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Percot A, Maurel MC, Lambert JF, Zins EL. New insights into the surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) response of adenine using chemometrics. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 314:124177. [PMID: 38554690 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The SERS response of adenine is one of the most studied, due to its outstanding exaltation. However, the spectra obtained strongly differ according to the experimental conditions and still remain not well understood. To be able to search for the presence of this molecule in complex environments, it is essential to better understand the SERS response of adenine alone. After a brief presentation of the literature on the subject, we present results suggesting that the experimental spectra would result from the overlap of different spectroscopic signatures, that may probably be due to different non-covalent interactions or different electromagnetic fields experienced by adenine molecules. An independent component analysis is reported. Our results underline the difficulty to precisely analyze the experimental data, the need to continue this research and to constitute data banks that would allow comparing the spectra obtained in different laboratories according to the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Percot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MONARIS, UMR8233, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - M C Maurel
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS,MNHN, UMR7205, ISYEB, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J F Lambert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LAMS, UMR8220, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - E L Zins
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MONARIS, UMR8233, F-75005 Paris, France
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2
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Zhou M, Li X, Liu J, Wu Y, Tan Z, Deng N. Adenine's impact on mice's gut and kidney varies with the dosage administered and relates to intestinal microorganisms and enzyme activities. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:88. [PMID: 38406640 PMCID: PMC10884393 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dosages of adenine on intestinal microorganisms and enzyme activities, laying the experimental groundwork for subsequent exploration of the microbial mechanisms underlying diarrhea with kidney yang deficiency syndrome. Twenty-four mice were assigned to the following four groups: the control (NC) group, low-dosage adenine (NML) group, middle-dosage adenine (NMM) group, and high-dosage adenine (NMH) group. Mice in the NML, NMM, and NMH groups received 25 mg/(kg·d), 50 mg/(kg·d), and 100 mg/(kg·d) of adenine, respectively, 0.4 mL/each, once a day for 14 days. The NC group received 0.4 mL sterile water. Parameters including body weight, rectal temperature, intestinal microorganisms, enzyme activities, and microbial activity were measured. Results indicated that mice in the experimental group displayed signs of a poor mental state, curled up with their backs arched, and felt sleepy and lazy, with sparse fur that was easily shed, and damp bedding. Some mice showed fecal adhesion contamination in the perianal and tail areas. Dosage-dependent effects were observed, with decreased food intake, body weight, rectal temperature, and microbial activity and increased water intake and fecal water content. Enzyme activity analyses revealed significantly higher activities of protease, sucrase, amylase, and cellulase in intestinal contents and lactase, sucrase, amylase, and cellulase in the mucosa of the NMM group compared to those of other groups. Ultimately, the higher adenine dosage was associated with more pronounced symptoms of kidney yang deficiency syndrome, with 50 mg/kg adenine exhibiting the most substantial impact on the number of intestinal microbial colonies and enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Zhou
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208 China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208 China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650000 China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208 China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208 China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208 China
| | - Na Deng
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208 China
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3
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Merkus VI, Leupold MS, Rockel SP, Schmidt TC. Ozonation products of purine derivatives, the basic structures of antiviral micropollutants. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169073. [PMID: 38049003 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Purine and its nucleobases adenine and guanine are the basic structures of a large group of antiviral agents such as acyclovir and penciclovir. Hence, their ozonation is of interest with regard to wastewater treatment due to the formation of products that could affect the aquatic environment. In this study, the transformation products of the mentioned substances are investigated under different defined reaction conditions in order to gain insight into the ozonation characteristics of this compound class. Results show that examining related molecules significantly improves product screening by compiling known products and analogues leading to comprehensive candidate lists, for the purines with a total number of >120 candidates (including possible duplicates for several purines) of which 49 were detected for the derivatives studied. One product, cyanuric acid, which was previously postulated for adenine, was tentatively confirmed and quantified for the first time for the reaction of purine and adenine with ozone. In addition, two prioritisation approaches are presented to identify the major products that are either formed under specific reaction conditions or are potentially relevant for structurally related pollutants. First, principal component analysis allowed the prioritisation of the products formed according to reaction conditions. In the analysis of guanine and the two antivirals, this approach showed that at neutral and basic pH the 2-imino-5-oxoimidazoline products dominated while at acidic pH either analogues of 5-amino-2,4-imidazolidinedione or 2,4-diamino-1,3-oxazol-5-(2H)-one were abundant. A second approach prioritising common products in the ozonation of all three basic structures revealed the formation of two products that had not been reported before: C4H8O3 and C3H2N2O3, presumably oxalylurea. Both molecules or their analogues may also be formed from related micropollutants. Overall, examining basic structures and exemplary micropollutants in combination was shown to be a worthwhile approach to gain knowledge on the ozonation of a whole range of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina I Merkus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael S Leupold
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah P Rockel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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Cataldo PG, Iramain MA, Castillo MV, Manzur ME, Romano E, Brandán SA. Vibrational assignments of cyclic dimers and inter-monomers of adenine relating FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV spectra with SQMFF and DFT calculations. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 306:123540. [PMID: 37898058 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, three different cyclic dimers and a tetramer of adenine taken from the experimental structure determined by X-ray diffraction have been studied by combination of experimental FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV-Visible spectra with hybrid B3LYP/6-311++G** and scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) calculations in order to perform the complete assignments of bands observed in the vibrational spectra. The characteristics of different N-H···N interactions of those three cyclic structures together with the group of IR bands observed between 2865 and 2599 cm-1 have been elucidated considering the tetrameric structure. The cyclic dimers and the tetramer of adenine confirm that the bands observed between 2865 and 2599 cm-1 are not due to N-H···N interactions but to bands of combination, as was previously suggested. The experimental available deuterated IR and terahertz spectra have allowed the complete assignments of regions of higher and lower wavenumbers. Good correlations were acquired comparing the theoretical IR, Raman and UV spectra of three species and the tetramer with the analogous experimental ones, suggesting the presence of all species in both phases. Vibronic bands are observed in the electronic spectra when adenine concentration is increased in aqueous solution evidencing the presence of monomer, tautomers and dimers, as reported by different studies. Similar characteristics of H bonds interactions are predicted for dimers 1 and 2 but different from the dimer 3, as revealed by using NBO and AIM calculations. Different scaled force constants values were found for the cyclic dimers 1 and 2, as compared to the corresponding to dimer 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G Cataldo
- Cátedra de Química General, Instituto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica. Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano A Iramain
- Cátedra de Química General, Instituto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica. Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María V Castillo
- Cátedra de Química General, Instituto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica. Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María E Manzur
- Cátedra de Química General, Instituto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica. Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Elida Romano
- Cátedra de Química General, Instituto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica. Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvia Antonia Brandán
- Cátedra de Química General, Instituto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica. Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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5
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Harber KJ, Nguyen TA, Schomakers BV, Heister DAF, de Vries HE, van Weeghel M, Van den Bossche J, de Winther MPJ. Adenine is an anti-inflammatory metabolite found to be more abundant in M-CSF over GM-CSF-differentiated human macrophages. Immunol Lett 2024; 265:23-30. [PMID: 38142781 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Immunometabolism has been unveiled in the last decade to play a major role in controlling macrophage metabolism and inflammation. There has been a constant effort to understand the immunomodulating properties of regulated metabolites during inflammation with the aim of controlling and re-wiring aberrant macrophages in inflammatory diseases. M-CSF and GM-CSF-differentiated macrophages play a key role in mounting successful innate immune responses. When a resolution phase is not achieved however, GM-CSF macrophages contribute substantially more towards an adverse inflammatory milieu than M-CSF macrophages, consequently driving disease progression. Whether there are specific immunometabolites that determine the homoeostatic or inflammatory nature of M-CSF and GM-CSF-differentiated macrophages is still unknown. As such, we performed metabolomics analysis on LPS and IL-4-stimulated M-CSF and GM-CSF-differentiated human macrophages to identify differentially accumulating metabolites. Adenine was distinguished as a metabolite significantly higher in M-CSF-differentiated macrophages after both LPS or IL-4 stimulation. Human macrophages treated with adenine before LPS stimulation showed a reduction in inflammatory gene expression, cytokine secretion and surface marker expression. Adenine caused macrophages to become more quiescent by lowering glycolysis and OXPHOS which resulted in reduced ATP production. Moreover, typical metabolite changes seen during LPS-induced macrophage metabolic reprogramming were absent in the presence of adenine. Phosphorylation of metabolic signalling proteins AMPK, p38 MAPK and AKT were not responsible for the suppressed metabolic activity of adenine-treated macrophages. Altogether, in this study we highlight the immunomodulating capacity of adenine in human macrophages and its function in driving cellular quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Harber
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Amsterdam, UMC, Netherlands; Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, UMC, Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thuc-Anh Nguyen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bauke V Schomakers
- Department of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daan A F Heister
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Department of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Amsterdam, UMC, Netherlands; Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, UMC, Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, UMC, Netherlands.
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Amsterdam, UMC, Netherlands; Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, UMC, Netherlands.
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6
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Gong Y, Yu D, Cui J, Song Z, Tang Q, Liao X, Xin N, Gao F. Label-free SERS detection of apolipoprotein A4 based on DNAzyme-driven molecular machine. Talanta 2024; 266:125131. [PMID: 37651915 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A4 has a wide range of synaptic toxicity and can be used as a reliable molecular biomarker for the detection of depressive disorder. It has certain clinical requirements for simple, rapid and selective detection of apolipoprotein A4. Here, based on the DNA biped walker driven by DNAzyme, we designed a label-free surface-enhanced Raman scatting sensor for rapid detection of apolipoprotein A4. Compared with the typical DNA walker, the biped DNA walker has the advantages of large walking range and high magnification efficiency. The magnesium-dependent DNAzyme drives the DNA walker, which can cut the MBs sequentially. The resulting MBs fragments were then hybridized with AuNPs modified by repetitive adenine to make Au NPs proliferate on the substrate surface, resulting in a large number of cycles. Using 736 cm-1 adenine as the internal marker, surface enhanced Raman scattering analysis showed that the linear detection range of human apolipoprotein A4 was 10∼1000 ng mL-1, the detection limit was 4.7 pg/mL, and it had significant specificity, which could meet the needs of clinical detection and showed great application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxun Gong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Dehong Yu
- The Affiliated Pizhou Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221399, China
| | - Jiuying Cui
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Zichun Song
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Qianli Tang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Xianjiu Liao
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China.
| | - Ning Xin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Fenglei Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, China.
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Nageeb MM, Talaat A, Reda SM, Elsammak GA. Infliximab abrogates adenine-induced chronic kidney disease via modulation of the MAPK/JNK/ASK signaling pathway in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024; 397:207-219. [PMID: 37401969 PMCID: PMC10771379 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prominent cause of death worldwide. Infliximab is one of the anti-TNF-α; herein, we studied the effect of infliximab on adenine-induced CKD. To inspect the role of infliximab, either ameliorative or curative, on CDK induced with adenine. Thirty Wistar albino rats were separated into five groups of 6 rats' each: rats of group Ι were kept as control given saline, rats of group II were treated with infliximab (5 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 weeks, rats of group ΙΙΙ (the diseased group) had an adenine containing diet (0.25% W/W in feed) for 5 weeks, rats of group ΙV (the ameliorative group) had an adenine-containing diet and infliximab (5 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 weeks simultaneously, and rats of group V (the curative group) had adenine containing diet then a single dose of infliximab (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was given in the 6th week. Infliximab treatment revealed a decrease in the plasma levels of urea, creatinine, NGAL, and MDA with a substantial increase in TAC. Also, inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and NF-κB were significantly decreased with the down-regulation of the ASK1/MAPK/JNK pathway. Caspase 3 was downregulated. Also, infliximab treatment exhibited improvement in the histological and immunohistochemical kidney changes. Through its involvement in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, infliximab has an ameliorative and curative effect on CKD induced with adenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahitab M Nageeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Aliaa Talaat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar M Reda
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Elsammak
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Sabra MS, Hemida FK, Allam EAH. Adenine model of chronic renal failure in rats to determine whether MCC950, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, is a renopreventive. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:377. [PMID: 38114914 PMCID: PMC10731818 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic renal failure (CRF) is defined by a significant decline in renal function that results in decreased salt filtration and inhibition of tubular reabsorption, which ultimately causes volume enlargement. This study evaluated the potential renopreventive effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 in adenine-induced CRF in rats due to conflicting evidence on the effects of MCC950 on the kidney. METHODS Since the majority of the kidney tubular abnormalities identified in people with chronic renal disease are comparable to those caused by adding 0.75 percent of adenine powder to a rat's diet each day for four weeks, this method has received broad approval as a model for evaluating kidney damage. Throughout the test, blood pressure was checked weekly and at the beginning. Additionally, oxidative stress factors, urine sample examination, histological modifications, and immunohistochemical adjustments of caspase-3 and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) levels in renal tissues were carried out. RESULTS Results revealed that MCC950, an inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, had a renopreventive effect, which was demonstrated by a reduction in blood pressure readings and an improvement in urine, serum, and renal tissue indicators that indicate organ damage. This was also demonstrated by the decrease in neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin tubular expression (NGAL). The NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 was found to significantly alleviate the worsening renal cellular alterations evidenced by increased expression of caspase-3 and IL-1, according to immunohistochemical tests. CONCLUSION The NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 demonstrated renopreventive effects in the CRF rat model, suggesting that it might be used as a treatment strategy to stop the progression of CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S Sabra
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Fahmy K Hemida
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Essmat A H Allam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
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Shulaeva MM, Zueva IV, Nikolaev AE, Saifina LF, Sharafutdinova DR, Babaev VM, Semenov VE, Petrov KA. Conjugates of nucleobases with triazole-hydroxamic acids for the reactivation of acetylcholinesterase and treatment of delayed neurodegeneration induced by organophosphate poisoning. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106858. [PMID: 37774432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of new uncharged conjugates of adenine, 3,6-dimetyl-, 1,6-dimethyl- and 6-methyluracil with 1,2,4-triazole-3-hydroxamic and 1,2,3-triazole-4-hydroxamic acid moieties were synthesized and studied as reactivators of organophosphate-inhibited cholinesterase. It is shown that triazole-hydroxamic acids can reactivate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by paraoxon (POX) in vitro, offering reactivation constants comparable to those of pralidoxime (2-PAM). However, in contrast to 2-PAM, triazole-hydroxamic acids demonstrated the ability to reactivate AChE in the brain of rats poisoned with POX. At a dose of 200 mg/kg (i.v.), the lead compound 3e reactivated 22.6 ± 7.3% of brain AChE in rats poisoned with POX. In a rat model of POX-induced delayed neurodegeneration, compound 3e reduced the neuronal injury labeled with FJB upon double administration 1 and 3 h after poisoning. Compound 3e was also shown to prevent memory impairment of POX-poisoned rats as tested in a Morris water maze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M Shulaeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Zueva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Anton E Nikolaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Liliya F Saifina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Dilyara R Sharafutdinova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily M Babaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav E Semenov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation.
| | - Konstantin A Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation; Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str., 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
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10
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Borde M, Singh SK. Enhanced production of cordycepin under solid-state fermentation of Cordyceps militaris by using combinations of grains/substrates. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2765-2772. [PMID: 37930616 PMCID: PMC10689326 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript deals with cordycepin, an interesting secondary compound produced from entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps. It has attracted commercial interest due to its immense pharmacological importance beneficial to human health. In this study, the contents of cordycepin and its derivatives, like adenine and adenosine, were evaluated through solid-state fermentation using combinations of various grains as substrate. Treatment with grain combination numbers 2, 7, 8, and 9 exhibited higher cordycepin content (1.621, 1.929, 1.895, and 1.996 mg/g cordycepin, respectively) than control (rice). The grain combination number 7 exhibited significantly higher adenine content (700 mg/g) than the control and all other combinations. Treatments with grain combination numbers 2, 5, and 7 exhibited higher adenosine content (2.719, 2.938, and 3.392 mg/g, respectively); however, no significant increase in adenosine content was noted in any treatments. The biomass including fresh mycelium and fruit body was found higher in grain combination numbers 7 and 9, leading to enhanced cordycepin content. Overall, the increase in the fresh biomass significantly enhanced cordycepin accumulation. The level of cordycepin was recorded as higher than that of its derivatives, adenosine and adenine. The grain combination of rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, and sugarcane bagasse added to basal medium exhibited the highest cordycepin content and was found suitable for solid-state fermentation of Cordyceps militaris. To our understanding, the present study is the first to use combinations of cereals for the production of cordycepin from C. militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Borde
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India, Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, 411004, India.
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11
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Samaha MM, Nour OA, Sewilam HM, El-Kashef DH. Diacerein mitigates adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in rats: Focus on TLR4/MYD88/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway. Life Sci 2023; 331:122080. [PMID: 37690574 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious problem which negatively affects human health. AIMS The purpose of this investigation was to explore the possible beneficial impacts of diacerein on adenine-induced CKD in rats. MAIN METHODS 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into 4 groups; normal, diseased (200 mg/kg adenine, orally) and diacerein (25 and 50 mg/kg, orally). KEY FINDINGS Adenine produced marked reduction in rats' body weights and a substantial increase in kidney/body weight index. Additionally, adenine significantly increased serum creatinine and BUN levels besides proteinuria levels, and also reduced creatinine clearance. Adenine induced oxidative stress as evidenced by increased MDA content and diminished GSH concentration in renal tissues. These biochemical measurements were confirmed by the morphological and histopathological results. Moreover, adenine revealed substantial elevation in renal level and expression of MYD88, TRAF6 and TNF-α, and renal level of IL-1β in addition to increased expression of TLR4, NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 while reduced the expression of IκB-α. Diacerein in a dose-dependent manner effectively ameliorated adenine-induced alterations. SIGNIFICANCE Diacerein could be used as a therapeutic agent to attenuate CKD after further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Samaha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Omnia A Nour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Haitham M Sewilam
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Dalia H El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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12
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Merkus VI, Leupold MS, Rockel SP, Lutze HV, Schmidt TC. Effects of organic matter and alkalinity on the ozonation of antiviral purine derivatives as exemplary micropollutant motif. Water Res 2023; 243:120387. [PMID: 37506631 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation of micropollutants strongly depends on the water matrix. Natural organic matter is known to highly affect the hydroxyl radical exposure due to radical promoting and inhibiting effects. Other important matrix components in ozonation are carbonate species which scavenge hydroxyl radicals. However, additional factors such as the formation of other radicals might also play a role but are generally not covered in research or considered in modelling of micropollutant degradation. Hence, the ozonation of purine derivatives, the basic structure of various antiviral micropollutants, in different artificial water matrices is investigated in this study with focus on the impact of natural organic matter and increasing alkalinity on the degradation and product formation. The degradation of purine and adenine is inhibited by bicarbonate in the water matrix due to the anion's scavenging of hydroxyl radicals. This effect is already observed for low bicarbonate concentrations of 0.3 mM. However, formed carbonate radicals contribute to the compounds' degradation and also affect the stability of transformation products. This effect gains in relevance with increasing alkalinity and needs consideration in evaluating ozonation of very hard waters. Three ozonation products are evaluated in detail, which are affected by the matrix due to impacts on ozone stability, hydroxyl radical yield and carbonate radical formation. One product of adenine with the mass 147 was reported for the first time and only occurs in presence of matrix components. Under typical water treatment conditions rough predictions of pollutants' degradation are possible by the Rct concept using ozone and hydroxyl radical exposures. However, other reactive species such as carbonate radicals are not considered leading to deviations between modelled and experimental data at extreme conditions such as industrial wastewater. A general correlation between the Rct and the fraction f of hydroxyl radicals scavenged by bicarbonate (ln(Rct) = - 5.9 × f - 16.3) calculated from the concentration of organic matter and alkalinity was observed for various water samples allowing the estimation of micropollutant degradation during ozone treatment at moderate conditions by simple organic and inorganic carbon measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina I Merkus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael S Leupold
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah P Rockel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger V Lutze
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of environmental analytics and pollutants, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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13
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Ohtake T, Itaba S, Salybekov AA, Sheng Y, Sato T, Yanai M, Imagawa M, Fujii S, Kumagai H, Harata M, Asahara T, Kobayashi S. Repetitive administration of cultured human CD34+ cells improve adenine-induced kidney injury in mice. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:268-280. [PMID: 37181001 PMCID: PMC10173816 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no established treatment to impede the progression or restore kidney function in human chronic kidney disease (CKD).
AIM To examine the efficacy of cultured human CD34+ cells with enhanced proliferating potential in kidney injury in mice.
METHODS Human umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived CD34+ cells were incubated for one week in vasculogenic conditioning medium. Vasculogenic culture significantly increased the number of CD34+ cells and their ability to form endothelial progenitor cell colony-forming units. Adenine-induced tubulointerstitial injury of the kidney was induced in immunodeficient non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice, and cultured human UCB-CD34+ cells were administered at a dose of 1 × 106/mouse on days 7, 14, and 21 after the start of adenine diet.
RESULTS Repetitive administration of cultured UCB-CD34+ cells significantly improved the time-course of kidney dysfunction in the cell therapy group compared with that in the control group. Both interstitial fibrosis and tubular damage were significantly reduced in the cell therapy group compared with those in the control group (P < 0.01). Microvasculature integrity was significantly preserved (P < 0.01) and macrophage infiltration into kidney tissue was dramatically decreased in the cell therapy group compared with those in the control group (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION Early intervention using human cultured CD34+ cells significantly improved the progression of tubulointerstitial kidney injury. Repetitive administration of cultured human UCB-CD34+ cells significantly improved tubulointerstitial damage in adenine-induced kidney injury in mice via vasculoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayasu Ohtake
- Regenerative Medicine, The Center for Cell Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan
- Kidney Disease and Transplant center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan
- Regenerative Medicine, Shonan Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoichi Itaba
- Kamakura Techno-science Inc., Kamakura 248-0036, Japan
| | - Amankeldi A Salybekov
- Regenerative Medicine, Shonan Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yin Sheng
- Advanced Medicine Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Regenerative Medicine, Shonan Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Yanai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo 004-0041, Japan
| | - Makoto Imagawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo 004-0041, Japan
| | - Shigeo Fujii
- Kamakura Techno-science Inc., Kamakura 248-0036, Japan
| | | | | | - Takayuki Asahara
- Regenerative Medicine, Shonan Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan
- Cell Processing and Cell/Genome Analysis Center, The Center for Cell Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuzo Kobayashi
- Regenerative Medicine, Shonan Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan
- Kidney Disease and Transplant Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanazawa, Japan
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Chou LF, Huang CW, Yang HY, Tian YC, Chang MY, Hung CC, Chen KH, Hsu SH, Tsai CY, Ko YC, Chen TW, Yang CW. Transcriptome landscape reveals the chronic inflammatory response in kidneys affected by the combinatory effect of leptospirosis and nephrotoxic injury. Genomics 2023; 115:110624. [PMID: 37062365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis can cause chronic kidney damage, putting patients at risk of additional kidney injury due to other factors that can lead to renal failure. To understand the combined effect, the transcriptome profiles of kidneys of mice with adenine-induced and chronically Leptospira-infected kidneys were analysed. Chronic inflammation and T-helper 17 immune responses were activated and a high-level expression of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 protein was found. The results indicate that the combination may predispose patients to chronic inflammation, kidney function disruption, and symptoms seen in progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, immunometabolic regulation may contribute to renal injury caused by chronic leptospirosis with secondary nephrotoxic injury. This study identified several significantly disrupted genes that could serve as potential targets for the diagnosis or treatment of CKD. Our work provides insight into the combined effect of leptospirosis and secondary kidney damage and the molecular basis for rapid progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Chou
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chung Tian
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Chang
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Hung
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Hsing Hsu
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Tsai
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Ko
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS(2)B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu;, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Atteia HH, Alamri ES, Sirag N, Zidan NS, Aljohani RH, Alzahrani S, Arafa MH, Mohammad NS, Asker ME, Zaitone SA, Sakr AT. Soluble guanylate cyclase agonist, isoliquiritigenin attenuates renal damage and aortic calcification in a rat model of chronic kidney failure. Life Sci 2023; 317:121460. [PMID: 36716925 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing fatal health problem worldwide associated with vascular calcification. Therapeutic approaches are limited with higher costs and poor outcomes. Adenine supplementation is one of the most relevant CKD models to human. Insufficient Nitric Oxide (NO)/ cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) signaling plays a key role in rapid development of renal fibrosis. Natural products display proven protection against CKD. Current study therefore explored isoliquiritigenin, a bioflavonoid extracted from licorice roots, potential as a natural activator for soluble Guanylate Cyclase (sGC) in a CKD rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 male Wistar rats were grouped into Control group (n = 10) and the remaining rats received adenine (200 mg/kg, p.o) for 2 wk to induce CKD. They were equally sub-grouped into: Adenine untreated group and 4 groups orally treated by isoliquiritigenin low or high dose (20 or 40 mg/kg) with/without a selective sGC inhibitor, ODQ (1-H(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)-quinoxalin-1-one, 2 mg/kg, i.p) for 8 wk. KEY FINDINGS Long-term treatment with isoliquiritigenin dose-dependently and effectively amended adenine-induced chronic renal and endothelial dysfunction. It not only alleviated renal fibrosis and apoptosis markers but also aortic calcification. Additionally, this chalcone neutralized renal inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Isoliquiritigenin beneficial effects were associated with up-regulation of serum NO, renal and aortic sGC, cGMP and its dependent protein kinase (PKG). However, co-treatment with ODQ antagonized isoliquiritigenin therapeutic impact. SIGNIFICANCE Isoliquiritigenin seems to exert protective effects against CKD and vascular calcification by activating sGC, increasing cGMP and its downstream PKG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah Husseini Atteia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt.
| | - Eman Saad Alamri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar Sirag
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Salah Zidan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Specific Education, Kafr ElSheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Sharifa Alzahrani
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Hamed Arafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt
| | - Nanies Sameeh Mohammad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt
| | - Mervat Elsayed Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Tawfik Sakr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Menoufia, Egypt
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Cui J, Sun L, Sun Q, Xiong Y. Adenine derived reactive dispersant and the enhancement of graphene based composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:91-9. [PMID: 36842421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Homogeneous dispersion of graphene is the precondition for constructing high performance graphene based composites. However, most of the current dispersants reported in literature still suffer excess usage to reach a desired graphene concentration. Residual of dispersant in composite may seriously affect its properties. Hence, it is expected to obtain effective dispersant with high reactivity to diminish its adverse impacts on graphene composites. EXPERIMENTS A highly reactive graphene dispersant (DSiA) was synthesized by grafting silanol groups (Si-OH) onto adenine. Molecular structure and the performance of the dispersant were systematically characterized. Composites were fabricated by direct writing of the graphene dispersion on various substrates, and their features were evaluated by resistance, solvent erosion and tensile testing. FINDINGS Graphene concentration can reach up to 6 mg mL-1 in the presents of DSiA at the weight ratio of 1:1 (DSiA: graphene). DSiA also exhibited good performance for stabilizing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Moreover, the dispersant is highly reactive. The graphene based composites showed good mechanical strength and excellent solvent resistance. Overall, the new dispersant provides an ideal choice to uniformly disperse graphene and suitable for fabricating high performance nanocarbon based composites.
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17
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Gessner P, Lum J, Frenguelli BG. The mammalian purine salvage pathway as an exploitable route for cerebral bioenergetic support after brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2023; 224:109370. [PMID: 36493858 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purine-based molecules play ancient, fundamental, and evolutionarily-conserved roles across life on Earth, ranging from DNA and RNA, to the universal energy currency, ATP. In mammals, the two primary routes for the synthesis of the adenine nucleotides ATP, ADP and AMP, and, as a consequence, the major bioactive metabolite adenosine, are the de novo purine biosynthesis (DNPB) pathway, and the purine salvage pathway (PSP). Of the two, the PSP dominates in both the mammalian brain and heart. This is because the PSP utilizes the breakdown products of ATP, occasioned by the high energy demands of these organs, to rapidly regenerate adenine nucleotides. This resynthesis route, while efficient and energetically favourable, leaves these organs vulnerable to loss of salvageable metabolites, with the potential for protracted depletion of the means to synthesize ATP, and the ability to deploy neuro- and cardioprotective adenosine. Having previously shown that hippocampal cellular ATP and adenosine release can be increased by supplying substrates for the PSP (d-ribose and adenine), we now explore the expression of DNPB and PSP enzymes in hippocampal neurons and astrocytes based on available transcriptomic data. We find that key enzymes of the PSP are expressed at higher levels than those in the DNPB pathway, and that PSP enzymes are expressed at higher levels in neurons than in astrocytes. These data reflect the importance of the PSP in the mammalian brain and imply that pharmacological targeting of the PSP may be particularly beneficial to neurons at times of metabolic stress. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Purinergic Signaling: 50 years'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gessner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jenni Lum
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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Lai H, Niu Y, Ming P, Wang J, Wang S, Xu Y, Zhai H. An electrochemical sensor for purine base detection with ZIF-8-derived hollow N-doped carbon dodecahedron and AuNPs as electrocatalysts. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:855-865. [PMID: 36572769 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel electrochemical sensor was constructed for the detection of purine bases. Ultrafine carbide nanocrystals confined within porous nitrogen-doped carbon dodecahedrons (PNCD) were synthesized by adding molybdate to ZIF-8 followed by annealing. With MoC-based PNCDs (MC-PNCDs) as the carrier, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were deposited on the electrode surface via potentiostatic deposition as the promoter of electron transfer, forming a AuNPs/MC-PNCDs/activated glassy carbon electrode (AGCE) sensor. MC-PNCDs had a large specific surface area, which combined with the excellent electrocatalytic activity of AuNPs, synergistically improved the electrocatalytic activity. The morphology and structure of the electrode surface modifier were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, and electrochemical characterization. Under the optimal conditions, the linear detection range of guanine (G) and adenine (A) was 0.5-160.0 μM, and the detection limits (S/N=3) were 72.1 and 69.6 nM, respectively. AuNPs/MC-PNCDs/AGCE was successfully constructed, and was used to simultaneously detect G and A with high sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, the sensor was successfully used to detect G and A in herring sperm DNA samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohong Lai
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Niu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pingtao Ming
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinhao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shumei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China.
| | - Haiyun Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Ashour WM, Zamzam MSA, Sayed Ali HEEDE, Ebrahim RH. Effect of fetuin-A on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease model in male rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2023; 26:511-516. [PMID: 37051102 PMCID: PMC10083833 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.66346.14584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the possible effects of fetuin-A on an adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) model in male rats. Materials and Methods Rats were divided into three groups: group A included rats fed a normal diet; group B included rats fed a normal diet with 220 mg/kg adenine daily for 21 days; group C included rats fed a normal diet with 220 mg/kg adenine daily for 21 days and intraperitoneally administered with 5 mg\kg fetuin-A every other day for 2 weeks. Serum samples were assayed for serum creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and immunohistochemical staining was performed. Results Group B showed a significant increase in serum creatinine, urea, phosphorus, potassium, TNF, and IL-6 and a significant decrease in serum sodium, calcium, and eGFR compared with group A. Regarding immunohistochemistry, group B showed increased apoptosis. In group C, fetuin-A reduced the urea, creatinine, and phosphorus levels, and in group C, fetuin-A decreased inflammation and apoptosis by reduction of caspase-3 staining. Conclusion Fetuin-A improved kidney function in CKD due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam M.R Ashour
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig university, Sharqia government, Egypt
| | | | | | - Reham Hassan Ebrahim
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig university, Sharqia government, Egypt
- Corresponding author: Reham Hassan Ebrahim. Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig university, Sharqia government, Egypt.
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Abstract
Inborn errors of purine metabolism, either deficiencies of synthesis or catabolism pathways, lead to a wide spectrum of clinical presentations: urolithiasis (adenine phosphoribosyltransferase), primary immune deficiency (adenosine deaminase deficiency and purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency), severe intellectual disability, and other neurological symptoms (Lesch-Nyhan disease, adenylosuccinase deficiency, and molybdenum cofactor deficiency). A rapid quantitative purine assay was developed using UPLC-MS/MS to determine purine nucleoside and base concentrations in urine. Taking advantages of ultra-performance liquid chromatography, we achieved satisfactory analyte separation and recovery with a polar T3 column in a short run time with no requirement of time-consuming sample preparation or derivatization. This targeted assay is intended for diagnosis and management of purine diseases, newborn screening follow-up of SCID, and evaluation of autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Sun
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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Yang JY, Chen CC, Chang SC, Yeh JT, Huang HF, Lin HC, Lin SH, Lin YH, Wei LG, Liu TJ, Hung SY, Yang HM, Chang HH, Wang CH, Tzeng YS, Huang CH, Chou CY, Lin YS, Yang SY, Chen HM, Lin JT, Cheng YF, Young GH, Huang CF, Kuo YC, Dai NT. ENERGI-F703 gel, as a new topical treatment for diabetic foot and leg ulcers: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase II trial. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 51:101497. [PMID: 35844773 PMCID: PMC9284381 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot and leg ulcers are a major cause of disability among patients with diabetes mellitus. A topical gel called ENERGI-F703, applied twice daily and with adenine as its active pharmaceutical ingredient, accelerated wound healing in diabetic mice. The current study evaluated the safety and efficacy of ENERGI-F703 for patients with diabetic foot and leg ulcers. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, multicenter, phase II trial recruited patients from eight medical centers in Taiwan. Patients with intractable diabetic foot and leg ulcers (Wagner Grade 1-3 without active osteomyelitis) were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive topical ENERGI-F703 gel or vehicle gel twice daily for 12 weeks or until complete ulcer closure. The investigator, enrolled patients and site personnel were masked to treatment allocation. Intention to treat (ITT) population and safety population were patient to primary analyses and safety analyses, respectively. Primary outcome was complete ulcer closure rate at the end of treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02672436. FINDINGS Starting from March 15th, 2017 to December 26th, 2019, 141 patients were enrolled as safety population and randomized into ENERGI-F703 gel (n = 95) group or vehicle gel (n = 46) group. In ITT population, ENERGI-F703 (n = 90) and vehicle group showed ulcer closure rates of 36.7% (95% CI = 26.75% - 47.49%) and 26.2% (95% CI = 13.86% - 42.04%) with difference of 9.74 % (95 % CI = -6.74% - 26.23%) and 25% quartiles of the time to complete ulcer closure of 69 days and 84 days, respectively. There were 25 (26.3%) patients in ENERGI-F703 group and 11 (23.9%) patients in vehicle group experiencing serious adverse events and five deaths occurred during the study period, none of them related to the treatment. INTERPRETATION Our study suggests that ENERGI-F703 gel is a safe and well-tolerated treatment for chronic diabetic foot and leg ulcers. Further studies are needed to corroborate our findings in light of limitations. FUNDING Energenesis Biomedical Co., Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yung Yang
- Division of General Plastic Surgery, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cha-Chun Chen
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Shin Kong Memorial Wu Ho-Su Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Cheng Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Ting Yeh
- Division of Trauma Plastic Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fu Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwang-Chi Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Shin Kong Memorial Wu Ho-Su Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsi Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Shin Kong Memorial Wu Ho-Su Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Shin Kong Memorial Wu Ho-Su Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Gwei Wei
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tom J. Liu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Mei Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsiu Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Wang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Sheng Tzeng
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Huei Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Chou
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Sheng Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Yang
- Division of General Plastic Surgery, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ya-Chun Kuo
- Energenesis Biomedical Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Niann-Tzyy Dai
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Correspondence author at: No.325, Sec.2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan.
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22
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Chen J, Li S, Chen Y, Yang J, Dong J. Highly selective detection of adenine and guanine by NH 2-MIL-53(Fe)/CS/MXene nanocomposites with excellent electrochemical performance. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:328. [PMID: 35962293 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are mainly found in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) and play a crucial role in genetic information transfer and protein synthesis. In this study, NH2-MIL-53(Fe)/CS/MXene nanocomposites were prepared for detecting guanine and adenine. With high specific surface area, excellent water dispersion, and numerous active sites, MXene (transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides) provides a good platform for loading primitive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). At the same time, the problem of poor conductivity and dispersion of MOFs is solved. The electrochemical catalytic oxidation of adenine and guanine of NH2-MIL-53 (Fe)/CS/MXene nanocomposites was carried out by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Operating voltage of DPV: 0.7-0.9 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for G, 1.0-1.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for A, 0.8 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), and 1.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for G and A. The concentration ranges for detecting A and G were 3-118 μM and 2-120 μM with detection limits of 0.57 μM and 0.17 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. The nanocomposite was used for detecting G and A in herring sperm DNA, and the content of G and A was found to be about 9 and 11 μM; the RSD values were 3.4 and 1.3%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuying Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
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23
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Kaimal R, Mansukhlal PN, Aljafari B, Anandan S, Ashokkumar M. Ultrasound-aided synthesis of gold-loaded boron-doped graphene quantum dots interface towards simultaneous electrochemical determination of guanine and adenine biomolecules. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 83:105921. [PMID: 35066331 PMCID: PMC8783145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To acquire substantial electrochemical signals of guanine-GUA and adenine-ADE present in deoxyribonucleic acid-DNA, it is critical to investigate innovative electrode materials and their interfaces. In this study, gold-loaded boron-doped graphene quantum dots (Au@B-GQDs) interface was prepared via ultrasound-aided reduction method for monitoring GUA and ADE electrochemically. Transmission electron microscopy-TEM, Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy-UV-Vis, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy-XPS, cyclic voltammetry-CV, and differential pulse voltammetry-DPV were used to examine the microstructure of the fabricated interfaceand demonstrate its electrochemical characteristics. The sensor was constructed by depositing the as-prepared Au@B-GQDs as a thin layer on a glassy carbon-GC electrode by the drop-casting method and carried out the electrochemical studies. The resulting sensor exhibited a good response with a wide linear range (GUA = 0.5-20 μM, ADE = 0.1-20 μM), a low detection limit-LOD (GUA = 1.71 μM, ADE = 1.84 μM), excellent sensitivity (GUA = 0.0820 µAµM-1, ADE = 0.1561 µAµM-1) and selectivity with common interferents results from biological matrixes. Furthermore, it seems to have prominentselectivity, reproducibility, repeatability, and long-lastingstability. The results demonstrate that the fabricated Au@B-GQDs/GC electrode is a simple and effective sensing platform for detecting GUA and ADE in neutral media at low potential as it exhibited prominent synergistic impact and outstanding electrocatalytic activity corresponding to individual AuNPs and B-GQDs modified electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Kaimal
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | - Patel Nishant Mansukhlal
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | - Belqasem Aljafari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India.
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24
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Huang L, Qiu S, Liu Z, Wu S, Tang Q, Liao X, Gao F. Proximity hybridization induced DNA assembly for label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339314. [PMID: 35033249 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In our research, label-free and surface-enhanced Raman dyes-free Raman spectroscopy which was used to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) according to poly adenine (Poly A)-regulated self-assembly methods was developed and studied. CEA induced partial hybridization of Ab-H2 and Ab-H1, and Ab-H1-CEA-Ab-H2 (a sandwich proximity CEA-DNA complex) was formed, which unfolded molecular beacon 1 (MB1) and modified the substrate. Subsequently, MB2-AuNPs were hybridized with MB1, and Ab-H1-CEA-Ab-H2 was released via toehold regulated displacements of DNA strands. Therefore, hybridization processes of MB2 and MB1 were induced and promoted by CEA-DNA complexes which worked as catalysts. The misplaced target then induced a next round of strand exchange, and the signals for determination of CEA were amplified by AuNPs absorbed on the substrate. It was indicated that the spectral characteristics of adenine at 736 cm-1 were consistent with the SERS spectrum of DNA. Adenine acted as an internal marker for label-free SERS detection of CEA. Moreover, satisfactory stability and reproducibility were found. Meanwhile, the antibody could specifically recognize the corresponding antigen. Since adenine was dominant in SERS spectra, which was also proximal to Au surface, the sensitivity of the novel method was high without modifications. The analytical performance of this method in determining serum CEA was satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjian Huang
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-Incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 533000, Baise, China
| | - Shang Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shengyue Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qianli Tang
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-Incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 533000, Baise, China
| | - Xianjiu Liao
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-Incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 533000, Baise, China.
| | - Fenglei Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, China.
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25
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Tippen SP, Metzger CE, Swallow EA, Sacks SA, Wallace JM, Allen MR. The combination of aging and chronic kidney disease leads to an exacerbated cortical porosity phenotype. Bone 2022; 154:116228. [PMID: 34624561 PMCID: PMC8671241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and aging are each independently associated with higher fracture risk. Although CKD is highly prevalent in the aging population, the interaction between these two conditions with respect to bone structure and mechanics is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine cortical porosity and mechanical properties in skeletally mature young and aging mice with CKD. METHODS CKD was induced by feeding 16-week and 78-week male mice 0.2% adenine (AD) for six weeks followed by two weeks of maintenance on a control diet for a total study duration of eight weeks of CKD; control (CON) animals of each age were fed a standard diet. Serum biochemistries, μCT imaging, and mechanical properties via four-point bending were assessed at the endpoint. RESULTS Phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and blood urea nitrogen were elevated in both ages of AD mice compared to age-matched CON; aging AD mice had PTH and BUN values higher than all other groups. Femoral cortical porosity was more than four-fold higher in aging AD mice compared to young AD mice and more than two-fold higher compared to age-matched controls. Structural and estimated material mechanical properties were both lower in aging mice, but there were no significant interactions between AD treatment and age. CONCLUSION These data show an interaction between CKD and aging that produces a more severe biochemical and cortical bone phenotype. This highlights the importance of studying mechanisms and potential interventions in both young and aged animals to translate to a broader spectrum of CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha P Tippen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Swallow
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Spencer A Sacks
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Medicine/Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 4620, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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26
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Zhang Y, Sun L, Xiang X, Bao Y, Guo X. Adenine shares the plane with G-quartet detected by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Talanta 2021; 235:122777. [PMID: 34517634 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) formed by guanine(G)-rich sequences show diversity of structural topologies. The detection of structural details is of great significance for understanding of their functions and for the target drug design, but is very challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) via Ag IANPs as substrates is able to identify the numbers of Adenine (A) located on the G-quartet of the G4s. Eight G4s are selected for SERS studies. Besides the detection of series of characteristic bands indicating the formation of G4s, the intensity of the band represented A base ring breath (νA, ~733 cm-1) is observed particularly enhanced when there are A bases coplanar with G-quartet, and which is higher than the intensity of the band corresponding to G base ring breath (νG, ~655 cm-1). Furthermore, the band intensity ratio of νA to νG versus the ratio of the numbers of A on the plane to the sum of numbers of A and G shows very good linear relationship. Thus, based on the band intensities of νA to νG and their ratio in the SERS spectrum, the G-quadruplexes with or without a coplanar A base and numbers of A bases on the plane of G-quartet can be facilely identified. The method is simple, fast, low cost and sensitive to provide particular details of the structure in aqueous solution, therefore, implies widespread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Likang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Ying Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Xinhua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, PR China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
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27
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Suzuki S, Inoue K, Tamai I, Shirasaka Y. Model Analysis of the Apparent Saturation Kinetics of Purine Nucleobase Uptake in Cells co-Expressing Transporter and Metabolic Enzyme. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1585-1592. [PMID: 34435306 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03086-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to understand the effect of salvage enzyme activity on the saturable kinetics of facilitated cellular uptake of purine nucleobase by developing a cellular kinetic model incorporating equilibrative nucleobase transporter 1 (ENBT1) and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), with adenine as a model nucleobase. METHODS A cellular kinetic model incorporating the functions of ENBT1 and APRT was developed using Napp software and employed for model-based analysis of the cellular disposition of adenine. RESULTS Simulation analysis using the developed cellular kinetic model could account for the experimentally observed time-dependent changes in the Km(app) value of adenine for ENBT1-mediated uptake. At a long experimental time, the model shows that uptake of adenine is rate-limited by APRT, enabling determination of the Km value for APRT. At early time, the rate-limiting step for adenine uptake is ENBT1-mediated transport, enabling determination of the Km value for ENBT1. Further simulations showed that the effect of experimental time on the Km(app) value for ENBT1-mediated uptake is dependent on the APRT expression level. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that both enzyme expression levels and experimental time should be considered when using cellular uptake studies to determine the Km values of purine nucleobases for facilitated transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Inoue
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan. .,School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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28
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Mao B, Qian L, Govindhan M, Liu Z, Chen A. Simultaneous electrochemical detection of guanine and adenine using reduced graphene oxide decorated with AuPt nanoclusters. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:276. [PMID: 34319444 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive electrochemical sensing platform is reported based on bimetallic gold-platinum nanoclusters (AuPtNCs) dispersed on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the simultaneous detection of guanine and adenine using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The synthesis of AuPtNCs-rGO nanocomposite was achieved by a simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and metal ions (Au3+ and Pt4+) in an aqueous solution. The developed AuPtNCs-rGO electrochemical sensor with the optimized 50:50 bimetallic (Au:Pt) nanoclusters exhibited an outstanding electrocatalytic performance towards the simultaneous oxidation of guanine and adenine without the aid of any enzymes or mediators in physiological pH. The electrochemical sensor platform showed low detection limits of 60 nM and 100 nM (S/N = 3) for guanine and adenine, respectively, with high sensitivity and an extensive linear range from 1.0 μM to 0.2 mM for both guanine and adenine. The interference from the most common electrochemically active interferents, including ascorbic acid, uric acid, and dopamine, was almost negligible. The simultaneous sensing of guanine and adenine in denatured Salmon Sperm DNA sample was successfully achieved using the proposed platform, showing that the AuPtNCs-rGO nanocomposite could provide auspicious clinical diagnosis and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Lanting Qian
- Electrochemical Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Maduraiveeran Govindhan
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Zhonggang Liu
- Electrochemical Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Aicheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada. .,Electrochemical Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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29
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Tang H, Zhang P, Zeng L, Zhao Y, Xie L, Chen B. Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate renal fibrosis by galectin-3/Akt/GSK3β/Snail signaling pathway in adenine-induced nephropathy rat. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:409. [PMID: 34271976 PMCID: PMC8283866 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is one of the main pathological features of various progressive renal damages and chronic kidney diseases. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been verified with significant improvement in the therapy of fibrosis diseases, but the mechanism is still unclear. We attempted to explore the new mechanism and therapeutic target of MSCs against renal fibrosis based on renal proteomics. METHODS TIF model was induced by adenine gavage. Bone marrow-derived MSCs was injected by tail vein after modeling. Renal function and fibrosis related parameters were assessed by Masson, Sirius red, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Renal proteomics was analyzed using iTRAQ-based mass spectrometry. Further possible mechanism was explored by transfected galectin-3 gene for knockdown (Gal-3 KD) and overexpression (Gal-3 OE) in HK-2 cells with lentiviral vector. RESULTS MSCs treatment clearly decreased the expression of α-SMA, collagen type I, II, III, TGF-β1, Kim-1, p-Smad2/3, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα compared with model rats, while p38 MAPK increased. Proteomics showed that only 40 proteins exhibited significant differences (30 upregulated, 10 downregulated) compared MSCs group with the model group. Galectin-3 was downregulated significantly in renal tissues and TGF-β1-induced rat tubular epithelial cells and interstitial fibroblasts, consistent with the iTRAQ results. Gal-3 KD notably inhibited the expression of p-Akt, p-GSK3β and snail in TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells fibrosis. On the contrary, Gal-3 OE obviously increased the expression of p-Akt, p-GSK3β and snail. CONCLUSION The mechanism of MSCs anti-renal fibrosis was probably mediated by galectin-3/Akt/GSK3β/Snail signaling pathway. Galectin-3 may be a valuable target for treating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Tang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Lingxiang Road, Matan Long District, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 646000
| | - Peiyue Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Lingxiang Road, Matan Long District, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 646000
| | - Lianlin Zeng
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Lingxiang Road, Matan Long District, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 646000
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Lingxiang Road, Matan Long District, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 646000
| | - Libo Xie
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Lingxiang Road, Matan Long District, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 646000.
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Rozenberg M, Fausto R, Reva I. Variable temperature FTIR spectra of polycrystalline purine nucleobases and estimating strengths of individual hydrogen bonds. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 251:119323. [PMID: 33508682 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the first part of this work, we report the FTIR spectra of pure NH and isotopically substituted ND (10-15% D and 80-90% D) polycrystalline hypoxanthine, xanthine, adenine and guanine recorded in the 400-4000 cm-1 range, as a function of temperature (10-300 K). We provide assignments of the stretching and out-of-plane bending amine (NH2) and imine (NH) bands to the distinct H-bonds present in the crystal, based on the temperature sensitivity and isotopic exchange behavior. Empirical correlations between spectral and thermodynamic or structural parameters enabled us to estimate the energies and lengths of H-bonds in the studied nucleobase crystals and to correlate them with literature data. The empirical H-bonding energies are compared with H-bonding and stacking energies computed for hypoxanthine. In the second part, strategies for using the empirical correlations together with information extracted from quantum mechanical data (in particular from the Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules, QTAIM) for the evaluation of hydrogen bonding properties are discussed, and their advantages and drawbacks pointed out. The justification for a cooperative use of quantum-mechanical calculations with empirical spectra-energy correlations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rozenberg
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jerusalem, Givat Ram 91904, Israel.
| | - R Fausto
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - I Reva
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Lai H, Zhang H, Li G, Hu Y. Bimetallic AgNPs@dopamine modified-halloysite nanotubes-AuNPs for adenine determination using surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:127. [PMID: 33733686 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A bimetallic nanoparticles modified halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) hybrid was prepared by embedding AgNPs and modifying AuNPs on the inner or outer wall of dopamine-modified HNTs (DHNTs) in sequence. The resulting bimetallic AgNPs@DHNTs-AuNPs hybrid as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate exhibited improved enhancement ability over monometallic AgNPs@DHNTs, and DHNTs-AuNPs substrates, with intensity ratios of about 48:1:9 (crystal violet) and 11:1:2 (p-phenylenediamine). The giant SERS effect of AgNPs@DHNTs-AuNPs substrate is probably attributed to the synergetic enhancement of the electromagnetic field (Au/Ag), optical plasmon force, molecular enrichment (HNTs), and charge transfer (NPs-dopamine-molecules). The sensitive and reproductive AgNPs@DHNTs-AuNPs substrate was applied for SERS determination of adenine with a linear range of 0.010-0.50 mg·L-1 and a detection limit of 2.2 μg·L-1. The SERS method enables the rapid determination of adenine in fish, chicken kidney and heart, and serum samples, with recoveries of 83.5-121.6% and relative standard deviations of 2.5-7.9%. The SERS substrate has high value for rapid analysis of food and biomarker determinations. Schematic illustration of the preparation of AgNPs@HNTs-AuNPs for SERS analysis of adenine in complex sample.
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Deng P, Jin W, Liu Z, Gao M, Zhou J. Novel multifunctional adenine-modified chitosan dressings for promoting wound healing. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117767. [PMID: 33712125 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic and intricate process, and newly dressings are urgently needed to promote wound healing over the multiple stages. Herein, two water-soluble adenine-modified chitosan (CS-A) derivatives were synthesized in aqueous solutions and freeze-dried to obtain porous sponge-like dressings. The novel derivatives displayed antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli. Moreover, CS-A derivatives demonstrated excellent hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility, as well as promoted the proliferation of the wound cells by shortening the G1 phase and improving DNA duplication efficiency. The ability of CS-A sponges to promote wound healing was studied in a full-thickness skin defect model. The histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining showed that the wounds treated with CS-A sponges displayed fewer inflammatory cells, and faster regeneration of epithelial tissue, collagen deposition and neovascularization. Therefore, CS-A derivatives have potential application in wound dressings and provide new ideas for the design of multifunctional biomaterials.
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Luo YS, Chen Z, Blanchette AD, Zhou YH, Wright FA, Baker ES, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Relationships between constituents of energy drinks and beating parameters in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-Derived cardiomyocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:111979. [PMID: 33450301 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of energy drinks has been associated with adverse cardiovascular effects; however, little is known about the ingredients that may contribute to these effects. We therefore characterized the chemical profiles and in vitro effects of energy drinks and their ingredients on human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes, and identified the putative active ingredients using a multivariate prediction model. Energy drinks from 17 widely-available over-the-counter brands were evaluated in this study. The concentrations of six common ingredients (caffeine, taurine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, adenine, and L-methionine) were quantified by coupling liquid chromatography with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for the acquisition of LC-MS/MS spectra. In addition, untargeted analyses for each beverage were performed with a platform combining LC, ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry (LC-IMS-MS) measurements. Approximately 300 features were observed across samples in the untargeted studies, and of these ~100 were identified. In vitro effects of energy drinks and some of their ingredients were then tested in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Data on the beat rate (positive and negative chronotropy), ion channel function (QT prolongation), and cytotoxicity were collected in a dilution series. We found that some of the energy drinks elicited adverse effects on the cardiomyocytes with the most common being an increase in the beat rate, while QT prolongation was also observed at the lowest concentrations. Finally, concentration addition modeling using quantitative data from the 6 common ingredients and multivariate prediction modeling was used to determine potential ingredients responsible for the adverse effects on the cardiomyocytes. These analyses suggested theophylline, adenine, and azelate as possibly contributing to the in vitro effects of energy drinks on QT prolongation in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Syuan Luo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Zunwei Chen
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alexander D Blanchette
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yi-Hui Zhou
- Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Fred A Wright
- Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Xin Z, Ruo-Qi L, Cong W, Xiao-Xia M, Ying S, Wen-Xuan S, Xue-Bing W, Dong-Hua L, Xiao M, Ren-Qi W. Simultaneous quantitation of cytokinin bases and their glycoconjugates with stable isotope labelling ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461782. [PMID: 33316559 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are one class of important phytohormones widely investigated in most aspects of plant life. Similar to other phytohormones, CKs and their glycoconjugates are hydrophilic. Their ionization efficiencies for mass spectrometry (MS) detection are rather poor, whereas their retention and separation on reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) are often unsatisfying. Chemical isotope labelling LC-MS analysis methods have been developed for most other phytohormones, enhancing their LC separations and quantitative sensitivity. However, there are currently no reports for chemical-labelled CKs. Here, we report a new chemical isotope labelling LC-MS analytical method for one-pot derivatization of CK bases and their glycoconjugates, based on differential benzylation labelling of the adenine skeleton of CKs with benzyl bromide and its deuterium isotope-labelled reagent. Benzylation alters the hydrophilicity of CKs and their glycoconjugates, improving their retention and separation on RPLC. The developed method demonstrated enhanced sensitivity, as the CKs and their glycoconjugates could be analysed with LODs within the range of 0.62-25.9 pg/mL. The method also demonstrated good intra- and inter-day precisions with standard deviations in the range of 1.9%-13.0%, and acceptable accuracy with recoveries in the range of 84.0%-119.9%. The developed method was employed on the quantitation of CKs in the fresh roots of Astragalus membranaceus collected from both fertilized and unfertilized fields. The significant impact that fertilizers had on endogenous CKs metabolism was observed. As such, monitoring endogenous CKs and their metabolites might be promising to control fertilizer abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Li Ruo-Qi
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Wang Cong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ma Xiao-Xia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Sun Ying
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, PR China
| | | | - Wei Xue-Bing
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Li Dong-Hua
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Ma Xiao
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, PR China.
| | - Wang Ren-Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China; Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China.
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Liao X, Zhang C, Machuki JO, Wen X, Tang Q, Shi H, Gao F. Proximity hybridization-triggered DNA assembly for label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic bioanalysis. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1139:42-49. [PMID: 33190708 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a versatile label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic platform for detecting various biotargets via proximity hybridization-triggered DNA assembly based on the 736 cm-1 Raman peak of adenine breathing mode. We initially immobilized the first probe to AuNPs and modified the second with poly adenine. Presence of target DNA or protein molecules assembled a sandwich complex that brought the poly adenine close to the AuNPs surface, generating Raman signals, that were proportional to target molecule concentration. These approach exhibits high sensitivity, with a detection limit of 5.4 pM, 47 fM, and 0.51 pg/mL for target DNA, thrombin and CEA, respectively. Owing to a one step proximity dependent complex formation, this technique is simple and can be completed within 40 min, making it a promising candidate for point-of-care testing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiu Liao
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-Incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 533000, Baise, China
| | - Caiyi Zhang
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jeremiah Ong'achwa Machuki
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wen
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-Incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 533000, Baise, China
| | - Qianli Tang
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-Incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 533000, Baise, China.
| | - Hengliang Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fenglei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, China.
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Emran MY, El-Safty SA, Selim MM, Minowa T, Elmarakbi A, Shenashen MA. Non-metal sensory electrode design and protocol of DNA-nucleobases in living cells exposed to oxidative stresses. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1142:143-56. [PMID: 33280692 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sensory protocols for evaluation of DNA distortion due to exposure to various harmful chemicals and environments in living cells are needed for research and clinical investigations. Here, a design of non-metal sensory (NMS) electrode was built by using boron-doped carbon spherules for detection of DNA nucleobases, namely, guanine (Gu), adenine (Ad), and thymine (Th) in living cells. The key-electrode based nanoscale NMS structures lead to voids with a facile diffusion, and strong binding events of the DNA nucleobases. Furthermore, the NMS geometric structures would significantly create electrode surfaces with numerous centrally active sites, curvature topographies, and anisotropic spherules. The NMS shows potential as sensitive protocol for DNA-nucleobases in living cells exposed to oxidative stresses. In one-step signaling assay, NMS shows high signaling transduction of Gu-, Ad-, and Th-DNA nucleobases targets with ultra-sensitive and low detection limits of 3.0, 0.36, and 0.34 nM, respectively, and a wide linear range of up to 1 μM. The NMS design and protocol show evidence of the role of surface construction features and B-atoms incorporated into the graphitic carbon network for creating abundant active sites with facile electron diffusion and heavily target loads along with within-/out-plane circular spheres. Indeed NMS, with spherule-rich interstitial surfaces can be used for sensitive and selective evaluation of damaged-DNA to various dysfunctional metabolism in the human body.
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Mu Y, Zhuang Q, Huang S, Hu M, Wang Y, Ni Y. Adenine-stabilized carbon dots for highly sensitive and selective sensing of copper(II) ions and cell imaging. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 239:118531. [PMID: 32498027 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adenine-stabilized carbon dots (A-CDs) are shown to be a viable fluorescent probe for highly sensitive detection and imaging of Cu2+. The probe has a linear fluorometric response in the 1-700 nM concentration range and a 0.3 nM detection limit. The probe, with excitation/emission maxima at 380/435 nm, is highly selective for Cu2+ over other metal ions, anions, amino acids, and biomolecules. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of the A-CDs by Cu2+ is investigated using transmission electron microscopy images coupled with elemental mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray-excited Auger electron spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime, UV-visible spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The experimental results show that the fluorescence quenching is caused by the combination of Cu2+-coordination-induced aggregation of the A-CDs, the reduction of Cu2+ by the A-CDs, and the nonradiative photoinduced electron transfer process from the A-CDs to Cu2+ or metallic Cu. The high sensitivity and high selectivity of the sensor are ascribed to the chemical interactions between the A-CDs and Cu2+, the photophysical process between the A-CDs and Cu2+, and the high fluorescence quantum yield of the A-CDs (44.6%). The A-CDs have excellent water solubility, good stability to variation of pH values, high photostability, fast response time, and low cytotoxicity. They are successfully employed for intracellular imaging of Cu2+ in HepG2 cells and Cu2+ detection in the tap water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Mu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qianfen Zhuang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Saipeng Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, X'ian 710069, China
| | - Mingyue Hu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Yongnian Ni
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Wu F, Xue H, Li X, Diao W, Jiang B, Wang W, Yu W, Bai J, Wang Y, Lian B, Feng W, Sun T, Qu M, Zhao C, Wang Y, Wu J, Gao Z. Enhanced targeted delivery of adenine to hepatocellular carcinoma using glycyrrhetinic acid-functionalized nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110682. [PMID: 32947204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common malignancy in China and globally, is primarily treated through surgical resection and liver transplantation, with chemotherapy as a significant synergistic option. Adenine (Ade), a nucleobase, exhibits antitumor effects by blocking human hepatic carcinoma cells in S phase and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. However, its use is limited owing to its low solubility, poor targeting ability, and nephrotoxicity. Therefore, liver-targeting drug delivery systems have attracted considerable attention for the treatment of HCC. In this study, we explored the liver-targeting efficacy and antitumor effect of adenine-loaded glycyrrhetinic acid-modified hyaluronic acid (Ade/GA-HA) nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. The GA-HA nanoparticles possessed obvious targeting specificity toward liver cancer cells, which was mainly achieved by the specific binding of the GA ligand to the GA receptor that was highly expressed on the liver cell membrane. In vitro and in vivo results showed that Ade/GA-HA nanoparticles could inhibit liver cancer cell proliferation and migration, promote apoptosis, and significantly inhibit the growth of tumor tissues. Altogether, this study is the first to successfully demonstrate that the targeting activity and antitumor effect of Ade against HCC are enhanced by using GA-HA nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hantao Xue
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaocheng Li
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenbin Diao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingkun Bai
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Lian
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Weiguo Feng
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tongyi Sun
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meihua Qu
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang Respiratory Disease Hospital, Weifang 261041, China
| | - Chunling Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yubing Wang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jingliang Wu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Zhiqin Gao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China.
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Shahi MR, Bagheri S. The effect of metal alkali cations on the properties of hydrogen bonds in tautomeric forms of adenine - Guanine mismatch. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 100:107705. [PMID: 32810731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of interactions of Li+, Na+ and K+ cations with two preferred configuration of the A-G mispairs, AantiGanti and AsynGanti, on the geometries and hydrogen bond energies have been studied at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. For each ion type, the most stable complex in AantiGanti and AsynGanti configurations are related to binding cation to N3 atom of guanine and N1 atom of adenine, respectively. The AantiGanti configuration is higher in the absolute values of binding energy than the AsynGanti configuration, indicating that AantiGanti configuration is more stable than AsynGanti ones. The results indicate that the strength of hydrogen bonds depends on the type and position of cations in considered systems. The values of hydrogen bonding energies estimated by the EML formula in AantiGanti mismatch are higher than AsynGanti case. The influences of cations binding in hydrogen bond strength are confirmed by the results of natural bond orbital (NBO) and atoms in molecules (AIM) analyses.
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Anupurath S, Krishnan A, Namasivayam D, Rajaraman V, Rajendran K. Competitive hydrogen bonding influences of fluorophore- urea- adenine system in water: Photophysical and photochemical approaches. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 237:118409. [PMID: 32361320 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photophysical and photochemical investigation of photoinduced electron transfer (PET)-based acridinedione dye (ADR1) with urea in the presence of a nitrogenous base (adenine) were carried out in water. Urea suppresses the PET resulting in a fluorescence enhancement and the extent of binding is correlated and governed by the number of urea molecules surrounding the close vicinity of dye. On the contrary, adenine forms a true 1:2 complex with dye. Presence of adenine in dye-urea microenvironment results in the displacement of dye from the vicinity of urea molecules. The stability of dye-urea network in the presence of adenine reveals that the microenvironment of dye is governed and influenced by both urea and adenine. Introduction of adenine to dye-urea results in the formation of several hydrogen bonding assemblies that are competitive and influences the excited state characteristics of ADR1 dye. The micro assemblies comprise dye-urea (DU), dye-adenine (DA), urea-adenine (UA), urea-water (UW), urea-urea (UU), and adenine-water (AW) framework and the existence of several competitive hydrogen bonding results in a large variation in fluorescence properties of ADR1 dye. The presence of several assemblies also signifies that no confined phase selectively of DU or DA assemblies exist in any stoichiometric proportion in the aqueous phase. The binding constant, the variation in the fluorescence lifetime and its relative amplitude of DA in the presence of urea authenticate that the binding nature of dye-urea-adenine (DUA) is dependent on the several hydrogen bonding assemblies that coexist at any concentration. The extent of hydrogen bonding of DA is found to be entirely different from that of urea. Further, urea resulted in changes in the transient absorption peak of dye with a large variation in lifetime and shift of the transient absorption peaks. Fluorescence spectral techniques are used as an efficient tool in elucidating the binding nature of DU framework in the presence of non-fluorescent hydrogen-bonding solute like adenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Anupurath
- Department of Chemistry, Anna Adarsh College for Women (Affiliated to University of Madras), Anna Nagar, Chennai 600 040, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anju Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to University of Madras),833, GokulBagh, E.V.R.Periyar Road, Arumbakkam, Chennai 600106, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vasanthi Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to University of Madras),833, GokulBagh, E.V.R.Periyar Road, Arumbakkam, Chennai 600106, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumaran Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to University of Madras),833, GokulBagh, E.V.R.Periyar Road, Arumbakkam, Chennai 600106, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Du J, Liang L, Liu S, Yang X, Cao S, Zhang H, Su H, Gong X, Chen Q, Kong X, Xu D. Neointimal hyperplasia in the inferior vena cava of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease rats with aortocaval fistulas. Clin Exp Nephrol 2020; 24:1007-14. [PMID: 32666345 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-020-01927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failure of autologous arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) occurs primarily due to stenosis in the anastomotic site, which is mainly related to the development of neointimal hyperplasia (NIH). Therefore, we conducted a study to establish a novel approach to create aortocaval fistulas (ACFs) in adenine-induced (AD) chronic kidney disease (CKD) rats to study the NIH in the inferior vena cava. METHODS Ten adult female rats received a 0.75% adenine-rich diet for 4 weeks to induce CKD and underwent ACF surgery. Ten healthy rats served as controls. A 5-10-mm segment of a vein immediately adjacent to that the portion of the vein used for creating the fistula was surgically removed at the time of creating the fistula, and reconstruction of the failed fistula from the same patient was used as controls. ACF was assessed using duplex scans and histopathological analyses. RESULTS At the end of the experiment, AD rats showed higher serum creatinine and urea nitrogen than those of vehicle-treated rats. Remarkable histological changes in kidney tissues demonstrated successful CKD models. Sections of the ACF in AD rats and veins removed at the time of the reconstruction of the failed fistula of the patient demonstrated that the eccentric neointima formation is irregularly thickened, with several small vessels within a more cellular region of the neointima. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of myofibroblasts, contractile smooth muscle cells and macrophages within the neointima. CONCLUSIONS Our rat models with ACFs showed typical features of NIH in the formation of fistula stenosis, which can resemble clinical findings in uremic patients.
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Frenguelli BG, Dale N. Purines: From Diagnostic Biomarkers to Therapeutic Agents in Brain Injury. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1315-26. [PMID: 32542580 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purines constitute a family of inter-related compounds that serve a broad range of important intracellular and extracellular biological functions. In particular, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolite and precursor, adenosine, regulate a wide variety of cellular and systems-level physiological processes extending from ATP acting as the cellular energy currency, to the adenosine arising from the depletion of cellular ATP and responding to reduce energy demand and hence to preserve ATP during times of metabolic stress. This inter-relationship provides opportunities for both the diagnosis of energy depletion during conditions such as stroke, and the replenishment of ATP after such events. In this review we address these opportunities and the broad potential of purines as diagnostics and restorative agents.
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Vohra R, Sawhney RS, Kaur J, Kumar R. Adenine based molecular junction as biosensor for detection of toxic phosgene gas. J Mol Model 2020; 26:172. [PMID: 32524298 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of adsorption of toxic phosgene gas (COCl2) molecule on one of the nucleobase of DNA-adenine-has been analyzed using the first principle calculations based on density function theory. In accordance with the geometry of the nucleobase, two possible positions have been considered for effective adsorption of gas molecule. The calculations performed on adsorption energies suggest that the gas molecule is able to physisorb at both the considered positions with negligibly small values of charge transfer. The in-depth analysis of electron charge densities depicts that there is no orbital overlapping between the gas molecule and adenine. We observe a significant variation of transport properties of adenine-based molecular junction on adsorption of phosgene molecule while calculation the transport parameters at both the equilibrium as well as non-equilibrium. Also, the variation of HOMO-LUMO gap of adenine molecule on adsorption of phosgene leads to alteration of current and voltage, thus implying that adenine-based sensor can be effectively utilized to sense the presence of phosgene gas in a given environment. Small adsorption energies and recovery time suggest that the rate of desorption of phosgene is very high; thus, the proposed adenine sensor can be effectively used as a highly stable and selective reusable sensor.
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Suryavanshi SV, Gharpure M, Kulkarni YA. Sodium copper chlorophyllin attenuates adenine-induced chronic kidney disease via suppression of TGF-beta and inflammatory cytokines. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:2029-41. [PMID: 32500189 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD was induced in male Wistar rats by feeding 0.3% w/w adenine diet for 28 days. After induction, animals were treated with sodium copper chlorophyllin at dose 2.7, 5.4, and 10.8 mg/kg for the next 28 days. The biochemical and urines parameters like creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, total protein creatinine clearance, urea clearance, and glomerular filtration rate were assessed on days 0, 14, and 28. Plasma TGF-β1, COX-2, and IL-6 levels were assessed. Various oxidative stress parameters and TGF-β1 expression were determined in the kidney. Histopathology of the kidney was studied with different stains. Sodium copper chlorophyllin-treated animals showed a significant reduction in urine output and relative kidney weight. The treatment with sodium copper chlorophyllin significantly improved kidney function by normalizing biochemical and urine parameters. Treatment with SCC significantly reduced circulatory inflammatory mediators-TGF-β1, COX-2, and IL-6. Additionally, the treatment also significantly reduced oxidative stress and TGF-β1 expression in kidney tissues. Histopathology studies showed inhibition in the kidney damage due to the treatment of SCC. The sodium copper chlorophyllin treatment attenuated adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in rats.
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Metzger CE, Swallow EA, Allen MR. Elevations in Cortical Porosity Occur Prior to Significant Rise in Serum Parathyroid Hormone in Young Female Mice with Adenine-Induced CKD. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:392-400. [PMID: 31832725 PMCID: PMC7422916 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to significant bone loss primarily through the development of cortical porosity. In both patients and animal models of CKD, sustained elevations in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) are associated with cortical porosity. In this study, we aimed to track the progression of cortical porosity and increased PTH utilizing the adenine-induced CKD model. Young female mice (8 weeks) were given 0.2% adenine to induce CKD. Tissues were collected from groups of adenine and age-matched control mice after 2, 6, and 10 weeks. Serum blood urea nitrogen was elevated at all time points in adenine mice, but serum PTH was only statistically elevated at the 10-week time point. Cortical porosity was sevenfold higher in 6-week adenine mice compared to age-matched controls and 14-fold higher in 10-week adenine mice vs. controls. Additionally, osteocyte receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) was elevated in adenine-fed mice, while annexin V, an early marker of cellular apoptosis, was mildly decreased in osteocytes in adenine-fed mice. Based on these results, we hypothesize high serum PTH signals to osteocytes prolonging their lifespan resulting in sustained RANKL which drives osteoclastic bone resorption in the cortex. In conclusion, our data show time-dependent elevations in serum PTH and cortical porosity in adenine-induced CKD mice and demonstrate changes in osteocyte RANKL and apoptosis which may contribute to the development of cortical pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Swallow
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Medicine - Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, MS 5035, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Wei YF, Wang Y, Wei XR, Sun R, Xu YJ, Ge JF. Adenine-based small molecule fluorescent probe for imaging mitochondrial nucleic acid. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 229:117865. [PMID: 31813730 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A small molecule fluorescent probe (probe 1) based on adenine-coumarin derivative was designed and synthesized in this paper. Probe 1 exhibited a significant fluorescence-enhancing response to nucleic acids at 495 nm (for DNA) and 487 nm (for RNA). The fluorescence enhancement of probe 1 for DNA and RNA was 5.68 and 9.73 times respectively, the fluorescence quantum yield was changed from 2.5% to 11.7% and 22.5% accordingly. Meanwhile, an excellent linear relationship of fluorescence intensity at 495 nm or 487 nm versus the nucleic acid concentration (1 μM for probe 1, 0-350 μg/mL for DNA and 0-300 μg/mL for RNA) was obtained. Co-staining and nucleic acid digestion experiments showed that probe 1 could selectively image nucleic acids in mitochondria and nucleoli in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Wei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xue-Rui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ru Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yu-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian-Feng Ge
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
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Ali BH, Al Za'abi M, Al Suleimani Y, Manoj P, Ali H, Ribeiro DA, Nemmar A. Gum arabic reduces inflammation, oxidative, and nitrosative stress in the gastrointestinal tract of mice with chronic kidney disease. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1427-1436. [PMID: 32157347 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate some biochemical indices of inflammation and oxidative and nitrosative stresses in the gastrointestinal tract of mice with experimental chronic kidney disease (CKD) and treated with gum arabic (GA). Male CD1 mice (n = 28) were randomly distributed into four groups and treated for four consecutive weeks: group 1: Control: received the same diet without treatment until the end of the study; group 2: Adenine: switched to a powder diet containing adenine (0.2% w/w in feed); group 3: Gum acacia (GA): given normal feed and GA in drinking water at a concentration of 15% w/v; and group 4: Adenine + GA: given adenine in the feed as in the second group plus GA in the drinking water at concentration of 15% w/v. CKD was induced to mice by adenine feeding and concomitantly treated with the prebiotic dietary fiber gum acacia, GA (15% in drinking water). Duodenal mucosa from CKD mice had significantly higher concentrations of TNF-alfa, IL- 6, and TGF-beta-1 and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, low concentrations of IL-10, some antioxidants (catalase, glutathione reductase, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 were found in the duodenum. The levels of nitrosative stress (nitrite, nitrate, and total nitrate) were significantly increased by CKD, as well as the concentrations of ammonia and urea creatinine in the cecal content. Concomitant GA treatment significantly mitigated these harmful effects. Taken together, GA reduces inflammation and duodenal oxidative and nitrosative stress in the gastrointestinal tract of mice with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreldin H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al Za'abi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yousuf Al Suleimani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Priyadarsini Manoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Haytham Ali
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Daniel A Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Zip code, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil.
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Jayadevimanoranjitham J, Narayanan SS. Fabrication of poly o-cresophthalein complexone film modified electrode and its application to simultaneous determination of purine bases in denatured DNA. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020; 108:110353. [PMID: 31923964 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel poly o-cresophthalein complexone film (POCF) modified electrode was fabricated and used as a sensor for the simultaneous detection of adenine and guanine. By comparing with the bare paraffin wax impregnated graphite electrode (PIGE), POCF modified electrode showed remarkable increase in the oxidation peak currents of adenine and guanine. The surface morphology of the POC polymer film and its nature on the PIGE were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry. The POCF modified electrode exhibited a linear range of 0.08 μM-200 μM with a low detection limit of 0.02 μM (S/N) for adenine and guanine, respectively. Further, the proposed POCF modified electrode was used for simultaneous detection of adenine and guanine in denatured CT-DNA and moth DNA with satisfactory results. The value of (G + C)/(A + T) for CT-DNA and moth DNA was calculated to be 0.79 and 0.78 respectively. The prepared POCF modified electrode showed high reproducibility and excellent stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jayadevimanoranjitham
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sriman Narayanan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhang X, Zhai J, Zhong Y, Yang X. Degradation and DBP formations from pyrimidines and purines bases during sequential or simultaneous use of UV and chlorine. Water Res 2019; 165:115023. [PMID: 31472336 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purine and pyrimidines are present an important pool of dissolved organic nitrogen in aqueous medias and also precursors of disinfection byproducts. The degradation kinetics of cytosine and adenine-model pyrimidine and purine compounds-were investigated along with their transformation pathways leading to the formation of disinfection byproducts during two typical multi-barrier disinfection processes: UV irradiation and UV/chlorine pretreatment followed by post-chlorination. UV irradiation followed by post-chlorination enhanced the degradation of cytosine and adenine (by 17.1 and 26.1%, respectively), but it also generated more byproduct precursors compared to chlorination alone. The presence of reactive species in the UV/chlorine treatment greatly enhanced cytosine and adenine degradation (by 61.8 and 123.0%) but generated even more disinfection byproducts. Compared to 24 h chlorination, the concentrations of byproducts increased by up to 361.6% for cytosine and 85.1% for adenine with longer UV/chlorine treatment (from 2 to 30 min). Thirty minutes of combined UV/chlorine treatment decreased the total organic chlorine produced from cytosine by 34.4% (from 233.8 to 153.3 μg Cl L-1) but it increased byproduct generation by 68.3% compared with 24 h of simple chlorination. The TOCl from adenine increased by 50.0% (from 9.2 to 18.4 μg Cl L-1) but byproduct generation was 11.0% less after 30 min of UV/chlorine pretreatment followed by 24 h of chlorination. The intermediates generated were analyzed in detail and multiple transformation pathways leading to byproduct formation are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jiaxin Zhai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Pascual-Colino J, Beobide G, Castillo O, Lodewyckx P, Luque A, Pérez-Yáñez S, Román P, Velasco LF. Adenine nucleobase directed supramolecular architectures based on ferrimagnetic heptanuclear copper(II) entities and benzenecarboxylate anions. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 202:110865. [PMID: 31669692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two planar organic anions, benzoate and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (terephthalate), have been selected as potential π-stacking intercalators among ferrimagnetic [Cu7(μ-adeninato)6(μ3-OH)6(μ-H2O)6]2+ heptameric discrete entities. The resulting supramolecular architecture is highly dependent on the negative charge density distribution, mainly located in the carboxylate groups of the organic anions. In this sense, the benzoate anion, with just one carboxylate group, does not allow its intercalation between the adeninato ligands as it would imply a high steric hindrance among the heptameric entities. As a consequence, these benzoate anions are located inside the voids of the crystal structure reducing the accessible volume of compound [Cu7(μ-adeninato)6(μ3-OH)6(μ-H2O)6](benzoate)2·~17H2O (1). On the contrary, the terephthalate anion, containing two carboxylate groups at opposite sites, adopts a π-stacking sandwich arrangement between two adeninato ligands that affords the porous open structure of formula [Cu7(μ-adeninato)6(μ3-OH)6(μ-H2O)6](terephthalate)·nH2O (2a, 2b; n: 12 and 24, respectively). In addition to that, the less directional nature of the π-stacking interactions in comparison to the complementary hydrogen bonding based supramolecular metal-organic frameworks (SMOFs), suits them with a flexible architecture able to reversibly adsorb/desorb water (up to a 25-30% at 20 °C) altogether with the expansion/shrinkage of the crystal structure. The bridging adeninato and hydroxido ligands are effective magnetic exchange mediators to provide a ST = 5/2 ferrimagnetic state for the heptanuclear entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Pascual-Colino
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Garikoitz Beobide
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Oscar Castillo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Peter Lodewyckx
- Departament of Chemistry, Royal Military Academy, Renaissancelaan 30, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonio Luque
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez-Yáñez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Pascual Román
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Leticia F Velasco
- Departament of Chemistry, Royal Military Academy, Renaissancelaan 30, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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