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Ahmed M, Farris E, Swanson RV, Das S, Yang Y, Martin T, Khader SA. Saponin TQL1055 adjuvant-containing vaccine confers protection upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2302070. [PMID: 38190806 PMCID: PMC10793695 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2302070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), affects the lungs of infected individuals (pulmonary TB) but can also affect other sites (extrapulmonary TB). The only licensed vaccine Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) protects infants and young children but exhibits variable efficacy in protecting against adult pulmonary TB. Poor compliance and prolonged treatment regimens associated with the use of chemotherapy has contributed to the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb. Thus, there is an urgent need for the design of more effective vaccines against TB. The development of safe and novel adjuvants for human use is critical. In this study, we demonstrate that saponin-based TQL1055 adjuvant when formulated with a TLR4 agonist (PHAD) and Mtb specific immunodominant antigens (ESAT-6 and Ag85B) and delivered intramuscularly in mice, the SA-TB vaccine induced potent lung immune responses. Additionally, the SA-TB vaccine conferred significant protection against Mtb infection, comparable with levels induced by BCG. These findings support the development of a SA-TB vaccine comprising TQL1055, as a novel, safe and effective TB vaccine for potential use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric Farris
- Adjuvance Technologies Inc, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Rosemary V. Swanson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shibali Das
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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2
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Mane V, Mehta R, Alvarez N, Sharma V, Park S, Fox A, DeCarlo C, Yang X, Perlin DS, Powell RLR. In vivo antiviral efficacy of LCTG-002, a pooled, purified human milk secretory IgA product, against SARS-CoV-2 in a murine model of COVID-19. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2303226. [PMID: 38251677 PMCID: PMC10807469 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2303226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody (Ab) in human mucosae, with secretory form (sIgA) being dominant and uniquely stable. sIgA is challenging to produce recombinantly but is naturally found in human milk, which could be considered a global resource for this biologic, justifying its development as a mucosal therapeutic. Presently, SARS-CoV-2 was utilized as a model mucosal pathogen, and methods were developed to efficiently extract human milk sIgA from donors who were naïve to SARS-CoV-2 or had recovered from infection that elicited high-titer anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike sIgA in their milk (pooled to make LCTG-002). Mass spectrometry determined that proteins with a relative abundance of 1% or greater were all associated with sIgA. Western blot demonstrated that all batches consisted predominantly of sIgA. Compared to control IgA, LCTG-002 demonstrated significantly higher Spike binding (mean endpoint of 0.87 versus 5.87). LCTG-002 was capable of blocking the Spike receptor-binding domain - angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction with significantly greater potency compared to control (mean LCTG-002 IC50 154ug/mL versus 50% inhibition not achieved for control), and exhibited significant neutralization activity against Spike-pseudotyped virus infection (mean LCTG-002 IC50 49.8ug/mL versus 114.5ug/mL for control). LCTG-002 was tested for its capacity to reduce viral lung burden in K18+hACE2 transgenic mice inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. LCTG-002 significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 titers compared to control when administered at 0.25 mg/day or 1 mg/day, with a maximum TCID50 reduction of 4.9 logs. This innovative study demonstrates that LCTG-002 is highly pure and efficacious in vivo, supporting further development of milk-derived, polyclonal sIgA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Mane
- Lactiga US, Inc. 675 US-1, North Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rikin Mehta
- Lactiga US, Inc. 675 US-1, North Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nadine Alvarez
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Vijeta Sharma
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Steven Park
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Alisa Fox
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire DeCarlo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Rebecca L. R. Powell
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Escalera A, Laporte M, Turner S, Karakus U, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, van de Guchte A, Farrugia K, Khalil Z, van Bakel H, Smith D, García-Sastre A, Aydillo T. The impact of S2 mutations on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 cell surface expression and fusogenicity. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2297553. [PMID: 38112266 PMCID: PMC10866063 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2297553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants are still emerging and spreading worldwide. These variants contain a high number of polymorphisms in the spike (S) glycoprotein that could potentially impact their pathogenicity and transmission. We have previously shown that the S:655Y and P681H mutations enhance S protein cleavage and syncytia formation. Interestingly, these polymorphisms are present in Omicron S protein. Here, we characterized the cleavage efficiency and fusogenicity of the S protein of different Omicron sublineages. Our results showed that Omicron BA.1 subvariant is efficiently cleaved but it is poorly fusogenic compared to previous SARS-CoV-2 strains. To understand the basis of this phenotype, we generated chimeric S protein using combinations of the S1 and S2 domains from WA1, Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants. We found that the S2 domain of Omicron BA.1 hindered efficient cell-cell fusion. Interestingly, this domain only contains six unique polymorphisms never detected before in ancestral SARS-CoV-2 variants. WA1614G S proteins containing the six individuals S2 Omicron mutations were assessed for their fusogenicity and S surface expression after transfection in cells. Results showed that the S:N856K and N969K substitutions decreased syncytia formation and impacted S protein cell surface levels. However, we observed that "first-generation" Omicron sublineages that emerged subsequently, had convergently evolved to an enhanced fusogenic activity and S expression on the surface of infected cells while "second-generation" Omicron variants have highly diverged and showed lineage-specific fusogenic properties. Importantly, our findings could have potential implications in the improvement and redesign of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Escalera
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manon Laporte
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sam Turner
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Umut Karakus
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana S. Gonzalez-Reiche
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana van de Guchte
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith Farrugia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zain Khalil
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Derek Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa Aydillo
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Kirk NM, Liang Y, Ly H. Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19. Virulence 2024; 15:2316438. [PMID: 38362881 PMCID: PMC10878030 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2316438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models that can replicate clinical and pathologic features of severe human coronavirus infections have been instrumental in the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics. The goal of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the pathologic features that can be observed in several currently available animal models. Knowledge gained from studying these animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection can help inform appropriate model selection for disease modelling as well as for vaccine and therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Kirk
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
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5
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Jaeger M, Dietschmann A, Austermeier S, Dinçer S, Porschitz P, Vornholz L, Maas RJ, Sprenkeler EG, Ruland J, Wirtz S, Azam T, Joosten LA, Hube B, Netea MG, Dinarello CA, Gresnigt MS. Alpha1-antitrypsin impacts innate host-pathogen interactions with Candida albicans by stimulating fungal filamentation. Virulence 2024; 15:2333367. [PMID: 38515333 PMCID: PMC11008552 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2333367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Our immune system possesses sophisticated mechanisms to cope with invading microorganisms, while pathogens evolve strategies to deal with threats imposed by host immunity. Human plasma protein α1-antitrypsin (AAT) exhibits pleiotropic immune-modulating properties by both preventing immunopathology and improving antimicrobial host defence. Genetic associations suggested a role for AAT in candidemia, the most frequent fungal blood stream infection in intensive care units, yet little is known about how AAT influences interactions between Candida albicans and the immune system. Here, we show that AAT differentially impacts fungal killing by innate phagocytes. We observed that AAT induces fungal transcriptional reprogramming, associated with cell wall remodelling and downregulation of filamentation repressors. At low concentrations, the cell-wall remodelling induced by AAT increased immunogenic β-glucan exposure and consequently improved fungal clearance by monocytes. Contrastingly, higher AAT concentrations led to excessive C. albicans filamentation and thus promoted fungal immune escape from monocytes and macrophages. This underscores that fungal adaptations to the host protein AAT can differentially define the outcome of encounters with innate immune cells, either contributing to improved immune recognition or fungal immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jaeger
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Axel Dietschmann
- Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Austermeier
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Sude Dinçer
- Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Pauline Porschitz
- Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Larsen Vornholz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine and Health, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ralph J.A. Maas
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien G.G. Sprenkeler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine and Health, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tania Azam
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, USA
| | - Leo A.B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark S. Gresnigt
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, USA
- Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
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6
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Onoja BA, Oguzie JU, George UE, Asoh KE, Ajayi P, Omofaye TF, Igeleke IO, Eromon P, Harouna S, Parker E, Adeniji AJ, Happi CT. Whole genome sequencing unravels cryptic circulation of divergent dengue virus lineages in the rainforest region of Nigeria. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2307511. [PMID: 38240324 PMCID: PMC10829817 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2307511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Dengue is often misclassified and underreported in Africa due to inaccurate differential diagnoses of nonspecific febrile illnesses such as malaria, sparsity of diagnostic testing and poor clinical and genomic surveillance. There are limited reports on the seroprevalence and genetic diversity of dengue virus (DENV) in humans and vectors in Nigeria. In this study, we investigated the epidemiology and genetic diversity of dengue in the rainforest region of Nigeria. We screened 515 febrile patients who tested negative for malaria and typhoid fever in three hospitals in Oyo and Ekiti States in southern Nigeria with a combination of anti-dengue IgG/IgM/NS1 rapid test kits and metagenomic sequencing. We found that approximately 28% of screened patients had previous DENV exposure, with the highest prevalence in persons over sixty. Approximately 8% of the patients showed evidence of recent or current infection, and 2.7% had acute infection. Following sequencing of sixty samples, we assembled twenty DENV-1 genomes (3 complete and 17 partial). We found that all assembled genomes belonged to DENV-1 genotype III. Our phylogenetic analyses showed evidence of prolonged cryptic circulation of divergent DENV lineages in Oyo state. We were unable to resolve the source of DENV in Nigeria owing to limited sequencing data from the region. However, our sequences clustered closely with sequences in Tanzania and sequences reported in Chinese with travel history to Tanzania in 2019. This may reflect the wider unsampled bidirectional transmission of DENV-1 in Africa, which strongly emphasizes the importance of genomic surveillance in monitoring ongoing DENV transmission in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Anyebe Onoja
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Judith Uche Oguzie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Uwem Etop George
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Kaego Emmanuel Asoh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, State Nigeria
| | - Philip Ajayi
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Philomena Eromon
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Soumare Harouna
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Edyth Parker
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Christian T. Happi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Burgueño A, Giovanetti M, Fonseca V, Morel N, Lima M, Castro E, Guimarães NR, Iani FCM, Bormida V, Cortinas MN, Ramas V, Coppola L, Bento AI, Franco L, Rico JM, Lourenço J, Junior Alcantara LC, Chiparelli H. Genomic and eco-epidemiological investigations in Uruguay reveal local Chikungunya virus transmission dynamics during its expansion across the Americas in 2023. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2332672. [PMID: 38517841 PMCID: PMC11020592 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2332672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Uruguay experienced its first Chikungunya virus outbreak in 2023, resulting in a significant burden to its healthcare system. We conducted analysis based on real-time genomic surveillance (30 novel whole genomes) to offer timely insights into recent local transmission dynamics and eco-epidemiological factors behind its emergence and spread in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía Burgueño
- Laboratorio de Virus Emergentes/reemergentes. Unidad de Virología, Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Climate Amplified Diseases And Epidemics (CLIMADE), Brazil
| | - Vagner Fonseca
- Department of Exact and Earth Sciences, University of the State of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Coordenação de Vigilância, Preparação e Resposta à Emergências e Desastres (PHE), Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde / Organização Mundial da Saúde (OPAS/OMS), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Noelia Morel
- Laboratorio de Virus Emergentes/reemergentes. Unidad de Virología, Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Lima
- Laboratorio Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emerson Castro
- Laboratorio Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália R. Guimarães
- Laboratorio Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe C. M. Iani
- Laboratorio Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victoria Bormida
- Laboratorio de Genómica Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Maria Noel Cortinas
- Laboratorio de Genómica Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Viviana Ramas
- Laboratorio de Virus Respiratorios, Unidad de Virología. Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Coppola
- Laboratorio de Virus Respiratorios, Unidad de Virología. Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana I. Bento
- Pandemic Prevention Initiative, The Rockefeller Foundation, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Leticia Franco
- Infectious Hazards Management, Health Emergencies Department (PHE), Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), WashingtonDC, USA
| | - Jairo Mendez Rico
- Infectious Hazards Management, Health Emergencies Department (PHE), Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), WashingtonDC, USA
| | - José Lourenço
- Faculty of Medicine, Católica Biomedical Research Center, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Climate Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE), Portugal
| | - Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Climate Amplified Diseases And Epidemics (CLIMADE), Brazil
| | - Hector Chiparelli
- Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Unidad de Virología, Montevideo, Uruguay
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8
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Cool K, Gaudreault NN, Trujillo JD, Morozov I, McDowell CD, Bold D, Kwon T, Balaraman V, Assato P, Madden DW, Mantlo E, Souza-Neto J, Matias-Ferreyra F, Retallick J, Singh G, Schotsaert M, Carossino M, Balasuriya UBR, Wilson WC, Pogranichniy RM, García-Sastre A, Richt JA. Experimental co-infection of calves with SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants of concern. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2281356. [PMID: 37938158 PMCID: PMC10763854 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2281356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Since emerging in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has repeatedly crossed the species barrier with natural infections reported in various domestic and wild animal species. The emergence and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has expanded the range of susceptible host species. Previous experimental infection studies in cattle using Wuhan-like SARS-CoV-2 isolates suggested that cattle were not likely amplifying hosts for SARS-CoV-2. However, SARS-CoV-2 sero- and RNA-positive cattle have since been identified in Europe, India, and Africa. Here, we investigated the susceptibility and transmission of the Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in cattle. Eight Holstein calves were co-infected orally and intranasally with a mixed inoculum of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs Delta and Omicron BA.2. Twenty-four hours post-challenge, two sentinel calves were introduced to evaluate virus transmission. The co-infection resulted in a high proportion of calves shedding SARS-CoV-2 RNA at 1- and 2-days post-challenge (DPC). Extensive tissue distribution of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was observed at 3 and 7 DPC and infectious virus was recovered from two calves at 3 DPC. Next-generation sequencing revealed that only the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was detected in clinical samples and tissues. Similar to previous experimental infection studies in cattle, we observed only limited seroconversion and no clear evidence of transmission to sentinel calves. Together, our findings suggest that cattle are more permissive to infection with SARS-CoV-2 Delta than Omicron BA.2 and Wuhan-like isolates but, in the absence of horizontal transmission, are not likely to be reservoir hosts for currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konner Cool
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Natasha N. Gaudreault
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jessie D. Trujillo
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Igor Morozov
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Chester D. McDowell
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dashzeveg Bold
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Taeyong Kwon
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Velmurugan Balaraman
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Patricia Assato
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Daniel W. Madden
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Emily Mantlo
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jayme Souza-Neto
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Franco Matias-Ferreyra
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jaime Retallick
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - William C. Wilson
- Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Roman M. Pogranichniy
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juergen A. Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Huang C, Yu L, Xu Y, Huang J, Qin Y, Guo X, Zeng Y, Qin Y, Ouyang K, Wei Z, Huang W, García-Sastre A, Chen Y. Long-term co-circulation of multiple influenza A viruses in pigs, Guangxi, China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2337673. [PMID: 38572517 PMCID: PMC11005871 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2337673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a persistent potential threat to human health because of the spillover from avian and swine infections. Extensive surveillance was performed in 12 cities of Guangxi, China, during 2018 and 2023. A total of 2540 samples (including 2353 nasal swabs and 187 lung tissues) were collected from 18 pig farms with outbreaks of respiratory disease. From these, 192 IAV-positive samples and 19 genomic sequences were obtained. We found that the H1 and H3 swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) of multiple lineages and genotypes have continued to co-circulate during that time in this region. Genomic analysis revealed the Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swIAVs (G4) still remained predominant in pig populations. Strikingly, the novel multiple H3N2 genotypes were found to have been generated through the repeated introduction of the early H3N2 North American triple reassortant viruses (TR H3N2 lineage) that emerged in USA and Canada in 1998 and 2005, respectively. Notably, when the matrix gene segment derived from the H9N2 avian influenza virus was introduced into endemic swIAVs, this produced a novel quadruple reassortant H1N2 swIAV that could pose a potential risk for zoonotic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongqiang Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangzheng Yu
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiamo Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibin Qin
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Nongken Yongxin Animal Husbandry Group Co. Ltd., Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfang Zeng
- Nanning Zhufulai Animal Health Management Co. Ltd., Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Qin
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Woolsey C, Cross RW, Prasad AN, Agans KN, Borisevich V, Deer DJ, Dobias NS, Fears AC, Harrison MB, Heinrich ML, Fenton KA, Garry RF, Branco LM, Geisbert TW. Monoclonal antibody therapy demonstrates increased virulence of a lineage VII strain of Lassa virus in nonhuman primates. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2301061. [PMID: 38164768 PMCID: PMC10810630 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2301061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is a World Health Organization (WHO) priority pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality. Recently, we showed that a combination of three broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies known as Arevirumab-3 (8.9F, 12.1F, 37.2D) based on the lineage IV Josiah strain protected 100% of cynomolgus macaques against heterologous challenge with lineage II and III strains of LASV when therapy was initiated beginning at day 8 after challenge. LASV strains from Benin and Togo represent a new lineage VII that are more genetically diverse from lineage IV than strains from lineages II and III. Here, we tested the ability of Arevirumab-3 to protect macaques against a LASV lineage VII Togo isolate when treatment was administered beginning 8 days after exposure. Unexpectedly, only 40% of treated animals survived challenge. In a subsequent study we showed that Arevirumab-3 protected 100% of macaques from lethal challenge when treatment was initiated 7 days after LASV Togo exposure. Based on our transcriptomics data, successful Arevirumab-3 treatment correlated with diminished neutrophil signatures and the predicted development of T cell responses. As the in vitro antiviral activity of Arevirumab-3 against LASV Togo was equivalent to lineage II and III strains, the reduced protection in macaques against Togo likely reflects the faster disease course of LASV Togo in macaques than other strains. This data causes concern regarding the ability of heterologous vaccines and treatments to provide cross protection against lineage VII LASV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Woolsey
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Robert W. Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Abhishek N. Prasad
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Krystle N. Agans
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J. Deer
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Natalie S. Dobias
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa C. Fears
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mack B. Harrison
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Karla A. Fenton
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Robert F. Garry
- Zalgen Labs, LLC, Frederick, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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11
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Aydillo T, Balsera-Manzanero M, Rojo-Fernandez A, Escalera A, Salamanca-Rivera C, Pachón J, Del Mar Muñoz-García M, Sánchez-Cordero MJ, Sánchez-Céspedes J, García-Sastre A, Cordero E. Concomitant administration of seasonal influenza and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2292068. [PMID: 38054302 PMCID: PMC10798284 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2292068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical guidelines support the concomitant administration of seasonal influenza vaccines and COVID-19 mRNA boosters vaccine. Whether dual vaccination may impact vaccine immunogenicity due to an interference between influenza or SARS-CoV-2 antigens is unknown. We aimed to understand the impact of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines administered concomitantly on the immune response to influenza vaccines. For this, 128 volunteers were vaccinated during the 22-23 influenza season. Three groups of vaccination were assembled: FLU vaccine only (46, 35%) versus volunteers that received the mRNA bivalent COVID-19 vaccines concomitantly to seasonal influenza vaccines, FluCOVID vaccine in the same arm (42, 33%) or different arm (40, 31%), respectively. Sera and whole blood were obtained the day of vaccination, +7, and +28 days after for antibody and T cells response quantification. As expected, side effects were increased in individuals who received the FluCOVID vaccine as compared to FLU vaccine only based on the known reactogenicity of mRNA vaccines. In general, antibody levels were high at 4 weeks post-vaccination and differences were found only for the H3N2 virus when administered in different arms compared to the other groups at day 28 post-vaccination. Additionally, our data showed that subjects that received the FluCOVID vaccine in different arm tended to have better antibody induction than those receiving FLU vaccines for H3N2 virus in the absence of pre-existing immunity. Furthermore, no notable differences in the influenza-specific cellular immune response were found for any of the vaccination groups. Our data supports the concomitant administration of seasonal influenza and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Aydillo
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, New York, USA
| | - Maria Balsera-Manzanero
- Viral Diseases and Infections in Immunodeficiencies Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Amaya Rojo-Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, New York, USA
| | - Alba Escalera
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Celia Salamanca-Rivera
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Viral Diseases and Infections in Immunodeficiencies Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Sánchez-Céspedes
- Viral Diseases and Infections in Immunodeficiencies Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, USA
| | - Elisa Cordero
- Viral Diseases and Infections in Immunodeficiencies Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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12
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Johnson SD, Pilli N, Yu J, Knight LA, Kane MA, Byrareddy SN. Dual role for microbial short-chain fatty acids in modifying SIV disease trajectory following anti-α4β7 antibody administration. Ann Med 2024; 56:2315224. [PMID: 38353210 PMCID: PMC10868432 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2315224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) infection is associated with significant gut damage, similar to that observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This pathology includes loss of epithelial integrity, microbial translocation, dysbiosis, and resultant chronic immune activation. Additionally, the levels of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) are dramatically attenuated. Data on the therapeutic use of anti-α4β7 antibodies has shown promise in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Recent evidence has suggested that the microbiome and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites it generates may be critical for anti-α4β7 efficacy and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine whether the microbiome contributes to gut homeostasis after anti-α4β7 antibody administered to SIV-infected rhesus macaques, faecal SCFA concentrations were determined, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed, plasma viral loads were determined, plasma retinoids were measured longitudinally, and gut retinoid synthesis/response gene expression was quantified. RESULTS Our results suggest that anti-α4β7 antibody facilitates the return of retinoid metabolism to baseline levels after SIV infection. Furthermore, faecal SCFAs were shown to be associated with retinoid synthesis gene expression and rebound viral loads after therapy interruption. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate the therapeutic advantages of anti-α4β7 antibody administration during HIV/SIV infection and that the efficacy of anti-α4β7 antibody may depend on microbiome composition and SCFA generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nageswara Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of MD School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of MD School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lindsey A. Knight
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of MD School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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13
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Seabaugh JA, Anderson DM. Pathogenicity and virulence of Yersinia. Virulence 2024; 15:2316439. [PMID: 38389313 PMCID: PMC10896167 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2316439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Yersinia includes human, animal, insect, and plant pathogens as well as many symbionts and harmless bacteria. Within this genus are Yersinia enterocolitica and the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex, with four human pathogenic species that are highly related at the genomic level including the causative agent of plague, Yersinia pestis. Extensive laboratory, field work, and clinical research have been conducted to understand the underlying pathogenesis and zoonotic transmission of these pathogens. There are presently more than 500 whole genome sequences from which an evolutionary footprint can be developed that details shared and unique virulence properties. Whereas the virulence of Y. pestis now seems in apparent homoeostasis within its flea transmission cycle, substantial evolutionary changes that affect transmission and disease severity continue to ndergo apparent selective pressure within the other Yersiniae that cause intestinal diseases. In this review, we will summarize the present understanding of the virulence and pathogenesis of Yersinia, highlighting shared mechanisms of virulence and the differences that determine the infection niche and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarett A. Seabaugh
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Deborah M. Anderson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
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14
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Agüero B, Berrios F, Pardo-Roa C, Ariyama N, Bennett B, Medina RA, Neira V. First detection of Omicron variant BA.4.1 lineage in dogs, Chile. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-10. [PMID: 38174799 PMCID: PMC10769545 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2298089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2's rapid global spread caused the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic in March 2020. Alongside humans, domestic dogs and cats are also susceptible to infection. However, limited reports on pet infections in Chile prompted a comprehensive study to address this knowledge gap. Between March 2021 and March 2023, the study assessed 65 pets (26 dogs and 39 cats) from 33 COVID-19+ households alongside 700 nasal swabs from animals in households with unknown COVID-19 status. Using RT-PCR, nasal, fecal, and environmental samples were analyzed for the virus. In COVID-19+ households, 6.06% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, belonging to 3 dogs, indicating human-to-pet transmission. Pets from households with unknown COVID-19 status tested negative for the virus. We obtained 2 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from animals, that belonged to Omicron BA.4.1 variant, marking the first report of pets infected with this lineage globally. Phylogenetic analysis showed these sequences clustered with human sequences collected in Chile during the same period when the BA.4.1 variant was prevalent in the country. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Chilean pets was relatively low, likely due to the country's high human vaccination rate. Our study highlights the importance of upholding and strengthening human vaccination strategies to mitigate the risk of interspecies transmission. It underscores the critical role of the One Health approach in addressing emerging zoonotic diseases, calling for further research on infection dynamics and risk factors for a comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Agüero
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F. Berrios
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C. Pardo-Roa
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - N. Ariyama
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - B. Bennett
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - RA. Medina
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - V. Neira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Daneshnia F, Floyd DJ, Ryan AP, Ghahfarokhy PM, Ebadati A, Jusuf S, Munoz J, Jeffries NE, Elizabeth Yvanovich E, Apostolopoulou A, Perry AM, Lass-Flörl C, Birinci A, Hilmioğlu-Polat S, Ilkit M, Butler G, Nobile CJ, Arastehfar A, Mansour MK. Evaluation of outbreak persistence caused by multidrug-resistant and echinocandin-resistant Candida parapsilosis using multidimensional experimental and epidemiological approaches. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2322655. [PMID: 38380673 PMCID: PMC10916928 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2322655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is known to cause severe and persistent outbreaks in clinical settings. Patients infected with multidrug-resistant C. parapsilosis (MDR Cp) isolates were identified in a large Turkish hospital from 2017-2020. We subsequently identified three additional patients infected with MDR Cp isolates in 2022 from the same hospital and two echinocandin-resistant (ECR) isolates from a single patient in another hospital. The increasing number of MDR and ECR isolates contradicts the general principle that the severe fitness cost associated with these phenotypes could prevent their dominance in clinical settings. Here, we employed a multidimensional approach to systematically assess the fitness costs of MDR and ECR C. parapsilosis isolates. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a novel MDR genotype infecting two patients in 2022. Despite severe in vitro defects, the levels and tolerances of the biofilms of our ECR and MDR isolates were generally comparable to those of susceptible wild-type isolates. Surprisingly, the MDR and ECR isolates showed major alterations in their cell wall components, and some of the MDR isolates consistently displayed increased tolerance to the fungicidal activities of primary human neutrophils and were more immunoevasive during exposure to primary human macrophages. Our systemic infection mouse model showed that MDR and ECR C. parapsilosis isolates had comparable fungal burden in most organs relative to susceptible isolates. Overall, we observed a notable increase in the genotypic diversity and frequency of MDR isolates and identified MDR and ECR isolates potentially capable of causing persistent outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Daneshnia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J. Floyd
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam P. Ryan
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pegah Mosharaf Ghahfarokhy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California – Merced, Merced, CA, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California – Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Arefeh Ebadati
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California – Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Jusuf
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julieta Munoz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California – Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Apostolopoulou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Austin M. Perry
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California – Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Medical University Innsbruck, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Asuman Birinci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | | | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Geraldine Butler
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clarissa J. Nobile
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California – Merced, Merced, CA, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California – Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Amir Arastehfar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael K. Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Butterfield ER, Obado SO, Scutts SR, Zhang W, Chait BT, Rout MP, Field MC. A lineage-specific protein network at the trypanosome nuclear envelope. Nucleus 2024; 15:2310452. [PMID: 38605598 PMCID: PMC11018031 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2310452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) separates translation and transcription and is the location of multiple functions, including chromatin organization and nucleocytoplasmic transport. The molecular basis for many of these functions have diverged between eukaryotic lineages. Trypanosoma brucei, a member of the early branching eukaryotic lineage Discoba, highlights many of these, including a distinct lamina and kinetochore composition. Here, we describe a cohort of proteins interacting with both the lamina and NPC, which we term lamina-associated proteins (LAPs). LAPs represent a diverse group of proteins, including two candidate NPC-anchoring pore membrane proteins (POMs) with architecture conserved with S. cerevisiae and H. sapiens, and additional peripheral components of the NPC. While many of the LAPs are Kinetoplastid specific, we also identified broadly conserved proteins, indicating an amalgam of divergence and conservation within the trypanosome NE proteome, highlighting the diversity of nuclear biology across the eukaryotes, increasing our understanding of eukaryotic and NPC evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samson O. Obado
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon R. Scutts
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian T. Chait
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael P. Rout
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark C. Field
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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17
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Sann S, Kleinewietfeld M, Cantaert T. Balancing functions of regulatory T cells in mosquito-borne viral infections. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2304061. [PMID: 38192073 PMCID: PMC10812859 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2304061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viral infections are on the rise worldwide and can lead to severe symptoms such as haemorrhage, encephalitis, arthritis or microcephaly. A protective immune response following mosquito-borne viral infections requires the generation of a controlled and balanced immune response leading to viral clearance without immunopathology. Here, regulatory T cells play a central role in restoring immune homeostasis. In current review, we aim to provide an overview and summary of the phenotypes of FOXP3+ Tregs in various mosquito-borne arboviral disease, their association with disease severity and their functional characteristics. Furthermore, we discuss the role of cytokines and Tregs in the immunopathogenesis of mosquito-borne infections. Lastly, we discuss possible novel lines of research which could provide additional insight into the role of Tregs in mosquito-borne viral infections in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches or vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotheary Sann
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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18
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Landers VD, Thomas M, Isom CM, Karki D, Sokoloski KJ. Capsid protein mediated evasion of IRAK1-dependent signalling is essential to Sindbis virus neuroinvasion and virulence in mice. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2300452. [PMID: 38164715 PMCID: PMC10773654 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2300452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACTAlphaviruses are arthropod-borne, single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses that are recognized as rapidly emerging pathogens. Despite being exquisitely sensitive to the effects of the innate immune response alphaviruses can readily replicate, disseminate, and induce pathogenesis in immunologically competent hosts. Nonetheless, how alphaviruses evade the induction of an innate immune response prior to viral gene expression, or in non-permissive infections, is unknown. Previously we reported the identification of a novel host/pathogen interaction between the viral Capsid (CP) protein and the host IRAK1 protein. The CP/IRAK1 interaction was determined to negatively impact IRAK1-dependent PAMP detection in vitro, however, the precise importance of the CP/IRAK1 interaction to alphaviral infection remained unknown. Here we detail the identification of the CP/IRAK1 interaction determinants of the Sindbis virus (SINV) CP protein and examine the importance of the interaction to alphaviral infection and pathogenesis in vivo using an interaction deficient mutant of the model neurotropic strain of SINV. Importantly, these interaction determinants are highly conserved across multiple Old-World alphaviruses, including Ross River virus (RRV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Semliki Forest virus (SFV). In the absence of a functional CP/IRAK1 interaction, SINV replication is significantly restricted and fails to disseminate from the primary site of inoculation due to the induction of a robust type-I Interferon response. Altogether these data indicate that the evasion of IRAK1-dependent signalling is critical to overcoming the host innate immune response and the in vivo data presented here demonstrate the importance of the CP/IRAK1 interaction to neurovirulence and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Douglas Landers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Milton Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cierra M. Isom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Deepa Karki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kevin J. Sokoloski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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19
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Salama EA, Elgammal Y, Wijeratne A, Lanman NA, Utturkar SM, Farhangian A, Li J, Meunier B, Hazbun TR, Seleem MN. Lansoprazole interferes with fungal respiration and acts synergistically with amphotericin B against multidrug-resistant Candida auris. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2322649. [PMID: 38431850 PMCID: PMC10911247 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2322649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Candida auris has emerged as a problematic fungal pathogen associated with high morbidity and mortality. Amphotericin B (AmB) is the most effective antifungal used to treat invasive fungal candidiasis, with resistance rarely observed among clinical isolates. However, C. auris possesses extraordinary resistant profiles against all available antifungal drugs, including AmB. In our pursuit of potential solutions, we screened a panel of 727 FDA-approved drugs. We identified the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole (LNP) as a potent enhancer of AmB's activity against C. auris. LNP also potentiates the antifungal activity of AmB against other medically important species of Candida and Cryptococcus. Our investigations into the mechanism of action unveiled that LNP metabolite(s) interact with a crucial target in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (complex III, known as cytochrome bc1). This interaction increases oxidative stress within fungal cells. Our results demonstrated the critical role of an active respiratory function in the antifungal activity of LNP. Most importantly, LNP restored the efficacy of AmB in an immunocompromised mouse model, resulting in a 1.7-log (∼98%) CFU reduction in the burden of C. auris in the kidneys. Our findings strongly advocate for a comprehensive evaluation of LNP as a cytochrome bc1 inhibitor for combating drug-resistant C. auris infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A. Salama
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Yehia Elgammal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Aruna Wijeratne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nadia A. Lanman
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sagar M. Utturkar
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Atena Farhangian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Brigitte Meunier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tony R. Hazbun
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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20
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Chen GH, Dai YC, Hsieh SC, Tsai JJ, Sy AK, Jiz M, Pedroso C, Brites C, Netto EM, Kanki PJ, Saunders DRD, Vanlandingham DL, Higgs S, Huang YJS, Wang WK. Detection of anti-premembrane antibody as a specific marker of four flavivirus serocomplexes and its application to serosurveillance in endemic regions. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2301666. [PMID: 38163752 PMCID: PMC10810658 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2301666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In the past few decades, several emerging/re-emerging mosquito-borne flaviviruses have resulted in disease outbreaks of public health concern in the tropics and subtropics. Due to cross-reactivities of antibodies recognizing the envelope protein of different flaviviruses, serosurveillance remains a challenge. Previously we reported that anti-premembrane (prM) antibody can discriminate between three flavivirus infections by Western blot analysis. In this study, we aimed to develop a serological assay that can discriminate infection or exposure with flaviviruses from four serocomplexes, including dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), West Nile (WNV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses, and explore its application for serosurveillance in flavivirus-endemic countries. We employed Western blot analysis including antigens of six flaviviruses (DENV1, 2 and 4, WNV, ZIKV and YFV) from four serocomplexes. We tested serum samples from YF-17D vaccinees, and from DENV, ZIKV and WNV panels that had been confirmed by RT-PCR or by neutralization assays. The overall sensitivity/specificity of anti-prM antibodies for DENV, ZIKV, WNV, and YFV infections/exposure were 91.7%/96.4%, 91.7%/99.2%, 88.9%/98.3%, and 91.3%/92.5%, respectively. When testing 48 samples from Brazil, we identified multiple flavivirus infections/exposure including DENV and ZIKV, DENV and YFV, and DENV, ZIKV and YFV. When testing 50 samples from the Philippines, we detected DENV, ZIKV, and DENV and ZIKV infections with a ZIKV seroprevalence rate of 10%, which was consistent with reports of low-level circulation of ZIKV in Asia. Together, these findings suggest that anti-prM antibody is a flavivirus serocomplex-specific marker and can be employed to delineate four flavivirus infections/exposure in regions where multiple flaviviruses co-circulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hua Chen
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yu-Ching Dai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Szu-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jih-Jin Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ava Kristy Sy
- National Reference Laboratory for Dengue and Other Arbovirus, Virology Department, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Mario Jiz
- Immunology Department, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Celia Pedroso
- LAPI-Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infectologia-School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carlos Brites
- LAPI-Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infectologia-School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Martins Netto
- LAPI-Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infectologia-School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Phyllis J. Kanki
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Dana L. Vanlandingham
- Biosecurity Research Institute and Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Stephen Higgs
- Biosecurity Research Institute and Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yan-Jang S. Huang
- Biosecurity Research Institute and Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Wei-Kung Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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21
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Mudhune V, Winskell K, Bednarczyk RA, Ondenge K, Mbeda C, Kerubo E, Ndivo R, Arego J, Morales M, Halliburton B, Sabben G. Sexual behaviour among Kenyan adolescents enrolled in an efficacy trial of a smartphone game to prevent HIV: a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data. SAHARA J 2024; 21:2320188. [PMID: 38388022 PMCID: PMC10885754 DOI: 10.1080/17290376.2024.2320188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sexual behaviour of adolescents is contextual, with various determinants affecting sexual activity and age of sexual debut. Insight into sexual activity among young adolescents has the potential to influence appropriate sexual and reproductive health interventions. For this analysis, adolescents were recruited as part of the Tumaini smartphone game efficacy trial. Data collection included a self-administered behavioural survey and blood test for HIV and HSV-2. Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographics and measures of sexual behaviour and behavioural intent based on gender and sexual experience, with associations assessed using chi-square tests, t-tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests as appropriate. We enrolled 996 adolescents, mean age 14 years and 2.2% HSV-2 positivity. Overall, 15% of the adolescents were sexually experienced, this being associated with lower socio-economic status (p = 0.01), household food insecurity (p = 0.008), a living situation without both parents (p < 0.01), substance use (p = 0.02), no adult conversation about future goals (p = 0.003), conversations about condoms (p = 0.01), with some gender disparity within these factors. Among those sexually experienced, 21.7% reported unwilling sex; 17.5% had engaged in transactional sex; 57.8% had willing first sex, of whom 60.9% reported no condom use. Among those abstaining, female adolescents were less likely to contemplate condom use at first sex (p = 0.006). Our findings determine that young sexually active adolescents are likely engaging in unprotected sex and having unwilling sexual experiences. Socio-economic status, living situation and parental monitoring remain significant factors associated with sexual experience among young adolescents. In this context, early adolescence is an opportunity to provide age- and developmentally appropriate education about safer sex practices.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04437667.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Mudhune
- HIV Research Division, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kate Winskell
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert A. Bednarczyk
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ken Ondenge
- HIV Research Division, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Calvin Mbeda
- HIV Research Division, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Emily Kerubo
- HIV Research Division, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Richard Ndivo
- HIV Research Division, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Judith Arego
- HIV Research Division, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Marissa Morales
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brianna Halliburton
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gaëlle Sabben
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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22
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Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a relatively new technology that has stimulated enormous interest in statistics, data science, and computational biology due to the high dimensionality, complexity, and large scale associated with scRNA-seq data. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) offers a unique approach due to its meta-gene interpretation of resulting low-dimensional components. However, NMF approaches suffer from the lack of multiscale analysis. This work introduces two persistent Laplacian regularized NMF methods, namely, topological NMF (TNMF) and robust topological NMF (rTNMF). By employing a total of 12 datasets, we demonstrate that the proposed TNMF and rTNMF significantly outperform all other NMF-based methods. We have also utilized TNMF and rTNMF for the visualization of popular Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and t -distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t -SNE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hozumi
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Guo-Wei Wei
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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23
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Wu TTH, Travaglini KJ, Rustagi A, Xu D, Zhang Y, Andronov L, Jang S, Gillich A, Dehghannasiri R, Martínez-Colón GJ, Beck A, Liu DD, Wilk AJ, Morri M, Trope WL, Bierman R, Weissman IL, Shrager JB, Quake SR, Kuo CS, Salzman J, Moerner W, Kim PS, Blish CA, Krasnow MA. Interstitial macrophages are a focus of viral takeover and inflammation in COVID-19 initiation in human lung. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232192. [PMID: 38597954 PMCID: PMC11009983 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Early stages of deadly respiratory diseases including COVID-19 are challenging to elucidate in humans. Here, we define cellular tropism and transcriptomic effects of SARS-CoV-2 virus by productively infecting healthy human lung tissue and using scRNA-seq to reconstruct the transcriptional program in "infection pseudotime" for individual lung cell types. SARS-CoV-2 predominantly infected activated interstitial macrophages (IMs), which can accumulate thousands of viral RNA molecules, taking over 60% of the cell transcriptome and forming dense viral RNA bodies while inducing host profibrotic (TGFB1, SPP1) and inflammatory (early interferon response, CCL2/7/8/13, CXCL10, and IL6/10) programs and destroying host cell architecture. Infected alveolar macrophages (AMs) showed none of these extreme responses. Spike-dependent viral entry into AMs used ACE2 and Sialoadhesin/CD169, whereas IM entry used DC-SIGN/CD209. These results identify activated IMs as a prominent site of viral takeover, the focus of inflammation and fibrosis, and suggest targeting CD209 to prevent early pathology in COVID-19 pneumonia. This approach can be generalized to any human lung infection and to evaluate therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Ting-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyle J. Travaglini
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Rustagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leonid Andronov
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - SoRi Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Astrid Gillich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roozbeh Dehghannasiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Giovanny J. Martínez-Colón
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aimee Beck
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Dan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aaron J. Wilk
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Winston L. Trope
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rob Bierman
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Irving L. Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph B. Shrager
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stephen R. Quake
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christin S. Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julia Salzman
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - W.E. Moerner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter S. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Catherine A. Blish
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark A. Krasnow
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
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24
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Horesh ME, Martin-Fernandez M, Gruber C, Buta S, Le Voyer T, Puzenat E, Lesmana H, Wu Y, Richardson A, Stein D, Hodeib S, Youssef M, Kurowski JA, Feuille E, Pedroza LA, Fuleihan RL, Haseley A, Hovnanian A, Quartier P, Rosain J, Davis G, Mullan D, Stewart O, Patel R, Lee AE, Rubinstein R, Ewald L, Maheshwari N, Rahming V, Chinn IK, Lupski JR, Orange JS, Sancho-Shimizu V, Casanova JL, Abul-Husn NS, Itan Y, Milner JD, Bustamante J, Bogunovic D. Individuals with JAK1 variants are affected by syndromic features encompassing autoimmunity, atopy, colitis, and dermatitis. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232387. [PMID: 38563820 PMCID: PMC10986756 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity lead to autoimmunity, inflammation, allergy, infection, and/or malignancy. Disease-causing JAK1 gain-of-function (GoF) mutations are considered exceedingly rare and have been identified in only four families. Here, we use forward and reverse genetics to identify 59 individuals harboring one of four heterozygous JAK1 variants. In vitro and ex vivo analysis of these variants revealed hyperactive baseline and cytokine-induced STAT phosphorylation and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) levels compared with wild-type JAK1. A systematic review of electronic health records from the BioME Biobank revealed increased likelihood of clinical presentation with autoimmunity, atopy, colitis, and/or dermatitis in JAK1 variant-positive individuals. Finally, treatment of one affected patient with severe atopic dermatitis using the JAK1/JAK2-selective inhibitor, baricitinib, resulted in clinically significant improvement. These findings suggest that individually rare JAK1 GoF variants may underlie an emerging syndrome with more common presentations of autoimmune and inflammatory disease (JAACD syndrome). More broadly, individuals who present with such conditions may benefit from genetic testing for the presence of JAK1 GoF variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Horesh
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta Martin-Fernandez
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Conor Gruber
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sofija Buta
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tom Le Voyer
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Clinical Immunology Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eve Puzenat
- Department of Dermatology and INSERM 1098, University of Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Harry Lesmana
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yiming Wu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Richardson
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Stein
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Hodeib
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Virology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College London, Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, London, UK
| | - Mariam Youssef
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacob A. Kurowski
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Luis A. Pedroza
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramsay L. Fuleihan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandria Haseley
- Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Quartier
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Paediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, Fance
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Georgina Davis
- Department of Immunology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - Daniel Mullan
- Department of Immunology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - O’Jay Stewart
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roosheel Patel
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angelica E. Lee
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Rubinstein
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leyla Ewald
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikhil Maheshwari
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ivan K. Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Virology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College London, Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Yor, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Noura S. Abul-Husn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Institute for Genomic Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuval Itan
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua D. Milner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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25
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Gorsline CA, Lotspeich SC, Belaunzarán-Zamudio PF, Mejia F, Cortes CP, Crabtree-Ramírez B, Severe DP, Rouzier V, McGowan CC, Rebeiro PF. The impact of earthquakes in Latin America on the continuity of HIV care: A retrospective observational cohort study. Public Health Pract (Oxf) 2024; 7:100479. [PMID: 38405231 PMCID: PMC10883833 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives As earthquakes occur frequently in Latin America and can cause significant disruptions in HIV care, we sought to analyze patterns of HIV care for adults at Latin American clinical sites experiencing a significant earthquake within the past two decades. Study design Retrospective clinical cohort study. Methods Adults receiving HIV care at sites experiencing at least a "moderate intensity" (Modified Mercalli scale) earthquake in the Caribbean, Central and South America network for HIV epidemiology (CCASAnet) contributed data from 2003 to 2017. Interrupted Time Series models were fit with discontinuities at site-specific earthquake dates (Sept. 16, 2015 in Chile; Apr. 18, 2014 and Sept. 19, 2017 in Mexico; and Aug. 15, 2007 in Peru) to assess clinical visit, CD4 measure, viral load lab, and ART initiation rates 3- and 6-months after versus before earthquakes. Results Comparing post-to pre-earthquake periods, there was a sharp drop in median visit (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68-0.91) and viral load lab (IRR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62-0.99) rates per week, using a 3-month window. CD4 measurement rates also decreased (IRR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.37-0.51), though only using a 6-month window. Conclusions Given that earthquakes occur frequently in Latin America, disaster preparedness plans must be more broadly implemented to avoid disruptions in HIV care and attendant poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A. Gorsline
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sarah C. Lotspeich
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Statistical Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Fernando Mejia
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt de Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Claudia P. Cortes
- Universidad de Chile and Fundacion Arriaran, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Brenda Crabtree-Ramírez
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Catherine C. McGowan
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter F. Rebeiro
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Biostatistics, Nashville, TN, USA
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26
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Shing SR, Hoyt AK, Levack AE. Defining the shelf-life of calcium sulfate beads embedded with tobramycin and vancomycin. J Orthop 2024; 52:74-77. [PMID: 38435311 PMCID: PMC10904154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic-laden calcium sulfate beads are gaining popularity in the treatment of orthopaedic infections such as fracture-related infection and osteomyelitis. Calcium sulfate beads have several advantages over polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads as they are bioabsorbable, have demonstrated improved elution characteristics, and have lower peak polymerization temperatures than seen in PMMA. The ability to make and store antibiotic beads for later use has the potential to standardize dosing and decrease operating room times and healthcare costs. This study aims to determine the antibiotic efficacy of premade, antibiotic-laden calcium sulfate beads. Methods Calcium sulfate beads containing vancomycin or tobramycin were molded to 4.8 mm in diameter and stored for shelf-life durations of three and six months at 20 °C. A subset of beads was tested immediately after creation. At the designated time points, beads were placed into a buffer solution and incubated at 37 °C with agitation. Antibiotic eluent was collected at 1-hour, 4-hour, 24-hour, and 48-hour timepoints. Eluent concentrations were inferred from a prior study implementing the same calcium sulfate bead model. Eluent was used in microbroth dilution assays to determine its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Results MIC assays for tobramycin and vancomycin against S. aureus yielded concentrations consistent with previously reported ranges. MIC results across different bead shelf lives also remained consistent without an increase in MIC with increasing shelf life for either antibiotic. Conclusions Shelf life up to six months does not impact the efficacy of tobramycin or vancomycin eluent from calcium sulfate beads in vitro compared to beads made and tested immediately. These results provide preliminary evidence that tobramycin and vancomycin retain their antimicrobial activity in calcium sulfate beads for at least six months stored at room temperature. Additional studies on sterilization techniques are necessary prior to considering use of prefabricated antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate beads in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Shing
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60130, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Aaron K. Hoyt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ashley E. Levack
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
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27
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Copeland CJ, Roddy JW, Schmidt AK, Secor P, Wheeler T. VIBES: a workflow for annotating and visualizing viral sequences integrated into bacterial genomes. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqae030. [PMID: 38584872 PMCID: PMC10993291 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Many bacteriophages integrate their genomes into the bacterial chromosome and become prophages. Prophages may substantially burden or benefit host bacteria fitness, acting in some cases as parasites and in others as mutualists. Some prophages have been demonstrated to increase host virulence. The increasing ease of bacterial genome sequencing provides an opportunity to deeply explore prophage prevalence and insertion sites. Here we present VIBES (Viral Integrations in Bacterial genomES), a workflow intended to automate prophage annotation in complete bacterial genome sequences. VIBES provides additional context to prophage annotations by annotating bacterial genes and viral proteins in user-provided bacterial and viral genomes. The VIBES pipeline is implemented as a Nextflow-driven workflow, providing a simple, unified interface for execution on local, cluster and cloud computing environments. For each step of the pipeline, a container including all necessary software dependencies is provided. VIBES produces results in simple tab-separated format and generates intuitive and interactive visualizations for data exploration. Despite VIBES's primary emphasis on prophage annotation, its generic alignment-based design allows it to be deployed as a general-purpose sequence similarity search manager. We demonstrate the utility of the VIBES prophage annotation workflow by searching for 178 Pf phage genomes across 1072 Pseudomonas spp. genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner J Copeland
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Jack W Roddy
- R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Amelia K Schmidt
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Patrick R Secor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Travis J Wheeler
- R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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28
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McLellan JL, Hanson KK. Differential effects of translation inhibitors on Plasmodium berghei liver stage parasites. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302540. [PMID: 38575357 PMCID: PMC10994859 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of antimalarial compounds are being identified that converge mechanistically at inhibition of cytoplasmic translation, regardless of the molecular target or mechanism. A deeper understanding of how their effectiveness as liver stage translation inhibitors relates to their chemoprotective potential could prove useful. Here, we probed that relationship using the Plasmodium berghei-HepG2 liver stage infection model. After determining translation inhibition EC50s for five compounds, we tested them at equivalent effective concentrations to compare the parasite response to, and recovery from, a brief period of translation inhibition in early schizogony, followed by parasites to 120 h post-infection to assess antiplasmodial effects of the treatment. We show compound-specific heterogeneity in single parasite and population responses to translation inhibitor treatment, with no single metric strongly correlated to the release of hepatic merozoites for all compounds. We also demonstrate that DDD107498 is capable of exerting antiplasmodial effects on translationally arrested liver stage parasites and uncover unexpected growth dynamics during the liver stage. Our results demonstrate that translation inhibition efficacy does not determine antiplasmodial efficacy for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L McLellan
- https://ror.org/01kd65564 Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and STCEID, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kirsten K Hanson
- https://ror.org/01kd65564 Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and STCEID, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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29
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Robison TH, Lee W, Luker KE, Pettit K, Talpaz M, Chenevert TL, Ross BD, Luker GD. Quantitative MRI reveals heterogeneous impacts of treatment on diseased bone marrow in a mouse model of myelofibrosis. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:2568-2578. [PMID: 38265182 PMCID: PMC10997455 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Analyzing bone marrow in the hematologic cancer myelofibrosis requires endpoint histology in mouse models and bone marrow biopsies in patients. These methods hinder the ability to monitor therapy over time. Preclinical studies typically begin treatment before mice develop myelofibrosis, unlike patients who begin therapy only after onset of disease. Using clinically relevant, quantitative MRI metrics allowed us to evaluate treatment in mice with established myelofibrosis. METHODS We used chemical shift-encoded fat imaging, DWI, and magnetization transfer sequences to quantify bone marrow fat, cellularity, and macromolecular components in a mouse model of myelofibrosis. We monitored spleen volume, the established imaging marker for treatment, with anatomic MRI. After confirming bone marrow disease by MRI, we randomized mice to treatment with an approved drug (ruxolitinib or fedratinib) or an investigational agent, navitoclax, for 33 days. We measured the effects of therapy over time with bone marrow and spleen MRI. RESULTS All treatments produced heterogeneous responses with improvements in bone marrow evident in subsets of individual mice in all treatment groups. Reductions in spleen volume commonly occurred without corresponding improvement in bone marrow. MRI revealed patterns associated with effective and ineffective responses to treatment in bone marrow and identified regional variations in efficacy within a bone. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative MRI revealed modest, heterogeneous improvements in bone marrow disease when treating mice with established myelofibrosis. These results emphasize the value of bone marrow MRI to assess treatment in preclinical models and the potential to advance clinical trials for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner H Robison
- Department of Radiology (Center for Molecular Imaging), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Winston Lee
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Kathryn E Luker
- Department of Radiology (Center for Molecular Imaging), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristen Pettit
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Hematology/Oncology), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Moshe Talpaz
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Hematology/Oncology), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas L Chenevert
- Department of Radiology (Center for Molecular Imaging), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian D Ross
- Department of Radiology (Center for Molecular Imaging), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology (Center for Molecular Imaging), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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30
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Leigland A, Arnold T, Giorlando KK, Barnett AP, Sims-Gomillia CE, Bertone Z, Edet PP, Whiteley L, Brown LK. A qualitative study evaluating COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among individuals living in Mississippi. SSM Qual Res Health 2024; 5:100377. [PMID: 38605935 PMCID: PMC11005795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccination rates are lower in the Southern United States compared to other regions. This study investigated COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in Mississippi (MS) to identify preferences that may boost MS vaccination strategies in areas with poor vaccine uptake. Methods Qualitative interviews were completed between April 2021 and January 2022 with staff and patients at four Federally Qualified Health Centers in MS. Interviews included the following COVID-19 vaccine topics: willingness to be vaccinated, barriers and facilitators, and methods for providing vaccine information. Data were organized with NVivo software and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Fifteen clinic staff and 49 patients were interviewed. Barriers to vaccine uptake included a lack of knowledge and understanding of how the vaccine worked, distrust of the government, fear of side effects, and social pressure to stay unvaccinated. Vaccination facilitators included its widespread accessibility, a desire to protect themselves and vulnerable populations, and a previous unpleasant COVID-19 illness experience. Participants stated that vaccine information should be provided by health organizations and familiar, respected community members. Conclusions Results identified barriers to vaccination, such as mistrust of the government and healthcare system, and facilitators like vaccination advocacy originating from congregations and religious leaders. These findings can inform future COVID-19 vaccination efforts to increase overall immunization rates in MS. Future research in other locations could further assess commonalities and differences in the barriers and facilitators to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Leigland
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Trisha Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Kayla K. Giorlando
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Andrew P. Barnett
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Courtney E. Sims-Gomillia
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Zoe Bertone
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Precious Patrick Edet
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Laura Whiteley
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Larry K. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Dwivedi V, Shivanna V, Gautam S, Delgado J, Hicks A, Argonza M, Meredith R, Turner J, Martinez-Sobrido L, Torrelles JB, Kulkarni V. Age associated susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the K18-hACE2 transgenic mouse model. GeroScience 2024; 46:2901-2913. [PMID: 38388916 PMCID: PMC11009211 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still an ongoing global health crisis. Clinical data indicate that the case fatality rate (CFR) is age dependent, with a higher CFR percentage in the elderly population. We compared the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in young and aged K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. We evaluated morbidity, mortality, viral titers, immune responses, and histopathology in SARS-CoV-2-infected young and old K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Within the limitation of having a low number of mice per group, our results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in slightly higher morbidity, mortality, and viral replication in the lungs of old mice, which was associated with an impaired IgM response and altered cytokine and chemokine profiles. Results of this study increase our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and immuno-pathogenesis in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Dwivedi
- Disease Intervention & Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Vinay Shivanna
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Jennifer Delgado
- Disease Intervention & Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Amberlee Hicks
- Disease Intervention & Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Marco Argonza
- Disease Intervention & Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Reagan Meredith
- Disease Intervention & Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Joanne Turner
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA.
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Disease Intervention & Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA.
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA.
- International Center for the Advancement of Research & Education (I•CARE), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Viraj Kulkarni
- Disease Intervention & Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA.
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32
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Li X, Kulakova L, Jones K, Toth EA, Mitchell MK, Mendez Q, Weiner MP, Fuerst TR. Site-directed neutralizing antibodies targeting structural sites on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. N Biotechnol 2024; 80:27-36. [PMID: 38128698 PMCID: PMC10954356 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
'Epivolve' (epitope evolution) is an innovative paratope-evolving technology using a haptenated peptide or protein immunogen as a means of directing the in vivo immune response to specifically targeted sites at a one amino acid residue resolution. Guided by protein structural analysis, Epivolve technology was tested to develop site-directed neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in a systematic fashion against the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD). Thirteen solvent-exposed sites covering the ACE2 receptor-binding interface were targeted. Immunogens composed of each targeted site were used to immunize rabbits in separate cohorts. In vivo site-directed immune responses against all 13 targets were demonstrated by B cell secreted IgG and recombinant IgG testing. One site, SL13 (Y505) which mutates from tyrosine to histidine in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, was chosen as a proof-of-concept (PoC) model for further functional monoclonal antibody development. Epivolve technology demonstrated the capabilities of generating pan-variant antibodies and nAbs against the SARS-CoV-2 primary strain and the Omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- Abbratech Inc., 25 Business Park Drive, Suite C, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
| | - Liudmila Kulakova
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kezzia Jones
- Abbratech Inc., 25 Business Park Drive, Suite C, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Eric A Toth
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | - Qiana Mendez
- Abbratech Inc., 25 Business Park Drive, Suite C, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Michael P Weiner
- Abbratech Inc., 25 Business Park Drive, Suite C, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Thomas R Fuerst
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Ludington WB. The importance of host physical niches for the stability of gut microbiome composition. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230066. [PMID: 38497267 PMCID: PMC10945397 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria are prevalent throughout the Metazoa and form complex microbial communities associated with food breakdown, nutrient provision and disease prevention. How hosts acquire and maintain a consistent bacterial flora remains mysterious even in the best-studied animals, including humans, mice, fishes, squid, bugs, worms and flies. This essay visits the evidence that hosts have co-evolved relationships with specific bacteria and that some of these relationships are supported by specialized physical niches that select, sequester and maintain microbial symbionts. Genetics approaches could uncover the mechanisms for recruiting and maintaining the stable and consistent members of the microbiome. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Ludington
- Department of Biosphere Sciences and Engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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34
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Bosch TCG, Blaser MJ, Ruby E, McFall-Ngai M. A new lexicon in the age of microbiome research. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230060. [PMID: 38497258 PMCID: PMC10945402 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
At a rapid pace, biologists are learning the many ways in which resident microbes influence, and sometimes even control, their hosts to shape both health and disease. Understanding the biochemistry behind these interactions promises to reveal completely novel and targeted ways of counteracting disease processes. However, in our protocols and publications, we continue to describe these new results using a language that originated in a completely different context. This language developed when microbial interactions with hosts were perceived to be primarily pathogenic, as threats that had to be vanquished. Biomedicine had one dominating thought: winning this war against microorganisms. Today, we know that beyond their defensive roles, host tissues, especially epithelia, are vital to ensuring association with the normal microbiota, the communities of microbes that persistently live with the host. Thus, we need to adopt a language that better encompasses the newly appreciated importance of host-microbiota associations. We also need a language that frames the onset and progression of pathogenic conditions within the context of the normal microbiota. Such a reimagined lexicon should make it clear, from the very nature of its words, that microorganisms are primarily vital to our health, and only more rarely the cause of disease. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Edward Ruby
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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35
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Baldo A, Di Domizio J, Yatim A, Vandenberghe-Dürr S, Jenelten R, Fries A, Grizzetti L, Kuonen F, Paul C, Modlin RL, Conrad C, Gilliet M. Human neutrophils drive skin autoinflammation by releasing interleukin (IL)-26. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231464. [PMID: 38448036 PMCID: PMC10917069 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammation is a sterile inflammatory process resulting from increased neutrophil infiltration and overexpression of IL-1 cytokines. The factors that trigger these events are, however, poorly understood. By investigating pustular forms of psoriasis, we show that human neutrophils constitutively express IL-26 and abundantly release it from granular stores upon activation. In pustular psoriasis, neutrophil-derived IL-26 drives the pathogenic autoinflammation process by inducing the expression of IL-1 cytokines and chemokines that further recruit neutrophils. This occurs via activation of IL-26R in keratinocytes and via the formation of complexes between IL-26 and microbiota DNA, which trigger TLR9 activation of neutrophils. Thus our findings identify neutrophils as an important source of IL-26 and point to IL-26 as the key link between neutrophils and a self-sustaining autoinflammation loop in pustular psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Baldo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Di Domizio
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmad Yatim
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Vandenberghe-Dürr
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Jenelten
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anissa Fries
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Grizzetti
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Kuonen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carle Paul
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Robert L. Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Curdin Conrad
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Gilliet
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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36
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Arifuzzaman M, Won TH, Yano H, Uddin J, Emanuel ER, Hu E, Zhang W, Li TT, Jin WB, Grier A, Kashyap S, Guo CJ, Schroeder FC, Artis D. Dietary fiber is a critical determinant of pathologic ILC2 responses and intestinal inflammation. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232148. [PMID: 38506708 PMCID: PMC10955042 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) can promote host defense, chronic inflammation, or tissue protection and are regulated by cytokines and neuropeptides. However, their regulation by diet and microbiota-derived signals remains unclear. We show that an inulin fiber diet promotes Tph1-expressing inflammatory ILC2s (ILC2INFLAM) in the colon, which produce IL-5 but not tissue-protective amphiregulin (AREG), resulting in the accumulation of eosinophils. This exacerbates inflammation in a murine model of intestinal damage and inflammation in an ILC2- and eosinophil-dependent manner. Mechanistically, the inulin fiber diet elevated microbiota-derived bile acids, including cholic acid (CA) that induced expression of ILC2-activating IL-33. In IBD patients, bile acids, their receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR), IL-33, and eosinophils were all upregulated compared with controls, implicating this diet-microbiota-ILC2 axis in human IBD pathogenesis. Together, these data reveal that dietary fiber-induced changes in microbial metabolites operate as a rheostat that governs protective versus pathologic ILC2 responses with relevance to precision nutrition for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arifuzzaman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tae Hyung Won
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yano
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jazib Uddin
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Emanuel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elin Hu
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen-Bing Jin
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Grier
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanchita Kashyap
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chun-Jun Guo
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank C. Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Neuroimmune Interactions, New York, NY, USA
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Wei L, Dankwa S, Vijayan K, Smith JD, Kaushansky A. Interrogating endothelial barrier regulation by temporally resolved kinase network generation. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302522. [PMID: 38467420 PMCID: PMC10927359 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Kinases are key players in endothelial barrier regulation, yet their temporal function and regulatory phosphosignaling networks are incompletely understood. We developed a novel methodology, Temporally REsolved KInase Network Generation (TREKING), which combines a 28-kinase inhibitor screen with machine learning and network reconstruction to build time-resolved, functional phosphosignaling networks. We demonstrated the utility of TREKING for identifying pathways mediating barrier integrity after activation by thrombin with or without TNF preconditioning in brain endothelial cells. TREKING predicted over 100 kinases involved in barrier regulation and discerned complex condition-specific pathways. For instance, the MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2/MK2) had early barrier-weakening activity in both inflammatory conditions but late barrier-strengthening activity exclusively with thrombin alone. Using temporal Western blotting, we confirmed that MAPKAPK2/MK2 was differentially phosphorylated under the two inflammatory conditions. We further showed with lentivirus-mediated knockdown of MAPK14/p38α and drug targeting the MAPK14/p38α-MAPKAPK2/MK2 complex that a MAP3K20/ZAK-MAPK14/p38α axis controlled the late activation of MAPKAPK2/MK2 in the thrombin-alone condition. Beyond the MAPKAPK2/MK2 switch, TREKING predicts extensive interconnected networks that control endothelial barrier dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Selasi Dankwa
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kamalakannan Vijayan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph D Smith
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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38
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Rusk SA, DiBari J, Mason DM, Li M, Hong X, Wang G, Pearson C, Mirolli G, Cheng TL, Kogan MD, Zuckerman B, Wang X. The impact of COVID-19 on psychiatric clinical encounters among low-income racially-diverse children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:631-643. [PMID: 37088737 PMCID: PMC10590822 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of longitudinal data to examine the impact of COVID-19 on all types of clinical encounters among United States, underrepresented BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and people of color), children. This study aims to examine the changes in all the outpatient clinical encounters during the pandemic compared to the baseline, with particular attention to psychiatric encounters and diagnoses. METHOD This study analyzed 3-year (January 2019 to December 2021) longitudinal clinical encounter data from 3,394 children in the Boston Birth Cohort, a US urban, predominantly low-income, Black and Hispanic children. Outcomes of interest were completed outpatient clinical encounters and their modalities (telemedicine vs. in person), including psychiatric care and diagnoses, primary care, emergency department (ED), and developmental and behavioral pediatrics (DBP). RESULTS The study children's mean (SD) age is 13.9 (4.0) years. Compared to 2019, psychiatric encounters increased by 38% in 2020, most notably for diagnoses of adjustment disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). In contrast, primary care encounters decreased by 33%, ED encounters decreased by 55%, and DBP care decreased by 16% in 2020. Telemedicine was utilized the most for psychiatric and DBP encounters and the least for primary care encounters in 2020. A remarkable change in 2021 was the return of primary care encounters to the 2019 level, but psychiatric encounters fluctuated with spikes in COVID-19 case numbers. CONCLUSIONS Among this sample of US BIPOC children, compared to the 2019 baseline, psychiatric encounters increased by 38% during 2020, most notably for the new diagnoses of adjustment disorder, depression, and PTSD. The 2021 data showed a full recovery of primary care encounters to the baseline level but psychiatric encounters remained sensitive to the pandemic spikes. The long-term impact of the pandemic on children's mental health warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena A. Rusk
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Jessica DiBari
- Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
| | - Dana M. Mason
- Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center
| | - Gabrielle Mirolli
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center
| | - Tina L. Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and University of Cincinnati
| | - Michael D. Kogan
- Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
| | - Barry Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Case BKM, Dye-Braumuller KC, Evans C, Li H, Rustin L, Nolan MS. Adapting vector surveillance using Bayesian experimental design: An application to an ongoing tick monitoring program in the southeastern United States. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102329. [PMID: 38484538 PMCID: PMC10993663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Maps of the distribution of medically-important ticks throughout the US remain lacking in spatial and temporal resolution in many areas, leading to holes in our understanding of where and when people are at risk of tick encounters, an important baseline for informing public health response. In this work, we demonstrate the use of Bayesian Experimental Design (BED) in planning spatiotemporal surveillance of disease vectors. We frame survey planning as an optimization problem with the objective of identifying a calendar of sampling locations that maximizes the expected information regarding some goal. Here we consider the goals of understanding associations between environmental factors and tick presence and minimizing uncertainty in high risk areas. We illustrate our proposed BED workflow using an ongoing tick surveillance study in South Carolina parks. Following a model comparison study based on two years of initial data, several techniques for finding optimal surveys were compared to random sampling. Two optimization algorithms found surveys better than all replications of random sampling, while a space-filling heuristic performed favorably as well. Further, optimal surveys of just 20 visits were more effective than repeating the schedule of 111 visits used in 2021. We conclude that BED shows promise as a flexible and rigorous means of survey design for vector control, and could help alleviate pressure on local agencies by limiting the resources necessary for accurate information on arthropod distributions. We have made the code for our BED workflow publicly available on Zenodo to help promote the application of these methods to future surveillance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K M Case
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kyndall C Dye-Braumuller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Chris Evans
- South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Huixuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Lauren Rustin
- South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Melissa S Nolan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Chen SS, Zhang H. Abrogation and homeostatic restoration of IgE responses by a universal IgE allergy CTL vaccine-The three signal self/non-self/self (S/NS/S) theory. Immunology 2024; 172:91-108. [PMID: 38303079 PMCID: PMC10987285 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural IgE cytotoxic peptides (nECPs), which are derived from the constant domain of the heavy chain of human IgE producing B cells via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, are decorated onto MHC class 1a molecules (MHCIa) as unique biomarkers for CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte)-mediated immune surveillance. Human IgE exhibits only one isotype and lacks polymorphisms; IgE is pivotal in mediating diverse, allergen-specific allergies. Therefore, by disrupting self-IgE tolerance via costimulation, the CTLs induced by nECPs can serve as universal allergy vaccines (UAVs) in humans to dampen IgE production mediated by diverse allergen-specific IgE-secreting B cells and plasma cells expressing surface nECP-MHCIa as targets. The study herein has enabled the identification of nECPs, A32 and SP-1/SP-2 nonameric natural peptides produced through the correspondence principle. Vaccination using nECP induced nECP-specific CTL that profoundly suppressed human IgE production in vitro as well as chimeric human IgE production in human IgE/HLA-A2.01/HLA-B7.02 triple transgenic rodents. Furthermore, nECP-tetramer-specific CTLs were found to be converted into CD4 Tregs that restored IgE competence via the homeostatic principle, mediatepred by SREBP-1c suppressed DCs. Thus, nECPs showed causal efficacy and safety as UAVs for treating categorically type I hypersensitivity IgE-mediated allergies. The applied vaccination concept presented provides the foundation to unify, integrate through a singular class of tetramer-specific TCR clonotypes for regulaing human IgE production. The three signal theory pertains to mechanisms of three cells underlying central tolerance (S), breaking self tolerance (NS) and regaining peripheral tolerance (S) via homeostasis concerning nECP as an efficacious and safe UAV to treat type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. The three signal theory impirically extended, may be heuritic for immuno-regulation of adaptive immune repertoire in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swey-Shen Chen
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, AAIIT LLC, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, IGE Therapeutics and Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Protein Display and Molecular Evolution, The Institute of Genetics at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hailan Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, AAIIT LLC, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, IGE Therapeutics and Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, California, USA
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OPSTEEN S, FRAM T, FILES JK, LEVITAN EB, GOEPFERT P, ERDMANN N. Impact of Chronic HIV Infection on Acute Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2024; 96:92-100. [PMID: 38408318 PMCID: PMC11009054 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT There is mounting evidence that HIV infection is a risk factor for severe presentations of COVID-19. We hypothesized that the persistent immune activation associated with chronic HIV infection contributes to worsened outcomes during acute COVID-19. The goals of this study were to provide an in-depth analysis of immune response to acute COVID-19 and investigate relationships between immune responses and clinical outcomes in an unvaccinated, sex- and race-matched cohort of people with HIV (PWH, n = 20) and people without HIV (PWOH, n = 41). We performed flow cytometric analyses on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from PWH and PWOH experiencing acute COVID-19 (≤21-day postsymptom onset). PWH were younger (median 52 vs 65 years) and had milder COVID-19 (40% vs 88% hospitalized) compared with PWOH. Flow cytometry panels included surface markers for immune cell populations, activation and exhaustion surface markers (with and without SARS-CoV-2-specific antigen stimulation), and intracellular cytokine staining. We observed that PWH had increased expression of activation (eg, CD137 and OX40) and exhaustion (eg, PD1 and TIGIT) markers as compared to PWOH during acute COVID-19. When analyzing the impact of COVID-19 severity, we found that hospitalized PWH had lower nonclassical (CD16 + ) monocyte frequencies, decreased expression of TIM3 on CD4 + T cells, and increased expression of PDL1 and CD69 on CD8 + T cells. Our findings demonstrate that PWH have increased immune activation and exhaustion as compared to a cohort of predominately older, hospitalized PWOH and raises questions on how chronic immune activation affects acute disease and the development of postacute sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye OPSTEEN
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tim FRAM
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jacob K. FILES
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Emily B. LEVITAN
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Paul GOEPFERT
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nathaniel ERDMANN
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Haidara FC, Tapia MD, Diallo F, Portillo S, Williams M, Traoré A, Rotrosen E, Hensel E, Makowski M, Selamawi S, Powell JA, Kotloff KL, Pasetti MF, Sow SO, Neuzil KM. Safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of Tdap compared to Td in pregnant women in Mali and 3 its effect on infant immune responses: a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled phase 2 study. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 71:102556. [PMID: 38586589 PMCID: PMC10998094 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While maternal pertussis vaccination is a strategy to reduce infant morbidity, safety and immunogenicity data are limited in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to evaluate the safety of a single dose of tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) vaccine compared to tetanus and diphtheria vaccine (Td) vaccine in pregnant women in Bamako, Mali and to assess the pertussis toxin (PT) antibody response at birth. Methods In this phase 2, single-centre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled study, from 23 January 2019 to 10 July 2019, healthy 18-39 year old women in the second trimester of a singleton pregnancy were randomised 2:1 to receive Tdap or Td. Blood was tested for serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) against PT and other vaccine antigens using a qualified Meso Scale Discovery multiplex immunoassay. The co-primary objectives evaluated safety and birth anti-PT levels. Infant immune responses to whole-cell pertussis vaccine (DTwP) were assessed. Statistical analysis was descriptive. This trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03589768. Findings 133 women received Tdap and 67 received Td, with 126 and 66 livebirths, respectively. In the Tdap group, 22 serious adverse events (SAEs) including one maternal death occurred in 20 participants (15·0%), with 10 SAEs in 10 participants (14·9%) in the Td group. Among infants, 18 events occurred among 13 participants (10.3%) and 8 SAEs in 6 participants (9.1%), including three and two infant deaths, occurred in Tdap and Td groups, respectively. None were related to study vaccines. Anti-PT geometric mean concentration (GMC) at birth in the Tdap group was higher than in the Td group (55.4 [46.2-66.6] IU/ml vs 7.9 [5.4-11.5] IU/ml). One month after the third dose of DTwP, the GMC in infants born to mothers in the Tdap group were lower compared to the Td group (20.2 [13.7-29.9] IU/ml vs 77.2 [32.2-184.8] IU/ml). By 6 months of age, the anti- PT GMCs were 17.3 [12.8-23.4] IU/ml and 67.1 [35.5-126.7] IU/ml in Tdap and Td groups, respectively. At birth, anti-tetanus toxin (TT) GMCs were higher in infants in the Td vs Tdap group (5.9 [5.0-7.0] IU/ml vs 4.1 [3.5-4.8] IU/ml). Anti-diphtheria toxin GMCs were similar in both groups. Interpretation Tdap administered to pregnant women in Mali is safe and well-tolerated. Infants of mothers who received Tdap were born with high PT and protective anti-TT antibody levels. By six months of age, after primary vaccination, the PT levels were lower in the Tdap group compared to the Td group. The blunted immune responses to primary DTwP vaccination in the Tdap infant group warrant further study. Funding This project was funded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), under contract numbers 75N93021C00012 (The Emmes Company), and HHSN27220130000221 (University of Maryland, Baltimore). Dr. Susana Portillo was supported by NIH award no. T32AI007524. NIAID, NIH provided Tdap vaccine (BOOSTRIX).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milagritos D. Tapia
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Susana Portillo
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret Williams
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Awa Traoré
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins – Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Elizabeth Rotrosen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Karen L. Kotloff
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcela F. Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samba O. Sow
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins – Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kathleen M. Neuzil
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Read KA, Amici SA, Farsi S, Cutcliffe M, Lee B, Lio CWJ, Wu HJJ, Guerau-de-Arellano M, Oestreich KJ. PRMT5 Promotes T follicular helper Cell Differentiation and Germinal Center Responses during Influenza Virus Infection. J Immunol 2024; 212:1442-1449. [PMID: 38436421 PMCID: PMC11018492 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) modify diverse protein targets and regulate numerous cellular processes; yet, their contributions to individual effector T cell responses during infections are incompletely understood. In this study, we identify PRMT5 as a critical regulator of CD4+ T follicular helper cell (Tfh) responses during influenza virus infection in mice. Conditional PRMT5 deletion in murine T cells results in an almost complete ablation of both Tfh and T follicular regulatory populations and, consequently, reduced B cell activation and influenza-specific Ab production. Supporting a potential mechanism, we observe elevated surface expression of IL-2Rα on non-T regulatory effector PRMT5-deficient T cells. Notably, IL-2 signaling is known to negatively impact Tfh differentiation. Collectively, our findings identify PRMT5 as a prominent regulator of Tfh programming, with potential causal links to IL-2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin A. Read
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Stephanie A. Amici
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sadaf Farsi
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Madeline Cutcliffe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology-Immunology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Bella Lee
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Chan-Wang Jerry Lio
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology; The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
| | - Hsin-Jung Joyce Wu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology-Immunology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology; The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
| | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Kenneth J. Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology; The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
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Bu L, Habib MR, Lu L, Mutuku MW, Loker ES, Zhang SM. Transcriptional profiling of Bulinus globosus provides insights into immune gene families in snails supporting the transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis. Dev Comp Immunol 2024; 154:105150. [PMID: 38367887 PMCID: PMC10932938 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, urogenital and intestinal, afflicts 251 million people worldwide with approximately two-thirds of the patients suffering from the urogenital form of the disease. Freshwater snails of the genus Bulinus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) serve as obligate intermediate hosts for Schistosoma haematobium, the etiologic agent of human urogenital schistosomiasis. These snails also act as vectors for the transmission of schistosomiasis in livestock and wildlife. Despite their crucial role in human and veterinary medicine, our basic understanding at the molecular level of the entire Bulinus genus, which comprises 37 recognized species, is very limited. In this study, we employed Illumina-based RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to profile the genome-wide transcriptome of Bulinus globosus, one of the most important intermediate hosts for S. haematobium in Africa. A total of 179,221 transcripts (N50 = 1,235) were assembled and the benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs (BUSCO) was estimated to be 97.7%. The analysis revealed a substantial number of transcripts encoding evolutionarily conserved immune-related proteins, particularly C-type lectin (CLECT) domain-containing proteins (n = 316), Toll/Interleukin 1-receptor (TIR)-containing proteins (n = 75), and fibrinogen related domain-containing molecules (FReD) (n = 165). Notably, none of the FReDs are fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) (immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) + fibrinogen (FBG)). This RNAseq-based transcriptional profile provides new insights into immune capabilities of Bulinus snails, helps provide a framework to explain the complex patterns of compatibility between snails and schistosomes, and improves our overall understanding of comparative immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Bu
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Mohamed R Habib
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Lijun Lu
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Martin W Mutuku
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric S Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA; Parasitology Division, Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, USA
| | - Si-Ming Zhang
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Szablewski CM, McBride DS, Trock SC, Habing GG, Hoet AE, Nelson SW, Nolting JM, Bowman AS. Evolution of influenza A viruses in exhibition swine and transmission to humans, 2013-2015. Zoonoses Public Health 2024; 71:281-293. [PMID: 38110691 PMCID: PMC10994755 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Swine are a mixing vessel for the emergence of novel reassortant influenza A viruses (IAV). Interspecies transmission of swine-origin IAV poses a public health and pandemic risk. In the United States, the majority of zoonotic IAV transmission events have occurred in association with swine exposure at agricultural fairs. Accordingly, this human-animal interface necessitates mitigation strategies informed by understanding of interspecies transmission mechanisms in exhibition swine. Likewise, the diversity of IAV in swine can be a source for novel reassortant or mutated viruses that pose a risk to both swine and human health. METHODS AND RESULTS In an effort to better understand those risks, here we investigated the epidemiology of IAV in exhibition swine and subsequent transmission to humans by performing phylogenetic analyses using full genome sequences from 272 IAV isolates collected from exhibition swine and 23 A(H3N2)v viruses from human hosts during 2013-2015. Sixty-seven fairs (24.2%) had at least one pig test positive for IAV with an overall estimated prevalence of 8.9% (95% CI: 8.3-9.6, Clopper-Pearson). Of the 19 genotypes found in swine, 5 were also identified in humans. There was a positive correlation between the number of human cases of a genotype and its prevalence in exhibition swine. Additionally, we demonstrated that A(H3N2)v viruses clustered tightly with exhibition swine viruses that were prevalent in the same year. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that multiple genotypes of swine-lineage IAV have infected humans, and highly prevalent IAV genotypes in exhibition swine during a given year are also the strains detected most frequently in human cases of variant IAV. Continued surveillance and rapid characterization of IAVs in exhibition swine can facilitate timely phenotypic evaluation and matching of candidate vaccine strains to those viruses present at the human-animal interface which are most likely to spillover into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Szablewski
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dillon S McBride
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan C Trock
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory G Habing
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Armando E Hoet
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah W Nelson
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Nolting
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew S Bowman
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Li X, Olatosi B, Zhang J. Harnessing Big Data to end HIV. AIDS Care 2024; 36:581-582. [PMID: 36585935 PMCID: PMC10310878 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2159000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Big Data Health Science Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Bankole Olatosi
- Big Data Health Science Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Health Service, Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Big Data Health Science Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Raha JR, Kim KH, Bhatnagar N, Liu R, Le CTT, Park BR, Grovenstein P, Pal SS, Ko EJ, Shin CH, Wang BZ, Kang SM. Supplementation of seasonal vaccine with multi-subtype neuraminidase and M2 ectodomain virus-like particle improves protection against homologous and heterologous influenza viruses in aged mice. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105877. [PMID: 38561077 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The conventional inactivated split seasonal influenza vaccine offers low efficacy, particularly in the elderly and against antigenic variants. Here, to improve the efficacy of seasonal vaccination for the elderly population, we tested whether supplementing seasonal bivalent (H1N1 + H3N2) split (S) vaccine with M2 ectodomain repeat and multi-subtype consensus neuraminidase (NA) proteins (N1 NA + N2 NA + flu B NA) on a virus-like particle (NA-M2e) would induce enhanced cross-protection against different influenza viruses in aged mice. Immunization with split vaccine plus NA-M2e (S + NA-M2e) increased vaccine-specific IgG antibodies towards T-helper type 1 responses and hemagglutination inhibition titers. Aged mice with NA-M2e supplemented vaccination were protected against homologous and heterologous viruses at higher efficacies, as evidenced by preventing weight loss, lowering lung viral loads, inducing broadly cross-protective humoral immunity, and IFN-γ+ CD4 and CD8 T cell responses than those with seasonal vaccine. Overall, this study supports a new strategy of NA-M2e supplemented vaccination to enhance protection against homologous and antigenically different viruses in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ruhan Raha
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Noopur Bhatnagar
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Chau Thuy Tien Le
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Bo Ryoung Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Phillip Grovenstein
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Surya Sekhar Pal
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Shin
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.
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48
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Lamothe PA, Capric V, Lee FEH. Viral infections causing asthma exacerbations in the age of biologics and the COVID-19 pandemic. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2024; 30:287-293. [PMID: 38411178 PMCID: PMC10959678 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma exacerbations are associated with substantial symptom burden and healthcare costs. Viral infections are the most common identified cause of asthma exacerbations. The epidemiology of viral respiratory infections has undergone a significant evolution during the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationship between viruses and asthmatic hosts has long been recognized but it is still incompletely understood. The use of newly approved asthma biologics has helped us understand this interaction better. RECENT FINDINGS We review recent updates on the interaction between asthma and respiratory viruses, and we address how biologics and immunotherapies could affect this relationship by altering the respiratory mucosa cytokine milieu. By exploring the evolving epidemiological landscape of viral infections during the different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, we emphasize the early post-pandemic stage, where a resurgence of pre-pandemic viruses with atypical seasonality patterns occurred. Finally, we discuss the newly developed RSV and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and how they reduce respiratory infections. SUMMARY Characterizing how respiratory viruses interact with asthmatic hosts will allow us to identify tailored therapies to reduce the burden of asthma exacerbations. New vaccination strategies are likely to shape the future viral asthma exacerbation landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. Lamothe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine. Department of Medicine. Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Violeta Capric
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine. Department of Medicine. Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine. Department of Medicine. Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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49
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Lee JS, Batchelder AW, Stanton AM, Westphal L, Klevens RM, Mayer KH, O'Cleirigh C. Structural vulnerabilities and PrEP awareness among Boston heterosexuals and people who inject drugs at risk for HIV: findings from 2018 to 2019 cycles from the Boston, MA site of the NHBS. AIDS Care 2024; 36:641-651. [PMID: 38091449 PMCID: PMC10994762 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2288646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about biopsychosocial factors relating to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness among people with either heterosexual or injection drug use HIV risk behaviors. Participants engaged in vaginal/anal sex with a person of the opposite sex (N = 515) or were people who injected drugs (PWID; N = 451) in the past 12 months from 2018-2019 in Boston, MA. We examined associations between PrEP awareness and: homelessness; perceived HIV-related stigma; country of birth; bacterial STDs, chlamydia, and/or gonorrhea in the past 12 months, lifetime hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, sexual orientation, and poverty. More PWID (36.8%) were aware of PrEP than people with heterosexual HIV risk (28%; p = .001). Among people with heterosexual risk, homelessness (aOR = 1.99, p = .003), and among PWID: homelessness (aOR = 2.11, p = .032); bacterial STD (aOR = 2.96, p = .012); chlamydia (aOR = 6.14, p = .008); and HCV (aOR = 2.40, p < .001) were associated with increased likelihood of PrEP awareness. In the combined sample: homelessness (aOR = 2.25, p < .001); HCV (aOR = 2.18, p < .001); identifying as homosexual (aOR = 3.71, p = .036); and bisexual (aOR = 1.55, p = .016) were each associated with PrEP awareness. Although having an STD, HCV, identifying as homosexual or bisexual, and experiencing homelessness were associated with increased PrEP awareness, most participants were unaware of PrEP. Efforts to increase PrEP awareness could engage PWID and heterosexual HIV risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A W Batchelder
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A M Stanton
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Westphal
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R M Klevens
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K H Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C O'Cleirigh
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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50
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Chang JW, Jensen ET. Epidemiologic and Clinical Clues to the Etiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:145-155. [PMID: 38575214 PMCID: PMC11003716 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Despite the rising prevalence and incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), the etiology and pathophysiology remain unknown. Studies to date suggest that complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors result in the development and presentation of disease. Examining environmental factors both in the early life and later life exposures offers potential clues for the development of EoE, although challenges exist in making causal inferences due to diagnostic delay and access, ascertainment biases, and misclassification of cases. The authors review studies supporting early life factors as etiologic factors in the development of EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy W Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, 3912 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, SPC 5362, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Elizabeth T Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 475 Vine Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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