of 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day for 13 weeks. During the treatment period there were no mortalities attributed to RD-wE. Moreover, no toxic effects were observed with regard to body weight, clinical pathology (hematology, clinical biochemistry, and urinalysis), and anatomic pathology (gross findings, organ weight, and microscopic examination). The changes related to the treatment were excessive salivation at the mouth and soft feces, observed in male and female rats at 1000 or 2000 mg/kg bw/day, but these were not accompanied by any microscopic correlate or other pathophysiological changes. Based on these results, the oral no-observed-adverse-effect level of the RD-wE was considered to be 2000 mg/kg bw/day in both genders, although the target organs were not determined under the current experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seok Han
- Research Center for Toxicologic Pathology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Research Center for Toxicologic Pathology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ri Han
- Research Center for General and Applied Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Yun Han
- Research Center for General and Applied Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Koo Chung
- Research Center for General and Applied Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, 13-13 Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 712-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Seok
- Toxicological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Research Center for Toxicologic Pathology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, Republic of Korea.
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Yoon JK, Choi J, Lee HJ, Cho Y, Gwon YD, Jang Y, Kim S, Choi H, Lee JH, Kim YB. Distribution of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus in Different Organs of the Hybrid of a Landrace and a Jeju Domestic Pig in Korea. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:2067-71. [PMID: 26293098 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation offers a solution to the shortage of available organs for transplantation, and the pig represents an ideal source of such organs. However, porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), whose genome is integrated in pigs, has been suggested to pose a potential risk of xenotransmission. Expression of PERVs in different organs of pigs was carefully measured at DNA, mRNA, and protein levels, providing information valuable for the application of pig organs in xenotransplantation. An analysis of PERV DNA showed that a very similar number of PERV copies was present in the genome of all organs, whereas mRNA and protein levels of PERV varied depending on the organ, with kidney, liver, and spleen expressing high levels of both mRNA and protein. In contrast, mRNA and protein levels were dissimilar in the lung and brain, where mRNA levels were low but protein levels were high. This discrepancy indicates that mRNA levels are not always reflected in protein expression. In addition, the difference between mRNA and protein highlights the importance of choosing the proper analysis method for diagnosing viral infection. In summary, this study provides insight into the distribution of PERV in various organs at the DNA, mRNA, and protein levels, and also informs the proper selection of tissues or organs for future clinical xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Yoon
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Choi
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Lee
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Cho
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y D Gwon
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Jang
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Choi
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y B Kim
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
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Jeong ES, Kim G, Moon KS, Kim YB, Oh JH, Kim HS, Jeong J, Shin JG, Kim DH. Characterization of urinary metabolites as biomarkers of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach. Toxicol Lett 2016; 248:52-60. [PMID: 26947560 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colistin is a polypeptide antibiotic that effectively treats infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, but its clinical use is limited due to nephrotoxicity. The purpose of the present study was to identify biomarkers of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and to further characterize the mechanisms underlying this process by analyzing urinary metabolites using untargeted metabolomic approach. Rats receiving intraperitoneal administration of colistin sodium methanesulfonate (CMS) (25 or 50mg/kg) exhibited histopathological changes in the kidney and increased blood urea nitrogen levels. Additionally, the levels of phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine in the urine of the CMS-treated group were significantly higher than those of the control group, suggesting that colistin caused proximal tubular damage. Urinary acetylcarnitine and butyrylcarnitine levels also increased after CMS treatment, but the levels of purine metabolites and metabolites related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle were reduced. The most significant increase in the CMS-treated groups was observed in creatine levels. CMS-induced selective nephrotoxicity may be attributed to relatively high tissue concentrations of colistin in the kidney. Taken together, our results indicate that high levels of colistin in the kidney caused perturbations in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism, creatine metabolism, and purine metabolism and ultimately led to kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research center, Inje University, College of Medicine, Bokjiro 75, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735 South Korea
| | - Gabin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research center, Inje University, College of Medicine, Bokjiro 75, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735 South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, South Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, South Korea
| | - Ho-Sook Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research center, Inje University, College of Medicine, Bokjiro 75, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735 South Korea
| | - Jayoung Jeong
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, South Korea
| | - Jae-Gook Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research center, Inje University, College of Medicine, Bokjiro 75, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735 South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research center, Inje University, College of Medicine, Bokjiro 75, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735 South Korea.
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46
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Lee BS, Park SJ, Kim YB, Han JS, Jeong EJ, Moon KS, Son HY. A 28-day oral gavage toxicity study of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in CB6F1-non-Tg rasH2 mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Kim YB, Suh DH, Kim K, No JH. Case Selection Is a Fundamental Prerequisite to the Successful Surmounting of Learning Curve of Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: A Matched-Case Comparison in a Single Institution. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015; 22:S97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2015.08.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Lee MY, Seo CS, Kim YB, Shin HK. Safety assessment of Guibi-tang: Subchronic toxicity study in Crl:CD SD rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:485-93. [PMID: 26432010 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Guibi-tang (Kihi-To in Japanese and Qui-Pi-Tang in Chinese) is a multiherbal traditional Korean medicinal formula used for treatment of amnesia, fatigue, poor memory or forgetfulness, anemia, insomnia, and necrosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate potential safety, if any, of subchronic administration of Guibi-tang aqueous extract (GBT) in laboratory animals. For this study, 0, 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg/day of GBT was administered to Crl:CD Sprague Dawley rats (10/sex/group) for 13 weeks via oral gavage. Administration of the GBT did not result in any mortality, body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, clinical or ophthalmological signs or changes in urinalysis, gross findings, or organ weight. However, histopathology revealed forestomach hyperplasia and duodenum mucosal hyperplasia in rats of both sexes at the highest dose of GBT, 5000 mg/kg/day. Therefore, the no-observed-adverse-effect level in rats was established for GBT at 2000 mg/kg/day under the conditions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 483 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 483 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Division of Non-clinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, P.O.Box 123, 100 Jangdong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 483 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
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Hwang SM, Park SM, Jeong JS, Moon KS, Kim YB, Yoon S, Oh JH. Comparative gene expression analysis in the liver, kidney and blood vessels during renal injury after repeated exposure to tacrolimus in Sprague-Dawley rats. BioChip J 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-015-9209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Jeong ES, Kim G, Shin HJ, Park SM, Oh JH, Kim YB, Moon KS, Choi HK, Jeong J, Shin JG, Kim DH. Increased serum bile acid concentration following low-dose chronic administration of thioacetamide in rats, as evidenced by metabolomic analysis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26222700 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS)-based metabolomics approach was employed to identify endogenous metabolites as potential biomarkers for thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury. TAA (10 and 30mg/kg), a well-known hepatotoxic agent, was administered daily to male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for 28days. We then conducted untargeted analyses of endogenous serum and liver metabolites. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed on serum and liver samples to evaluate metabolites associated with TAA-induced perturbation. TAA administration resulted in altered levels of bile acids, acyl carnitines, and phospholipids in serum and in the liver. We subsequently demonstrated and confirmed the occurrence of compromised bile acid homeostasis. TAA treatment significantly increased serum levels of conjugated bile acids in a dose-dependent manner, which correlated well with toxicity. However, hepatic levels of these metabolites were not substantially changed. Gene expression profiling showed that the hepatic mRNA levels of Ntcp, Bsep, and Oatp1b2 were significantly suppressed, whereas those of basolateral Mrp3 and Mrp4 were increased. Decreased levels of Ntcp, Oatp1b2, and Ostα proteins in the liver were confirmed by western blot analysis. These results suggest that serum bile acids might be increased due to the inhibition of bile acid enterohepatic circulation rather than increased endogenous bile acid synthesis. Moreover, serum bile acids are a good indicator of TAA-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University, College of Medicine, Bokjiro 75, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University, College of Medicine, Bokjiro 75, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jung Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University, College of Medicine, Bokjiro 75, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Myo Park
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Jeong
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gook Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University, College of Medicine, Bokjiro 75, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University, College of Medicine, Bokjiro 75, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea.
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