1
|
Su AY, Apostol P, Wang J, Vlad A, Dincă M. Electrochemical Capacitance Traces with Interlayer Spacing in Two-dimensional Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402526. [PMID: 38415379 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Electrically conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for electrochemical capacitors (EC) for fast energy storage due to their high specific surface areas and potential for redox activity. To maximize energy density, traditional inorganic pseudocapacitors have utilized faradaic processes in addition to double-layer capacitance. Although conductive MOFs are usually comprised of redox active ligands which allow faradaic reactions upon electrochemical polarization, systematic studies providing deeper understanding of the charge storage processes and structure-function relationships have been scarce. Here, we investigate the charge storage mechanisms of a series of triazatruxene-based 2D layered conductive MOFs with variable alkyl functional groups, Ni3(HIR3-TAT)2 (TAT=triazatruxene; R=H, Et, n-Bu, n-Pent). Functionalization of the triazatruxene core allows for systematic variation of structural parameters while maintaining in-plane conjugation between ligands and metals. Specifically, R groups modulate interlayer spacing, which in turn shifts the charge storage mechanism from double-layer capacitance towards pseudocapacitance, leading to an increase in molar specific capacitance from Ni3(HIH3-TAT)2 to Ni3(HIBu3-TAT)2. Partial exfoliation of Ni3(HIBu3-TAT)2 renders redox active ligand moieties more accessible, and thus increases the dominance of faradaic processes. Our strategy of controlling charge storage mechanism through tuning the accessibility of redox-active sites may motivate further design and engineering of electrode materials for EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Su
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, USA
| | - Petru Apostol
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Jiande Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, USA
| | - Alexandru Vlad
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Mircea Dincă
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tian JJ, Liu X, Ye L, Zhang Z, Quinn EC, Shi C, Broadbelt LJ, Marks TJ, Chen EYX. Redesigned Nylon 6 Variants with Enhanced Recyclability, Ductility, and Transparency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320214. [PMID: 38418405 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Geminal (gem-) disubstitution in heterocyclic monomers is an effective strategy to enhance polymer chemical recyclability by lowering their ceiling temperatures. However, the effects of specific substitution patterns on the monomer's reactivity and the resulting polymer's properties are largely unexplored. Here we show that, by systematically installing gem-dimethyl groups onto ϵ-caprolactam (monomer of nylon 6) from the α to ϵ positions, both the redesigned lactam monomer's reactivity and the resulting gem-nylon 6's properties are highly sensitive to the substitution position, with the monomers ranging from non-polymerizable to polymerizable and the gem-nylon properties ranging from inferior to far superior to the parent nylon 6. Remarkably, the nylon 6 with the gem-dimethyls substituted at the γ position is amorphous and optically transparent, with a higher Tg (by 30 °C), yield stress (by 1.5 MPa), ductility (by 3×), and lower depolymerization temperature (by 60 °C) than conventional nylon 6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Liwei Ye
- Department of Chemistry and the Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Linda J Broadbelt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bergmann U. Stimulated X-ray emission spectroscopy. Photosynth Res 2024:10.1007/s11120-024-01080-y. [PMID: 38619702 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
We describe an emerging hard X-ray spectroscopy technique, stimulated X-ray emission spectroscopy (S-XES). S-XES has the potential to characterize the electronic structure of 3d transition metal complexes with spectral information currently not reachable and might lead to the development of new ultrafast X-ray sources with properties beyond the state of the art. S-XES has become possible with the emergence of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) that provide intense femtosecond X-ray pulses that can be employed to generate a population inversion of core-hole excited states resulting in stimulated X-ray emission. We describe the instrumentation, the various types of S-XES, the potential applications, the experimental challenges, and the feasibility of applying S-XES to characterize dilute systems, including the Mn4Ca cluster in the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Bergmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee H, Im H, Choi BK, Park K, Chen Y, Ruan W, Zhong Y, Lee JE, Ryu H, Crommie MF, Shen ZX, Hwang C, Mo SK, Hwang J. Controlling structure and interfacial interaction of monolayer TaSe 2 on bilayer graphene. Nano Converg 2024; 11:14. [PMID: 38622355 PMCID: PMC11018566 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Tunability of interfacial effects between two-dimensional (2D) crystals is crucial not only for understanding the intrinsic properties of each system, but also for designing electronic devices based on ultra-thin heterostructures. A prerequisite of such heterostructure engineering is the availability of 2D crystals with different degrees of interfacial interactions. In this work, we report a controlled epitaxial growth of monolayer TaSe2 with different structural phases, 1H and 1 T, on a bilayer graphene (BLG) substrate using molecular beam epitaxy, and its impact on the electronic properties of the heterostructures using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. 1H-TaSe2 exhibits significant charge transfer and band hybridization at the interface, whereas 1 T-TaSe2 shows weak interactions with the substrate. The distinct interfacial interactions are attributed to the dual effects from the differences of the work functions as well as the relative interlayer distance between TaSe2 films and BLG substrate. The method demonstrated here provides a viable route towards interface engineering in a variety of transition-metal dichalcogenides that can be applied to future nano-devices with designed electronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyobeom Lee
- Department of Physics and Institute of Quantum Convergence Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hayoon Im
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Byoung Ki Choi
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kyoungree Park
- Department of Physics and Institute of Quantum Convergence Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Max Planck POSTECH Center for Complex Phase Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Hyejin Ryu
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Choongyu Hwang
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Kwan Mo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Jinwoong Hwang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Quantum Convergence Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang J, Koneru A, Sankaranarayanan SKRS, Lilley CM. Evolutionary Search and Theoretical Study of Silicene Grain Boundaries' Mechanical Properties. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2024; 128:6019-6030. [PMID: 38629113 PMCID: PMC11017321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Defects such as grain boundaries (GBs) are almost inevitable during the synthesis process of 2D materials. To take advantage of the fascinating properties of 2D materials, understanding the nature and impact of various GB structures on pristine 2D sheets is crucial. In this work, using an evolutionary algorithm search, we predict a wide variety of silicene GB structures with very different atomic structures compared with those found in graphene or hexagonal boron-nitride. Twenty-one GBs with the lowest energy were validated by density functional theory (DFT), a majority of which were previously unreported to our best knowledge. Based on the diversity of the GB predictions, we found that the formation energy and mechanical properties can be dramatically altered by adatom positions within a GB and certain types of atomic structures, such as four-atom rings. To study the mechanical behavior of these GBs, we apply strain to the GB structures stepwise and use DFT calculations to investigate the mechanical properties of 9 representative structures. It is observed that GB structures based on pentagon-heptagon pairs are likely to have similar or higher in-plane stiffness and strength compared to the zigzag orientation of pristine silicene. However, an adatom located at the hollow site of a heptagon ring can significantly deteriorate the mechanical strength. For all of the structures, the in-plane stiffness and strength were found to decrease with increasing formation energy. For the failure behavior of GB structures, it was found that GB structures based on pentagon-heptagon pairs have failure behavior similar to that of graphene. We also found that the GB structures with atoms positioned outside of the 2D plane tend to experience phase transitions before failure. Utilizing the evolutionary algorithm, we locate diverse silicene GBs and obtain useful information about their mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhang
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Aditya Koneru
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Center
for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National
Lab, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Subramanian K. R. S. Sankaranarayanan
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Center
for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National
Lab, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Carmen M. Lilley
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou W, Felvey N, Guo J, Hoffman AS, Bare SR, Kulkarni AR, Runnebaum RC, Kronawitter CX. Reduction of Cofed Carbon Dioxide Modifies the Local Coordination Environment of Zeolite-Supported, Atomically Dispersed Chromium to Promote Ethane Dehydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10060-10072. [PMID: 38551239 PMCID: PMC11009955 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The reduction of CO2 is known to promote increased alkene yields from alkane dehydrogenations when the reactions are cocatalyzed. The mechanism of this promotion is not understood in the context of catalyst active-site environments because CO2 is amphoteric, and even general aspects of the chemistry, including the significance of competing side reactions, differ significantly across catalysts. Atomically dispersed chromium cations stabilized in highly siliceous MFI zeolite are shown here to enable the study of the role of parallel CO2 reduction during ethylene-selective ethane dehydrogenation. Based on infrared spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy data interpreted through calculations using density functional theory (DFT), the synthesized catalyst contains atomically dispersed Cr cations stabilized by silanol nests in micropores. Reactor studies show that cofeeding CO2 increases stable ethylene-selective ethane dehydrogenation rates over a wide range of partial pressures. Operando X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectra indicate that during reaction at 650 °C the Cr cations maintain a nominal 2+ charge and a total Cr-O coordination number of approximately 2. However, CO2 reduction induces a change, correlated with the CO2 partial pressure, in the population of two distinct Cr-O scattering paths. This indicates that the promotional effect of parallel CO2 reduction can be attributed to a subtle change in Cr-O bond lengths in the local coordination environment of the active site. These insights are made possible by simultaneously fitting multiple EXAFS spectra recorded in different reaction conditions; this novel procedure is expected to be generally applicable for interpreting operando catalysis EXAFS data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Zhou
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Noah Felvey
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jiawei Guo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Adam S. Hoffman
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Simon R. Bare
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ambarish R. Kulkarni
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ron C. Runnebaum
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department
of Viticulture & Enology, University
of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Coleman X. Kronawitter
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ke S, Mangum JS, Zakutayev A, Greenaway AL, Neaton JB. First-Principles Studies of the Electronic and Optical Properties of Zinc Titanium Nitride: The Role of Cation Disorder. Chem Mater 2024; 36:3164-3176. [PMID: 38617805 PMCID: PMC11008105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Cation disorder is an established feature of heterovalent ternary nitrides, a promising class of semiconductor materials. A recently synthesized wurtzite-family ternary nitride, ZnTiN2, shows potential for durable photoelectrochemical applications with a measured optical absorption onset of 2 eV, which is 1.4 eV lower than previously predicted, a large difference attributed to cation disorder. Here, we use first-principles calculations based on density functional theory to establish the role of cation disorder in the electronic and optical properties of ZnTiN2. We compute antisite defect arrangement formation energies for one hundred 128-atom supercells and analyze their trends and their effect on electronic structures, rationalizing experimental results. We demonstrate that charge imbalance created by antisite defects in Ti and N local environments, respectively, broadens the conduction and valence bands near the band edges, reducing the band gap relative to the cation-ordered limit, a general mechanism relevant to other multivalent ternary nitrides. Charge-imbalanced antisite defect arrangements that lead to N-centered tetrahedral motifs fully coordinated by Zn are the most energetically costly and introduce localized in-gap states; cation arrangements that better preserve local charge balance have smaller formation energies and have less impact on the electronic structure. Our work provides insights into the nature of cation disorder in the newly synthesized semiconductor ZnTiN2, with implications for its performance in energy applications, and provides a baseline for the future study of controlling cation order in ZnTiN2 and other ternary nitrides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Ke
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John S. Mangum
- Materials,
Chemistry, and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andriy Zakutayev
- Materials,
Chemistry, and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ann L. Greenaway
- Materials,
Chemistry, and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Neaton
- Department
of Physics, University of California at
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy
NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Chan YH, Hlevyack JA, Bowers JW, Chou MY, Chiang TC. Topological Quantum Well States in Pb/Sb Thin-Film Heterostructures. ACS Nano 2024; 18:10243-10248. [PMID: 38530641 PMCID: PMC11008363 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Composite topological heterostructures, wherein topologically protected states are electronically tuned due to their proximity to other matter, are key avenues for exploring emergent physical phenomena. Particularly, pairing a topological material with a superconductor such as Pb is a promising means for generating a topological superconducting phase with exotic Majorana quasiparticles, but oft-neglected is the emergence of bulklike spin-polarized states that are quite relevant to applications. Using high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, we report the emergence of bulk-like spin-polarized topological quantum well states with long coherence lengths in Pb films grown on the topological semimetal Sb. The results establish Pb/Sb heterostructures as topological superconductor candidates and advance the current understanding of topological coupling effects required for realizing emergent physics and for designing advanced spintronic device architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Department
of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign; Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yang-hao Chan
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Physics
Division, National Center for Theoretical
Sciences, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Joseph A. Hlevyack
- Department
of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign; Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - John W. Bowers
- Department
of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign; Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mei-Yin Chou
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chang Chiang
- Department
of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign; Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li J, Yang R, Higashitarumizu N, Dai S, Wu J, Javey A, Grigoropoulos CP. Transient Nanoscopy of Exciton Dynamics in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. Adv Mater 2024:e2311568. [PMID: 38588584 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The electronic and optical properties of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides are dominated by strong excitonic resonances. Exciton dynamics plays a critical role in the functionality and performance of many miniaturized 2D optoelectronic devices; however, the measurement of nanoscale excitonic behaviors remains challenging. Here, a near-field transient nanoscopy is reported to probe exciton dynamics beyond the diffraction limit. Exciton recombination and exciton-exciton annihilation processes in monolayer and bilayer MoS2 are studied as the proof-of-concept demonstration. Moreover, with the capability to access local sites, intriguing exciton dynamics near the monolayer-bilayer interface and at the MoS2 nano-wrinkles are resolved. Such nanoscale resolution highlights the potential of this transient nanoscopy for fundamental investigation of exciton physics and further optimization of functional devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Li
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Rundi Yang
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Naoki Higashitarumizu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Siyuan Dai
- Materials Research and Education Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Junqiao Wu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ali Javey
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Costas P Grigoropoulos
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ketcham H, Zhu W, Gunnoe TB. Highly Anti-Markovnikov Selective Oxidative Arene Alkenylation Using Ir(I) Catalyst Precursors and Cu(II) Carboxylates. Organometallics 2024; 43:774-786. [PMID: 38606203 PMCID: PMC11005047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The Ir(I) complex [Ir(μ-Cl)(coe)2]2 (coe = cis-cyclooctene) is a catalyst precursor for benzene alkenylation using Cu(II) carboxylate salts. Using [Ir(μ-Cl)(coe)2]2, propenylbenzenes are formed from the reaction of benzene, propylene, and CuX2 (X = acetate, pivalate, or 2-ethylhexanoate). The Ir-catalyzed reactions selectively produce anti-Markovnikov products, trans-β-methylstyrene, cis-β-methylstyrene, and allylbenzene, along with minor amounts of the Markovnikov product, α-methylstyrene. The selectivity for the anti-Markovnikov products changed as the reaction progressed. For example, in a reaction that uses 240 equiv of Cu(OHex)2 (related to Ir), the selectivity for the anti-Markovnikov products increases from 18:1 at 3 h to 42:1 at 42 h with 30 psig of propylene at 150 °C. Studies of product stability have revealed that the increase in the selectivity for anti-Markovnikov products is not the result of an isomerization process or the selective decomposition of specific products. Rather, the change in selectivity correlates with the ratio of Cu(II) to Cu(I) in the solution, which decreases as the reaction progresses. We propose that the identity of the active catalyst changes as Cu(I) is accumulated, resulting in the formation of an active catalyst that is more selective for anti-Markovnikov products. Using a 4:1 Cu(I)/Cu(II) ratio at the start of the reaction, a 65(3):1 anti-Markovnikov/Markovnikov ratio is observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ketcham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Weihao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cao W, Wang XB. Organic Molecules Mimic Alkali Metals Enabling Spontaneous Harpoon Reactions with Halogens. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400038. [PMID: 38287792 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The harpoon mechanism has been a milestone in molecular reaction dynamics. Until now, the entity from which electron harpooning occurs has been either alkali metal atoms or non-metallic analogs in their excited states. In this work, we demonstrate that a common organic molecule, octamethylcalix[4] pyrrole (omC4P), behaves just like alkali metal atoms, enabling the formation of charge-separated ionic bonding complexes with halogens omC4P+ ⋅ X- (X=F-I, SCN) via the harpoon mechanism. Their electronic structures and chemical bonding were determined by cryogenic photoelectron spectroscopy of the corresponding anions and confirmed by theoretical analyses. The omC4P+ ⋅ X- could be visualized to form from the reactants omC4P+X via electron harpooning from omC4P to X at a distance defined by the energy difference between the ionization potential of omC4P and electron affinity of X.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P. O. Box 999, MS J7-10, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P. O. Box 999, MS J7-10, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Naumova M, Paveliuc G, Biednov M, Kubicek K, Kalinko A, Meng J, Liang M, Rahaman A, Abdellah M, Checchia S, Alves Lima F, Zalden P, Gawelda W, Bressler C, Geng H, Lin W, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Pan Q, Akter M, Kong Q, Retegan M, Gosztola DJ, Pápai M, Khakhulin D, Lawson Daku M, Zheng K, Canton SE. Nonadiabatic Charge Transfer within Photoexcited Nickel Porphyrins. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3627-3638. [PMID: 38530393 PMCID: PMC11000243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins with open d-shell ions can drive biochemical energy cycles. However, their utilization in photoconversion is hampered by rapid deactivation. Mapping the relaxation pathways is essential for elaborating strategies that can favorably alter the charge dynamics through chemical design and photoexcitation conditions. Here, we combine transient optical absorption spectroscopy and transient X-ray emission spectroscopy with femtosecond resolution to probe directly the coupled electronic and spin dynamics within a photoexcited nickel porphyrin in solution. Measurements and calculations reveal that a state with charge-transfer character mediates the formation of the thermalized excited state, thereby advancing the description of the photocycle for this important representative molecule. More generally, establishing that intramolecular charge-transfer steps play a role in the photoinduced dynamics of metalloporphyrins with open d-shell sets a conceptual ground for their development as building blocks capable of boosting nonadiabatic photoconversion in functional architectures through "hot" charge transfer down to the attosecond time scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria
A. Naumova
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gheorghe Paveliuc
- Département
de Chimie Physique, Université de
Genève, Quai E. Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - Katharina Kubicek
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The
Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University
of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee
149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich
Physik, Universität Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Kalinko
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jie Meng
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mingli Liang
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ahibur Rahaman
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department
of Chemistry, Qena Faculty of Science, South
Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Stefano Checchia
- ESRF
- The European Synchrotron, 71, avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Peter Zalden
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Calle
Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Faculty
of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - Christian Bressler
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The
Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University
of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee
149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich
Physik, Universität Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Huifang Geng
- Department
of Physics, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Weihua Lin
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yan Liu
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Qinying Pan
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marufa Akter
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Qingyu Kong
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme des
Merisiers, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Marius Retegan
- ESRF
- The European Synchrotron, 71, avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - David J. Gosztola
- Center
for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National
Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mátyás Pápai
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Center for Physics, P.O. Box 49, Budapest H-1525, Hungary
| | | | - Max Lawson Daku
- Département
de Chimie Physique, Université de
Genève, Quai E. Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sophie E. Canton
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu H, Lin H, Dai S, Jiang DE. Minimal Kinetic Model of Direct Air Capture of CO 2 by Supported Amine Sorbents in Dry and Humid Conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2024; 63:5871-5879. [PMID: 38586216 PMCID: PMC10995953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c04535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Dilute concentration (∼400 ppm) and humidity are two important factors in the direct air capture (DAC) of CO2 by supported sorbents. In this work, a minimal DAC CO2 adsorption-kinetics model was formulated for supported amine sorbents under dry and humid conditions. Our model fits well with a recent DAC experiment with supported amine sorbent in both dry and humid conditions. Temperature and flow rate effects on breakthrough curves were quantitatively captured, and increasing temperature led to faster CO2 adsorption kinetics. Moisture was shown to broaden the breakthrough curve with slower CO2 adsorption kinetics but significantly improve the uptake capacity. The present minimal model provides a versatile platform for kinetic modeling of the DAC of CO2 on supported amine and other chemisorption systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Hongfei Lin
- The
Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - De-en Jiang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fargher HA, Delmau LH, Bryantsev VS, Haley MM, Johnson DW, Moyer BA. Disrupting the Hofmeister bias in salt liquid-liquid extraction with an arylethynyl bisurea anion receptor. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5311-5318. [PMID: 38577371 PMCID: PMC10988605 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05922g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Host-mediated liquid-liquid extraction is a convenient method for the separation of inorganic salts. However, selective extraction of an anion, regardless of its hydrophilicity or lipophilicity as qualitatively described by its place in the Hofmeister series, remains challenging. Herein we report the complete disruption of the Hofmeister-based ordering of anions in host-mediated extraction by a rigidified tweezer-type receptor possessing remarkably strong anion-binding affinity under the conditions examined. Experiments introduce a convenient new method for determination of anion binding using phosphorus inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure extraction of tetra-n-butylphosphonium (TBP+) salts from water into nitrobenzene, specifically examining the disrupting effect of the added arylethynyl bisurea anion receptor. In the absence of the receptor, the salt partitioning follows the expected Hofmeister-type ordering favoring the larger, less hydrated anions; the analysis yields the value -24 kJ mol-1 for the standard Gibbs energy of partitioning of TBP+ cation from water into nitrobenzene at 25 °C. Selectivity is markedly changed by the addition of receptor to the nitrobenzene and is concentration dependent, giving rise to three selectivity regimes. We then used SXLSQI liquid-liquid equilibrium analysis software developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to fit host-mediated extraction equilibria for TBP+ salts of Cl-, Br-, I-, and NO3- to the distribution data. While the reverse-Hofmeister 1 : 1 binding of the anions by the receptor effectively cancels the Hofmeister selectivity of the TBPX partitioning into nitrobenzene, formation of unexpected 2 : 1 receptor : anion complexes favoring Cl- and Br- dominates the selectivity at elevated receptor concentrations, producing the unusual order Br- > Cl- > NO3- > I- in anion distribution wherein a middle member of the series is selected and the most lipophilic anion is disfavored. Density functional theory calculations confirmed the likelihood of forming 2 : 1 complexes, where Cl- and Br- are encapsulated by two receptors adopting energetically competitive single or double helix structures. The calculations explain the rare non-Hofmeister preference for Br-. This example shows that anion receptors can be used to control the selectivity and efficiency of salt extraction regardless of the position of the anion in the Hofmeister series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazel A Fargher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Lætitia H Delmau
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831-6384 USA
| | | | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Darren W Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Bruce A Moyer
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831-6119 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Spencer MA, Holzapfel NP, You KE, Mpourmpakis G, Augustyn V. Participation of electrochemically inserted protons in the hydrogen evolution reaction on tungsten oxides. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5385-5402. [PMID: 38577375 PMCID: PMC10988594 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00102h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms by which electrodes undergo the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is necessary to design better materials for aqueous energy storage and conversion. Here, we investigate the HER mechanism on tungsten oxide electrodes, which are stable in acidic electrolytes and can undergo proton-insertion coupled electron transfer concomitant with the HER. Electrochemical characterization showed that anhydrous and hydrated tungsten oxides undergo changes in HER activity coincident with changes in proton composition, with activity in the order HxWO3·H2O > HxWO3 > HxWO3·2H2O. We used operando X-ray diffraction and density functional theory to understand the structural and electronic changes in the materials at high states of proton insertion, when the oxides are most active towards the HER. H0.69WO3·H2O and H0.65WO3 have similar proton composition, structural symmetry, and electronic properties at the onset of the HER, yet exhibit different activity. We hypothesize that the electrochemically inserted protons can diffuse in hydrogen bronzes and participate in the HER. This would render the oxide volume, and not just the surface, as a proton and electron reservoir at high overpotentials. HER activity is highest in HxWO3·H2O, which optimizes both the degree of proton insertion and solid-state proton transport kinetics. Our results highlight the interplay between the HER and proton insertion-coupled electron transfer on transition metal oxides, many of which are non-blocking electrodes towards protons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Spencer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University 911 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| | - Noah P Holzapfel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University 911 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| | - Kyung-Eun You
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Giannis Mpourmpakis
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Veronica Augustyn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University 911 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shan W, Thomas EL. Gradient Transformation of the Double Gyroid to the Double Diamond in Soft Matter. ACS Nano 2024; 18:9443-9450. [PMID: 38466943 PMCID: PMC10993642 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Transitions between gyroid and diamond intercatenated double network phases occur in many types of soft matter, but to date, the structural pathway and the crystallographic relationships remain unclear. Slice and view scanning electron microscopy tomography of a diblock copolymer affords monitoring of the evolving shape of the intermaterial dividing surface, allowing structural characterization of both the majority and minority domains. Two trihedral malleable mesoatoms combine to form a single tetrahedral mesoatom in a volume additive manner while preserving network topology, as the types of loops, the number of mesoatoms in a loop, minority domain strut lengths, and directions that connect a given mesoatom to its neighbors evolve across a 150 nm wide transition zone (TZ). The [111]DD direction is coincident with the [110]DG direction so that the (111)DD and (110)DG planes define the boundaries of the TZ. Selection of the particular crystal orientations and direction and width of the transition zone is to minimize the cost of morphing the mesoatoms from one structure to the other, by maximizing like-block continuity and minimizing the variation of the surface curvature and thickness of the domains across the TZ. Such coherent continuity of the independent, intercatenated networks across the transition zone is critical for applications such as graded mechanical trusses where the pair of different networks are joined to provide different mechanical properties for adjacent grains or could serve as a nanoscale anode/cathode allowing super charging and discharging provided the networks are continuous and rigorously separate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Shan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
- Biomaterials
and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Palmer LD, Lee W, Dong CL, Liu RS, Wu N, Cushing SK. Determining Quasi-Equilibrium Electron and Hole Distributions of Plasmonic Photocatalysts Using Photomodulated X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. ACS Nano 2024; 18:9344-9353. [PMID: 38498940 PMCID: PMC10993415 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Most photocatalytic and photovoltaic devices operate under broadband, constant illumination. Electron and hole dynamics in these devices, however, are usually measured by using ultrafast pulsed lasers in a narrow wavelength range. In this work, we use excited-state X-ray theory originally developed for transient X-ray experiments to study steady-state photomodulated X-ray spectra. We use this method to attempt to extract electron and hole distributions from spectra collected at a nontime-resolved synchrotron beamline. A set of plasmonic metal core-shell nanoparticles is designed as the control experiment because they can systematically isolate photothermal, hot electron, and thermalized electron-hole pairs in a TiO2 shell. Steady-state changes in the Ti L2,3 edge are measured with and without continuous-wave illumination of the nanoparticle's localized surface plasmon resonance. The results suggest that within error the quasi-equilibrium carrier distribution can be determined even from relatively noisy data with mixed excited-state phenomena. Just as importantly, the theoretical analysis of noisy data is used to provide guidelines for the beamline development of photomodulated steady-state spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levi Daniel Palmer
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States
| | - Chung-Li Dong
- Department
of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Shi Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University
and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst 01003−9303, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Scott Kevin Cushing
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Quill TJ, LeCroy G, Marks A, Hesse SA, Thiburce Q, McCulloch I, Tassone CJ, Takacs CJ, Giovannitti A, Salleo A. Charge Carrier Induced Structural Ordering And Disordering in Organic Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductors. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2310157. [PMID: 38198654 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Operational stability underpins the successful application of organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) in a wide range of fields, including biosensing, neuromorphic computing, and wearable electronics. In this work, both the operation and stability of a p-type OMIEC material of various molecular weights are investigated. Electrochemical transistor measurements reveal that device operation is very stable for at least 300 charging/discharging cycles independent of molecular weight, provided the charge density is kept below the threshold where strong charge-charge interactions become likely. When electrochemically charged to higher charge densities, an increase in device hysteresis and a decrease in conductivity due to a drop in the hole mobility arising from long-range microstructural disruptions are observed. By employing operando X-ray scattering techniques, two regimes of polaron-induced structural changes are found: 1) polaron-induced structural ordering at low carrier densities, and 2) irreversible structural disordering that disrupts charge transport at high carrier densities, where charge-charge interactions are significant. These operando measurements also reveal that the transfer curve hysteresis at high carrier densities is accompanied by an analogous structural hysteresis, providing a microstructural basis for such instabilities. This work provides a mechanistic understanding of the structural dynamics and material instabilities of OMIEC materials during device operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Quill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Garrett LeCroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Adam Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sarah A Hesse
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Quentin Thiburce
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christopher J Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Christopher J Takacs
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Alexander Giovannitti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fink Z, Wu X, Kim PY, McGlasson A, Abdelsamie M, Emrick T, Sutter-Fella CM, Ashby PD, Helms BA, Russell TP. Mixed Nanosphere Assemblies at a Liquid-Liquid Interface. Small 2024; 20:e2308560. [PMID: 37994305 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The in-plane packing of gold (Au), polystyrene (PS), and silica (SiO2) spherical nanoparticle (NP) mixtures at a water-oil interface is investigated in situ by UV-vis reflection spectroscopy. All NPs are functionalized with carboxylic acid such that they strongly interact with amine-functionalized ligands dissolved in an immiscible oil phase at the fluid interface. This interaction markedly increases the binding energy of these nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs). The separation distance between the Au NPSs and Au surface coverage are measured by the maximum plasmonic wavelength (λmax) and integrated intensities as the assemblies saturate for different concentrations of non-plasmonic (PS/SiO2) NPs. As the PS/SiO2 content increases, the time to reach intimate Au NP contact also increases, resulting from their hindered mobility. λmax changes within the first few minutes of adsorption due to weak attractive inter-NP forces. Additionally, a sharper peak in the reflection spectrum at NP saturation reveals tighter Au NP packing for assemblies with intermediate non-plasmonic NP content. Grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements confirm a decrease in Au NP domain size for mixtures with larger non-plasmonic NP content. The results demonstrate a simple means to probe interfacial phase separation behavior using in situ spectroscopy as interfacial structures densify into jammed, phase-separated NP films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Fink
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Xuefei Wu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Paul Y Kim
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alex McGlasson
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Maged Abdelsamie
- Material Science and Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | | | - Paul D Ashby
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Brett A Helms
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu Y, Kennedy ER, Yasar B, Paik H, Zhang Y, Hood ZD, Scott M, Rupp JLM. Uncovering the Network Modifier for Highly Disordered Amorphous Li-Garnet Glass-Ceramics. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2302438. [PMID: 38289273 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Highly disordered amorphous Li7La3Zr2O12 (aLLZO) is a promising class of electrolyte separators and protective layers for hybrid or all-solid-state batteries due to its grain-boundary-free nature and wide electrochemical stability window. Unlike low-entropy ionic glasses such as LixPOyNz (LiPON), these medium-entropy non-Zachariasen aLLZO phases offer a higher number of stable structure arrangements over a wide range of tunable synthesis temperatures, providing the potential to tune the LBU-Li+ transport relation. It is revealed that lanthanum is the active "network modifier" for this new class of highly disordered Li+ conductors, whereas zirconium and lithium serve as "network formers". Specifically, within the solubility limit of La in aLLZO, increasing the La concentration can result in longer bond distances between the first nearest neighbors of Zr─O and La─O within the same local building unit (LBU) and the second nearest neighbors of Zr─La across two adjacent network-former and network-modifier LBUs, suggesting a more disordered medium- and long-range order structure in LLZO. These findings open new avenues for future designs of amorphous Li+ electrolytes and the selection of network-modifier dopants. Moreover, the wide yet relatively low synthesis temperatures of these glass-ceramics make them attractive candidates for low-cost and more sustainable hybrid- or all-solid-state batteries for energy storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ellis R Kennedy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bengisu Yasar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Haemin Paik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zachary D Hood
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Mary Scott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer L M Rupp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- TUMint. Energy Research GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xu Q, Cheung HFH, Cormode DS, Puel TO, Pal S, Yusuf H, Chilcote M, Flatté ME, Johnston‐Halperin E, Fuchs GD. Strong Photon-Magnon Coupling Using a Lithographically Defined Organic Ferrimagnet. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2310032. [PMID: 38279583 PMCID: PMC11005739 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
A cavity-magnonic system composed of a superconducting microwave resonator coupled to a magnon mode hosted by the organic-based ferrimagnet vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x) is demonstrated. This work is motivated by the challenge of scalably integrating a low-damping magnetic system with planar superconducting circuits. V[TCNE]x has ultra-low intrinsic damping, can be grown at low processing temperatures on arbitrary substrates, and can be patterned via electron beam lithography. The devices operate in the strong coupling regime, with a cooperativity exceeding 1000 for coupling between the Kittel mode and the resonator mode at T≈0.4 K, suitable for scalable quantum circuit integration. Higher-order magnon modes are also observed with much narrower linewidths than the Kittel mode. This work paves the way for high-cooperativity hybrid quantum devices in which magnonic circuits can be designed and fabricated as easily as electrical wires.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- Department of PhysicsCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | | | | | - Tharnier O. Puel
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA
| | - Srishti Pal
- School of Applied and Engineering PhysicsCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Huma Yusuf
- Department of PhysicsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Michael Chilcote
- School of Applied and Engineering PhysicsCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Michael E. Flatté
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA
| | | | - Gregory D. Fuchs
- School of Applied and Engineering PhysicsCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Y, Zhao W, Chen X, Ji Y, Zhu X, Chen X, Mei D, Shi H, Lercher JA. Methane-H 2S Reforming Catalyzed by Carbon and Metal Sulfide Stabilized Sulfur Dimers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8630-8640. [PMID: 38488522 PMCID: PMC10979457 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
H2S reforming of methane (HRM) provides a potential strategy to directly utilize sour natural gas for the production of COx-free H2 and sulfur chemicals. Several carbon allotropes were found to be active and selective for HRM, while the additional presence of transition metals led to further rate enhancements and outstanding stability (e.g., Ru supported on carbon black). Most metals are transformed to sulfides, but the carbon supports prevent sintering under the harsh reaction conditions. Supported by theoretical calculations, kinetic and isotopic investigations with representative catalysts showed that H2S decomposition and the recombination of surface H atoms are quasi-equilibrated, while the first C-H bond scission is the kinetically relevant step. Theory and experiments jointly establish that dynamically formed surface sulfur dimers are responsible for methane activation and catalytic turnovers on sulfide and carbon surfaces that are otherwise inert without reaction-derived active sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wenru Zhao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong
University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yinjie Ji
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute
for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xilei Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Xiaomai Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Donghai Mei
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong
University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shi
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute
for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Personick ML, Jallow AA, Halford GC, Baker LA. Nanomaterials Synthesis Discovery via Parallel Electrochemical Deposition. Chem Mater 2024; 36:3034-3041. [PMID: 38558921 PMCID: PMC10976633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Electrodeposition of nanoparticles is investigated with a multichannel potentiostat in electrochemical and chemical arrays. De novo deposition and shape control of palladium nanoparticles are explored in arrays with a two-stage strategy. Initial conditions for electrodeposition of materials are discovered in a first stage and then used in a second stage to logically expand chemical and electrochemical parameters. Shape control is analyzed primarily with scanning electron microscopy. Using this approach, optimized conditions for the electrodeposition of cubic palladium nanoparticles were identified from a set of previously untested electrodeposition conditions. The parameters discovered through the array format were then successfully extrapolated to a traditional bulk three-electrode electrochemical cell. Electrochemical arrays were also used to explore electrodeposition parameters reported in previous bulk studies, further demonstrating the correspondence between the array and bulk systems. These results broadly highlight opportunities for electrochemical arrays, both for discovery and for further investigations of electrodeposition in nanomaterials synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Personick
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | - Abdoulie A. Jallow
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Gabriel C. Halford
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Lane A. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cheng J, Peng X, Zhang YQ, Tian Y, Ogunfunmi T, Haddad AZ, Dopilka A, Ceder G, Persson KA, Scott MC. Oxygen Transport through Amorphous Cathode Coatings in Solid-State Batteries. Chem Mater 2024; 36:2642-2651. [PMID: 38558919 PMCID: PMC10976630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
All solid-state batteries (SSBs) are considered the most promising path to enabling higher energy-density portable energy, while concurrently improving safety as compared to current liquid electrolyte solutions. However, the desire for high energy necessitates the choice of high-voltage cathodes, such as nickel-rich layered oxides, where degradation phenomena related to oxygen loss and structural densification at the cathode surface are known to significantly compromise the cycle and thermal stability. In this work, we show, for the first time, that even in an SSB, and when protected by an intact amorphous coating, the LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) surface transforms from a layered structure into a rocksalt-like structure after electrochemical cycling. The transformation of the surface structure of the Li3B11O18 (LBO)-coated NMC532 cathode in a thiophosphate-based solid-state cell is characterized by high-resolution complementary electron microscopy techniques and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Ab initio molecular dynamics corroborate facile transport of O2- in the LBO coating and in other typical coating materials. This work identifies that oxygen loss remains a formidable challenge and barrier to long-cycle life high-energy storage, even in SSBs with durable, amorphous cathode coatings, and directs attention to considering oxygen permeability as an important new design criteria for coating materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Cheng
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xinxing Peng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ya-Qian Zhang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yaosen Tian
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tofunmi Ogunfunmi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrew Z. Haddad
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrew Dopilka
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gerbrand Ceder
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristin A. Persson
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mary C. Scott
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Candeago R, Wang H, Nguyen MT, Doucet M, Glezakou VA, Browning JF, Su X. Unraveling the Role of Solvation and Ion Valency on Redox-Mediated Electrosorption through In Situ Neutron Reflectometry and Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics. JACS Au 2024; 4:919-929. [PMID: 38559709 PMCID: PMC10976571 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Solvation and ion valency effects on selectivity of metal oxyanions at redox-polymer interfaces are explored through in situ spatial-temporally resolved neutron reflectometry combined with large scale ab initio molecular dynamics. The selectivity of ReO4- vs MoO42- for two redox-metallopolymers, poly(vinyl ferrocene) (PVFc) and poly(3-ferrocenylpropyl methacrylamide) (PFPMAm) is evaluated. PVFc has a higher Re/Mo separation factor compared to PFPMAm at 0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl. In situ techniques show that both PVFc and PFPMAm swell in the presence of ReO4- (having higher solvation with PFPMAm), but do not swell in contact with MoO42-. Ab initio molecular simulations suggest that MoO42- maintains a well-defined double solvation shell compared to ReO4-. The more loosely solvated anion (ReO4-) is preferably adsorbed by the more hydrophobic redox polymer (PVFc), and electrostatic cross-linking driven by divalent anionic interactions could impair film swelling. Thus, the in-depth understanding of selectivity mechanisms can accelerate the design of ion-selective redox-mediated separation systems for transition metal recovery and recycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Candeago
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Physical
and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Mathieu Doucet
- Neutron
Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | | | - James F. Browning
- Neutron
Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao B, Ren G, Mei H, Wu VC, Singh S, Jung GY, Chen H, Giovine R, Niu S, Thind AS, Salman J, Settineri NS, Chakoumakos BC, Manley ME, Hermann RP, Lupini AR, Chi M, Hachtel JA, Simonov A, Teat SJ, Clément RJ, Kats MA, Ravichandran J, Mishra R. Giant Modulation of Refractive Index from Picoscale Atomic Displacements. Adv Mater 2024:e2311559. [PMID: 38520395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
It is shown that structural disorder-in the form of anisotropic, picoscale atomic displacements-modulates the refractive index tensor and results in the giant optical anisotropy observed in BaTiS3, a quasi-1D hexagonal chalcogenide. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal the presence of antipolar displacements of Ti atoms within adjacent TiS6 chains along the c-axis, and threefold degenerate Ti displacements in the a-b plane. 47/49Ti solid-state NMR provides additional evidence for those Ti displacements in the form of a three-horned NMR lineshape resulting from a low symmetry local environment around Ti atoms. Scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to directly observe the globally disordered Ti a-b plane displacements and find them to be ordered locally over a few unit cells. First-principles calculations show that the Ti a-b plane displacements selectively reduce the refractive index along the ab-plane, while having minimal impact on the refractive index along the chain direction, thus resulting in a giant enhancement in the optical anisotropy. By showing a strong connection between structural disorder with picoscale displacements and the optical response in BaTiS3, this study opens a pathway for designing optical materials with high refractive index and functionalities such as large optical anisotropy and nonlinearity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Zhao
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Guodong Ren
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Hongyan Mei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Vincent C Wu
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Shantanu Singh
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Gwan Yeong Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Huandong Chen
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Raynald Giovine
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Shanyuan Niu
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Arashdeep S Thind
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jad Salman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Nick S Settineri
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bryan C Chakoumakos
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Michael E Manley
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Raphael P Hermann
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Andrew R Lupini
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jordan A Hachtel
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Arkadiy Simonov
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Raphaële J Clément
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Mikhail A Kats
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jayakanth Ravichandran
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Core Center of Excellence in Nano Imaging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Rohan Mishra
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fricke SN, Salgado M, Menezes T, Costa Santos KM, Gallagher NB, Song AY, Wang J, Engler K, Wang Y, Mao H, Reimer JA. Multivariate Machine Learning Models of Nanoscale Porosity from Ultrafast NMR Relaxometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316664. [PMID: 38290006 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Nanoporous materials are of great interest in many applications, such as catalysis, separation, and energy storage. The performance of these materials is closely related to their pore sizes, which are inefficient to determine through the conventional measurement of gas adsorption isotherms. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry has emerged as a technique highly sensitive to porosity in such materials. Nonetheless, streamlined methods to estimate pore size from NMR relaxometry remain elusive. Previous attempts have been hindered by inverting a time domain signal to relaxation rate distribution, and dealing with resulting parameters that vary in number, location, and magnitude. Here we invoke well-established machine learning techniques to directly correlate time domain signals to BET surface areas for a set of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) imbibed with solvent at varied concentrations. We employ this series of MOFs to establish a correlation between NMR signal and surface area via partial least squares (PLS), following screening with principal component analysis, and apply the PLS model to predict surface area of various nanoporous materials. This approach offers a high-throughput, non-destructive way to assess porosity in c.a. one minute. We anticipate this work will contribute to the development of new materials with optimized pore sizes for various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N Fricke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mia Salgado
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tamires Menezes
- Department of Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, SE 49010-390, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ah-Young Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jieyu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Engler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Haiyan Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Reimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rajawasam CWH, Tran C, Sparks JL, Krueger WH, Hartley CS, Konkolewicz D. Carbodiimide-Driven Toughening of Interpenetrated Polymer Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202400843. [PMID: 38517330 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated that temporary crosslinks in polymer networks generated by chemical "fuels" afford materials with large, transient changes in their mechanical properties. This can be accomplished in carboxylic-acid-functionalized polymer hydrogels using carbodiimides, which generate anhydride crosslinks with lifetimes on the order of minutes to hours. Here, the impact of the polymer network architecture on the mechanical properties of transiently crosslinked materials was explored. Single networks (SNs) were compared to interpenetrated networks (IPNs). Notably, semi-IPN precursors that give IPNs on treatment with carbodiimide give much higher fracture energies (i.e., resistance to fracture) and superior resistance to compressive strain compared to other network architectures. A precursor semi-IPN material featuring acrylic acid in only the free polymer chains yields, on treatment with carbodiimide, an IPN with a fracture energy of 2400 J/m2, a fourfold increase compared to an analogous semi-IPN precursor that yields a SN. This resistance to fracture enables the formation of macroscopic complex cut patterns, even at high strain, underscoring the pivotal role of polymer architecture in mechanical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Corvo Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Jessica L Sparks
- Department of Chemical Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - William H Krueger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - C Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Misiewicz J, Evangelista FA. Implementation of the Projective Quantum Eigensolver on a Quantum Computer. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2220-2235. [PMID: 38452262 PMCID: PMC10961848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
We study the performance of our previously proposed projective quantum eigensolver (PQE) on IBM's quantum hardware in conjunction with error mitigation techniques. For a single qubit model of H2, we find that we are able to obtain energies within 4 millihartree (2.5 kcal/mol) of the exact energy along the entire potential energy curve, with the accuracy limited by both the stochastic error and the inconsistent performance of the IBM devices. We find that an optimization algorithm using direct inversion of the iterative subspace can converge swiftly, even to excited states, but stochastic noise can prompt large parameter updates. For the 4-site transverse-field Ising model at its critical point, PQE with an appropriate application of qubit tapering can recover 99% of the correlation energy, even after discarding several parameters. The large number of CNOT gates needed for the additional parameters introduces a concomitant error that, on the IBM devices, results in a loss of accuracy despite the increased expressivity of the trial state. Error extrapolation techniques and tapering or postselection are recommended to mitigate errors in PQE hardware experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco A. Evangelista
- Department of Chemistry and
Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Farrell S, Khwaja M, Paredes IJ, Oyuela C, Clarke W, Osinski N, Ebrahim AM, Paul SJ, Kannan H, Mo̷lnås H, Ma L, Ehrlich SN, Liu X, Riedo E, Rangarajan S, Frenkel AI, Sahu A. Elucidating Local Structure and Positional Effect of Dopants in Colloidal Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets for Catalytic Hydrogenolysis. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2024; 128:4470-4482. [PMID: 38533242 PMCID: PMC10961832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Tailoring nanoscale catalysts to targeted applications is a vital component in reducing the carbon footprint of industrial processes; however, understanding and controlling the nanostructure influence on catalysts is challenging. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) material, is a popular example of a nonplatinum-group-metal catalyst with tunable nanoscale properties. Doping with transition metal atoms, such as cobalt, is one method of enhancing its catalytic properties. However, the location and influence of dopant atoms on catalyst behavior are poorly understood. To investigate this knowledge gap, we studied the influence of Co dopants in MoS2 nanosheets on catalytic hydrodesulfurization (HDS) through a well-controlled, ligand-directed, tunable colloidal doping approach. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations revealed the nonmonotonous relationship between dopant concentration, location, and activity in HDS. Catalyst activity peaked at 21% Co:Mo as Co saturates the edge sites and begins basal plane doping. While Co prefers to dope the edges over basal sites, basal Co atoms are demonstrably more catalytically active than edge Co. These findings provide insight into the hydrogenolysis behavior of doped TMDs and can be extended to other TMD materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven
L. Farrell
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Mersal Khwaja
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Ingrid J. Paredes
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Christopher Oyuela
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - William Clarke
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Noah Osinski
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Amani M. Ebrahim
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Shlok J. Paul
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Haripriya Kannan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Håvard Mo̷lnås
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Lu Ma
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Steven N. Ehrlich
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Elisa Riedo
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Srinivas Rangarajan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Anatoly I. Frenkel
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ayaskanta Sahu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Becker K, Xiao C, Assavachin S, Kundmann A, Osterloh FE. 14.8% Quantum Efficient Gallium Phosphide Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7723-7733. [PMID: 38451833 PMCID: PMC10958512 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Gallium phosphide is an established photoelectrode material for H2 or O2 evolution from water, but particle-based GaP photocatalysts for H2 evolution are very rare. To understand the reasons, we investigated the photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction (HER) of suspended n-type GaP particles with iodide, sulfite, ferricyanide, ferrous ion, and hydrosulfide as sacrificial electron donors, and using Pt, RhyCr2-yO3, and Ni2P HER cocatalysts. A record apparent quantum efficiency of 14.8% at 525 nm was achieved after removing gallium and oxide charge trapping states from the GaP surface, adding a Ni2P cocatalyst to reduce the proton reduction overpotential, lowering the Schottky-barrier at the GaP-cocatalyst interface, adjusting the polarity of the depletion layer at the GaP-liquid interface, and optimizing the electrochemical potential of the electron donor. The work not only showcases the main factors that control charge separation in suspended photocatalysts, but it also explains why most known HER photocatalysts in the literature are based on n-type and not p-type semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Becker
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Chengcan Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Samutr Assavachin
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Anna Kundmann
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Frank E. Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hobson AD, Zhu H, Qiu W, Judge RA, Longenecker K. Minimising the payload solvent exposed hydrophobic surface area optimises the antibody-drug conjugate properties. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:832-838. [PMID: 38516584 PMCID: PMC10953475 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00540b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor modulators (GRMs) are an established and successful compound class for the treatment of multiple diseases. In addition, they are an area of high interest as payloads for antibody-drug conjugate s(ADCs) in both immunology and oncology. Solving the crystal structure of compound 2, the GRM payload from ABBV-3373 and ABBV-154, in the ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) revealed key information to facilitate optimal ADC payload design. All four critical H-bonds between the oxygen functional groups on the hexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene ring system of the small molecule and protein were shown to be made (carbonyl at C3 to Gln570 and Arg611 and Asn564, carbonyl at C20 to Thr739, hydroxyl at C21 to Asn 564 and Thr739). In addition, an extra H-bond between the linker attachment site on compound 2, the aniline in the biaryl region, was observed. Confirmation of the stereochemistry of the acetal in compound 2 as (R) was established. Finally, the importance of minimising the exposed hydrophobic surface area of a payload to reduce the negative impact on the properties of resulting ADCs, like aggregation, was rationalised by comparison of (R)-acetal compound 2 and (S)-acetal compound 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian D Hobson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center 381 Plantation Street Worcester Massachusetts 01605 USA
| | - Haizhong Zhu
- AbbVie Inc. 1 North Waukegan Road North Chicago IL 60064 USA
| | - Wei Qiu
- AbbVie Inc. 1 North Waukegan Road North Chicago IL 60064 USA
| | - Russell A Judge
- AbbVie Inc. 1 North Waukegan Road North Chicago IL 60064 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Huang T, He S, Ni A, Lian T, Lee Tang M. Triplet energy transfer from quantum dots increases Ln(iii) photoluminescence, enabling excitation at visible wavelengths. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4556-4563. [PMID: 38516074 PMCID: PMC10952073 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05408j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Europium(iii) complexes are promising for bioimaging because of their long-lived, narrow emission. The photoluminescence (PL) from europium(iii) complexes is usually low. Thus, the effective utilization of low-energy light >400 nm and enhancement of PL are long-standing goals. Here, we show for the first time that 1-naphthoic acid triplet transmitter ligands bound to CdS quantum dots (QDs) and europium(iii) complexes create an energy transfer cascade that takes advantage of the strong QD absorption. This is confirmed by transient absorption spectroscopy, which shows hole mediated triplet energy transfer from QDs to 1-NCA, followed by triplet transfer from 1-NCA to europium(iii) complexes with an efficiency of 65.9 ± 7.7%. Smaller CdS QDs with a larger driving force lead to higher triplet transfer efficiency, with Eu(iii) PL intensity enhanced up to 21.4 times, the highest value ever reported. This hybrid QD system introduces an innovative approach to enhance the brightness of europium complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Sheng He
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast Atlanta Georgia 30322 USA
| | - Anji Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast Atlanta Georgia 30322 USA
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast Atlanta Georgia 30322 USA
| | - Ming Lee Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hobson AD, Zhu H, Qiu W, Judge RA, Longenecker K. Correction: Minimising the payload solvent exposed hydrophobic surface area optimises the antibody-drug conjugate properties. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1072. [PMID: 38516596 PMCID: PMC10953483 DOI: 10.1039/d4md90009j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D3MD00540B.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian D Hobson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center 381 Plantation Street Worcester Massachusetts 01605 USA
| | - Haizhong Zhu
- AbbVie Inc. 1 North Waukegan Road North Chicago IL 60064 USA
| | - Wei Qiu
- AbbVie Inc. 1 North Waukegan Road North Chicago IL 60064 USA
| | - Russell A Judge
- AbbVie Inc. 1 North Waukegan Road North Chicago IL 60064 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dantus M. Tracking Molecular Fragmentation in Electron-Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Ultrafast Time Resolution. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:845-854. [PMID: 38366970 PMCID: PMC10956387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusMass spectrometry is a powerful analytical method capable of identifying compounds given a minute amount of material. The fragmentation pattern that results following molecular activation serves as a fingerprint that can be matched to a database compound for identification. Over the past half century, studies have addressed and, in many cases, named the chemical reactions that lead to some of the principal fragment ions. Theories have been developed to predict the observed fragmentation patterns, many of which assume that energy redistributes prior to dissociation. However, the existence of rearrangements and nonergodic processes complicates the prediction of fragmentation patterns and the identification of compounds that have yet to be entered into a curated database. To date, very few studies have addressed the time-dependent nature of the fragmentation of radical cations and, in particular, processes occurring with picosecond or shorter time scales where one expects to find nonergodic reactions.This Account focuses on a novel approach that enables tracking of molecular fragmentation in electron-ionization mass spectrometry with ultrafast time resolution. The two challenges that have prevented the time-resolved studies following electron ionization are the random impact parameter and moment of ionization of each molecule. In addition, medium-sized molecules can produce fragmentation patterns with tens if not hundreds of product ions. Spectroscopically interrogating all of these ions as a function of time is another major challenge. We describe strong field disruptive probing, a method that ionizes molecules on a femtosecond time scale and allows us to track in time the formation of all fragment ions simultaneously.Molecular fragmentation following ionization can occur on a very wide range of time scales. Metastable ions can survive from nanoseconds to microseconds; reactions that depend on vibrational energy redistribution can take picoseconds to nanoseconds; and direct dissociation processes and some rearrangements can take place in femtoseconds to picoseconds. All of these processes depend on the dynamics that occur during attoseconds and femtoseconds following the ionization process. Following a discussion of these time scales, we provide three examples of fragmentations that have been studied with femtosecond time resolution. Each of these examples include unforeseen reaction dynamics that involve a nonergodic process, highlighting the importance of time resolution in mass spectrometry. Finally, we explore future challenges and unresolved questions in mass spectrometry and, more broadly, in the domain of electron-initiated chemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Dantus
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lei M, Li B, Liu H, Jiang DE. Dynamic Monkey Bar Mechanism of Superionic Li-ion Transport in LiTaCl 6. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315628. [PMID: 38079229 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The LiTaCl6 solid electrolyte has the lowest activation energy of ionic conduction at ambient conditions (0.165 eV), with a record high ionic conductivity for a ternary compound (11 mS cm-1 ). However, the mechanism has been unclear. We train machine-learning force fields (MLFF) on ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) data on-the-fly and perform MLFF MD simulations of AIMD quality up to the nanosecond scale at the experimental temperatures, which allows us to predict accurate activation energy for Li-ion diffusion (at 0.164 eV). Detailed analyses of trajectories and vibrational density of states show that the large-amplitude vibrations of Cl- ions in TaCl6 - enable the fast Li-ion transport by allowing dynamic breaking and reforming of Li-Cl bonds across the space in between the TaCl6 - octahedra. We term this process the dynamic-monkey-bar mechanism of superionic Li+ transport which could aid the development of new solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN-37235, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN-37235, USA
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN-37235, USA
| | - De-En Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN-37235, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN-37235, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang H, Chen L, Rutherford A, Zhou H, Xie W. Long-Range Structural Order in a Hidden Phase of Ruddlesden-Popper Bilayer Nickelate La 3Ni 2O 7. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5020-5026. [PMID: 38440856 PMCID: PMC10951943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The recent discovery of superconductivity in the Ruddlesden-Popper bilayer nickelate, specifically La3Ni2O7, has generated significant interest in the exploration of high-temperature superconductivity within this material family. In this study, we present the crystallographic and electrical resistivity properties of two distinct Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates: the bilayer La3Ni2O7 (referred to as 2222-phase) and a previously uncharacterized phase, La3Ni2O7 (1313-phase). The 2222-phase is characterized by a pseudo F-centered orthorhombic lattice, featuring bilayer perovskite [LaNiO3] layers interspaced by rock salt [LaO] layers, forming a repeated ...2222... sequence. Intriguingly, the 1313-phase, which displays semiconducting properties, crystallizes in the Cmmm space group and exhibits a pronounced predilection for a C-centered orthorhombic lattice. Within this structure, the perovskite [LaNiO3] layers exhibit a distinctive long-range ordered arrangement, alternating between single- and trilayer configurations, resulting in a ...1313... sequence. This report contributes to novel insights into the crystallography and the structure-property relationship of Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates, paving the way for further investigations into their unique physical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Long Chen
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Aya Rutherford
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Haidong Zhou
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Samudrala K, Akram MO, Dutton JL, Martin CD, Conley MP. Formation of Strong Boron Lewis Acid Sites on Silica. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4939-4946. [PMID: 38451151 PMCID: PMC10951953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Bis(1-methyl-ortho-carboranyl)borane (HBMeoCb2) is a very strong Lewis acid that reacts with the isolated silanols present on silica partially dehydroxylated at 700 °C (SiO2-700) to form the well-defined Lewis site MeoCb2B(OSi≡) (1) and H2. 11B{1H} magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data of 1 are consistent with that of a three-coordinate boron site. Contacting 1 with O═PEt3 (triethylphosphine oxide TEPO) and measuring 31P{1H} MAS NMR spectra show that 1 preserves the strong Lewis acidity of HBMeoCb2. Hydride ion affinity and fluoride ion affinity calculations using small molecules analogs of 1 also support the strong Lewis acidity of the boron sites in this material. Reactions of 1 with Cp2Hf(13CH3)2 show that the Lewis sites are capable of abstracting methide groups from Hf to form [Cp2Hf-13CH3][H313C-B(MeoCb2)OSi≡], but with a low overall efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manjur O. Akram
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department
of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Caleb D. Martin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Matthew P. Conley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Meisenheimer P, Ghosal A, Hoglund E, Wang Z, Behera P, Gómez-Ortiz F, Kavle P, Karapetrova E, García-Fernández P, Martin LW, Raja A, Chen LQ, Hopkins PE, Junquera J, Ramesh R. Interlayer Coupling Controlled Ordering and Phases in Polar Vortex Superlattices. Nano Lett 2024; 24:2972-2979. [PMID: 38416567 PMCID: PMC10941248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The recent discovery of polar topological structures has opened the door for exciting physics and emergent properties. There is, however, little methodology to engineer stability and ordering in these systems, properties of interest for engineering emergent functionalities. Notably, when the surface area is extended to arbitrary thicknesses, the topological polar texture becomes unstable. Here we show that this instability of the phase is due to electrical coupling between successive layers. We demonstrate that this electrical coupling is indicative of an effective screening length in the dielectric, similar to the conductor-ferroelectric interface. Controlling the electrostatics of the superlattice interfaces, the system can be tuned between a pure topological vortex state and a mixed classical-topological phase. This coupling also enables engineering coherency among the vortices, not only tuning the bulk phase diagram but also enabling the emergence of a 3D lattice of polar textures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Meisenheimer
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Arundhati Ghosal
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric Hoglund
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn
State University, State
College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Piush Behera
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Fernando Gómez-Ortiz
- Departamento
de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Pravin Kavle
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Evguenia Karapetrova
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Pablo García-Fernández
- Departamento
de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Lane W. Martin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Archana Raja
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn
State University, State
College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Patrick E. Hopkins
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Javier Junquera
- Departamento
de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pham T, Reidy K, Thomsen JD, Wang B, Deshmukh N, Filler MA, Ross FM. Salt-Assisted Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth of 1D van der Waals Materials. Adv Mater 2024:e2309360. [PMID: 38479025 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The method of salt-assisted vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth is introduced to synthesize 1D nanostructures of trichalcogenide van der Waals (vdW) materials, exemplified by niobium trisulfide (NbS3 ). The method uses a unique catalyst consisting of an alloy of Au and an alkali metal halide (NaCl) to enable rapid and directional growth. High yields of two types of NbS3 1D nanostructures, nanowires and nanoribbons, each with sub-ten nanometer diameter, tens of micrometers length, and distinct 1D morphology and growth orientation are demonstrated. Strategies to control the location, size, and morphology of growth, and extend the growth method to synthesize other transition metal trichalcogenides, NbSe3 and TiS3 , as nanowires are demonstrated. Finally, the role of the Au-NaCl alloy catalyst in guiding VLS synthesis is described and the growth mechanism based on the relationships measured between structure (growth orientation, morphology, and dimensions) and growth conditions (catalyst volume and growth time) is discussed. These results introduce opportunities to expand the library of emerging 1D vdW materials to make use of their unique properties through controlled growth at nanoscale dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thang Pham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kate Reidy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joachim D Thomsen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Baoming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nishant Deshmukh
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Michael A Filler
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Frances M Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yu B, Chang BS, Loo WS, Dhuey S, O’Reilly P, Ashby PD, Connolly MD, Tikhomirov G, Zuckermann RN, Ruiz R. Nanopatterned Monolayers of Bioinspired, Sequence-Defined Polypeptoid Brushes for Semiconductor/Bio Interfaces. ACS Nano 2024; 18:7411-7423. [PMID: 38412617 PMCID: PMC10938923 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The ability to control and manipulate semiconductor/bio interfaces is essential to enable biological nanofabrication pathways and bioelectronic devices. Traditional surface functionalization methods, such as self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), provide limited customization for these interfaces. Polymer brushes offer a wider range of chemistries, but choices that maintain compatibility with both lithographic patterning and biological systems are scarce. Here, we developed a class of bioinspired, sequence-defined polymers, i.e., polypeptoids, as tailored polymer brushes for surface modification of semiconductor substrates. Polypeptoids featuring a terminal hydroxyl (-OH) group are designed and synthesized for efficient melt grafting onto the native oxide layer of Si substrates, forming ultrathin (∼1 nm) monolayers. By programming monomer chemistry, our polypeptoid brush platform offers versatile surface modification, including adjustments to surface energy, passivation, preferential biomolecule attachment, and specific biomolecule binding. Importantly, the polypeptoid brush monolayers remain compatible with electron-beam lithographic patterning and retain their chemical characteristics even under harsh lithographic conditions. Electron-beam lithography is used over polypeptoid brushes to generate highly precise, binary nanoscale patterns with localized functionality for the selective immobilization (or passivation) of biomacromolecules, such as DNA origami or streptavidin, onto addressable arrays. This surface modification strategy with bioinspired, sequence-defined polypeptoid brushes enables monomer-level control over surface properties with a large parameter space of monomer chemistry and sequence and therefore is a highly versatile platform to precisely engineer semiconductor/bio interfaces for bioelectronics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beihang Yu
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Boyce S. Chang
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Whitney S. Loo
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Prizker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Scott Dhuey
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Paul D. Ashby
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael D. Connolly
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Grigory Tikhomirov
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94709, United States
| | - Ronald N. Zuckermann
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ricardo Ruiz
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Garcia-Arellano G, López-Morales GI, Manson NB, Flick J, Wood AA, Meriles CA. Photo-Induced Charge State Dynamics of the Neutral and Negatively Charged Silicon Vacancy Centers in Room-Temperature Diamond. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2308814. [PMID: 38475912 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The silicon vacancy (SiV) center in diamond is drawing much attention due to its optical and spin properties, attractive for quantum information processing and sensing. Comparatively little is known, however, about the dynamics governing SiV charge state interconversion mainly due to challenges associated with generating, stabilizing, and characterizing all possible charge states, particularly at room temperature. Here, multi-color confocal microscopy and density functional theory are used to examine photo-induced SiV recombination - from neutral, to single-, to double-negatively charged - over a broad spectral window in chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) diamond under ambient conditions. For the SiV0 to SiV- transition, a linear growth of the photo-recombination rate with laser power at all observed wavelengths is found, a hallmark of single photon dynamics. Laser excitation of SiV- , on the other hand, yields only fractional recombination into SiV2- , a finding that is interpreted in terms of a photo-activated electron tunneling process from proximal nitrogen atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Garcia-Arellano
- Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - G I López-Morales
- Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - N B Manson
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - J Flick
- Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- CUNY-Graduate Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - A A Wood
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - C A Meriles
- Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- CUNY-Graduate Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Plisson VM, Yao X, Wang Y, Varnavides G, Suslov A, Graf D, Choi ES, Yang HY, Wang Y, Romanelli M, McNamara G, Singh B, McCandless GT, Chan JY, Narang P, Tafti F, Burch KS. Engineering Anomalously Large Electron Transport in Topological Semimetals. Adv Mater 2024:e2310944. [PMID: 38470991 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Anomalous transport of topological semimetals has generated significant interest for applications in optoelectronics, nanoscale devices, and interconnects. Understanding the origin of novel transport is crucial to engineering the desired material properties, yet their orders of magnitude higher transport than single-particle mobilities remain unexplained. This work demonstrates the dramatic mobility enhancements result from phonons primarily returning momentum to electrons due to phonon-electron dominating over phonon-phonon scattering. Proving this idea, proposed by Peierls in 1932, requires tuning electron and phonon dispersions without changing symmetry, topology, or disorder. This is achieved by combining de Haas - van Alphen (dHvA), electron transport, Raman scattering, and first-principles calculations in the topological semimetals MX2 (M = Nb, Ta and X = Ge, Si). Replacing Ge with Si brings the transport mobilities from an order magnitude larger than single particle ones to nearly balanced. This occurs without changing the crystal structure or topology and with small differences in disorder or Fermi surface. Simultaneously, Raman scattering and first-principles calculations establish phonon-electron dominated scattering only in the MGe2 compounds. Thus, this study proves that phonon-drag is crucial to the transport properties of topological semimetals and provides insight to engineer these materials further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohan Yao
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Yaxian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - George Varnavides
- College of Letters and Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Alexey Suslov
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310, USA
| | - David Graf
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310, USA
| | - Eun Sang Choi
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310, USA
| | - Hung-Yu Yang
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | | | - Grant McNamara
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Birender Singh
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Gregory T McCandless
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemisty, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Julia Y Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemisty, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Prineha Narang
- College of Letters and Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Fazel Tafti
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Burch
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sánchez-Leija R, Mysona JA, de Pablo JJ, Nealey PF. Phase Behavior and Conformational Asymmetry near the Comb-to-Bottlebrush Transition in Linear-Brush Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2024; 57:2019-2029. [PMID: 38495384 PMCID: PMC10938885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This study explores how conformational asymmetry influences the bulk phase behavior of linear-brush block copolymers. We synthesized 60 diblock copolymers composed of poly(trifluoroethyl methacrylate) as the linear block and poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] as the brush block, varying the molecular weight, composition, and side-chain length to introduce different degrees of conformational asymmetry. Using small-angle X-ray scattering, we determined the morphology and phase diagrams for three different side-chain length systems, mainly observing lamellar and cylindrical phases. Increasing the side-chain length of the brush block from three to nine ethylene oxide units introduces sufficient asymmetry between the blocks to alter the phase behavior, shifting the lamellar-to-cylindrical transitions toward lower brush block compositions and transitioning the brush block from the dense comb-like regime to the bottlebrush regime. Coarse-grained simulations support our experimental observations and provide a mapping between the composition and conformational asymmetry. A comparison of our findings to strong stretching theory across multiple phase boundary predictions confirms the transition between the dense comb-like regime and the bottlebrush regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina
J. Sánchez-Leija
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, the University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Joshua A. Mysona
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, the University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, the University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, the University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shi J, Arpaci S, Lopez-Dominguez V, Sangwan VK, Mahfouzi F, Kim J, Athas JG, Hamdi M, Aygen C, Arava H, Phatak C, Carpentieri M, Jiang JS, Grayson MA, Kioussis N, Finocchio G, Hersam MC, Khalili Amiri P. Electrically Controlled All-Antiferromagnetic Tunnel Junctions on Silicon with Large Room-Temperature Magnetoresistance. Adv Mater 2024:e2312008. [PMID: 38501999 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials are a pathway to spintronic memory and computing devices with unprecedented speed, energy efficiency, and bit density. Realizing this potential requires AFM devices with simultaneous electrical writing and reading of information, which are also compatible with established silicon-based manufacturing. Recent experiments have shown tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) readout in epitaxial AFM tunnel junctions. However, these TMR structures are not grown using a silicon-compatible deposition process, and controlling their AFM order required external magnetic fields. Here it is shown three-terminal AFM tunnel junctions based on the noncollinear antiferromagnet PtMn3 , sputter-deposited on silicon. The devices simultaneously exhibit electrical switching using electric currents, and electrical readout by a large room-temperature TMR effect. First-principles calculations explain the TMR in terms of the momentum-resolved spin-dependent tunneling conduction in tunnel junctions with noncollinear AFM electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sevdenur Arpaci
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Victor Lopez-Dominguez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, 12006, Spain
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Farzad Mahfouzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - Jordan G Athas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mohammad Hamdi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Can Aygen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hanu Arava
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Charudatta Phatak
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Mario Carpentieri
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Jidong S Jiang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Matthew A Grayson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nicholas Kioussis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - Giovanni Finocchio
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Pedram Khalili Amiri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Torres R, Thal LB, McBride JR, Cohen BE, Rosenthal SJ. Quantum Dot Fluorescent Imaging: Using Atomic Structure Correlation Studies to Improve Photophysical Properties. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2024; 128:3632-3640. [PMID: 38476823 PMCID: PMC10926165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Efforts to study intricate, higher-order cellular functions have called for fluorescence imaging under physiologically relevant conditions such as tissue systems in simulated native buffers. This endeavor has presented novel challenges for fluorescent probes initially designed for use in simple buffers and monolayer cell culture. Among current fluorescent probes, semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots (QDs), offer superior photophysical properties that are the products of their nanoscale architectures and chemical formulations. While their high brightness and photostability are ideal for these biological environments, even state of the art QDs can struggle under certain physiological conditions. A recent method correlating electron microscopy ultrastructure with single-QD fluorescence has begun to highlight subtle structural defects in QDs once believed to have no significant impact on photoluminescence (PL). Specific defects, such as exposed core facets, have been shown to quench QD PL in physiologically accurate conditions. For QD-based imaging in complex cellular systems to be fully realized, mechanistic insight and structural optimization of size and PL should be established. Insight from single QD resolution atomic structure and photophysical correlative studies provides a direct course to synthetically tune QDs to match these challenging environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Torres
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Lucas B. Thal
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - James R. McBride
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Bruce E. Cohen
- The
Molecular Foundry and Division of Molecular Biophysics & Integrated
Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sandra J. Rosenthal
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt
Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jamdade S, Yu Z, Boulfelfel SE, Cai X, Thyagarajan R, Fang H, Sholl DS. Probing Structural Defects in MOFs Using Water Stability. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2024; 128:3975-3984. [PMID: 38476825 PMCID: PMC10926153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Defects in the crystal structures of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), whether present intrinsically or introduced via so-called defect engineering, can play strong roles in the properties of MOFs for various applications. Unfortunately, direct experimental detection and characterization of defects in MOFs are very challenging. We show that in many cases, the differences between experimentally observed and computationally predicted water stabilities of MOFs can be used to deduce information on the presence of point defects in real materials. Most computational studies of MOFs consider these materials to be defect-free, and in many cases, the resulting structures are predicted to be hydrophobic. Systematic experimental studies, however, have shown that many MOFs are hydrophilic. We show that the existence of chemically plausible point defects can often account for this discrepancy and use this observation in combination with detailed molecular simulations to assess the impact of local defects and flexibility in a variety of MOFs for which defects had not been considered previously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Jamdade
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Zhenzi Yu
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Salah Eddine Boulfelfel
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Xuqing Cai
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Raghuram Thyagarajan
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Hanjun Fang
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - David S. Sholl
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
- Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhu Z, Tsai H, Parker ST, Lee JH, Yabuuchi Y, Jiang HZH, Wang Y, Xiong S, Forse AC, Dinakar B, Huang A, Dun C, Milner PJ, Smith A, Guimarães Martins P, Meihaus KR, Urban JJ, Reimer JA, Neaton JB, Long JR. High-Capacity, Cooperative CO 2 Capture in a Diamine-Appended Metal-Organic Framework through a Combined Chemisorptive and Physisorptive Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6072-6083. [PMID: 38400985 PMCID: PMC10921408 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Diamine-appended Mg2(dobpdc) (dobpdc4- = 4,4'-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate) metal-organic frameworks are promising candidates for carbon capture that exhibit exceptional selectivities and high capacities for CO2. To date, CO2 uptake in these materials has been shown to occur predominantly via a chemisorption mechanism involving CO2 insertion at the amine-appended metal sites, a mechanism that limits the capacity of the material to ∼1 equiv of CO2 per diamine. Herein, we report a new framework, pip2-Mg2(dobpdc) (pip2 = 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine), that exhibits two-step CO2 uptake and achieves an unusually high CO2 capacity approaching 1.5 CO2 per diamine at saturation. Analysis of variable-pressure CO2 uptake in the material using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) reveals that pip2-Mg2(dobpdc) captures CO2 via an unprecedented mechanism involving the initial insertion of CO2 to form ammonium carbamate chains at half of the sites in the material, followed by tandem cooperative chemisorption and physisorption. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis, supported by van der Waals-corrected density functional theory, reveals that physisorbed CO2 occupies a pocket formed by adjacent ammonium carbamate chains and the linker. Based on breakthrough and extended cycling experiments, pip2-Mg2(dobpdc) exhibits exceptional performance for CO2 capture under conditions relevant to the separation of CO2 from landfill gas. More broadly, these results highlight new opportunities for the fundamental design of diamine-Mg2(dobpdc) materials with even higher capacities than those predicted based on CO2 chemisorption alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Zhu
- Institute
for Decarbonization Materials, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hsinhan Tsai
- Institute
for Decarbonization Materials, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Surya T. Parker
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jung-Hoon Lee
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yuto Yabuuchi
- Institute
for Decarbonization Materials, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Henry Z. H. Jiang
- Institute
for Decarbonization Materials, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute
for Decarbonization Materials, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shuoyan Xiong
- Institute
for Decarbonization Materials, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander C. Forse
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bhavish Dinakar
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adrian Huang
- Institute
for Decarbonization Materials, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chaochao Dun
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Phillip J. Milner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alex Smith
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Pedro Guimarães Martins
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Katie R. Meihaus
- Institute
for Decarbonization Materials, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Urban
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Institute
for Decarbonization Materials, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Neaton
- Institute
for Decarbonization Materials, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Long
- Institute
for Decarbonization Materials, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Smith P, Hrubý J, Evans WJ, Hill S, Minasian SG. Identification of an X-Band Clock Transition in Cp' 3Pr - Enabled by a 4f 25d 1 Configuration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5781-5785. [PMID: 38387072 PMCID: PMC10921394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Molecular qubits offer an attractive basis for quantum information processing, but challenges remain with regard to sustained coherence. Qubits based on clock transitions offer a method to improve the coherence times. We propose a general strategy for identifying molecules with high-frequency clock transitions in systems where a d electron is coupled to a crystal-field singlet state of an f configuration, resulting in an MJ = ±1/2 ground state with strong hyperfine coupling. Using this approach, a 9.834 GHz clock transition was identified in a molecular Pr complex, [K(crypt)][Cp'3PrII], leading to 3-fold enhancements in T2 relative to other transitions in the spectrum. This result indicates the promise of the design principles outlined here for the further development of f-element systems for quantum information applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick
W. Smith
- Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jakub Hrubý
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - William J. Evans
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Stephen Hill
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Stefan G. Minasian
- Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chin M, Yang T, Quirion KP, Lian C, Liu P, He J, Diao T. Implementing a Doping Approach for Poly(methyl methacrylate) Recycling in a Circular Economy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5786-5792. [PMID: 38382057 PMCID: PMC10921398 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
To mitigate pollution by plastic waste, it is paramount to develop polymers with efficient recyclability while retaining desirable physical properties. A recyclable poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is synthesized by incorporating a minimal amount of an α-methylstyrene (AMS) analogue into the polymer structure. This P(MMA-co-AMS) copolymer preserves the essential mechanical strength and optical clarity of PMMA, vital for its wide-ranging applications in various commercial and high-tech industries. Doping with AMS significantly enhances the thermal, catalyst-free depolymerization efficiency of PMMA, facilitating the recovery of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with high yield and purity at temperatures ranging from 150 to 210 °C, nearly 250 K lower than current industrial standards. Furthermore, the low recovery temperature permits the isolation of pure MMA from a mixture of assorted common plastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mason
T. Chin
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Tiangang Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Kevin P. Quirion
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Christina Lian
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jie He
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Tianning Diao
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| |
Collapse
|