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Li K, Zhou Y, Huang X, Xiao H, Shan Y. Low-carbon development pathways for resource-based cities in China under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:10213-10233. [PMID: 37402922 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Resource-based cities are important strategic bases for securing resources in China and have made great contributions to the country's economic development. Long-term extensive resource development has made resource-based cities an important region constraining China from achieving comprehensive low-carbon development. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the low-carbon transition path of resource-based cities for their energy greening, industrial transformation, and high-quality economic development. This study compiled the CO2 emission inventory of resource-based cities in China from 2005 to 2017, explored the contribution to CO2 emissions from three perspectives (driver, industry, and city), and predicted the peak of CO2 emissions in resource-based cities. The results show that resource-based cities contribute 18.4% of the country's GDP and emit 44.4% of the country's CO2 and that economic growth and CO2 emissions have not yet been decoupled. The per capita CO2 emissions and emission intensity of resource-based cities are 1.8 times and 2.4 times higher than the national average, respectively. Economic growth and energy intensity are the biggest drivers and main inhibitors of CO2 emissions growth. Industrial restructuring has become the biggest inhibitor of CO2 emissions growth. Based on the different resource endowments, industrial structures, and socio-economic development levels of resource-based cities, we propose differentiated low-carbon transition pathways. This study can provide references for cities to develop differentiated low-carbon development paths under the "double carbon" target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Li
- Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Shanghai Eco-Carbon Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xuanhao Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huijuan Xiao
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Special Administration Region, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Shen Y, Shi X, Zhao Z, Xu J, Sun Y, Liao Z, Li Y, Shan Y. A dataset of low-carbon energy transition index for Chinese cities 2003-2019. Sci Data 2023; 10:906. [PMID: 38104204 PMCID: PMC10725502 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cities are at the heart of climate change mitigation as they account for over 70% of global carbon emissions. However, cities vary in their energy systems and socioeconomic capacities to transition to renewable energy. To address this heterogeneity, this study proposes an Energy Transition Index (ETI) specifically designed for cities, and applies it to track the progress of energy transition in Chinese cities. The city-level ETI framework is based on the national ETI developed by the World Economic Forum (WEF) and comprises two sub-indexes: the Energy System Performance sub-index, which evaluates the current status of cities' energy systems in terms of energy transition, and the Transition Readiness sub-index, which assesses their socioeconomic capacity for future energy transition. The initial version of the dataset includes ETI and its sub-indexes for 282 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2019, with annual updates planned. The spatiotemporal data provided by the dataset facilitates research into the energy transition roadmap for different cities, which can help China achieve its energy transition goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Shen
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xunpeng Shi
- Australia-China Relations Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, Australia.
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- School of Finance, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 58 Sangyuan Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jinghang Xu
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yongping Sun
- Institute of State Governance, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhenliang Liao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yingzhu Li
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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3
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Zheng H, Zhang Z, Dietzenbacher E, Zhou Y, Többen J, Feng K, Moran D, Jiang M, Shan Y, Wang D, Liu X, Li L, Zhao D, Meng J, Ou J, Guan D. Leveraging opportunity of low carbon transition by super-emitter cities in China. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2456-2466. [PMID: 37620230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cities are core in the national carbon mitigation and largely affect global decarbonisation initiatives, yet disparities between cities challenge country-wide progress. Low-carbon transition should preferably lead to a convergence of both equity and mitigation targets among cities. Inter-city supply chains that link the production and consumption of cities are a factor in shaping inequality and mitigation but less considered aggregately. Here, we modelled supply chains of 309 Chinese cities for 2012 to quantify carbon footprint inequality, as well as explored a leverage opportunity to achieve an inclusive low-carbon transition. We revealed significant carbon inequalities: the 10 richest cities in China have per capita carbon footprints comparable to the US level, while half of the Chinese cities sit below the global average. Inter-city supply chains in China, which are associated with 80% of carbon emissions, imply substantial carbon leakage risks and also contribute to socioeconomic disparities. However, the significant carbon inequality implies a leveraging opportunity that substantial mitigation can be achieved by 32 super-emitting cities. If the super-emitting cities adopt their differentiated mitigation pathway based on affluence, industrial structure, and role of supply chains, up to 1.4 Gt carbon quota can be created, raising 30% of the projected carbon quota to carbon peak. The additional carbon quota allows the average living standard of the other 60% of Chinese people to reach an upper-middle-income level, highlighting collaborative mechanism at the city level has a great potential to lead to a convergence of both equity and mitigation targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heran Zheng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1H 0QB, UK
| | - Zengkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Erik Dietzenbacher
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, Netherlands
| | - Ya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Johannes Többen
- Gesellschaft für Wirtschaftliche Strukturforschung mbH, Osnabrck 49080, Germany; Social Metabolism and Impacts, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam 14412, Germany
| | - Kuishuang Feng
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park MD 20742, USA
| | - Daniel Moran
- The Climate and Environmental Research Institute NILU, Lillestrøm 2007, Norway; Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7010, Norway
| | - Meng Jiang
- Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7010, Norway
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Daoping Wang
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Research and Promotion Center for Green and Low-carbon Development, Environmental Development Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1H 0QB, UK.
| | - Jiamin Ou
- Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CS, Netherlands
| | - Dabo Guan
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1H 0QB, UK; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Zhao C, Liu B, Wang J, Xue R, Shan Y, Cui C, Dong X, Dong K. Emission accounting and drivers in Central Asian countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:102894-102909. [PMID: 37672161 PMCID: PMC10567892 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging countries are at the frontier of climate change actions, and carbon emissions accounting provides a quantifiable measure of the environmental impact of economic activities, which allows for comparisons of emissions across different entities. However, currently there is no study covering detailed emissions inventories for emerging countries in Central Asian. This paper compiles detailed and accurate carbon emissions inventories in several Central Asian countries (i.e., Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Palestine, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan) during the period 2010-2020. Using the IPCC administrative territorial approach, we for the first time compile their emissions inventories in 47 economic sectors and five energy categories. Moreover, we also investigate decoupling status based on Tapio decoupling model and examine emissions driving factors based on the index decomposition analysis method. The primary results illustrate that carbon emissions in Central Asian countries are increasing with huge differences. Decoupling results highlight that most of the sample countries still need more effort to decouple the economy and emissions except that Pakistan achieves an ideal strong decoupling state. The results of the decomposition indicate that the economy and population both raise emissions, while energy intensity and carbon intensity are negative drivers in some countries. We propose practical policy implications for decarbonization and energy transition roadmap in Central Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Zhao
- School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, 100029, China
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Binyuan Liu
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747, AG, the Netherlands
| | - Jieyu Wang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Xue
- La Trobe Business School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiucheng Dong
- School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kangyin Dong
- School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, 100029, China
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5
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Lu H, Xu ZD, Song K, Frank Cheng Y, Dong S, Fang H, Peng H, Fu Y, Xi D, Han Z, Jiang X, Dong YR, Gai P, Shan Z, Shan Y. Greenhouse gas emissions from U.S. crude oil pipeline accidents: 1968 to 2020. Sci Data 2023; 10:563. [PMID: 37620343 PMCID: PMC10450021 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Crude oil pipelines are considered as the lifelines of energy industry. However, accidents of the pipelines can lead to severe public health and environmental concerns, in which greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, primarily methane, are frequently overlooked. While previous studies examined fugitive emissions in normal operation of crude oil pipelines, emissions resulting from accidents were typically managed separately and were therefore not included in the emission account of oil systems. To bridge this knowledge gap, we employed a bottom-up approach to conducted the first-ever inventory of GHG emissions resulting from crude oil pipeline accidents in the United States at the state level from 1968 to 2020, and leveraged Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the associated uncertainties. Our results reveal that GHG emissions from accidents in gathering pipelines (~720,000 tCO2e) exceed those from transmission pipelines (~290,000 tCO2e), although significantly more accidents have occurred in transmission pipelines (6883 cases) than gathering pipelines (773 cases). Texas accounted for over 40% of total accident-related GHG emissions nationwide. Our study contributes to enhanced accuracy of the GHG account associated with crude oil transport and implementing the data-driven climate mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Lu
- China-Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructures, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhao-Dong Xu
- China-Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructures, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Kaihui Song
- Data-Driven EnviroLab, School of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Y Frank Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shaohua Dong
- School of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Hongyuan Fang
- Yellow River Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Haoyan Peng
- China-Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructures, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yun Fu
- School of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Dongmin Xi
- China-Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructures, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zizhe Han
- China-Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructures, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xinmeng Jiang
- China-Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructures, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yao-Rong Dong
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Panpan Gai
- School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhiwei Shan
- China-Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructures, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Wang B, Li H, Ma J, Zhang B, Zhuge C, Shan Y. Trade-Offs between Direct Emission Reduction and Intersectoral Additional Emissions: Evidence from the Electrification Transition in China's Transport Sector. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:11389-11400. [PMID: 37343129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrifying the transport sector is crucial for reducing CO2 emissions and achieving Paris Agreement targets. This largely depends on rapid decarbonization in power plants; however, we often overlook the trade-offs between reduced transportation emissions and additional energy-supply sector emissions induced by electrification. Here, we developed a framework for China's transport sector, including analyzing driving factors of historical CO2 emissions, collecting energy-related parameters of numerous vehicles based on the field- investigation, and assessing the energy-environment impacts of electrification policies with national heterogeneity. We find holistic electrification in China's transport sector will cause substantial cumulative CO2 emission reduction (2025-2075), equivalent to 19.8-42% of global annual emissions, but with a 2.2-16.1 GtCO2 net increase considering the additional emissions in energy-supply sectors. It also leads to a 5.1- to 6.7-fold increase in electricity demand, and the resulting CO2 emissions far surpass the emission reduction achieved. Only under 2 and 1.5 °C scenarios, forcing further decarbonization in the energy supply sectors, will the holistic electrification of transportation have a robust mitigation effect, -2.5 to -7.0 Gt and -6.4 to -11.3 Gt net-negative emissions, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that electrifying the transport sector cannot be a one-size-fits-all policy, requiring synergistically decarbonization efforts in the energy-supply sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Wang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Center for Sustainable Development and Smart Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing100081, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Center for Sustainable Development and Smart Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Center for Sustainable Development and Smart Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing100081, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Center for Sustainable Development and Smart Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junhua Ma
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Center for Sustainable Development and Smart Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Center for Sustainable Development and Smart Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chengxiang Zhuge
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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Li S, Cui C, Meng J, Li Y, Shan Y, Zhao W, Parikh P, Yao J, Guan D. The heterogeneous driving forces behind carbon emissions change in 30 selective emerging economies. Patterns (N Y) 2023; 4:100760. [PMID: 37521048 PMCID: PMC10382947 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2023.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Emerging economies are predicted to be future emission hotspots due to expected levels of urbanization and industrialization, and their CO2 emissions are receiving more scrutiny. However, the driving forces underlying dynamic change in emissions are poorly understood, despite their crucial role in developing targeted mitigating pathways. We firstly compile energy-related emissions of 30 selective emerging economies from 2010 to 2018. Then, three growth patterns of emissions in these economies have been identified through emission data, which imply different low-carbon pathways. Most emerging economies saw an increase of varying degrees in emissions, driven by economic growth and partly offset by better energy efficiency and improvements in energy mixes. Furthermore, the industrial structure was another factor that slowed emissions, especially in Latin America and the Caribbean. Our research contributes to the heterogeneous exploration of CO2 emissions produced by energy among sectors and the creation of low-carbon development pathways in emerging economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Li
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Weihai Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Weihai Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Weichen Zhao
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Priti Parikh
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Jiawei Yao
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dabo Guan
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
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Li Y, Zhong H, Shan Y, Hang Y, Wang D, Zhou Y, Hubacek K. Changes in global food consumption increase GHG emissions despite efficiency gains along global supply chains. Nat Food 2023:10.1038/s43016-023-00768-z. [PMID: 37322300 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to food consumption complement production-based or territorial accounts by capturing carbon leaked through trade. Here we evaluate global consumption-based food emissions between 2000 and 2019 and underlying drivers using a physical trade flow approach and structural decomposition analysis. In 2019, emissions throughout global food supply chains reached 30 ±9% of anthropogenic GHG emissions, largely triggered by beef and dairy consumption in rapidly developing countries-while per capita emissions in developed countries with a high percentage of animal-based food declined. Emissions outsourced through international food trade dominated by beef and oil crops increased by ~1 Gt CO2 equivalent, mainly driven by increased imports by developing countries. Population growth and per capita demand increase were key drivers to the global emissions increase (+30% and +19%, respectively) while decreasing emissions intensity from land-use activities was the major factor to offset emissions growth (-39%). Climate change mitigation may depend on incentivizing consumer and producer choices to reduce emissions-intensive food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxian Li
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Honglin Zhong
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Weihai Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Ye Hang
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- College of Economics and Management & Research Centre for Soft Energy Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yannan Zhou
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Klaus Hubacek
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Peng K, Feng K, Chen B, Shan Y, Zhang N, Wang P, Fang K, Bai Y, Zou X, Wei W, Geng X, Zhang Y, Li J. The global power sector's low-carbon transition may enhance sustainable development goal achievement. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3144. [PMID: 37253805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The low-carbon power transition, which is key to combatting climate change, has far-reaching effects on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in terms of issues such as resource use, environmental emissions, employment, and many more. Here, we assess the potential impacts of the power transition on progress toward achieving multiple SDGs (covering 18 targets across the 17 goals) across 49 economies under nine socioeconomic and climate scenarios. We find that the low-carbon power transition under the representative concentration pathway (RCP)2.6 scenarios could lead to an approximately 11% improvement in the global SDG index score from 54.70 in 2015 to 59.89-61.33 in 2100. However, the improvement would be significantly decreased to 4.42%-7.40% and 7.55%-8.93% under the RCP6.0 and RCP4.5 scenarios, respectively. The power transition could improve the overall SDG index in most developed economies under all scenarios while undermining their resource-related SDG scores. Power transition-induced changes in international trade would improve the SDG progress of developed economies but jeopardize that of developing economies, which usually serve as resource hubs for meeting the demand for low-carbon power transition in developed economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Peng
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Kuishuang Feng
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Fudan Tyndall Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Kai Fang
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanchao Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Xiaowei Zou
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Wendong Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xinyi Geng
- Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Maintenance of Power Equipment, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China.
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10
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Li R, Liu M, Shan Y, Shi Y, Zheng H, Zhang W, Yang J, Fang W, Ma Z, Wang J, Bi J, Hubacek K. Large Virtual Transboundary Hazardous Waste Flows: The Case of China. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:8161-8173. [PMID: 37192406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Basel Convention and prior studies mainly focused on the physical transboundary movements of hazardous waste (transporting waste from one region to another for cheaper disposal). Here, we take China, the world's largest waste producer, as an example and reveal the virtual hazardous waste flows in trade (outsourcing waste by importing waste-intensive products) by developing a multiregional input-output model. Our model characterizes the impact of international trade between China and 140 economies and China's interprovincial trade on hazardous waste generated by 161,599 Chinese enterprises. We find that, in 2015, virtual hazardous waste flows in China's trade reached 26.6 million tons (67% of the national total), of which 31% were generated during the production of goods that were ultimately consumed abroad. Trade-related production is much dirtier than locally consumed production, generating 26% more hazardous waste per unit of GDP. Under the impact of virtual flows, 40% of the waste-intensive production and relevant disposal duty is unequally concentrated in three Chinese provinces (including two least-developed ones, Qinghai and Xinjiang). Our findings imply the importance of expanding the scope of transboundary waste regulations and provide a quantitative basis for introducing consumer responsibilities. This may help relieve waste management burdens in less-developed "waste havens".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Yufan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Heran Zheng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, U.K
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Klaus Hubacek
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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11
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Lu H, Xu ZD, Cheng YF, Peng H, Xi D, Jiang X, Ma X, Dai J, Shan Y. An inventory of greenhouse gas emissions due to natural gas pipeline incidents in the United States and Canada from 1980s to 2021. Sci Data 2023; 10:282. [PMID: 37179408 PMCID: PMC10183021 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural gas is believed to be a critical transitional energy source. However, natural gas pipelines, once failed, will contribute to a large amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including methane from uncontrolled natural gas venting and carbon dioxide from flared natural gas. However, the GHG emissions caused by pipeline incidents are not included in the regular inventories, making the counted GHG amount deviate from the reality. This study, for the first time, establishes an inventory framework for GHG emissions including all natural gas pipeline incidents in the two of the largest gas producers and consumers in North America (United States and Canada) from 1980s to 2021. The inventory comprises GHG emissions resulting from gathering and transmission pipeline incidents in a total of 24 states or regions in the United States between 1970 and 2021, local distribution pipeline incidents in 22 states or regions between 1970 and 2021, as well as natural gas pipeline incidents in a total of 7 provinces or regions in Canada between 1979 and 2021. These datasets can improve the accuracy of regular emission inventories by covering more emission sources in the United States and Canada and provide essential information for climate-oriented pipeline integrity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Lu
- China-Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructures, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhao-Dong Xu
- China-Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructures, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Y Frank Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Haoyan Peng
- China-Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructures, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Dongmin Xi
- China-Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructures, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xinmeng Jiang
- China-Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructures, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xin Ma
- School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Jun Dai
- China-Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructures, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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12
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Ye Q, Krol MS, Shan Y, Schyns JF, Berger M, Hubacek K. Allocating capital-associated CO 2 emissions along the full lifespan of capital investments helps diffuse emission responsibility. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2727. [PMID: 37169782 PMCID: PMC10173932 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Capital assets such as machinery and infrastructure contribute substantially to CO2 emissions over their lifetime. Unique features of capital assets such as their long durability complicate the assignment of capital-associated CO2 emissions to final beneficiaries. Whereas conventional approaches allocate emissions required to produce capital assets to the year of formation, we propose an alternative perspective through allocating required emissions from the production of assets over their entire lifespans. We show that allocating CO2 emissions embodied in capital assets over time relieves emission responsibility for the year of formation, with 25‒46% reductions from conventional emission accounts. This temporal allocation, although virtual, is important for assessing the equity of CO2 emissions across generations due to the inertia of capital assets. To re-allocate emission responsibilities to the future, we design three capital investment scenarios with different investment purposes until 2030. Overall, the existing capital in 2017 will still carry approximately 10% responsibilities of China's CO2 emissions in 2030, and could reach more than 40% for capital-intensive service sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanliang Ye
- Multidisciplinary Water Management, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Planning, Aalborg University, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Maarten S Krol
- Multidisciplinary Water Management, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Joep F Schyns
- Multidisciplinary Water Management, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Berger
- Multidisciplinary Water Management, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus Hubacek
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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13
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Tian J, Cheng Q, Xue R, Han Y, Shan Y. A dataset on corporate sustainability disclosure. Sci Data 2023; 10:182. [PMID: 37002227 PMCID: PMC10064614 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterprises, as key emitters, play a vital role in promoting sustainable development. Corporate sustainability disclosure provides a key channel for stakeholders to gain insights into a company's sustainability progress. However, few studies have been conducted to measure sustainability disclosure at the firm level. In this study, we apply the machine learning techniques to listed companies' management discussion and analysis (MD&A) documents and construct a dataset on corporate sustainability disclosure, including the Corporate Sustainability Disclosure Index (CSDI), CSDI_Economic Dimension (CSDI_ECO), CSDI_Environmental Dimension (CSDI_ENV), and CSDI_Social Dimension (CSDI_SOCI). The dataset will be updated annually. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first sustainability disclosure dataset constructed at the firm level. Our dataset reflects corporate managements' sustainability attitudes and promotes the implementation of corporate sustainability strategies and subsequent sustainable economic and social outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Tian
- Research Center for Statistics and Interdisciplinary Sciences | School of Statistics and Mathematics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Research Center for Statistics and Interdisciplinary Sciences | School of Statistics and Mathematics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Centre for Corporate Sustainability and Environmental Finance, Department of Applied Finance, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Yilong Han
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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14
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Yang Y, Xue R, Zhang X, Cheng Y, Shan Y. Can the marketization of urban land transfer improve energy efficiency? J Environ Manage 2023; 329:117126. [PMID: 36566731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Local government intervention in land resource allocation can lead to the misallocation of land resources and serious pollutant emissions. As an important market-oriented economic reform in China, the marketization of urban land transfer (MULT) might have the potential to contribute to improving resource allocation efficiency by curbing local government intervention. Therefore, this study aims to provide empirical evidence on the impact of MULT on energy efficiency. We improve the MULT evaluation method to test the mechanism through which MULT affects energy efficiency. The results show that, first, the proportion of land sold by allocation and listing methods, which is characterized by a low degree of marketization, has rapidly increased in recent years, lowering the overall level of MULT. Second, MULT has a direct and significant positive impact on improving energy efficiency. Third, the mechanism analysis indicates that MULT helps enhance energy efficiency by advancing industrial structure optimization and technological progress. Moreover, the heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the impact of MULT on improving energy efficiency differs significantly in different reform stages and between central and peripheral cities. This study sheds light on the importance of land resource allocation in improving energy efficiency and thus has practical policy implications for promoting low-carbon energy transition in emerging countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Yang
- School of Management, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Centre for Corporate Sustainability and Environmental Finance, Department of Applied Finance, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | | | - Yutai Cheng
- School of Statistics, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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15
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Liu B, Guan Y, Shan Y, Cui C, Hubacek K. Emission growth and drivers in Mainland Southeast Asian countries. J Environ Manage 2023; 329:117034. [PMID: 36549058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mainland Southeast Asian (MSEA) countries (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, and Vietnam) are likely to become one of the next hotspots for emission reduction, since CO2 emissions in this area will have a two-thirds increase by 2040 due to rapid economy growth and associated energy consumption. As one of the most vulnerable areas to climate change, MSEA countries need to develop low-carbon roadmaps based on accurate emission data. This study provides emission inventories for MSEA countries for 2010-2019, based on the IPCC territorial emission accounting approach , including emissions from five types of fuels (i.e., coal, crude oil, oil products, natural gas, and biofuels & waste) used in 47 economic sectors. The results show that the emissions in MSEA countries are on the rise, with average annual growth rates ranging from 2.5% in Thailand to 19.3% in Laos. Biomass is one of the most important sources of carbon emissions, contributing between 11.8% and 76.7% of total carbon emissions, but its share has been declining in most countries, whereas the share of emissions from coal has risen sharply in Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. We further examine the drivers behind the changes in emissions using index decomposition analysis. Economic growth was the strongest driver of growth in emissions, while population growth has only had a small effect on emission growth. Energy intensity varies widely across nations, but only significantly reduced CO2 emission growth in Thailand. The secondary sector considerable contributed to an increase in CO2 emissions in Laos and Vietnam, while the tertiary sector only moderately contributed to emissions in Thailand. Our study provides a better understanding of the composition and underlying factors of emission growth in MSEA countries, this could shape their low-carbon development pathway. Our results could also inform other emerging economies, which may become emission hotspots in the next decades, to develop low-carbon roadmaps, thereby contributing to the achievement of global climate change targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyuan Liu
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, the Netherlands
| | - Yuru Guan
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, the Netherlands
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Klaus Hubacek
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, the Netherlands
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16
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Zhang H, Zhang W, Lu Y, Wang Y, Shan Y, Ping L, Li H, Lee LC, Wang T, Liang C, Jiang H, Cao D. Worsening Carbon Inequality Embodied in Trade within China. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:863-873. [PMID: 36606532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The mismatch between trade-embodied economic benefits and CO2 emissions causes carbon inequality, which is seldom analyzed from the intracountry level, especially across a long-term period. This study applied an environmentally extended multiregional input-output model to trace this mismatch and measure the carbon inequality quantitatively within China during 2007-2017. The results show that during the past decade, China's national carbon inequality was continuously worsening with carbon Gini coefficients rising regardless of production- (0.21-0.30) or consumption-based (0.12-0.18) accounting. The regional carbon inequality was deteriorating, where less developed provinces with 20% of total value-added emitted 32.9% of total CO2 emissions in 2007, while this figure rose to 42.6% in 2017. The eastern provinces (Jiangsu and Shanghai) had entered into net economic and carbon beneficiaries keeping high trade advantages, by contrast the northwest provinces (Ningxia and Xinjiang) were trapped in a lose-lose situation with trade benefits declining by 68%. The southwest provinces (Yunnan and Guangxi) shifted from being net carbon and value-added exporters to net importers, stepping into the earlier development mode of eastern provinces. This hidden and exacerbated carbon inequality calls for regional-specific measures to avoid the dilemma of economic development and CO2 mitigation, which also gives a good reminder for the rising economies, like India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing100012, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing100012, China
- The Center for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Regional Environment, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing100012, China
| | - Yaling Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing100012, China
- The Center for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Regional Environment, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing100012, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, BirminghamB15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Liying Ping
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Heng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Lien-Chieh Lee
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi435003, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Chen Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Hongqiang Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing100012, China
- The Center for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Regional Environment, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing100012, China
| | - Dong Cao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing100012, China
- The Center for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Regional Environment, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing100012, China
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17
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Shen Y, Shi X, Zhao Z, Sun Y, Shan Y. Measuring the low-carbon energy transition in Chinese cities. iScience 2022; 26:105803. [PMID: 36594025 PMCID: PMC9803854 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cities' transition from fossil-based systems of energy production and consumption to renewable energy sources-the energy transition-is critical to mitigating climate change impact as cities' energy consumption and CO2 emissions account for two-thirds and over 70% of the world's total, respectively. Given cities' heterogeneity, they need specific low-carbon roadmaps instead of one-size-fits-all approaches. Here, we used an Energy Transition Index (ETI) to characterize the city-level energy transitions from energy system performance and transition readiness dimensions. The ETI scores for 282 cities in China revealed a significant heterogeneity across cities and over time, and the gap between the cities in the top and bottom quartiles was persistent. We estimated that China's energy and carbon intensity could decrease by 34% and 32%, respectively, and that carbon per capita could fall by 17% if each city modestly follows the sustainable development path forged by the best performing cities with similar economic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Shen
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xunpeng Shi
- Australia-China Relations Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia,Corresponding author
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- School of Finance, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 58 Sangyuan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yongping Sun
- Institute of State Governance, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,Corresponding author
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18
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Huo D, Liu K, Liu J, Huang Y, Sun T, Sun Y, Si C, Liu J, Huang X, Qiu J, Wang H, Cui D, Zhu B, Deng Z, Ke P, Shan Y, Boucher O, Dannet G, Liang G, Zhao J, Chen L, Zhang Q, Ciais P, Zhou W, Liu Z. Near-real-time daily estimates of fossil fuel CO 2 emissions from major high-emission cities in China. Sci Data 2022; 9:684. [PMCID: PMC9648454 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cities in China are on the frontline of low-carbon transition which requires monitoring city-level emissions with low-latency to support timely climate actions. Most existing CO2 emission inventories lag reality by more than one year and only provide annual totals. To improve the timeliness and temporal resolution of city-level emission inventories, we present Carbon Monitor Cities-China (CMCC), a near-real-time dataset of daily CO2 emissions from fossil fuel and cement production for 48 major high-emission cities in China. This dataset provides territory-based emission estimates from 2020-01-01 to 2021-12-31 for five sectors: power generation, residential (buildings and services), industry, ground transportation, and aviation. CMCC is developed based on an innovative framework that integrates bottom-up inventory construction and daily emission estimates from sectoral activities and models. Annual emissions show reasonable agreement with other datasets, and uncertainty ranges are estimated for each city and sector. CMCC provides valuable daily emission estimates that enable low-latency mitigation monitoring for cities in China. Measurement(s) | carbon dioxide emissions | Technology Type(s) | fossil fuel consumption |
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huo
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - Kai Liu
- Product and Solution and Website Business Unit, Alibaba Cloud, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121 China
| | - Jianwu Liu
- Product and Solution and Website Business Unit, Alibaba Cloud, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121 China
| | - Yingjian Huang
- Product and Solution and Website Business Unit, Alibaba Cloud, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121 China
| | - Taochun Sun
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Yun Sun
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Caomingzhe Si
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jinjie Liu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China ,The Chinese University of Hongkong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172 China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Product and Solution and Website Business Unit, Alibaba Cloud, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121 China
| | - Haijin Wang
- The Chinese University of Hongkong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172 China ,grid.511521.3The Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172 China
| | - Duo Cui
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Biqing Zhu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Zhu Deng
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Piyu Ke
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Yuli Shan
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Olivier Boucher
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Dannet
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Gaoqi Liang
- The Chinese University of Hongkong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172 China ,grid.511521.3The Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172 China
| | - Junhua Zhao
- The Chinese University of Hongkong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172 China ,grid.511521.3The Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172 China
| | - Lei Chen
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climate et de l’Environnement LSCE, Orme de Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- Product and Solution and Website Business Unit, Alibaba Cloud, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121 China
| | - Zhu Liu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
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19
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Cui C, Guan D, Wang D, Meng J, Chemutai V, Brenton P, Zhang S, Shan Y, Zhang Q, Davis SJ. Global mitigation efforts cannot neglect emerging emitters. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac223. [PMID: 36540615 PMCID: PMC9757683 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
International efforts to avoid dangerous climate change have historically focused on reducing energy-related CO2 emissions from countries with either the largest economies (e.g. the EU and the USA) and/or the largest populations (e.g. China and India). However, in recent years, emissions have surged among a different and much less-examined group of countries, raising concerns that a next generation of high-emitting economies will obviate current mitigation targets. Here, we analyse the trends and drivers of emissions in each of the 59 countries where emissions in 2010-2018 grew faster than the global average (excluding China and India), project their emissions under a range of longer-term energy scenarios and estimate the costs of decarbonization pathways. Total emissions from these 'emerging emitters' reach as much as 7.5 GtCO2/year in the baseline 2.5° scenario-substantially greater than the emissions from these regions in previously published scenarios that would limit warming to 1.5°C or even 2°C. Such unanticipated emissions would in turn require non-emitting energy deployment from all sectors within these emerging emitters, and faster and deeper reductions in emissions from other countries to meet international climate goals. Moreover, the annual costs of keeping emissions at the low level are in many cases 0.2%-4.1% of countries' gross domestic production, pointing to potential trade-offs with poverty-reduction goals and/or the need for economic support and low-carbon technology transfer from historically high-emitting countries. Our results thus highlight the critical importance of ramping up mitigation efforts in countries that to this point have been largely ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cui
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Daoping Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FD,UK,Centre for Nature and Climate, World Economic Forum, Geneva CH-1223, Switzerland,School of Urban and Regional Science, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | | | - Shaohui Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China,International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg 2361, Austria
| | - Yuli Shan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Steven J Davis
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Wang D, Ye W, Wu G, Li R, Guan Y, Zhang W, Wang J, Shan Y, Hubacek K. Greenhouse gas emissions from municipal wastewater treatment facilities in China from 2006 to 2019. Sci Data 2022; 9:317. [PMID: 35710815 PMCID: PMC9203788 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) alleviate water pollution but also induce resource consumption and environmental impacts especially greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Mitigating GHG emissions of WWTPs can contribute to achieving carbon neutrality in China. But there is still a lack of a high-resolution and time-series GHG emission inventories of WWTPs in China. In this study, we construct a firm-level emission inventory of WWTPs for CH4, N2O and CO2 emissions from different wastewater treatment processes, energy consumption and effluent discharge for the time-period from 2006 to 2019. We aim to develop a transparent, verifiable and comparable WWTP GHG emission inventory to support GHG mitigation of WWTPs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Weili Ye
- The Center for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Regional Environment and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Guangxue Wu
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Ruoqi Li
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuru Guan
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Center for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Regional Environment and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Junxia Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Hubacek
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands.
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21
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Pappas DA, O’brien J, Guo L, Shan Y, Baker J, Kricorian G, Stryker S, Collier D. POS0535 OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS INITIATING THERAPY WITH ETANERCEPT, ADALIMUMAB, OR JANUS KINASE INHIBITORS. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundOngoing debate exists regarding the optimal sequence of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as first-line biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (b/tsDMARD) therapy following conventional therapies.ObjectivesTo describe baseline characteristics, effectiveness, persistency, and treatment patterns among first-line b/tsDMARD-naive initiators of etanercept (ETN), adalimumab (ADA), or JAKis (tofacitinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib).MethodsData on patients who initiated b/tsDMARD from 11/2012 to 6/2021 were obtained from the CorEvitas RA Registry, a prospective, multicenter, observational, disease-based registry. Patients ≥18 years with rheumatologist-diagnosed RA and 6- and/or 12-months’ (M) follow-up were included. We report descriptive statistics at baseline, persistency on therapy, escalation/de-escalation of therapy, details on patterns of drug switching, and effectiveness outcomes using regression models adjusted for baseline covariates (demographic/socioeconomic/lifestyle characteristics, comorbidities, medication history, disease activity, and patient-reported outcomes). Outcomes were evaluated at 6M and 12M follow-up.ResultsFirst-line initiators of ETN, ADA, and JAKis with baseline and follow-up visits were identified: 803, 984, and 361 patients at 6M, respectively; 589, 749, and 264 patients at 12M, respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar among ETN, ADA, and JAKi initiators with the exception of disease duration, which was longer among first-line JAKi initiators (mean, 8.6 y) versus ETN (5.9 y) and ADA (5.8 y) initiators. Unadjusted mean improvement in Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was generally similar between groups at 6M and 12M (Table 1). Adjusted effectiveness results were similar at 6M and 12M (Figure 1). At 6M, 68% of ETN, 69% of ADA, and 67% of JAKi initiators remained on the same therapy; at 12M, 53% of ETN, 57% of ADA, and 57% of JAKi initiators remained on the same therapy. The frequency of switching to another b/tsDMARD was similar across initiators.Table 1.Patient Description at Time of Initiation and Unadjusted Disease Activity ResultsETNADAJAKisAge, years54.4 (12.8)55.5 (12.1)60.9 (12.5)Female, n (%)666 (77)843 (76)303 (77)BMI, kg/m230.4 (7.6)31.3 (7.9)30.8 (7.6)Duration of RA, years5.9 (7.6)5.8 (7.3)8.6 (10.0)BL disease activitya CDAI19.9 (14.3)18.9 (12.7)18.8 (13.2) mHAQ0.5 (0.5)0.5 (0.5)0.5 (0.5) Patient painb48.0 (28.8)49.2 (28.5)45.2 (29.2)Disease activity decrease from BL at 6M CDAI6.9 (13.6)6.4 (12.1)4.7 (12.3) mHAQ0.1 (0.4)0.1 (0.4)0.1 (0.4) Patient painb9.7 (30.2)10.6 (28.4)8.9 (29.5)Disease activity decrease from BL at 12M CDAI7.4 (13.5)6.1 (13.0)5.1 (13.0) mHAQ0.1 (0.4)0.1 (0.4)0.1 (0.4) Patient painb8.8 (29.7)8.7 (30.1)7.5 (28.6)Achievement of LDAc, % 6M43.441.932.5 12M41.039.638.3aBaseline for combined population with 6M and 12M follow-up. b(range: 0–100). cCDAI ≤10 among those with moderate or high disease activity at baseline.Data are mean (SD) unless otherwise specified.ADA, adalimumab; BL, baseline; CDAI, Clinical Disease Activity Index; ETN, etanercept; JAKis, Janus kinase inhibitors; LDA, low disease activity; M, months; mHAQ, modified Health Assessment Questionnaire; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SD, standard deviation.ConclusionIn this real-world study in patients initiating first-line b/tsDMARD therapy with ETN, ADA, or JAKis, we did not observe differences in clinical effectiveness/patient-reported outcomes and treatment persistency at 6M and12M after treatment initiation.AcknowledgementsThis study is sponsored by CorEvitas, LLC. CorEvitas has been supported through contracted subscriptions in the last two years by AbbVie, Amgen Inc., Arena, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Chugai, Eli Lilly and Company, Genentech, Gilead, GSK, Janssen, LEO, Novartis, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer Inc., Regeneron, Sanofi, Sun, and UCB. Writing support was funded by Amgen Inc. and provided by Su Cappello, PharmD, of Peloton Advantage, LLC, an OPEN Health company, and Julie Wang, DPM, of Amgen Inc.Disclosure of InterestsDimitrios A Pappas Shareholder of: Officer or Board Member for Corrona Research Foundation, Speakers bureau: Speaker/Honoraria for AbbVie, Novartis, Roche Hellas, Sanofi, Consultant of: Consultant for AbbVie, Roche Hellas; Advisor for Sanofi, Employee of: Employment by, ownership interest, and stock options in CorEvitas, LLC, Jacqueline O’Brien Employee of: Employment by CorEvitas, LLC., Lin Guo Employee of: Employment by CorEvitas, LLC., Ying Shan Employee of: Employment by CorEvitas, LLC., Joshua Baker Consultant of: Received consulting fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, CorEvitas LLC, and Burns-White, LLC., Greg Kricorian Shareholder of: Employment by and stock ownership in Amgen Inc., Employee of: Employment by and stock ownership in Amgen Inc., Scott Stryker Shareholder of: Employment by and stock ownership in Amgen Inc., Employee of: Employment by and stock ownership in Amgen Inc., David Collier Shareholder of: Employment by and stock ownership in Amgen Inc., Employee of: Employment by and stock ownership in Amgen Inc.
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22
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Shao S, Wang C, Feng K, Guo Y, Feng F, Shan Y, Meng J, Chen S. How do China's lockdown and post-COVID-19 stimuli impact carbon emissions and economic output? Retrospective estimates and prospective trajectories. iScience 2022; 25:104328. [PMID: 35602942 PMCID: PMC9118742 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper develops a multi-sector and multi-factor structural gravity model that allows an analytical and quantitative decomposition of the emission and output changes into composition and technique effects. We find that the negative production shock of China's containment policy propagates globally via supply chains, with the carbon-intensive sectors experiencing the greatest carbon emission shocks. We further reveal that China's current stimulus package in 2021-2025 is consistent with China's emission intensity-reduction goals for 2025, but further efforts are required to meet China's carbon emissions-peaking target in 2030 and Cancun 2°C goal. Short-term changes in carbon emissions resulting from lockdowns and initial fiscal stimuli in "economic rescue" period have minor long-term effects, whereas the transitional direction of future fiscal stimulus exerts more predominant impact on long-term carbon emissions. The efficiency improvement effects are more important than the sectoral structure effects of the fiscal stimulus in achieving greener economic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chang Wang
- School of Economics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies, Yale University, New Haven 06511, USA
| | - Kuo Feng
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China.,Zhejiang Institute of "Eight-Eight" Strategies, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Fan Feng
- Renmin Business School, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands.,School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Shiyi Chen
- School of Economics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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23
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Lin H, Yang H, Fu JF, Yuan K, Huang W, Wu GP, Dong GJ, Tian DH, Wu DX, Tang DW, Wu LY, Sun YL, Pi LJ, Liu LP, Shi W, Gu LG, Huang ZH, Wang LQ, Chen HY, Li Y, Yu HY, Wei XR, Cheng XO, Shan Y, Liu X, Xu S, Liu XP, Luo YF, Xiao Y, Yang GM, Li M, Feng XQ, Ma DX, Pan JY, Tang RM, Chen R, Maimaiti DY, Liu XH, Cui Z, Su ZQ, Dong L, Zou YL, Liu J, Wu KX, Li Y, Li Y. [Analysis of clinical phenotype and genotype of Chinese children with disorders of sex development]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:435-441. [PMID: 35488637 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20210927-00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the heterogeneity and correlation of clinical phenotypes and genotypes in children with disorders of sex development (DSD). Methods: A retrospective study of 1 235 patients with clinically proposed DSD in 36 pediatric medical institutions across the country from January 2017 to May 2021. After capturing 277 DSD-related candidate genes, second-generation sequencing was performed to analyzed the heterogeneity and correlation combined with clinical phenotypes. Results: Among 1 235 children with clinically proposed DSD, 980 were males and 255 were females of social gender at the time of initial diagnosis with the age ranged from 1 day of age to 17.92 years. A total of 443 children with pathogenic variants were detected through molecular genetic studies, with a positive detection rate of 35.9%. The most common clinical phenotypes were micropenis (455 cases), hypospadias (321 cases), and cryptorchidism (172 cases) and common mutations detected were in SRD5A2 gene (80 cases), AR gene (53 cases) and CYP21A2 gene (44 cases). Among them, the SRD5A2 mutation is the most common in children with simple micropenis and simple hypospadias, while the AMH mutation is the most common in children with simple cryptorchidism. Conclusions: The SRD5A2 mutation is the most common genetic variant in Chinese children with DSD, and micropenis, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias are the most common clinical phenotypes. Molecular diagnosis can provide clues about the biological basis of DSD, and can also guide clinicians to perform specific clinical examinations. Target sequence capture probes and next-generation sequencing technology can provide effective and economical genetic diagnosis for children with DSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - H Yang
- Department of Urology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - J F Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - K Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - W Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - G P Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - G J Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - D H Tian
- Department of Urology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - D X Wu
- Department of Urology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - D W Tang
- Department of Urology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - L Y Wu
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Y L Sun
- Department of Children's Gynecology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - L J Pi
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - L P Liu
- Department of Metabolism, Hebei Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - W Shi
- Department of Urology, Hebei Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - L G Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Z H Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L Q Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genetics, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - H Y Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genetics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215300, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - H Y Yu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan 250000, China
| | - X R Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genetics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - X O Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genetics, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Y Shan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genetics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital in Guiyang, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - S Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - X P Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genetics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Y F Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Y Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - G M Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genetics, Jiangxi Provicial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Pediatric Endocrine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - X Q Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genetics, Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - D X Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - J Y Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - R M Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan 528403, China
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - D Y Maimaiti
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - X H Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Z Cui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Z Q Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518023, China
| | - L Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Y L Zou
- Department of Child Health Care, Linyi Peoples Hospital, Linyi 276000, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang 330006, China
| | - K X Wu
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
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Bree K, Shan Y, Hensley P, Lobo N, Hu C, Tyler D, Chamie K, Kamat A, Williams S. Management, surveillance patterns, and costs associated with low-grade Papillary (Ta) non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)00239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Tian J, Yu L, Xue R, Zhuang S, Shan Y. Global low-carbon energy transition in the post-COVID-19 era. Appl Energy 2022; 307:118205. [PMID: 34840400 PMCID: PMC8610812 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant challenges for energy transition. Concerns about the overwhelming emphasis on economic recovery at the cost of energy transition progress have been raised worldwide. More voices are calling for "green" recovery scheme, which recovers the economy while not compromising on the environment. However, limited academic attention has been paid to comprehensively investigating the implications of COVID-19 for global energy transition. This study thus provides a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics between energy transition and COVID-19 around the world and proposes a low-carbon energy transition roadmap in the post-pandemic era. Using energy data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), we first summarized and reviewed the progress of energy transition prior to COVID-19. Building on prior progress, we identified the challenges for energy transition during the pandemic from the perspectives of government support, fossil fuel divestment, renewable energy production capacity, global supply chain, and energy poverty. However, the pandemic also generates opportunities for global energy transition. We hence also identified potential opportunities for energy transition presented by the pandemic from the perspectives of price competitiveness, policy implementation efficiency, and renewable energy strengths. We further provided an in-depth discussion on the impact of current worldwide economic recovery stimulus on energy transition. Based on the identified challenges and opportunities, we proposed the post-pandemic energy transition roadmap in terms of broadening green financing instruments, strengthening international cooperation, and enhancing green recovery plans. Our study sheds light on a global low-carbon energy transition framework and has practical implications for green recovery schemes in post-pandemic times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Tian
- School of Statistics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, No.7366 East Erhuan Road, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Longguang Yu
- School of Statistics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, No.7366 East Erhuan Road, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Centre for Corporate Sustainability and Environmental Finance, Department of Applied Finance, Macquarie University, 4 Eastern Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Shan Zhuang
- School of Business Administration, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, No.7366 East Erhuan Road, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- Integrated Research for Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands
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26
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Wan D, Xue R, Linnenluecke M, Tian J, Shan Y. The impact of investor attention during COVID-19 on investment in clean energy versus fossil fuel firms. Financ Res Lett 2021; 43:101955. [PMID: 36406287 PMCID: PMC9665964 DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2021.101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had significant negative impacts on financial markets, including energy stock markets. However, recently proposed and implemented green recovery plans may mean that clean energy firms demonstrate better performance than fossil fuel firms after the pandemic. As more voices call for the update of clean energy, theory on investor attention suggests investors will pay more attention to the potential to invest in clean energy stocks. Using a sample period of eight weeks before and during the pandemic, we find that the negative impact of the outbreak on both clean energy and fossil fuel firms is more significant for fossil fuel firms. Our results further show that during the pandemic there have been improved returns for clean energy firms as a consequence of investor attention, but not for fossil fuel firms. Our findings provide empirical evidence for the advantages of green recovery schemes in influencing financial markets, especially for clean energy stocks. These results suggest there are benefits for further promotion and implementation of green recovery stimulus measures post-pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoxia Wan
- School of Statistics | Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Centre for Corporate Sustainability and Environmental Finance, Department of Applied Finance | Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martina Linnenluecke
- Centre for Corporate Sustainability and Environmental Finance, Department of Applied Finance | Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jinfang Tian
- School of Statistics | Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen | University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, the Netherlands
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Fero K, Shan Y, Lec P, Sharma V, Srinivasan A, Movva G, Baillargeon J, Chamie K, Williams S. Treatment patterns, outcomes, and costs associated with localized upper tract urothelial carcinoma. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(21)03191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Schulte-Fischedick M, Shan Y, Hubacek K. Implications of COVID-19 lockdowns on surface passenger mobility and related CO 2 emission changes in Europe. Appl Energy 2021; 300:117396. [PMID: 34305265 PMCID: PMC8278838 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has severely affected our daily lives, with direct consequences on passenger transport. This in turn has strongly impacted the energy demand of the transport sector and associated CO2 emissions. We analyse near real-time passenger mobility and related emission trends in Europe between 21 January and 21 September 2020. We compiled a dataset of country-, sector- and lockdown- specific values, representing daily activity changes in private, public, and active passenger transport. In the aggregate, surface passenger transport emissions fell by 11.2% corresponding to 40.3 MtCO2 in Europe. This decline was predominantly due to the reduction of private passenger transport in five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK). During the first lockdown in April 2020, CO2 emissions from surface passenger transport declined by 50% in Europe, resulting in a 7.1% reduction in total CO2 emissions. After April 2020, private passenger travel recovered rapidly, while public passenger flows remained low. Solely prompted by the private sector, a rebound in total emissions and surface passenger transport emissions of 1.5% and 10.7%, respectively, was estimated at the end of the study period. The resulting situation of increased private and decreased public passenger transport is in contradiction to major climate goals, and without reversing these trends, emission reductions, as stated in the European Green Deal are unlikely to be achieved. Our study provides an analysis based on a detailed and timely set of data of surface passenger transport and points to options to grasp the momentum for innovative changes in passenger mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Schulte-Fischedick
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, the Netherlands
| | - Yuli Shan
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus Hubacek
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, the Netherlands
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Wu SY, Qian RL, Ma CL, Shan Y, Wu YJ, Wu XY, Zhang JL, Zhu XB, Ji HT, Qu CY, Hou F, Liu LZ. Photoluminescence and magnetism integrated multifunctional black phosphorus probes through controllable PO bond orbital hybridization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22476-22482. [PMID: 34586129 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03155d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological probes with integrated photoluminescence and magnetism characteristics play a critical role in modern clinical diagnosis and surgical protocols combining fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. However, traditional magnetic semiconductors can easily generate a spin splitting at the Fermi level and half-metallic electronic occupation, which will sharply reduce the radiation recombination efficiency of photogenerated carriers. To overcome this intrinsic contradiction, we propose a controllable oxidation strategy to introduce some particular PO bonds into black phosphorus nanosheets, in which the p orbital hybridization between P and O atoms not only provides some carrier recombination centers but also leads to a room-temperature spin polarization. As a result, the coexistence of photoluminescence and magnetism is realized in multifunctional black phosphorus probes with excellent biocompatibility. This work provides a new insight into integrating photoluminescence and magnetism together by intriguing atomic orbital hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - R L Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - C L Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Y Shan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China.
| | - Y J Wu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - X Y Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - J L Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - X B Zhu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Suzhou Vocational University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215104, China
| | - H T Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - C Y Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - F Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - L Z Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Li H, Zhao Y, Zheng L, Wang S, Kang J, Liu Y, Li H, Shi L, Shan Y. Dynamic characteristics and drivers of the regional household energy-carbon-water nexus in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:55220-55232. [PMID: 34128163 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Being a node of the energy-water consumer and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitter, the household is one key sector to pilot integrated energy-carbon-water (ECW) management. This study developed an integrated framework to explore China's provincial household ECW nexus as well as their drivers from the years 2000 through 2016. The absolute amount and growth rate of household energy use (HEU), household CO2 emissions (HCE), and household water use (HWU) were abstracted to reveal the dynamic characteristics of the household ECW nexus. Efficiency advance, income growth, urbanization, family size, and household number were defined to explain the changes in the household ECW nexus. This study revealed that there is a huge regional heterogeneity in China's household ECW nexus. Developed regions such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, and Shanghai are the most important household ECW nexus nodes with larger amounts and growth rates of household ECW. Income growth overwhelmingly increases ECW, while efficiency advance effectively curbs its growth. Comparatively, household number, family size, and urbanization have small effects. Therefore, implementing differentiated management and focusing on the synergy of socioeconomic factors are the keys to achieving integrated household ECW management. And the analytical framework can be used to analyze ECW nexus from a sector, city, or country perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuhuan Zhao
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Lu Zheng
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Song Wang
- Institute of Latin American Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China
| | - Jianing Kang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Beijing, 100710, China
| | - Hongxian Li
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Long Shi
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Yuli Shan
- Integrated Research for Energy, Environment and Society, Energy and Sustainability Research, Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747, AG, The Netherlands
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Guo B, Fang X, Shan Y, Li J, Shen Y, Ma C. Salvage mandibular reconstruction: multi-institutional analysis of 17 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:191-199. [PMID: 34384647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Unsuccessful mandibular reconstruction occasionally occurs, leaving the patient with undesirable function and contours. In such cases, second- or third-time corrective operations are challenging. However, published studies on the complicated retreatment of such patients are scarce. A retrospective analysis covering the years 2015-2019 was conducted in three centers. All 17 patients included had undergone prior failed mandibular reconstructions in other institutions. Salvage secondary or tertiary reconstructive surgeries were attempted and the results are presented. Major factors for these failed reconstructions included exposed non-vascularized bone grafts (n = 7, 41.2%), flap loss (n = 4, 23.5%), exposed artificial joint (n = 3, 17.6%), skewed occlusion with deformity (n = 1, 5.9%), non-union (n = 1, 5.9%), and recurrence (n = 1, 5.9%). Fibula flaps were transferred in 15 patients, while iliac flaps were used in two patients for mandibular re-do reconstructions. Virtual surgical designs were conducted in nine (52.9%) patients, with navigation-guided approaches performed in three cases. Postoperative functions were relatively favorable in these complicated mandibular re-do reconstruction cases. Mandibular symmetry (mandibular length and height; P = 0.002) and condylar position (P < 0.001) were regained after these re-do attempts. Secondary or tertiary mandibular re-do reconstruction can still achieve good functional outcomes with appropriate preoperative selection and well-conceived designs, especially with the aid of virtual surgery and navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial - Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - X Fang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Y Shan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial - Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial - Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - C Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial - Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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Abstract
Constituent entities which make up Russia have wide-ranging powers and are considered as important policymakers and implementers of climate change mitigation. Formulation of CO2 emission inventories for Russia’s constituent entities is the priority step in achieving emission reduction. Russia is the world’s largest exporter of oil and gas combined and the fourth biggest CO2 emitter, so it’s efforts in mitigating CO2 emissions are globally significant in curbing climate change. However, the existing emission inventories only present national CO2 emissions; the subnational emission details are missing. In addition, the emission factors are not country-specific and energy activity data by fossil energy types and sectors are not sufficiently detailed. In this study, the CO2 emission inventories of Russia and its 82 constituent entities from 2005 to 2019 are constructed. The emission inventories include energy-related emissions with 89 socio-economic sectors and 17 energy types and process-related emissions. The uniformly formatted emission inventories can be a reference for in-depth analysis of emission characteristics and emission-related studies of Russia. Measurement(s) | carbon dioxide emission | Technology Type(s) | digital curation | Factor Type(s) | sub-national constituent entity • year | Sample Characteristic - Environment | climate system | Sample Characteristic - Location | Russia |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14798694
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Xiao
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weichen Zhao
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, the Netherlands.
| | - Dabo Guan
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
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Tsai H, Yang S, Hsiao C, Kao H, Shan Y, Lin Y, Yen C, Du J, Hsu C, Wu I, Chen L. P-140 A phase I study of biweekly abraxane in combination with oxaliplatin and oral S-1/leucovorin as first line treatment for advanced gastric, pancreatic and biliary tract cancers. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Harrold L, Wittstock K, Kelly S, Park SH, Han X, Shan Y, Roberts-Toler C, Middaugh N, Khaychuk V. AB0202 IMPROVEMENT IN CLINICAL DISEASE ACTIVITY AND PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES AFTER 6 MONTHS OF TREATMENT WITH ABATACEPT, STRATIFIED BY LINE OF THERAPY, IN PATIENTS WITH RA: RESULTS FROM A LARGE, US, NATIONAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:RA is more responsive to treatment in the early stages of disease, and early treatment may lead to better long-term outcomes.1,2 Data on the effectiveness of specific drugs as first or later lines of therapy will help inform treatment sequencing.Objectives:Data from patients enrolled in the Corrona RA Registry were used to compare the effectiveness of abatacept across lines of therapy overall (primary cohort) and in a subset of patients who were anti-citrullinated protein antibody positive (ACPA+).Methods:Patients with RA who initiated abatacept (January 2006 to October 2020), had 6 months’ follow-up (within 4−9 months of starting abatacept), had baseline (BL) and follow-up CDAI scores available, and had BL CDAI >2.8 were included. Outcomes were compared for first-, second- and third or higher-line therapy: 0, 1 or ≥2 prior biologic DMARDs or Janus kinase inhibitors, respectively. Continuous outcomes included change from BL to 6 months in mean CDAI and patient-reported pain, fatigue, and HAQ. Binary outcomes included rate of achieving minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in CDAI or modified ACR20/50/70 at 6 months. Continuous and binary outcomes were analysed using multiple linear and logistic regression, respectively. The models included line of therapy, age, sex, disease duration, work status, SC nodules, history of hypertension and depression, BL CDAI, BL patient-reported pain and BL fatigue. Additional subgroup analyses were carried out in patients with moderate/high disease activity (CDAI >10) at BL.Results:In total, 2876 patients (2327 with BL CDAI >10; 890 ACPA+) were included; 442, 911, and 1523 patients initiated first-, second- or third/higher-line abatacept, respectively. Compared with patients on second/third/higher-line abatacept therapy, those on first-line abatacept were significantly older, had shorter disease duration, and had lower BL CDAI, pain and fatigue (all p<0.001). In adjusted analyses, patients receiving abatacept as earlier lines of therapy had significantly greater improvement from BL in mean CDAI and in patient-reported fatigue and HAQ (Table 1). There was no significant difference between lines of therapy in change in patient-reported pain. Patients receiving first-line abatacept had significantly higher odds of achieving a MCID in CDAI or modified ACR20/50/70 response (Figure 1). Similar patterns were seen when the sample was limited to patients with moderate/high disease activity or in patients who were ACPA+.Conclusion:There were significant differences in improvement in clinical disease activity and patient-reported outcomes across lines of therapy. Better treatment responses were observed with earlier lines of abatacept therapy in the overall population, in patients who were ACPA+ and in those with moderate/high BL disease activity.References:[1]Harrold LR, et al. Clin Rheumatol 2017;36:1215−1220.[2]Monti S, et al. RMD Open 2015;1(Suppl 1):e000057.Table 1.Adjusted mean change in CDAI and patient-reported outcomes from BL to 6 months after initiation of abatacept by line of therapy (primary cohort)Adjusted outcome, mean change (SE)First-line (n=440)Second-line (n=898)Third/higher-line (n=1515)p valueaCDAI−7.96 (0.33)−7.49 (0.27)−5.74 (0.19)<0.001Patient-reported pain (VAS 0–100)−9.43 (0.69)−7.98 (0.47)−7.70 (0.35)0.074Patient-reported fatigue (VAS 0–100)−7.49 (0.71)−5.87 (0.51)−4.81 (0.36)0.002Patient-reported HAQ−0.16 (0.01)−0.12 (0.01)−0.08 (0.01)<0.001aEstimated by multiple linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, disease duration, work status, SC nodules, history of hypertension and depression, BL CDAI, BL patient-reported pain and BL fatigue (factors that were identified a priori based on clinical experience or that differed significantly by line of therapy); p values reflect ANOVA overall test of differences across lines of therapy.VAS=visual analogue scale.Acknowledgements:Professional medical writing and editorial assistance was provided by Claire Line, PhD, at Caudex and was funded by Bristol Myers Squibb. The poster was a collaborative effort between Corrona and Bristol Myers Squibb, with financial support provided by Bristol Myers Squibb. This study was sponsored by Corrona, LLC. Corrona is supported through contracted subscriptions with multiple pharmaceutical companies.Disclosure of Interests:Leslie Harrold Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech/Roche, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Keith Wittstock Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Sheila Kelly Shareholder of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Sang Hee Park Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Xue Han Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Ying Shan: None declared, Carla Roberts-Toler: None declared, Nicole Middaugh: None declared, Vadim Khaychuk Shareholder of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb
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Shan Y, Fang S, Cai B, Zhou Y, Li D, Feng K, Hubacek K. Chinese cities exhibit varying degrees of decoupling of economic growth and CO2 emissions between 2005 and 2015. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Han P, Cai Q, Oda T, Zeng N, Shan Y, Lin X, Liu D. Assessing the recent impact of COVID-19 on carbon emissions from China using domestic economic data. Sci Total Environ 2021; 750:141688. [PMID: 32835964 PMCID: PMC7425766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused tremendous loss to human life and economic decline in China and worldwide. It has significantly reduced gross domestic product (GDP), power generation, industrial activity and transport volume; thus, it has reduced fossil-related and cement-induced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in China. Due to time delays in obtaining activity data, traditional emissions inventories generally involve a 2-3-year lag. However, a timely assessment of COVID-19's impact on provincial CO2 emission reductions is crucial for accurately understanding the reduction and its implications for mitigation measures; furthermore, this information can provide constraints for modeling studies. Here, we used national and provincial GDP data and the China Emission Accounts and Datasets (CEADs) inventory to estimate the emission reductions in the first quarter (Q1) of 2020. We find a reduction of 257.7 Mt. CO2 (11.0%) over Q1 2019. The secondary industry contributed 186.8 Mt. CO2 (72.5%) to the total reduction, largely due to lower coal consumption and cement production. At the provincial level, Hubei contributed the most to the reductions (40.6 Mt) due to a notable decrease of 48.2% in the secondary industry. Moreover, transportation significantly contributed (65.1 Mt), with a change of -22.3% in freight transport and -59.1% in passenger transport compared with Q1 2019. We used a point, line and area sources (PLAS) method to test the GDP method, producing a close estimate (reduction of 10.6%). One policy implication is a change in people's working style and communication methods, realized by working from home and holding teleconferences, to reduce traffic emissions. Moreover, GDP is found to have potential merit in estimating emission changes when detailed energy activity data are unavailable. We provide provincial data that can serve as spatial disaggregation constraints for modeling studies and further support for both the carbon cycle community and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qixiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tomohiro Oda
- Goddard Earth Sciences Research and Technology, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, United States; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
| | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yuli Shan
- Integrated Research for Energy, Environment and Society, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands.
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jazzar U, Shan Y, Bergerot CD, Wallis CJD, Freedland SJ, Kamat AM, Tyler DS, Baillargeon, Kuo YF, Klaassen Z, Williams SB. Use of Psychotropic Drugs Among Bladder Cancer Patients in the United States. Urol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bagheri I, Shan Y, Klaassen Z, Kamat AM, Konety B, Mehta HB, Baillargeon JG, Srinivas S, Tyler DS, Swanson TA, Kaul S, Hollenbeck BK, Williams SB. Comparing Costs of Radical Versus Partial Cystectomy for Patients Diagnosed with Localized Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Understanding the Value of Surgical Care. Urol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Freudenburg E, Shan Y, Martinez A, Srinivasan A, AlBayyaa M, Klaassen Z, Freedland SJ, Williams SB. Geographic Distribution of Racial Differences in Bladder Cancer Mortality in the United States: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Urol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chen J, Gao M, Cheng S, Hou W, Song M, Liu X, Liu Y, Shan Y. County-level CO 2 emissions and sequestration in China during 1997-2017. Sci Data 2020; 7:391. [PMID: 33184289 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13090370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
With the implementation of China's top-down CO2 emissions reduction strategy, the regional differences should be considered. As the most basic governmental unit in China, counties could better capture the regional heterogeneity than provinces and prefecture-level city, and county-level CO2 emissions could be used for the development of strategic policies tailored to local conditions. However, most of the previous accounts of CO2 emissions in China have only focused on the national, provincial, or city levels, owing to limited methods and smaller-scale data. In this study, a particle swarm optimization-back propagation (PSO-BP) algorithm was employed to unify the scale of DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS satellite imagery and estimate the CO2 emissions in 2,735 Chinese counties during 1997-2017. Moreover, as vegetation has a significant ability to sequester and reduce CO2 emissions, we calculated the county-level carbon sequestration value of terrestrial vegetation. The results presented here can contribute to existing data gaps and enable the development of strategies to reduce CO2 emissions in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Chen
- School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Shulei Cheng
- School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxuan Hou
- School of Finance, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai, China
- University of Edinburgh Business School, University of Edinburgh, 29 Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Malin Song
- School of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, School of Design and the Built Environment, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Yu Liu
- nstitutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yuli Shan
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, Netherlands.
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Chen J, Gao M, Cheng S, Hou W, Song M, Liu X, Liu Y, Shan Y. County-level CO 2 emissions and sequestration in China during 1997-2017. Sci Data 2020; 7:391. [PMID: 33184289 PMCID: PMC7665019 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the implementation of China’s top-down CO2 emissions reduction strategy, the regional differences should be considered. As the most basic governmental unit in China, counties could better capture the regional heterogeneity than provinces and prefecture-level city, and county-level CO2 emissions could be used for the development of strategic policies tailored to local conditions. However, most of the previous accounts of CO2 emissions in China have only focused on the national, provincial, or city levels, owing to limited methods and smaller-scale data. In this study, a particle swarm optimization-back propagation (PSO-BP) algorithm was employed to unify the scale of DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS satellite imagery and estimate the CO2 emissions in 2,735 Chinese counties during 1997–2017. Moreover, as vegetation has a significant ability to sequester and reduce CO2 emissions, we calculated the county-level carbon sequestration value of terrestrial vegetation. The results presented here can contribute to existing data gaps and enable the development of strategies to reduce CO2 emissions in China. Measurement(s) | carbon dioxide emission • carbon dioxide sequestration | Technology Type(s) | machine learning | Factor Type(s) | temporal interval • geographic location | Sample Characteristic - Environment | carbon dioxide | Sample Characteristic - Location | China |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13090370
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Chen
- School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Shulei Cheng
- School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxuan Hou
- School of Finance, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai, China.,University of Edinburgh Business School, University of Edinburgh, 29 Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Malin Song
- School of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, School of Design and the Built Environment, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Yu Liu
- nstitutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yuli Shan
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, Netherlands.
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Williams S, Shan Y, Kerr P, Tyler D, Putluri N, Lopez D, Prochaska J, Elferink C, Baillargeon J, Kuo YF. Proximity to oil refineries and risk of bladder cancer: A population-based analysis. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)36249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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43
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Ou J, Huang Z, Klimont Z, Jia G, Zhang S, Li C, Meng J, Mi Z, Zheng H, Shan Y, Louie PKK, Zheng J, Guan D. Role of export industries on ozone pollution and its precursors in China. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5492. [PMID: 33127894 PMCID: PMC7603491 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study seeks to estimate how global supply chain relocates emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors and its impacts in shaping ozone formation. Here we show that goods produced in China for foreign markets lead to an increase of domestic non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emissions by 3.5 million tons in 2013; about 13% of the national total or, equivalent to half of emissions from European Union. Production for export increases concentration of NMVOCs (including some carcinogenic species) and peak ozone levels by 20–30% and 6–15% respectively, in the coastal areas. It contributes to an estimated 16,889 (3,839–30,663, 95% CI) premature deaths annually combining the effects of NMVOCs and ozone, but could be reduced by nearly 40% by closing the technology gap between China and EU. Export demand also alters the emission ratios between NMVOCs and nitrogen oxides and hence the ozone chemistry in the east and south coast. The global supply chain and demand for export goods can lead to relocated emissions. Goods produced in China for foreign markets have lead to an increase of domestic non-methane volatile organic compounds emissions by 3.5 million tons in 2013 resulting in potentially an estimated 16,889 premature deaths annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Ou
- Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands.,School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7JT, UK.,International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Zhijiong Huang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zbigniew Klimont
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - Guanglin Jia
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, University Town, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.,School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Research Center for Eco-Envivronmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Zhifu Mi
- The Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Heran Zheng
- School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7JT, UK.,Industrial Ecology Programme, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yuli Shan
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747, AG, the Netherlands
| | - Peter K K Louie
- Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, 5 Gloucester Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junyu Zheng
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dabo Guan
- The Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK. .,Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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Wang H, Hu Y, Zheng H, Shan Y, Qing S, Liang X, Feng K, Guan D. Low-carbon development via greening global value chains: a case study of Belarus. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 476:20200024. [PMID: 32831604 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of global value chains (GCVs) has seen the transfer of carbon emissions embodied in every step of international trade. Building a coordinated, inclusive and green GCV can be an effective and efficient way to achieve carbon emissions mitigation targets for countries that participate highly in GCVs. In this paper, we first describe the energy consumption as well as the territorial and consumption-based carbon emissions of Belarus and its regions from 2010 to 2017. The results show that Belarus has a relatively clean energy structure with 75% of Belarus' energy consumption coming from imported natural gas. The 'chemical, rubber and plastic products' sector has expanded significantly over the past few years; its territorial-based emissions increased 10-fold from 2011 to 2014, with the 'food processing' sector displaying the largest increase in consumption-based emissions. An analysis of regional emissions accounts shows that there is significant regional heterogeneity in Belarus with Mogilev, Gomel and Vitebsk having more energy-intensive manufacturing industries. We then analysed the changes in Belarus' international trade as well as its emission impacts. The results show that Belarus has changed from a net carbon exporter in 2011 to a net carbon importer in 2014. Countries along the Belt and Road Initiative, such as Russia, China, Ukraine, Poland and Kazakhstan, are the main trading partners and carbon emission importers/exporters for Belarus. 'Construction' and 'chemical, rubber and plastic products' are two major emission-importing sectors in Belarus, while 'electricity' and 'ferrous metals' are the primary emission-exporting sectors. Possible low-carbon development pathways are discussed for Belarus through the perspectives of global supply and the value chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Wang
- BOC Research Institute, Beijing 100818, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Heran Zheng
- Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7010, Norway
| | - Yuli Shan
- Integrated Research for Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, Netherlands
| | - Song Qing
- University of Edinburgh Business School, Edinburgh EH8 9JS, UK
| | - Xi Liang
- University of Edinburgh Business School, Edinburgh EH8 9JS, UK
| | - Kuishuang Feng
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabo Guan
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,The Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
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Kremer JM, Winkler A, Anatale-Tardiff L, Mclean R, Shan Y, Moore P, Tundia N, Suboticki J, Tesser J. FRI0100 COMPARISON OF PATIENTS (PTS) WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) AMONG DISEASE ACTIVITY CATEGORIES AFTER 6 MONTHS OF TREATMENT WITH A TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR INHIBITOR (TNFI): RESULTS FROM THE CORRONA® RA REGISTRY. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Targeting remission (REM) or low disease activity (LDA) is a widely accepted treatment strategy for RA. However, there are limited data on the proportion of pts who achieve these targets, or remain in moderate (MDA) or high disease activity (HDA) following advanced therapy.Objectives:To estimate the proportion of RA pts in disease activity states (REM, LDA, MDA, and HDA) who were biologic-naïve at initiation and had continuous treatment with a TNFi for 6–12 months in the Corrona RA registry.Methods:Eligible pts were aged ≥18 years, biologic-naïve, initiated TNFi treatment between January 1, 2010 and July 31, 2019, and had continuous use of a TNFi for 6–12 months. Disease activity was defined based on Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) at the visit closest to 6-month follow-up: REM, ≤2.8; LDA, >2.8–10; MDA, >10–22; and HDA, >22. Disease characteristics, disease activity measures, and pt-reported outcomes (PROs) were reported at TNFi initiation and at the 6-month follow-up visit.Results:2586 biologic-naïve pts who initiated a TNFi and had continuous use for 6–12 months were included. At TNFi initiation, 167 (6%) were in REM, 479 (19%) had LDA, 907 (35%) had MDA, and 1033 (40%) had HDA. After 6–12 months of treatment, 563 (21.8%) were in REM, 923 (35.7%) had LDA, 674 (26.1%) had MDA, and 426 (16.5%) had HDA. Pts with HDA/MDA at 6–12 months were more likely to have a history of hypertension (32.7% HDA; 34.0% MDA; vs 23.6% REM) and had higher mean body mass index (BMI) (30.9 HDA; 31.1 MDA; vs 29.0 REM) at baseline compared with pts in REM. Disease activity measures and PROs were worse in pts with MDA and HDA vs LDA and REM after 6–12 months (Table). Pt Global Assessment was higher than Physician Global Assessment across all groups.Conclusion:While 57.4% of pts who initiated a TNFi experienced a favorable outcome, >40% required additional or alternative intervention to achieve REM/LDA. Pts who remained in MDA/HDA continued to have an inadequate response to TNFi (as measured by disease activity measures and PROs) after 6–12 months of treatment compared with those who achieved REM/LDA.TableSummary of disease activity measures and PROs in previously biologic-naïve pts at the 6–12-month follow-up visit, stratified by disease activity category at the 6–12-month follow-up visitCharacteristics at 6–12 months, mean (standard deviation)Disease activity category at 6–12 monthsREM (n=563)LDA (n=923)MDA (n=674)HDA (n=426)CDAI1.2 (0.8)6.2 (2.1)15.4 (3.4)32.7 (9.2)Tender joint count (28)0.1 (0.3)1.0 (1.3)4.3 (3.3)13.4 (7.0)Swollen joint count (28)0.1 (0.3)1.1 (1.6)4.0 (3.6)9.1 (5.9)C-reactive protein6.4 (22.7)7.0 (10.6)11.1 (19.9)12.6 (22.1)Modified health assessment questionnaire0.1 (0.2)0.3 (0.4)0.5 (0.5)0.8 (0.5)Pt global assessment6.6 (6.8)28.6 (20.9)43.7 (25.7)58.0 (22.7)Physician global assessment3.6 (4.3)12.1 (10.4)27.4 (15.9)44.9 (19.8)Pt pain assessment8.7 (11.0)30.3 (23.5)46.1 (27.0)59.9 (24.4)Pt fatigue assessment15.7 (19.2)34.5 (26.6)48.3 (28.0)59.4 (27.5)Morning stiffness (min)16.5 (36.5)55.4 (146.3)96.9 (197.5)143.6 (260.0)Disclosure of Interests:Joel M Kremer Shareholder of: May own stocks and opinions, Grant/research support from: Research and consulting fees from AbbVie Inc., Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Genentech, Inc., Gilead, GSK, Lilly, Pfizer, Regeneron and Sanofi, Employee of: Corrona, LLC employee, Anne Winkler Consultant of: AbbVie, Pfizer, and Novratis, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Janssen, Sanofi, Genentech, Celgene, Eli Lilly, and Novartis., Laura Anatale-Tardiff Employee of: Corrona, LLC employee, Robert McLean Employee of: Corrona, LLC, Ying Shan Employee of: Corrona, LLC employee, Page Moore Employee of: Corrona, LLC employee, Namita Tundia Shareholder of: May own stocks and options, Employee of: AbbVie employee, Jessica Suboticki Shareholder of: AbbVie Inc., Employee of: AbbVie Inc., John Tesser Consultant of: Sanofi/Regeneron, Speakers bureau: Sanofi/Regeneron
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Chen J, Shan Y, Wang Q, Zhu J, Liu R. P-type laser-doped WSe 2/MoTe 2 van der Waals heterostructure photodetector. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:295201. [PMID: 32268302 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab87cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) based on two-dimensional (2D) materials are being studied extensively for their prospective applications in photodetectors. As the pristine WSe2/MoTe2 heterostructure is a type I (straddling gap) structure, it cannot be used as a photovoltaic device theoretically, although both WSe2 and MoTe2 have excellent photoelectric properties. The Fermi level of p-doped WSe2 is close to its valence band. The p-doped WSe2/MoTe2 heterostructure can perform as a photovoltaic device because a built-in electric field appears at the interface between MoTe2 and p-doped WSe2. Here, a 633 nm laser was used for scanning the surface of WSe2 in order to obtain the p-doped WSe2. x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrical measurements verified that p-type doping in WSe2 is produced through laser treatment. The p-type doping in WSe2 includes substoichiometric WOx and nonstoichiometric WSex. A photovoltaic device using p-doped WSe2 and MoTe2 was successfully fabricated. The band structure, light-matter reactions, and carrier-transport in the p-doped WSe2/MoTe2 heterojunction were analyzed. The results showed that this photodetector has an on/off ratio of ≈104, dark current of ≈1 pA, and response time of 72 μs under the illumination of 633 nm laser at zero bias (V ds = 0 V). The proposed p-doping method may provide a new approach to improve the performance of nanoscale optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China. These authors contributed equally to this work
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Abstract
Despite China’s emissions having plateaued in 2013, it is still the world’s leading energy consumer and CO2 emitter, accounting for approximately 30% of global emissions. Detailed CO2 emission inventories by energy and sector have great significance to China’s carbon policies as well as to achieving global climate change mitigation targets. This study constructs the most up-to-date CO2 emission inventories for China and its 30 provinces, as well as their energy inventories for the years 2016 and 2017. The newly compiled inventories provide key updates and supplements to our previous emission dataset for 1997–2015. Emissions are calculated based on IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) administrative territorial scope that covers all anthropogenic emissions generated within an administrative boundary due to energy consumption (i.e. energy-related emissions from 17 fossil fuel types) and industrial production (i.e. process-related emissions from cement production). The inventories are constructed for 47 economic sectors consistent with the national economic accounting system. The data can be used as inputs to climate and integrated assessment models and for analysis of emission patterns of China and its regions. Measurement(s) | carbon dioxide emission • anthropogenic generation of energy | Technology Type(s) | computational modeling technique | Factor Type(s) | year of carbon dioxide emissions | Sample Characteristic - Environment | anthropogenic environment | Sample Characteristic - Location | China |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11793816
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Shan
- Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, Netherlands.
| | - Qi Huang
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Dabo Guan
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100080, China.,School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Klaus Hubacek
- Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, Netherlands. .,Department of Environmental Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Weng FB, Zhu LF, Zhou JX, Shan Y, Tian ZG, Yang LW. MOTS-c accelerates bone fracture healing by stimulating osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via positively regulating FOXF1 to activate the TGF-β pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23:10623-10630. [PMID: 31858528 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201912_19759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the function of MOTS-c in accelerating bone fracture healing by inducing BMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts, as well as its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary BMSCs were extracted from rats and induced for osteogenesis. The highest dose of MOTS-c that did not affect BMSCs proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay. After 7-day osteogenesis, the relative levels of ALP, Bglap, and Runx2 in MOTS-c-treated BMSCs influenced by FOXF1 were examined. ALP staining and alizarin red S staining in BMSCs were performed as well. The interaction between FOXF1 and TGF-β was analyzed by ChIP assay. At last, rescue experiments were performed to uncover the role of FOXF1/TGF-β axis in MOTS-c-induced osteogenesis. RESULTS 1 μM MOTS-c was the highest dose that did not affect BMSCs proliferation. MOTS-c treatment upregulated the relative levels of ALP, Bglap, and Runx2, and stimulated mineralization ability in BMSCs, which were attenuated by the silence of FOXF1. TGF-β was proved to interact with FOXF1, and its level was positively mediated by FOXF1. The silence of FOXF1 attenuated the accelerated osteogenesis and TGF-β upregulation in BMSCs because of MOTS-c induction, and these trends were further reversed by the overexpression of TGF-β. CONCLUSIONS MOTS-c treatment markedly induces osteogenesis in BMSCs. During MOTS-c-induced osteogenic progression, the upregulated FOXF1 triggers the activation of TGF-β pathway, thus accelerating bone fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-B Weng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China.
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Xiao H, Shan Y, Zhang N, Zhou Y, Wang D, Duan Z. Comparisons of CO 2 emission performance between secondary and service industries in Yangtze River Delta cities. J Environ Manage 2019; 252:109667. [PMID: 31627097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To put the brakes on global climate change, China, the world's top emitter, has established ambitious CO2 emissions reduction targets. Industry-level emissions analysis can help policymakers determine better ways to achieve mitigation targets. This study is the first to target the total-factor carbon emission performance (TCPI) of secondary and service industries. We first compile industry-level CO2 emission inventories of 25 Yangtze River Delta cities during 2007-2016. The TCPI of secondary and service industries is then estimated by the non-radial directional distance function. We then compare the TCPI of the two industries across levels, dynamics, and inequalities using a global metafrontier approach. The results show the TCPI of the service industry (0.563 in 2016) was significantly higher than that of secondary industry (0.256 in 2016), suggesting that the service industry was more carbon-friendly. The TCPI gap between the secondary and service industries narrowed over the study period. The TCPI of secondary industry showed a promising increase during 2007-2016 with an annual growth rate of 2.30%, reflecting the positive effects of the government's reforms and environmental regulations. By contrast, the service industry saw a downward trend in TCPI, decreasing by 1.68% annually, primarily because it is a newcomer to low-carbon development. TCPI inequality in secondary industry was much larger than in the service industry, suggesting that significant heterogeneity exists in secondary industry. Therefore, policymakers should implement targeted mitigation policies for secondary industry, and place decarbonising the service industry on the agenda to reverse its decreasing TCPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Xiao
- Department of Economics, College of Economics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Institute of Resource, Environment and Sustainable Development Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yuli Shan
- Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, Netherlands
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Economics, College of Economics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Institute of Resource, Environment and Sustainable Development Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
| | - Ya Zhou
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Daoping Wang
- School of Urban and Regional Science, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhiyuan Duan
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
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Bourre L, Jin Y, Muntel J, Yu H, Beeler K, Bruderer R, Shan Y, An AX, Ouyang DX, Li HQ. Investigation of the mechanism of action of anti-PD-1 treatment by systematic depletion of different immune cell populations in syngeneic models. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz452.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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