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Maritan E, Quagliariello A, Frago E, Patarnello T, Martino ME. The role of animal hosts in shaping gut microbiome variation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230071. [PMID: 38497257 PMCID: PMC10945410 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Millions of years of co-evolution between animals and their associated microbial communities have shaped and diversified the nature of their relationship. Studies continue to reveal new layers of complexity in host-microbe interactions, the fate of which depends on a variety of different factors, ranging from neutral processes and environmental factors to local dynamics. Research is increasingly integrating ecosystem-based approaches, metagenomics and mathematical modelling to disentangle the individual contribution of ecological factors to microbiome evolution. Within this framework, host factors are known to be among the dominant drivers of microbiome composition in different animal species. However, the extent to which they shape microbiome assembly and evolution remains unclear. In this review, we summarize our understanding of how host factors drive microbial communities and how these dynamics are conserved and vary across taxa. We conclude by outlining key avenues for research and highlight the need for implementation of and key modifications to existing theory to fully capture the dynamics of host-associated microbiomes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maritan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Quagliariello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Enric Frago
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Université Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Tomaso Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Martino
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy
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Eken JA, Koning MT, Kupcova K, Sepúlveda Yáñez JH, de Groen RA, Quinten E, Janssen J, van Bergen CA, Vermaat JS, Cleven A, Navarrete MA, Ylstra B, de Jong D, Havranek O, Jumaa H, Veelken H. Antigen-independent, autonomous B cell receptor signaling drives activated B cell DLBCL. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230941. [PMID: 38512136 PMCID: PMC10959178 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma of activated B cell type (ABC-DLBCL), a major cell-of-origin DLBCL subtype, is characterized by chronic active B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and NF-κB activation, which can be explained by activating mutations of the BCR signaling cascade in a minority of cases. We demonstrate that autonomous BCR signaling, akin to its essential pathogenetic role in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), can explain chronic active BCR signaling in ABC-DLBCL. 13 of 18 tested DLBCL-derived BCR, including 12 cases selected for expression of IgM, induced spontaneous calcium flux and increased phosphorylation of the BCR signaling cascade in murine triple knockout pre-B cells without antigenic stimulation or external BCR crosslinking. Autonomous BCR signaling was associated with IgM isotype, dependent on somatic BCR mutations and individual HCDR3 sequences, and largely restricted to non-GCB DLBCL. Autonomous BCR signaling represents a novel immunological oncogenic driver mechanism in DLBCL originating from individual BCR sequences and adds a new dimension to currently proposed genetics- and transcriptomics-based DLBCL classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke A. Eken
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marvyn T. Koning
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kristyna Kupcova
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Department of Internal Medicine—Hematology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julieta H. Sepúlveda Yáñez
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Ruben A.L. de Groen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Edwin Quinten
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Janssen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Joost S.P. Vermaat
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arjen Cleven
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daphne de Jong
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ondrej Havranek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Department of Internal Medicine—Hematology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Institute of Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hendrik Veelken
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Slosse A, Van Durme F, Samyn N, Mangelings D, Vander Heyden Y. Cannabis profiling of seized samples: An intra-location variability study using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiles and multivariate data analysis. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:504-514. [PMID: 37691538 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Yearly, cannabis belongs to the most seized drugs worldwide. During judicial investigations, illicit cannabis profiling can be performed to compare seized herbal material. However, comparison is challenging because of the natural heterogeneity of the psychoactive crop. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiles, consisting of eight cannabinoids, were used to study the intra-location (within) and inter-location (between) variabilities. Decision thresholds were derived from the 95% and 99% confidence limits, applying Pearson correlation coefficients for the intra-location samples. The false negatives and false positives (FPs) determined the discriminative power of different pretreatments applied to obtain the lowest FP error rate possible. Initially, a 97 samples data set was used and with log transformation as pretreatment, a decrease in FPs from 38% and 45% FPs to 17% and 22%, for both confidence limits, respectively, was seen relative to internal standard normalization that was used as reference. An additional intra-plantation variability study with 130 samples verified whether the initial model contained sufficient within-location information, but this was not the case. Hence, a combined data matrix was constructed with all seized samples. Log transformation provided the best FP results for both limits, that is, an improvement from 58% and 64% to 21% and 26%, respectively, was seen. The representativeness of these 'linked' thresholds was demonstrated using both cross-validation and an external set, for which similar FP results as for the calibration set were obtained. By applying data pretreatment, a significant improvement was observed to distinguish seized samples. However, the FP rate is still not at an acceptable level to defend in court.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amorn Slosse
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department Drugs and Toxicology, National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Durme
- Department Drugs and Toxicology, National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nele Samyn
- Department Drugs and Toxicology, National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Debby Mangelings
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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Giorgini F, Di Dalmazi G, Diciotti S. Artificial intelligence in endocrinology: a comprehensive review. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1067-1082. [PMID: 37971630 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising technology in the field of endocrinology, offering significant potential to revolutionize the diagnosis, treatment, and management of endocrine disorders. This comprehensive review aims to provide a concise overview of the current landscape of AI applications in endocrinology and metabolism, focusing on the fundamental concepts of AI, including machine learning algorithms and deep learning models. METHODS The review explores various areas of endocrinology where AI has demonstrated its value, encompassing screening and diagnosis, risk prediction, translational research, and "pre-emptive medicine". Within each domain, relevant studies are discussed, offering insights into the methodology and main findings of AI in the treatment of different pathologies, such as diabetes mellitus and related disorders, thyroid disorders, adrenal tumors, and bone and mineral disorders. RESULTS Collectively, these studies show the valuable contributions of AI in optimizing healthcare outcomes and unveiling new understandings of the intricate mechanisms underlying endocrine disorders. Furthermore, AI-driven approaches facilitate the development of precision medicine strategies, enabling tailored interventions for patients based on their individual characteristics and needs. CONCLUSIONS By embracing AI in endocrinology, a future can be envisioned where medical professionals and AI systems synergistically collaborate, ultimately enhancing the lives of individuals affected by endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Giorgini
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Di Dalmazi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Diciotti
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
- Alma Mater Research Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Urhoj SK, Morris J, Loane M, Ballardini E, Barrachina-Bonet L, Cavero-Carbonell C, Coi A, Gissler M, Given J, Heino A, Jordan S, Neville A, Santoro M, Tan J, Tucker D, Wellesley D, Garne E, Damkjaer M. Higher risk of cerebral palsy, seizures/epilepsy, visual- and hearing impairments, cancer, injury and child abuse in children with congenital anomalies: Data from the EUROlinkCAT study. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:1024-1031. [PMID: 38324400 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim is to examine the risk of cerebral palsy, seizures/epilepsy, visual- and hearing impairments, cancer, injury/poisoning and child abuse in children with and without a congenital anomaly up to age 5 and 10 years. METHODS This is a population-based data linkage cohort study linking information from the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies network (EUROCAT) and birth registries to hospital discharge databases. We included 91 504 live born children with major congenital anomalies born from 1995 to 2014 from nine EUROCAT registries in five countries and 1 960 727 live born children without congenital anomalies (reference children). Prevalence and relative risk (RR) were estimated for each of the co-morbidities using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. RESULTS Children with congenital anomalies had higher risks of the co-morbidities than reference children. The prevalences in the reference children were generally very low. The RR was 13.8 (95% CI 12.5-15.1) for cerebral palsy, 2.5 (95% CI 2.4-2.6) for seizures/epilepsy, 40.8 (95% CI 33.2-50.2) for visual impairments, 10.0 (95% CI 9.2-10.9) for hearing loss, 3.6 (95% CI 3.2-4.2) for cancer, 1.5 (95% CI 1.4-1.5) for injuries/poisoning and 2.4 (95% CI 1.7-3.4) for child abuse. CONCLUSION Children with congenital anomalies were more likely to be diagnosed with the specified co-morbidities compared to reference children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Kjaer Urhoj
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joan Morris
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Maria Loane
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Elisa Ballardini
- IMER Registry, Centre for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitario di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laia Barrachina-Bonet
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Cavero-Carbonell
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alessio Coi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mika Gissler
- Department of Knowledge Brokers, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Region Stockholm, Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanne Given
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Anna Heino
- Department of Knowledge Brokers, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sue Jordan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amanda Neville
- IMER Registry, Centre for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitario di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Santoro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joachim Tan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - David Tucker
- Congenital Anomaly Register and Information Service for Wales (CARIS), Public Health Knowledge and Research, Public Health Wales, Swansea, UK
| | - Diana Wellesley
- Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ester Garne
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Mads Damkjaer
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
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Denicolò S, Reinstadler V, Keller F, Thöni S, Eder S, Heerspink HJL, Rosivall L, Wiecek A, Mark PB, Perco P, Leierer J, Kronbichler A, Oberacher H, Mayer G. Non-adherence to cardiometabolic medication as assessed by LC-MS/MS in urine and its association with kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06149-w. [PMID: 38647650 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Non-adherence to medication is a frequent barrier in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, potentially limiting the effectiveness of evidence-based treatments. Previous studies have mostly relied on indirect adherence measures to analyse outcomes based on adherence. The aim of this study was to use LC-MS/MS in urine-a non-invasive, direct and objective measure-to assess non-adherence to cardiometabolic drugs and analyse its association with kidney and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS This cohort study includes 1125 participants from the PROVALID study, which follows patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the primary care level. Baseline urine samples were tested for 79 cardiometabolic drugs and metabolites thereof via LC-MS/MS. An individual was classified as totally adherent if markers for all drugs were detected, partially non-adherent when at least one marker for one drug was detected, and totally non-adherent if no markers for any drugs were detected. Non-adherence was then analysed in the context of cardiovascular (composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death) and kidney (composite of sustained 40% decline in eGFR, sustained progression of albuminuria, kidney replacement therapy and death from kidney failure) outcomes. RESULTS Of the participants, 56.3% were totally adherent, 42.0% were partially non-adherent, and 1.7% were totally non-adherent to screened cardiometabolic drugs. Adherence was highest to antiplatelet and glucose-lowering agents and lowest to lipid-lowering agents. Over a median (IQR) follow-up time of 5.10 (4.12-6.12) years, worse cardiovascular outcomes were observed with non-adherence to antiplatelet drugs (HR 10.13 [95% CI 3.06, 33.56]) and worse kidney outcomes were observed with non-adherence to antihypertensive drugs (HR 1.98 [95% CI 1.37, 2.86]). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This analysis shows that non-adherence to cardiometabolic drug regimens is common in type 2 diabetes mellitus and negatively affects kidney and cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Denicolò
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Vera Reinstadler
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Keller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Thöni
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Eder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - László Rosivall
- International Nephrology Research and Training Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrzej Wiecek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrick B Mark
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Perco
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Leierer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Wei S, Hartman T, Mourdikoudis S, Liu X, Wang G, Kovalska E, Wu B, Azadmanjiri J, Yu R, Chacko L, Dekanovsky L, Oliveira FM, Li M, Luxa J, Jamali Ashtiani S, Su J, Sofer Z. Reaction Mechanism and Performance of Innovative 2D Germanane-Silicane Alloys: Si xGe 1- xH Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2308955. [PMID: 38647404 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The adjustable structures and remarkable physicochemical properties of 2D monoelemental materials, such as silicene and germanene, have attracted significant attention in recent years. They can be transformed into silicane (SiH) and germanane (GeH) through covalent functionalization via hydrogen atom termination. However, synthesizing these materials with a scalable and low-cost fabrication process to achieve high-quality 2D SiH and GeH poses challenges. Herein, groundbreaking 2D SiH and GeH materials with varying compositions, specifically Si0.25Ge0.75H, Si0.50Ge0.50H, and Si0.75Ge0.25H, are prepared through a simple and efficient chemical exfoliation of their Zintl phases. These 2D materials offer significant advantages, including their large surface area, high mechanical flexibility, rapid electron mobility, and defect-rich loose-layered structures. Among these compositions, the Si0.50Ge0.50H electrode demonstrates the highest discharge capacity, reaching up to 1059 mAh g-1 after 60 cycles at a current density of 75 mA g-1. A comprehensive ex-situ electrochemical analysis is conducted to investigate the reaction mechanisms of lithiation/delithiation in Si0.50Ge0.50H. Subsequently, an initial assessment of the c-Li15(SixGe1- x)4 phase after lithiation and the a-Si0.50Ge0.50 phase after delithiation is presented. Hence, this study contributes crucial insights into the (de)lithiation reaction mechanisms within germanane-silicane alloys. Such understanding is pivotal for mastering promising materials that amalgamate the finest properties of silicon and germanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangying Wei
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hartman
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Stefanos Mourdikoudis
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Xueting Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Evgeniya Kovalska
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PY, United Kingdom
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Jalal Azadmanjiri
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Ruizhi Yu
- Institute of Micro/Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Levna Chacko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Dekanovsky
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Filipa M Oliveira
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Min Li
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jan Luxa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Saeed Jamali Ashtiani
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Jincang Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
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8
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Kante MV, Nilayam LARL, Hahn H, Bhattacharya SS, Elm MT, Velasco L, Botros M. Elucidation of the Transport Properties of Calcium-Doped High Entropy Rare Earth Aluminates for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications. Small 2024:e2309735. [PMID: 38618655 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are paving the way to clean energy conversion, relying on efficient oxygen-ion conductors with high ionic conductivity coupled with a negligible electronic contribution. Doped rare earth aluminates are promising candidates for SOFC electrolytes due to their high ionic conductivity. However, they often suffer from p-type electronic conductivity at operating temperatures above 500 °C under oxidizing conditions caused by the incorporation of oxygen into the lattice. High entropy materials are a new class of materials conceptualized to be stable at higher temperatures due to their high configurational entropy. Introducing this concept to rare earth aluminates can be a promising approach to stabilize the lattice by shifting the stoichiometric point of the oxides to higher oxygen activities, and thereby, reducing the p-type electronic conductivity in the relevant oxygen partial pressure range. In this study, the high entropy oxide (Gd,La,Nd,Pr,Sm)AlO3 is synthesized and doped with Ca. The Ca-doped (Gd,La,Nd,Pr,Sm)AlO3 compounds exhibit a higher ionic conductivity than most of the corresponding Ca-doped rare earth aluminates accompanied by a reduction of the p-type electronic conductivity contribution typically observed under oxidizing conditions. In light of these findings, this study introduces high entropy aluminates as a promising candidate for SOFC electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohana V Kante
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Ajai R Lakshmi Nilayam
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Horst Hahn
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, 100 E. Boyd St., Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Subramshu S Bhattacharya
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Matthias T Elm
- Center for Materials Research, Institute of Experimental Physics I, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Leonardo Velasco
- Direccion academica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede de La Paz, Km 9 via Valledupar - La Paz, Cesar, 202010, Colombia
| | - Miriam Botros
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Bartoš F, Martinková P. Assessing quality of selection procedures: Lower bound of false positive rate as a function of inter-rater reliability. Br J Math Stat Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38623032 DOI: 10.1111/bmsp.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Inter-rater reliability (IRR) is one of the commonly used tools for assessing the quality of ratings from multiple raters. However, applicant selection procedures based on ratings from multiple raters usually result in a binary outcome; the applicant is either selected or not. This final outcome is not considered in IRR, which instead focuses on the ratings of the individual subjects or objects. We outline the connection between the ratings' measurement model (used for IRR) and a binary classification framework. We develop a simple way of approximating the probability of correctly selecting the best applicants which allows us to compute error probabilities of the selection procedure (i.e., false positive and false negative rate) or their lower bounds. We draw connections between the IRR and the binary classification metrics, showing that binary classification metrics depend solely on the IRR coefficient and proportion of selected applicants. We assess the performance of the approximation in a simulation study and apply it in an example comparing the reliability of multiple grant peer review selection procedures. We also discuss other possible uses of the explored connections in other contexts, such as educational testing, psychological assessment, and health-related measurement, and implement the computations in the R package IRR2FPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Bartoš
- Department of Statistical Modelling, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrícia Martinková
- Department of Statistical Modelling, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Dewenter M, Seitz T, Steinbrecher JH, Westenbrink BD, Ling H, Lehnart SE, Wehrens XHT, Backs J, Brown JH, Maier LS, Neef S. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIδC-induced chronic heart failure does not depend on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak. ESC Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 38616546 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hyperactivity of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has emerged as a central cause of pathologic remodelling in heart failure. It has been suggested that CaMKII-induced hyperphosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) and consequently increased diastolic Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a crucial mechanism by which increased CaMKII activity leads to contractile dysfunction. We aim to evaluate the relevance of CaMKII-dependent RyR2 phosphorylation for CaMKII-induced heart failure development in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS We crossbred CaMKIIδC overexpressing [transgenic (TG)] mice with RyR2-S2814A knock-in mice that are resistant to CaMKII-dependent RyR2 phosphorylation. Ca2+-spark measurements on isolated ventricular myocytes confirmed the severe diastolic SR Ca2+ leak previously reported in CaMKIIδC TG [4.65 ± 0.73 mF/F0 vs. 1.88 ± 0.30 mF/F0 in wild type (WT)]. Crossing in the S2814A mutation completely prevented SR Ca2+-leak induction in the CaMKIIδC TG, both regarding Ca2+-spark size and frequency, demonstrating that the CaMKIIδC-induced SR Ca2+ leak entirely depends on the CaMKII-specific RyR2-S2814 phosphorylation. Yet, the RyR2-S2814A mutation did not affect the massive contractile dysfunction (ejection fraction = 12.17 ± 2.05% vs. 45.15 ± 3.46% in WT), cardiac hypertrophy (heart weight/tibia length = 24.84 ± 3.00 vs. 9.81 ± 0.50 mg/mm in WT), or severe premature mortality (median survival of 12 weeks) associated with cardiac CaMKIIδC overexpression. In the face of a prevented SR Ca2+ leak, the phosphorylation status of other critical CaMKII downstream targets that can drive heart failure, including transcriptional regulator histone deacetylase 4, as well as markers of pathological gene expression including Xirp2, Il6, and Col1a1, was equally increased in hearts from CaMKIIδC TG on a RyR WT and S2814A background. CONCLUSIONS S2814 phosphoresistance of RyR2 prevents the CaMKII-dependent SR Ca2+ leak induction but does not prevent the cardiomyopathic phenotype caused by enhanced CaMKIIδC activity. Our data indicate that additional mechanisms-independent of SR Ca2+ leak-are critical for the maladaptive effects of chronically increased CaMKIIδC activity with respect to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dewenter
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 8, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tilmann Seitz
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia H Steinbrecher
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Haiyun Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Johannes Backs
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 8, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg University & EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational AngioCardioScience (HI-TAC)-a branch of the MDC at Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Neef
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Uzzell CB, Abraham D, Rigby J, Troman CM, Nair S, Elviss N, Kathiresan L, Srinivasan R, Balaji V, Zhou NA, Meschke JS, John J, Kang G, Feasey N, Mohan VR, Grassly NC. Environmental Surveillance for Salmonella Typhi and its Association With Typhoid Fever Incidence in India and Malawi. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:979-987. [PMID: 37775091 PMCID: PMC11011185 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental surveillance (ES) for Salmonella Typhi potentially offers a low-cost tool to identify communities with a high burden of typhoid fever. METHODS We developed standardized protocols for typhoid ES, including sampling site selection, validation, characterization; grab or trap sample collection, concentration; and quantitative PCR targeting Salmonella genes (ttr, staG, and tviB) and a marker of human fecal contamination (HF183). ES was implemented over 12 months in a historically high typhoid fever incidence setting (Vellore, India) and a lower incidence setting (Blantyre, Malawi) during 2021-2022. RESULTS S. Typhi prevalence in ES samples was higher in Vellore compared with Blantyre; 39/520 (7.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4%-12.4%) vs 11/533 (2.1%; 95% CI, 1.1%-4.0%) in grab and 79/517 (15.3%; 95% CI, 9.8%-23.0%) vs 23/594 (3.9%; 95% CI, 1.9%-7.9%) in trap samples. Detection was clustered by ES site and correlated with site catchment population in Vellore but not Blantyre. Incidence of culture-confirmed typhoid in local hospitals was low during the study and zero some months in Vellore despite S. Typhi detection in ES. CONCLUSIONS ES describes the prevalence and distribution of S. Typhi even in the absence of typhoid cases and could inform vaccine introduction. Expanded implementation and comparison with clinical and serological surveillance will further establish its public health utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Uzzell
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dilip Abraham
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Jonathan Rigby
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Catherine M Troman
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Satheesh Nair
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Elviss
- Science Group, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rajan Srinivasan
- Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Veeraraghavan Balaji
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance and Surveillance, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Nicolette A Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John Scott Meschke
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jacob John
- Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Gagandeep Kang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Nicholas Feasey
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicholas C Grassly
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Sorrentino U, Romito LM, Garavaglia B, Fichera M, Colangelo I, Prokisch H, Winkelmann J, Necpal J, Jech R, Zech M. Myoclonus and Dystonia as Recurrent Presenting Features in Patients with the SCA21-Associated TMEM240 p.Pro170Leu Variant. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2024; 14:16. [PMID: 38617829 PMCID: PMC11012930 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Spinocerebellar ataxia 21 (SCA21) is a rare neurological disorder caused by heterozygous variants in TMEM240. A growing, yet still limited number of reports suggested that hyperkinetic movements should be considered a defining component of the disease. Case Series We describe two newly identified families harboring the recurrent pathogenic TMEM240 p.Pro170Leu variant. Both index patients and the mother of the first proband developed movement disorders, manifesting as myoclonic dystonia and action-induced dystonia without co-occurring ataxia in one case, and pancerebellar syndrome complicated by action-induced dystonia in the other. We reviewed the literature on TMEM240 variants linked to hyperkinetic disorders, comparing our cases to described phenotypes. Discussion Adding to prior preliminary observations, our series highlights the relevance of hyperkinetic movements as clinically meaningful features of SCA21. TMEM240 mutation should be included in the differential diagnosis of myoclonic dystonia and ataxia-dystonia syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Sorrentino
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Luigi M. Romito
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Fichera
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabel Colangelo
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- DZPG, Deutsches Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Necpal
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Neurology, Zvolen Hospital, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Robert Jech
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská30, 12 800, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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13
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Green F, du Plooy C, Rehman AM, Nhapi RT, Lake MT, Barnett W, Hoffman N, Zar HJ, Donald KA, Stein DJ, Wedderburn CJ. Language outcomes of preschool children who are HIV-exposed uninfected: An analysis of a South African cohort. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297471. [PMID: 38598467 PMCID: PMC11006185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are approximately 16 million children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected (CHEU) worldwide. Studies suggest that CHEU are at risk for developmental impairment in infancy, particularly in language domains. However, there is limited research examining neurocognitive function in CHEU older than 2 years, including important pre-school years. This study aimed to investigate associations between HIV exposure without infection and neurocognitive outcomes and to determine risk factors for neurodevelopment in CHEU at age 3-4 years. METHODS The Drakenstein Child Health Study is a South African population-based birth cohort which enrolled women in pregnancy with ongoing follow up. Neurocognitive outcomes were assessed in children at 3.5 years by trained assessors blinded to HIV status including general cognitive function, language, and memory, measured using the Kaufmann Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (KABC-II). Data were compared between CHEU and children who were HIV-unexposed uninfected (CHUU) using multivariable logistic and linear regression, including testing for effect modification; sex-stratified risk factor analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 497 children were included (97 [20%] CHEU; 400 [80%] CHUU; 50% male), with a mean age of 3.5 years (range 3.4-3.6). Groups had similar birth and household characteristics, although mothers of CHEU were older, on average. Overall, CHEU had lower expressive language scores compared to CHUU on unadjusted and adjusted analyses (effect size: -0.23 [95% CI -0.45, -0.01]). There were no group differences in general cognitive or memory function (p>0.05). On sex-stratified analyses, male CHEU were found to have higher odds of suboptimal cognitive development compared to male CHUU (aOR 2.28 [95% CI 1.06, 4.87], p = 0.034). Several other factors including birthweight, maternal education, maternal ART duration and HIV viral load during pregnancy were associated with cognition, memory, or expressive language outcomes in CHEU, dependent on child sex. INTERPRETATION The findings suggest that perinatal HIV exposure continues to be associated with impaired language development across the preschool years, highlighting the importance of targeting early interventions to optimise language outcomes. Further, the results suggest the importance of demographic, biological and HIV-related variables influencing developmental outcomes in CHEU. The greater risk of suboptimal cognitive development in male CHEU requires investigation around sex-specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Green
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher du Plooy
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrea M. Rehman
- MRC International Statistics & Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond T. Nhapi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marilyn T. Lake
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Whitney Barnett
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nadia Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather J. Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kirsten A. Donald
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC, Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine J. Wedderburn
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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14
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Gómez M, Pereira E. Grain Products: Traditional and Innovative Technologies. Foods 2024; 13:1126. [PMID: 38611430 PMCID: PMC11011762 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The current knowledge regarding various cereals, their composition, and their processing methods is extensive [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gómez
- Food Technology Area, Department of Agroforestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, 50 Avda. Madrid, 34071 Palencia, Spain
| | - Eliana Pereira
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
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15
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Rogal J, Zamproni LN, Nikolakopoulou P, Ygberg S, Wedell A, Wredenberg A, Herland A. Human In Vitro Models of Neuroenergetics and Neurometabolic Disturbances: Current Advances and Clinical Perspectives. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024:szae021. [PMID: 38588471 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological conditions conquer the world; they are the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide, and they appear all around the world in every age group, gender, nationality, and socioeconomic class. Despite the growing evidence of an immense impact of perturbations in neuroenergetics on overall brain function, only little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Especially human insights are sparse, owing to a shortage of physiologically relevant model systems. With this perspective, we aim to explore the key steps and considerations involved in developing an advanced human in vitro model for studying neuroenergetics. We discuss biological and technological strategies to meet the requirements of a predictive model, aiming at providing a guide and inspiration for future in vitro models of neuroenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rogal
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology at Science for Life Laboratory, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences (AIMES), Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Nicoleti Zamproni
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Polyxeni Nikolakopoulou
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences (AIMES), Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Ygberg
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Neuropediatric Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wedell
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wredenberg
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Herland
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology at Science for Life Laboratory, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences (AIMES), Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Montinaro N, Sciortino L, D’Anca F, Lo Cicero U, Bozzo E, Paltani S, Todaro M, Barbera M. Thermalization of Mesh Reinforced Ultra-Thin Al-Coated Plastic Films: A Parametric Study Applied to the Athena X-IFU Instrument. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2360. [PMID: 38610570 PMCID: PMC11014415 DOI: 10.3390/s24072360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) is one of the two focal plane detectors of Athena, a large-class high energy astrophysics space mission approved by ESA in the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Science Program. The X-IFU consists of a large array of transition edge sensor micro-calorimeters that operate at ~100 mK inside a sophisticated cryostat. To prevent molecular contamination and to minimize photon shot noise on the sensitive X-IFU cryogenic detector array, a set of thermal filters (THFs) operating at different temperatures are needed. Since contamination already occurs below 300 K, the outer and more exposed THF must be kept at a higher temperature. To meet the low energy effective area requirements, the THFs are to be made of a thin polyimide film (45 nm) coated in aluminum (30 nm) and supported by a metallic mesh. Due to the small thickness and the low thermal conductance of the material, the membranes are prone to developing a radial temperature gradient due to radiative coupling with the environment. Considering the fragility of the membrane and the high reflectivity in IR energy domain, temperature measurements are difficult. In this work, a parametric numerical study is performed to retrieve the radial temperature profile of the larger and outer THF of the Athena X-IFU using a Finite Element Model approach. The effects on the radial temperature profile of different design parameters and boundary conditions are considered: (i) the mesh design and material, (ii) the plating material, (iii) the addition of a thick Y-cross applied over the mesh, (iv) an active heating heat flux injected on the center and (v) a Joule heating of the mesh. The outcomes of this study have guided the choice of the baseline strategy for the heating of the Athena X-IFU THFs, fulfilling the stringent thermal specifications of the instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Montinaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Sciortino
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio D’Anca
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ugo Lo Cicero
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Enrico Bozzo
- Département D’astronomie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Genève, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Paltani
- Département D’astronomie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Genève, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Michela Todaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Barbera
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segrè, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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Egaña F, Mutilba U, Yagüe-Fabra JA, Gomez-Acedo E. A Novel Methodology for Measuring Ambient Thermal Effects on Machine Tools. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2380. [PMID: 38610591 PMCID: PMC11014157 DOI: 10.3390/s24072380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Large machine tools are critically affected by ambient temperature fluctuations, impacting their performance and the quality of machined products. Addressing the challenge of accurately measuring thermal effects on machine structures, this study introduces the Machine Tool Integrated Inverse Multilateration method. This method offers a precise approach for assessing geometric error parameters throughout a machine's working volume, featuring a low level of uncertainty and high speed suitable for effective temperature change monitoring. A significant innovation is found in the capability to automatically realise the volumetric error characterisation of medium- to large-sized machine tools at intervals of 40-60 min with a measurement uncertainty of 10 µm. This enables the detailed study of thermal errors which are generated due to variations in ambient temperature over extended periods. To validate the method, an extensive experimental campaign was conducted on a ZAYER Arion G™ large machine tool using a LEICA AT960™ laser tracker with four wide-angle retro-reflectors under natural workshop conditions. This research identified two key thermal scenarios, quasi-stationary and changing environments, providing valuable insights into how temperature variations influence machine behaviour. This novel method facilitates the optimization of machine tool operations and the improvement of product quality in industrial environments, marking a significant advancement in manufacturing metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Egaña
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tekniker, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), C/Iñaki Goenaga 5, 20600 Eibar, Spain; (U.M.); (E.G.-A.)
| | - Unai Mutilba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tekniker, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), C/Iñaki Goenaga 5, 20600 Eibar, Spain; (U.M.); (E.G.-A.)
| | | | - Eneko Gomez-Acedo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tekniker, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), C/Iñaki Goenaga 5, 20600 Eibar, Spain; (U.M.); (E.G.-A.)
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18
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Ameri P, Bertero E, Lombardi M, Porto I, Canepa M, Nohria A, Vergallo R, Lyon AR, López-Fernández T. Ischaemic heart disease in patients with cancer. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:1209-1223. [PMID: 38323638 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiologists are encountering a growing number of cancer patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Several factors account for the interrelationship between these two conditions, in addition to improving survival rates in the cancer population. Established cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia and obesity, predispose to both IHD and cancer, through specific mechanisms and via low-grade, systemic inflammation. This latter is also fuelled by clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. Furthermore, experimental work indicates that IHD and cancer can promote one another, and the CV or metabolic toxicity of anticancer therapies can lead to IHD. The connections between IHD and cancer are reinforced by social determinants of health, non-medical factors that modify health outcomes and comprise individual and societal domains, including economic stability, educational and healthcare access and quality, neighbourhood and built environment, and social and community context. Management of IHD in cancer patients is often challenging, due to atypical presentation, increased bleeding and ischaemic risk, and worse outcomes as compared to patients without cancer. The decision to proceed with coronary revascularization and the choice of antithrombotic therapy can be difficult, particularly in patients with chronic coronary syndromes, necessitating multidisciplinary discussion that considers both general guidelines and specific features on a case by case basis. Randomized controlled trial evidence in cancer patients is very limited and there is urgent need for more data to inform clinical practice. Therefore, coexistence of IHD and cancer raises important scientific and practical questions that call for collaborative efforts from the cardio-oncology, cardiology, and oncology communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ameri
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Lombardi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Italo Porto
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Canepa
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Anju Nohria
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rocco Vergallo
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Teresa López-Fernández
- Cardiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Quirón Pozuelo University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Gising J, Honarnejad S, Bras M, Baillie GL, McElroy SP, Jones PS, Morrison A, Beveridge J, Hallberg M, Larhed M. The Discovery of New Inhibitors of Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase by a High-Throughput Screening of 400,000 Drug-like Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4084. [PMID: 38612894 PMCID: PMC11012289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
With the ambition to identify novel chemical starting points that can be further optimized into small drug-like inhibitors of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) and serve as potential future cognitive enhancers in the clinic, we conducted an ultra-high-throughput screening campaign of a chemically diverse compound library of approximately 400,000 drug-like small molecules. Three biochemical and one biophysical assays were developed to enable large-scale screening and hit triaging. The screening funnel, designed to be compatible with high-density microplates, was established with two enzyme inhibition assays employing either fluorescent or absorbance readouts. As IRAP is a zinc-dependent enzyme, the remaining active compounds were further evaluated in the primary assay, albeit with the addition of zinc ions. Rescreening with zinc confirmed the inhibitory activity for most compounds, emphasizing a zinc-independent mechanism of action. Additionally, target engagement was confirmed using a complementary biophysical thermal shift assay where compounds causing positive/negative thermal shifts were considered genuine binders. Triaging based on biochemical activity, target engagement, and drug-likeness resulted in the selection of 50 qualified hits, of which the IC50 of 32 compounds was below 3.5 µM. Despite hydroxamic acid dominance, diverse chemotypes with biochemical activity and target engagement were discovered, including non-hydroxamic acid compounds. The most potent compound (QHL1) was resynthesized with a confirmed inhibitory IC50 of 320 nM. Amongst these compounds, 20 new compound structure classes were identified, providing many new starting points for the development of unique IRAP inhibitors. Detailed characterization and optimization of lead compounds, considering both hydroxamic acids and other diverse structures, are in progress for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Gising
- The Beijer Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Saman Honarnejad
- Pivot Park Screening Centre, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, The Netherlands; (S.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Maaike Bras
- Pivot Park Screening Centre, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, The Netherlands; (S.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Gemma L. Baillie
- BioAscent Discovery Ltd., Bo‘Ness Road, Newhouse, Motherwell ML1 5UH, UK; (G.L.B.); (S.P.M.); (P.S.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Stuart P. McElroy
- BioAscent Discovery Ltd., Bo‘Ness Road, Newhouse, Motherwell ML1 5UH, UK; (G.L.B.); (S.P.M.); (P.S.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Philip S. Jones
- BioAscent Discovery Ltd., Bo‘Ness Road, Newhouse, Motherwell ML1 5UH, UK; (G.L.B.); (S.P.M.); (P.S.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Angus Morrison
- BioAscent Discovery Ltd., Bo‘Ness Road, Newhouse, Motherwell ML1 5UH, UK; (G.L.B.); (S.P.M.); (P.S.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Julia Beveridge
- The Beijer Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Mathias Hallberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Neuropharmacology and Addiction Research, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Mats Larhed
- The Beijer Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.B.); (M.L.)
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20
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Rampanti G, Cantarini A, Cardinali F, Milanović V, Garofalo C, Aquilanti L, Osimani A. Technological and Enzymatic Characterization of Autochthonous Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Viili Natural Starters. Foods 2024; 13:1115. [PMID: 38611419 PMCID: PMC11011773 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Viili, a Finnish ropy fermented milk, is traditionally manufactured through spontaneous fermentation, by mesophilic lactic acid bacteria and yeast-like fungi, or back-slopping. This study evaluated four natural viili starters as sources of lactic acid bacteria for dairy production. Back-slopping activation of the studied viili samples was monitored through pH and titratable acidity measurements and enumeration of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria. Sixty lactic acid bacteria isolates were collected, molecularly identified, and assayed for acidification performance, enzymatic activities, production of exopolysaccharides (EPSs), presence of the histidine decarboxylase (hdcA) gene of Gram-positive bacteria, and production of bacteriocins. A neat predominance of Lactococcus lactis emerged among the isolates, followed by Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus lactis, and Lactococcus cremoris. Most isolates exhibited proteolytic activity, whereas only a few enterococci showed lipase activity. Five isolates identified as L. cremoris, L. lactis, and E. faecalis showed a good acidification performance. Most of the isolates tested positive for leucine arylamidase, whereas only one E. durans and two L. lactis isolates were positive for valine arylamidase. A few isolates also showed a positive reaction for beta-galactosidase and alpha- and beta-glucosidase. None of the isolates produced EPSs or bacteriocins. The hdcA gene was detected in five isolates identified as L. lactis and E. faecium. A few L. cremoris and L. lactis isolates for potential use as starter or adjunct cultures for dairy processing were finally identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Federica Cardinali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (A.C.); (V.M.); (C.G.); (L.A.); (A.O.)
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21
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Pérez-Valero Á, Serna-Diestro J, Tafur Rangel A, Barbuto Ferraiuolo S, Schiraldi C, Kerkhoven EJ, Villar CJ, Lombó F. Biosynthesis of Hesperetin, Homoeriodictyol, and Homohesperetin in a Transcriptomics-Driven Engineered Strain of Streptomyces albidoflavus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4053. [PMID: 38612864 PMCID: PMC11012174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids exhibit various bioactivities including anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral properties. Methylated flavonoids are particularly significant due to their enhanced oral bioavailability, improved intestinal absorption, and greater stability. The heterologous production of plant flavonoids in bacterial factories involves the need for enough biosynthetic precursors to allow for high production levels. These biosynthetic precursors are malonyl-CoA and l-tyrosine. In this work, to enhance flavonoid biosynthesis in Streptomyces albidoflavus, we conducted a transcriptomics study for the identification of candidate genes involved in l-tyrosine catabolism. The hypothesis was that the bacterial metabolic machinery would detect an excess of this amino acid if supplemented with the conventional culture medium and would activate the genes involved in its catabolism towards energy production. Then, by inactivating those overexpressed genes (under an excess of l-tyrosine), it would be possible to increase the intracellular pools of this precursor amino acid and eventually the final flavonoid titers in this bacterial factory. The RNAseq data analysis in the S. albidoflavus wild-type strain highlighted the hppD gene encoding 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase as a promising target for knock-out, exhibiting a 23.2-fold change (FC) in expression upon l-tyrosine supplementation in comparison to control cultivation conditions. The subsequent knock-out of the hppD gene in S. albidoflavus resulted in a 1.66-fold increase in the naringenin titer, indicating enhanced flavonoid biosynthesis. Leveraging the improved strain of S. albidoflavus, we successfully synthesized the methylated flavanones hesperetin, homoeriodictyol, and homohesperetin, achieving titers of 2.52 mg/L, 1.34 mg/L, and 0.43 mg/L, respectively. In addition, the dimethoxy flavanone homohesperetin was produced as a byproduct of the endogenous metabolism of S. albidoflavus. To our knowledge, this is the first time that hppD deletion was utilized as a strategy to augment the biosynthesis of flavonoids. Furthermore, this is the first report where hesperetin and homoeriodictyol have been synthesized from l-tyrosine as a precursor. Therefore, transcriptomics is, in this case, a successful approach for the identification of catabolism reactions affecting key precursors during flavonoid biosynthesis, allowing the generation of enhanced production strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Pérez-Valero
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Area of Microbiology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain; (Á.P.-V.); (J.S.-D.); (C.J.V.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan Serna-Diestro
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Area of Microbiology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain; (Á.P.-V.); (J.S.-D.); (C.J.V.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | - Albert Tafur Rangel
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.T.R.); (E.J.K.)
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Simona Barbuto Ferraiuolo
- Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Eduard J. Kerkhoven
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.T.R.); (E.J.K.)
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- SciLifeLab, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claudio J. Villar
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Area of Microbiology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain; (Á.P.-V.); (J.S.-D.); (C.J.V.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Area of Microbiology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain; (Á.P.-V.); (J.S.-D.); (C.J.V.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
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22
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Watermeyer B, Botha M, Lourens H, Hunt X. Visual Impairment, Inclusion and Citizenship in South Africa. Ann Glob Health 2024; 90:28. [PMID: 38618275 PMCID: PMC11012159 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
People with visual impairment face significant material challenges to access and inclusion in South Africa. These are in large part rooted in and supported by prejudiced assumptions about the needs, nature and capabilities of this group. The cultural and psychological face of oppression needs to be attended to. To this end, this viewpoint brings together the work of three visually impaired scholars in three key areas pertaining to the promotion of the inclusion and citizenship of visually impaired persons in South Africa. These areas are education; rehabilitation; and social inclusion and visibility. This work argues that undoing lifelong exclusion requires examining how disablism is embedded in the very fabric of our societies and operational at various levels: material, administrative, cultural and relational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Watermeyer
- Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Michelle Botha
- Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Heidi Lourens
- Department of Psychology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Xanthe Hunt
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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Giannoula A, Comas M, Castells X, Estupiñán-Romero F, Bernal-Delgado E, Sanz F, Sala M. Exploring long-term breast cancer survivors' care trajectories using dynamic time warping-based unsupervised clustering. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024; 31:820-831. [PMID: 38193340 PMCID: PMC10990519 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long-term breast cancer survivors (BCS) constitute a complex group of patients, whose number is estimated to continue rising, such that, a dedicated long-term clinical follow-up is necessary. MATERIALS AND METHODS A dynamic time warping-based unsupervised clustering methodology is presented in this article for the identification of temporal patterns in the care trajectories of 6214 female BCS of a large longitudinal retrospective cohort of Spain. The extracted care-transition patterns are graphically represented using directed network diagrams with aggregated patient and time information. A control group consisting of 12 412 females without breast cancer is also used for comparison. RESULTS The use of radiology and hospital admission are explored as patterns of special interest. In the generated networks, a more intense and complex use of certain healthcare services (eg, radiology, outpatient care, hospital admission) is shown and quantified for the BCS. Higher mortality rates and numbers of comorbidities are observed in various transitions and compared with non-breast cancer. It is also demonstrated how a wealth of patient and time information can be revealed from individual service transitions. DISCUSSION The presented methodology permits the identification and descriptive visualization of temporal patterns of the usage of healthcare services by the BCS, that otherwise would remain hidden in the trajectories. CONCLUSION The results could provide the basis for better understanding the BCS' circulation through the health system, with a view to more efficiently predicting their forthcoming needs and thus designing more effective personalized survivorship care plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Giannoula
- Epidemiology and Evaluation Department, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- RICAPPS Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria Y Promoción de la Salud, Spain
| | - Mercè Comas
- Epidemiology and Evaluation Department, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- RICAPPS Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria Y Promoción de la Salud, Spain
| | - Xavier Castells
- Epidemiology and Evaluation Department, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- RICAPPS Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria Y Promoción de la Salud, Spain
| | - Francisco Estupiñán-Romero
- RICAPPS Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria Y Promoción de la Salud, Spain
- Data Science for Health Services and Policy Research Group, Institute for Health Sciences (IACS), Zaragoza, Aragon, 50009, Spain
| | - Enrique Bernal-Delgado
- RICAPPS Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria Y Promoción de la Salud, Spain
- Data Science for Health Services and Policy Research Group, Institute for Health Sciences (IACS), Zaragoza, Aragon, 50009, Spain
| | - Ferran Sanz
- Epidemiology and Evaluation Department, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Sala
- Epidemiology and Evaluation Department, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- RICAPPS Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria Y Promoción de la Salud, Spain
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Wang L, Yilmaz F, Yildirim O, Schölermann B, Bag S, Greiner L, Pahl A, Sievers S, Scheel R, Strohmann C, Squire C, Foley DJ, Ziegler S, Grigalunas M, Waldmann H. Discovery of a Novel Pseudo-Natural Product Aurora Kinase Inhibitor Chemotype through Morphological Profiling. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2309202. [PMID: 38569218 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The pseudo-natural product (pseudo-NP) concept aims to combine NP fragments in arrangements that are not accessible through known biosynthetic pathways. The resulting compounds retain the biological relevance of NPs but are not yet linked to bioactivities and may therefore be best evaluated by unbiased screening methods resulting in the identification of unexpected or unprecedented bioactivities. Herein, various NP fragments are combined with a tricyclic core connectivity via interrupted Fischer indole and indole dearomatization reactions to provide a collection of highly three-dimensional pseudo-NPs. Target hypothesis generation by morphological profiling via the cell painting assay guides the identification of an unprecedented chemotype for Aurora kinase inhibition with both its relatively highly 3D structure and its physicochemical properties being very different from known inhibitors. Biochemical and cell biological characterization indicate that the phenotype identified by the cell painting assay corresponds to the inhibition of Aurora kinase B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Furkan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Okan Yildirim
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Beate Schölermann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sukdev Bag
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luca Greiner
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Compound Management and Screening Center (COMAS), 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Compound Management and Screening Center (COMAS), 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rebecca Scheel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christopher Squire
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 1142, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel J Foley
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, 8041, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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Ngo O, Chloupková R, Cibula D, Sláma J, Mandelová L, Hejduk K, Hajdúch M, Minka P, Koudeláková V, Jaworek H, Trnková M, Vaněk P, Dvořák V, Dušek L, Májek O. Direct mailing of HPV self-sampling kits to women aged 50-65 non-participating in cervical screening in the Czech Republic. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:361-367. [PMID: 38224266 PMCID: PMC10990530 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A population-based cervical cancer screening programme is implemented in the Czech Republic. However, participation is insufficient among women over 50 years. This study aimed to estimate the potential improvement in participation through directly mailed HPV self-sampling kits (HPVssk) compared with standard invitation letters in women aged 50-65 non-participating in screening. METHODS The study recruited 1564 eligible women (no cervical cancer screening in the last 3 years or more, no previous treatment associated with cervical lesions or cervical cancer). Eight hundred women were mailed with an HPVssk (HPVssk group), and 764 women were sent a standard invitation letter (control group) inviting them to a routine screening (Pap test). The primary outcome was a comparison of the overall participation rate between study groups using a binominal regression model. RESULTS The participation rate in the HPVssk group was 13.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.2-15.9%; 7.4% of women returned the HPVssk and 6.0% attended gynaecological examination] and 5.0% (95% CI 3.6-6.8%) in the control group. Using the binominal regression model, the difference between the groups was estimated as 7.6% (95% CI 5.0-10.2%; P < 0.001). In the HPVssk group, 22% of women who returned HPVssk had a positive result and 70% of them underwent a follow-up examination. CONCLUSIONS Compared with traditional invitation letters, the direct mailing of the HPVssk achieved a significantly higher participation rate, along with a notable HPV positivity rate among HPVssk responders. This approach offers a potentially viable method for engaging women who have not yet attended a cervical screening programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Ngo
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Chloupková
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Cibula
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Sláma
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Mandelová
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Hejduk
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Minka
- RBP, Health Insurance Company, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Koudeláková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Jaworek
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Peter Vaněk
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Dvořák
- Centre of Outpatient Gynaecology and Primary Care, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dušek
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Májek
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Abreu de Carvalho C, Viola PCDAF, Magalhães EIDS, Machado SP, Matijasevich A, Menezes AMB, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Santos IS, Goncalves H, Wehrmeister FC, Horta BL, Moura da Silva AA. Association between breast feeding and food consumption according to the degree of processing in Brazil: a cohort study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083871. [PMID: 38569686 PMCID: PMC10989181 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-083871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of breast feeding may be associated with better formation of eating habits beyond childhood. This study was designed to verify the association between breast feeding and food consumption according to the degree of processing in four Brazilian birth cohorts. METHODS The duration of exclusive, predominant and total breast feeding was evaluated. The analysis of the energy contribution of fresh or minimally processed foods (FMPF) and ultra-processed foods (UPF) in the diet was evaluated during childhood (13-36 months), adolescence (11-18 years) and adulthood (22, 23 and 30 years). RESULTS Those who were predominantly breastfed for less than 4 months had a higher UPF consumption (β 3.14, 95% CI 0.82 to 5.47) and a lower FMPF consumption (β -3.47, 95% CI -5.91 to -1.02) at age 22 years in the 1993 cohort. Exclusive breast feeding (EBF) for less than 6 months was associated with increased UPF consumption (β 1.75, 95% CI 0.25 to 3.24) and reduced FMPF consumption (β -1.49, 95% CI -2.93 to -0.04) at age 11 years in the 2004 cohort. In this same cohort, total breast feeding for less than 12 months was associated with increased UPF consumption (β 1.12, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.19) and decreased FMPF consumption (β -1.13, 95% CI -2 .07 to -0.19). Children who did not receive EBF for 6 months showed an increase in the energy contribution of UPF (β 2.36, 95% CI 0.53 to 4.18) and a decrease in FMPF (β -2.33, 95% CI -4 .19 to -0.48) in the diet at 13-36 months in the 2010 cohort. In this cohort, children who were breastfed for less than 12 months in total had higher UPF consumption (β 2.16, 95% CI 0.81 to 3.51) and lower FMPF consumption (β -1.79, 95% CI -3.09 to -0.48). CONCLUSION Exposure to breast feeding is associated with lower UPF consumption and higher FMPF consumption in childhood, adolescence and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ina S Santos
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Helen Goncalves
- Social Medicine, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Madina MA, Grimaldo E, Grimsmo L, Toldnes B, Slizyte R, Carvajal AK, Schei M, Selnes M, Falch E. Exploring the Potential of Atlantic Mesopelagic Species Processed on Board Commercial Fishing Vessels as a Source of Dietary Lipids. Foods 2024; 13:1094. [PMID: 38611398 PMCID: PMC11011569 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the use of untapped mesopelagic species as a source of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) to meet the growing demand. The challenges faced by commercial fishing vessels, such as varying catch rates and species distribution affecting lipid levels, are addressed. Marine oils were produced post-catch using thermal separation and enzymatic hydrolysis during four commercial cruises, screening approximately 20,000 kg of mixed mesopelagic species. Maurolicus muelleri and Benthosema glaciale were the dominant species in the catch, while krill was the primary bycatch. The lipid composition varied, with B. glaciale having a higher prevalence of wax esters, while triacylglycerols and phospholipids were more predominant in the other species. LC n-3 PUFAs ranged from 19% to 44% of lipids, with an average EPA + DHA content of 202 mg/g of oil. Both processing methods achieved oil recoveries of over 90%. Estimates indicate that the mesopelagic biomass in the Northeast Atlantic could supply annual recommended levels of EPA + DHA to 1.5 million people, promoting healthy heart and brain functions. These findings offer valuable insights for considering mesopelagic species as a potential source of dietary marine lipids, laying the groundwork for further research and innovation in processing and obtaining valuable compounds from such species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Madina
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eduardo Grimaldo
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Leif Grimsmo
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bendik Toldnes
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rasa Slizyte
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ana Karina Carvajal
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marte Schei
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Merethe Selnes
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eva Falch
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Novoa J, López-Ibáñez J, Chagoyen M, Ranea JAG, Pazos F. CoMentG: comprehensive retrieval of generic relationships between biomedical concepts from the scientific literature. Database (Oxford) 2024; 2024:baae025. [PMID: 38564426 PMCID: PMC10986793 DOI: 10.1093/database/baae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The CoMentG resource contains millions of relationships between terms of biomedical interest obtained from the scientific literature. At the core of the system is a methodology for detecting significant co-mentions of concepts in the entire PubMed corpus. That method was applied to nine sets of terms covering the most important classes of biomedical concepts: diseases, symptoms/clinical signs, molecular functions, biological processes, cellular compartments, anatomic parts, cell types, bacteria and chemical compounds. We obtained more than 7 million relationships between more than 74 000 terms, and many types of relationships were not available in any other resource. As the terms were obtained from widely used resources and ontologies, the relationships are given using the standard identifiers provided by them and hence can be linked to other data. A web interface allows users to browse these associations, searching for relationships for a set of terms of interests provided as input, such as between a disease and their associated symptoms, underlying molecular processes or affected tissues. The results are presented in an interactive interface where the user can explore the reported relationships in different ways and follow links to other resources. Database URL: https://csbg.cnb.csic.es/CoMentG/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Novoa
- Computational Systems Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), c/ Darwin, 3., Madrid 28049 , Spain
| | - Javier López-Ibáñez
- Computational Systems Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), c/ Darwin, 3., Madrid 28049 , Spain
| | - Mónica Chagoyen
- Computational Systems Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), c/ Darwin, 3., Madrid 28049 , Spain
| | - Juan A G Ranea
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Avda. Cervantes, 2., Málaga 29071, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga and platform of nanomedicine (IBIMA platform BIONAND), Malaga 29071, Spain
- Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB/ELIXIR-ES), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Florencio Pazos
- Computational Systems Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), c/ Darwin, 3., Madrid 28049 , Spain
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Cipriano L, Minino R, Liparoti M, Polverino A, Romano A, Bonavita S, Pirozzi MA, Quarantelli M, Jirsa V, Sorrentino G, Sorrentino P, Troisi Lopez E. Flexibility of brain dynamics is increased and predicts clinical impairment in relapsing-remitting but not in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae112. [PMID: 38585670 PMCID: PMC10998461 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Large-scale brain activity has long been investigated under the erroneous assumption of stationarity. Nowadays, we know that resting-state functional connectivity is characterized by aperiodic, scale-free bursts of activity (i.e. neuronal avalanches) that intermittently recruit different brain regions. These different patterns of activity represent a measure of brain flexibility, whose reduction has been found to predict clinical impairment in multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Brain flexibility has been recently found increased in multiple sclerosis, but its relationship with clinical disability remains elusive. Also, potential differences in brain dynamics according to the multiple sclerosis clinical phenotypes remain unexplored so far. We performed a brain dynamics study quantifying brain flexibility utilizing the 'functional repertoire' (i.e. the number of configurations of active brain areas) through source reconstruction of magnetoencephalography signals in a cohort of 25 multiple sclerosis patients (10 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and 15 secondary progressive multiple sclerosis) and 25 healthy controls. Multiple sclerosis patients showed a greater number of unique reconfigurations at fast time scales as compared with healthy controls. This difference was mainly driven by the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis phenotype, whereas no significant differences in brain dynamics were found between secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and healthy controls. Brain flexibility also showed a different predictive power on clinical disability according to the multiple sclerosis type. For the first time, we investigated brain dynamics in multiple sclerosis patients through high temporal resolution techniques, unveiling differences in brain flexibility according to the multiple sclerosis phenotype and its relationship with clinical disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cipriano
- Department of Medical, Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples ‘Parthenope’, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Minino
- Department of Medical, Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples ‘Parthenope’, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Liparoti
- Department of Philosophical, Pedagogical and Quantitative-Economic Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara ‘G. d’Annunzio’, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Arianna Polverino
- Institute of Diagnosis and Therapy Hermitage Capodimonte, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Romano
- Department of Medical, Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples ‘Parthenope’, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Bonavita
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania ‘L. Vanvitelli’, 81100 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Agnese Pirozzi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania ‘L. Vanvitelli’, 81100 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Viktor Jirsa
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Inserm, INS, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Giuseppe Sorrentino
- Department of Medical, Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples ‘Parthenope’, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Diagnosis and Therapy Hermitage Capodimonte, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Inserm, INS, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Emahnuel Troisi Lopez
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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Nagy S, Richter D, Dargó G, Orbán B, Gémes G, Höltzl T, Garádi Z, Fehér Z, Kupai J. Cinchona-Based Hydrogen-Bond Donor Organocatalyst Metal Complexes: Asymmetric Catalysis and Structure Determination. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300180. [PMID: 38189585 PMCID: PMC11004460 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the synthesis of cinchona (thio)squaramide and a novel cinchona thiourea organocatalyst. These catalysts were employed in pharmaceutically relevant catalytic asymmetric reactions, such as Michael, Friedel-Crafts, and A3 coupling reactions, in combination with Ag(I), Cu(II), and Ni(II) salts. We identified several organocatalyst-metal salt combinations that led to a significant increase in both yield and enantioselectivity. To gain insight into the active catalyst species, we prepared organocatalyst-metal complexes and characterized them using HRMS, NMR spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations (B3LYP-D4/def2-TZVP), which allowed us to establish a structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
- Euroapi Hungary Kft.Tó utca 1–51045BudapestHungary
| | - Dóra Richter
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
| | - Gyula Dargó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
| | - Balázs Orbán
- ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupDepartment of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
- Furukawa Electric Institute of TechnologyKésmárk utca 28/A1157BudapestHungary
| | - Gergő Gémes
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
| | - Tibor Höltzl
- ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupDepartment of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
- Furukawa Electric Institute of TechnologyKésmárk utca 28/A1157BudapestHungary
| | - Zsófia Garádi
- Department of PharmacognosySemmelweis UniversityÜllői út. 261085BudapesHungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Fehér
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
| | - József Kupai
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
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Torma F, Kerepesi C, Jókai M, Babszki G, Koltai E, Ligeti B, Kalcsevszki R, McGreevy KM, Horvath S, Radák Z. Alterations of the gut microbiome are associated with epigenetic age acceleration and physical fitness. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14101. [PMID: 38414315 PMCID: PMC11019127 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic clocks can measure aging and predict the incidence of diseases and mortality. Higher levels of physical fitness are associated with a slower aging process and a healthier lifespan. Microbiome alterations occur in various diseases and during the aging process, yet their relation to epigenetic clocks is not explored. To fill this gap, we collected metagenomic (from stool), epigenetic (from blood), and exercise-related data from physically active individuals and, by applying epigenetic clocks, we examined the relationship between gut flora, blood-based epigenetic age acceleration, and physical fitness. We revealed that an increased entropy in the gut microbiome of physically active middle-aged/old individuals is associated with accelerated epigenetic aging, decreased fitness, or impaired health status. We also observed that a slower epigenetic aging and higher fitness level can be linked to altered abundance of some bacterial species often linked to anti-inflammatory effects. Overall our data suggest that alterations in the microbiome can be associated with epigenetic age acceleration and physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Torma
- Research Institute of Sport ScienceHungarian University of Sport ScienceBudapestHungary
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Csaba Kerepesi
- Institute for Computer Science and Control (SZTAKI)Hungarian Research Network (HUN‐REN)BudapestHungary
| | - Mátyás Jókai
- Research Institute of Sport ScienceHungarian University of Sport ScienceBudapestHungary
| | - Gergely Babszki
- Research Institute of Sport ScienceHungarian University of Sport ScienceBudapestHungary
| | - Erika Koltai
- Research Institute of Sport ScienceHungarian University of Sport ScienceBudapestHungary
| | - Balázs Ligeti
- Faculty of Information Technology and BionicsPázmány Péter Catholic UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Regina Kalcsevszki
- Faculty of Information Technology and BionicsPázmány Péter Catholic UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Kristen M. McGreevy
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of ScienceCambridgeUK
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Institute of Sport ScienceHungarian University of Sport ScienceBudapestHungary
- Waseda UniversityTokorozawaJapan
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32
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de Lint L, Roßmann M, Vostroknutov A. Narrative influence on support of a public policy: The case of nuclear power in The Netherlands. PNAS Nexus 2024; 3:pgae149. [PMID: 38646548 PMCID: PMC11032192 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
We propose a new methodology to systematically transform presurveyed argument preferences into fictional narratives, that can help people to imagine the consequences of future events, and measure how they impact willingness to pay for a public policy. We apply narrative theory to construct two short narratives that depict an imaginary future, bleak due to climate change or energy dependence, and show experimentally that exposure to these narratives increases contributions in a Public Goods game, framed as payments toward the construction of new nuclear plant in The Netherlands. Our results suggest that fictional narratives can be used (and misused) as a tool of economic policy that allows conveying relevant information to people about complex issues. We discuss the ethical use of narratives and the value of their transparent construction for democratic will-formation and policy implementation when abstract factual information can be difficult to process or comprehend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte de Lint
- Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Roßmann
- Department of History, Maastricht University, 6211 SZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Vostroknutov
- Department of Microeconomics and Public Economics, Maastricht University, 6211 LM Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Sopic M, Stopa V, Devaux Y. Leveraging epitranscriptomics for cardiovascular disease theranostics. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:1098-1100. [PMID: 38190430 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miron Sopic
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B rue Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Victoria Stopa
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B rue Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B rue Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Montes ML, Busca C, Espinosa N, Bernardino JI, Ibarra-Ugarte S, Martín-Carbonero L, Moreno C, Macias J, Rivero A, Cervero-Jiménez M, González-García J. Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Factors in the Era of Antiretroviral Drugs With a Low Metabolic Toxicity Profile. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae112. [PMID: 38560607 PMCID: PMC10981392 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has risen dramatically. Among people living with HIV (PLHIV), chronic disease (now >15 cases/1000 in the general population worldwide) and long-term exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) can alter metabolic processes early, favoring insulin resistance and T2DM. We retrospectively studied the incidence of T2DM and associated factors in the Cohort of the Spanish AIDS Research Network, a prospective cohort of PLHIV enrolled at diagnosis and before initiation of ART. Methods PLHIV were aged >18 years and ART naive at inclusion. The incidence of new diagnoses of T2DM after initiation of ART (per 1000 person-years) was calculated. Predictors of a diagnosis of T2DM were identified by a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for statistically significant and clinically relevant variables. Results Cumulative incidence was 5.9 (95% CI, 5.1-6.7) per 1000 person-years, increasing significantly in persons aged >50 years to 14.4 (95% CI, 10.4-19.3). Median time to diagnosis of T2DM was 27 months. Only age and higher education were significant. Interestingly, higher education was associated with a 33% reduction in the incidence of T2DM. Having received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate + (lamivudine or emtricitabine) + rilpivirine was almost significant as a protective factor (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, .24-1.01; P = .05). Conclusions The incidence of T2DM in PLHIV in Spain was high, especially in persons aged >50 years. Age was the factor most closely associated with onset, and educational level was the factor most associated with reduced risk. We highlight the lack of association between HIV-related factors and T2DM and show that, within nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, rilpivirine could prove more benign for metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Montes
- Unidad VIH, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Busca
- Unidad VIH, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Espinosa
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Clinical Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Bernardino
- Unidad VIH, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofia Ibarra-Ugarte
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luz Martín-Carbonero
- Unidad VIH, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Moreno
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Macias
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, IBiS, Universidad de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Juan González-García
- Unidad VIH, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Juesas Iglesias L, Sánchez-Canteli M, Pedregal Mallo D, Otero-Rosales M, López F, García-Pedrero JM, Rodrigo JP. Prognostic value of preoperative inflammatory ratios in early glottic cancer treated with transoral laser surgery. Head Neck 2024; 46:819-830. [PMID: 38196290 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence regarding the prognostic utility of ratios such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SIII) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, most studies to date include heterogeneous series with different treatments or tumor subsites. METHODS We collected data from 201 patients with stage I-II glottic squamous cell carcinoma treated with transoral laser surgery. NLR, PLR, and SIII were calculated from preoperative cell blood count, cut-off points were obtained by ROC curve analysis, and survival rates were calculated. RESULTS High NLR (p = 0.012) and SIII (p = 0.037), but not PLR (p = 0.48), were associated with worse disease-specific survival (DSS). A similar trend was observed with overall survival (OS), although it did not reach statistical significance. On multivariable analyses, both high NLR (HR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.5-9.9, p = 0.006) and high SIII (HR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.1-6.9, p = 0.03) were significantly associated with shortened DSS. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative NLR and SIII emerge as independent prognostic biomarkers for early-stage surgically treated glottic tumors and could guide individualized follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Juesas Iglesias
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario Sánchez-Canteli
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Pedregal Mallo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Otero-Rosales
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando López
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Messa GAM, Korhonen MT, Degens H. No ageing-related increase in fibre type grouping in sprint-trained masters runners: A 10-year follow-up study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:552-561. [PMID: 38228574 PMCID: PMC10995270 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that an ageing-associated remodelling and loss of motor units due to motor neuron death contributes significantly to muscle weakness in old age. In histological sections, motor unit remodelling is reflected by increased fibre type grouping. While regular exercise may not attenuate the loss of motor units during ageing, it has been suggested to facilitate reinnervation resulting in larger motor units, and a higher number and larger fibre type groups in histological sections of muscles from aged individuals. METHODS In a 10-year follow-up study, we assessed changes in the prevalence and size of fibre type groups in the vastus lateralis muscle from 34 male masters sprinters (40-85 years at start). RESULTS Over the 10 years, there was an ageing-related reduction in performance in the 60-m sprint (P < 0.001) without significant changes in fibre type composition and fibre cross-sectional area. Neither the number of fibre type groups, defined as a fibre surrounded exclusively by fibres of the same type, nor the group size changed significantly in the 10-year period. CONCLUSIONS These histological data show that there is limited to no significant fibre type grouping over a 10-year period in masters athletes who continued sprint run training. This observation challenges the paradigm that ageing, at least in systematically trained sprinters, is associated with motor unit remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Anselme Mpaka Messa
- Higher Institute of Medical TechnologyISTM‐KinshasaKinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity Kasa‐Vubu (UKV)BomaDemocratic Republic of Congo
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity de Bandundu (UNIBAND)BandunduDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Marko T. Korhonen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of SportManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
- Institute of Sport Science and InnovationsLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
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Qu Z, Ma J, Huang Y, Li T, Tang H, Wang X, Liu S, Zhang K, Lu J, Karnaushenko DD, Karnaushenko D, Zhu M, Schmidt OG. A Photolithographable Electrolyte for Deeply Rechargeable Zn Microbatteries in On-Chip Devices. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2310667. [PMID: 38232386 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Zn batteries show promise for microscale applications due to their compatibility with air fabrication but face challenges like dendrite growth and chemical corrosion, especially at the microscale. Despite previous attempts in electrolyte engineering, achieving successful patterning of electrolyte microscale devices has remained challenging. Here, successful patterning using photolithography is enabled by incorporating caffeine into a UV-crosslinked polyacrylamide hydrogel electrolyte. Caffeine passivates the Zn anode, preventing chemical corrosion, while its coordination with Zn2+ ions forms a Zn2+-conducting complex that transforms into ZnCO3 and 2ZnCO3·3Zn(OH)2 over cycling. The resulting Zn-rich interphase product significantly enhances Zn reversibility. In on-chip microbatteries, the resulting solid-electrolyte interphase allows the Zn||MnO2 full cell to cycle for over 700 cycles with an 80% depth of discharge. Integrating the photolithographable electrolyte into multilayer microfabrication creates a microbattery with a 3D Swiss-roll structure that occupies a footprint of 0.136 mm2. This tiny microbattery retains 75% of its capacity (350 µAh cm-2) for 200 cycles at a remarkable 90% depth of discharge. The findings offer a promising solution for enhancing the performance of Zn microbatteries, particularly for on-chip microscale devices, and have significant implications for the advancement of autonomous microscale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Qu
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), TU Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jiachen Ma
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), TU Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Yang Huang
- Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guanzhou, 511400, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), TU Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Hongmei Tang
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), TU Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Science, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai Zhang
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dmitriy D Karnaushenko
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), TU Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), TU Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Minshen Zhu
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), TU Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), TU Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
- School of Science, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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Van Meerhaeghe T, Murakami N, Le Moine A, Brouard S, Sprangers B, Degauque N. Fine-tuning tumor- and allo-immunity: advances in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in kidney transplant recipients. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfae061. [PMID: 38606169 PMCID: PMC11008728 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a common complication after kidney transplantation. Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) have a 2- to 4-fold higher risk of developing cancer compared to the general population and post-transplant malignancy is the third most common cause of death in KTR. Moreover, it is well known that certain cancer types are overrepresented after transplantation, especially non-melanoma skin cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of cancer, with remarkable survival benefit in a subgroup of patients. ICI are monoclonal antibodies that block the binding of specific co-inhibitory signaling molecules. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and its ligand programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are the main targets of ICI. Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) have been excluded from clinical trials owing to concerns about tumor response, allo-immunity, and risk of transplant rejection. Indeed, graft rejection has been estimated as high as 48% and represents an emerging problem. The underlying mechanisms of organ rejection in the context of treatment with ICI are poorly understood. The search for restricted antitumoral responses without graft rejection is of paramount importance. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the use of ICI in KTR, the potential mechanisms involved in kidney graft rejection during ICI treatment, potential biomarkers of rejection, and how to deal with rejection in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Van Meerhaeghe
- Departement of Nephrology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Naoka Murakami
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Alain Le Moine
- Departement of Nephrology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Ben Sprangers
- Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Degauque
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes, France
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Mavrogeorgis E, Valkenburg S, Siwy J, Latosinska A, Glorieux G, Mischak H, Jankowski J. Integration of Urinary Peptidome and Fecal Microbiome to Explore Patient Clustering in Chronic Kidney Disease. Proteomes 2024; 12:11. [PMID: 38651370 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes12020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide currently suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD), requiring kidney replacement therapy at the end stage. Endeavors to better understand CKD pathophysiology from an omics perspective have revealed major molecular players in several sample sources. Focusing on non-invasive sources, gut microbial communities appear to be disturbed in CKD, while numerous human urinary peptides are also dysregulated. Nevertheless, studies often focus on isolated omics techniques, thus potentially missing the complementary pathophysiological information that multidisciplinary approaches could provide. To this end, human urinary peptidome was analyzed and integrated with clinical and fecal microbiome (16S sequencing) data collected from 110 Non-CKD or CKD individuals (Early, Moderate, or Advanced CKD stage) that were not undergoing dialysis. Participants were visualized in a three-dimensional space using different combinations of clinical and molecular data. The most impactful clinical variables to discriminate patient groups in the reduced dataspace were, among others, serum urea, haemoglobin, total blood protein, urinary albumin, urinary erythrocytes, blood pressure, cholesterol measures, body mass index, Bristol stool score, and smoking; relevant variables were also microbial taxa, including Roseburia, Butyricicoccus, Flavonifractor, Burkholderiales, Holdemania, Synergistaceae, Enterorhabdus, and Senegalimassilia; urinary peptidome fragments were predominantly derived from proteins of collagen origin; among the non-collagen parental proteins were FXYD2, MGP, FGA, APOA1, and CD99. The urinary peptidome appeared to capture substantial variation in the CKD context. Integrating clinical and molecular data contributed to an improved cohort separation compared to clinical data alone, indicating, once again, the added value of this combined information in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Mavrogeorgis
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sophie Valkenburg
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Justyna Siwy
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Griet Glorieux
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Bernard C, Carotenuto AR, Pugno NM, Fraldi M, Deseri L. Modelling lipid rafts formation through chemo-mechanical interplay triggered by receptor-ligand binding. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:485-505. [PMID: 38060155 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes, mediator of many biological mechanisms from adhesion and metabolism up to mutation and infection, are highly dynamic and heterogeneous environments exhibiting a strong coupling between biochemical events and structural re-organisation. This involves conformational changes induced, at lower scales, by lipid order transitions and by the micro-mechanical interplay of lipids with transmembrane proteins and molecular diffusion. Particular attention is focused on lipid rafts, ordered lipid microdomains rich of signalling proteins, that co-localise to enhance substance trafficking and activate different intracellular biochemical pathways. In this framework, the theoretical modelling of the dynamic clustering of lipid rafts implies a full multiphysics coupling between the kinetics of phase changes and the mechanical work performed by transmembrane proteins on lipids, involving the bilayer elasticity. This mechanism produces complex interspecific dynamics in which membrane stresses and chemical potentials do compete by determining different morphological arrangements, alteration in diffusive walkways and coalescence phenomena, with a consequent influence on both signalling potential and intracellular processes. Therefore, after identifying the leading chemo-mechanical interactions, the present work investigates from a modelling perspective the spatio-temporal evolution of raft domains to theoretically explain co-localisation and synergy between proteins' activation and raft formation, by coupling diffusive and mechanical phenomena to observe different morphological patterns and clustering of ordered lipids. This could help to gain new insights into the remodelling of cell membranes and could potentially suggest mechanically based strategies to control their selectivity, by orienting intracellular functions and mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernard
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Angelo Rosario Carotenuto
- Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Integrated Mechanics and Imaging for Testing and Simulation (LIMITS), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Maria Pugno
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Laboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Massimiliano Fraldi
- Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Integrated Mechanics and Imaging for Testing and Simulation (LIMITS), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Département de Physique, LPENS, École Normale Supérieure-PSL, Paris, France
| | - Luca Deseri
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Sciences, MEMS-SSoE, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA.
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Correction to: Epigenetic and Metabolomic Biomarkers for Biological Age: A Comparative Analysis of Mortality and Frailty Risk. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79. [PMID: 38566571 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
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Rey-García J, Mérida DM, Donat-Vargas C, Sandoval-Insausti H, Rodríguez-Ayala M, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Guallar-Castillón P. Less Favorable Nutri-Score Consumption Ratings Are Prospectively Associated with Abdominal Obesity in Older Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:1020. [PMID: 38613053 PMCID: PMC11013145 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutri-Score is a front-of-package (FOP) labeling designed to assist consumers in selecting healthier options at the point of purchase and ultimately enhance their health. This study aims to evaluate the association between the Nutri-Score system and incident abdominal obesity (AO) in community-dwelling older adults. A prospective cohort of 628 individuals aged ≥ 60 were recruited in Spain between 2008-2010 and were reexamined between 2015-2017. Dietary intake was evaluated utilizing a validated computerized dietary history. Food was categorized based on the Nutri-Score system into five levels from A (green, representing the best quality) to E (red, representing the poorest quality). A five-color Nutri-Score dietary index (5-CNS DI) in g/day/kg was calculated for each participant. AO was determined by a waist circumference (WC) of ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women. Logistic regression models were adjusted for the main potential confounders. During a mean six-year follow-up, 184 incident cases of AO occurred. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for AO, when comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of the 5-CNS DI, were 2.45 (1.17-5.14), with a p-value for trend of 0.035. In sensitivity analyses, the OR was 2.59 (1.22-5.52, p-trend: 0.032) after adjustment for WC at baseline, and 1.75 (0.74-4.18, p-trend: 0.316) after adjustment for ultra-processed food consumption. In conclusion, less favorable food-consumption ratings in the Nutri-Score are associated with incident AO in the elderly. These findings support the use of this FOP system to potentially improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Rey-García
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
| | - Diana María Mérida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
| | - Carolina Donat-Vargas
- ISGlobal-Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Montserrat Rodríguez-Ayala
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ramón Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Guallar-Castillón
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Alabed HBR, Pellegrino RM, Buratta S, Lema Fernandez AG, La Starza R, Urbanelli L, Mecucci C, Emiliani C, Gorello P. Metabolic Profiling as an Approach to Differentiate T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines Belonging to the Same Genetic Subgroup. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3921. [PMID: 38612731 PMCID: PMC11011837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive tumor mainly affecting children and adolescents. It is driven by multiple genetic mutations that together define the leukemic phenotype. Interestingly, based on genetic alterations and/or deregulated expression, at least six genetic subgroups have been recognized. The TAL/LMO subgroup is one of the most represented genetic subgroups, characterizing 30-45% of pediatric T-ALL cases. The study of lipid and metabolic profiles is increasingly recognized as a valuable tool for comprehending the development and progression of tumors. In this study, metabolic and lipidomic analysis via LC/MS have been carried out on four T-ALL cell lines belonging to the TAL/LMO subgroup (Jurkat, Molt-4, Molt-16, and CCRF-CEM) to identify new potential metabolic biomarkers and to provide a subclassification of T-ALL cell lines belonging to the same subgroup. A total of 343 metabolites were annotated, including 126 polar metabolites and 217 lipid molecules. The statistical analysis, for both metabolic and lipid profiles, shows significant differences and similarities among the four cell lines. The Molt-4 cell line is the most distant cell line and CCRF-CEM shows a high activity in specific pathways when compared to the other cell lines, while Molt-16 and Jurkat show a similar metabolic profile. Additionally, this study highlighted the pathways that differ in each cell line and the possible enzymes involved using bioinformatic tools, capable of predicting the pathways involved by studying the differences in the metabolic profiles. This experiment offers an approach to differentiate T-ALL cell lines and could open the way to verify and confirm the obtained results directly in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam B. R. Alabed
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
| | - Roberto Maria Pellegrino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
| | - Sandra Buratta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anair Graciela Lema Fernandez
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (A.G.L.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Roberta La Starza
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (A.G.L.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Lorena Urbanelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Mecucci
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (A.G.L.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gorello
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Warmbrunn MV, Boulund U, Aron-Wisnewsky J, de Goffau MC, Abeka RE, Davids M, Bresser LRF, Levin E, Clement K, Galenkamp H, Ferwerda B, van den Born BJJH, Kurilshikov A, Fu J, Zwinderman AH, Soeters MR, van Raalte DH, Herrema H, Groen AK, Nieuwdorp M. Networks of gut bacteria relate to cardiovascular disease in a multi-ethnic population: the HELIUS study. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:372-384. [PMID: 38289866 PMCID: PMC10981523 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Gut microbiota have been linked to blood lipid levels and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The composition and abundance of gut microbiota trophic networks differ between ethnicities. We aim to evaluate the relationship between gut microbiotal trophic networks and CVD phenotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS We included cross-sectional data from 3860 individuals without CVD history from 6 ethnicities living in the Amsterdam region participating in the prospective Healthy Life in Urban Setting (HELIUS) study. Genetic variants were genotyped, faecal gut microbiota were profiled, and blood and anthropometric parameters were measured. A machine learning approach was used to assess the relationship between CVD risk (Framingham score) and gut microbiota stratified by ethnicity. Potential causal relationships between gut microbiota composition and CVD were inferred by performing two-sample Mendelian randomization with hard CVD events from the Pan-UK Biobank and microbiome genome-wide association studies summary data from a subset of the HELIUS cohort (n = 4117). Microbial taxa identified to be associated with CVD by machine learning and Mendelian randomization were often ethnic-specific, but some concordance across ethnicities was found. The microbes Akkermansia muciniphila and Ruminococcaceae UCG-002 were protective against ischaemic heart disease in African-Surinamese and Moroccans, respectively. We identified a strong inverse association between blood lipids, CVD risk, and the combined abundance of the correlated microbes Christensenellaceae-Methanobrevibacter-Ruminococcaceae (CMR). The CMR cluster was also identified in two independent cohorts and the association with triglycerides was replicated. CONCLUSION Certain gut microbes can have a potentially causal relationship with CVD events, with possible ethnic-specific effects. We identified a trophic network centred around Christensenellaceae, Methanobrevibacter, and various Ruminococcaceae, frequently lacking in South-Asian Surinamese, to be protective against CVD risk and associated with low triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz V Warmbrunn
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrika Boulund
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Unit (Nutriomics), Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- Nutrition Department, Assistantea Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centres de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Paris, Ile de France, France
| | - Marcus C de Goffau
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- HorAIzon BV, 2625 GZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosamel E Abeka
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Davids
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas R F Bresser
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- HorAIzon BV, 2625 GZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Levin
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- HorAIzon BV, 2625 GZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Karine Clement
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Unit (Nutriomics), Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- Nutrition Department, Assistantea Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centres de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Paris, Ile de France, France
| | - Henrike Galenkamp
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Ferwerda
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert-Jan J H van den Born
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten R Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel H van Raalte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Iturbe P, Martín AS, Hamamoto H, Marcet-Houben M, Galbaldón T, Solano C, Lasa I. Noncontiguous operon atlas for the Staphylococcus aureus genome. Microlife 2024; 5:uqae007. [PMID: 38651166 PMCID: PMC11034616 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria synchronize the expression of genes with related functions by organizing genes into operons so that they are cotranscribed together in a single polycistronic messenger RNA. However, some cellular processes may benefit if the simultaneous production of the operon proteins coincides with the inhibition of the expression of an antagonist gene. To coordinate such situations, bacteria have evolved noncontiguous operons (NcOs), a subtype of operons that contain one or more genes that are transcribed in the opposite direction to the other operon genes. This structure results in overlapping transcripts whose expression is mutually repressed. The presence of NcOs cannot be predicted computationally and their identification requires a detailed knowledge of the bacterial transcriptome. In this study, we used direct RNA sequencing methodology to determine the NcOs map in the Staphylococcus aureus genome. We detected the presence of 18 NcOs in the genome of S. aureus and four in the genome of the lysogenic prophage 80α. The identified NcOs comprise genes involved in energy metabolism, metal acquisition and transport, toxin-antitoxin systems, and control of the phage life cycle. Using the menaquinone operon as a proof of concept, we show that disarrangement of the NcO architecture results in a reduction of bacterial fitness due to an increase in menaquinone levels and a decrease in the rate of oxygen consumption. Our study demonstrates the significance of NcO structures in bacterial physiology and emphasizes the importance of combining operon maps with transcriptomic data to uncover previously unnoticed functional relationships between neighbouring genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Iturbe
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Alvaro San Martín
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Hamamoto
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious diseases, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Lida-Nishi, 990-9585 Yamagata, Japan
| | - Marina Marcet-Houben
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS). Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Galbaldón
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS). Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Solano
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Iñigo Lasa
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
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Rusev S, Thon P, Rahmel T, Ziehe D, Marko B, Nowak H, Ellger B, Limper U, Schwier E, Henzler D, Ehrentraut SF, Bergmann L, Unterberg M, Adamzik M, Koos B, Rump K. The Association between the rs3747406 Polymorphism in the Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Gene and Sepsis Survivals Depends on the SOFA Score. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3871. [PMID: 38612684 PMCID: PMC11011808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The variability in mortality in sepsis could be a consequence of genetic variability. The glucocorticoid system and the intermediate TSC22D3 gene product-glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper-are clinically relevant in sepsis, which is why this study aimed to clarify whether TSC22D3 gene polymorphisms contribute to the variance in sepsis mortality. Blood samples for DNA extraction were obtained from 455 patients with a sepsis diagnosis according to the Sepsis-III criteria and from 73 control subjects. A SNP TaqMan assay was used to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TSC22D3 gene. Statistical and graphical analyses were performed using the SPSS Statistics and GraphPad Prism software. C-allele carriers of rs3747406 have a 2.07-fold higher mortality rate when the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score is higher than eight. In a multivariate COX regression model, the SNP rs3747406 with a SOFA score ≥ 8 was found to be an independent risk factor for 30-day survival in sepsis. The HR was calculated to be 2.12, with a p-value of 0.011. The wild-type allele was present in four out of six SNPs in our cohort. The promoter of TSC22D3 was found to be highly conserved. However, we discovered that the C-allele of rs3747406 poses a risk for sepsis mortality for SOFA Scores higher than 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rusev
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.R.); (P.T.); (T.R.); (D.Z.); (B.M.); (H.N.); (L.B.); (M.U.); (M.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Patrick Thon
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.R.); (P.T.); (T.R.); (D.Z.); (B.M.); (H.N.); (L.B.); (M.U.); (M.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Tim Rahmel
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.R.); (P.T.); (T.R.); (D.Z.); (B.M.); (H.N.); (L.B.); (M.U.); (M.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Dominik Ziehe
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.R.); (P.T.); (T.R.); (D.Z.); (B.M.); (H.N.); (L.B.); (M.U.); (M.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Britta Marko
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.R.); (P.T.); (T.R.); (D.Z.); (B.M.); (H.N.); (L.B.); (M.U.); (M.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Hartmuth Nowak
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.R.); (P.T.); (T.R.); (D.Z.); (B.M.); (H.N.); (L.B.); (M.U.); (M.A.); (B.K.)
- Center for Artificial Intelligence, Medical Informatics and Data Science, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Ellger
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Klinikum Westfalen, 44309 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Limper
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Cologne Merheim Medical School, University of Witten/Herdecke, 51109 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Elke Schwier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Klinikum Herford, 32049 Herford, Germany; (E.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Dietrich Henzler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Klinikum Herford, 32049 Herford, Germany; (E.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Stefan Felix Ehrentraut
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Lars Bergmann
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.R.); (P.T.); (T.R.); (D.Z.); (B.M.); (H.N.); (L.B.); (M.U.); (M.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Matthias Unterberg
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.R.); (P.T.); (T.R.); (D.Z.); (B.M.); (H.N.); (L.B.); (M.U.); (M.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Michael Adamzik
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.R.); (P.T.); (T.R.); (D.Z.); (B.M.); (H.N.); (L.B.); (M.U.); (M.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Björn Koos
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.R.); (P.T.); (T.R.); (D.Z.); (B.M.); (H.N.); (L.B.); (M.U.); (M.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Katharina Rump
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.R.); (P.T.); (T.R.); (D.Z.); (B.M.); (H.N.); (L.B.); (M.U.); (M.A.); (B.K.)
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Zervoudakis P, Karamolegkos N, Plevridi E, Charalampidis P, Fragkiadakis A. EPOPTIS: A Monitoring-as-a-Service Platform for Internet-of-Things Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2208. [PMID: 38610418 PMCID: PMC11014048 DOI: 10.3390/s24072208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The technology landscape has been dynamically reshaped by the rapid growth of the Internet of Things, introducing an era where everyday objects, equipped with smart sensors and connectivity, seamlessly interact to create intelligent ecosystems. IoT devices are highly heterogeneous in terms of software and hardware, and many of them are severely constrained. This heterogeneity and potentially constrained nature creates new challenges in terms of security, privacy, and data management. This work proposes a Monitoring-as-a-Service platform for both monitoring and management purposes, offering a comprehensive solution for collecting, storing, and processing monitoring data from heterogeneous IoT networks for the support of diverse IoT-based applications. To ensure a flexible and scalable solution, we leverage the FIWARE open-source framework, also incorporating blockchain and smart contract technologies to establish a robust integrity verification mechanism for aggregated monitoring and management data. Additionally, we apply automated workflows to filter and label the collected data systematically. Moreover, we provide thorough evaluation results in terms of CPU and RAM utilization and average service latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Zervoudakis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), GR70013 Heraklion, Greece; (P.Z.); (N.K.); (E.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Nikolaos Karamolegkos
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), GR70013 Heraklion, Greece; (P.Z.); (N.K.); (E.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Eleftheria Plevridi
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), GR70013 Heraklion, Greece; (P.Z.); (N.K.); (E.P.); (P.C.)
- Department of Computer Science, University of Crete, GR70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Pavlos Charalampidis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), GR70013 Heraklion, Greece; (P.Z.); (N.K.); (E.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Alexandros Fragkiadakis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), GR70013 Heraklion, Greece; (P.Z.); (N.K.); (E.P.); (P.C.)
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Magri V, De Renzi G, Marino L, De Meo M, Siringo M, Gelibter A, Gareri R, Cataldi C, Giannini G, Santini D, Nicolazzo C, Gazzaniga P. Circulating Cancer-Associated Macrophage-like Cells as a Blood-Based Biomarker of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3752. [PMID: 38612563 PMCID: PMC11011814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence has been provided that circulating cancer-associated macrophage-like cell (CAM-L) numbers increase in response to chemotherapy, with an inverse trend compared to circulating tumor cells (CTCs). In the era of evolving cancer immunotherapy, whether CAM-Ls might have a potential role as predictive biomarkers of response has been unexplored. We evaluated whether a serial blood evaluation of CTC to CAM-L ratio might predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in a cohort of non-small-cell lung cancer patients. At baseline, CTCs, CAM-Ls, and the CTC/CAM-L ratio significantly correlate with both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The baseline CTC/CAM-L ratio was significantly different in early progressors (4.28 ± 3.21) compared to long responders (0.42 ± 0.47) (p = 0.001). In patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, a CTC/CAM-L ratio ≤ 0.25 at baseline is associated with better PFS and OS. A baseline CTC/CAM-L ratio ≤ 0.25 is statistically significant to discriminate early progressions from durable response. The results of the present pilot study suggest that CAM-Ls together with CTCs could play an important role in evaluating patients treated with cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Magri
- Department of Pathology, Oncology and Radiology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Gianluigi De Renzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.D.R.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (C.N.); (P.G.)
| | - Luca Marino
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michela De Meo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.D.R.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (C.N.); (P.G.)
| | - Marco Siringo
- Department of Pathology, Oncology and Radiology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Alain Gelibter
- Department of Pathology, Oncology and Radiology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Roberta Gareri
- UOC di Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Leopoldo Parodi Delfino, 00034 Colleferro, Italy;
| | - Chiara Cataldi
- Department of Pathology, Oncology and Radiology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.D.R.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (C.N.); (P.G.)
| | - Daniele Santini
- Department of Pathology, Oncology and Radiology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Chiara Nicolazzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.D.R.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (C.N.); (P.G.)
| | - Paola Gazzaniga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.D.R.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (C.N.); (P.G.)
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Ávalos G, Caballero-Gómez J, Matas-Méndez P, Castro-Scholten S, Jiménez-Martín D, Köster PC, Santín M, Bailo B, Cano-Terriza D, González-Barrio D, Mateo M, García-Bocanegra I, Dashti A, Nájera F, Carmena D. Detection and genotyping of zoonotic microsporidia in the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae027. [PMID: 38499442 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia is a diverse group of obligate, intracellular, and spore-forming parasites that infect a wide range of animals. Among them, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. are the most frequently reported species in humans. Limited information is available about the presence and molecular diversity of microsporidian species in the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). Presence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. was investigated by molecular methods in wild and captive Iberian lynxes from Spain. Overall, E. bieneusi was detected in 3.2% (8/251) of the animals examined. None of the samples tested were positive for Encephalitozoon spp. Four known (D, EbfelA, PigEBITS7, and Type IV) and a novel (named as LynxSpEb1) E. bieneusi genotypes were identified. All the genotypes found belonged to the zoonotic Group 1 of E. bieneusi. This study provides the first genotyping data of E. bieneusi in Iberian lynx in Spain. Our result indicate that the Iberian lynx does not seem to play a relevant role in the epidemiology of Encephalitozoon spp., and that this endangered felid is likely acting as spillover host rather than a true reservoir of E. bieneusi. Additional studies should be conducted to assess the impact of this parasite in the health status of the endangered Iberian lynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ávalos
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Gómez
- Department of Animal Health, Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), UIC Zoonoses and Emerging Diseases (ENZOEM), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University Hospital Reina Sofía, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER Infectious Diseases, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Matas-Méndez
- Faculty of Veterinary, Alfonso X El Sabio University (UAX), Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabrina Castro-Scholten
- Department of Animal Health, Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), UIC Zoonoses and Emerging Diseases (ENZOEM), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Débora Jiménez-Martín
- Department of Animal Health, Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), UIC Zoonoses and Emerging Diseases (ENZOEM), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pamela C Köster
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Women for Africa Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Santín
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Begoña Bailo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Department of Animal Health, Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), UIC Zoonoses and Emerging Diseases (ENZOEM), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER Infectious Diseases, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David González-Barrio
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Mateo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Department of Animal Health, Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), UIC Zoonoses and Emerging Diseases (ENZOEM), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER Infectious Diseases, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Dashti
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Nájera
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER Infectious Diseases, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Anthony MG, Hoddinott G, Van Niekerk M, Dewandel I, McKenzie C, Bekker C, Rabie H, Redfern A, van der Zalm MM. The socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on families affected by childhood respiratory illnesses in Cape Town, South Africa. PLOS Glob Public Health 2024; 4:e0003020. [PMID: 38547177 PMCID: PMC10977803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted families globally, directly and indirectly. Children presenting with respiratory illnesses are affected by emerging health systems and socioeconomic changes in the COVID-19 era. We explored the socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on families with a respiratory illness diagnosed in their child in Cape Town, South Africa. This study was nested in a prospective observational cohort of children presenting with respiratory symptoms presumptive of COVID-19. We conducted 21 semi-structured interviews to explore the socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families with a child affected by respiratory illnesses. We used case descriptive analysis and thematically organised common and divergent experiences. We found that socioeconomic challenges in low-income communities were exacerbated: 1) loss of pre-COVID sources of income (loss of income, employment and working hours), 2) shrinking employment opportunities due to business closures and strict preventative measures, 3) family network dependence to cope with financial pressures, 4) impact on education, implicating additional pressures due to lack of resources for adequate home schooling and 5) caregivers' mental health and wellbeing being impacted, causing stress and anxiety due to loss of income. This study shows that the COVID-19 lockdown impacted the socioeconomic aspects of families caring for a child with a respiratory illness. Care became more complicated and adversely impacted the family's emotional well-being and health-seeking behaviour. These impacts should be more carefully considered in order to strengthen health services and global health messaging in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaile G. Anthony
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graeme Hoddinott
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret Van Niekerk
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Isabelle Dewandel
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carla McKenzie
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carien Bekker
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helena Rabie
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew Redfern
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marieke M. van der Zalm
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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