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Shoshani A. The roots of compassion in early childhood: Relationships between theory of mind and attachment representations with empathic concern and prosocial behavior. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 242:105880. [PMID: 38368743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on attachment representations and theory of mind as potential developmental origins of individual differences in preschoolers' peer- and adult-directed empathic concern and prosocial behavior. In two experiments, 3- to 6-year-olds were exposed to either a high-distressed or low-distressed adult or child using a laboratory setting (Experiment 1; N = 263) or hypothetical vignettes (Experiment 2; N = 202). Self-reported and coded expressions of empathic concern and prosocial behaviors were used as early indicators of compassion. The findings indicated that children expressed more empathic concern and engaged in more prosocial behavior in the high-distress condition than in the low-distress condition. Children's empathic concern and prosocial behavior increased with age. Secure attachment and theory of mind abilities played significant moderating roles in the association between distress conditions and empathic concern. Children with more advanced theory of mind abilities and secure attachment were better at recognizing the concerns of distressed peers or adults and showed significantly more empathic concern. Resistant and disorganized children exhibited more self-distress in response to others' distress. The implications for early interventions directed at increasing empathic concern and prosocial behavior are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Shoshani
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University (IDC Herzliya), Herzliya 46150, Israel.
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Heathcote C, Walton J, Kellett S, Millings A, Simmonds-Buckley M, Wright A. A feasibility and pilot additive randomised control trial of attachment security priming during behavioural activation. Behav Cogn Psychother 2024; 52:301-316. [PMID: 37933537 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465823000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some initial evidence that attachment security priming may be useful for promoting engagement in therapy and improving clinical outcomes. AIMS This study sought to assess whether outcomes for behavioural activation delivered in routine care could be enhanced via the addition of attachment security priming. METHOD This was a pragmatic two-arm feasibility and pilot additive randomised control trial. Participants were recruited with depression deemed suitable for a behavioural activation intervention at Step 2 of a Talking Therapies for Anxiety and Depression service. Ten psychological wellbeing practitioners were trained in implementing attachment security priming. Study participants were randomised to either behavioural activation (BA) or BA plus an attachment prime. The diagrammatic prime was integrated into the depression workbook. Feasibility outcomes were training satisfaction, recruitment, willingness to participate and study attrition rates. Pilot outcomes were comparisons of clinical outcomes, attendance, drop-out and stepping-up rates. RESULTS All practitioners recruited to the study, and training satisfaction was high. Of the 39 patients that were assessed for eligibility, 24 were randomised (61.53%) and there were no study drop-outs. No significant differences were found between the arms with regards to drop-out, attendance, stepping-up or clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Further controlled research regarding the utility of attachment security priming is warranted in larger studies that utilise manipulation checks and monitor intervention adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Walton
- Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Stephen Kellett
- Rotherham, Doncaster and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust and University of Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Andy Wright
- Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Bernier A, Côté SM, Leclerc G, Matte-Gagné C, Marquis-Brideau C. Revisiting the childcare- attachment question: under what conditions is childcare participation associated with mother-child attachment security? Attach Hum Dev 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38651702 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2024.2344521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Decades have passed since the controversy regarding the putative risks of childcare for mother-child attachment broke out. Yet, some uncertainty remains, as relevant studies have produced inconsistent evidence. Some have proposed that those conflicting findings may be due to the fact that the effects of childcare are conditioned on parenting. Accordingly, this study examined whether relations between childcare participation and mother-child attachment vary according to maternal sensitivity and autonomy support. In this sample of 236 mother-child dyads, there was no indication of main effects of childcare participation on attachment. There were, however, some interactive effects, such that the children who showed the least secure attachment behaviors were those who did not attend childcare and had either less sensitive or less autonomy-supportive mothers. The findings suggest that the effects of childcare on mother-child attachment are best understood in light of the parenting children receive at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Bernier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- École de Santé Publique, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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Bergert A, Welleschik L, Ditye T. "Why can't I say people's names?" Alexinomia as a widespread psychological phenomenon. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 246:104279. [PMID: 38643557 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological research has recently proposed alexinomia, characterised by an inhibited behaviour in saying names, as a distinct psychosocial phenomenon. Alexinomia is associated with anxiety and avoidance behaviours with regards to saying names and thus severely impacts every day social interactions and relationships. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of this newly established and poorly understood psychological phenomenon and to further determine its impact on everyday life. For this purpose, online advice and discussion forums were systematically searched for threads on and mentions of problems with saying names. We analysed a broad dataset from English-language comments discussing alexinomia-related experiences and behaviours, inclusive of varied demographics and geographical regions. The findings based on the qualitative analysis of 257 unique sources show that alexinomia is a widespread phenomenon. Moreover, the analysed online materials showed affected individual's use of a variety of effective and ineffective coping strategies and experience varying degrees of severity, which can potentially diminish with training. The study's results therefore highlight alexinomia as a relevant, yet highly under researched, field of study, and add to our knowledge on the experience of alexinomia in everyday life and its potential origins, especially relating to social anxiety and early-life familial dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Bergert
- Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Freud Platz 1-3, Vienna 1020, Austria
| | - Lisa Welleschik
- Association for Psychotherapy, Counselling, Supervision and Group Facilitation, Vienna, Austria, Strudlhofgasse 3/2, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute for Person-Centered Studies, Diefenbachgasse 5/2, A-1150 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Ditye
- Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Freud Platz 1-3, Vienna 1020, Austria; Association for Psychotherapy, Counselling, Supervision and Group Facilitation, Vienna, Austria, Strudlhofgasse 3/2, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Nir B, Sher-Censor E. Integrating attachment and linguistic perspectives on the coherence of narratives regarding close relationships: A qualitative illustration. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 246:104242. [PMID: 38636405 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In this multidisciplinary study, we offer an integrative view on the coherence of narratives regarding close relationships. We show how coherence, as conceptualized by attachment researchers, is manifested in discursive syntactic structure, as conceptualized by linguists. To illustrate this correspondence, we use narratives of six mothers about their adolescent child and their relationship. Narratives were elicited with the widely used Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) procedure and were coded according to the FMSS-coherence manual, tapping their clarity, consistency, and multidimensionality. In addition, the syntactic constructions employed by mothers were analyzed. FMSS were segmented into Clause Packages (CPs). Within CPs, overt syntactic markers, such as 'because,' as well as unmarked thematic and pragmatic relations, such as new vs. given information, were categorized as reflecting different levels of integration between clauses. As we demonstrate, mothers whose narratives were rated as more coherent employed more integrated CPs. We conclude by discussing the multi-layered nature of coherence. We consider how a multidisciplinary approach to coherence can enrich the understanding of personal narratives and open a new direction for research of close relationships as well as inform functional analyses of the linguistic expression of coherence.
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Pawliszak P, Beheshti A, Møller A, Blencowe A, Beattie DA, Krasowska M. Increasing surface hydrophilicity with biopolymers: a combined single bubble collision, QCM-D and AFM study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 667:393-402. [PMID: 38640658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Naturally extracted polysaccharides, such as guar gum, are promising candidates for environmentally friendly flotation reagents. It is hypothesized that the kinetics of collision of sub- to millimeter gas bubbles with a hydrophobic graphite surface, and the stability of thin liquid film formed between the bubble and surface is affected by an adsorbed layer of guar gum. EXPERIMENTS A combination of gravimetric (quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation) and imaging (atomic force microscopy) techniques was used to investigate the adsorption of guar gum on graphite surface, while high-speed camera imaging allowed for direct observation of the bubble collision process with guar gum-modified graphite surfaces with millisecond resolution. FINDINGS Atomic force microscope topography images revealed a guar gum concentration-dependent interconnected network of guar gum molecules adsorbed at graphite surface. These adsorbed molecules at low surface coverage, changed the wettability of the graphite surface, resulting in a film drainage time longer by an order of magnitude, while at higher surface coverage successfully prevented bubble attachment to the graphite surface. Most importantly, the adsorbed layer changed the strength of the bubble's bouncing off the graphite surface. This enhanced bubble bouncing can be correlated with the film drainage time and used to predict a successful bubble-particle attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pawliszak
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Enabling Eco-Efficient Beneficiation of Minerals, Australia
| | - Amir Beheshti
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Enabling Eco-Efficient Beneficiation of Minerals, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Amalie Møller
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Enabling Eco-Efficient Beneficiation of Minerals, Australia
| | - Anton Blencowe
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) Group, Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - David A Beattie
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Enabling Eco-Efficient Beneficiation of Minerals, Australia.
| | - Marta Krasowska
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Enabling Eco-Efficient Beneficiation of Minerals, Australia.
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Bautista A, Venta A. Attachment security and somatization: The mediating role of emotion dysregulation in a sample of Latinx young adults. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:165-171. [PMID: 38296054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatization has been linked to the underdiagnosis of mental health disorders among individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups, notably among Latinxs. While prior research has emphasized sociocultural factors, the exploration of potential inter- and intrapersonal mechanisms behind somatization remains limited. METHODS The current study examined the relation between attachment insecurity, emotion dysregulation, and somatization among Latinx young adults. Data were collected across seven separate Texas universities (N = 822). Most identified as female (76 %), were born in the United States (50.9 %) and were in their first or second year of university (60.6 %). RESULTS Hypothesis testing relied on two mediation models: maternal attachment security and paternal attachment security. The maternal attachment security model significantly predicted somatization, explaining 25 % of the variance. Notably, emotion dysregulation and maternal attachment security had main effects on somatization after accounting for country of origin, age, and gender. Results were similar for the paternal attachment security model. LIMITATIONS Limitations include skewed gender distribution, a non-clinical college student sample, cross-sectional design preventing causal inferences, and potential bias in self-report measures. CONCLUSIONS Attachment security and emotion dysregulation play an essential role in the experience of somatic symptoms among Latinx young adults. Our results suggest that health care providers take into account insecure attachment and emotion regulation history of Latinxs presenting with somatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Venta
- University of Houston, United States of America.
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Van der Watt ASJ, Du Plessis S, Ahmed F, Roos A, Lesch E, Seedat S. Hippocampus, amygdala, and insula activation in response to romantic relationship dissolution stimuli: A case-case-control fMRI study on emerging adult students. J Affect Disord 2024:S0165-0327(24)00664-5. [PMID: 38631423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Romantic relationship dissolutions (RRD) are associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Functional magnetic resonance imaging in RRD studies indicates overlapping neural activation similar to posttraumatic stress disorder. These studies combine real and hypothetical rejection, and lack contextual information and control groups exposed to non-RRD or DSM-5 defined traumatic events. AIM We investigated blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation in the hippocampus, amygdala, and insula of participants with RRDs compared with other traumatic or non-trauma stressors. METHODS Emerging adults (mean age = 21.54 years; female = 74.7 %) who experienced an RRD (n = 36), DSM-5 defined trauma (physical and/or sexual assault: n = 15), or a non-traumatic stressor (n = 28) completed PTSS, depression, childhood trauma, lifetime trauma exposure, and attachment measures. We used a general and customised version of the International Affective Picture System to investigate responses to index-trauma-related stimuli. We used mixed linear models to assess between-group differences, and ANOVAs and Spearman's correlations to analyse factors associated with BOLD activation. RESULTS BOLD activity increased between index-trauma stimuli as compared to neutral stimuli in the hippocampus and amygdala, with no significant difference between the DSM-5 Trauma and RRD groups. Childhood adversity, sexual orientation, and attachment style were associated with BOLD activation changes. Breakup characteristics (e.g., initiator status) were associated with increased BOLD activation in the hippocampus and amygdala, in the RRD group. CONCLUSION RRDs should be considered as potentially traumatic events. Breakup characteristics are risk factors for experiencing RRDs as traumatic. LIMITATION Future studies should consider more diverse representation across sex, ethnicity, and sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S J Van der Watt
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | - S Du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - F Ahmed
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - A Roos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E Lesch
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - S Seedat
- SAMRC Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Eichenberg C, Schneider R, Rumpl H. Social media addiction: associations with attachment style, mental distress, and personality. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:278. [PMID: 38622677 PMCID: PMC11017614 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media bring not only benefits but also downsides, such as addictive behavior. While an ambivalent closed insecure attachment style has been prominently linked with internet and smartphone addiction, a similar analysis for social media addiction is still pending. This study aims to explore social media addiction, focusing on variations in attachment style, mental distress, and personality between students with and without problematic social media use. Additionally, it investigates whether a specific attachment style is connected to social media addiction. METHODS Data were collected from 571 college students (mean age = 23.61, SD = 5.00, 65.5% female; response rate = 20.06%) via an online survey administered to all enrolled students of Sigmund Freud PrivatUniversity Vienna. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) differentiated between students addicted and not addicted to social media. Attachment style was gauged using the Bielefeld Partnership Expectations Questionnaire (BFPE), mental distress by the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18), and personality by the Big Five Inventory (BFI-10). RESULTS Of the total sample, 22.7% of students were identified as addicted to social media. For personality, it was demonstrated that socially media addicted (SMA) students reported significantly higher values on the neuroticism dimension compared to not socially media addicted (NSMA) students. SMA also scored higher across all mental health dimensions-depressiveness, anxiety, and somatization. SMA more frequently exhibited an insecure attachment style than NSMA, specifically, an ambivalent closed attachment style. A two-step cluster analysis validated the initial findings, uncovering three clusters: (1) secure attachment, primarily linked with fewer occurrences of social media addiction and a lower incidence of mental health problems; (2) ambivalent closed attachment, generally associated with a higher rate of social media addiction and increased levels of mental health problems; and (3) ambivalent clingy attachment, manifesting a medium prevalence of social media addiction and a relatively equitable mental health profile. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes are aligned with previous research on internet and smartphone addiction, pointing out the relevance of an ambivalent closed attachment style in all three contexts. Therapeutic interventions for social media addiction should be developed and implemented considering these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Eichenberg
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychosomatics, Sigmund Freud Private University, Freudplatz 3, Vienna, 1020, Austria
| | - Raphaela Schneider
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychosomatics, Sigmund Freud Private University, Freudplatz 3, Vienna, 1020, Austria.
| | - Helena Rumpl
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychosomatics, Sigmund Freud Private University, Freudplatz 3, Vienna, 1020, Austria
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Skelton E, Cromb D, Smith A, Harrison G, Rutherford M, Malamateniou C, Ayers S. The influence of antenatal imaging on prenatal bonding in uncomplicated pregnancies: a mixed methods analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:265. [PMID: 38605314 PMCID: PMC11007968 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal bonding describes the emotional connection expectant parents form to their unborn child. Research acknowledges the association between antenatal imaging and enhanced bonding, but the influencing factors are not well understood, particularly for fathers or when using advanced techniques like fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aimed to identify variables which may predict increased bonding after imaging. METHODS First-time expectant parents (mothers = 58, fathers = 18) completed a two-part questionnaire (QualtricsXM™) about their expectations and experiences of ultrasound (n = 64) or fetal MRI (n = 12) scans in uncomplicated pregnancies. A modified version of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) was used to measure bonding. Qualitative data were collected through open-ended questions. Multivariate linear regression models were used to identify significant parent and imaging predictors for bonding. Qualitative content analysis of free-text responses was conducted to further understand the predictors' influences. RESULTS Bonding scores were significantly increased after imaging for mothers and fathers (p < 0.05). MRI-parents reported significantly higher bonding than ultrasound-parents (p = 0.02). In the first regression model of parent factors (adjusted R2 = 0.17, F = 2.88, p < 0.01), employment status (β = -0.38, p < 0.05) was a significant predictor for bonding post-imaging. The second model of imaging factors (adjusted R2 = 0.19, F = 3.85, p < 0.01) showed imaging modality (β = -0.53), imaging experience (β = 0.42) and parental excitement after the scan (β = 0.29) were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with increased bonding. Seventeen coded themes were generated from the qualitative content analysis, describing how scans offered reassurance about fetal wellbeing and the opportunity to connect with the baby through quality interactions with imaging professionals. A positive scan experience helped parents to feel excited about parenthood. Fetal MRI was considered a superior modality to ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS Antenatal imaging provides reassurance of fetal development which affirms parents' emotional investment in the pregnancy and supports the growing connection. Imaging professionals are uniquely positioned to provide parent-centred experiences which may enhance parental excitement and facilitate bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Skelton
- Division of Radiography and Midwifery, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK.
| | - Daniel Cromb
- Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Alison Smith
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Gill Harrison
- Society and College of Radiographers, London, SE1 2EW, UK
| | - Mary Rutherford
- Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Christina Malamateniou
- Division of Radiography and Midwifery, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Susan Ayers
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
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Ma H, Wu Y, Lv X, Yang X, Hu P. Childhood environmental unpredictability and hoarding: Mediating roles of attachment and security. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 244:104198. [PMID: 38452617 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Life history theory provides a unified perspective for understanding human behaviors as adaptive strategies to specific environmental conditions. Within this theoretical framework, hoarding emerges as a behavior reflecting an evolved strategy in response to unpredictable environmental challenges, serving as a buffer against resource scarcity and enhancing survival prospects. This study aimed to explore the key roles of childhood environmental unpredictability, attachment, and sense of security in the development of hoarding. 662 participants completed scales on childhood environmental unpredictability, Revised Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR-R), sense of insecurity, and Savings Inventory-Revised (SI-R). The results showed that childhood environmental unpredictability was significantly positively correlated with hoarding. Attachment anxiety and sense of security individually mediate the effect of childhood environmental unpredictability on hoarding. Additionally, 'attachment anxiety--sense of security' and 'attachment avoidance--sense of security' serve as chain mediators in this relationship separately. This study offers insights into the cognitive-behavioral model of hoarding, highlighting the importance of life history theory in examining childhood environmental unpredictability's relationship with hoarding. It also integrates insights from the psychosocial acceleration theory into our comprehension of hoarding's development. Future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ma
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Yuhang Wu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiaojun Lv
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Psychology, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China.
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Valledor V, Lawler J, Jefferson S, Chow CM. Attachment style to body dissatisfaction, restrained eating, and disordered eating in adolescent girls: Differential weight communication mediators. Appetite 2024; 198:107321. [PMID: 38555019 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction and eating behaviors are disproportionately elevated amongst adolescent girls. Family relationships represent a context in which adolescent girls' body image issues emerge. Thus, we integrated attachment and confirmation theories to examine whether weight related supportive messages (i.e., acceptance and challenge) mediated the relationship between attachment style (i.e., anxiety and avoidance) and body image outcomes (i.e., body dissatisfaction (BD), restrained eating (RE), and disordered eating (DE)). Acceptance refers to weight related support that is characterized by warmth and accepting messages; challenge refers to weight related support that is characterized by instrumental assistance and problem-solving messages. A sample of 106 adolescent girls, ages 11 to 21, completed self-report measures on attachment (Relationship Structures Questionnaire), acceptance and challenge (weight related Parental Behavior Questionnaire), body dissatisfaction (Eating Disorders Inventory), and eating behaviors (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire; Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale). Attachment anxiety directly related to all body image outcomes, whereas attachment avoidance only directly related to RE. Attachment avoidance only related to BD and DE indirectly through perceived acceptance. Those with high anxiety endorsed lower perceived challenge, whereas avoidant individuals endorsed lower perceived acceptance and challenge. We concluded that attachment dimension characteristics to be either hyperactivated regarding relationships (i.e., anxiety), or deactivated and distant (i.e., avoidance), are associated with how individuals perceive support, and in turn, are related to body image and eating behavior outcomes. Further, we clarify the differential roles of acceptance and challenge. Although both supportive, acceptance encompasses a layer of warmth that is more meaningful in body image, particularly for avoidantly attached individuals. By integrating qualities of attachment and supportive weight communication, we reveal that potential pathways of attachment to body image and eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Valledor
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA.
| | - Jamie Lawler
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Stephen Jefferson
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Chong Man Chow
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
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Pedersen SH, Waage DA, Micali N, Bentz M. Families tackling adolescent anorexia nervosa: family wellbeing in family-based treatment or other interventions. A scoping review. Eat Weight Disord 2024; 29:20. [PMID: 38504003 PMCID: PMC10951015 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Family-based treatment (FBT) has contributed significantly to the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) in young people (YP). However, parents are concerned that FBT and the active role of parents in the task of refeeding may have a negative impact on family relations. The aim of the review is to assess whether families engaged in FBT for AN are more or less impacted in their family wellbeing and caregiver burden, compared to families with a YP diagnosed with AN, who are not undergoing treatment with FBT. METHOD Computerized searches across six databases complemented by a manual search resulted in 30 papers being included in the scoping review. RESULTS The review identified 19 longitudinal studies on change in family wellbeing in families in FBT-like treatments, and 11 longitudinal studies on change in family wellbeing in treatment where parents are not in charge of refeeding. Only three randomized controlled studies directly compare FBT to treatment without parent-led refeeding. CONCLUSION The available research suggests no difference between intervention types regarding impact on family wellbeing. Approximately half of the studies find improvements in family wellbeing in both treatment with and without parent-led refeeding, while the same proportion find neither improvement nor deterioration. As parents play a pivotal role in FBT, there is a need for good quality studies to elucidate the impact of FBT on family wellbeing. Level of evidence Level V: Opinions of authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Holm Pedersen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Dorthe Andersen Waage
- Center for Eating and Feeding Disorders Research, Mental Health Center Ballerup, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Denmark, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Nadia Micali
- Center for Eating and Feeding Disorders Research, Mental Health Center Ballerup, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Denmark, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Mette Bentz
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rimmington D, Roberts R, Sawyer A, Sved-Williams A. Dissociation in mothers with borderline personality disorder: a possible mechanism for transmission of intergenerational trauma? A scoping review. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2024; 11:7. [PMID: 38462614 PMCID: PMC10926641 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-024-00250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dissociation is a feature of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), but rarely a focus for research, particularly in the perinatal literature. BPD partly has its aetiology in childhood and is characterised by emotional changes and difficulty with self-coherence that impacts on the processes of caregiving. METHODS A scoping review was conducted to synthesise current perspectives on the effect of dissociation in caregivers with BPD, particularly regarding the impact of caregiver dissociation on the interactional quality of relationship within parent-child dyads. Studies were included if they explicitly mentioned dissociation in the target population, or if dissociation was implied. A thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS 20 studies were included; 10 experimental or quasi-experimental; 2 presenting case material; and 8 non-systematic review articles. 4 studies used the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) to measure dissociation, while 2 studies included a 'dissociative behaviour' subscale as part of an observational measure. The remaining studies did not measure dissociation but referenced directly or indirectly a concept of dissociation. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggested there was some evidence that dissociation plays a unique role in BPD caregivers' interactions with their offspring, however any findings should be interpreted with caution as the concept has been poorly operationalised and defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rimmington
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Rachel Roberts
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alyssa Sawyer
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anne Sved-Williams
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Perinatal and Infant Mental Health Services, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, SA, Australia
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15
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Bernot JP, Boxshall GA, Goetz FE, Phillips AJ. MicroCT illuminates the unique morphology of Shiinoidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), an unusual group of fish parasites. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16966. [PMID: 38464750 PMCID: PMC10921931 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The copepod family Shiinoidae Cressey, 1975 currently comprises nine species of teleost parasites with unusual morphology and a unique attachment mechanism. Female shiinoids possess greatly enlarged antennae that oppose a rostrum, an elongate outgrowth of cuticle that originates between the antennules. The antennae form a moveable clasp against the rostrum which they use to attach to their host. In this study, we use micro-computed tomography (microCT) to examine specimens of Shiinoa inauris Cressey, 1975 in situ attached to host tissue in order to characterize the functional morphology and specific muscles involved in this novel mode of attachment and to resolve uncertainty regarding the segmental composition of the regions of the body. We review the host and locality data for all reports of shiinoids, revise the generic diagnoses for both constituent genera Shiinoa Kabata, 1968 and Parashiinoa West, 1986, transfer Shiinoa rostrata Balaraman, Prabha & Pillai, 1984 to Parashiinoa as Parashiinoa rostrata (Balaraman, Prabha & Pillai, 1984) n. comb., and present keys to the females and males of both genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Bernot
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Freya E. Goetz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Anna J. Phillips
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States
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16
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Theodoropoulou O, Holyoak L, Caswell N, Gardner KJ. The continuation of non-physical abuse from childhood to adulthood in eating disorder patients: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 149:106661. [PMID: 38295605 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ED literature has focused on the physical forms of childhood abuse with respect to eating disorders, overlooking non-physical abuse even though eating disorder patients report the latter either as primary experiences or as a revival of their childhood experiences. Additionally, there is no literature exploring whether adult eating disorder patients who have experienced childhood non-physical abuse continue to experience abuse as adults, and if they do, how well-being is impacted or linked with eating pathology. OBJECTIVE This study explored the lived experiences of eating disorders patients who have experienced non-physical childhood abuse in childhood and adulthood. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS Six adult female eating disorder outpatients each took part in a semi-structured interview. METHODS This study used the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis framework. RESULTS Three master themes and eleven superordinate themes were drawn from the analysis, addressing the research question: continuation of non-physical abuse across a lifetime, developmental factors and non-physical abuse, and non-physical abuse and eating pathology. CONCLUSIONS The participants' accounts indicate that childhood non-physical abuse is related to eating disorder onset, and abuse continuation in adulthood contributes to the disorder's maintenance. Moreover, the lifelong consequences of non-physical childhood abuse impact psychological factors, such as self-esteem, attachment and emotion regulation, affecting the individuals' adult lives and keeping participants inside a vicious cycle of trauma re-enactment. Low self-esteem is considered by the participants as the key factor for their disturbed relationship with food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Theodoropoulou
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Lynda Holyoak
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Noreen Caswell
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Kathryn Jane Gardner
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, UK
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17
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Musetti A, Zagaria A, Pezzi M, Fante C, Dioni B, Raffin C, Manari T, Lenzo V, De Luca Picione R. Parental quality of life, child adjustment and adult attachment in parents of children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Res Dev Disabil 2024; 146:104684. [PMID: 38281373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may experience a lower quality of life (QoL) than parents of offspring with typical development. However, factors associated with parental QoL are not yet fully understood. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the relationships between parental QoL, child adjustment and adult attachment among parents of children and adolescents with ASD. METHODS AND PROCEDURES One hundred and eighty-eight parents of children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD completed a group of self-report questionnaires on sociodemographic variables, QoL (i.e., overall QoL and ASD symptoms-related parental QoL), child adjustment (i.e., offspring's total problems and prosocial behaviors) and adult attachment. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Structural equation modeling revealed that the overall parental QoL was negatively related to children's total problems and positively associated with prosocial behaviors, as well as with higher levels of secure attachment and lower levels of fearful attachment styles. Additionally, ASD symptoms-related parental QoL was negatively associated with the offspring's total problems. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This suggests that child characteristics may interact with parental characteristics to either enhance or compromise the QoL of parents of children and adolescents with ASD. Implications of these findings for promoting parental QoL are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Musetti
- University of Parma Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Zagaria
- Sapienza University of Rome Department of Psychology, Roma, Italy
| | - Mattia Pezzi
- University of Parma Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Fante
- Institute for Educational Technologies, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Dioni
- University of Parma Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, Parma, Italy; Fondazione Bambini e Autismo Onlus, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Cinzia Raffin
- Fondazione Bambini e Autismo Onlus, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Tommaso Manari
- University of Parma Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, Parma, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lenzo
- University of Catania Department Educational Sciences, Catania, Italy
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18
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Luyten P, Campbell C, Moser M, Fonagy P. The role of mentalizing in psychological interventions in adults: Systematic review and recommendations for future research. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 108:102380. [PMID: 38262188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Mentalizing is the human capacity to understand actions of others and one's own behavior in terms of intentional mental states, such as feelings, wishes, goals and desires. Mentalizing is a transtheoretical and transdiagnostic concept that has been applied to understanding vulnerability to psychopathology and has attracted considerable research attention over the past decades. This paper reports on a pre-registered systematic review of evidence concerning the role of mentalizing as a moderator and mediator in psychological interventions in adults. Studies in adults were reviewed that address the following questions: (a) does pre-treatment mentalizing predict treatment outcome; (b) do changes in mentalizing across treatment predict outcome; (c) does adherence to the principles or protocol of mentalization-based treatment predict outcome; and (d) does strengthening in-session mentalizing impact the therapeutic process via improved alliance, alleviated symptoms, or improved interpersonal functioning? Results suggest that mentalizing might be a mediator of change in psychotherapy and may moderate treatment outcome. However, the relatively small number of studies (n = 33 papers based on 29 studies, totaling 3124 participants) that could be included in this review, and the heterogeneity of studies in terms of design, measures used, disorders included, and treatment modalities, precluded a formal meta-analysis and limited the ability to draw strong conclusions. Therefore, theoretical and methodological recommendations for future research to improve the quality of existing research in this area are formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Luyten
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Pobox 3722, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK.
| | - Chloe Campbell
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Max Moser
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
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19
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Gander M, Buchheim A, Sevecke K. Personality Disorders and Attachment Trauma in Adolescent Patients with Psychiatric Disorders. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:457-471. [PMID: 37889355 PMCID: PMC10896792 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study examined how personality disorders (PD) differ with respect to gender, attachment status and traumatic childhood experiences in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. In particular, we investigated attachment-related traumatic material underlying adolescent PD. Our sample consisted of 175 inpatient adolescents aged 14 to 18 years (77% female, Mage = 15.13, SD = 1.35; 23% male, Mage =14.85, SD = 1.41). Thirty-nine patients (22%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for a PD according to the SCID-II PD: 51% avoidant, 13% obsessive-compulsive, 13% antisocial, 19% borderline, 2% paranoid and 2% histrionic. In the total sample, eighty-three (47%) of our inpatients were classified with an unresolved attachment status using the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP). We did not find any significant gender differences for patients with and without a PD. Our results revealed a higher percentage of unresolved attachment status in patients with a PD. The in-depth analysis of the total sample showed that patients with a PD demonstrated more traumatic material in their attachment interviews indicating a greater severity of attachment trauma. Furthermore, patients with a PD reported higher scores on emotional and physical neglect. Intervention strategies targeting traumatic attachment-related themes might be useful to treat adolescents with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gander
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tirol Kliniken, Milserstrasse 10, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Tirol, Austria.
| | - Anna Buchheim
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Kathrin Sevecke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tirol Kliniken, Milserstrasse 10, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Tirol, Austria
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
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20
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Miller KN, Bourne SV, Dahl CM, Costello C, Attinelly J, Jennings K, Dozier M. Using randomized controlled trials to ask questions regarding developmental psychopathology: A tribute to Dante Cicchetti. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38415397 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Dante Cicchetti, the architect of developmental psychopathology, has influenced so many of us in profound ways. One of his many contributions was in demonstrating the power of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to study the effects of Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP). These RCTs have shed light on causal mechanisms in development. Following Cicchetti and colleagues' work, we designed a brief home visiting program, Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC), to help parents respond in sensitive, nurturing ways, so as to enhance children's attachment and self-regulatory capabilities. In the current study, we assessed adolescents' reports of the closeness of their relationships with their mothers 12 years after their mothers completed the intervention. A total of 142 adolescents participated (47 randomized to ABC, 45 randomized to a control intervention, and 50 from a low-risk comparison group). Adolescents whose mothers had been randomized to ABC reported closer relationships with their mothers than adolescents randomized to the control condition, with significant differences seen on approval, support, companionship, and emotional support subscales. Consistent with Cicchetti et al.'s work, these results provide powerful evidence of the long-term effects of an early parenting intervention.
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Fonagy P, Luyten P, Allison E, Campbell C. Taking stock to move forward: Where the field of developmental psychopathology might be heading. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38389294 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, dedicated to Dante Cicchetti's contributions and enduring influence, we explore the prospective directions of developmental psychopathology. Our focus centers on key domains where Cicchetti's significant achievements have continually shaped our evolving thinking about psychological development. These domains include (a) the concepts of equifinality and multifinality, along with the challenges in predicting developmental trajectories, (b) the imperative to integrate wider sociocultural viewpoints into developmental psychopathology frameworks, (c) the interplay of genetic and environmental influences in developmental courses, (d) the significance of mental state language, and (e) the progress, or its absence, in the development of prevention and intervention tactics for children, adolescents, and their caregivers. While many of our forecasts regarding the future of developmental psychopathology may not materialize, we maintain optimistic that the essential ideas presented will influence the research agenda in this field and contribute to its growth over the next fifty years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick Luyten
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth Allison
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe Campbell
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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22
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Abo El-Dahab MM, El Deen GN, Aly RM, Gheith M. Infrared diode laser enhances human periodontal ligament stem cells behaviour on titanium dental implants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4155. [PMID: 38378776 PMCID: PMC10879096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54585-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Low level laser treatment (LLLT) is known for its photobiostimulatory and photobiomodulatory characteristics, which stimulate cell proliferation, increase cellular metabolism, and improve cellular regeneration. The objective of the present research was to assess the possible influence of infrared diode laser irradiation on the behaviour, attachment, and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) seeded on different types of dental implants. Two distinct types of implants, one subjected to laser surface treatment and the other treated with acid etching, were longitudinally divided into two halves and submerged in six wells culture plates. Both implants were subjected to infrared diode laser treatment, and subsequently, the morphology and attachment of cells were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after 14 and 21 days. The behaviour of (hPDLSCs) towards two types of implants, when exposed to osteogenic medium and low-level laser therapy (LLLT), was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to measure the expression of stemness markers and osteogenic markers. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that the application of infrared diode laser irradiation substantially improved the attachment of cells to both types of implants. The stemness gene markers were significantly down regulated in cells seeded on both surfaces when challenged with osteogenic media in relation to control. At 14 days, early osteogenic markers, were upregulated, while late osteogenic markers, were downregulated in both challenged groups. At the 21-day mark, hPDLSCs seeded on an acid-etched implant exhibited increased expression of all osteogenic markers in response to stimulation with osteogenic media and infra-red diode laser, in contrast to hPDLSCs seeded on a laser surface treated implant under the same conditions. Finally, the findings of our research revealed that when subjected to infrared diode laser, human periodontal ligament stem cells cultured on both types of implants demonstrated improved cellular attachment and differentiation. This suggested that infrared diode laser enhanced the activity of the cells surrounding the implants. Hence, the use of infrared diode laser could be pivotal in improving and expediting the clinical osseointegration process around dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Abo El-Dahab
- Department of Basic Dental Science, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Nour El Deen
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetic and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham M Aly
- Department of Basic Dental Science, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa Gheith
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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23
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Li Q, Yang K. Surface wear of attachments in patients during clear aligner therapy: a prospective clinical study. Prog Orthod 2024; 25:7. [PMID: 38369617 PMCID: PMC10874919 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This prospective clinical study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the surface wear of attachments and investigate the associated risk factors. Additionally, the wear values and regions of three types of commonly used attachments were explored. METHODS Participants were recruited from the population of patients who received clear aligner therapy from October to December 2022. Intraoral scanning was performed on eligible participants before treatment (T0), immediately after initial bonding of attachments (T1), and at 2 months (T2), 4 months (T3), 6 months (T4), and 8 months (T5) after starting treatment. The attachment volume, average depth and regions of attachment wear were measured using superimposed digitized models. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to compare data between multiple groups. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors for the volume of attachment wear. RESULTS A total of 47 patients with 617 attachments were included. As treatment time increased, the attachment volume decreased significantly (P = 0.003). The initial attachment volume was positively related to the volume of attachment wear (β = 0.527, P < 0.001). The volume of attachment wear was significantly greater in females than in males (β = 0.147, P = 0.020) and in optimized attachments than in conventional attachments (β = 0.308, P < 0.001). The wear of 3-mm rectangular attachments progressed from edges to buccal surfaces, with the deepest wear at corners of gingival edges; the wear of the optimized attachments was primarily located on surface ridges. The wear volume ratio of the optimized root control attachments was significantly greater than that of the 3-mm rectangular attachments at T3 (P = 0.011), T4 (P < 0.001), and T5 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The volume of attachment wear increased gradually with treatment time. Sex, attachment type, and initial attachment volume were risk factors for the volume of attachment wear. The deepest wear regions of 3-mm rectangular attachments were at the corners of gingival edges, while the deepest wear regions of optimized attachments were at surface ridges. Four months after treatment, optimized root control attachments showed more relative wear than 3-mm rectangular attachments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No.4, Tiantanxili, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No.4, Tiantanxili, Beijing, China.
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24
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Diaz-Ogallar MA, Hernandez-Martinez A, Linares-Abad M, Martinez-Galiano JM. Factors related to a disturbance in the mother-child bond and attachment. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 76:114-123. [PMID: 38377918 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Establishing an adequate bond and attachment between a mother and child is essential for preventing pathologies and developing this relationship in the future. PURPOSE To identify the factors related to a disturbance of the mother-child bond or attachment. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with women with a biological child between 6 weeks and 18 months of age. The Mother-Child Bond-Attachment Questionnaire (VAMF, for its name in Spanish) was administered to measure the bond and postnatal attachment together with a questionnaire containing sociodemographic, psychosocial, and health variables referring to the mother and the newborn. RESULTS 1114 women participated. The multivariate analysis showed that skin-to-skin contact (aOR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.90) and breastfeeding (aOR = 0.55; 95% IC: 0.35, 0.86) reduce the probability of presenting a bond disturbance. Anxiety during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (aOR = 3.95; 95% CI: 2.57, 6.05) and postpartum complications (aOR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.48) increase the chance of having a bond disturbance. Skin-to-skin contact (aOR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38, 1.00), breastfeeding (aOR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.80,) and an older age of the infant (months) (aOR = 0.77: 95% CI: 0.72, 0.82) reduces the probability of presenting an attachment disturbance. CONCLUSIONS Skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding are associated with a lower probability of impaired bonding and attachment. Anxiety states during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium, and complications after childbirth increase the probability of developing a bond disorder. The older the age of the infant, the lower the frequency of having an impaired attachment. IMPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE Identifying the factors associated with the establishment of the mother-child bond and attachment is essential for the development of prevention strategies and early identification of cases that may present alterations and avoid their consequences on the health of the mother and child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonia Diaz-Ogallar
- Unit of Clinical Management Jodar, Andalusian Health Service, 23500 Jodar, Spain; Nursing Department, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain.
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Martinez
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Ciudad Real Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Juan Miguel Martinez-Galiano
- Nursing Department, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Thornton EM, Dys SP, Sierra Hernandez C, Smith RJ, Moretti MM. Parent-Youth Attachment Insecurity and Informant Discrepancies of Intrafamilial Aggression. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-023-01662-2. [PMID: 38361075 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated how youth attachment anxiety and avoidance are associated with informant discrepancies of intrafamilial aggression within families where youth have clinically significant mental health challenges (N = 510 youth-parent dyads). Using polynomial regressions, we tested whether youth attachment avoidance and anxiety moderated the absolute magnitude of the association between youth- and parent-reports of aggression toward each other. Furthermore, difference scores were computed to test whether youth attachment was associated with the direction of youths' reports of the frequency of aggression relative to parents (i.e., did youth under- or over-report). Dyads' reports of youth-to-parent aggression were more strongly related at high than low levels of attachment anxiety. Results also revealed that youth attachment anxiety was associated with youth over-reporting of youth-to-parent and parent-to-youth aggression (relative to parents), whereas attachment avoidance was associated with youth over-reporting parent-to-youth aggression (relative to parents). These findings highlight the importance of understanding the source of informant discrepancies in social-emotional development and family functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Thornton
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sebastian P Dys
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Carlos Sierra Hernandez
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ryan J Smith
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Marlene M Moretti
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Masataka N. Is cannabidiol (CBD) effective to ease separation anxiety? Heliyon 2024; 10:e25851. [PMID: 38356586 PMCID: PMC10865324 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
CBD is the primary noneuphorizing and nonaddictive compound of cannabis. It has recently been shown to possess considerable therapeutic potential for treating a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders in humans, such as anxiety. In addition to humans, domestic cats are provided with such endocannabinoid system with which CBD interacts almost in the same manner researchers think it does in humans. However, little has been known about the clinical implications of CBD in the animals. Here the effects of CBD administration upon separation anxiety were evaluated in ten healthy cats. The animals experienced brief separation from their caregivers twice, once following the administration of CBD 4.0 mg/kg/day over a 2-week-period and once following the administration of sunflower oil alone as placebo. Upon the caregiver's return from a brief absence, response of the animal can be categorized into these three categories: reduced stress one with contact-exploration balance with the caregiver (the Secure Base Effect), remaining stressful and keeping proximity excessively, and avoidance behavior or approach/avoidance conflict (disorganized behavior). When receiving placebo administration, the cats spent more time in physical contact with the caregiver or, in avoidant behavior than when receiving CBD administration whereas they spent more time in proximity to the caregiver when receiving CBD administration than when receiving placebo (ps < 0.01). With the brief separation from their caregivers, the cats became distressed, and signs of such distress was more evident after the placebo administration whereas the Secure Base Effect was more distinct in the results of SBT when receiving CBD administration than when receiving placebo. The results suggest anxiety-reducing effects of CBD in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Masataka
- Center for Research of Developmental Disorders, Kyoto, Japan
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Gibson J. Trauma, early life stress, and mindfulness in adulthood. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:71. [PMID: 38355582 PMCID: PMC10865675 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This article is a review that was inspired by recent studies investigating the effects of childhood trauma or early life stress (ELS) and mindfulness in adulthood. One recent study found that some forms of abuse and neglect led to higher scores in several subscales of a self-report measure of mindfulness. The authors concluded that some forms of ELS can help cultivate certain aspects of mindfulness in adulthood. However, and in contrast to this recent finding, much of the extant literature investigating ELS and trauma are linked to emotional dysregulation, alexithymia, and a host of psychopathologies in adulthood which makes the results of this study surprising. Central to the mindfulness literature is cultivating an open, non-reactive, or non-judgment awareness of inner experiences which are important for emotional regulation. In this paper, I review some of the effects of trauma or ELS on critical neural circuits linked to mindfulness, interoception, attachment, and alexithymia which I hope may clarify some of the conflicting findings from this study and throughout the literature and provide additional context and a framework that may inform research investigating these two constructs going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gibson
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, 57701, United States of America.
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Darley A, Furlong E, Maguire R, McCann L, Coughlan B. Relationship and Attachment to Digital Health Technology During Cancer Treatment. Semin Oncol Nurs 2024:151587. [PMID: 38342642 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2024.151587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore the relationship that people with cancer and their family caregivers develop with symptom management technology during chemotherapy. DATA SOURCES A longitudinal and multi-perspective interpretative phenomenological approach was adopted. Data were collected using one-to-one in-depth interviews with people with colorectal cancer using supportive digital health symptom management technology (n=3) and their family caregivers (n=4) at two time points during chemotherapy treatment. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis and followed COREQ guidelines. CONCLUSION People with cancer and their family caregivers can develop emotional bonds with supportive symptom management technology during cancer treatment. Digital health technology can be experienced as a person guiding them during their cancer treatment. Participants felt vulnerable after the technology was returned to the research team. Participants recognized that it was not the technology that successfully facilitated them through their initial chemotherapy cycles; rather, the technology helped them learn to manage their symptoms and promoted their self-efficacy, as well as how to emotionally respond. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE The relationship and psychological bonds people with cancer and their family caregivers develop with technology during treatment may be critically important for oncology nurses to be aware of should digital health be prescribed within the outpatient model of cancer care. This study indicates that technology may not be needed for a full treatment experience, as digital health can promote confidence and self-efficacy regarding symptom management and prepare people with cancer to be independent after the digital health technology is returned to the research team. However, further research is needed regarding individual preferences for digital health provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Darley
- Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Eileen Furlong
- Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roma Maguire
- Professor, Department of Computing and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa McCann
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Computing and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Coughlan
- Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Kungl MT, Gabler S, White LO, Spangler G, Vrticka P. Precursors and Effects of Self-reported Parental Reflective Functioning: Links to Parental Attachment Representations and Behavioral Sensitivity. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-023-01654-2. [PMID: 38326634 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Parental reflective functioning is thought to provide a missing link between caregivers' own attachment histories and their ensuing parenting behaviors. The current study sought to extend research on this association involving 115 parents, both mothers and fathers, of 5-to-6-year-old preschoolers using the German version of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ). Our study was the first to combine Adult Attachment Interview classifications of parental attachment, behavioral observations of parental sensitivity and PRFQ ratings while drawing on a sizable father subsample. We found theoretically consistent significant relations between all measures, while our results particularly highlighted the role of dismissing attachment for decreases in parenting quality on both cognitive and behavioral levels as the dismissing status differentially affected specific components of self-reported parental reflective functioning and observed sensitivity. Interestingly, these patterns were largely comparable in mothers and fathers. Exploratory mediation analyses further suggested that decreased parental reflective functioning may partially mediate the relationship between parents' dismissing attachment and decreased parental sensitivity. Thus, for prevention and intervention programs targeting parental sensitivity and thus children's long term healthy mental development, the interplay between parental reflective functioning and parents' own attachment history emerges as a key mechanism. Finally, our study served as a further validation of the PRFQ given the caveat that the pre-mentalizing subscale may need further revision in the German version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie T Kungl
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Naegelsbachstrasse 49a, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Sandra Gabler
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Naegelsbachstrasse 49a, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars O White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Berlin Psychological University, Am Köllnischen Park 2, 10179, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gottfried Spangler
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Naegelsbachstrasse 49a, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pascal Vrticka
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1A, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Russet F, Maurice V, Picot MC, Laurent-Vauclare M, Gamon L, Alauzen A, Purper-Ouakil D, Hervé MJ. A non-randomized controlled study to assess the impact of the "Appui Parental", an early and intensive support programme for vulnerable families: Study protocol. Encephale 2024:S0013-7006(23)00212-9. [PMID: 38311488 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early home visit programmes have been developed to help parents build an adequate relationship with their baby and to prevent child developmental delays and affective disorders. The "Appui Parental" programme is an intervention carried out by nursery nurses to provide intensive parental support to vulnerable families. Before extending this programme, it seemed necessary to evaluate its impact objectively. OBJECTIVES The main aim is to determine the impact of the "Appui Parental" programme on the change in the child's symptoms. The secondary objectives are to evaluate its effects on mother-child interactions, self-assessed parental competence, perception of social support, primary caregiver's anxiety-depression symptoms, alliance with the nursery nurse, frequency of out-of-home placements, and nursery nurses' stress. METHOD This non-randomized prospective multicentre study would include 44 families who receive the "Appui Parental" intervention for a one to 20-month-old child (intervention group) and 44 families with the same vulnerability criteria who receive care as usual by the maternal and child protection services (control group). The child, parents, mother-child interaction, nursery nurse-mother alliance, and nursery nurse's stress will be assessed at month one and month 18 after inclusion. Comparisons between groups will be performed. CONCLUSION This study should provide the public authorities with objective data on this programme's impact and allow them to pursue its generalization. For professionals, the study should confirm the interest in close early parental support through home visits or should lead to rethinking some aspects of the programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérick Russet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHRU of Montpellier, St-Eloi University Hospital, Montpellier, France; Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), U1018, Inserm, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| | - Virginie Maurice
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHRU of Montpellier, St-Eloi University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Christine Picot
- Clinical research and epidemiology unit (Department of Medicale Information), CHRU of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), U1018, Inserm, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Monique Laurent-Vauclare
- Retired physician of STPMI (services territorialisés de protection maternelle et infantile), Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Gamon
- Clinical research and epidemiology unit (Department of Medicale Information), CHRU of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Alauzen
- Direction départementale de la protection maternelle et infantile, conseil départemental de l'Hérault, Montpellier, France
| | - Diane Purper-Ouakil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHRU of Montpellier, St-Eloi University Hospital, Montpellier, France; Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), U1018, Inserm, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Joelle Hervé
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHRU of Montpellier, St-Eloi University Hospital, Montpellier, France
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Paquette D, Dubois-Comtois K, Cyr C, Lemelin JP, Bacro F, Couture S, Bigras M. Early childhood attachment stability to mothers, fathers, and both parents as a network: associations with parents' well-being, marital relationship, and child behavior problems. Attach Hum Dev 2024; 26:66-94. [PMID: 38626163 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2024.2338089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the stability of child attachment to mothers and fathers separately, and to both parents as a network between the infancy and preschool periods using a sample of 143 biparental families and their children (73 boys) recruited from the general population. Attachment was assessed at 15 months with the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) and at 45 months with the Preschool Attachment Classification Coding System (PACS). First, results show no stability in attachment to mothers, to fathers, or to both parents as a network. Second, parents' mental health, life satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and child externalizing behavior are associated with attachment stability. Taken altogether, group comparisons reveal that children with a stable secure attachment to both parents as a network have parents with higher levels of well-being and exhibit less problem behaviors than children with 1) a stable secure attachment to one parent and an unstable attachment to the other parent (from secure to insecure or from insecure to secure), or 2) who never had a stable secure attachment to either parent. This study highlights the significance of attachment to both parents as a network over time as it is associated with developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paquette
- École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Karine Dubois-Comtois
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Riviéres, Canada
| | - Chantal Cyr
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jean-Pascal Lemelin
- Département de psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Fabien Bacro
- Faculté de psychologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Couture
- Département de psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Marc Bigras
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Takeda CSY, Luchesi SH, Martins FP, Trindade PHE, Damasceno AAP, de Souza Gomes I, Dos Santos RG, de Souza Monteiro JR, Otta E. Cat behaviour in the secure base test: Comparison between owned and shelter animals. Behav Processes 2024; 215:104989. [PMID: 38224845 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2024.104989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare affiliative behaviours of owned and shelter cats directed to human in a novel environment after a brief temporary absence of the person. A sample of 20 owned and 20 shelter animals were individually tested in a Secure Base Test, with three 2-min episodes: 1) cat accompanied by a person who sits on the floor inside a circle, 2) the person leaves and the animal is left alone, 3) the person returns, and sits inside the circle again. Three categories were used for coding videotapes of experimental sessions: (1) inside circle, (2) allo-rubbing and (3) tail up. Shelter animals showed more proximity maintenance and affiliative signs with a person than owned animals. Our findings suggested similarities between the secure base effect in cats and in human children: cats seek proximity and maintain contact with a person, displaying affiliative signs to the person, especially after being left alone frightened by an unfamiliar environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzana Helena Luchesi
- Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia (IP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Henrique Esteves Trindade
- Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Igor de Souza Gomes
- Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Emma Otta
- Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia (IP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil.
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Lin CS, Lu CH, Lin TH, Kiu YT, Kan JY, Chang YJ, Hung PY, Koval'skaya AV, Tsypyshev DO, Tsypysheva IP, Lin CW. Inhibition of dengue viruses by N-methylcytisine thio derivatives through targeting viral envelope protein and NS2B-NS3 protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 99:129623. [PMID: 38242331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a significant global health threat, causing millions of cases worldwide each year. Developing antiviral drugs for DENV has been a challenging endeavor. Our previous study identified anti-DENV properties of two (-)-cytisine derivatives contained substitutions within the 2-pyridone core from a pool of 19 (-)-cytisine derivatives. This study aimed to expand on the previous research by investigating the antiviral potential of N-methylcytisine thio (mCy thio) derivatives against DENV, understanding the molecular mechanisms of antiviral activity for the active thio derivatives. The inhibitory assays on DENV-2-induced cytopathic effect and infectivity revealed that mCy thio derivatives 3 ((1R,5S)-3-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-8H-1,5-methanopyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazocine-8-thione) and 6 ((1S,5R)-3-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-8H-1,5-methanopyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazocin-8-one) were identified as the active compounds against both DENV-1 and DENV-2. Derivative 6 displayed robust antiviral activity against DENV-2, with EC50 values ranging from 0.002 to 0.005 μM in different cell lines. Derivative 3 also exhibited significant antiviral activity against DENV-2. The study found that these compounds are effective at inhibiting DENV-2 at both the entry stage (including virus attachment) and post-entry stages of the viral life cycle. The study also investigated the inhibition of the DENV-2 NS2B-NS3 protease activity by these compounds. Derivative 6 demonstrated notably stronger inhibition compared to mCy thio 3, revealing its dual antiviral action at both the entry and post-entry stages. Molecular docking simulations indicated that mCy thio derivatives 3 and 6 bind to the domain I and III of the DENV E protein, as well as the active of NS2B-NS3 protease, suggesting their molecular interactions with the virus. The study demonstrates the antiviral efficacy of N-methylcytisine thio derivatives against DENV. It provides valuable insights into the potential interactions between these compounds and viral target proteins, which could be useful in the development of antiviral drugs for DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Sheng Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, No. 117, Shatian Rd, Shalu District, Taichung City 433, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Tung Kiu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ying Kan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; The Ph.D. Program of Biotechnology and Biomedical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chang
- The Ph.D. Program of Biotechnology and Biomedical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Hung
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Alena V Koval'skaya
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 prosp. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry O Tsypyshev
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 prosp. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Inna P Tsypysheva
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 prosp. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation.
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; The Ph.D. Program of Biotechnology and Biomedical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung41354, Taiwan.
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Gu Y, Waters TEA, Zhu V, Jamieson B, Lim D, Schmitt G, Atkinson L. Attachment expectations moderate links between social support and maternal adjustment from 6 to 18 months postpartum. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38273665 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Significant links exist between one's perception of available social support and mental health outcomes, including during the transition to motherhood. Yet, attachment theory posits that individuals do not benefit equally from social support. As such, we examined the influence of attachment representations (i.e., secure base script knowledge) as they potentially moderate links between social support and psychological distress in a 1-year longitudinal study of an ethnically diverse (56% White) sample of infant-mother dyads. We hypothesized that higher social support would predict lower maternal psychological distress and this relation would be strongest in those with higher secure base script knowledge. Results indicated that maternal perceptions of social support were significantly negatively correlated with psychological distress. Analyses revealed that secure base script scores significantly moderated these associations. Interestingly, for those high in script knowledge, low social support predicted greater psychological distress. For those low in script knowledge, social support was unrelated to psychological distress. This pattern suggested that those who expect care (i.e., high secure base script knowledge) but receive minimal support (i.e., low perceived social support) find motherhood uniquely dysregulating. Practitioners may do well to examine individuals' attachment expectations in relation to their current social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Gu
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theodore E A Waters
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Zhu
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Brittany Jamieson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle Lim
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leslie Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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35
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Song GZ, Chen BY, Li YJ, Wei X. [Osteoblastoma of cervical arch:a case report]. Zhongguo Gu Shang 2024; 37:95-7. [PMID: 38286459 DOI: 10.12200/j.issn.1003-0034.20220079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong-Jun Li
- Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
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36
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Paone E, Di Trani M, Visani E, Di Monte C, Campedelli V, Silecchia G, Lai C. Childhood traumatic experiences in people with obesity with and without eating disorders who are seeking bariatric surgery: the role of attachment relationships and family functioning. Eat Weight Disord 2024; 29:9. [PMID: 38253926 PMCID: PMC10803430 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study examines the impact of traumatic childhood experiences in people with obesity seeking bariatric surgery. It considers the presence of eating disorders (ED) in the population with obesity and tests the role of attachment and family relationships as mediators of the relationship between traumatic events and ED. METHOD 110 participants with severe obesity and 98 participants of a healthy weight (control group) filled out The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES IV). RESULTS Comparing the two groups on psychological variables, higher scores in the CTQ Emotional neglect and ASQ insecure attachment scales emerged in the control group than the group with obesity. Considering the presence/absence of an ED only in the group with obesity, and comparing these subgroups, higher scores in traumatic experiences emerged in the individuals with obesity and with ED than the individuals with obesity without ED. Moreover, participants with ED scored higher in ASQ insecure attachment and had lower levels of flexibility in family functioning than the group without ED. Finally, Logistic Regression models showed that insecure anxious attachment and dysfunctional familial relationships affected the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and the presence of ED in the group with obesity. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the importance focusing on psychosocial factors linked to obesity, specifically on attachment styles and familial relationships as emotion regulation strategies, since the impact of traumatic childhood events on psychopathology could be ameliorated by an individual's ability to rely on a significant attachment figure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Paone
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Polo Pontino, Bariatric and Metabolic Reference Centre SICOB, Sapienza University, Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Michela Di Trani
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Visani
- Italian Institute of Relational Psychotherapy (IIPR), Viale Regina Margherita, 269, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Monte
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Campedelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Silecchia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Bariatric Center of Excellence SICOB, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Lai
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Brusewitz G, Parker A. An experiment with three studies of physiological connectedness amongst twins and its possible relationship to attachment. Explore (NY) 2024:S1550-8307(24)00008-9. [PMID: 38331693 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Fourteen pairs of twins were selected on the basis of their high scores on The Exceptional Experiences Questionnaire (EEQ), which documents the frequency and intensity of telepathic and synchronistic experiences amongst twins. The twins alternated in the role of sender in which they were exposed to a surprise or shock stimulus and in the role of receiver in which their electrodermal activity (EDA) was monitored. Sender and receiver were placed in laboratory rooms at remote ends of a building separated by distance and barriers ensuring sensory isolation. Twins in the role of sender were presented with a series of surprise or shock stimuli during the period randomly selected for presentation. This was one out of the 8 periods occurring in the block of 5 min. Within the selected period, the actual presentation lasted 30 s and occurred at approximately the midpoint of the period. The stimulus presentation in this block of 5 min was repeated 5 times making thereby a 25-minute session for each twin belonging to the sender-receiver pair. During this session, the other twin in the role of receiver, had been equipped with electrodes recording EDA and otherwise advised to relax during the session. The task for the judge in the studies was to use the electrophysiological data from the non-shocked twin to identify the exact periods when the stimuli had been exposed to the sending twin. The EDA from 91 useable presentations were displayed and analysed for the purpose of locating any peak EDA response in each of the possible eight periods corresponding to the stimuli exposure times. Correct identifications would thus occur by chance one in eight times. The attempts at these identifications were carried out by GB, a researcher experienced at EDA interpretation but blind as to the periods that had been chosen for the stimulus exposure. The findings from the three experimental studies showed there were 18 correct identifications out of the total 91 stimulus exposures (MCE = 11.4), which reached statistical significance on a one-tailed t-test (p = 0.043), and with a binomial test (p = .03, one-tailed). However, only one of the three studies reached significance, in this case at the same level as the collective results (p = 0.043, one-tailed). Two explanations for this are the observed variability in the task-performances of the pairs of twins and in the differences in the sources of the twins for each of the studies. The results of a questionnaire entitled 'Experiences in Close Relationships' (ECR), adapted for twin relationships to assess their degree of attachment, indicated that those twins with many "correct identifications of epochs from the EDA" were not significantly different from the others on this measure of attachment. However, it should be noted that the twins here according to the ECR all had close emotional relationships to each other, thereby giving too little variation to adequately test the hypotheses concerning the role of attachment. The data provides justification for carrying out further studies using this methodology and furthermore that pairs of twins should be used with greater variation in attachment measures. The results are briefly discussed in the context of recent findings concerning the neuropsychology of experiences of synchronicity.
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Zheng H, Zhou Y, Fu L, Eli B, Han R, Liu Z. A Latent Transition Analysis of Aggression Victimization Patterns During the Transition from Primary to Middle School. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-023-01931-2. [PMID: 38217836 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
School transitions provide contexts for adolescents to reconstruct peer relationships and re-establish social positions. Scarce research has captured the transition of aggressor and victim roles during this period and examined associated factors. To investigate the stability and shifts of aggressor and victim roles following the transition to middle school, this study conducted latent transition analysis with 1261 Chinese adolescents (32.6% female, Mage in Grade 6 = 12.1 years, SD = 0.7). Three subgroups were identified across Grades 5 to 8: aggressive-victims, victims and uninvolved. Adolescents were more likely to transition from aggressive-victim and victim roles to the uninvolved group during the transition to middle school compared to the transitions within the same educational phase. Males and those with insecure parental attachment were at higher risk of being and remaining in the involved groups. The findings underscore the dynamic nature of adolescent aggression and victimization and highlight the transition to middle school as a critical window for interventions aimed at helping adolescents disengage from aggression and victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yueyue Zhou
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, PR China
| | - Lin Fu
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Buzohre Eli
- Department of Psychology, Normal College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Ru Han
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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39
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Mcleod S, Berry K, Taylor P, Wearden A. Romantic attachment and support adequacy in new mothers. J Soc Psychol 2024; 164:112-135. [PMID: 34951333 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.2006125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present research, we examined whether attachment anxiety and avoidance in support recipients were related to the extent to which social support received from a romantic partner matched the actual needs of the recipient. Two-hundred and forty-five first-time mothers, currently involved in romantic relationships, participated in study 1, in which perceptions of support were appraised over the previous month using self-reports. In study 2, we sought to replicate these findings using an experience sampling method to examine the association between attachment and momentary support perceptions in the daily life of mothers with babies (N = 40). Results indicated that high levels of attachment avoidance or anxiety in mothers were associated with negative appraisals of support matching. Receiving support which matched the needs of the mother (i.e., adequate support) was beneficial to mood, but not constructive to relationship satisfaction or perceptions of maternal efficacy.
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40
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Ciciolla L, Shreffler KM, Quigley AN, Price JR, Gold KP. The Protective Role of Maternal-Fetal Bonding for Postpartum Bonding Following a NICU Admission. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:11-18. [PMID: 38165585 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Admission of a newborn to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can be a highly stressful event that affects maternal psychological well-being and disrupts the early maternal-infant bonding relationship. Determining factors that promote maternal-infant bonding among those with a NICU admission is essential for the development of effective interventions. METHODS Using a longitudinal clinic-based sample of diverse and low-income pregnant women, we examined whether maternal-fetal bonding measured during the second trimester moderated the association between NICU admission and postpartum bonding measured at six months post birth, controlling for demographic characteristics. RESULTS Approximately 18% of the sample experienced a NICU admission at birth. NICU admission was associated with lower postpartum bonding (b = -8.74; p < .001, Model 1), whereas maternal-fetal bonding was associated with higher bonding reported at six months postpartum (b = 3.74, p < .001, Model 2). Results of the interaction revealed that women who reported higher maternal-fetal bonding reported higher postnatal bonding regardless of NICU admission status. DISCUSSION Because maternal-fetal bonding can be enhanced through intervention, it is a promising target for reducing the risks of NICU admission for the early maternal-infant relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ciciolla
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Karina M Shreffler
- Fran and Earl Ziegler College of Nursing, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 N. Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
| | - Ashley N Quigley
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Jameca R Price
- School of Community Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Karen P Gold
- School of Community Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tulsa, OK, USA
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McIntosh JE, Opie J, Greenwood CJ, Booth A, Tan E, Painter F, Messer M, Macdonald JA, Letcher P, Olsson CA. Infant and preschool attachment, continuity and relationship to caregiving sensitivity: findings from a new population-based Australian cohort. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:64-76. [PMID: 37501531 PMCID: PMC10952519 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we report new prevalence and temporal stability data for child attachment and parental caregiving behaviour, from infancy (1 year) to preschool (4 years). METHODS Attachment (SSP) and caregiving data (MBQS) were from observations of parents and their infants and preschoolers, who represent the third generation of participants within an Australian longitudinal cohort. RESULTS At 1 year (n = 314 dyads) and at 4 years (n = 368 dyads), proportions assessed secure were 59% and 71%, respectively. Proportions assessed avoidant were 15% and 11%; ambivalent 9% and 6%, and disorganised 17% and 12%, at 1 and 4 years. Continuity of attachment pattern was highest for the infant secure group. Of dyads initially classified disorganised in infancy, 36% remained so at the preschool assessment. Attachment and caregiving continuities across the infancy-preschool period were highest for the stable secure attachment group and lowest for the stable insecure attachment group. Loss of secure attachment to mother by age 4 years correlated with decreased maternal caregiving sensitivity, and acquisition of secure status by age 4 was associated with increased maternal sensitivity. We found no difference in caregiving sensitivity scores for mothers and fathers for female and male preschool children. CONCLUSIONS The contemporary infant and preschool attachment proportions we report here closely mirror the patterns of those reported in prior decades, with an inclination towards secure base relationships. Our findings alert practitioners anew to the responsiveness of early attachment status to change in caregiving responsiveness and support ongoing investment in early identification of disorganised attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. McIntosh
- The Bouverie Centre, School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
| | - Jessica Opie
- The Bouverie Centre, School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Christopher J. Greenwood
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthMurdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Anna Booth
- The Bouverie Centre, School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Evelyn Tan
- Centre for Evidence and Implementation – GlobalSingaporeSingapore
| | - Felicity Painter
- The Bouverie Centre, School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Mariel Messer
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
| | - Jacqui A. Macdonald
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthMurdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Primrose Letcher
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthMurdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Craig A. Olsson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthMurdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
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Fricchione G. Brain evolution and the meaning of catatonia - An update. Schizophr Res 2024; 263:139-150. [PMID: 36754715 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Back in 2004, in a chapter titled "Brain Evolution and the Meaning of Catatonia", a case was made that the syndrome's core meaning is embedded in millions of years of vertebrate brain evolution. (Fricchione, 2004) In this update, advances over the last almost 20 years, in catatonia theory and research in particular, and pertinent neuropsychiatry in general, will be applied to this question of meaning. The approach will rely heavily on a number of thought leaders, including Nicos Tinbergen, Paul MacLean, John Bowlby, M. Marsel Mesulam, Bruce McEwen and Karl Friston. Their guidance will be supplemented with a selected survey of 21sty century neuropsychiatry, neurophysiology, molecular biology, neuroimaging and neurotherapeutics as applied to the catatonic syndrome. In an attempt to address the question of the meaning of the catatonic syndrome in human life, we will employ two conceptual networks representing the intersubjectivity of the quantitative conceptual network of physical terms and the subjectivity of the qualitative conceptual network of mental and spiritual terms. In the process, a common referent providing extensional identity may emerge (Goodman, 1991). The goal of this exercise is to enhance our attunement with the experience of patients suffering with catatonia. A deeper understanding of catatonia's origins in brain evolution and of the challenges of individual epigenetic development in the setting of environmental events coupled with appreciation of what has been described as the most painful mammalian condition, that of separation, has the potential to foster greater efforts on the part of clinicians to diagnose and treat patients who present with catatonia. In addition, in this ancient and extreme tactic, evolved to provide safety from extreme survival threat, one can speculate what is at the core of human fear and the challenge it presents to all of us. And when the biology, psychology and sociology of catatonia are examined, the nature of solutions to the challenge may emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Fricchione
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine Division of Psychiatry and Medicine Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Skelton E, Cromb D, Smith A, van Poppel MPM, Morland C, Harrison G, Rutherford M, Malamateniou C, Ayers S. "It's not just the medical aspects that are important": A qualitative exploration of first-time parents' experiences of antenatal imaging and their influence on parent-fetal bonding. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:288-295. [PMID: 38064765 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antenatal imaging provides clinical information regarding fetal growth and development. The additional benefit afforded by imaging for expectant parents in developing an emotional connection (bond) to the unborn baby is also acknowledged. However, the relationship between imaging and bonding is not fully understood, particularly where there are differing parental and pregnancy circumstances, for example use of advanced imaging techniques or the prenatal diagnosis of a congenital fetal condition. This study aimed to explore the role of antenatal imaging in enhancing the developing parent-fetal bond in first-time parents. METHODS A descriptive, qualitative methodology was used. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with first-time expectant parents attending a London hospital for clinical ultrasound (n = 20) or research MRI (n = 8) imaging during pregnancy. The sample included parents receiving specialist antenatal care for a diagnosed fetal cardiac condition (n = 8). Thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS The analysis generated three themes: 1) Our baby, our scan too; 2) Destination parenthood; and 3) Being in the dark, then finding the light. These themes highlight the important, but transient role of antenatal imaging in enhancing parent-fetal bonding, as well as the differing care needs of expectant parents. The integral role of healthcare professionals in providing a personalised, supportive, imaging experience to facilitate bonding is also reflected. CONCLUSION Adopting parent-centred care approaches which involve expectant parents in fetal imaging influences bonding by helping parents to consider the reality of their impending parenthood. Knowledge acquired during scans is used to create an identity for the unborn baby, which parents can develop an emotional connection to. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE To optimise the potential for enhanced parent-fetal bonding, care provision in fetal imaging should be tailored to the individual needs of expectant parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Skelton
- Division of Radiography and Midwifery, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, EC1V 0HB, UK.
| | - D Cromb
- Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London, SE1 7EH, UK; Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - A Smith
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - M P M van Poppel
- Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London, SE1 7EH, UK; Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - C Morland
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - G Harrison
- Division of Radiography and Midwifery, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, EC1V 0HB, UK; Society and College of Radiographers, London, SE1 2EW, UK
| | - M Rutherford
- Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - C Malamateniou
- Division of Radiography and Midwifery, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - S Ayers
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, School of Health and Psychological Sciences City, University of London, EC1V 0HB, UK
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Karvonen K. Preparation of Borrelia-Infected Mammalian Cells for Helium Ion Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2742:123-129. [PMID: 38165620 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3561-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Preparation of mammalian cells for a Borrelia burgdorferi infection can be cumbersome especially if investigating possible cell entry processes. The initial steps of infection or entry into cells by a pathogen often involve attachment to the cell surface and plasma membrane changes. To topologically investigate with great resolution and detail these interactions of the pathogen and the mammalian cell, helium ion microscopy (HIM) can be employed. Here we describe a protocol used to define a specific multiplicity of infection (MOI) of Borrelia burgdorferi on a human chondrosarcoma cell line (SW1353) so that fine detail structures on the mammalian cell can be observed and quantified by HIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Karvonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, yväskylä, Finland.
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Iravani MM, Shoaib M. Executive dysfunction and cognitive decline, a non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease captured in animal models. Int Rev Neurobiol 2023; 174:231-255. [PMID: 38341231 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) have gained increasing attention in recent years due to their significant impact on patients' quality of life. Among these non-motor symptoms, cognitive dysfunction has emerged as an area of particular interest where the clinical aspects are covered in Chapter 2 of this volume. This chapter explores the rationale for investigating the underlying neurobiology of cognitive dysfunction by utilising translational animal models of PD, from rodents to non-human primates. The objective of this chapter is to review the various animal models of cognition that have explored the dysfunction in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Some of the more advanced pharmacological studies aimed at restoring these cognitive deficits are reviewed, although this chapter highlights the lack of systematic approaches in dealing with this non-motor symptom at the pre-clinical stages.
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Moniri M, Rashidi F, Mirghafourvand M, Rezaei M, Ghanbari-Homaie S. The relationship between pregnancy and birth experience with maternal-fetal attachment and mother-child bonding: a descriptive-analytical study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:426. [PMID: 38053200 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy and childbirth experience can be important factors for a pleasant relationship between mother and baby. This study assessed the relationship between the pregnancy and birth experience with maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) and mother-child bonding. METHODS A descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 228 pregnant women in Tabriz, Iran February 2022 to March 2023. Using cluster random sampling method, we included 228 women with gestational age 28-36 weeks and followed them up until six weeks postpartum. Data were collected in two stages using the following questionnaires: Pregnancy Experience Scale (hassles and uplifts), Maternal-Fetal Attachment Questionnaire (during the third trimester of pregnancy), Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire, and Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (six weeks postpartum). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and general linear model. RESULTS The mean score of MFA was significantly higher among women with feelings of being uplifted during pregnancy [β (95% CI) = 1.14 (0.87 to 1.41); p < 0.001]. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between pregnancy hassles and MFA and mother-child bonding (p > 0.05). Also, there was no statistically significant relationship between childbirth experience and mother-child bonding (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, pregnancy uplifts have a positive role in improving MFA. Therefore, it is recommended to plan interventions to make pregnancy period a pleasant experience for mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Moniri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rashidi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mansour Rezaei
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Ghanbari-Homaie
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Street, P.O. Box: 51745-347, 513897977, Tabriz, Iran.
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Kircelli BH, Kilinc DD, Karaman A, Sadry S, Gonul EY, Gögen H. Comparison of the bond strength of five different composites used in the production of clear aligner attachments. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 124:101481. [PMID: 37080356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aims of this study were to measure and compare shear bond strength (SBS) and manipulation time (MT) among five different composite resins (CR; two flowable and three highly viscous) which are used in the production of clear aligner attachments. MATERIAL AND METHODS This in vitro experiment study comprised of 150 extracted premolars which were divided into 5 equal groups. Predictor variables were CRs; Tetric Evo Ceram (Ivoclar VivadentAG, Liechtenstein) (Group 1), Tetric NCeram; (Ivoclar VivadentAG, Liechtenstein) (Group 2), Tetric N-Flow (GC Dental Products, Tokyo, Japan) (Group 3), G-aenial Universal Injectable (GC Dental Products, Tokyo, Japan) (Group 4), GC Aligner Connect (GC Dental Products, Tokyo, Japan) (Group 5), respectively. Outcome variables were; SBS and MT for each CR attachment in each group of teeth. Oneway ANOVA was used to compare the groups. Levene's test was used to determine variance homogeneity. In terms of variance homogeneity, Bonferroni tests were used as a post-hoc test for multiple group comparisons. RESULTS SBS was statistically different between study groups (p < 0.001). Average SBS values are found to be 16.6 ± 3.6 MPa for Tetric Evo Ceram; 20.7 ± 5.4 MPa for Tetric NCeram; 21.0 ± 4.0 MPa for Tetric N-Flow; 18.9 ± 5.0 MPa for G-aenial Universal Injectable; and 17.4 ± 3.5 MPa for GC Aligner Connect. The values in the Tetric Evo Ceram group were significantly lower than the Tetric N-Ceram group (p = 0.004) and the Tetric N-Flow group (p = 0.001). Mean value of shear bond strength in the GC Aligner connect group were significantly lower than in the Tetric N-Ceram group (p = 0.047) and in the Tetric N-Flow group (p = 0.017). Flowable composite had a significantly shorter manipulation time than the high viscous one; mean 1,08 ± 0,22 min to mean 4,57 ± 0,51 min, respectively. CONCLUSION Although SBSs of CRs tested in the study was found to be statistically different, they all quite exceeded the accepted clinically sufficient value of 6-8 MPa. Besides, flowable composite required substantially less time to manipulate than the high viscosity composite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmet Karaman
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sanaz Sadry
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enes Yusuf Gonul
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gögen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, European University of Lefke, Turkey
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48
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Raja I. Inessential objects: Cherished possessions in late life in Indian fiction. J Aging Stud 2023; 67:101184. [PMID: 38012944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2023.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Through close readings of three Indian short stories, this essay seeks to show how cherished possessions, such as a bed, a blanket and books, are not stable repositories of past memories but a means of materializing intergenerational relations within the family in the lived present and, perhaps even more interestingly, catalysts for new and hitherto unforeseen possibilities of self-discovery and connections with the world beyond. Part of the apparatus of self-care that older people can summon in the moment to supplement their selfhood, objects as presented in these stories appear to exceed their limited understanding as passive recipients of externally imposed meaning, with their complex and unstable signification finally shown to emerge through their mutually transformative entanglement with people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Raja
- Department of English, University of Delhi, India; Honorary Associate, Sociology, La Trobe University, Australia.
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49
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Krings W, Konn-Vetterlein D, Hausdorf B, Gorb SN. Holding in the stream: convergent evolution of suckermouth structures in Loricariidae (Siluriformes). Front Zool 2023; 20:37. [PMID: 38037029 PMCID: PMC10691160 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-023-00516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Suckermouth armoured catfish (Loricariidae) are a highly speciose and diverse freshwater fish family, which bear upper and lower lips forming an oral disc. Its hierarchical organisation allows the attachment to various natural surfaces. The discs can possess papillae of different shapes, which are supplemented, in many taxa, by small horny projections, i.e. unculi. Although these attachment structures and their working mechanisms, which include adhesion and interlocking, are rather well investigated in some selected species, the loricariid oral disc is unfortunately understudied in the majority of species, especially with regard to comparative aspects of the diverse oral structures and their relationship to the ecology of different species. In the present paper, we investigated the papilla and unculi morphologies in 67 loricariid species, which inhabit different currents and substrates. We determined four papilla types and eight unculi types differing by forms and sizes. Ancestral state reconstructions strongly suggest convergent evolution of traits. There is no obvious correlation between habitat shifts and the evolution of specific character states. From handling the structures and from drying artefacts we could infer some information about their material properties. This, together with their shape, enabled us to carefully propose hypotheses about mechanisms of interactions of oral disc structures with natural substrates typical for respective fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencke Krings
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Mammalogy and Palaeoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Konn-Vetterlein
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hausdorf
- Department of Malacology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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50
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Gregersen M, Ellersgaard D, Søndergaard A, Christiani C, Hemager N, Spang KS, Burton BK, Uddin MJ, Ohland J, Gantriis D, Greve A, Hjorthøj C, Mors O, Plessen KJ, Nordentoft M, Clemmensen L, Jepsen JRM, Thorup AAE. Attachment representations in 7-year-old children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: Associations with mental disorders and daily functioning: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study, VIA 7-A population-based cohort study. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:776-783. [PMID: 37309265 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attachment quality may affect psychological functioning. However, evidence on attachment representations and their correlates in children born to parents with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is sparse. METHODS We compared attachment representations in a Danish sample of 482 children aged 7 years at familial high risk of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and population-based controls and examined associations between attachment and mental disorders and daily functioning. Attachment representations were examined with the Story Stem Assessment Profile (SSAP). Mental disorders were ascertained in diagnostic interviews. Daily functioning was assessed with the Children's Global Assessment Scale. RESULTS We found no between-group differences in attachment. Higher levels of secure attachment were associated with decreased risk of concurrent mental disorders in the schizophrenia high-risk group. Higher levels of insecure and disorganized attachment were associated with increased risk of mental disorders across the cohort. Higher levels of secure and insecure attachment were associated with better and poorer daily functioning, respectively. In the current study, results regarding defensive avoidance could not be reported due to methodological limitations. CONCLUSION Familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder is not associated with less secure or more insecure attachment at age 7. Insecure and disorganized attachment representations index risk of mental disorders and poorer functioning. Secure attachment may be a protective factor against mental disorders in children at FHR-SZ. Validation of the SSAP is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Gregersen
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Ellersgaard
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla Christiani
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Søborg Spang
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen - Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jessica Ohland
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Gantriis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aja Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen - Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Clemmensen
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen - Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
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