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Khairuzzaman M, Hasan MM, Ali MT, Mamun AA, Akter S, Nasrin P, Islam MK, Nahar AU, Sarker DK, Hamdi OAA, Uddin SJ, Seidel V, Shilpi JA. Anthelmintic screening of Bangladeshi medicinal plants and related phytochemicals using in vitro and in silico methods: An ethnobotanical perspective. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 328:118132. [PMID: 38565411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Infections caused by parasitic worms or helminth continue to pose a great burden on human and animal health, particularly in underdeveloped tropical and subtropical countries where they are endemic. Current anthelmintic drugs present serious limitations and the emergence of drug resistance has made it increasingly challenging to combat such infections (helminthiases). In Bangladesh, medicinal plants are often used by indigenous communities for the treatment of helminthiases. Knowledge on such plants along with screening for their anthelmintic activity has the potential to lead to the discovery of phytochemicals that could serve as novel molecular scaffolds for the development of new anthelminthic drugs. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was i) to conduct an ethnobotanical survey to gather data on Bangladeshi medicinal plants used in the treatment of helminthiases, ii) to test plants with the highest use values for their in vitro anthelmintic activity, and iii) to carry out in silico screening on phytochemicals present in the most active plant extract to investigate their ability to disrupt β-tubulin function in helminths. METHODS The ethnobotanical survey was conducted across three sub-districts of Bangladesh, namely Mathbaria, Phultala and Khan Jahan Ali. The in vitro screening for anthelmintic activity was performed in a motility test using adult Haemonchus contortus worms. Virtual screening using PyRx was performed on the phytochemicals reported from the most active plant, exploring their interactions with the colchicine binding site of the β-tubulin protein target (PDB ID: 1SA0). RESULTS The survey respondents reported a total of 32 plants for treating helminthiases. Based on their use values, the most popular choices were Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., Azadirachta indica A.Juss., Carica papaya L., Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr., Curcuma longa L., Momordica charantia L., Nigella sativa L. and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. In vitro anthelmintic testing revealed that A. indica leaves and bark had the highest activity with LC50 values of 16 mg/mL in both cases. Other plant extracts also exhibited good anthelmintic activity with LC50 values ranging from 16 to 52 mg/mL, while the value for albendazole (positive control) was 8.39 mg/mL. The limonoids nimbolide and 28-deoxonimbolide showed a binding affinity of -8.9 kcal/mol, and satisfied all drug-likeness parameters. The control ligand N-deacetyl-N-(2-mercaptoacetyl)colchicine had a binding affinity of -6.9 kcal/mol. CONCLUSION Further in silico and in vitro studies are warranted on the identified limonoids to confirm the potential of these derivatives as novel drug templates for helminthiases. The current study supports the need for an ethnobotanical survey-based approach to discover novel drug templates for helminthiases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khairuzzaman
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Tuhin Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Sheuly Akter
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh; Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements, Dr Kudrat-e-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Papia Nasrin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khirul Islam
- Department of Life Technologies, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Akhlak Un Nahar
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Dipto Kumer Sarker
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Omer Abdalla Ahmed Hamdi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jamil A Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
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Fayyaz Z, Farrukh MA, Ul-Hamid A, Chong KK. Elucidating the structural, catalytic, and antibacterial traits of Ficus carica and Azadirachta indica leaf extract-mediated synthesis of the Ag/CuO/rGO nanocomposite. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:957-976. [PMID: 38174385 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The present exploration demonstrates the efficient, sustainable, cost-effective, and environment-friendly green approach for the synthesis of silver (Ag)-doped copper oxide (CuO) embedded with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite using the green one-pot method and the green deposition method. Leaf extracts of Ficus carica and Azadirachta indica were used for both methods as reducing and capping agents. The effect of methodology and plant extract was analyzed through different characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The lowest band gap of 3.0 eV was observed for the Ag/CuO/rGO prepared by the green one-pot method using F. carica. The reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and the formation of metal oxide was confirmed through functional group detection using FT-IR. Calculation of thermodynamic parameters showed that all reactions involved were nonspontaneous and endothermic which shows the stability of nanocomposites. XRD studies revealed the crystallinity, phase purity and small average crystallite size of 32.67 nm. SEM images disclosed that the morphology of the nanocomposites was spherical with agglomeration and rough texture. The particle size of the nanocomposites calculated through HRTEM was found in agreement with the XRD results. The numerous properties of the synthesized nanocomposites enhanced their potential against the degradation of methylene blue, rhodamine B, and ciprofloxacin. The highest percentage degradation of Ag/CuO/rGO was found to be 97%, synthesized using the green one-pot method with F. carica against ciprofloxacin, which might be due to the lowest band gap, delayed electron-hole pair recombination, and large surface area available. The nanocomposites were also tested against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Facile synthesis of Ag/CuO/rGO nanocomposite using a green one-pot method and the green deposition method. The lowest band gap of 3.0 eV was observed for nanocomposite prepared by a green one-pot method using Ficus carica. Least average crystallite size of 32.67 nm was found for nanocomposite prepared by a green one-pot method using F. carica. Highest antibacterial and catalytic activity (97%) was obtained against ciprofloxacin with nanocomposite prepared through green one-pot method using F. carica. A mechanism of green synthesis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirwa Fayyaz
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Core Research Facilities, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kok-Keong Chong
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
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Orozco-Ugarriza ME, Arrieta Caldera NP, Olivo-Martínez Y. Antimicrobial phytoconstituents from Azadirachta indica (neem) with potential inhibitor against FtsZ protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38516734 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2332946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a well-known pathogen for its rapid development of multi-drug antibiotic resistance. This pathogen is responsible for numerous human diseases, particularly affecting immunocompromised and elderly patients. Hence, discovering novel therapeutics has become necessary in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. This study is focused on evaluating the potential inhibitory activity of eleven phytocompounds from Azadirachta indica against the nucleotide-binding site of the FtsZ protein of P. aeruginosa through a cheminformatics approach. FtsZ is an indispensable and highly conserved protein in prokaryotic cell division. Docking studies revealed favourable binding energies (ΔG= - 8.3 to - 5.4 kcal/mol) for all selected phytoconstituents. Finally, we selected Nimbiol (CID 11119228), as a lead compound, exhibiting a binding energy (ΔG= -7.8 kcal/mol) for the target. Based on our findings, Nimbiol shows potential as an anti-FtsZ compound, making it a promising candidate for further in vitro and in vivo investigations to assess its antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio E Orozco-Ugarriza
- Grupo de investigación en Microbiología y Ambiente (GIMA), Universidad de San Buenaventura, Cartagena, Colombia
- Grupo de investigación traslacional en Biomedicina y Biotecnología (GITB&B), Corporación para el desarrollo de la Investigación en Biomedicina & Biotecnología, Cartagena, Colombia
| | | | - Yenifer Olivo-Martínez
- Grupo de investigación en Microbiología y Ambiente (GIMA), Universidad de San Buenaventura, Cartagena, Colombia
- Biochemistry and Diseases Research Group, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
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Rajendran P, Renu K, Abdallah BM, Ali EM, Veeraraghavan VP, Sivalingam K, Rustagi Y, Abdelsalam SA, Ibrahim RIH, Al-Ramadan SY. Nimbolide: promising agent for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases (recent update). Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:9650. [PMID: 38571915 PMCID: PMC10989234 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.9650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nimbolide, a bioactive compound derived from the neem tree, has garnered attention as a potential breakthrough in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Recent updates in research highlight its multifaceted pharmacological properties, demonstrating anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. With a rich history in traditional medicine, nimbolide efficacy in addressing the molecular complexities of conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer positions it as a promising candidate for further exploration. As studies progress, the recent update underscores the growing optimism surrounding nimbolide as a valuable tool in the ongoing pursuit of innovative therapeutic strategies for chronic diseases. Methods The comprehensive search of the literature was done until September 2020 on the MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Web of Knowledge databases. Results Most studies have shown the Nimbolide is one of the most potent limonoids derived from the flowers and leaves of neem (Azadirachta indica), which is widely used to treat a variety of human diseases. In chronic diseases, nimbolide reported to modulate the key signaling pathways, such as Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Wingless-related integration site-β (Wnt-β)/catenin, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and signaling molecules, such as transforming growth factor (TGF-β), Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), inflammatory cytokines, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins. Nimbolide has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer properties, which make it an intriguing compound for research. Nimbolide demonstrated therapeutic potential for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular, inflammation and cancer. Conclusion The current review mainly focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapecutic effects of nimbolide in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Basem M. Abdallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas M. Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalaiselvi Sivalingam
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yashika Rustagi
- Centre for Cancer Genomics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salaheldin Abdelraouf Abdelsalam
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rashid Ismael Hag Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Saeed Yaseen Al-Ramadan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Kumari P, Devi L, Kadian R, Waziri A, Alam MS. Eco-friendly Synthesis of Azadirachta indica-based Metallic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application & Future Prospective. Pharm Nanotechnol 2024; 12:PNT-EPUB-138704. [PMID: 38409695 DOI: 10.2174/0122117385262947240206055107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The process of producing the metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) in a sustainable and environment- friendly process is very desirable due to environmental hazards posed by climatic changes. Biomedical one of the fields classified under nanoscience, nanoparticles have a potential synthetic application, which makes it a vast area of research. These particles can be prepared using chemical, physical, and biological methods. One of the methods of synthesis of nanoparticles is by the use of plant extracts, known as green synthesis. Because of its low cost and nontoxicity, it has gained attention in recent times. This review was conducted to find the possible outcomes and uses of metallic nanoparticles synthesized using different parts like gum, root, stem, leaf, fruits, etc. of Azadirachta indica (AI). AI, a popular medicinal plant commonly known as neem, has been studied for the green synthesis of NPs by using the capping and reducing agents secreted by the plant. Various phytochemicals identified in neem are capable of metal ion reduction. Green synthesis of NPs from neem is an eco-friendly and low-cost method. These NPs are reported to exhibit good antimicrobial activity. The review covers the preparation, characterization, and mechanism associated with the antibacterial, anticancer, and neurological diseases of the MNPs. Furthermore, the limitations associated with the existing NPs and the prospects of these NPs are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Kumari
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurgaon-Badli Road Chandu, Budhera, Gurugram, 122505, Haryana, India
- Dhanrua School of Nursing & Paramedics, At- Awadhara, Pavery, Dhanrua, 804451, Patna, India
| | - Laxmi Devi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 026, India
| | - Renu Kadian
- Ram Gopal College of Pharmacy, Sultanpur, Gurugram, 122506, Haryana
| | - Aafrin Waziri
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Golf Course Rd, Sector 16 C, Dwarka, 110078, Delhi
| | - Md Sabir Alam
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurgaon-Badli Road Chandu, Budhera, Gurugram, 122505, Haryana, India
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Thamizharasan A, Rajaguru VRR, Gajalakshmi S, Lim JW, Greff B, Rajagopal R, Chang SW, Ravindran B, Awasthi MK. Investigation on the physico-chemical properties of soil and mineralization of three selected tropical tree leaf litter. Environ Res 2024; 243:117752. [PMID: 38008202 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaf litter has a major role in the structure and function of soil ecosystems as it is associated with nutrient release and cycling. The present study is aimed to understand how well the decomposing leaf litter kept soil organic carbon and nitrogen levels stable during an incubation experiment that was carried out in a lab setting under controlled conditions and the results were compared to those from a natural plantation. In natural site soil samples, Anacardium. occidentale showed a higher value of organic carbon at surface (1.14%) and subsurface (0.93%) and Azadirachta. indica exhibited a higher value of total nitrogen at surface (0.28%) and subsurface sample (0.14%). In the incubation experiment, Acacia auriculiformis had the highest organic carbon content initially (5.26%), whereas A. occidentale had the highest nitrogen level on 30th day (0.67%). The overall carbon-nitrogen ratio showed a varied tendency, which may be due to dynamic changes in the complex decomposition cycle. The higher rate of mass loss and decay was observed in A. indica leaf litter, the range of the decay constant is 1.26-2.22. The morphological and chemical changes of soil sample and the vermicast were substantained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thamizharasan
- Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - V R R Rajaguru
- Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - S Gajalakshmi
- Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India.
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Babett Greff
- Department of Food Science, Albert Kázmér Faculty of Mosomagyaróvár, Széchenyi István University, Lucsony street 15-17, 9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Rajinikanth Rajagopal
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC, J1M 1Z3, Canada
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
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Omar SA, Ashokhan S, Abdul Majid N, Karsani SA, Lau BYC, Yaacob JS. Enhanced azadirachtin production in neem ( Azadirachta indica) callus through NaCl elicitation: Insights into differential protein regulation via shotgun proteomics. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2024; 199:105778. [PMID: 38458685 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
With their remarkable bioactivity and evolving commercial importance, plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) have gained significant research interest in recent years. Plant tissue culture serves as a credible tool to examine how abiotic stresses modulate the production of PSMs, enabling clear insights into plant stress responses and the prospects for controlled synthesis of bioactive compounds. Azadirachta indica, or neem has been recognized as a repository of secondary metabolites for centuries, particularly for the compound named azadirachtin, due to its bio-pesticidal and high antioxidant properties. Introducing salt stress as an elicitor makes it possible to enhance the synthesis of secondary metabolites, specifically azadirachtin. Thus, in this research, in vitro callus cultures of neem were micro-propagated and induced with salinity stress to explore their effects on the production of azadirachtin and identify potential proteins associated with salinity stress through comparative shotgun proteomics (LCMS/MS). To induce salinity stress, 2-month-old calli were subjected to various concentrations of NaCl (0.05-1.5%) for 4 weeks. The results showed that the callus cultures were able to adapt and survive in the salinity treatments, but displayed a reduction in fresh weight as the NaCl concentration increased. Notably, azadirachtin production was significantly enhanced in the salinity treatment compared to control, where 1.5% NaCl-treated calli produced the highest azadirachtin amount (10.847 ± 0.037 mg/g DW). The proteomics analysis showed that key proteins related to primary metabolism, such as defence, energy, cell structure, redox, transcriptional and photosynthesis, were predominantly differentially regulated (36 upregulated and 93 downregulated). While a few proteins were identified as being regulated in secondary metabolism, they were not directly involved in the synthesis of azadirachtin. In conjunction with azadirachtin elicitation, salinity stress treatment could therefore be successfully applied in commercial settings for the controlled synthesis of azadirachtin and other plant-based compounds. Further complementary omics approaches can be employed to enhance molecular-level modifications, to facilitate large-scale production of bioactive compounds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Ainnsyah Omar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharmilla Ashokhan
- School of Biotechnology, MILA University, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nazia Abdul Majid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin Yii Chung Lau
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Sharma B, Upadhyaya D, Deshmukh P, Chakraborty S, Sahu K, Satapathy S, Majumder SK. Azadirachta indica (AI)leaf extract coated ZnO- AInanocore-shell particles for enhanced antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025014. [PMID: 38215483 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad1df7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
With the rise in microbial resistance to traditional antibiotics and disinfectants, there is a pressing need for the development of novel and effective antibacterial agents. Two major approaches being adopted worldwide to overcome antimicrobial resistance are the use of plant leaf extracts and metallic nanoparticles (NPs). However, there are no reports on the antibacterial potential of NPs coated with plant extracts, which may lead to novel ways of treating infections. This study presents an innovative approach to engineer antibacterial NPs by leveraging the inherent antibacterial properties of zinc oxide NPs (ZnO NPs) in combination withAzadirachta indica(AI) leaf extract, resulting in enhanced antibacterial efficacy. ZnO NPs were synthesised by the precipitation method and subsequently coated withAIleaf extract to produce ZnO-AInanocore-shell structures. The structural and morphological characteristics of the bare and leaf extract coated ZnO NPs were analysed by x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The presence of anAIleaf extract coating on ZnO NPs and subsequent formation of ZnO-AInanocore-shell structures was verified through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and photoluminescence techniques. The antibacterial efficacy of both ZnO NPs and ZnO-AInanocore-shell particles was evaluated against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureususing a zone of inhibition assay. The results showed an NP concentration-dependent increase in the diameter of the inhibition zone, with ZnO-AInanocore-shell particles exhibiting superior antibacterial properties, owing to the combined effect of ZnO NPs and the poly phenols present inAIleaf extract. These findings suggest that ZnO-AInanocore-shell structures hold promise for the development of novel antibacterial creams and hydrogels for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Sharma
- Functional Biomaterials Lab, Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Dipika Upadhyaya
- Department of Biotechnology, Holkar Science College, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pratik Deshmukh
- Functional Biomaterials Lab, Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sourabrata Chakraborty
- Functional Biomaterials Lab, Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Khageswar Sahu
- Functional Biomaterials Lab, Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srinibas Satapathy
- Functional Biomaterials Lab, Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shovan Kumar Majumder
- Functional Biomaterials Lab, Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
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Kumar P, Gautam S, Bansal D, Kaur R. Starch-based antibacterial food packaging with ZnO nanoparticle. J Food Sci Technol 2024; 61:178-191. [PMID: 38192709 PMCID: PMC10771396 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Starch-based biofilms with embedded nanoparticles (NPs) are used to wrap food in biodegradable packaging system that has high antibacterial action against a variety of microorganisms. In this study, ZnO NPs were synthesised using both a green synthesis approach utilising Azadirachta indica (Neem) and a chemical synthesis approach using the sol-gel technique. The structural and morphological properties of all synthesized NPs were characterized through XRD, UV-VIS, UV-DRS, FTIR, and FESEM analysis. Further, these NPs were employed in the development of starch-based biodegradable films. A meticulous comparative analysis was performed to evaluate the functional properties of the nanocomposites, encompassing crucial parameters such as film thickness, moisture content, swelling index, opacity, solubility, water vapor permeability, and tensile strength. In comparison to films embedded with chemically synthesised NPs (F1), nanocomposite with green synthesised NPs (F2) showed 15.27% greater inhibition against Escherichia coli growth and 22.05% stronger inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains. Based on the biodegradability analysis, the nanocomposite film-F2 showed a 53.33% faster degradation rate compared to the film-F1. The developed films were utilized to assess the quality of both wrapped and unwrapped grapes, leading to the generalization of the research for the development of starch-based antibacterial and environmentally friendly food packaging material. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05834-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kumar
- Advanced Functional Materials Lab., Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
| | - Sanjeev Gautam
- Advanced Functional Materials Lab., Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
| | - Deepika Bansal
- Advanced Functional Materials Lab., Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India
| | - Ravneet Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160-014 India
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10
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Maafoh C, Onyedibe K. Alternative first-line malaria treatment. Ann Afr Med 2024; 23:5-12. [PMID: 38358164 PMCID: PMC10922181 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_35_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a disease affecting millions of people, especially in Africa, Asia, and South America, and has become a substantial economic burden. Because malaria is contracted through the bite of a mosquito vector, it is very challenging to prevent. Bed nets and insect repellents are used in some homes; others do not have or use them even when available. Thus, treatment measures are crucial to controlling this disease. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is currently the first-line treatment for malaria. ACT has been used for decades, but recently, there has been evidence of potential resistance. This threat of resistance has led to the search for possible alternatives to ACT. In sub-Saharan Africa, Azadirachta indica, or simply neem, is a plant used to treat a variety of ailments, including malaria. Neem is effective against one of the more deadly malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum. Reports show that neem inhibits microgametogenesis of P. falciparum and interferes with the parasite's ookinete development. Although there is substantial in vitro research on the biological activity of A. indica (neem), there is limited in vivo research. Herein, we discuss the in vivo effects of neem on malaria parasites. With A. indica, the future of malaria treatment is promising, especially for high-risk patients, but further research and clinical trials are required to confirm its biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Maafoh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia, USA
| | - Kenneth Onyedibe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia, USA
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11
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Mehmood S, Ou W, Ahmed W, Bundschuh J, Rizwan M, Mahmood M, Sultan H, Alatalo JM, Elnahal ASM, Liu W, Li W. ZnO nanoparticles mediated by Azadirachta indica as nano fertilizer: Improvement in physiological and biochemical indices of Zea mays grown in Cr-contaminated soil. Environ Pollut 2023; 339:122755. [PMID: 37852317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The current investigation aimed at evaluating the impact of Azadirachta indica-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ai-ZnONPs) on the growth and biochemical characteristics of maize (sweet glutinous 3000) under exposure to 50 mg kg-1Ai-ZnONPs with Cr (VI) concentrations of 50 and 100 mg kg-1. The results indicate that plants exposed to Cr (VI) only experienced a decline in growth parameters. Conversely, the inclusion of Ai-ZnONPs caused a noteworthy increase in physiological traits. Specifically, shoot and root fresh weight increased by 28.02% and 16.51%, and 63.11% and 97.91%, respectively, when compared to Cr-50 and 100 treatments. Additionally, the SPAD chlorophyll of the shoot increased by 91.08% and 15.38% compared to Cr-50 and 100 treatments, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme traits of plant shoot and root, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD 7.44% and 2.70%, and 4.45% and 3.53%), catalase (CAT 1.18% and 3.20%, and 5.03% and 5.78%), and peroxidase (POD 0.31% and 5.55%, and 4.72% and 3.61%), exhibited significant increases in Cr 50 and 100 treatments, respectively. The addition of Ai-ZnONPs to the soil also enhanced soil nutrient status and reduced Cr (VI) concentrations by 40.69% and 19.82% compared to Cr-50 and 100 treated soils. These findings suggest that Ai-ZnONPs can trigger the activation of biochemical pathways that enable biomass accumulation in meristematic cells. Further investigations are required to elucidate the mechanisms involved in growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wenjie Ou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Mohsin Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Haider Sultan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed S M Elnahal
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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12
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Rehman G, Umar M, Shah N, Hamayun M, Ali A, Khan W, Khan A, Ahmad S, Alrefaei AF, Almutairi MH, Moon YS, Ali S. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Azadirachta indica Seeds Extract: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1677. [PMID: 38139804 PMCID: PMC10748007 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable, life-threatening syndrome that is present all over the world. The use of eco-friendly, cost-effective, and green-synthesised nanoparticles as a medicinal therapy in the treatment of DM is an attractive option. OBJECTIVE In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AI-AgNPs) were biosynthesized through the green synthesis method using Azadirachta indica seed extract to evaluate their anti-diabetic potentials. METHODS These nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometers (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), DLS, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The biosynthesized AI-AgNPs and crude extracts of Azadirachta indica seeds were evaluated for anti-diabetic potentials using glucose adsorption assays, glucose uptake by yeast cells assays, and alpha-amylase inhibitory assays. RESULTS Al-AgNPs showed the highest activity (75 ± 1.528%), while crude extract showed (63 ± 2.5%) glucose uptake by yeast at 80 µg/mL. In the glucose adsorption assay, the highest activity of Al-AgNPs was 10.65 ± 1.58%, while crude extract showed 8.32 ± 0.258% at 30 mM, whereas in the alpha-amylase assay, Al-AgNPs exhibited the maximum activity of 73.85 ± 1.114% and crude extract 65.85 ± 2.101% at 100 µg/mL. The assay results of AI-AgNPs and crude showed substantial dose-dependent activities. Further, anti-diabetic potentials were also investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Mice were administered with AI-AgNPs (10 to 40 mg/kg b.w) for 30 days. CONCLUSIONS The results showed a considerable drop in blood sugar levels, including pancreatic and liver cell regeneration, demonstrating that AI-AgNPs have strong anti-diabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.U.); (A.A.); (A.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.U.); (A.A.); (A.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Nasrullah Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (N.S.); (W.K.)
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.U.); (A.A.); (A.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Waliullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (N.S.); (W.K.)
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.U.); (A.A.); (A.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.U.); (A.A.); (A.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mikhlid H. Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Yong-Sun Moon
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
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13
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Navinraj S, Boopathi NM, Balasubramani V, Nakkeeran S, Raghu R, Gnanam R, Saranya N, Santhanakrishnan VP. Molecular Docking of Nimbolide Extracted from Leaves of Azadirachta indica with Protein Targets to Confirm the Antifungal, Antibacterial and Insecticidal Activity. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:494-512. [PMID: 38031617 PMCID: PMC10682360 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nimbolide, a tetranortriterpenoid (limonoid) compound isolated from the leaves of Azadirachta indica, was screened both in vitro and in silico for its antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Macrophomina phaseolina, Pythium aphanidermatum, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, and insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella. Nimbolide exhibited a concentration-dependent, broad spectrum of antimicrobial and insecticidal activity. P. aphanidermatum (82.77%) was more highly inhibited than F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense (64.46%) and M. phaseolina (43.33%). The bacterium X. oryzae pv. oryzae forms an inhibition zone of about 20.20 mm, and P. xylostella showed about 66.66% mortality against nimbolide. The affinity of nimbolide for different protein targets in bacteria, fungi, and insects was validated by in silico approaches. The 3D structure of chosen protein molecules was built by homology modelling in the SWISS-MODEL server, and molecular docking was performed with the SwissDock server. Docking of homology-modelled protein structures shows most of the chosen target proteins have a higher affinity for the furan ring of nimbolide. Additionally, the stability of the best-docked protein-ligand complex was confirmed using molecular dynamic simulation. Thus, the present in vitro and in silico studies confirm the bioactivity of nimbolide and provide a strong basis for the formulation of nimbolide-based biological pesticides. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01104-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Navinraj
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - N. Manikanda Boopathi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - V. Balasubramani
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - S. Nakkeeran
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - R. Raghu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - R. Gnanam
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - N. Saranya
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - V. P. Santhanakrishnan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
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Mlangeni AT. Health risk assessment of toxic metal(loids) (As, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Co) via consumption of medicinal herbs marketed in Malawi. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:145-152. [PMID: 37538931 PMCID: PMC10393791 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the potential health risks associated with consuming three commonly consumed medicinal herbs in Malawi: Azadirachta indica, Mondia whitei, and Moringa oleifera. The concentrations of five metal(loids) (As, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Co) were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, while their safety was assessed by comparing the measured values with the legislated maximum contaminant levels (MCL)and reported metal(loids) concentrations in other countries. The results indicated significant variations of metal(loids) concentrations amongst the studied medicinal herbs, with Azadirachta indica containing the highest mean As (0.078 ± 0.010 mg kg-1) and Cd (0.049 ± 0.05 mg kg-1) concentrations and Mondia whitei and Moringa oleifera contained the highest mean Co (1.01 ± 0.05 mg kg-1) and Cr (1.42 ± 1.18 mg kg-1) concentrations, respectively. However, the mean concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Co fell below the MCL set by World Health Organization (WHO), Alimentarius Commissions, and European Commission. The estimated daily intake (EDI) for each metal(loid) was less than 1, indicating that the studied medicinal herbs do not pose serious health risks to non-regular consumers. The study also emphasizes the importance of assessing the potential risks associated with consuming medicinal herbs contaminated with heavy metals or metalloids, as it can seriously threaten human health.
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Aljeddani GS, Alghanmi RM, Hamouda RA. Study on the Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of Adsorption of Crystal Violet Dye Using Ag-NPs-Loaded Cellulose Derived from Peanut-Husk Agro-Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4394. [PMID: 38006118 PMCID: PMC10674550 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A huge amount of textile dyes are released as industrial waste into the environment each year, which alters the water's natural appearance and causes toxicity and carcinogenicity in the human body. Peanut husk is considered an agro-waste and contains many valuable compounds, such as cellulose. Different concentrations of cellulose were extracted from peanut husk and then loaded with bio-silver nanoparticles, which were fabricated using neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) as a reducing agent to form Ag-cellulose nanocomposites (Ag-Cell-NCMs). Different devices were used to characterize Ag-Cell-NCMs. The TEM images displayed that the size of Ag-Cell-NCMs ranged between 13.4 and 17.4 nm after dye adsorption. The Ag-Cell-NCMs were used to adsorb toxic dyes such as crystal violet (CV). Different parameters were applied, such as the ratio of cellulose to Ag-NPs, pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, dye concentration, and the temperature required to reach the optimization conditions to remove CV dye from the aqueous solution. Different kinetics and isotherm models were applied to the experimental data to explain the mechanism of the adsorption process. The adsorption of CV on Ag-Cell-NCMs follows the pseudo-second order, and the best-fit isotherm was the Langmuir isotherm. The new composite was tested for the possibility of dye desorption and ability to be reused several times, and we found that the new nanocomposite can be reused for multiple adsorptions and there is a possibility of dye desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghalia Saleem Aljeddani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reem Mohammad Alghanmi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ragaa A. Hamouda
- Biology Department, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
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Irshad MA, Sattar S, Al-Huqail AA, Alghanem SMS, Nawaz R, Ain NU, Hussaini KM, Abeed AHA. Green synthesis and characterization of silver and copper nanoparticles and their use as an effective adsorbent for chromium removal and recovery from wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:112575-112590. [PMID: 37833594 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is one of the hazardous heavy metals that is naturally carcinogenic and causes various health problems. Metallic nanoparticles such as silver and copper nanoparticles (Ag NPs and Cu NPs) have gained great attention because of their unique chemical, physical, and biological attributes, serving diverse and significant role in various useful and sustainable applications. In the present study, both of these NPs were synthesized by green method in which Azadirachta indica plant extract was used. These nanoparticles were characterized by using advanced instrumental techniques such as Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope attached with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and elemental mapping. These environmentally friendly nanoparticles were utilized for the batch removal of Cr from the wastewater. For analysis of adsorption behaviour, a range of kinetic isotherm models (Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin, and Langmuir) and kinetic models (pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order) were used for the Cu-NPs and Ag-NPs. Cu NPs exhibited the highest Cr removal efficiency (96%) within a contact time of 10-15 min, closely followed by Ag NPs which achieved a removal efficiency of 94% under the similar conditions. These optimal outcomes were observed at a sorbent dose of 0.5 g/L for Ag NPs and 0.7 g/L for Cu NPs. After effectively capturing Cr using these nanoparticles, the sorbates were examined through SEM-EDX analysis to observe how much Cr metal was attached to the nanoparticles, potentially for future use. The analysis found that Ag-NPs captured 18% of Cr, while Cu-NPs captured 12% from the aqueous solution. More precise experimental conditions are needed for higher Cr removal from wastewater and determination of the best conditions for industrial-level Cr reuse. Although nanomaterial exhibit high efficiency and selectivity for Cr removal and recovery from wastewater, more research is necessary to optimize their synthesis and performance for industrial-scale applications and develop efficient methods for Cr removal and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atif Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Sattar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Arwa Abdulkreem Al-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman M S Alghanem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rab Nawaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
- Research and Knowledge Transfer, INTI International University, 71800, Putra Nilai, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Ul Ain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmud Hussaini
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amany H A Abeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
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Sang SH, Akowuah GA, Liew KB, Lee SK, Keng JW, Lee SK, Yon JAL, Tan CS, Chew YL. Natural alternatives from your garden for hair care: Revisiting the benefits of tropical herbs. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21876. [PMID: 38034771 PMCID: PMC10685248 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair shampoos containing botanical ingredients without synthetic additives, such as parabens, petrochemicals, sulfates and silicones are more skin- and environmentally friendly. In recent years, there is a growing demand for shampoo products with botanical extracts. Shampoos with botanical extracts are well-known for their perceived health benefits. They are also generally milder, non-toxic, natural, and less likely to disrupt the hair and scalp's natural pH and oil balance. Many also believe that shampoos with botanical origins have higher standards of quality. Numerous botanical extracts had been used as natural active ingredients in cosmetic formulations to meet consumer demands. In this review, we have revisited six tropical plants commonly added as natural active ingredients in shampoo formulations: Acacia concinna, Camellia oleifera, Azadirachta indica, Emblica officinalis, Sapindus mukorossi, and Garcinia mangostana. These plants have been traditionally used for hair care, and scientific research has shown that they exhibit relevant physicochemical properties and biological activities that are beneficial for hair care and scalp maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Huey Sang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Kai Bin Liew
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, Cyber 11, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Keah Lee
- M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jing-Wen Keng
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sue-Kei Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jessica-Ai-Lyn Yon
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ching Siang Tan
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia
| | - Yik-Ling Chew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Vijeata A, Chaudhary GR, Chaudhary S, Umar A. Biogenic synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots using Azadirachta indica leaves: An eco-friendly approach with enhanced photocatalytic degradation efficiency towards Malachite green. Chemosphere 2023; 341:139946. [PMID: 37640216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
A simpler and efficient method has been developed for the green synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) from Azadirachta Indica leaves. The surface morphology of developed CDs has shown the existence of spherical particles in the size range of 3-8 nm with superior biocompatibility and high quantum yield value i.e. 42.3%. The particles exhibited a highly fluorescent and crystalline nature along with a bandgap value of 4.02 eV. The prepared CDs served as a factorial design for the sensing and degradation of Malachite green among other dyes. The main perspective of the current finding is that the designed catalyst exhibits excellent sensing results towards Malachite green with a limit of detection i.e. 0.144 μM in the concentration range of 0-50 μM. Moreover, the UV triggered results of photocatalysis illustrated a good dye removal efficacy by developed CDs with an average of 90.73, 98.25, 52 and 6.13% degradation in Methylene blue (MB), Malachite green (MG), Rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) and Methyl orange (MO) upon 70 min of irradiation with mercury lamp. Additionally, the proton NMR, FTIR and FESEM results of the recycled samples also confirm the complete degradation of MG dye with the application of N-CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Vijeata
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ganga Ram Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Savita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.
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Nath R, Baishya S, Nath D, Nahar L, Sarker SD, Choudhury MD, Talukdar AD. Identifying druggable targets from active constituents of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. for non-small cell lung cancer using network pharmacology and validation through molecular docking. Phytochem Anal 2023; 34:855-868. [PMID: 37337376 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Azadirachta indica A. Juss. is a well-known medicinal plant that has been used traditionally to cure various ailments in every corner of the globe. There are many in vitro and in vivo experimental evidences in connection with the bioactivity of the extracts of this plant. Lung cancer is the deadliest form of cancer and contributes to the most cancer related deaths. The mode of action of anticancer components of this plant is still to be established explicitly. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify druggable targets of active constituents of A. indica A. Juss. for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using network pharmacology and validation of activity through molecular docking analysis. METHODOLOGY Targets of all the active phytochemicals from A. indica were predicted and genes related to NSCLC were retrieved. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the overlapping genes were prepared. Various databases and servers were employed to analyse the disease pathway enrichment analysis of the clustered genes. Validation of the gene/protein activity was achieved by performing molecular docking, and ADMET profiling of selected phytocompounds was performed. RESULT Gene networking revealed three key target genes as EGFR, BRAF and PIK3CA against NSCLC by the active components of A. indica. Molecular docking and ADMET analysis further validated that desacetylnimbin, nimbandiol, nimbin, nimbinene, nimbolide, salannin and vepinin are the best suited anti- NSCLC among all the phytocompounds present in this plant. CONCLUSION The present study has provided a better understanding of the pharmacological effects of active components from A. indica and its potential therapeutic effect on NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Nath
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Somorita Baishya
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Deepa Nath
- Department of Botany, Guru Charan College, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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Gawai AA, Kharat AR, Chorge SS, Dhawale SA. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated Azadirachta indica extract and study of their characterization, molecular docking, and antibacterial activity. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e3051. [PMID: 37594180 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The green production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produces AgNPs with minimum influence on the environment by using plant components such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, lipids, enzymes, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyphenols as reducing agents. In the present investigation, Azadirachta indica leaf extract was used to form AgNPs from a 1 mM silver nitrate solution. The plan proved to be incredibly straightforward, cost-effective, and effective. The production of the nanoparticles was observed visually, where the colorless fluid turns into a brown-colored solution. Further research was carried out using x-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in addition to UV-visible spectroscopy. The size range of AgNPs determined by TEM was 10-30 nm. When the diffusion technique was employed to demonstrate the antibacterial effect of AgNPs on various pathogens, the zones of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli, when 50 g of AgNPs were used were 16, 12, and 17 mm, respectively. By examining the leakage of reducing sugars and proteins, the mechanism by which nanoparticle antibacterial properties were explored, showed that AgNPs were capable of lowering membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish A Gawai
- Anuradha College of Pharmacy, Chikhli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol R Kharat
- Government College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Sachin A Dhawale
- Shreeyash Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
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21
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Abdulai SI, Ishola AA, Bewaji CO. Antimalarial Activities of a Therapeutic Combination of Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica and Morinda lucida Leaves: A Molecular View of its Activity on Plasmodium falciparum Proteins. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:659-675. [PMID: 37474844 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00698-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for new antimalarial drugs remains elusive prompting research into antimalarial combinations from medicinal plants due to their cheapness, efficacy and availability. Azadirachta indica (AI), Morinda lucida (ML) and Mangifera indica (MI) have all been reported as potent antimalarial plants. PURPOSE This study evaluated the efficacy of an antimalarial combination therapeutics prepared from leaves of AI, ML and MI using in vitro, in vivo and molecular methods. METHODS Refined extracts of the plants combination was made by partitioning the aqueous extract of plants combinations (AI + MI, AI + ML, MI + ML, AI + MI + ML) using methanol and ethyl acetate consecutively. The resulting ethyl acetate partitioned fraction was evaluated for its antimalarial activity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were employed to determine the possible mechanism of action of the constituent of the most active combination against four important P. falciparum proteins. RESULTS The result revealed that the refined extract from combinations AI + ML and MI + ML at 16 mg/kg bodyweight have the highest chemo-suppressive effect of 90.7% and 91.0% respectively compared to chloroquine's 100% at 10 mg/kg. Also, refined extract from MI + ML combination improved PCV levels significantly (p < 0.05) compared to controls. Molecular docking revealed oleanolic acid and ursolic acid as multiple inhibitors of plasmepsin II, hiso-aspartic protease, falcipain-2 and P. falciparum Eonyl acyl-carrier protein reductase with relative stability during 100 ns of simulation. CONCLUSION The study unveiled the potentials of ML and MI as good candidates for antimalarial combination therapy and further established their use together as revealed in folklore medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliat Iyabode Abdulai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry and Nutrition Unit, Fountain University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Ahmed Adebayo Ishola
- Central Research Lab, 132B, University Road, Tanke, Ilorin, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
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Murugan R, Haridevamuthu B, Kumar RS, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, Arockiaraj J. Deacetyl epoxyazadiradione ameliorates BPA-induced neurotoxicity by mitigating ROS and inflammatory markers in N9 cells and zebrafish larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023:109692. [PMID: 37394128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) leaches from plastic products have become a major inevitable concern among the research society. Human exposure to BPA leads to deleterious effects on multiple organs by the induced hyper inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. Due to the compromised antioxidant mechanism, the brain environment was highly susceptible and required special concern to ameliorate the effects of BPA. Hence, this study investigates the potential of neem-derived semi natural deacetyl epoxyazadiradione (DEA) against the oxidative stress and inflammatory response induced by BPA exposure in N9 cells and zebrafish larvae. The results from the in vitro analyses showed a decrease in cell viability in the MTT assay and a decline in mitochondrial damage in BPA-exposed N9 cells. Further in vivo, results revealed that pre-treatment of DEA to zebrafish larvae has significantly reduced the level of superoxide anion and increased the production of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GST, GPx and GR. We also found a significant decrease in the production of nitric oxide (p < 0.0001) and iNOS gene expression at 150 μM concentration. Further, DEA pre-treatment improved the behaviour of zebrafish larvae by ameliorating the production of the AChE enzyme. In conclusion, DEA protected zebrafish larvae from BPA toxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghul Murugan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203 Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Haridevamuthu
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203 Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Saravana Kumar
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Chennai Campus, Chennai 600 127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203 Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lakkim V, Reddy MC, Lekkala VVV, Lebaka VR, Korivi M, Lomada D. Antioxidant Efficacy of Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Promotes Wound Healing in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051517. [PMID: 37242759 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing an efficient and cost-effective wound-healing substance to treat wounds and regenerate skin is desperately needed in the current world. Antioxidant substances are gaining interest in wound healing, and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles have drawn considerable attention in biomedical applications due to their efficient, cost-effective, and non-toxic nature. The present study evaluated in vivo wound healing and antioxidant activities of silver nanoparticles from Azadirachta indica (AAgNPs) and Catharanthus roseus (CAgNPs) leaf extracts in BALB/c mice. We found rapid wound healing, higher collagen deposition, and increased DNA and protein content in AAgNPs- and CAgNPs (1% w/w)-treated wounds than in control and vehicle control wounds. Skin antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, catalase, GPx, GR) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased after 11 days CAgNPs and AAgNPs treatment. Furthermore, the topical application of CAgNPs and AAgNPs tends to suppress lipid peroxidation in wounded skin samples. Histopathological images evidenced decreased scar width, epithelium restoration, fine collagen deposition, and fewer inflammatory cells in CAgNPs and AAgNPs applied wounds. In vitro, the free radical scavenging activity of CAgNPs and AAgNPs was demonstrated by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Our findings suggest that silver nanoparticles prepared from C. roseus and A. indica leaf extracts increased antioxidant status and improved the wound-healing process in mice. Therefore, these silver nanoparticles could be potential natural antioxidants to treat wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajravathi Lakkim
- Department of Genetics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516005, AP, India
| | - Madhava C Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516005, AP, India
| | | | | | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Dakshayani Lomada
- Department of Genetics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516005, AP, India
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García-Ramírez E, Contreras-Oliva A, Salinas-Ruiz J, Hernández-Ramírez G, Spinoso-Castillo JL, Colmenares Cuevas SI. Plant Extracts Control In Vitro Growth of Disease-Causing Fungi in Chayote. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091800. [PMID: 37176858 PMCID: PMC10180525 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of agrochemicals has caused environmental problems and toxicity to humans, so natural alternatives for disease control during harvest and postharvest have been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate cinnamon essential oil, neem oil, and black sapote fruit extract for in vitro inhibition of fungi isolated from chayote fruit. The extracts were applied at 300, 350, and 400 ppm in Petri dishes and the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Goetrichum sp., and Phytophthora capsici was evaluated for 7 days, and the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition per day was calculated. Cinnamon oil showed a fungicidal effect at all concentrations. Neem oil at 400 ppm showed a 42.3% reduction in the growth of F. solani and 27.8% reduction in the growth of F. oxysporum, while at 350 ppm it inhibited the mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici by 53.3% and of Goetrichum sp. by 20.9%; finally, the black sapote extract at 400 ppm inhibited 21.9-28.6% of the growth of all fungi. The growth of postharvest fungi on chayote fruit could be prevented or reduced by applying the plant extracts evaluated at adequate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar García-Ramírez
- Postgraduate College Campus Cordoba, Federal Highway Cordoba-Veracruz, Km 348. Congregation Manuel Leon, Amatlan de los Reyes, Veracruz 94953, Mexico
| | - Adriana Contreras-Oliva
- Postgraduate College Campus Cordoba, Federal Highway Cordoba-Veracruz, Km 348. Congregation Manuel Leon, Amatlan de los Reyes, Veracruz 94953, Mexico
| | - Josafhat Salinas-Ruiz
- Postgraduate College Campus Cordoba, Federal Highway Cordoba-Veracruz, Km 348. Congregation Manuel Leon, Amatlan de los Reyes, Veracruz 94953, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hernández-Ramírez
- National Technological Institute of Mexico/Higher Technological Institute of Tierra Blanca, Av. Veracruz Esquina con Heroes de Puebla, Colonia Pemex, Tierra Blanca, Veracruz 95180, Mexico
| | - José Luis Spinoso-Castillo
- Postgraduate College Campus Cordoba, Federal Highway Cordoba-Veracruz, Km 348. Congregation Manuel Leon, Amatlan de los Reyes, Veracruz 94953, Mexico
| | - Saira Itzel Colmenares Cuevas
- Postgraduate College Campus Cordoba, Federal Highway Cordoba-Veracruz, Km 348. Congregation Manuel Leon, Amatlan de los Reyes, Veracruz 94953, Mexico
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Abdel-Gaber R, Hawsah MA, Al-Shaebi EM, Al-Otaibi T, Thagfan FA, Al-Quraishy S, Dkhil MA. Effect of biosynthesized nanoselenium using Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) leaf extracts against Eimeria papillata infection. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:714-724. [PMID: 37083178 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is a protozoan parasitic disease affecting different animal species. Resistance has been reported for all available anticoccidial drugs. Recently, green synthesis of nanoparticles is considered a new therapeutic tool against this parasitic disease. The present work aimed to study the effect of biosynthesized nanoselenium from Azadirachta indica leaf extracts (BNS) against Eimeria papillata-induced infection in mice. The phytochemical analysis of leaf extracts contained 33 phytochemical components. The BNS was spherical with ⁓68.12 nm in diameter and an absorption peak at 308 nm via UV-spectra. The data showed that mice infected with E. papillata revealed the highest oocyst output on the 5th-day post-infection (p.i.). Infection also induced injury and inflammation of the mice jejunum. Treatment with BNS resulted in a 97.21% suppression for the oocyst output. The treated groups with BNS showed enhancement in feed intake as compared to the infected group. Histological examinations showed a significant reduction in the intracellular developmental Eimeria stages in the jejunal tissues of infected-treated mice of about 24.86 ± 2.38 stages/10 villous crypt units. Moreover, there was a significant change in the morphometry for Eimeria stages after the treatment with BNS. Infection induced a disturbance in the level of carbohydrates and protein contents in the infected mice which enhanced after treatment with BNS. In addition, BNS counteracted the E. papillata-induced loss of the total antioxidant capacity. Collectively, BNS is considered a promising anticoccidial and antioxidant effector and could be used for the treatment of coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysar Abu Hawsah
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam M Al-Shaebi
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Al-Otaibi
- Department of Science and Technology, Al-Nairiyah University College, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Felwa A Thagfan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Chatterjee S, Bag S, Biswal D, Sarkar Paria D, Bandyopadhyay R, Sarkar B, Mandal A, Dangar TK. Neem-based products as potential eco-friendly mosquito control agents over conventional eco-toxic chemical pesticides-A review. Acta Trop 2023; 240:106858. [PMID: 36750152 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes cause serious health hazards for millions of people across the globe by acting as vectors of deadly communicable diseases like malaria, filariasis, dengue and yellow fever. Use of conventional chemical insecticides to control mosquito vectors has led to the development of biological resistance in them along with adverse environmental consequences. In this light, the recent years have witnessed enormous efforts of researchers to develop eco-friendly and cost-effective alternatives with special emphasis on plant-derived mosquitocidal compounds. Neem oil, derived from neem seeds (Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Meliaceae), has been proved to be an excellent candidate against a wide range of vectors of medical and veterinary importance including mosquitoes. It is environment-friendly, and target-specific at the same time. The active ingredients of neem oil include limonoids like azadirachtin A, nimbin, salannin and numerous other substances that are still waiting to be discovered. Of these, azadirachtin has been shown to be very effective and is mainly responsible for its toxic effects. The quality of the neem oil depends on its azadirachtin content which, in turn, depends on its manufacturing process. Neem oil can be used directly or as nanoemulsions or nanoparticles or even in the form of effervescent tablets. When added to natural breeding habitat waters they exert their mosquitocidal effects by acting as ovicides, larvicides, pupicides and/or oviposition repellents. The effects are generated by impairing the physiological pathways of the immature stages of mosquitoes or directly by causing physical deformities that impede their development. Neem oil when used directly has certain disadvantages mainly related to its disintegration under atmospheric conditions rendering it ineffective. However, many of its formulations have been reported to remain stable under environmental conditions retaining its efficiency for a long time. Similarly, neem seed cake has also been found to be effective against the mosquito vectors. The greatest advantage is that the target species do not develop resistance against neem-based products mainly because of the innumerable number of chemicals present in neem and their combinations. This makes neem-based products highly potential yet unexplored candidates of mosquito control agents. The current review helps to elucidate the roles of neem oil and its various derivatives on mosquito vectors of public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumendranath Chatterjee
- Parasitology and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Souvik Bag
- Parasitology and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Debraj Biswal
- Department of Zoology, Government General Degree College at Mangalkote, Burdwan 713132, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Basanta Sarkar
- Parasitology and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Mandal
- Parasitology and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Dangar
- Microbiology Laboratory, Division of Crop Production, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
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Kola-Mustapha AT, Raji MA, Adedeji O, Ambrose GO. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Modeling to Elucidate the Potential Mechanism of Neem Oil against Acne vulgaris. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062849. [PMID: 36985821 PMCID: PMC10056471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder with a complicated etiology. Papules, lesions, comedones, blackheads, and other skin lesions are common physical manifestations of Acne vulgaris, but the individual who has it also regularly has psychological repercussions. Natural oils are being utilized more and more to treat skin conditions since they have fewer negative effects and are expected to provide benefits. Using network pharmacology, this study aims to ascertain if neem oil has any anti-acne benefits and, if so, to speculate on probable mechanisms of action for such effects. The neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) were collected, verified, authenticated, and assigned a voucher number. After steam distillation was used to extract the neem oil, the phytochemical components of the oil were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The components of the oil were computationally examined for drug-likeness using Lipinski's criteria. The Pharm Mapper service was used to anticipate the targets. Prior to pathway and protein-protein interaction investigations, molecular docking was performed to predict binding affinity. Neem oil was discovered to be a potential target for STAT1, CSK, CRABP2, and SYK genes in the treatment of Acne vulgaris. In conclusion, it was discovered that the neem oil components with PubChem IDs: ID_610088 (2-(1-adamantyl)-N-methylacetamide), ID_600826 (N-benzyl-2-(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide), and ID_16451547 (N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1-phenyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylpropanamide) have strong affinities for these drug targets and may thus be used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Tawakalitu Kola-Mustapha
- College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University Riyadh, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240101, Nigeria
| | - Muhabat Adeola Raji
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oluwakorede Adedeji
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240101, Nigeria
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Oluwasina OO, Idris SO, Ogidi CO, Igbe FO. Production of herbal toothpaste: Physical, organoleptic, phyto-compound, and antimicrobial properties. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13892. [PMID: 36923892 PMCID: PMC10009007 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the possibility of producing dental antimicrobial toothpaste from Allium cepa L skin chaff, Azadirachta indica A. seed, and Tetrapleura tetraptera pod extracts. Methods Ethanolic extracts of the three plant materials were obtained. These were subjected to phytochemical and GC-MS analyses. The different extract combinations were used for the production of various toothpaste. The toothpaste's physical, organoleptic, and antimicrobial properties were determined. Results From the phytochemical analysis, Allium cepa has the highest phenolic (1.20 mgGAE/g), saponin (14.80%), tannin (0.11 mg/g) and DPPH (82.80%), Tetrapleura tetraptera has the highest flavonoid (0.33 mg RE/g), and alkaloid (20.50 mg/g) while, Azadirachta indica has the highest oxalate (77.50 mg/g). The GC-MS revealed significant chemical components of Allium cepa as 1-heptatriacotanol, germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oic acid, 6-alpha-hydroxy-,gamma-lactone, (E,E)-, 11H-Indeno [1,2b] quinoxaline, 2-methyl- while Azadirachta indica have butyl benzoate, benzoic acid, hexyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and Tetrapleura tetraptera have the following 15-hydroxypentadecanoic acid, cis-9-hexadecenal, and 11,13-dimethyl-12-tetradecen-1-ol acetate. All the produced toothpaste has a brown colour and a pleasant smell, with pH from 7.30 to 8.10 and foamability from 19.23% of stand-alone toothpaste to 44.44% of Allium cepa-based. Amongst the produced toothpaste Allium cepa-based toothpaste has the best antimicrobial activities against the tested bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca) and fungi (Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis). The stand-alone toothpaste has the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.25 mg/mL against bacteria and fungi. Clinical significance The study provides information on the production of human health-friendly dental antimicrobial toothpaste from plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suleiman Oladokun Idris
- Department of Chemistry, The Federal University of Technology Akure, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Clement Olusola Ogidi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, PMB 353, Okitipupa, Nigeria
| | - Festus O Igbe
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Asghar HA, Syed QA, Shukat R, Israr B. EXPLORING the prophylactic potential of Azadirachta indica leaf extract against dyslipidemia. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 303:116008. [PMID: 36521768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Several studies revealed that different parts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss, has therapeutic potential against inflammatory issues and dyslipidemia which is a major contributing cause to cardiovascular diseases, oxidative stress and serum glucose levels, etc. AIM OF STUDY: Present study was conducted to evaluate anti-dyslipidemic capacity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract in dyslipidemic rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica leaves was obtained by using Soxhlet apparatus. This extract was used for efficacy study on rabbits. In this context, 25 healthy rabbits were selected for study, Efficacy trial involved five groups of rabbits, 5 rabbits in each group; NC (Negative Control); healthy rabbits received normal diet. In remaining 20 rabbits, dyslipidemia was induced by using high fat diet for 28 days followed by administration of Azadirachta indica leaf ethanolic extract for 60 days in a dose-dependent manner. PC (Positive Control) include dyslipidemic rabbits received normal diet while G1, G2, G3 groups included dyslipidemic rabbits receiving different concentrations of Azadirachta indica leaf extract (i.e. 300, 500 and 700 mg/kg of body weight, respectively). Blood samples were analyzed for serum lipid profile after every 15 days to determine the effect of treatments. RESULTS Significant reduction in total cholesterol (60 ± 3.4 mg/dL), triglycerides (40.31 ± 2.5 mg/dL) and low-density lipoprotein (28.87 ± 2.1 mg/dL) was observed in G2 (P ≤ 0.05)while a significant increase was observed in high-density lipoprotein (60.47 ± 1.7 mg/dL) of G2 (P ≤ 0.05) as compared to other groups. CONCLUSION Results revealed that ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica leaves in G2 group (@ 500 mg/kg of body weight) normalized lipid profile in dyslipidemic rabbits after 60 days of extract administration which significantly lowered TC, TG, LDL levels (P ≤ 0.05) and improved HDL level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Anam Asghar
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Qamar Abbas Syed
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rizwan Shukat
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Beenish Israr
- Institute of Home Sciences, Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Faloye KO, Adesida SA, Oguntimehin SA, Adewole AH, Omoyeni OB, Fajobi SJ, Ugwo JP, Asiyanbola ID, Bamimore VO, Fakola EG, Oladiran OJ, Spiteller M. LC-MS Analysis, Computational Investigation, and Antimalarial Studies of Azadirachta indica Fruit. Bioinform Biol Insights 2023; 17:11779322231154966. [PMID: 36860650 PMCID: PMC9969453 DOI: 10.1177/11779322231154966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a deadly disease that continues to pose a threat to children and maternal well-being. This study was designed to identify the chemical constituents in the ethanolic fruit extract of Azadirachta indica, elucidate the pharmacological potentials of identified phytochemicals through the density functional theory method and carry out the antimalarial activity of extract using chemosuppression and curative models. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of the ethanolic extract was carried out, followed by the density functional theory studies of the identified phytochemicals using B3LYP and 6-31G (d, p) basis set. The antimalarial assays were performed using the chemosuppression (4 days) and curative models. The LC-MS fingerprint of the extract led to the identification of desacetylnimbinolide, nimbidiol, O-methylazadironolide, nimbidic acid, and desfurano-6α-hydroxyazadiradione. Also, the frontier molecular orbital properties, molecular electrostatic potential, and dipole moment studies revealed the identified phytochemicals as possible antimalarial agents. The ethanolic extract of A indica fruit gave 83% suppression at 800 mg/kg, while 84% parasitaemia clearance was obtained in the curative study. The study provided information about the phytochemicals and background pharmacological evidences of the antimalarial ethnomedicinal claim of A indica fruit. Thus, isolation and structure elucidation of the identified phytochemicals from the active ethanolic extract and extensive antimalarial studies towards the discovery of new therapeutic agents is recommended for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolade O Faloye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Kolade O Faloye, Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Stephen A Adesida
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Samuel A Oguntimehin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of
Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adetola H Adewole
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Olajide B Omoyeni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Sunday J Fajobi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Jeremiah P Ugwo
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Science, Federal College of Education, Okene, Nigeria
| | - Isaac D Asiyanbola
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Science, Federal College of Education, Okene, Nigeria
| | - Victoria O Bamimore
- Department of Botany, Faculty of
Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel G Fakola
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olayemi J Oladiran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Michael Spiteller
- Institute of Environmental Research
(INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Dortmund,
Germany
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Tahir R, Albargi HB, Ahmad A, Qadir MB, Khaliq Z, Nazir A, Khalid T, Batool M, Arshad SN, Jalalah M, Alsareii SA, Harraz FA. Development of Sustainable Hydrophilic Azadirachta indica Loaded PVA Nanomembranes for Cosmetic Facemask Applications. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:156. [PMID: 36837659 PMCID: PMC9959350 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiber-based facial masks have attracted the attention of modern cosmetic applications due to their controlled drug release, biocompatibility, and better efficiency. In this work, Azadirachta indica extract (AI) incorporated electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber membrane was prepared to obtain a sustainable and hydrophilic facial mask. The electrospun AI incorporated PVA nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) drug release, water absorption analysis, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, and antibacterial activity (qualitative and quantitative) at different PVA and AI concentrations. The optimized nanofiber of 376 ± 75 nm diameter was obtained at 8 wt/wt% PVA concentration and 100% AI extract. The AI nanoparticles of size range 50~250 nm in the extract were examined through a zeta sizer. The water absorption rate of ~660% and 17.24° water contact angle shows good hydrophilic nature and water absorbency of the nanofiber membrane. The UV-Vis also analyzed fast drug release of >70% in 5 min. The prepared membrane also exhibits 99.9% antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and has 79% antioxidant activity. Moreover, the membrane also had good mechanical properties (tensile strength 1.67 N, elongation 48%) and breathability (air permeability 15.24 mm/s). AI-incorporated nanofiber membrane can effectively be used for facial mask application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Tahir
- Department of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Hasan B. Albargi
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Ahmad
- Department of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Qadir
- Department of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Khaliq
- Department of Materials, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Nazir
- Department of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Tanzeela Khalid
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Batool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Salman Noshear Arshad
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Jalalah
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed A. Alsareii
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid A. Harraz
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
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Noites A, Borges I, Araújo B, da Silva JCGE, de Oliveira NM, Machado J, Pinto E. Antimicrobial Activity of Some Medicinal Herbs to the Treatment of Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Infections: Preliminary Research. Microorganisms 2023; 11. [PMID: 36838237 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Superficial, including cutaneous and mucocutaneous infections are a current public health problem with universal distribution. One of the main concerns, in the present/future, is fungal/bacterial infections by resistant microorganisms. This study aimed to verify if decoctions of coptidis (Coptis chinensis, Ranunculaceae family), neem (Azadirachta indica, Meliaceae family), and their essential oils (EOs), as well as the EO of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium, Myrtaceae family) have antimicrobial activity against prevalent species of microorganisms responsible for superficial infections. (2) Methods: The antimicrobial activity was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), using broth microdilution method, and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) was determined from subculture of MIC plates. (3) Results: C. chinensis EO and decoction demonstrated some antifungal action against the yeasts and dermatophytes tested. Greatest bactericidal effect against Propionibacterium acnes and some action against Staphylococcus aureus was observed. For A. indica only EO proved activity against dermatophytes and P. acnes. L. scoparium EO showed the broadest antimicrobial spectrum with activity against bacteria, yeasts, and dermatophytes showing greater activity against P. acnes and S. aureus. (4) Conclusions: C. chinensis (EO/decoction), EOs of L. scoparium and A. indica proved in vitro efficacy against fungal, bacterial, or mixed agents of superficial infections, either by sensitive or resistant strains.
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Dutt Y, Pandey RP, Dutt M, Gupta A, Vibhuti A, Raj VS, Chang CM, Priyadarshini A. Silver Nanoparticles Phytofabricated through Azadirachta indica: Anticancer, Apoptotic, and Wound-Healing Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36671322 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have unlocked numerous novel disciplines in nanobiotechnological protocols due to their larger surface area-to-volume ratios, which are attributed to the marked reactivity of nanosilver, and due to their extremely small size, which enables AgNPs to enter cells, interact with organelles, and yield distinct biological effects. AgNPs are capable of bypassing immune cells, staying in the system for longer periods and with a higher distribution, reaching target tissues at higher concentrations, avoiding diffusion to adjacent tissues, releasing therapeutic agents or drugs for specific stimuli to achieve a longer duration at a specific rate, and yielding desired effects. The phytofabrication of AgNPs is a cost-effective, one-step, environmentally friendly, and easy method that harnesses sustainable resources and naturally available components of plant extracts (PEs). In addition, it processes various catalytic activities for the degradation of various organic pollutants. For the phytofabrication of AgNPs, plant products can be used in a multifunctional manner as a reducing agent, a stabilizing agent, and a functionalizing agent. In addition, they can be used to curtail the requirements for any additional stabilizing agents and to help the reaction stages subside. Azadirachta indica, a very common and prominent medicinal plant grown throughout the Indian subcontinent, possesses free radical scavenging and other pharmaceutical properties via the regulation of proinflammatory enzymes, such as COX and TOX. It also demonstrates anticancer activities through cell-signaling pathways, modulating tumor-suppressing genes such as p53 and pTEN, transcriptional factors, angiogenesis, and apoptosis via bcl2 and bax. In addition, it possesses antibacterial activities. Phytofabricated AgNPs have been applied in the areas of drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, cancer treatment, cosmetics, and cell biology. Such pharmaceutical and biological activities of phytofabricated AgNPs are attributed to more than 300 phytochemicals found in Azadirachta indica, and are especially abundant in flavonoids, polyphenols, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, limonoids, tannins, coumarin, nimbolide, azadirachtin, azadirone, azadiradione, and gedunin. Parts of Azadirachta indica, including the leaves in various forms, have been used for wound healing or as a repellent. This study was aimed at examining previously biosynthesized (from Azadirachta indica) AgNPs for anticancer, wound-healing, and antimicrobial actions (through MTT reduction assay, scratch assay, and microbroth dilution methods, respectively). Additionally, apoptosis in cancer cells and the antibiofilm capabilities of AgNPs were examined through caspase-3 expression, dentine block, and crystal violet methods. We found that biogenic silver nanoparticles are capable of inducing cytotoxicity in HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells (IC50 of 744.23 µg/mL, R2: 0.94), but are ineffective against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC50 >> 1000 µg/mL, R2: 0.86). AgNPs (IC50 value) induced a significant increase in caspase-3 expression (a 1.5-fold increase) in HCT-116, as compared with control cells. FITC-MFI was 1936 in HCT-116-treated cells, as compared to being 4551 in cisplatin and 1297 in untreated cells. AgNPs (6.26 µg/mL and 62.5 µg/mL) induced the cellular migration (40.2% and 33.23%, respectively) of V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts; however, the improvement in wound healing was not significant as it was for the controls. AgNPs (MIC of 10 µg/mL) were very effective against MDR Enterococcus faecalis in the planktonic mode as well as in the biofilm mode. AgNPs (10 µg/mL and 320 µg/mL) reduced the E. faecalis biofilm by >50% and >80%, respectively. Natural products, such as Syzygium aromaticum (clove) oil (MIC of 312.5 µg/mL) and eugenol (MIC of 625 µg/mL), showed significant antimicrobial effects against A. indica. Our findings indicate that A. indica-functionalized AgNPs are effective against cancer cells and can induce apoptosis in HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells; however, the anticancer properties of AgNPs can also be upgraded through active targeting (functionalized with enzymes, antibiotics, photosensitizers, or antibodies) in immunotherapy, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy. Our findings also suggest that functionalized AgNPs could be pivotal in the development of a novel, non-cytotoxic, biocompatible therapeutic agent for infected chronic wounds, ulcers, and skin lesions involving MDR pathogens via their incorporation into scaffolds, composites, patches, microgels, or formulations for microneedles, dressings, bandages, gels, or other drug-delivery systems.
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Tanvir Z, Jabin Z, Agarwal N, Anand A, Waikhom N. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of nanosilver solution, Azadirachta indica, sodium hypochlorite, and normal saline as root canal irrigants in primary teeth. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2023; 41:76-82. [PMID: 37282416 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_74_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microorganisms are the main cause of pulpal and periapical diseases. Hence, the elimination of such potential microbes is achieved by endodontic treatment. Mechanical preparation is the main mechanism to reduce the bacterial load in canals which is enhanced by intracanal irrigants. Despite these procedures, some bacteria might persist within the canals. It is important to disinfect the pulp space and dentinal tubules thoroughly with an effective endodontic irrigant to prevent reinfection of a treated root canal. Aim This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of nanosilver (NS) Solution, Azadirachta indica, sodium hypochlorite, and normal saline when used as irrigants in infected root canals of primary teeth. Settings and Design The study was a prospective randomized control trial which was conducted as per the consort statement. Materials and Methods Eighty pulpally involved primary teeth requiring endodontic treatment of children aged 5-12 years were selected for this study. The subjects were randomly allocated to 4 groups (3 irrigant and control groups) consisting of 20 children each where Group I = NS solution, Group II = A. indica, Group III = Sodium hypochlorite (2.5%), and Group IV = Control group. Microbiological samples were collected at the baseline (before irrigation) and postirrigation after biomechanical preparation using the selected irrigant. The samples were subjected to an anaerobic bacterial culture test. Microbial colonies were identified and expressed as colony forming units per milliliter. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Paired t-test, and Post hoc Bonferroni test. Results NS solution showed the highest mean of 4.384 × 103 ± 1.019 followed by Sodium hypochlorite with a mean of 3.500 × 103 ± 1.193 and A. indica of 2.590 × 103 ± 0.778. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, NS solution can be used as an alternative to other root canal irrigating solutions in primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Tanvir
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zohra Jabin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Agarwal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Anand
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nandita Waikhom
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abdel-Gaber R, Hawsah MA, Al-Otaibi T, Alojayri G, Al-Shaebi EM, Mohammed OB, Elkhadragy MF, Al-Quraishy S, Dkhil MA. Biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles to rescue coccidiosis-mediated oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in the jejunum of mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139899. [PMID: 36875142 PMCID: PMC9982015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most crucial approaches for treating human diseases, particularly parasite infections, is nanomedicine. One of the most significant protozoan diseases that impact farm and domestic animals is coccidiosis. While, amprolium is one of the traditional anticoccidial medication, the advent of drug-resistant strains of Eimeria necessitates the development of novel treatments. The goal of the current investigation was to determine whether biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (Bio-SeNPs) using Azadirachta indica leaves extract might treat mice with Eimeria papillata infection in the jejunal tissue. Five groups of seven mice each were used, as follows: Group 1: Non-infected-non-treated (negative control). Group 2: Non-infected treated group with Bio-SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg of body weight). Groups 3-5 were orally inoculated with 1×103 sporulated oocysts of E. papillata. Group 3: Infected-non-treated (positive control). Group 4: Infected and treated group with Bio-SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg). Group 5: Infected and treated group with the Amprolium. Groups 4 and 5 daily received oral administration (for 5 days) of Bio-SeNPs and anticoccidial medication, respectively, after infection. Bio-SeNPs caused a considerable reduction in oocyst output in mice feces (97.21%). This was also accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of developmental parasitic stages in the jejunal tissues. Glutathione reduced (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were dramatically reduced by the Eimeria parasite, whereas, nitric oxide (NO) and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels were markedly elevated. The amount of goblet cells and MUC2 gene expression were used as apoptotic indicators, and both were considerably downregulated by infection. However, infection markedly increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and the apoptotic genes (Caspase-3 and BCL2). Bio-SeNPs were administrated to mice to drastically lower body weight, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and apoptotic indicators in the jejunal tissue. Our research thus showed the involvement of Bio-SeNPs in protecting mice with E. papillata infections against jejunal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysar Abu Hawsah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Al-Otaibi
- Department of Science and Technology, Al-Nairiyah University College, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Alojayri
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam M Al-Shaebi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama B Mohammed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal F Elkhadragy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.,Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Rajasekharan R, Bahuleyan AK, Madhavan A, Philip E, Sindhu R, Binod P, Kumar Awasthi M, Pandey A. Neem extract-blended nanocellulose derived from jackfruit peel for antibacterial packagings. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:8977-8986. [PMID: 35507222 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of jackfruit peel as a source for natural and fully biodegradable "nanocellulose" (NC) for the production of bioplastics with Azadirachta indica (A. indica) extracts and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for the antibacterial properties is investigated. The characterization of the biocomposite using FT-IR and WXRD was reported. The physicochemical properties including thickness, moisture content, water holding capacity, swelling, porosity, and biodegradability in soil were investigated. The incorporation of A. indica extract revealed an increased shelf life due to the strong antibacterial activity, and these biocomposites were degraded in soil within 60 days after the end use without any harm to the environment. Jackfruit-derived nanocellulose film blended with A. indica extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative food spoilage bacteria. Disc diffusion assay, live/dead assay, and CFU analysis confirmed the antibacterial property of the synthesized film. Moreover, the films clearly prevented the biofilm formation in bacteria. Thus, the developed bioplastics can be utilized as appropriate substitutes to food packaging materials and also for biomedical applications such as wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmy Rajasekharan
- Department of Science and Humanities, Providence College of Engineering, Chengannur, 689 122, Kerala, India.
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, 690 110, Kerala, India.
| | | | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Eapen Philip
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, 690 110, Kerala, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam, 691505, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712 100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226 029, India
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute for Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 31 MG Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
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Ramli H, Nor Aripin KN, Mohd Said S, Mohamad Hanafiah R, Mohd Dom TN. The effectiveness of miswak (Salvadora persica L. and Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) practices in reducing plaque and gingivitis among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 298:115598. [PMID: 35944735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvadora persica L. and Azadirachtaindica A.Juss. are listed within the most common sources of miswak or chewing stick that widely used among Western Asia and Muslim populations worldwide. Miswak use in conjunction with toothbrush (adjunctive) has become apparent among the adults. Furthermore, miswak has been reported to have mechanical and pharmacological activities, and benefits to the oral health, by many studies. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the effectiveness of miswak in maintaining periodontal health among adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of miswak published in PubMed, EBSCOHOST (Dentistry & Oral Sciences), SCOPUS, and Cochrane Database for Systematic Review (CDSR) from inception to May 08, 2022. The primary outcomes of interest were changes in the periodontal health measured with plaque and gingivitis scores as well as subgingival bacteria load. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach while the estimates of effect were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS Ten eligible articles were identified, of which 9 could be analysed quantitatively. The remaining report was included as part of the qualitative analysis. The meta-analysis showed that miswak was comparable with the toothbrush in reducing the mean plaque score (p= 0.08, SMD: 0.39, and 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.83) and mean gingivitis score (p= 0.37, SMD: 0.13, and 95% CI: -0.16 to 0.43). Even higher certainty of evidence for the effect of miswak on mean plaque reduction on labial surface of anterior teeth. However, the adjunctive effect of miswak was significantly more superior for reducing plaque (p= 0.01, SMD: 0.68, and 95% CI: 0.14 to 1.22) and gingivitis score (p= 0.04, SMD: 0.66, and 95% CI: 0.03 to 1.29). CONCLUSIONS Miswak effectively reduced plaque and gingivitis scores to a level comparable to toothbrush when used exclusively. Adjunctive miswak use was particularly effective in improving periodontal health. However, the included studies inadequately reported on the method of toothbrushing using miswak and the frequency of miswak use. Therefore, further clinical studies are recommended to explore on the advantages and proper method of miswak practice for optima outcome and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haslinda Ramli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Periodontology and Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, 55100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Khairun Nain Nor Aripin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences II, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Putra Nilai, 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Shahida Mohd Said
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rohazila Mohamad Hanafiah
- Department of Basic Science and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, 55100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Tuti Ningseh Mohd Dom
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Ouerfelli M, Metón I, Codina-Torrella I, Almajano MP. Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Activities of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract and Its Effect on Oil-in-Water Food Emulsion Stability. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227772. [PMID: 36431873 PMCID: PMC9698279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds of Azadirachta indica leaf extract using HPLC-MS and to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial (against different Gram-positive and negative bacteria) and in vitro anti-proliferative activities of this extract (against breast, human liver and cervix adenocarcinoma-derived cells). The application of this extract as a natural antioxidant for food preservation was also tested on oil-in-water food emulsions for the first time in the present work in order to determine the use of Azadirachta indica leaves as a natural additive to preserve the food against lipid oxidation and rancidity. The results obtained revealed that 50%-aqueous ethanol leaf extract showed the best extraction yield (25.14%), which was characterized by a high content in phenolic compounds and strong antioxidant activity. Moreover, this leaf extract inhibited the growth of the bacterial strains tested (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi and Micrococcus luteus) and showed better anti-proliferative activity against breast and cervix adenocarcinoma-derived cells than human liver cancer cells after 48 h of treatment. Additionally, Azadirachta indica leaf extract showed almost similar effects as gallic acid solutions (0.25% and 0.5%) in preserving the oxidation of oil-in-water food emulsions and prevented the formation of secondary oxidation products (malondialdehyde) as well. The results obtained suggested that extracts of Azadirachta indica leaves are a potential source of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds and pointed to the potential of these natural extracts as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Ouerfelli
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Biochemistry and Physiology Departament, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Idoia Codina-Torrella
- Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Escola d’Enginyeria Agroalimentària i de Biosistemes de Bacelona (EEABB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Esteve Terrades, 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - María Pilar Almajano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-016-686
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Iqbal H, Jahan N, Khalil-Ur-Rahman, Jamil S. Formulation and characterisation of Azadirachta indica nanobiopesticides for ecofriendly control of wheat pest Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica. J Microencapsul 2022; 39:638-653. [PMID: 36398734 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2022.2149870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to formulate the green, sustainable, and ecofriendly nanobiopesticides of Azadirachta indica with enhanced pest control efficacy. Nanoprecipitation method was used for the development of nanobiopesticides. Optimisation was done by response surface methodology. Nanoformulations were characterised by zetasizer, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Pesticidal potential of nanosuspensions was evaluated by insecticide impregnated filter paper method. Optimised nanobiopesticide showed an average particle size of 275.8 ± 0.95 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) 0.351 ± 0.002, and zeta potential of -33 ± 0.90 mV. Nanobiopesticides exhibited significantly higher mortality rates of 86.81 ± 3.04 and 84.97 ± 2.83% against Tribolium castaneum and Ryzopertha dominica, respectively, as compared to their crude extract. Minor change in particle size from 275.8 ± 0.95 to 298.8 ± 1.00 nm and PDI from 0.351 ± 0.002 to 0.445 ± 0.02 were observed after 3 months of storage at 4 °C. Pesticidal efficacy of A. indica was significantly enhanced by the formulation of its nanobiopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalil-Ur-Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Saba Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Biswas P, Shahnaz M, Akhter M, Ripa AP, Ali T, Rafiq K. Effects of Azadirachta indica on neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury to sciatic nerve of Wistar rat. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9:359-368. [PMID: 36382046 PMCID: PMC9597922 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2022.i603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The research was designed to assess the consequences of Azadirachta indica aqueous leaf extract (AILE) on neuropathic pain in Wister rats and the role of the ATP-dependent potassium channel (KATP) as an underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS This experimental layout was conducted on Wistar rats (n = 120) having 150 to 200 gm of body weight. On the foundation of the experimental design, rats were divided into group I (normal saline, 5 ml/kg/body weight) and group II (sham surgery and treatment with NS), group III [chronic constriction injury (CCI) in the sciatic nerve; and treated with NS], group IV (CCI and treated with AILE 400 mg/kg body weight), Group V (CCI, pretreated with Glibenclamide 15 mg/kg followed by treated with AILE 400 mg/kg). All the treatments were given once daily for a consecutive 21 days via the oral route, except Glibenclamide. Glibenclamide was given once through the intraperitoneal route on the day of the experiment. RESULTS Based on the neuropathic pain evaluation test, all groups were again sub-divided into subgroup "a" (walking tract analysis), "b" (cold tail immersion test), "c" (Von Frey test), and "d" (hot plate test). AILE showed a significantly higher sciatic functional index (p < 0.05) in walking track analysis, tail flick latency (p ≤ 0.05) in the cold tail immersion test, and paw withdrawal threshold (p ≤ 0.05) in the Von Frey test compared to CCI control. In addition, a nonsignificant difference in all these above-mentioned variables between the rats with CCI plus AILE and the CCI plus AILE plus glibenclamide group indicated that the KATP channel was not involved in the beneficial analgesic effects of AILE. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of the present study indicates that AILE prevented worsening of neuropathic pain after chronic constriction injury in the sciatic nerve of Wistar rats in which the KATP channel was not involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Biswas
- Department of Physiology, Ashiyan Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Monira Shahnaz
- Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Arifa Parvin Ripa
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Taskina Ali
- Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Rafiq
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Kumari SA, Patlolla AK, Madhusudhanachary P. Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Azadirachta indica and Their Antioxidant and Anticancer Effects in Cell Lines. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:1416. [PMID: 36144039 PMCID: PMC9506441 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized using Azadirachta indica extract and evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity efficacy against MCF-7 and HeLa cells. The silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were formed within 40 min and after preliminary confirmation by UV-visible spectroscopy (peak observed at 375 nm), they were characterized using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The TEM images showed the spherical shape of the biosynthesized Ag-NPs with particle sizes in the range of 10 to 60 nm, and compositional analysis was carried out. The cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of various concentrations of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles, Azadirachta indica extract, and a standard ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 mg/mL were evaluated. The 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity of the biosynthesized Ag-NPs and aqueous leaf extract increased in a dose-dependent manner, with average IC50 values of the biosynthesized Ag-NPs, aqueous leaf extract, and ascorbic acid (standard) of 0.70 ± 0.07, 1.63 ± 0.09, and 0.25 ± 0.09 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, higher cytotoxicity was exhibited in both the MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The average IC50 values of the biosynthesized Ag-NPs, aqueous leaf extract, and cisplatin (standard) were 0.90 ± 0.07, 1.85 ± 0.01, and 0.56 ± 0.08 mg/mL, respectively, with MCF-7 cell lines and 0.85 ± 0.01, 1.76 ± 0.08, 0.45 ± 0.10 mg/mL, respectively, with HeLa cell lines. Hence, this study resulted in an efficient green reductant for producing silver nanoparticles that possess cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity against MCF-7 and HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Anitha Kumari
- Department of Zoology, Osmania University for Women, Hyderabad 500095, India
| | - Anita K. Patlolla
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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Alvarado TD, Elghandour MMMY, Ekanem NJ, Alcala-Canto Y, Velázquez AE, Pacheco EBF, Purba RAP, Salem AZM. Influence of Azadirachta indica and Cnidoscolus angustidens dietary extracts on equine fecal greenhouse gas emissions. J Equine Vet Sci 2022;:104049. [PMID: 35716836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the flavonoid extracts of Azadirachta indica (AZN), Cnidoscolus angustidens (CNA), and their combination at dosages (MIX) of 0, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 mL for their ability to reduce greenhouse gases and fermentation profiles in an in vitro study using horse feces and a nutrient-dense diet (as substrate). The quantity of greenhouse gas and fermentation profiles and were determined in in vitro incubation for 48 h. Extracts of AZN, CNA, and MIX reduced total gas production in the incubated and degraded substrates in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Production of CH4 was reduced (P <0.05) by 4.41-54.54% in the incubated substrates and by 1.16 - 61.82% in the degraded substrates. However, AZN and MIX reduced (P <0.05) CO by 4.43 - 12.85% in the incubated substrates and by 0.70 - 16.78% in the degraded substrates. In like manner, the plant extracts and combination reduced (P <0.05) H2S gas emission in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner by 18.37-67.35% in the incubated substrates and by 8.51-67.23% in the degraded substrates. Extracts maintained pH within the normal range (6.05-7.05), reduced dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy, and improved (P <0.05) concentration of short chain fatty acids. Overall, extracts of AZN and CNA and their combinations had a positive effect on reducing the greenhouse gas production with no deleterious effect on cecal horses' fermentation activities.
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Lan Chi NT, Narayanan M, Chinnathambi A, Govindasamy C, Subramani B, Brindhadevi K, Pimpimon T, Pikulkaew S. Fabrication, characterization, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Azadirachta indica kernel aqueous extract. Environ Res 2022; 208:112684. [PMID: 34995544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Azadirachta indica is an excellent and pharmaceutically valuable phytochemicals enriched traditional medicinal plant. The purpose of the research was to assess the ability of A. indica aqueous kernel extract to synthesize silver nanoparticles as well as their anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity in vitro. The obtained results state that the aqueous kernel extract of A. indica can fabricate the silver nanoparticles and be confirmed by standard analytical techniques. Under UV-visible spectrophotometer analysis, the absorbance peak was found at 430 nm was related to the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. The FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis revealed that numbers of functional groups belong to the pharmaceutically valuable phytochemicals, which act as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent on silver nanoparticles synthesis. The size and shape of the silver nanoparticles were examined as 19.27-22.15 nm and spherical in shape. Interestingly, this kernel fabricated silver nanoparticles possess a reasonable anti-inflammatory (69.77%) and anti-diabetic (73.5%) activity at 100 μg mL-1 and these were partially comparable with standards (anti-inflammatory: 81.15%; anti-diabetic: 87.9%). Thus, the aqueous kernel extract fabricated silver nanoparticles can be considered for further in-vivo study to assess the practical possibility to promote as a pharmaceutical agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi
- Van Lang School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Adhiyamaan Educational Research Institute, Krishnagiri, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, 635130, India
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chandramohan Govindasamy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baskaran Subramani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Tipsukon Pimpimon
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Surachai Pikulkaew
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Raissa R, Riawan W, Safitri A, Masruri M, Beltran MAG, Aulanniam A. In vitro and in vivo study: Ethanolic extract leaves of Azadirachta indica Juss. variant of Indonesia and Philippines suppresses tumor growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 signaling. F1000Res 2022; 11:477. [PMID: 37829248 PMCID: PMC10565427 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.109557.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Azadirachta indica Juss. has been shown to suppress cancer progression through a variety of mechanisms. In order to treat cancer progression, cancer immunotherapy is used to stimulate the immune system where immunosuppression is present in tumor microenvironments. Many cancer cells produce a lot of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and signal transducer activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). STAT3 plays a key role in suppressing the expression of critical immune activation regulators. IL-6-mediated STAT3 activation is common in the tumor microenvironment. Inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway has become a therapeutic option for cancer progression. As vimentin is also expressed in hepatic stellate cells boosting cancer survival. We focused on the precise effect of extract from leaves of Azadirachta indica Juss, on inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling cascade on hepatocellular carcinoma by in vitro and in vivo study. Methods: In the in vitro study, the effect of Azadirachta indica Juss. variant Indonesia and Philippines against the expression of IL-6 and STAT3 was examined in liver cancer cell line. In the in vivo study, 24 male rats ( Rattus norvegicus) strain Wistar were induced by diethylnitrosamine and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4). Based on the therapy given, the groups were divided into negative control, positive control, Indonesia extract, and Philippine extract. Expression of IL-6, STAT3, and vimentin were tested using immunohistochemistry staining. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, which was then followed by the Tukey test. Results: Statistically significant difference in IL-6 and STAT3 was observed between the treatment groups and positive control group by in vitro study and in vivo study. Generally, there is no significant difference between treatment using Indonesian and Philippine leaves. Conclusion: Both therapy doses of Azadirachta indica variant in Indonesia and Philippines were able to reduce IL-6, STAT3 and vimentin expression of hepatocellular carcinoma cell by in vitro and in vivo experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricadonna Raissa
- Doctoral Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wibi Riawan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Anna Safitri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Smart Molecules of Natural Genetic Resources (SMONAGENES), Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Masruri Masruri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Aulanniam Aulanniam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Du Y, Song W, Yin Z, Wu S, Liu J, Wang N, Jin H, Qiao J, Huo YX. Genomic Analysis Based on Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly Reveals an Expansion of Terpene Biosynthesis of Azadirachta indica. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:853861. [PMID: 35528946 PMCID: PMC9069239 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Azadirachta indica (neem), an evergreen tree of the Meliaceae family, is a source of the potent biopesticide azadirachtin. The lack of a chromosome-level assembly impedes an in-depth understanding of its genome architecture and the comparative genomic analysis of A. indica. Here, a high-quality genome assembly of A. indica was constructed using a combination of data from Illumina, PacBio, and Hi-C technology, which is the first chromosome-scale genome assembly of A. indica. Based on the length of our assembly, the genome size of A. indica is estimated to be 281 Mb anchored to 14 chromosomes (contig N50 = 6 Mb and scaffold N50 = 19 Mb). The genome assembly contained 115 Mb repetitive elements and 25,767 protein-coding genes. Evolutional analysis revealed that A. indica didn't experience any whole-genome duplication (WGD) event after the core eudicot γ event, but some genes and genome segment might likely experienced recent duplications. The secondary metabolite clusters, TPS genes, and CYP genes were also identified. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that most of the A. indica-specific TPS genes and CYP genes were located on the terpene-related clusters on chromosome 13. It is suggested that chromosome 13 may play an important role in the specific terpene biosynthesis of A. indica. The gene duplication events may be responsible for the terpene biosynthesis expansion in A. indica. The genomic dataset and genomic analysis created for A. indica will shed light on terpene biosynthesis in A. indica and facilitate comparative genomic research of the family Meliaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiu Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shengbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Kumar S, El-Kafrawy SA, Bharadwaj S, Maitra SS, Alandijany TA, Faizo AA, Khateb AM, Dwivedi VD, Azhar EI. Discovery of Bispecific Lead Compounds from Azadirachta indica against ZIKA NS2B-NS3 Protease and NS5 RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase Using Molecular Simulations. Molecules 2022; 27:2562. [PMID: 35458761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has been characterized as one of many potential pathogens and placed under future epidemic outbreaks by the WHO. However, a lack of potential therapeutics can result in an uncontrolled pandemic as with other human pandemic viruses. Therefore, prioritized effective therapeutics development has been recommended against ZIKV. In this context, the present study adopted a strategy to explore the lead compounds from Azadirachta indica against ZIKV via concurrent inhibition of the NS2B-NS3 protease (ZIKVpro) and NS5 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (ZIKVRdRp) proteins using molecular simulations. Initially, structure-based virtual screening of 44 bioflavonoids reported in Azadirachta indica against the crystal structures of targeted ZIKV proteins resulted in the identification of the top four common bioflavonoids, viz. Rutin, Nicotiflorin, Isoquercitrin, and Hyperoside. These compounds showed substantial docking energy (−7.9 to −11.01 kcal/mol) and intermolecular interactions with essential residues of ZIKVpro (B:His51, B:Asp75, and B:Ser135) and ZIKVRdRp (Asp540, Ile799, and Asp665) by comparison to the reference compounds, O7N inhibitor (ZIKVpro) and Sofosbuvir inhibitor (ZIKVRdRp). Besides, long interval molecular dynamics simulation (500 ns) on the selected docked poses reveals stability of the respective docked poses contributed by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The predicted complex stability was further supported by calculated end-point binding free energy using molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA) method. Consequently, the identified common bioflavonoids are recommended as promising therapeutic inhibitors of ZIKVpro and ZIKVRdRp against ZIKV for further experimental assessment.
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Hazafa A, Jahan N, Zia MA, Rahman KU, Sagheer M, Naeem M. Evaluation and optimization of nanosuspensions of Chrysanthemum coronarium and Azadirachta indica using Response Surface Methodology for pest management. Chemosphere 2022; 292:133411. [PMID: 34958785 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly emerging field of nanotechnology is considered an important achievement in the agriculture sector to increase the pest mortality rate and improve the crop production. The present study evaluates the novel pesticidal and anti-microbial activities of Chrysanthemum coronarium and Azadirachta indica in the nano-suspensions form. The anti-solvent precipitation method was used to formulate nano-suspensions proposed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Physicochemical nature of plant extracts and nano-suspensions was characterized through analysis of Zeta-sizer, FT-IR, and HPLC. Characterization results revealed a minimum particle size of 121.1 and 170.1 nm for Chrysanthemum coronarium and Azadirachta indica, respectively. The pesticidal activity of nano-suspension was performed against red flour beetle (RFB) and lesser grain borer (LGB) pests, which showed the maximum mortality rate of 100% with 100% concentration of plant extracts and nano-suspensions of Chrysanthemum coronarium and Azadirachta indica against both insects. In comparison, the combination of these both plant extracts revealed the maximum 100% mortality with a 50% concentration of nano-suspensions (mixing ratio 1:1) after 72 h. The antibacterial activity showed the maximum zone inhibition of 9.96 ± 0.17 and 14.17 ± 0.50 mm against S.aureus and E. coli with nano-suspension of Chrysanthemum coronarium, and 12.09 ± 0.11 and 14.10 ± 0.49 mm with nano-suspension of Azadirachta indica, respectively. It is concluded that individual nano-suspensions showed better pesticidal as well as antimicrobial activities than combinations. However, the constructed nanosuspension can be applied to control the plant pests and diseases simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hazafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Nazish Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anjum Zia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Khalil-Ur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sagheer
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Wylie MR, Windham IH, Blum FC, Wu H, Merrell DS. In vitro antibacterial activity of nimbolide against Helicobacter pylori. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 285:114828. [PMID: 34763046 PMCID: PMC8714693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nimbolide is one of hundreds of phytochemicals that have been identified within the neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss). As an evergreen tree native to the Indian subcontinent, components of the neem tree have been used for millennia in traditional medicine to treat dental, gastrointestinal, urinary tract, and blood-related ailments, ulcers, headaches, heartburn, and diabetes. In modern times, natural oils and extracts from the neem tree have been found to have activities against a variety of microorganisms, including human pathogens. AIM OF THE STUDY Helicobacter pylori, a prevalent gastric pathogen, shows increasing levels of antibiotic resistance. Thus, there is an increasing demand for novel therapeutics to treat chronic infections. The in vitro activity of neem oil extract against H. pylori was previously characterized and found to be bactericidal. Given the numerous phytochemicals found in neem oil extract, the present study was designed to define and characterize specific compounds showing bactericidal activity against H. pylori. MATERIALS AND METHODS Azadirachtin, gedunin, and nimbolide, which are all common in neem extracts, were tested for antimicrobial activity; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined for nine strains of H. pylori. The specific properties of nimbolide were further characterized against H. pylori strain G27. Bactericidal kinetics, reversibility, effectiveness at low pH, and activity under bacteriostatic conditions were examined. The hemolytic activity of nimbolide was also measured. Finally, neem oil extract and nimbolide effectiveness against H. pylori biofilms were examined in comparison to common antibiotics used to treat H. pylori infection. RESULTS Nimbolide, but not azadirachtin or gedunin, was effective against H. pylori; MICs and MBCs against the nine tested strains ranged between 1.25-5 μg/mL and 2.5-10 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, neem oil extract and nimbolide were both effective against H. pylori biofilms. Nimbolide exhibited no significant hemolytic activity at biologically relevant concentrations. The bactericidal activity of nimbolide was time- and dose-dependent, independent of active H. pylori growth, and synergistic with low pH. Furthermore, nimbolide-mediated H. pylori cell death was irreversible after exposure to high nimbolide concentrations (80 μg/mL, after 2 h of exposure time and 40 μg/mL after 8 h of exposure). CONCLUSIONS Nimbolide has significant bactericidal activity against H. pylori, killing both free living bacterial cells as well as cells within a biofilm. Furthermore, the lack of hemolytic activity, synergistic activity at low pH and bactericidal properties even against bacteria in a state of growth arrest are all ideal pharmacological and biologically relevant properties for a potential new agent. This study underscores the potential of neem oil extract or nimbolide to be used as a future treatment for H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Wylie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, United States
| | - Ian H Windham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, United States
| | - Faith C Blum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, United States
| | - Hannah Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, United States
| | - D Scott Merrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, United States.
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Guchhait KC, Manna T, Barai M, Karmakar M, Nandi SK, Jana D, Dey A, Panda S, Raul P, Patra A, Bhattacharya R, Chatterjee S, Panda AK, Ghosh C. Antibiofilm and anticancer activities of unripe and ripe Azadirachta indica (neem) seed extracts. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:42. [PMID: 35152903 PMCID: PMC8843028 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistances of pathogens and breast cancer warrant the search for new alternative strategies. Phytoextracts can eradicate microbe-borne diseases as well as cancer with lower side effects compared to conventional antibiotics. AIM Unripe and ripe Azadirachta indica (neem) seed extracts were explored as potential antibiofilm and anticancer agents in combating multidrug-resistant infectious bacteria as well as anticancer agents against the MDR breast cancer cell lines. METHODS Shed-dried neem seeds (both unripe and ripe) were pulverized and extracted using methanol. The chemical components were identified with FTIR and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Antibiofilm activity of neem seed extracts were assessed in terms of minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC), and fluorescence microscopic studies on Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae. Bacterial cells were studied by fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange/ethidium bromide as the staining agents. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were evaluated to observe the antibacterial activities. Cytotoxicity of the extracts against human blood lymphocytes and the anticancer activity against drug-resistant breast cancer cell lines were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) studies. RESULTS 4-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-one, phthalic acid, and 2-hexyl-tetrahydro thiophane were the major compounds in unripe neem seed, whereas 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4-H-pyran-4-one and 4-ethylbenzamide were predominant in ripe neem seed. Triazine derivatives were also common for both the extracts. MBIC values of unripe and ripe neem seed extracts for S. aureus are 75 and 100 µg/mL, respectively, and for V. cholerae, they are 100 and 300 µg/mL, respectively. MBEC values of unripe and ripe seed extracts are 500 and 300 µg/mL, respectively for S. aureus and for V. cholerae the values are 700 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Fluorescence microscopic studies at 16 and 24 h, after bacterial culture, demonstrate enhanced antibiofilm activity for the ripe seed extract than that of the unripe seeds for both the bacteria. MTT assay reveals lower cytotoxicity of both the extracts towards normal blood lymphocytes, and anticancer activity against breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) with superior activity of ripe seed extract. FACS studies further supported higher anticancer activity for ripe seed extract. CONCLUSIONS Methanolic extract of neem seeds could substantially inhibit and eradicate biofilm along with their potent antibacterial and anticancer activities. Both the extracts showed higher antibiofilm and antibacterial activity against S. aureus (gram-positive) than V. cholerae (gram-negative). Moreover, ripe seed extract showed higher antibiofilm and anticancer activity than unripe extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Chandra Guchhait
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Tuhin Manna
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Manas Barai
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Monalisha Karmakar
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Kumar Nandi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, 3081 Nayabad, Kolkata, 700094, West Bengal, India
| | - Debarati Jana
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditi Dey
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Panda
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Raul
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Anuttam Patra
- Chemistry of Interfaces Group, Luleå University of Technology, SE- 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Rittwika Bhattacharya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, 3081 Nayabad, Kolkata, 700094, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhrangsu Chatterjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Amiya Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India.,Sadhu Ram Chand Murmu University of Jhargram, Jhargram, 721507, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandradipa Ghosh
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India.
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Bhuyan B, Pandey P. Remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil using hydrocarbonoclastic rhizobacteria, applied through Azadirachta indica rhizosphere. Int J Phytoremediation 2022; 24:1444-1454. [PMID: 35113751 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2033689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil/petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are major pollutants worldwide. In the present study, three bacterial isolates -Pseudomonas aeruginosa BB-BE3, P. aeruginosa BBBJ, and Gordonia amicalis BB-DAC were selected for their efficient hydrocarbon degradation and plant growth promotion (PGP) abilities. All three isolates were positive for siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, and IAA production, even in the presence of crude oil. The rhizoremediation ability was validated through pot trials where all three isolates promoted the growth of the Azadirachta indica plant in crude oil-contaminated soils. Treatment with the combination of the plant (A. indica) and bacteria, i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa BB-BE3; P. aeruginosa BBBJ; Gordonia amicalis BB-DAC showed 95.71, 93.28, and 89.88% removal of TPHs respectively, while the treatment with the plant (only) resulted in 13.44% removal of TPHs whereas, in the control (Sterile bulk soil + Crude oil), the hydrocarbon removal percentage was only 5.87%. The plant tissues were analyzed for catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities, and the plants augmented with bacterial strains had significantly low CAT and POX activities as compared to uninoculated control. Therefore, the results suggest that the A. indica plant, in symbiotic association with these hydrocarbonoclastic rhizobacteria, could be used for bioremediation of crude oil-polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhrigu Bhuyan
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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