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Lunia P, Krishnan K, Irani F, Hundal JS, Arastu S, Vonk JMJ, Sunderaraman P. A scoping review of neuropsychological assessment for Asian Indians in the United States - research and clinical recommendations. Clin Neuropsychol 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38565847 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2327674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Objective: There is an increasing focus on understanding health disparities among various cultural groups in the United States. The need for heterogeneity in norms and test stimuli across ethnically diverse individuals are being increasingly recognized. However, to date it remains unknown whether and to what extent differences in cognitive norms and tests exist in Asian Indians, a fast-growing population in the U.S. It is essential to understand these differences to improve diagnostic accuracy and provide timely and appropriate clinical care. Method: In this study, we conducted a scoping review of available cognitive tests that were normed, developed, or adapted for Asian Indians living in the U.S. Results: The results suggested a paucity of norms and tests specifically examining cognition in this community. Conclusions: Based on the findings, we provide suggestions for research directions focusing on the development of culturally sensitive neuropsychological tools, normative data representative of this demographic, and interventions addressing healthcare access barriers. Overall, this review provides readers with relevant clinical information to immediately enhance patient care as well as provide actionable items in research to improve the future utility of neuropsychology for Asian Indians in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Lunia
- Thomas Jefferson Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kamini Krishnan
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Sana Arastu
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jet M J Vonk
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Preeti Sunderaraman
- Department of Neurology, Medical Campus, Boston, MA, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study - Brain Aging Program, Framingham, MA, USA
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Joseph ME, D'Alonzo KT, Btoush R, Fitzgerald N. The Impact of Social Determinants of Health on the Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Among Asian Indians (AIs) in New Jersey: A Secondary Analysis of the BRFSS Survey From 2013 to 2017. J Transcult Nurs 2024; 35:125-133. [PMID: 38111158 DOI: 10.1177/10436596231217662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asian Indians (AIs), the second largest immigrant population in the United States, are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at a lower age and body mass index (BMI). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social determinants of health (SDOH) and the diagnosis of T2DM among AIs in New Jersey (NJ). METHODOLOGY This was a secondary data analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in NJ from 2013 to 2017. Statistical analyses included descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS Among 1,132 AIs, 16% had T2DM or prediabetes (PDM) and 69.2% were overweight or obese. The risk for T2DM was significantly associated with internet use, older age, having medical check-ups, and having a personal doctor (p ≤ .05). DISCUSSION These findings inform culturally congruent care by underscoring the importance of weight management, earlier screening, and provider involvement in diabetes prevention strategies for AIs.
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Nair LS, Nurul Jain JM, Dalal A, Ranganath P. Etiologic Spectrum of Pediatric-Onset Leukodystrophies and Genetic Leukoencephalopathies: The Five-Year Experience of a Tertiary Care Center in Southern India. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 152:130-152. [PMID: 38277958 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter (WM) disorders with a genetic etiology are classified as leukodystrophies (LDs) and genetic leukoencephalopathies (GLEs). There are very few studies pertaining to the etiologic spectrum of these disorders in the Asian Indian population. METHODS This study was conducted over a period of five years from January 2016 to December 2020, in the medical genetics department of a tertiary care hospital in southern India. A total of 107 patients up to age 18 years, with a diagnosis of a genetic WM disorder confirmed by molecular genetic testing and/or metabolic testing, were included in the study and categorized into LD or GLE group as per the classification suggested by the Global Leukodystrophy Initiative consortium in 2015. RESULTS Forty-one patients were diagnosed to have LDs, and 66 patients had GLEs. The two most common LDs were metachromatic LD (16 patients) and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (seven patients). In the GLE group, lysosomal storage disorders were the most common (40 patients) followed by mitochondrial disorders (nine patients), with other metabolic disorders and miscellaneous conditions making up the rest. The clinical presentations, neuroimaging findings, and mutation spectrum of the patients in our cohort are discussed. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the largest cohorts of genetic WM disorders reported till date from the Asian Indian population. The etiologies and clinical presentations identified in our study cohort are similar to those found in other Indian studies as well as in studies based on other populations from different parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi S Nair
- Senior Resident, Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jamal Mohammed Nurul Jain
- Technical Officer, Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ashwin Dalal
- Head, Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prajnya Ranganath
- Additional Professor and Head, Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Adjunct Scientist, Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Moorthy S, Koshy T. Risk association of the nitric oxide synthase VNTR intron 4 a/b variant with diabetic nephropathy - a pilot study. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38359337 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2317411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is known to be a leading complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This study evaluated whether the VNTR intron 4 a/b and rs1799983 polymorphisms of endothelial-derived nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene modulated the risk of developing DN in Asian Indian patients. The eNOS variants were genotyped in 200 patients, 100 with DN and 100 without DN. A significant risk association was observed for the VNTR intron 4 a/b (p < 0.05). Haplotype analysis revealed that the allele combination of rs1799983894 G/Intron 4b and rs1799983894 T/Intron 4b had a statistically significant inverse association with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathy Moorthy
- Department of General Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Teena Koshy
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Science and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India
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Jhawar N, Antshel K. Asian Indian American Parental Help-Seeking Intentions for ADHD. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1551-1563. [PMID: 37535225 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Minoritized ethnic groups experience both delay to treatment and low rate of treatment contact for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To date, Asian Indian Americans have been excluded completely from ADHD help-seeking research. To fill this void, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used to investigate the influence of race/ethnicity on parents' help-seeking intentions for their child's elevated ADHD symptoms. Parents (n = 191, 53% Asian Indian American, 47% European American; 63.9% fathers) of treatment naïve children at high risk for ADHD completed an online survey to assess their recognition of ADHD, knowledge of ADHD etiology, attitudes towards ADHD treatment, subjective norms regarding ADHD treatment, perceived control over their ADHD help-seeking behavior, and intention to seek help for their child's elevated ADHD symptoms. Hierarchical linear regressions demonstrated that perceived behavioral control independently predicted intention to seek help in the total sample and may be more impactful for European American parents than Asian Indian American parents. In contrast, subjective norms were more influential for help-seeking intentions among Asian Indian American parents. However, attitudes towards ADHD were not significantly associated with the intention to seek help among both ethnicities. Asian Indian American parents endorsed lower levels of biopsychosocial etiology beliefs. Together, the results inform possible methods of increasing treatment engagement for both groups of parents who have children at high risk for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Jhawar
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America.
| | - Kevin Antshel
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
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Vasan SK, Alex AG, Roy A, Gowri M, Sinha S, Suresh J, Philip RS, Kochumon J, Jaiswal N, Arulappan G, Ramakrishnan L, Sachdev HS, Tandon N, Thomas N, Jebasingh F, Osmond C, Karpe F, Bhargava SK, Antonisamy B, Prabhakaran D, Fall CH, Thomson VS. Echocardiography protocol and cardiometabolic phenotyping in Indian birth cohorts-the IndEcho study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1055454. [PMID: 37522075 PMCID: PMC10372793 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1055454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asian Indians are at higher risk of cardiometabolic disease compared to other ethnic groups, and the age of onset is typically younger. Cardiac structure and function are poorly characterized in this ethnic group. In this study, we describe image-acquisition methods and the reproducibility of measurements and detailed echocardiography characteristics in two large Indian population-based cohorts (the New Delhi and Vellore Birth Cohorts) from India. Methods The IndEcho study captured transthoracic echocardiographic measurements of cardiac structure and function from 2,322 men and women aged 43-50 years. M-mode measurements in the parasternal long axis (PLAX) and 2-dimensional (2D) short axis recordings at the mitral valve, mid-papillary and apical level were recorded. Apical 2D recordings of two- three- and four-chamber (2C, 3C and 4C) views and Doppler images (colour, pulsed and continuous) were recorded in cine-loop format. Left ventricular (LV) mass, LV hypertrophy, and indices of LV systolic and diastolic function were derived. Results Echocardiographic measurements showed good/excellent technical reproducibility. Hetero-geneity across sites, sex and rural/urban differences in cardiac structure and function were observed. Overall, this cohort of South Asian Indians had smaller LV mass and normal systolic and diastolic function when compared with published data on other Asian Indians and the West, (LV mass indexed for body surface area: Delhi men: 68 g/m2, women 63.9; Vellore men: 65.8, women 61.6) but were within ethnic-specific reference ranges. The higher prevalence of obesity, diabetes and hypertension is reflected by the higher proportion of LV remodelling and lesser hypertrophy. Conclusions Our study adds to scarce population-based echocardiographic data for mid-life Asian Indians. Compared to published literature on other ethnic groups, the Asian Indian heart is characterised by smaller cardiac dimensions and normal range systolic and diastolic function on a background of a high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and cardiac disease at a relatively young age. This data will form the basis for further analyses of lifecourse, metabolic and body composition predictors of cardiac structure and function, and echocardiographic predictors of future mortality. ISRCTN registration number 13432279.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil K. Vasan
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon, India
| | - Mahasampath Gowri
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sikha Sinha
- Department of Pediatrics, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jenifer Suresh
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshpal Singh Sachdev
- Department of Pediatrics, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Felix Jebasingh
- Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Caroline H.D. Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Viji S. Thomson
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Punnose J, Sukhija K, Rijhwani RM. Intermediate hyperglycemia in early pregnancy: A South Asian perspective. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:573-584. [PMID: 37273252 PMCID: PMC10236988 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
“Intermediate hyperglycemia in early pregnancy (IHEP)” refers to mild hyperglycemia detected before 24 gestational weeks (GW), satisfying the criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Many professional bodies recommend routine screening for “overt diabetes” in early pregnancy, which identifies a significant number of women with mild hyperglycemia of undetermined significance. A literature search revealed that one-third of GDM women in South Asian countries are diagnosed before the conventional screening period of 24 GW to 28 GW; hence, they belong in the IHEP category. Most hospitals in this region diagnose IHEP by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) using the same criteria used for GDM diagnosis after 24 GW. There is some evidence to suggest that South Asian women with IHEP are more prone to adverse pregnancy events than women with a diagnosis of GDM after 24 GW, but this observation needs to be proven by randomized control trials. Fasting plasma glucose is a reliable screening test for GDM that can obviate the need for OGTT for GDM diagnosis among 50% of South Asian pregnant women. HbA1c in the first trimester predicts GDM in later pregnancy, but it is not a reliable test for IHEP diagnosis. There is evidence to suggest that HbA1c in the first trimester is an independent risk factor for several adverse pregnancy events. Further research to identify the patho-genetic mechanisms behind the fetal and maternal effects of IHEP is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Punnose
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Stephen’s Hospital, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Komal Sukhija
- Department of Endocrinology, St.Stephen’s Hospital, Delhi 110054, India
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Jain V, Kumar B, Jana M. Bone Mineral Content and Density in Healthy Term Indian Infants at the Age of 1 and 2 Years Assessed by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:190-192. [PMID: 36539567 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a paucity of data on the bone mineral status of infants, with no data from India. This study was undertaken to assess the bone mineral content (BMC) of the healthy term Indian infants at 1 and 2 y of age, and the influence of factors such as birth weight, gender, current size, and vitamin D levels on BMC. Anthropometry, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D levels, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the lumbar spine and whole-body BMC were performed at the ages of 1 and 2 y.Mean whole-body BMC was 214.1 ± 40.8 g at 1 y (n = 131) and 327.6 ± 87.4 g at 2 y (n = 73); lumbar spine BMC was 6.9 ± 1.8 g at 1 y and 10.2 ± 3.8 g at 2 y. The chief determinants of BMC were the weight and length/height of the infant, with no effect of vitamin D levels. The BMC of Indian infants at 1 y was similar to that reported previously for Caucasian infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Jain
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Jana
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Nair DR, Chauhan A, Vaidya D. Were US Asian Indian decedents with atherosclerosis more likely to have concurrent diabetes mellitus? Analysis of national multiple cause of mortality data (2012-2019). Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:159. [PMID: 36307890 PMCID: PMC9614193 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian Indians (AI) are at high risk for both atherosclerotic diseases (ATH) and diabetes mellitus (DM). We analyze the clustering of these two comorbidities as contributing causes of death in AI versus Non-AI populations in the US. METHODS Using Mortality Multiple Cause-of-Death Files (2012-2019) from the National Center for Health Statistics, we included deaths at age ≥ 45 years among US residents where AI versus Non-AI status could be ascertained (n = 55,461 AI; n = 20,090,038 Non-AI) and identsified ATH (ICD10: I20-I25, I63, I70) and DM (ICD10: E10-E14) as contributing causes of death. We calculated the tetrachoric correlation (Rho) between these contributing causes and the difference in the fraction of deaths involving DM in those with versus without ATH. RESULTS Among AI decedents, 29.9% of deaths included ATH as a contributing cause, 16.4% included DM as a contributing cause with 8.3% deaths being included in the overlap (Rho = 0.36, SE = 0.007) whereas, among Non-AI, 22.4% of deaths included ATH as a contributing cause, 10.0% included DM as a contributing cause with 4.1% deaths being included in the overlap (Rho = 0.31, SE = 0.001). Thus, DM and ATH as co-occurring causes correlated more strongly in AI versus Non-AI (p < 0.001). Further, this difference in clustering of DM with ATH was highest for younger AI women (age < 60 years) compared to comparable Non-AI women. CONCLUSIONS The more frequent co-occurrence of DM and ATH as causes of death among AI compared to Non-AI suggest that the increased burden of these diseases among AI during life has vicious synergistic consequences in terms of mortality. Public health strategies targeted to AI should focus on prevention and clinical treatment of both conditions jointly, in all adults, and especially in women < 60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument Street / Suite 8028, Baltimore, MD 21287-0003 USA
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Unni AK, Blake JJ, Salter PS, Luo W, Liew J. "No, but where are you really from?" Experiences of perceived discrimination and identity development among Asian Indian adolescents. Front Public Health 2022; 10:955011. [PMID: 36330127 PMCID: PMC9623414 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.955011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian Indians were the first South Asians to immigrate to the United States in the late 1800s and are currently the largest ethnic group of South Asians living in the United States. Despite this the literature on perceived ethnic and racial discrimination experiences among this group is relatively understudied. The documented experiences of Asian Indians who either recently immigrated from India or were born and raised in America pose an important question: what are the experiences of perceived discrimination among Asian Indians living in America, particularly among younger populations who are continuing to develop their racial and ethnic identities? The current study utilized phenomenological methodology to explore the experiences of nine Asian Indian American adolescents' (ages 12-17 years). Data were collected via semi-structured interviews to assess participants' experiences of ethnic and racial discrimination and identity development. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes and subthemes among the participants' responses. Asian Indian adolescents living in the United States report experiencing discrimination at a young age. It is also evident that Asian Indian youth experience significant challenges when developing their sense of ethnic and racial identity while living within the United States. Findings document the racial and ethnic discrimination that Asian Indian adolescents living in the United States may experience from a young age. Importantly, these discrimination experiences are occurring as Asian Indian adolescents are developing their racial and ethnic identities. This study provides insight for future research, which is necessary to fully understand the experiences of Asian Indian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha K. Unni
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Asha K. Unni
| | - Jamilia J. Blake
- Department of Health Behavior, Center for Health Equity and Evaluation Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Phia S. Salter
- Psychology, Africana Studies, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, United States
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey Liew
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Yoshihama M, Hong JS, Yan Y. Everyday Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms among Gujarati Adults: Gender Difference in the Role of Social Support. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:8674. [PMID: 35886527 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Discrimination against Asians in the USA and its impact on their mental health are urgent public health concerns. Most research on discrimination against Asians has used aggregated Asian group samples. Focusing on Gujaratis, a specific subgroup of Asian Indians, the second-largest Asian group in the USA, this study examined the relationships between everyday discrimination and psychological distress and how they vary by gender. Data were collected via computer-assisted telephone interviews with a representative sample of 553 Gujaratis aged 18 to 65 years residing in a Midwestern state. Negative binomial regression analyses were conducted to examine how exposure to unfair treatment and three types of social support, respectively, was associated with depressive symptoms. For both women and men, unfair treatment was positively associated with depressive symptoms, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. For women, but not for men, the incidence rate ratio became non-significant when adding social support measures to the model. All three social support measures for women, and only satisfaction with social support for men, were significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms. The findings highlight the need for further research on the role of different types of social support and gender differences, which can inform gender- and socioculturally-relevant intervention efforts.
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Mukherjea A, Shariff-Marco S, Yang J, Tseng W, Palaniappan L, Li J, Ivey SL, Somsouk M, Gomez SL. Determinants of Colorectal Cancer Screening among South Asian Americans. J Asian Health 2022; 10:1-12. [PMID: 35909807 PMCID: PMC9335393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer screening rates among South Asian Americans are among the lowest of US population groups. Few population-based studies have examined determinants of screening in this population. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with colorectal cancer screening among South Asian Americans. METHODS Data from the 2001-2009 California Health Interview Survey and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine determinants of being non-adherent with colorectal cancer screening recommendations. Independent variables include sociodemographic and healthcare access measures. RESULTS Overall, 49% of 459 South Asian Americans were non-adherent to screening recommendations. Characteristics associated with non-adherence were the absence of flu shot, absence of doctor visits, sole use of non-English language at home and ≤40% life spent in the United States. In the multivariable model, screening non-adherence was associated with ≤40% life in the United States (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 3.0 [1.4-6.5]), use of non-English at home (2.8 [1.0-7.8]) and no flu shot (2.5 [1.3-4.8]). Obese (BMI > 27.5 kg/m2) versus normal-weight patients were less likely to be non-adherent (0.4 [0.2-0.9]). CONCLUSIONS Length of time in the United States and language spoken at home rather than English proficiency were associated with non-adherence to colorectal cancer screening, reflecting the importance of acculturation and retention of cultural values. Health conditions and behaviors reflecting more proactive healthcare utilization may reinforce the importance of provider recommendations and perceived efficacy of health prevention. Qualitative research would inform cultural tailoring necessary to improve colorectal cancer screening rates among the rapidly growing South Asian American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mukherjea
- Department of Public Health, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA
- Health Research for Action, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Salma Shariff-Marco
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Winston Tseng
- Health Research for Action, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | | | - Jun Li
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Susan L. Ivey
- Health Research for Action, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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George GM, Shin JY, Habermann B. Immigrant Asian Indian Mothers' Experiences With Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Infant Care in the United States. J Transcult Nurs 2022; 33:373-380. [PMID: 35168441 DOI: 10.1177/10436596221075984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study was to explore experiences of immigrant Asian Indian women with pregnancy, childbirth, and infant care in the United States. METHODOLOGY This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach using semi-structured interviews and followed COREQ (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) guidelines for reporting qualitative research. Nine immigrant Asian Indian mothers residing in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States participated in the study. RESULTS Four themes emerged: experiencing cultural differences during the perinatal period in the United States, choosing the best perinatal practices for maternal and infant care, recognizing family as the main support system, and having positive experiences with health care providers. DISCUSSION Findings of this study shed light on the need for culturally appropriate care, including proper assessment of Asian Indian mothers' sociocultural aspects and cultural preferences and provision of support and information needed during the perinatal period.
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Bhatt SP, Guleria R, Vikram NK. The Effect of the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Leukocyte Telomere Length, 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D, and Parathyroid Hormonal Concentrations in Asian Indians. Front Neurol 2021; 12:682739. [PMID: 34764923 PMCID: PMC8577206 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.682739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and OSA are linked with an increased risk of oxidative stress and inflammation. The possible link between LTL and OSA in Asian Indians has not been evaluated. Thus, the present study aims to compare the link between LTL and OSA in Asian Indians. Methods: In this study, 300 subjects (120 obese with OSA, 110 obese without OSA, and 70 non-obese without OSA) were included after overnight polysomnography and a fasting blood sample. Clinical, anthropometry, metabolic markers, insulin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D], and parathyroid hormones (PTH) levels were investigated. LTL was investigated by a QPCR. Univariate and stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and % body fat were conducted while treating LTL as a dependent variable in relation to AHI and other covariates. Results: Obese subjects with OSA had significantly decreased 25(OH)D and increased PTH levels. The mean telomere length (T/S) ratio was significantly shorter in patients with OSA. The adjusted correlation analysis showed that shortening of telomere length correlated with increasing age, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index, and RDI. Univariate analysis showed that LTL revealed a trend toward a negative correlation with a mean age (β + SE, −0.015 + 0.0006; p = 0.01) and positive correlation with AHI [β +slandered error (SE), 0.042 + 0.017; p = 0.008]. In the multiple regression analysis, LTL was positively associated with AHI (β + SE, 0.281 + 0.04; p = 0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and % body fat. Even when adjusted for confounding factors, 25(OH)D, and PTH levels, LTL still was related to AHI (β + SE, 0.446 + 0.02; p = 0.05). Conclusion: Our study indicates the presence of an association between LTL and OSA and a significant impact of OSA severity and telomeres shortening in Asian Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Prakash Bhatt
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naval K Vikram
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Research Group, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Rao NM, Yi S, Yu D, Husain K, Sun Y, Munawar M, Hernandez V, Kamble SV, Chang EC. Coping styles as predictors of negative affective conditions in Asian Indians: does being optimistic still make a difference? J Gen Psychol 2021; 149:391-404. [PMID: 33397215 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2020.1867495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the role of optimism, as measured by the Life Orientation Test-Revised, and coping styles, as measured by the COPE scale, in predicting negative affective conditions (viz., depressive symptoms, stress, and negative affect) among 386 Asian Indian young adults (197 females and 189 males). Results from our hierarchical regression analyses indicated that coping styles accounted for a medium-large amount of variance in negative affective conditions, after controlling for demographic factors (i.e. age, gender, parent's education, and monthly income). Five coping styles were significant in predicting negative affective conditions across all three indices; mental disengagement, denial, and venting emotions were found to be maladaptive, while positive reinterpretation and humor were found to be adaptive among Asian Indian young adults. Furthermore, when optimism was included in the prediction model, optimism consistently accounted for additional variance in negative affective conditions, beyond coping styles. Due to the additional variance among negative affective conditions accounted for by optimism when compared to coping, we advise that mental health professionals consider prioritizing the reinforcement of positive expectancy in addition to enhancing adaptive coping styles and reducing the use of maladaptive coping among Asian Indians.
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Shirsat N, Hoe D, Enguidanos S. Understanding Asian Indian Americans' Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Hospice Care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2020; 38:566-571. [PMID: 33107333 DOI: 10.1177/1049909120969128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has found racial differences in hospice knowledge and misconceptions about hospice care, which may hinder access to hospice care. Asian Indians are a rapidly growing population in the United States, yet limited research has focused on their beliefs toward end-of-life care. This project investigates Indian Americans' knowledge of and attitudes toward hospice care and advance care planning. PROCEDURES A cross-sectional design was employed using surveys about participants' knowledge of and attitudes toward hospice care and advance care planning. Surveys were conducted among Indian Americans, age 60 and over, recruited from Indian cultural centers in Northern California. The participants were first asked questions about hospice care. They were then given a summary explanation of hospice care and later asked about their attitudes toward hospice care. Data were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate analyses. RESULTS Surveys were completed by 82 participants. Findings revealed that 42.5% of respondents had an advance directive and 57.1% had named a health care proxy. Only 10% of respondents had known someone on hospice care and 10.4% correctly answered 4-5 of the knowledge questions. After being informed about hospice care, 69.6% of participants agreed that if a family member was extremely ill, they would consider enrolling him/her in hospice. CONCLUSIONS This study's results present a need for greater education about hospice services among older Asian Indians. Health practitioners should remain cognizant of potential misconceptions of hospice and cultural barriers that Asian Indians may have toward hospice care, so they can tailor conversations accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Shirsat
- 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Hoe
- 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Prasad N, Jabbar PK, Jayakumari C, John M, Haridasan RK, Surendran Nair Anish T, Gomez R, Das DV, Sreenath R, George GS, Nair A. Late-Night Salivary Cortisol in Healthy, Community-Dwelling Asian Indians Assessed by Second-Generation ECLIA. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5840379. [PMID: 32424408 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) is used as a screening test for Cushing syndrome (CS), but there is no community-derived normative data for the normal upper limit in the South Asian population. This study aimed to determine the upper limit of normal (97.5th percentile) for LNSC in an Asian Indian population using a commercially available second-generation electrochemiluminiscence immunoassay (ECLIA). METHODS LNSC in apparently healthy community-dwelling individuals was assessed by multistage cluster sampling. Healthy individuals age 18 to 60 years from 8 urban and 8 rural clusters of Thiruvananthapuram district were studied. Thirty people from an approximate population of 1000 individuals from each cluster participated in the study. A saliva sample was collected between 11 PM and 12 midnight and analyzed using Roche COBAS-e-411 and ultrasensitive Cortisol II kits the next day. RESULTS Cortisol values from 474 salivary samples were available for final analysis after exclusion of improperly collected samples. The 97.5th percentile of the LNSC concentrations was 0.25 μg/dL (6.89 nmol/L) (90% CI, 0.23-0.27 μg/dL; ie, 6.34-7.45 nmol/L). In postmenopausal women, median LNSC was significantly higher but the 90% CI for the upper limit of their LNSC (0.28μg/dL or 7.72 nmol/L) overlapped with that of premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes the normal value of LNSC estimated by second-generation ECLIA in healthy community-dwelling Asian Indian individuals for the first time. Salivary cortisol at 11 pm to 12 am is less than 0.25μg/dL (6.89 nmol/L) in the general Asian Indian population. Menopause causes a significant increase in LNSC and may lead to overdiagnosis of CS if not interpreted carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Prasad
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Puthiyaveettil Khadar Jabbar
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Chellamma Jayakumari
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Mathew John
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Providence Endocrine and Diabetes Specialty Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Thekkumkara Surendran Nair Anish
- Providence Endocrine and Diabetes Specialty Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ramesh Gomez
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Darvin Vamadevan Das
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ravindranath Sreenath
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Geena Susan George
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Abilash Nair
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Gupta R, Misra A. COVID19 in South Asians/ Asian Indians: Heterogeneity of data and implications for pathophysiology and research. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 165:108267. [PMID: 32533988 PMCID: PMC7832204 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite a large population and limited health infrastructure, the incidence and mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been lower in South Asia than many regions. The underlying reasons and mechanisms for this relative protection are not established. However both genetic and environmental factors might play a role. Polymorphisms in ACE2 gene, ACE gene and in genes for some of the host cell proteases could affect the viral entry and replication. There is some evidence that HLA polymorphisms and several pathways involved in immune and inflammatory response could contribute to ethnic variation. Cross immunity because of past exposure to viral infections as well as malaria is likely to protect from the severe manifestations of disease. Role of BCG vaccination in trained innate immunity is recognised and could be a protective factor against COVID-19. There is limited evidence of the possibility of a less virulent viral strain circulating in South Asia. There is evidence from different parts of the world that temperature and humidity can influence viral survival as well as the host immune response. Finally implementation of early containment measures by some South Asian countries has also contributed to a less disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis CODC Hospital, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
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Alathari BE, Bodhini D, Jayashri R, Lakshmipriya N, Shanthi Rani CS, Sudha V, Lovegrove JA, Anjana RM, Mohan V, Radha V, Pradeepa R, Vimaleswaran KS. A Nutrigenetic Approach to Investigate the Relationship between Metabolic Traits and Vitamin D Status in an Asian Indian Population. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1357. [PMID: 32397403 PMCID: PMC7285077 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in Asian Indians have examined the association of metabolic traits with vitamin D status. However, findings have been quite inconsistent. Hence, we aimed to explore the relationship between metabolic traits and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. We investigate whether this relationship was modified by lifestyle factors using a nutrigenetic approach in 545 Asian Indians randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (219 normal glucose tolerant individuals, 151 with pre-diabetes and 175 individuals with type 2 diabetes). A metabolic genetic risk score (GRS) was developed using five common metabolic disease-related genetic variants. There was a significant interaction between metabolic GRS and carbohydrate intake (energy%) on 25(OH)D (Pinteraction = 0.047). Individuals consuming a low carbohydrate diet (≤62%) and those having lesser number of metabolic risk alleles (GRS ≤ 1) had significantly higher levels of 25(OH)D (p = 0.033). Conversely, individuals consuming a high carbohydrate diet despite having lesser number of risk alleles did not show a significant increase in 25(OH)D (p = 0.662). In summary, our findings show that individuals carrying a smaller number of metabolic risk alleles are likely to have higher 25(OH)D levels if they consume a low carbohydrate diet. These data support the current dietary carbohydrate recommendations of 50%-60% energy suggesting that reduced metabolic genetic risk increases 25(OH)D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina E. Alathari
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, PO Box 14281, AlFaiha 72853, Kuwait
| | - Dhanasekaran Bodhini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 603103, India; (D.B.); (V.R.)
| | - Ramamoorthy Jayashri
- Department of Biochemistry, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 600086, India;
| | - Nagarajan Lakshmipriya
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 600086, India; (N.L.); (V.S.)
| | | | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 600086, India; (N.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan′s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India; (R.M.A.); (V.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan′s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India; (R.M.A.); (V.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Venkatesan Radha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 603103, India; (D.B.); (V.R.)
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan′s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India; (R.M.A.); (V.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Karani S. Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION India ranks first among nations with the largest population of vegetarians, and 40% of Asian Indians are vegetarian. There seems to occur a "nutrition transition" among vegetarians in India with a decline in the consumption of whole plant food content and replacement with processed foods, fried foods, and refined carbohydrates. This study evaluates the association between the consumption of a vegetarian diet and the prevalence of morbid obesity necessitating bariatric surgery in Asian Indians. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study analyzing records of 235 Indian patients suffering from morbid obesity and who underwent bariatric surgery at our center through the years 2015 to 2017. Pearson's chi-square test for independence of attributes was applied to analyze the difference between a number of vegetarians versus non-vegetarians undergoing bariatric surgery. RESULTS The difference in the number of vegetarians versus non-vegetarians undergoing bariatric surgery was not significant for years 2015 and 2017, but the number was numerically higher for vegetarians. The difference was significantly higher for vegetarians in the year 2016. The difference in female vegetarians versus female non-vegetarians undergoing bariatric surgery was not significant for the year 2017 but was significantly higher for vegetarians during the years 2015 and 2016. The difference in male vegetarians versus non-vegetarians undergoing bariatric surgery was not significant for all the years. CONCLUSION In an Asian Indian cohort, we found that vegetarian dietary patterns were associated with a higher incidence of morbid obesity culminating in bariatric surgery. Our study is a myth breaker that all vegetarian diets are healthy diets. Our findings can be utilized to discourage refined and processed food consumption and promote healthy vegetarian food choices.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge of factors that influence clinical decision making and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) among South Asians (SA). RECENT FINDINGS ASCVD and T2DM in SAs have been examined in recent times. Pathophysiologic and genetic factors including the role of adiponectin, visceral adiposity, lower beta cell function, and psycho-social factors like sedentary lifestyle, poor adherence to medications, and carbohydrate dense meals play a role in early development and the high-risk presentation of both ASCVD and T2DM in SA. Recently, large population-based cohort studies have attempted to compare outcomes and interventions that can be translated to timely detection and targeted interventions in this high-risk group. SAs in the USA are more likely to be diagnosed with T2DM and ASCVD when compared to non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanic populations. The development of personalized ethnic risk assessment tools and better representation of SAs in prospective studies are essential to increasing our understanding and management of cardio-metabolic disease in SA living in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen I Shariff
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- DUMC, 3021, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Nitya Kumar
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William S Yancy
- Duke Diet and Fitness Center, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leonor Corsino
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Giri VN, Selvan P, Mohanty S, Lum R, Serrao S, Leader AE. Exploring Asian Indian views about cancer and participation in cancer research: an evaluation of a culturally tailored educational intervention. J Community Genet 2019; 11:193-203. [PMID: 31522341 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-019-00436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian Indians (AIs) are a growing population in the United States (US) with increased cancer incidence and mortality. However, screening rates among this population are low, and the population has been underrepresented in clinical research. This pilot study aims to address gaps in the literature in order to understand if a culturally tailored educational intervention will improve knowledge, risk perceptions, and awareness of cancer risk assessments among AIs. We delivered an educational intervention comprised of culturally tailored case studies describing risk factors for developing cancer in both males and females. We assessed knowledge gaps about cancer risk and genetic testing, cancer risk perceptions, and willingness to participate in medical research studies, pre- and post-intervention. Among 23 participants, knowledge of genetic testing use and screening recommendations significantly improved post-intervention, with increased willingness to discuss cancer with family members, participate in medical research, and undergo genetic testing for cancer risk assessment. However, findings at the 1-month follow-up time did not show significant changes, except for one knowledge item. Culturally tailored educational interventions, delivered in a community setting, can influence knowledge and risk perceptions about cancer risk and genetics among AIs. Our findings lay the groundwork to continue educational efforts in the area of cancer risk and genetic testing in the AI population, a growing population that has been understudied in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veda N Giri
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Preethi Selvan
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Salini Mohanty
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ray Lum
- Department of Management and Health Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Samantha Serrao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amy E Leader
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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Anjana RM, Gayathri R, Lakshmipriya N, Ramya Bai M, Shanmugam S, Unnikrishnan R, Krishnaswamy K, Henry CJK, Sudha V, Mohan V. Effect of a Novel High Fiber Rice Diet on 24-Hour Glycemic Responses in Asian Indians Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Technol Ther 2019; 21:177-182. [PMID: 30844309 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2018.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently demonstrated a medium glycemic index for novel high fiber white rice (HFWR) variety compared to regular white rice (RWR). However, substituting HFWR for RWR during the whole day's diet may provide extended benefits. The current study aims to assess the 24 h glycemic responses of a HFWR diet compared to a RWR diet. METHODS Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was used to assess the glycemic profile in 18 overweight, non-diabetic Asian Indians aged 25 to 50 in a randomized cross-over design. The volunteers were provided with iso-caloric (≈2100 kcal/day) HFWR or RWR based diets for four continuous days and switched diets after appropriate washout. Fasting blood samples for insulin assessments were collected at baseline and at the end of 4 day feeding. The glucose response in terms of incremental area under the curve (IAUC) was recorded. General linear model was used to assess the adjusted mean change of fasting insulin level of HFWR compared to RWR. Age and sex were adjusted as confounders in the model. RESULTS The average 24 h glucose response for HFWR was significantly lower (IAUC 66.3 ± 3.1 mg-5 min/dL) than RWR (IAUC 79.8 ± 5.7 mg-5 min/dL). The adjusted mean change in fasting insulin levels from baseline was also lower for HFWR compared to RWR. HFWR elicited a 34% and 30% lower 24 h glycemic and insulin response respectively, compared to RWR. CONCLUSION Replacing RWR with HFWR may be a healthier alternative for Asian Indians who are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- 1 Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajagopal Gayathri
- 2 Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Lakshmipriya
- 2 Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mookambika Ramya Bai
- 2 Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shobana Shanmugam
- 2 Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- 1 Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamala Krishnaswamy
- 2 Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Christiani Jeya Kumar Henry
- 4 Clinical Nutritional Sciences, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vasudevan Sudha
- 2 Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- 1 Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Patel M, Mistry R, Maxwell AE, Divan HA, McCarthy WJ. Contextual Factors Related to Conventional and Traditional Tobacco Use Among California Asian Indian Immigrants. J Community Health 2018; 43:280-90. [PMID: 28852903 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-017-0419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
California's tobacco control program contracted for tobacco use surveillance of Asian Indian Americans to address the paucity of information about tobacco use in this community, given their growing proportion of California's population. This study examined correlates of conventional (CTU) and Asian Indian traditional tobacco use (TTU) in a population-based sample of predominantly immigrant Asian Indian adults residing in California (N = 3228). The analytic sample (n = 2140) was limited to self-identified immigrants from India. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to examine correlates of tobacco use among Asian Indian immigrants related to their acculturation and religious affiliation. While 65% of the sample had ever used traditional tobacco products (paan masala, gutka, bidis), only 25% had ever used conventional tobacco (cigarettes, cigar, pipe, chewing tobacco, snuff). Less than 5% reported tobacco use in the past 30 days. Rates of ever TTU and CTU were higher among men than women. Ethnic enclave residence was not associated with tobacco use. Impaired mental health was associated with CTU, and number of years spent in the U.S. was positively associated with both CTU and TTU. Individuals affiliated with Sikhism were less likely to use tobacco than individuals affiliated with Hinduism. Few population-based studies in the U.S. address both CTU and TTU use among Asian Indian immigrants. Tobacco use in Asian Indian immigrants may be seriously underestimated if surveillance is limited to conventional tobacco products. Interventions to reduce tobacco use should address mental health issues and consider religious affiliation.
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Gujral UP, Mohan V, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, Anjana RM, Narayan KM. Ethnic differences in the prevalence of diabetes in underweight and normal weight individuals: The CARRS and NHANES studies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 146:34-40. [PMID: 30244052 PMCID: PMC6295265 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes in lean individuals has recently come to attention. We assessed type 2 diabetes prevalence and the associated risk factors in underweight and normal weight individuals in two ethnic populations. METHODS We conducted cross-sectional analyses, using representative samples of 4930 Asian Indians from the CARRS-Chennai Study and 2868 Whites from the NHANES Survey. Diabetes was defined as use of glucose lowering medication, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl, or 2 h glucose ≥200 mg/dl. Body mass index (BMI) was classified using WHO standard criteria. RESULTS Prevalence of type 2 diabetes by BMI varied by ethnicity and sex. In men, type 2 diabetes prevalence was 5.4% and 23.5% in underweight and normal weight Asian Indians and 0.0% and 6.1% in underweight and normal weight Whites. In women, the prevalence was 5.6% and 13.6% in underweight and normal weight Asian Indians and 2.3% and 2.8% in underweight and normal weight Whites. Adjustment for waist circumference, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion did not explain the increased prevalence in Asian Indians. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest significant ethnic differences in type 2 diabetes prevalence without overweight or obesity. Future studies should examine the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes development in lean individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unjali P Gujral
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Room 7040 N Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India.
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India
| | - Mohan Deepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India.
| | - K M Narayan
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Room 7040 N Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Room 7000, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Venkatesh S, Weatherspoon LJ. Food Behaviors and Dietary Acculturation of Asian Indians in the US. J Nutr Educ Behav 2018; 50:529-535. [PMID: 29246566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine food behaviors and dietary acculturation of Asian Indians in the US. DESIGN Qualitative focus group discussions. SETTING Public library and university. PARTICIPANTS Thirty Asian Indian adults in a US Midwestern state. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participant perceptions of food behaviors and 24-hour modified weekday and weekend dietary recalls. ANALYSIS Eight focus group transcripts and participant dietary recalls were independently analyzed by 2 Asian Indian moderators using the constant comparison method. RESULTS The sample (n = 16 males and 14 females) consisted of a variable group of Asian Indians from different generations, religions, and places of origin in India. Key themes associated with modification of traditional behaviors were social independence, social network influences, increased health awareness, cost and quality of Asian Indian foods, and time constraints and convenience. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study elucidated dietary behaviors and factors that contribute to dietary acculturation of Asian Indians, which are important considerations for health professionals. These findings inform researchers regarding the development of culturally appropriate dietary assessment measures targeted at Asian Indian individuals.
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Benjamin J, Shasthry V, Kaal CR, Anand L, Bhardwaj A, Pandit V, Arora A, Rajesh S, Pamecha V, Jain V, Kumar G, Loria A, Puri P, Joshi YK, Sarin SK. Characterization of body composition and definition of sarcopenia in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: A computed tomography based study. Liver Int 2017; 37:1668-1674. [PMID: 29065258 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in body composition (BC) as loss of fat and muscle mass (sarcopenia) are associated with poor outcome in alcoholic cirrhosis (ALC). Prevalence of sarcopenia depends upon the method of assessment. Computed Tomography (CT) is a gold standard tool for assessing BC. AIM To characterize BC and define sarcopenia in ALC patients using CT. METHODS Single slice CT images at L3 vertebrae of healthy controls (HC) - organ transplant donors and ALC patients were analysed to give cross-sectional area of five skeletal muscles normalized for height -skeletal muscle index (SMI; cm2 /m2 ), area of subcutaneous (SAT;cm2 ) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT;cm2 ). Cut-offs for defining sarcopenia was established at 2SD below the mean of HC. HC were compared with Child A-compensated (C) and Child B+C-decompensated (DC) patients. RESULTS Cut-offs of SMI derived from HC (n = 275; M: 50%; age 32.2 ± 9.8 years; BMI 24.2 ± 3.2 Kg/m2 ) were 36.54 in males and 30.21 in females. Sarcopenia was found in 12.8% of ALC patients [n = 148; C (31.8%): DC (68.2%); M: 100%; age 46.6 ± 9.7 years; BMI 24.5 ± 4.4]. Compared to HC, compensated patients had higher adiposity and comparable muscularity; decompensated patients had significantly lower muscle and also fat mass compared to both HC and compensated patients. HC vs C vs DC: SAT (140 ± 82 vs 177.3 ± 11 vs 112 ± 8.2); VAT (96.5 ± 6.5 vs 154.9 ± 8.7 vs 87.5 ± 6.5) and SMI (52.1 ± 0.9 vs 49.6 ± 1.2 vs 46 ± 0.9). CONCLUSIONS Compensated ALC have increased adiposity and relatively preserved muscularity but decompensation leads to loss of both muscle and fat mass. Prevalence of sarcopenia, based on derived ethnic cut-offs was 12.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Benjamin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Varsha Shasthry
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chetan Ramesh Kaal
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lovkesh Anand
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Bhardwaj
- Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vanshja Pandit
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Arora
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sasidharan Rajesh
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Viniyendra Pamecha
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepato Pancreatico Biliary Surgery, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Jain
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Guresh Kumar
- Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anthony Loria
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Puneet Puri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yogendra Kumar Joshi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Budhwani H, De P. Human papillomavirus vaccine initiation in Asian Indians and Asian subpopulations: a case for examining disaggregated data in public health research. Public Health 2017; 153:111-117. [PMID: 29028565 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vaccine disparities research often focuses on differences between the five main racial and ethnic classifications, ignoring heterogeneity of subpopulations. Considering this knowledge gap, we examined human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation in Asian Indians and Asian subpopulations. STUDY DESIGN National Health Interview Survey data (2008-2013), collected by the National Center for Health Statistics, were analyzed. METHODS Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted on adults aged 18-26 years (n = 20,040). RESULTS Asian Indians had high income, education, and health insurance coverage, all positive predictors of preventative health engagement and vaccine uptake. However, we find that Asian Indians had comparatively lower rates of HPV vaccine initiation (odds ratio = 0.41; 95% confidence interval = 0.207-0.832), and foreign-born Asian Indians had the lowest rate HPV vaccination of all subpopulations (2.3%). CONCLUSIONS Findings substantiate the need for research on disaggregated data rather than evaluating vaccination behaviors solely across standard racial and ethnic categories. We identified two populations that were initiating HPV vaccine at abysmal levels: foreign-born persons and Asian Indians. Development of culturally appropriate messaging has the potential to improve these initiation rates and improve population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Budhwani
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, 310 Ryals Public Health Building, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - P De
- City College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA.
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Hulman A, Gujral UP, Narayan KMV, Pradeepa R, Mohan D, Anjana RM, Mohan V, Færch K, Witte DR. Glucose patterns during the OGTT and risk of future diabetes in an urban Indian population: The CARRS study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 126:192-197. [PMID: 28259008 PMCID: PMC5408861 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Traditionally, fasting and 2-hour post challenge plasma glucose have been used to diagnose diabetes. However, evidence indicates that clinically relevant pathophysiological information can be obtained by adding intermediate time-points to a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). METHODS We studied a population-based sample of 3666 Asian Indians without diabetes from the CARRS-Chennai Study, India. Participants underwent a three-point (fasting, 30-min, and 2-h) OGTT at baseline. Patterns of glycemic response during OGTT were identified using latent class mixed-effects models. After a median follow-up of two years, participants had a second OGTT. Logistic regression adjusted for diabetes risk factors was used to compare risk of incident diabetes among participants in different latent classes. RESULTS We identified four latent classes with different glucose patterns (Classes 1-4). Glucose values for Classes 1, 2, and 4 ranked consistently at all three time-points, but at gradually higher levels. However, Class 3 represented a distinct pattern, characterized by high 30-min (30minPG), normal fasting (FPG) and 2-h (2hPG) plasma glucose, moderately high insulin sensitivity, and low acute insulin response. Approximately 22% of participants were categorized as Class 3, and had a 10-fold risk of diabetes compared to the group with the most favorable glucose response, despite 92.5% of Class 3 participants having normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Elevated 30minPG is associated with high risk of incident diabetes, even in individuals classified as NGT by a traditional OGTT. Assessing 30minPG may identify a subgroup of high-risk individuals who remained unidentified by traditional measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hulman
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Building 1260, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Sdr Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, H-6720 Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Unjali P Gujral
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE. Room 7040 N Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - K M Venkat Narayan
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Room 7000, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India.
| | - Deepa Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India.
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India.
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India.
| | - Kristine Færch
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Building 1260, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Sdr Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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Kanthimathi S, Chidambaram M, Bodhini D, Liju S, Bhavatharini A, Uma R, Anjana RM, Mohan V, Radha V. Association of recently identified type 2 diabetes gene variants with Gestational Diabetes in Asian Indian population. Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 292:585-91. [PMID: 28190082 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies have provided evidence that the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share common genetic background. A recent genome wide association study (GWAS) showed a strong association of six novel gene variants with T2DM among south Asians but not with Europeans. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these variants that confer susceptibility to T2DM in Asian Indian population also correlate with GDM in Asian Indian population. In addition to these novel variants, three T2DM associated SNPs that were previously identified by GWAS in Caucasian populations, which also showed association with T2DM in south Indian population in our previous study were also evaluated for their susceptibility to GDM in our population. The study groups comprised unrelated pregnant women with GDM (n = 518) and pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 1220). A total of nine SNPs in or near nine loci, namely AP3S2 (rs2028299), BAZ1B (rs12056034), CDKN2A/B (rs7020996), GRB14 (rs3923113), HHEX (rs7923837), HMG20A (rs7178572), HNF4A (rs4812829), ST6GAL1 (rs16861329) and VPS26A (rs1802295) were genotyped using the MassARRAY system. Among these nine SNPs that previously showed an association with T2DM in Asian Indians, HMG20A (rs7178572) and HNF4A (rs4812829) gene variants showed a significant association with GDM. The risk alleles of rs7178572 in HMG20A and rs4812829 in HNF4A gene conferred 1.24 and 1.28 times higher risk independently and about 1.44 and 1.97 times increased susceptibility to GDM for one and two risk genotypes, respectively. We report that the HMG20A (rs7178572) and HNF4A (rs4812829) variants that have previously shown a strong association with T2DM in Asian Indians also contributes significant risk to GDM in this population. This is the first report of the association of HMG20A (rs7178572) and HNF4A (rs4812829) variants with GDM.
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Uma R, Bhavadharini B, Ranjani H, Mahalakshmi MM, Anjana RM, Unnikrishnan R, Kayal A, Malanda B, Belton A, Mohan V. Pregnancy outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus using a structured model of care : WINGS project (WINGS-10). J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 43:468-475. [PMID: 28026897 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the impact of a structured model of care (MOC) prepared for resource-constrained settings, on the pregnancy outcomes of Asian Indian women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS Pregnant women were screened under the Women in India with GDM Strategy (WINGS) MOC for GDM using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. Women with GDM went through a structured MOC that included medical nutrition therapy (MNT), regular physical activity (PA); and insulin when indicated. Fasting blood glucose and post-prandial blood sugar were monitored every 2 weeks. The pregnancy outcomes of women with GDM who underwent the MOC were compared with those without GDM. RESULTS Under the MOC, 212 women with GDM were followed through pregnancy, of whom 33 (15.6%) required insulin and 179 (84.4%) were managed with MNT and PA. The maternal and neonatal outcomes of women with GDM were similar to the non-GDM women: there were no significant differences in pregnancy complications such as cesarean section, macrosomia, pre-eclampsia, oligo/polyhydramnios, preterm delivery, neonatal death, fetal distress, hyperbilirubinemia and low birthweight. CONCLUSION Implementation of a structured MOC for women with GDM helped achieve pregnancy outcomes similar to those without GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Uma
- Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Belma Malanda
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Belton
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
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Misra R, Hunte H. Perceived discrimination and health outcomes among Asian Indians in the United States. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:567. [PMID: 27729045 PMCID: PMC5059992 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perceived interpersonal discrimination while seeking healthcare services is associated with poor physical and mental health. Yet, there is a paucity of research among Asian Americans or its subgroups. This study examined the correlates of reported interpersonal discrimination when seeking health care among a large sample of Asian Indians, the 3rd largest Asian American subgroup in the US, and identify predictors of adverse self-rated physical health, a well-accepted measure of overall health status. Methods Cross-sectional survey. Participants comprised of 1824 Asian Indian adults in six states with higher concentration of Asian Indians. Results Mean age and years lived in the US was 45.7 ± 12.8 and 16.6 ± 11.1 years respectively. The majority of the respondents was male, immigrants, college graduates, and had access to care. Perceived interpersonal discrimination when seeking health care was reported by a relatively small proportion of the population (7.2 %). However, Asian Indians who reported poor self-rated health were approximately twice as likely to perceived discrimination when seeking care as compared to those in good or excellent health status (OR 1.88; 95 % CI 1.12–3.14). Poor self-rated health was associated with perceived health care discrimination after controlling for all of the respondent characteristics (OR 1.93; 95 % CI: 1.17–3.19). In addition, Asian Indians who lived for more than 10 years in the U.S. (OR 3.28; 95 % CI: 1.73–6.22) and had chronic illnesses (OR 1.39; 95 % CI: 1.17–1.64) (p < 0.05) were more likely to perceive discrimination when seeking health care. However, older Asian Indians, over the age of 55 years, were less likely to perceive discrimination than those aged 18–34 years Indian American. Conclusion Results offers initial support for the hypothesis that Asian Indians experience interpersonal discrimination when seeking health care services and that these experiences may be related to poor self-rated health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita Misra
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia Univeristy, 1 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9190, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9190, USA.
| | - Haslyn Hunte
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia Univeristy, 1 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9190, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9190, USA
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Chamukuttan S, Ram J, Nanditha A, Shetty AS, Sevick MA, Bergman M, Johnston DG, Ramachandran A. Baseline level of 30-min plasma glucose is an independent predictor of incident diabetes among Asian Indians: analysis of two diabetes prevention programmes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:762-767. [PMID: 26991329 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective was to study the ability of the 30-min plasma glucose (30-min PG) during an oral glucose tolerance test to predict the future risk of type 2 diabetes among Asian Indians with impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS For the present analyses, we utilized data from 753 participants from two diabetes primary prevention studies, having complete data at the end of the study periods, including 236 from Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme-1 and 517 from the 2013 study. Baseline 30-min PG values were divided into tertiles: T1 < 9.1 mmol/L (<163.0 mg/dL); T2 9.2-10.4 mmol/L (164.0-187.0 mg/dL) and T3 ≥ 10.4 mmol/L (≥188 mg/dL). The predictive values of tertiles of 30-min PG for incident diabetes were assessed using Cox regression analyses RESULTS: At the end of the studies, 230 (30.5%) participants developed diabetes. Participants with higher levels of 30-min PG were more likely to have increased fasting, 2-h PG and HbA1c levels, increased prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and decreased beta cell function. The progression rate of diabetes increased with increasing tertiles of 30-min PG. Cox's regression analysis showed that 30-min PG was an independent predictor of incident diabetes after adjustment for an array of covariates [Hazard Ratio (HR):1.44 (1.01-2.06)] CONCLUSIONS: This prospective analysis demonstrates, for the first time, an independent association between an elevated 30-min PG level and incident diabetes among Asian Indians with impaired glucose tolerance. Predictive utility of glycemic thresholds at various time points other than the traditional fasting and 2-h PG values should therefore merit further consideration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehalatha Chamukuttan
- India Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, 600008, India
| | - Jagannathan Ram
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Centre, New York, USA
| | - Arun Nanditha
- India Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, 600008, India
| | - Ananth Samith Shetty
- India Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, 600008, India
| | - Mary Ann Sevick
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Centre, New York, USA
| | - Michael Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, NYU Diabetes Prevention Program, NYU Langone Medical Centre, New York, USA
| | | | - Ambady Ramachandran
- India Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, 600008, India.
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Vimaleswaran KS, Bodhini D, Lakshmipriya N, Ramya K, Anjana RM, Sudha V, Lovegrove JA, Kinra S, Mohan V, Radha V. Interaction between FTO gene variants and lifestyle factors on metabolic traits in an Asian Indian population. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:39. [PMID: 27274759 PMCID: PMC4891824 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity have been shown to modify the association between fat mass and obesity–associated (FTO) gene variants and metabolic traits in several populations; however, there are no gene-lifestyle interaction studies, to date, among Asian Indians living in India. In this study, we examined whether dietary factors and physical activity modified the association between two FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs8050136 and rs11076023) (SNPs) and obesity traits and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods The study included 734 unrelated T2D and 884 normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) participants randomly selected from the urban component of the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES). Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated interviewer administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Physical activity was based upon the self-report. Interaction analyses were performed by including the interaction terms in the linear/logistic regression model. Results There was a significant interaction between SNP rs8050136 and carbohydrate intake (% energy) (Pinteraction = 0.04), where the ‘A’ allele carriers had 2.46 times increased risk of obesity than those with ‘CC’ genotype (P = 3.0 × 10−5) among individuals in the highest tertile of carbohydrate intake (% energy, 71 %). A significant interaction was also observed between SNP rs11076023 and dietary fibre intake (Pinteraction = 0.0008), where individuals with AA genotype who are in the 3rd tertile of dietary fibre intake had 1.62 cm lower waist circumference than those with ‘T’ allele carriers (P = 0.02). Furthermore, among those who were physically inactive, the ‘A’ allele carriers of the SNP rs8050136 had 1.89 times increased risk of obesity than those with ‘CC’ genotype (P = 4.0 × 10−5). Conclusions This is the first study to provide evidence for a gene-diet and gene-physical activity interaction on obesity and T2D in an Asian Indian population. Our findings suggest that the association between FTO SNPs and obesity might be influenced by carbohydrate and dietary fibre intake and physical inactivity. Further understanding of how FTO gene influences obesity and T2D through dietary and exercise interventions is warranted to advance the development of behavioral intervention and personalised lifestyle strategies, which could reduce the risk of metabolic diseases in this Asian Indian population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0098-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Dhanasekaran Bodhini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - N Lakshmipriya
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - K Ramya
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - R Mohan Anjana
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India ; Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatesan Radha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
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Lane R, Cheref S, Miranda R. Ethnic Differences in Suicidal Ideation and its Correlates among South Asian American Emerging Adults. Asian Am J Psychol 2016; 7:120-128. [PMID: 27525054 PMCID: PMC4978432 DOI: 10.1037/aap0000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Prior research on suicidal ideation and its correlates among South Asian American individuals has been limited. Given that South Asian American individuals are a burgeoning ethnic subgroup in the United States population, research regarding these factors is necessary to inform culturally competent suicide screening, prevention, and intervention among this increasingly prominent group. We examined depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation among a sample of 204 undergraduate South Asian American (96 Bangladeshi American, 67 Asian Indian, and 41 Pakistani American) emerging adult students (66% female), ages 18 to 24 (M = 18.52, SD = 0.93). Participants completed measures of hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Bangladeshi American ethnicity was associated with significantly lower levels of suicidal ideation than Asian Indian ethnicity. There was a non-significant trend for Pakistani American ethnicity to be associated with lower levels of suicidal ideation than Asian Indian ethnicity. Additionally, Bangladeshi American ethnicity and Pakistani American ethnicity each interacted with hopelessness, such that hopelessness was associated with lower levels of suicidal ideation among these groups than among their Asian Indian peers. Being of Asian Indian ethnicity may deleteriously influence vulnerability to suicidal ideation, while being of other South Asian American ethnicities may buffer against suicidal ideation, both independently and in interaction with hopelessness. Such contingencies should be considered during suicide screening, prevention, and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regina Miranda
- Hunter College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York
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Gujral U, Mohan V, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, Anjana R, Mehta N, Gregg E, Narayan K. Ethnic Variations in Diabetes and Prediabetes Prevalence and the roles of Insulin Resistance and β-cell Function: The CARRS and NHANES Studies. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2016; 4:19-27. [PMID: 27042403 PMCID: PMC4811044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We compared the hyperglycemia prevalence in Asian Indians to other ethnic groups. The prevalence of diabetes was higher in Indians compared to other ethnic groups. The prevalence of prediabetes was lower in Indians compared to other ethnic groups. These differences may be driven by impaired β-cell function.
Aims It is unclear how the prevalence of diabetes in Asian Indians in urban India compares to that of race/ethnic groups in the US that may have different underlying susceptibilities. Therefore, we examined ethnic variations in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, iIFG, iIGT, IFG + IGT, and the associated risk factors in Asian Indians in Chennai, India, and Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics in the United States. Methods Cross-sectional analyses, using representative samples of 4867 Asian Indians aged 20–74 years from Chennai, India, in the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South-Asia study (CARRS) (2010–2011) and 6512 US Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics aged 20–74 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007–2012). Results The age-adjusted prevalence of type 2 diabetes was highest in Asian Indians (men: 28.4, 95% CI: 25.9, 31.0; women: 30.6, 95% CI, 27.5, 33.9) and lowest in Caucasians (men: 12.2, 95% CI, 10.3, 14.4, women: 9.5, 95% CI, 7.9, 11.5). Asian Indians had the lowest prediabetes prevalence (men: 19.0, 95% CI, 17.2, 20.8; women: 27.2, 95% CI, 22.8, 32.1) and Caucasians had the highest (men; 46.5, 95% CI, 43.5, 49.6, women: 34.4, 95% CI, 31.7, 37.3). However, there were differences in prediabetes prevalence by gender and prediabetes state. The inclusion of HOMA-β in standardized polytomous logistic regression models resulted in a greater odds of diabetes in Blacks and Hispanics compared to Asian Indians. Conclusions The high prevalence of diabetes in Asian Indians may be due to innate susceptibilities for β-cell dysfunction in this high risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- U.P. Gujral
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Graduate Division of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 626 589 8512; fax: +1 404 727 6123.
| | - V. Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India
| | - R. Pradeepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India
| | - M. Deepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India
| | - R.M. Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India
| | - N.K. Mehta
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E.W. Gregg
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K.M. Narayan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Graduate Division of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Budhwani H, De P. Disparities in influenza vaccination across the United States: Variability by minority group, Asian sub-populations, socio-economic status, and health insurance coverage. Public Health 2016; 138:146-53. [PMID: 27178130 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the effects of ethnicity, disaggregating Asian Indian from other Asians, health insurance coverage, and nativity on influenza vaccination rates in the United States. STUDY DESIGN National Health Interview Survey data (2013), collected by the National Center for Health Statistics, were analysed. METHODS Multivariable regression models were used to compute estimates and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Asian Indians had higher proportions of college graduate rates (mean = 0.85; CI = [0.80, 0.90]) and above-average income (mean = 0.56, CI = [0.48, 0.64]) than both Whites (mean = 0.406; CI = [0.39, 0.42]) and other Asian sub-groups, such as Chinese (mean = 0.544; CI = [0.47, 0.62]) and Filipino Americans (mean = 0.419; CI = [0.35, 0.48]). However, this higher socio-economic status did not uniformly translated into higher vaccine uptake rates. Asian Indian influenza vaccine uptake rate (mean = 0.403; CI = [0.33, 0.47]), while higher than Whites (mean = 0.366; CI = [0.36, 0.38]), were lower than Chinese (mean = 0.435; CI = [0.35, 0.52]) and Filipino Americans (mean = 0.431; CI = [0.37. 0.49]). In regression models, although Asian Indians were significantly more likely to receive the influenza vaccine than White Americans before controlling for health insurance status (OR = 1.38; CI = [1.004, 1.899]), when coverage was included, effects of race and ethnicity were eliminated (OR = 1.24; CI = [0.897, 1.705]). CONCLUSION Health disparities research often analyses Asians as a homogenous mass; however, the availability of disaggregated data allows researchers to parse effects leading to nuanced findings which highlight behavioural diversity within groups. Findings may inform the development of targeted interventions by public health practitioners and adjustments to polices designed to improve health insurance coverage in racial and ethnic minorities, regardless of citizenship status, leading to enhanced population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Budhwani
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Health Care Organization and Policy and African American Studies, 517D Ryals Public Health Building, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - P De
- Department of Economics and Business, The Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership, The City College of City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA.
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Bhavadharini B, Mahalakshmi MM, Maheswari K, Kalaiyarasi G, Anjana RM, Deepa M, Ranjani H, Priya M, Uma R, Usha S, Pastakia SD, Malanda B, Belton A, Unnikrishnan R, Kayal A, Mohan V. Use of capillary blood glucose for screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in resource-constrained settings. Acta Diabetol 2016; 53:91-7. [PMID: 25916215 PMCID: PMC4749644 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-015-0761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to evaluate usefulness of capillary blood glucose (CBG) for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in resource-constrained settings where venous plasma glucose (VPG) estimations may be impossible. METHODS Consecutive pregnant women (n = 1031) attending antenatal clinics in southern India underwent 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Fasting, 1- and 2-h VPG (AU2700 Beckman, Fullerton, CA) and CBG (One Touch Ultra-II, LifeScan) were simultaneously measured. Sensitivity and specificity were estimated for different CBG cut points using the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria for the diagnosis of GDM as gold standard. Bland-Altman plots were drawn to look at the agreement between CBG and VPG. Correlation and regression equation analysis were also derived for CBG values. RESULTS Pearson's correlation between VPG and CBG for fasting was r = 0.433 [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.596, p < 0.001], for 1H, it was r = 0.653 (ICC = 0.776, p < 0.001), and for 2H, r = 0.784 (ICC = 0.834, p < 0.001). Comparing a single CBG 2-h cut point of 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/l) with the IADPSG criteria, the sensitivity and specificity were 62.3 and 80.7 %, respectively. If CBG cut points of 120 mg/dl (6.6 mmol/l) or 110 mg/dl (6.1 mmol/l) were used, the sensitivity improves to 78.3 and 92.5 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In settings where VPG estimations are not possible, CBG can be used as an initial screening test for GDM, using lower 2H CBG cut points to maximize the sensitivity. Those who screen positive can be referred to higher centers for definitive testing, using VPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Bhavadharini
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Manni Mohanraj Mahalakshmi
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Kumar Maheswari
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Gunasekaran Kalaiyarasi
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Mohan Deepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Harish Ranjani
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Miranda Priya
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Ram Uma
- Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Sriram Usha
- Associates in Clinical Endocrinology Education and Research (ACEER), Chennai, India
| | | | - Belma Malanda
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Belton
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | | | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India.
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Parilla BV, McCulloch C, Sulo S, Curran L, McSherry D. Patterns of fetal growth in an Asian Indian cohort in the USA. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015; 131:178-82. [PMID: 26283226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a greater proportion of fetuses in an Asian Indian cohort are classified as small for gestational age than would be expected from a normally distributed population. METHODS A retrospective analysis of fetal growth pattern and neonatal outcome was conducted among Asian Indian women who were referred to a maternal-fetal medicine center in Park Ridge, IL, USA, for evaluation of fetal growth between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2013. The primary outcome was an abdominal circumference or estimated weight of lower than the 10th percentile for gestational age according to the Hadlock formula. RESULTS Overall, 207 women and 210 fetuses were included. Forty-eight (22.9%) fetuses had an abdominal circumference lower than the 10th percentile. The total number of neonates classified as small for gestational age at delivery was 22 (10.5%), a value indicative of a normally distributed population. CONCLUSION Fetal size was smaller than expected among the present Asian Indian cohort, but most neonates were classified as appropriate for gestational age at birth. Population specific growth curves are needed to improve assessment of fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara V Parilla
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA.
| | - Colin McCulloch
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - Suela Sulo
- The James R. & Helen D. Russell Institute for Research & Innovation, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - Leticia Curran
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA
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Nathan AA, Tej MAC, Chitiprolu M, Rangan S, Mohan V, Harish R, Anand SB, Dixit M. Impaired glucose tolerance alters functional ability of peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells in Asian Indian men. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2015; 12:13-22. [PMID: 25303939 DOI: 10.1177/1479164114551745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the adhesion, migration and endothelial differentiation potential of peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from drug-naive normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) Asian Indian men. METHODS Based on the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, 30 NGT and 31 IGT subjects were recruited into the study. PBMCs were isolated from fasting blood using histopaque density gradient centrifugation. Isolated PBMCs were analysed for their ability to adhere to extracellular matrices, incorporation into tubular structures formed by matured endothelial cells and differentiation into endothelial cells upon 7-day culture in endothelial-specific growth medium. RESULTS PBMCs obtained from IGT subjects exhibit poor adherence to fibronectin and reduced incorporation into tubular structures. Migration towards stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) in a trans-well filter assembly was also reduced for these cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed decreased expression of CXCR4 and β2 integrin and increased expression of arginase II in IGT subjects. No differences were observed with regard to endothelial differentiation; however, cultured PBMCs of IGT subjects had decreased intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production. CONCLUSION In pre-diabetic, Asian Indian men, PBMCs exhibit defective migration and homing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Arul Nathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mallu Abhiram Charan Tej
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Maneka Chitiprolu
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Shreyas Rangan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) and Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Ranjani Harish
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) and Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Setty B Anand
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Kamalanathan S, Nambiar V, Shivane V, Bandgar T, Menon P, Shah N. Bone mineral density and factors influencing it in Asian Indian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2014; 18:831-7. [PMID: 25364679 PMCID: PMC4192990 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.140268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess bone mineral density (BMD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and its relation, if any, to clinical, hormonal and metabolic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective evaluation of 194 T2DM patients (97 men and 97 women) was carried out. BMD was done with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine and total hip. Physical activity, nutritional intake and sunlight exposure were calculated. Biochemical and hormonal tests included serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D], parathyroid hormone, estrogen, testosterone and urinary calcium-creatinine ratio. Glycosylated hemoglobin and complete lipid profiles were done in patients with diabetes. Five hundred and seventy one non-diabetic controls (262 males and 309 females) were evaluated for BMD alone. RESULTS BMD was normal (Z score > -2) in 156 (80.5%) and low (Z score ≤ -2) in 38 (19.5%) patients in the diabetes study group. BMD in the diabetes group was significantly higher than the control group in both sexes at the hip and spine. The difference was no longer significant on analysis of a BMI matched control subgroup. Weight and BMI showed significant correlation to BMD. Duration of T2DM, degree of glycemic control, use of drugs like statins and thiazolidinediones, 25(OH) D levels, calcium intake, sunlight exposure and physical activity did not significantly affect BMD in this cohort of individuals with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Bone mineral density of Asian Indian T2DM subjects was similar to that of healthy volunteers in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vimal Nambiar
- Consultant of Endocrinology, MIMS Hospital, Calicut, India
| | - Vyankatesh Shivane
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Tushar Bandgar
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Padmavathy Menon
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Nalini Shah
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Akhter MS, Biswas A, Rashid H, Devi L, Behari M, Saxena R. Screening of the GPX3 gene identifies the "T" allele of the SNP -861A/T as a risk for ischemic stroke in young Asian Indians. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 23:2060-2068. [PMID: 25126700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiency of plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx-3) has been associated with platelet-dependent thrombosis. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of GPX3 gene have been found associated with the risk for ischemic stroke in Caucasian populations. The aim of our present study was to evaluate the impact of genetic variations in the GPX3 gene and plasma GPx-3 antigen levels on ischemic stroke in young Asian Indians. METHODS One hundred patients with ischemic stroke and 200 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. Genetic analysis for the study population was done by a combination of variant screening using single-stranded conformation polymorphism and final genotyping by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and allele-specific polymerase chain reactions. Plasma GPx-3 antigen levels were evaluated using commercial kits. Data were analyzed using genetic analysis software and statistical tools. RESULTS Significantly higher GPx-3 levels were observed in controls compared with patients (controls 26.37 ± 3.66 μg/mL and patients 22.83 ± 4.57 μg/mL, P < .001). Only the SNP -861A/T was found associated with stroke phenotype (P < .0001). The SNP -568T/C was observed to significantly influence plasma GPx-3 levels (P < .05). The haplotype carrying the risk "T" allele of SNP -861A/T was significantly over-represented in patients with stroke (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The T allele of -861A/T is a risk allele for the ischemic stroke phenotype. The -861A/T and -568T/C SNPs may show a statistically significant association with both plasma GPx-3 antigen levels and the stroke phenotype in a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Akhter
- Department of Haematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hina Rashid
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Luxmi Devi
- Department of Haematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhuri Behari
- Department of Neurosciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Saxena
- Department of Haematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Bhatt SP, Guleria R. Sleep apnea and fatty liver disease: The growing link and management issues. World J Respirol 2014; 4:11-18. [DOI: 10.5320/wjr.v4.i2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with metabolic, cardiovascular and neuropsychological disorders, with substantial morbidity and economic costs. OSA has been estimated to affect 4%-11% of the population, depending on age. Obesity is a significant risk factor for OSA. Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as an integral component of the metabolic syndrome, with insulin resistance as the central pathogenic feature. Estimates based on imaging and autopsy studies suggest that about 20%-30% of adults in the United States and other Western countries have NAFLD. Evidence now suggests that NAFLD is independently correlated to insulin resistance regardless of adiposity. Some authors have suggested that OSA may be another contributor to NAFLD development. In complex diseases, several or many different genes interact with environmental factors in determining disease presence or its phenotype. Individual genes only have a small effect on disease risk and can therefore be very difficult to identify. The genetic and hormonal determinants of OSA and NAFLD have received little attention. A wide variety of intermediate phenotypes and genes are involved in OSA and NAFLD which makes this syndrome genetically complex. Various adipokines, the most important of which are leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, resistin and interleukin-6, have a key role in NAFLD and OSA. Some studies have suggested that oxidative stress may also contribute to the development of NAFLD and OSA. Lifestyle intervention, insulin sensitizer drugs and bariatric surgery aim to improve metabolic syndrome, OSA and NAFLD but need further investigation.
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Bharmal N, McCarthy WJ. Authors' response to 'The association of religiosity with overweight/obese body mass index among Asian Indian immigrants in California'. Prev Med 2013; 57:907. [PMID: 24075817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazleen Bharmal
- Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Colles SL, Singh S, Kohli C, Mithal A. Dietary beliefs and eating patterns influence metabolic health in type 2 diabetes: A clinic-based study in urban North India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013; 17:1066-1072. [PMID: 24381886 PMCID: PMC3872687 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.122626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost 15% of India's urban adult populace now lives with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to characterize the eating patterns, knowledge, beliefs, and determinants of food choice, and assess associations with the metabolic health among urban Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 258 individuals (mean age 55.7 ± 10 years; body mass index 27.1 ± 4.8 kg/m(2); diabetes duration 10.1 ± 6.5 years) attending two out-patient clinics in New Delhi, India. Food-related information was collected during a semi-structured interview. Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data were recorded. RESULTS Beliefs related to health and diabetes played a role determining food choice and dietary patterns; erroneous views were associated with the poor food choices and greater metabolic perturbations. Average consumption of fruits/vegetables was low. Intakes were positively associated with intentions to manage diabetes; inversely associated with the waist circumference and negatively correlated with one's degree of personal responsibility for food choice. Household saturated fat usage was common. High fat intakes were positively associated with the taste preference, ratings of perceived "health-value;" waist circumference, glycosylated haemoglobin percentage (HbA1c%) and lipids. CONCLUSIONS Strategies to enhance diabetes control among Asian Indians are required and should encourage fruit/vegetable intake, personal accountability, and consider individual beliefs and preferences. Greater emphasis and resources directed to regular dietary and behavioral counseling may assist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Colles
- Charles Darwin University, Menzies School of Health Research, Wellbeing and Chronic Diseases Division, Darwin, Australia
| | - Shweta Singh
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Chhavi Kohli
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Ambrish Mithal
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Department of Endocrinology, Indraprasthra Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Bharmal N, Kaplan RM, Shapiro MF, Kagawa-Singer M, Wong MD, Mangione CM, Divan H, McCarthy WJ. The association of religiosity with overweight/obese body mass index among Asian Indian immigrants in California. Prev Med 2013; 57:315-21. [PMID: 23769898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the association between religiosity and overweight or obese body mass index among a multi-religious group of Asian Indian immigrants residing in California. METHODS We examined cross-sectional survey data obtained from in-language telephone interviews with 3228 mostly immigrant Asian Indians in the 2004 California Asian Indian Tobacco Survey using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS High self-identified religiosity was significantly associated with higher BMI after adjusting for socio-demographic and acculturation measures. Highly religious Asian Indians had 1.53 greater odds (95% CI: 1.18, 2.00) of being overweight or obese than low religiosity immigrants, though this varied by religious affiliation. Religiosity was associated with greater odds of being overweight/obese for Hindus (OR 1.54; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.22) and Sikhs (OR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.30), but not for Muslims (OR 0.69; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.70). CONCLUSIONS Religiosity in Hindus and Sikhs, but not immigrant Muslims, appears to be independently associated with greater body mass index among Asian Indians. If this finding is confirmed, future research should identify potentially mutable mechanisms by which religion-specific religiosity affects overweight/obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazleen Bharmal
- Department of Medicine, General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Iwamoto DK, Negi NJ, Partiali RN, Creswell JW. The Racial and Ethnic Identity Formation Process of Second-Generation Asian Indian Americans: A Phenomenological Study. J Multicult Couns Devel 2013; 41:224-239. [PMID: 25298617 DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-1912.2013.00038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This phenomenological study elucidates the identity development processes of 12 second-generation adult Asian Indian Americans. The results identify salient sociocultural factors and multidimensional processes of racial and ethnic identity development. Discrimination, parental, and community factors seemed to play a salient role in influencing participants' racial and ethnic identity development. The emergent Asian Indian American racial and ethnic identity model provides a contextualized overview of key developmental periods and turning points within the process of identity development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John W Creswell
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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Hameed UA, Manzar D, Raza S, Shareef MY, Hussain ME. Resistance Training Leads to Clinically Meaningful Improvements in Control of Glycemia and Muscular Strength in Untrained Middle-aged Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. N Am J Med Sci 2012; 4:336-43. [PMID: 22912941 PMCID: PMC3421911 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.99507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies in diverse ethnic groups have reported that progressive resistance training is effective for glycemic control. However, it is unknown whether this form of exercise therapy leads to clinically meaningful changes in metabolic, cardiovascular and anthropometric parameters in Asian Indians. Aim: The study was designed to investigate the efficacy of progressive resistance training on glycemic, musculoskeletal, anthropometric and cardiovascular variables in untrained middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients living in North India. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight untrained patients, 35 men and 13 women (mean ± SD age, 44.7 ± 4.2 years), with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into 2 groups: A group receiving progressive resistance training and a control group who provided participative involvement. The primary outcomes were glycemic control and muscle strength. Additionally, anthropometric and cardiovascular risk parameters were evaluated at baseline and after intervention or control program at 8 weeks. Results: Mixed ANOVA revealed a significant group-by-time interaction for the main outcomes of the study. Change in glycosylated hemoglobin was mean ± SD, 0.6 ± 0.5 in progressive resistance training group compared to no change in control group (P < .001). Progressive resistance training group showed a greater improvement in upper and lower body muscle strength (P < .001), waist circumference (P = .008), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .004). However, no significant group-by-time interaction was detected on body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions: A short-term progressive resistance training program leads to clinically meaningful improvements in glycemic control and muscle strength in untrained middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients of Asian Indian ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unaise Abdul Hameed
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Central University, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure serum chromium level in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) from Chennai, South India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty women with gestational diabetes, 60 age matched controls. INCLUSION CRITERIA Gestational age 22-28 weeks, age group 20-35 years. EXCLUSION CRITERIA Gestational age beyond 28 weeks, malnutrition or presence of infection. Serum chromium was measured using inductive couple plasma emission spectrometer. RESULTS Serum chromium levels of women with GDM, 1.59+/-0.02 ng/ml (range: 0.16-4.0 ng/ml) were lower than in controls (4.58+/-0.62 ng/ml; range 0.82-5.33 ng/ml) (P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences among cases and controls when subdivided by parity. CONCLUSIONS Women with GDM from a South Indian city had lower levels of serum chromium compared to pregnant women without GDM. Studies may be done whether chromium supplementation is useful in this group of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. G. Sundararaman
- Department of Endocrinology, Apollo Hospitals, Gream's lane, Off Gream's Road, Chennai, India
| | - G. R. Sridhar
- Endocrine and Diabetes Centre, 15-12-15 Krishnanagar, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - V. Sujatha
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chennai, India
| | - V. Anita
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chennai, India
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Bhagat N, Agrawal M, Luthra K, Vikram NK, Misra A, Gupta R. Evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms of Pro12Ala in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and Gly308Ala in tumor necrosis factor-α genes in obese Asian Indians: a population-based study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2010; 3:349-56. [PMID: 21437104 PMCID: PMC3047964 DOI: 10.2147/dmsott.s13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A population-based case control study was performed to determine the associations of Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARG) and Gly308Ala polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA) genes in obese subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS Of 1,400 eligible subjects, ≧20 years, we recruited only 1,127. For extreme phenotype case-control design, we evaluated 201 subjects with body mass index (BMI) ≧30 kg/m(2) (Group 1) and 143 with BMI <20 kg/m(2) (Group 2). Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical, and nutritional details and polymorphisms were estimated. RESULTS In Group 1, the dietary intake of calories and fats was higher, physical activity was lower, and prevalence of truncal obesity, hypertension, high total cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and diabetes was greater than in Group 2. There were no homozygous polymorphisms of either gene. Heterozygous Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPARG was found in 15 (7.5%) subjects in Group 1 and 3 (2.1%) subjects in Group 2 (P = 0.028), and heterozygous Gly308Ala polymorphism in TNFA was found in 19 (9.5%) in Group 1 and 7 (4.9%) in Group 2 (P = 0.115). Presence of heterozygous polymorphism in PPARG and TNFA-predicted obesity with univariate odds ratio ([OR], 95% confidence intervals) of 2.25 (1.32-3.84, P = 0.003) and 1.48 (1.10-1.99, P = 0.009) and with multivariate OR 1.74 (1.03-2.93, P = 0.038) and 1.46 (1.05-2.03, P = 0.024), respectively. The addition of dietary and physical activity variables did not result in significant change. CONCLUSION Obese Asian Indians have greater prevalence of heterozygous polymorphisms of Pro12Ala in PPARG and Gly308Ala in TNFA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Bhagat
- Department of Home Science, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Medicine, Fortis Escorts Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Department of Home Science, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naval K Vikram
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Fortis Escorts Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Correspondence: Rajeev Gupta, Department of Medicine, Fortis Escorts Hospital, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur 302017, India, Fax +91 141 4008151, Email
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