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Vu NT, Kim H, Lee S, Hwang IS, Kwon CT, Oh CS. Bacteriophage cocktail for biocontrol of soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium species in Chinese cabbage. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:11. [PMID: 38159122 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12881-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pectobacterium spp. are necrotrophic plant pathogens that cause the soft rot disease in Chinese cabbage, resulting in severe yield loss. The use of conventional antimicrobial agents, copper-based bactericides, and antibiotics has encountered several limitations, such as bioaccumulation on plants and microbial resistance. Bacteriophages (phages) are considered promising alternative antimicrobial agents against diverse phytopathogens. In this study, we isolated and characterized two virulent phages (phiPccP-2 and phiPccP-3) to develop a phage cocktail. Morphological and genomic analyses revealed that two phages belonged to the Tevenvirinae and Mccorquodalevirinae subfamilies, respectively. The phiPccP-2 and phiPccP-3 phages, which have a broad host range, were stable at various environmental conditions, such as various pHs and temperatures and exposure to ultraviolet light. The phage cocktail developed using these two lytic phages inhibited the emergence of phage-resistant bacteria compared to single-phage treatments in in vitro challenge assays. The phage cocktail treatment effectively prevented the development of soft rot symptom in matured Chinese cabbage leaves. Additionally, the phage cocktail comprising three phages (phiPccP-1, phiPccP-2, and phiPccP-3) showed superior biocontrol efficacy against the mixture of Pectobacterium strains in Chinese cabbage seedlings. These results suggest that developing phage cocktails is an effective approach for biocontrol of soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium strains in crops compared to single-phage treatments. KEY POINTS: •Two newly isolated Pectobacterium phages, phiPccP-2 and phiPccP-3, infected diverse Pectobacterium species and effectively inhibited the emergence of phage-resistant bacteria. •Genomic and physiological analyses suggested that both phiPccP-2 and phiPccP-3 are lytic phages and that their lytic activities are stable in the environmental conditions under which Chinese cabbage grows. •Treatment using a phage cocktail comprising phiPccP-2 and phiPccP-3 efficiently suppressed soft rot disease in detached mature leaves and seedlings of Chinese cabbage, indicating the applicability of the phage cocktail as an alternative antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Trung Vu
- Department of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongsoon Kim
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohong Lee
- Department of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sun Hwang
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Tak Kwon
- Department of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Sik Oh
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Nakonieczna A, Topolska-Woś A, Łobocka M. New bacteriophage-derived lysins, LysJ and LysF, with the potential to control Bacillus anthracis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:76. [PMID: 38194144 PMCID: PMC10776502 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis is an etiological agent of anthrax, a severe zoonotic disease that can be transmitted to people and cause high mortalities. Bacteriophages and their lytic enzymes, endolysins, have potential therapeutic value in treating infections caused by this bacterium as alternatives or complements to antibiotic therapy. They can also be used to identify and detect B. anthracis. Endolysins of two B. anthracis Wbetavirus phages, J5a and F16Ba which were described by us recently, differ significantly from the best-known B. anthracis phage endolysin PlyG from Wbetavirus genus bacteriophage Gamma and a few other Wbetavirus genus phages. They are larger than PlyG (351 vs. 233 amino acid residues), contain a signal peptide at their N-termini, and, by prediction, have a different fold of cell binding domain suggesting different structural basis of cell epitope recognition. We purified in a soluble form the modified versions of these endolysins, designated by us LysJ and LysF, respectively, and depleted of signal peptides. Both modified endolysins could lyse the B. anthracis cell wall in zymogram assays. Their activity against the living cells of B. anthracis and other species of Bacillus genus was tested by spotting on the layers of bacteria in soft agar and by assessing the reduction of optical density of bacterial suspensions. Both methods proved the effectiveness of LysJ and LysF in killing the anthrax bacilli, although the results obtained by each method differed. Additionally, the lytic efficiency of both proteins was different, which apparently correlates with differences in their amino acid sequence. KEY POINTS: • LysJ and LysF are B. anthracis-targeting lysins differing from lysins studied so far • LysJ and LysF could be overproduced in E. coli in soluble and active forms • LysJ and LysF are active in killing cells of B. anthracis virulent strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nakonieczna
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
| | | | - Małgorzata Łobocka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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Wu KZ, Le Z, Myint B, Chan B, Liu L, Huang H, Sing SL, Tay A. Bioactive coating provides antimicrobial protection through immunomodulation and phage therapeutics. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101022. [PMID: 38525309 PMCID: PMC10959705 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Medical implant-associated infections (IAI) is a growing threat to patients undergoing implantation surgery. IAI prevention typically relies on medical implants endowed with bactericidal properties achieved through surface modifications with antibiotics. However, the clinical efficacy of this traditional paradigm remains suboptimal, often necessitating revision surgery and posing potentially lethal consequences for patients. To bolster the existing anti-IAI arsenal, we propose herein a chitosan-based bioactive coating, i.e., ChitoAntibac, which exerts bacteria-inhibitory effects either through immune modulation or phage-directed microbial clearance, without relying on conventional antibiotics. The immuno-stimulating effects and phage-induced bactericidal properties can be tailored by engineering the loading dynamic of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which polarizes macrophages towards the proinflammatory subtype (M1) with enhanced bacterial phagocytosis, and Staphylococcal Phage K, resulting in rapid and targeted pathogenic clearance (>99.99%) in less than 8 h. Our innovative antibacterial coating opens a new avenue in the pursuit of effective IAI prevention through immuno-stimulation and phage therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Zhuoran Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119276, Singapore
| | - Zhicheng Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119276, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Ba Myint
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119276, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Brian Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119276, Singapore
| | - Ling Liu
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Electrophysiology Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore: Level 5, Centre for Life Sciences, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore
| | - Swee Leong Sing
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, 117510, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119276, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, 117510, Singapore
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Pourabadeh AH, Madani SA, Dorostkar R, Rezaeian M, Esmaeili H, Bolandian M, Salavati A, Hashemian SMM, Aghahasani A. Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo efficiency of in-feed bacteriophage cocktail application to control Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis infection in broiler chicks. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:174-181. [PMID: 38206101 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2304628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Bacteriophage (BP) cocktail was partially resistant to different temperatures and pH values.The BP cocktail showed lytic effects on different Salmonella isolates.The BP cocktail reduced Salmonella colonization in the internal organs of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Pourabadeh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Madani
- Department of Animal and Poultry Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Dorostkar
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaeian
- Department of Animal and Poultry Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Esmaeili
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Bolandian
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salavati
- Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arezoo Aghahasani
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang S, Zhang C, Wu J, Liu S, Zhang R, Handique U. Isolation, characterization and application of noble bacteriophages targeting potato common scab pathogen Streptomyces stelliscabiei. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127699. [PMID: 38520838 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriophages have emerged as promising alternatives to pesticides for controlling bacterial pathogens in crops. Among these pathogens, Streptomyces stelliscabiei (syn. S. stelliscabiei) is a primary causative agent of potato common scab (PCS), resulting in substantial global economic losses. The traditional management methods for PCS face numerous challenges, highlighting the need for effective and environmentally friendly control strategies. In this study, we successfully isolated three novel bacteriophages, namely Psst1, Psst2, and Psst4, which exhibited a broad host range encompassing seven S. stelliscabiei strains. Morphological analysis revealed their distinct features, including an icosahedral head and a non-contractile tail. These phages demonstrated stability across a broad range of temperatures (20-50°C), pH (pH 3-11), and UV exposure time (80 min). Genome sequencing revealed double-stranded DNA phage with open reading frames encoding genes for phage structure, DNA packaging and replication, host lysis and other essential functions. These phages lacked genes for antibiotic resistance, virulence, and toxicity. Average nucleotide identity, phylogenetic, and comparative genomic analyses classified the three phages as members of the Rimavirus genus, with Psst1 and Psst2 representing novel species. All three phages efficiently lysed S. stelliscabiei in the liquid medium and alleviated scab symptom development and reduced pathogen abundance on potato slices. Furthermore, phage treatments of radish seedlings alleviated the growth inhibition caused by S. stelliscabiei with no disease symptoms. In soil potted experiments, phages significantly reduced disease incidence by 40%. This decrease is attributed to a reduction in pathogen density and the selection of S. stelliscabiei strains with reduced virulence and slower growth rates in natural environments. Our study is the first to report the isolation of three novel phages that infect S. stelliscabiei as a host bacterium. These phages exhibit a broad host range, and demonstrate stability under a variety of environmental conditions. Additionally, they demonstrate biocontrol efficacy against bacterial infections in potato slices, radish seedlings, and potted experiments, underscoring their significant potential as biocontrol agents for the effective management of PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihe Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Cheligeer Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Simiao Liu
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Ruofang Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Utpal Handique
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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Azari R, Yousefi MH, Fallah AA, Alimohammadi A, Nikjoo N, Wagemans J, Berizi E, Hosseinzadeh S, Ghasemi M, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Controlling of foodborne pathogen biofilms on stainless steel by bacteriophages: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biofilm 2024; 7:100170. [PMID: 38234712 PMCID: PMC10793095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of using bacteriophages to control foodborne pathogen biofilms on stainless steel surfaces in the food industry. Biofilm-forming bacteria can attach to stainless steel surfaces, rendering them difficult to eradicate even after a thorough cleaning and sanitizing procedures. Bacteriophages have been proposed as a possible solution, as they can penetrate biofilms and destroy bacterial cells within, reducing the number of viable bacteria and preventing the growth and spread of biofilms. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the potential of bacteriophages against different biofilm-forming foodborne bacteria, including Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Listeria monocytogenes. Bacteriophage treatment generally causes a significant average reduction of 38 % in biofilm formation of foodborne pathogens on stainless steel. Subgroup analyses revealed that phages are more efficient in long-duration treatment. Also, applying a cocktail of phages is 1.26-fold more effective than applying individual phages. Phages at concentrations exceeding 107 PFU/ml are significantly more efficacious in eradicating bacteria within a biofilm. The antibacterial phage activity decreases substantially by 3.54-fold when applied at 4 °C compared to temperatures above 25 °C. This analysis suggests that bacteriophages can be a promising solution for controlling biofilms in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Azari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashem Yousefi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71946-84471, Iran
| | - Aziz A. Fallah
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, 34141, Iran
| | - Arezoo Alimohammadi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nastaran Nikjoo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Enayat Berizi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71946-84471, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, P. O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
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Li Y, Zhou W, Gao Y, Li X, Yuan L, Zhu G, Gu X, Yang Z. Nanozyme colourimetry based on temperate bacteriophage for rapid and sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus in food matrices. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 416:110657. [PMID: 38452659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Although bacteriophage-based biosensors are promising tools for rapid, convenient, and sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus in food products, the effect of biosensors using temperate phages as biorecognition elements to detect viable S. aureus isolates remains unclear. In this study, three temperate S. aureus phages were isolated and their biological features (one-step growth, host range, pH stability, temperature stability, and adsorption rate) were evaluated as the biological element. The selected phage SapYZUs8 was immobilized on the nanozyme Cu-MOF via electrostatic interactions to generate SapYZUs8@Cu-MOF, and its detection performance in real food (skim milk and pork) was then evaluated. Compared with phages SapYZUm7 and SapYZUs16, phage SapYZUs8 exhibited a broader host range, greater pH stability (3-12), and a better absorption rate (92 %, 8 min) suitable for S. aureus detection, which is likely the result of the DNA replication (DNA helicase) and phage tail protein genes in the SapYZUs8 genome. Therefore, phage SapYZUs8 was fixed on Cu-MOF to generate SapYZUs8@Cu-MOF, which exhibited good sensitivity and specificity for rapid colourimetric detection of viable S. aureus. The method took <0.5 h, and the detection limit was 1.09 × 102 CFU/mL. In addition, SapYZUs8@Cu-MOF was successfully employed for the colourimetric detection of S. aureus in food samples without interference from different food additives, NaCl concentrations, or pH values. With these benefits, it allows rapid visual assessment of S. aureus levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Yajun Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xuewen Gu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
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Vaz CSL, da Fonseca FN, Voss-Rech D, Morés MAZ, Coldebella A, Cantão ME. Wild-type lytic bacteriophages against Salmonella Heidelberg: Further characterization and effect of prophylactic therapy in broiler chickens. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105247. [PMID: 38554611 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
To characterize wild-type bacteriophages and their effect on Salmonella Heidelberg intestinal colonization in broilers, phages combined in a cocktail were continuously delivered via drinking water since the first day after hatching. After challenge with a field strain, broilers were evaluated at regular intervals for S. Heidelberg and bacteriophages in tissues and cecum, and gross and microscopic lesions in organs. Phages were highly virulent against S. Heidelberg by efficiency of plating. One-step growth curves exhibited eclipse period from 20 to 25 min, whereas the lowest latent period and higher burst size found were 45 min and 54 PFU/cell, respectively. Bacteriophage whole genomic sequencing analyses revealed a lack of genes related to lysogeny, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence factors. Relevant gross or microscopic lesions were absent in tissues analyzed from treated broilers. Although numerically stable bacteriophage concentrations were detected in the cecal contents of treated broilers, no significant difference was found for the S. Heidelberg cecal load in comparison to the untreated group and for the prevalence of positive tissues throughout the evaluated period. The phages produced turbid plaques against some S. Heidelberg re-isolated from treated broilers, suggesting the evolving of a resistant subpopulation. Overall, the results provide new evidence of the safety and in vitro replication of such phages in S. Heidelberg. Nevertheless, continuous administration of the phage suspension most likely induced the development of bacteriophage-resistant mutants, which might have affected the in vivo effect. Therefore, a putative administration protocol should be based on other strategies, such as short-term therapy at pre-harvest age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daiane Voss-Rech
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, PO box 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715899, Brazil
| | | | - Arlei Coldebella
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, PO box 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715899, Brazil
| | - Maurício Egídio Cantão
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, PO box 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715899, Brazil
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Kang J, Chang Y. Characterization of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus-targeting lytic bacteriophage SSJ01 and its application in artificial seawater. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1505-1515. [PMID: 38585574 PMCID: PMC10991608 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen causing serious illnesses. In this study, a new lytic bacteriophage SSJ01 that infects V. parahaemolyticus was isolated and characterized. It had a short non-contractile tail and belonged to the Caudoviricetes class. It rapidly adsorbed onto host cells, exhibited a short latent period, and has a large burst size. It showed lytic activities under a broad range of temperature (- 18 to 60 °C), pH (5 to 11), and salinity (0 to 6%). It contained 35 open reading frames with a G + C content of 49.16% without toxic or lysogen-forming genes. The MOI of 105 phage-treated group in vitro reduced the target cells up to 3.49-log CFU/mL at 6 °C and 3.47-log CFU/mL at 25 °C, respectively. In aquatic environments (6 and 25 °C), bactericidal activities showed a significant decrease within 2 h. Therefore, the bacteriophage SSJ01 has potential as a biocontrol agent to control V. parahaemolyticus in marine culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungu Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjee Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
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Choi Y, Kwak MJ, Kang MG, Kang AN, Lee W, Mun D, Choi H, Park J, Eor JY, Song M, Kim JN, Oh S, Kim Y. Molecular characterization and environmental impact of newly isolated lytic phage SLAM_phiST1N3 in the Cornellvirus genus for biocontrol of a multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in the swine industry chain. Sci Total Environ 2024; 922:171208. [PMID: 38408652 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is a highly lethal pathogenic bacterium in weaned piglets, causing significant treatment costs and economic losses in the swine industry. Additionally, due to its ability to induce zoonotic diseases, resulting in harm to humans through the transmission of the pathogen from pork, it presents a serious public health issue. Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that infect specific bacterial strains, have been proposed as an alternative to antibiotics for controlling pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we isolated SLAM_phiST1N3, a phage infecting a multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Typhimurium wild-type strain isolated from diseased pigs. First, comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis revealed that SLAM_phiST1N3 belongs to the Cornellvirus genus. Moreover, utilizing a novel classification approach introduced in this study, SLAM_phiST1N3 was classified at the species level. Host range experiments demonstrated that SLAM_phiST1N3 did not infect other pathogenic bacteria or probiotics derived from pigs or other livestock. While complete eradication of Salmonella was not achievable in the liquid inhibition assay, surprisingly, we succeeded in largely eliminating Salmonella in the FIMM analysis, a gut simulation system using weaned piglet feces. Furthermore, using the C. elegans model, we showcased the potential of SLAM_phiST1N3 to prevent S. Typhimurium infection in living organisms. In addition, it was confirmed that bacterial control could be achieved when phage was applied to Salmonella-contaminated pork. pH and temperature stability experiments demonstrated that SLAM_phiST1N3 can endure swine industry processes and digestive conditions. In conclusion, SLAM_phiST1N3 demonstrates potential environmental impact as a substance for Salmonella prevention across various aspects of the swine industry chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jin Kwak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Geun Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - An Na Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woogji Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daye Mun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkuk Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Eor
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Nam Kim
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangnam Oh
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea.
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Turchi B, Campobasso C, Nardinocchi A, Wagemans J, Torracca B, Lood C, Di Giuseppe G, Nieri P, Bertelloni F, Turini L, Ruffo V, Lavigne R, Di Luca M. Isolation and characterization of novel Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage Hesat from dairy origin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:299. [PMID: 38619619 PMCID: PMC11018700 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
A novel temperate phage, named Hesat, was isolated by the incubation of a dairy strain of Staphylococcus aureus belonging to spa-type t127 with either bovine or ovine milk. Hesat represents a new species of temperate phage within the Phietavirus genus of the Azeredovirinae subfamily. Its genome has a length of 43,129 bp and a GC content of 35.11% and contains 75 predicted ORFs, some of which linked to virulence. This includes (i) a pathogenicity island (SaPln2), homologous to the type II toxin-antitoxin system PemK/MazF family toxin; (ii) a DUF3113 protein (gp30) that is putatively involved in the derepression of the global repressor Stl; and (iii) a cluster coding for a PVL. Genomic analysis of the host strain indicates Hesat is a resident prophage. Interestingly, its induction was obtained by exposing the bacterium to milk, while the conventional mitomycin C-based approach failed. The host range of phage Hesat appears to be broad, as it was able to lyse 24 out of 30 tested S. aureus isolates. Furthermore, when tested at high titer (108 PFU/ml), Hesat phage was also able to lyse a Staphylococcus muscae isolate, a coagulase-negative staphylococcal strain. KEY POINTS: • A new phage species was isolated from a Staphylococcus aureus bovine strain. • Pathogenicity island and PVL genes are encoded within phage genome. • The phage is active against most of S. aureus strains from both animal and human origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Turchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Campobasso
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 37, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, Box 2462, 3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Arianna Nardinocchi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 37, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jeroen Wagemans
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, Box 2462, 3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Beatrice Torracca
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cédric Lood
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, Box 2462, 3001, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Box 2460, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Turini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Ruffo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, Box 2462, 3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Mariagrazia Di Luca
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 37, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
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12
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Nithiya P, Alagarsamy G, Sathish PB, Rajarathnam D, Li X, Jeyaraj S, Satheesh M, Selvakumar R. Impact of effluent parameters and vancomycin concentration on vancomycin resistant Escherichia coli and its host specific bacteriophage lytic activity in hospital effluent. Environ Res 2024; 247:118334. [PMID: 38316381 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Vancomycin resistance in bacteria has been classified under high priority category by World Health Organization (WHO) and its presence in hospital effluent is reported to be increasing owing to excess antibiotics use. Among various strategies, bacteriophage has been recently considered as a promising biological agent for combating such antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB). However, the influence of effluent's properties on phage-ARB interaction in actual hospital effluent is not completely understood. The present works intends to study this influence of hospital effluent and its parameters on the interaction between vancomycin resistant E. coli (VRE) and its host specific bacteriophage. The isolated VRE was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI - TOF) and whole genome sequencing. The infectivity of phage onto host bacteria was investigated using electron microscopic techniques, dynamic light scattering (DLS), spectrofluorophotometer and confirmed using double agar overlay method. The monovalency and polyvalency of isolated phage against various bacterial species were determined. The phage morphology was identical to T7 phage belonging to Podoviridae. The phage lysis was maximum at pH 7 (90.2%), 37 °C (91.6%) and vancomycin concentration of 50 μg/mL in both synthetic media (89.13%) and effluent (100%). At a maximum vancomycin concentration of 100 μg/mL, decrease in Ca, K, Mg and P (up to 19.70, 14.18, 28, and 15.82% respectively) concentration in effluent was observed due to phage infectivity when compared to control. The whole genome sequencing was performed and the bioinformatics analysis presented the role of mdfA gene encoding the efflux pump in causing vancomycin resistance in E. coli. It also depicted the presence of multiple genes responsible for mercury, cobalt, zinc and cadmium resistance in VRE. These results clearly indicate that bacteriophage mediated combating of VRE is possible in actual hospital effluent and can be used as one of the treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nithiya
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - G Alagarsamy
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - P B Sathish
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - D Rajarathnam
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Sankarganesh Jeyaraj
- PSG Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, 641004, India; PSG Center for Genetics and Molecular Biology, Off Avinashi Road, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - Manjima Satheesh
- PSG Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, 641004, India; PSG Center for Genetics and Molecular Biology, Off Avinashi Road, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - R Selvakumar
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641004, India.
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13
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Li L, Zhou M, Yu M, Ren X, Li L, Shen C, Deng C, Liu Y, Yang B. Correlation between the development of phage resistance and the original antibiotic resistance of host bacteria under the co-exposure of antibiotic and bacteriophage. Environ Res 2024:118921. [PMID: 38631474 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses capable of regulating the proliferation of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). However, phages that directly cause host lethality may quickly select for phage resistant bacteria, and the co-evolutionary trade-offs under varying environmental conditions, including the presence of antibiotics, remains unclear as to their impact on phage and antibiotic resistance. Here, we report the emergence of phage resistance in three distinct E. coli strains with varying resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, treated with different ampicillin (AMP) concentrations. Hosts exhibiting stronger antibiotic resistance demonstrated a higher propensity to develop and maintain stable phage resistance. When exposed to polyvalent phage KNT-1, the growth of AMP-sensitive E. coli K12 was nearly suppressed within 18 h, while the exponential growth of AMP-resistant E. coli TEM and super-resistant E. coli NDM-1 was delayed by 12 h and 8 h, respectively. The mutation frequency and mutated colony count of E. coli NDM-1 were almost unaffected by co-existing AMP, whereas for E. coli TEM and K12, these metrics significantly decreased with increasing AMP concentration from 8 to 50 μg/mL, becoming unquantifiable at 100 μg/mL. Furthermore, the fitness costs of phage resistance mutation and its impact on initial antibiotic resistance in bacteria were further examined, through analyzing AMP susceptibility, biofilm formation and EPS secretion of the isolated phage resistant mutants. The results indicated that acquiring phage resistance could decrease antibiotic resistance, particularly for hosts lacking strong antibiotic resistance. The ability of mutants to form biofilm contributes to antibiotic resistance, but the correlation is not entirely positive, while the secretion of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), especially the protein content, plays a crucial role in protecting the bacteria from both antibiotic and phage exposure. This study explores phage resistance development in hosts with different antibiotic resistance and helps to understand the limitations and possible solutions of phage-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China.
| | - Mengya Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China
| | - Ming Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China
| | - Xu Ren
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of City Solid Waste Energy and Building Materials Conversion and Utilization Technology, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Linzhi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China
| | - Chunjun Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China
| | - Chunping Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China
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14
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Zhang H, Su X, Zheng X, Liu M, Zhao C, Liu X, Ma Z, Zhang S, Zhang W. vB_EcoM-P896 coliphage isolated from duck sewage can lyse both intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00519-5. [PMID: 38613721 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains cause diseases in both humans and animals. The limiting factors to prevent as well as control infections from pathogenic E. coli strains are their pathotypes, serotypes, and drug resistance. Herein, a bacteriophage (vB_EcoM-P896) has been isolated from duck sewage. Furthermore, aside from targeting intestinal pathogenic E. coli strains like enteropathogenic E. coli, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, entero-invasive E. coli, and enteroaggregative E. coli, vB_EcoM-P896 can cause lysis in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains such as avian pathogenic E. coli. Stability analysis revealed that vB_EcoM-P896 was stable under the following conditions: temperature, 4℃-50℃; pH, 3-11. The sequencing of the vB_EcoM-P896 genome was conducted utilizing an HiSeq system (Illumina, San Diego, CA) and subjected to de novo assembling with the aid of Spades 3.11.1. The characteristics of the DNA genome were as follows: size, 170,656 bp; GC content, 40.4%; the number of putative coding regions, 294. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of morphology and genome analysis revealed that the phage vB_EcoM-P896 belonged to the order Caudovirales and the family Myoviridae. The pan-genome analysis of vB_EcoM-P896 was divided into two levels. The first level involved the analysis of 91 strains of muscle tail phages, which were mainly divided into 5 groups. The second level involved the analysis of 24 strains of myophage with high homology. Of the 1480 gene clusters, 23 were shared core genes. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees were constructed using the Poisson model with MEGA6.0 based on the conserved sequences of phage proteins, the amino acid sequence of the terminase large subunit, and tail fibrin. Further analysis revealed that vB_EcoM-P896 was a typical T4-like potent phage with potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Food and Biology Engineering, Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, 241003, China
- Detection of Food-Borne Pathogenic Microorganisms Engineering Research Center of Wuhu, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Xiazhu Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangkuan Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meihan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chengxin Zhao
- Fushan Economic Development Zone, Yantai Jinhai Pharmaceutical Co. LTD 28 Jilin Road, Yantai City, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Fushan Economic Development Zone, Yantai Jinhai Pharmaceutical Co. LTD 28 Jilin Road, Yantai City, China
| | - Zhenxing Ma
- Department of Food and Biology Engineering, Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, 241003, China
- Detection of Food-Borne Pathogenic Microorganisms Engineering Research Center of Wuhu, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Food and Biology Engineering, Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, 241003, China.
- Detection of Food-Borne Pathogenic Microorganisms Engineering Research Center of Wuhu, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Detection of Food-Borne Pathogenic Microorganisms Engineering Research Center of Wuhu, Wuhu, 241000, China.
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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15
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Wu Q, An N, Fang Z, Li S, Xiang L, Liu Q, Tan L, Weng Q. Characteristics and whole-genome analysis of a novel Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato bacteriophage D6 isolated from a karst cave. Virus Genes 2024:10.1007/s11262-024-02064-9. [PMID: 38594490 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae is a gram-negative plant pathogen that infects plants such as tomato and poses a threat to global crop production. In this study, a novel lytic phage infecting P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, named phage D6, was isolated and characterized from sediments in a karst cave. The latent period of phage D6 was found to be 60 min, with a burst size of 16 plaque-forming units per cell. Phage D6 was stable at temperatures between 4 and 40 °C but lost infectivity when heated to 70 °C. Its infectivity was unaffected at pH 6-10 but became inactivated at pH ≤ 5 or ≥ 12. The genome of phage D6 is a linear double-stranded DNA of 307,402 bp with a G + C content of 48.43%. There is a codon preference between phage D6 and its host, and the translation of phage D6 gene may not be entirely dependent on the tRNA library provided by the host. A total of 410 open reading frames (ORFs) and 14 tRNAs were predicted in its genome, with 92 ORFs encoding proteins with predicted functions. Phage D6 showed low genomic similarity to known phage genomes in the GenBank and Viral sequence databases. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that phage D6 is a novel phage. The tomato plants were first injected with phage D6, and subsequently with Pst DC3000, using the foliar spraying and root drenching inoculum approach. Results obtained after 14 days indicated that phage D6 inoculation decreased P. syringae-induced symptoms in tomato leaves and inhibited the pathogen's growth in the leaves. The amount of Pst DC3000 was reduced by 150- and 263-fold, respectively. In conclusion, the lytic phage D6 identified in this study belongs to a novel phage within the Caudoviricetes class and has potential for use in biological control of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni An
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Xiang
- Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Leitao Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbei Weng
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
- Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Alsaadi SE, Lu H, Zhang M, Dykes GF, Allison HE, Horsburgh MJ. Bacteriophages from human skin infecting coagulase-negative Staphylococcus: diversity, novelty and host resistance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8245. [PMID: 38589670 PMCID: PMC11001980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The human skin microbiome comprises diverse populations that differ temporally between body sites and individuals. The virome is a less studied component of the skin microbiome and the study of bacteriophages is required to increase knowledge of the modulation and stability of bacterial communities. Staphylococcus species are among the most abundant colonisers of skin and are associated with both health and disease yet the bacteriophages infecting the most abundant species on skin are less well studied. Here, we report the isolation and genome sequencing of 40 bacteriophages from human skin swabs that infect coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) species, which extends our knowledge of phage diversity. Six genetic clusters of phages were identified with two clusters representing novel phages, one of which we characterise and name Alsa phage. We identified that Alsa phages have a greater ability to infect the species S. hominis that was otherwise infected less than other CoNS species by the isolated phages, indicating an undescribed barrier to phage infection that could be in part due to numerous restriction-modification systems. The extended diversity of Staphylococcus phages here enables further research to define their contribution to skin microbiome research and the mechanisms that limit phage infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah E Alsaadi
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hanshuo Lu
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Minxing Zhang
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory F Dykes
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Heather E Allison
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Malcolm J Horsburgh
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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17
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Ning Y, Teng T, Wu X, Wang M, Jiao X, Qiao J. Development of an enzyme-linked phage receptor-binding protein assay (ELPRA) based on a novel biorecognition molecule- receptor-binding protein Gp130 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage Henu5. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 177:110442. [PMID: 38593554 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with life-threatening healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), including burn wound infections, pneumonia and sepsis. Moreover, P. aeruginosa has been considered a pathogen of global concern due to its rising antibiotic resistance. Efficient identification of P. aeruginosa would significantly benefit the containment of bacterial infections, prevent pathogen transmission, and provide orientated treatment options. The accuracy and specificity of bacterial detection are primarily dictated by the biorecognition molecules employed. Lytic bacteriophages (or phages) could specifically attach to and lyse host bacterial cells. Phages' host specificity is typically determined by their receptor-binding proteins (RBPs), which recognize and adsorb phages to particular bacterial host receptors. This makes RBPs promising biorecognition molecules in bacterial detection. This study identified a novel RBP (Gp130) from the P. aeruginosa phage Henu5. A modified enzyme-linked phage receptor-binding protein assay (ELPRA) was developed for P. aeruginosa detection employing Gp130 as biorecognition molecules. Optimized conditions provided a calibration curve for P. aeruginosa with a range from 1.0 × 103 to 1.0 × 107 CFU/mL, with a limit of detection as low as 10 CFU/mL in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). With VITEKⓇ 2 Compact system identification (40 positives and 21 negatives) as the gold standard, the sensitivity of ELPRA was 0.950 (0.818-0.991), and the specificity was 0.905 (0.682-0.983) within a 95 %confidence interval. Moreover, the recovery test in spiked mouse serum showed recovery rates ranging from 82.79 %to 98.17%, demonstrating the prospect of the proposed ELPRA for detecting P. aeruginosa in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ning
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Tieshan Teng
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Xuehan Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Menglu Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Xin Jiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Jinjuan Qiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China; Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China.
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18
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Tahseen H, Ul Huda N, Nawaz H, Majeed MI, Alwadie N, Rashid N, Aslam MA, Zafar N, Asghar M, Anwar A, Ashraf A, Umer R. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for comparison of biochemical profile of bacteriophage sensitive and resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 310:123968. [PMID: 38330510 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is gram positive bacteria and leading cause of a wide variety of diseases. It is a common cause of hospitalized and community-acquired infections. Development of increasing antibiotic-resistance by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains demand to develop alternate novel therapies. Bacteriophages are now widely used as antibacterial therapies against antibiotic-resistant gram-positive pathogens. So, there is an urgent need to find fast detection techniques to point out phage susceptible and resistant strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacteria. Samples of two separate strains of bacteria, S. aureus, in form of pellets and supernatant, were used for this purpose. Strain-I was resistant to phage, while the other (strain-II) was sensitive. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) has detected significant biochemical changes in these bacterial strains of pellets and supernatants in the form of SERS spectral features. The protein portion of these two types of strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in their relevant pellets and supernatants is major distinguishing biomolecule as shown by their representative SERS spectral features. In addition, multivariate data analysis techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and a partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were found to be helpful in identifying and characterizing various strains of S. aureus which are sensitive and resistant to bacteriophage with 100% specificity, 100% accuracy, and 99.8% sensitivity in case of SERS spectral data sets of bacterial cell pellets. Moreover, in case of supernatant samples, the results of PLS-DA model including 95.5% specificity, 96% sensitivity, and 96.5% accuracy are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Tahseen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Noor Ul Huda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Irfan Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Najah Alwadie
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nosheen Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Aslam
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nishat Zafar
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maria Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabiea Umer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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19
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Stanton CR, Petrovski S, Batinovic S. Isolation of a PRD1-like phage uncovers the carriage of three putative conjugative plasmids in clinical Burkholderia contaminans. Res Microbiol 2024:104202. [PMID: 38582389 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2024.104202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of increasingly multi-drug resistant opportunistic bacteria. This resistance is driven through a combination of intrinsic factors and the carriage of a broad range of conjugative plasmids harbouring virulence determinants. Therefore, novel treatments are required to treat and prevent further spread of these virulence determinants. In the search for phages infective for clinical Bcc isolates, CSP1 phage, a PRD1-like phage was isolated. CSP1 phage was found to require pilus machinery commonly encoded on conjugative plasmids to facilitate infection of Gram-negative bacteria genera including Escherichia and Pseudomonas. Whole genome sequencing and characterisation of one of the clinical Burkholderia isolates revealed it to be Burkholderia contaminans. B. contaminans 5080 was found to contain a genome of over 8 Mbp encoding multiple intrinsic resistance factors, such as efflux pump systems, but more interestingly, carried three novel plasmids encoding multiple putative virulence factors for increased host fitness, including antimicrobial resistance. Even though PRD1-like phages are broad host range, their use in novel antimicrobial treatments shouldn't be dismissed, as the dissemination potential of conjugative plasmids is extensive. Continued survey of clinical bacterial strains is also key to understanding the spread of antimicrobial resistance determinants and plasmid evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra R Stanton
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Petrovski
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Steven Batinovic
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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20
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MacConnell AE, Levack AE, Brown NM. Biofilm and How It Relates to Prosthetic Joint Infection. Orthop Clin North Am 2024; 55:161-169. [PMID: 38403363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infection following total joint arthroplasty is a devastating complication, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality for the patient. The formation of a biofilm on implanted hardware contributes to the difficulty in successful identification and eradication of the infection. Antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention are necessary for addressing this condition; we present a discussion on different treatment options, including those that are not yet routinely utilized in the clinical setting or are under investigation, to highlight the present and future of PJI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E MacConnell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Suite 1700, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Ashley E Levack
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Suite 1700, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Nicholas M Brown
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Suite 1700, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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21
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Li J, Guo A, Huang S, Azam F, Sun X, Zhang J, Long L, Zhang S. Outer membrane vesicles produced by coral-associated Vibrio coralliilyticus inhibit bacteriophage infection and its ecological implications. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127607. [PMID: 38228019 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The potential to produce and release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is evolutionarily conserved among bacteria, facilitating interactions between microbes. OMV release and its ecological significance have rarely been reported in coral holobionts. Here, via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we discovered that the coral-associated strain Vibrio coralliilyticus DSM 19607 produced OMVs in culture. OMVs purified from V. coralliilyticus DSM 19607 inhibited the bacteriophage (phage) SBM1 infection of the V. coralliilyticus host, which was impaired by elevated temperature. Observation via TEM showed that sequestrating phages was a potential approach for V. coralliilyticus OMVs protection against phage infection. Furthermore, detection in coral mucus showed that interactions between membrane vesicles and phages potentially occurred in the natural environment. These results imply that OMVs regulate the coral microbiome and may have important implications for our mechanistic understanding of coral health and disease in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Anjie Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sijun Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Farooq Azam
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Xinyuanyuan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijuan Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Si Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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22
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Hourigan D, Stefanovic E, Hill C, Ross RP. Promiscuous, persistent and problematic: insights into current enterococcal genomics to guide therapeutic strategy. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:103. [PMID: 38539119 PMCID: PMC10976773 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are major opportunistic pathogens and the causative agents of serious diseases, such as urinary tract infections and endocarditis. VRE strains mainly include species of Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis which can colonise the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of patients and, following growth and persistence in the gut, can transfer to blood resulting in systemic dissemination in the body. Advancements in genomics have revealed that hospital-associated VRE strains are characterised by increased numbers of mobile genetic elements, higher numbers of antibiotic resistance genes and often lack active CRISPR-Cas systems. Additionally, comparative genomics have increased our understanding of dissemination routes among patients and healthcare workers. Since the efficiency of currently available antibiotics is rapidly declining, new measures to control infection and dissemination of these persistent pathogens are urgently needed. These approaches include combinatory administration of antibiotics, strengthening colonisation resistance of the gut microbiota to reduce VRE proliferation through commensals or probiotic bacteria, or switching to non-antibiotic bacterial killers, such as bacteriophages or bacteriocins. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the genomics of VRE isolates and state-of-the-art therapeutic advances against VRE infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hourigan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, Biosciences Research Institute, College Rd, University College, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Rd, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ewelina Stefanovic
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, Biosciences Research Institute, College Rd, University College, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Moorepark West, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, Biosciences Research Institute, College Rd, University College, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Rd, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, Biosciences Research Institute, College Rd, University College, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Rd, University College, Cork, Ireland.
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Moorepark West, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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23
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Turrini E, Ulfo L, Costantini PE, Saporetti R, Di Giosia M, Nigro M, Petrosino A, Pappagallo L, Kaltenbrunner A, Cantelli A, Pellicioni V, Catanzaro E, Fimognari C, Calvaresi M, Danielli A. Molecular engineering of a spheroid-penetrating phage nanovector for photodynamic treatment of colon cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:144. [PMID: 38494579 PMCID: PMC10944812 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents an emerging strategy to treat various malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CC), the third most common cancer type. This work presents an engineered M13 phage retargeted towards CC cells through pentavalent display of a disulfide-constrained peptide nonamer. The M13CC nanovector was conjugated with the photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB), and the photodynamic anticancer effects of the resulting M13CC-RB bioconjugate were investigated on CC cells. We show that upon irradiation M13CC-RB is able to impair CC cell viability, and that this effect depends on i) photosensitizer concentration and ii) targeting efficiency towards CC cell lines, proving the specificity of the vector compared to unmodified M13 phage. We also demonstrate that M13CC-RB enhances generation and intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggering CC cell death. To further investigate the anticancer potential of M13CC-RB, we performed PDT experiments on 3D CC spheroids, proving, for the first time, the ability of engineered M13 phage conjugates to deeply penetrate multicellular spheroids. Moreover, significant photodynamic effects, including spheroid disruption and cytotoxicity, were readily triggered at picomolar concentrations of the phage vector. Taken together, our results promote engineered M13 phages as promising nanovector platform for targeted photosensitization, paving the way to novel adjuvant approaches to fight CC malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Turrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita (QUVI), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, C.So D'Augusto, 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Luca Ulfo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Emidio Costantini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Saporetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Nigro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annapaola Petrosino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Pappagallo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alena Kaltenbrunner
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cantelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Pellicioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita (QUVI), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, C.So D'Augusto, 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Elena Catanzaro
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita (QUVI), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, C.So D'Augusto, 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alberto Danielli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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24
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Tidim G, Guzel M, Soyer Y, Erel-Goktepe I. Layer-by-layer assembly of chitosan/alginate thin films containing Salmonella enterica bacteriophages for antibacterial applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121710. [PMID: 38220322 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and the ineffectiveness of routine treatments inspired development of alternatives to biocides for antibacterial applications. Bacteriophages are natural predators of bacteria and are promising alternatives to antibiotics. This study presents fabrication of a Salmonella enterica bacteriophage containing ultra-thin multilayer film composed of chitosan and alginate and demonstrates its potential as an antibacterial coating for food packaging applications. Chitosan/alginate film was prepared through layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique. A bacteriophage, which belongs to Siphoviridae morphotype (MET P1-001_43) and infects Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis), was post-loaded into chitosan/alginate film. The LbL growth, stability, and surface morphology of chitosan/alginate film as well as phage deposition into multilayers were analysed through ellipsometry, QCM-D and AFM techniques. The bacteriophage containing multilayers showed antibacterial activity at pH 7.0. In contrast, anti-bacterial activity was not observed at acidic conditions. We showed that wrapping a Salmonella Enteritidis contaminated chicken piece with aluminium foil whose surface was modified with phage loaded chitosan/alginate multilayers decreased the number of colonies on the chicken meat, and it was as effective as treating the meat directly with phage solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Tidim
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Guzel
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Food Engineering, Hitit University, 19030, Corum, Turkey
| | - Yesim Soyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irem Erel-Goktepe
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey; Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Eng. Middle East Technical University, 06800 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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25
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Liu B, Chang Z, Li Z, Liu R, Liu X. Prediction of key amino acids of Salmonella phage endolysin LysST-3 and detection of its mutants' activity. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:151. [PMID: 38467842 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium, a zoonotic pathogen, causes systemic and localized infection. The emergence of drug-resistant S. Typhimurium has increased; treating bacterial infections remains challenging. Phage endolysins derived from phages have a broader spectrum of bacteriolysis and better bacteriolytic activity than phages, and are less likely to induce drug resistance than antibiotics. LysST-3, the endolysin of Salmonella phage ST-3, was chosen in our study for its high lytic activity, broad cleavage spectrum, excellent bioactivity, and moderate safety profile. LysST-3 is a promising antimicrobial agent for inhibiting the development of drug resistance in Salmonella. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular characteristics of LysST-3 through the prediction of key amino acid sites of LysST-3 and detection of its mutants' activity. We investigated its lytic effect on Salmonella and identified its key amino acid sites of interaction with substrate. LysST-3 may be a Ca2+, Mg2+ - dependent metalloenzyme. Its concave structure of the bottom "gripper" was found to be an important part of its amino acid active site. We identified its key sites (29P, 30T, 86D, 88 L, and 89 V) for substrate binding and activity using amino acid-targeted mutagenesis. Alterations in these sites did not affect protein secondary structure, but led to a significant reduction in the cleavage activity of the mutant proteins. Our study provides a basis for phage endolysin modification to target drug-resistant bacteria. Identifying the key amino acid site of the endolysin LysST-3 provides theoretical support for the functional modification of the endolysin and the development of subsequent effective therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academy IV, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101314, China.
| | - Zhankun Chang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academy IV, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101314, China
| | - Zong Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academy IV, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101314, China
| | - Ruyin Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academy IV, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101314, China
| | - Xinchun Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academy IV, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101314, China.
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Building 9, Zhonghai Hotel, West of Huanghe 8th Road, Bincheng District, Binzhou, 256600, China.
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26
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Hong Q, Chang RYK, Assafiri O, Morales S, Chan HK. Optimizing in vitro phage-ciprofloxacin combination formulation for respiratory therapy of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123853. [PMID: 38280500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory infection caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is challenging to treat. In this study, we investigate the optimal dose of anti-pseudomonas phage PEV31 (103, 105, and 108 PFU/mL) combined with ciprofloxacin (ranging from 1/8× MIC to 8× MIC) to treat the MDR P. aeruginosa strain FADD1-PA001 using time-kill studies. We determined the impact of phage growth kinetics in the presence of ciprofloxacin through one-step growth analysis. Single treatments with either phage PEV31 or ciprofloxacin (except at 8× MIC) showed limited bactericidal efficiency, with bacterial regrowth observed at 48 h. The most effective treatments were PEV31 at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1 and 100 combined with ciprofloxacin at concentrations above 1× MIC, resulting in a >4 log10 reduction in bacterial counts. While the burst size of phage PEV31 was decreased with increasing ciprofloxacin concentration, robust antimicrobial effects were still maintained in the combination treatment. Aerosol samples collected from vibrating mesh nebulization of the combination formulation at phage MOI of 100 with 2× MIC effectively inhibited bacterial density. In summary, our combination treatments eradicated in vitro bacterial growth and sustained antimicrobial effects for 48 h. These results indicated the potential application of nebulization-based strategies for the combination treatment against MDR lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Hong
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Omar Assafiri
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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27
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Byun KH, Han SH, Choi MW, Kim BH, Ha SD. Efficacy of disinfectant and bacteriophage mixture against planktonic and biofilm state of Listeria monocytogenes to control in the food industry. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 413:110587. [PMID: 38301541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Fresh produce and animal-based products contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes have been the main cause of listeriosis outbreaks for many years. The present investigation explored the potential of combination treatment of disinfectants with a bacteriophage cocktail to control L. monocytogenes contamination in the food industry. A mixture of 1 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl], hydrogen peroxide [H2O2], and lactic acid [LA]) and multiplicity of infection (MOI) 100 of phage cocktail was applied to both planktonic cells in vitro and already-formed biofilm cells on food contact materials (FCMs; polyethylene, polypropylene, and stainless steel) and foods (celery and chicken meat). All the combinations significantly lowered the population, biofilm-forming ability, and the expression of flaA, motB, hlyA, prfA, actA, and sigB genes of L. monocytogenes. Additionally, in the antibiofilm test, approximately 4 log CFU/cm2 was eradicated by 6 h treatment on FCMs, and 3 log CFU/g was eradicated within 3 days on celery. However, <2 log CFU/g was eradicated in chicken meat, and regrowth of L. monocytogenes was observed on foods after 5 days. The biofilm eradication efficacy of the combination treatment was proven through visualization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy. In the SEM images, the unusual behavior of L. monocytogenes invading from the surface to the inside was observed after treating celery with NaOCl+P or H2O2 + P. These results suggested that combination of disinfectants (NaOCl, H2O2, and LA) with Listeria-specific phage cocktail can be employed in the food industry as a novel antimicrobial and antibiofilm approach, and further research of L. monocytogenes behavior after disinfection is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kye-Hwan Byun
- Technology Innovation Research Division, Hygienic Safety and Materials Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, South Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 17546, South Korea
| | - Sang Ha Han
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 17546, South Korea
| | - Min Woo Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 17546, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Hu Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 17546, South Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 17546, South Korea.
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28
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Young J, Lee SW, Shariyate MJ, Cronin A, Wixted JJ, Nazarian A, Rowley CF, Rodriguez EK. Bacteriophage therapy and current delivery strategies for orthopedic infections: A SCOPING review. J Infect 2024; 88:106125. [PMID: 38373574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interest in phages as adjunctive therapy to treat difficult infections has grown in the last decade. However, phage dosing and delivery for orthopedic infections have not been systematically summarized. METHODS Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted a SCOPING review through September 1st, 2023, of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Central. RESULTS In total, 77 studies were included, of which 19 (24.7%) were in vitro studies, 17 (22.1%) were animal studies, and 41 (53.2%) were studies in humans. A total of 137 contemporary patients receiving phage therapy are described. CONCLUSIONS Direct phage delivery remains the most studied form of phage therapy, notably in prosthetic joint infections, osteomyelitis, and diabetic foot ulcers. Available evidence describing phage therapy in humans suggests favorable outcomes for orthopedic infections, though this evidence is composed largely of low-level descriptive studies. Several phage delivery devices have been described, though a lack of comparative and in-human evidence limits their therapeutic application. Limitations to the use of phage therapy for orthopedic infections that need to be overcome include a lack of understanding related to optimal dosing and phage pharmacokinetics, bacterial heterogeneity in an infection episode, and phage therapy toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Young
- Harvard Combined Orthopedic Residency Program, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Mohammad J Shariyate
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - John J Wixted
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Christopher F Rowley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward K Rodriguez
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Bisen M, Kharga K, Mehta S, Jabi N, Kumar L. Bacteriophages in nature: recent advances in research tools and diverse environmental and biotechnological applications. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:22199-22242. [PMID: 38411907 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriophages infect and replicate within bacteria and play a key role in the environment, particularly in microbial ecosystems and bacterial population dynamics. The increasing recognition of their significance stems from their wide array of environmental and biotechnological uses, which encompass the mounting issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Beyond their therapeutic potential in combating antibiotic-resistant infections, bacteriophages also find vast applications such as water quality monitoring, bioremediation, and nutrient cycling within environmental sciences. Researchers are actively involved in isolating and characterizing bacteriophages from different natural sources to explore their applications. Gaining insights into key aspects such as the life cycle of bacteriophages, their host range, immune interactions, and physical stability is vital to enhance their application potential. The establishment of diverse phage libraries has become indispensable to facilitate their wide-ranging uses. Consequently, numerous protocols, ranging from traditional to cutting-edge techniques, have been developed for the isolation, detection, purification, and characterization of bacteriophages from diverse environmental sources. This review offers an exploration of tools, delves into the methods of isolation, characterization, and the extensive environmental applications of bacteriophages, particularly in areas like water quality assessment, the food sector, therapeutic interventions, and the phage therapy in various infections and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monish Bisen
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Kusum Kharga
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Sakshi Mehta
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Nashra Jabi
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Lokender Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Raj Khosla Centre for Cancer Research, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, 173229, India.
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Abstract
Sessile forms of bacteria remain as an aggregation on biotic and abiotic surfaces, known as biofilm, that protects them from various environmental stress, like antibiotic and host immune response. The oral cavity is enriched with microbial biofilm, formed on dental surface, gingival plaques, and associated tissue. Several pathogenic viruses enter the oral cavity and form biofilms either on pre-existing biofilms or on cell surfaces. They achieved persistence and the ability to prompt dissemination in the biofilm. Dental biofilms of COVID-19 patients are found to harbor SARS-CoV-2 RNA and may act as a budding reservoir, which also promotes COVID-19 transmission. On the other hand, most of the prokaryotic viruses or bacteriophages essentially kill the host bacteria and thereby destroy the biofilm. Bacteria try to evade from phage attack by concealing in biofilm, whereas the eukaryotic virus often utilize bacterial biofilm to escape host's immune response and to achieve an easy way of dissemination. The opposite action of viruses as an inducer and eradicator of biofilm has made the oral biofilm a unique ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Rani Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, Haringhata, Nadia, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, FVHM+9QP, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha, 768019, India
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Lee S, Lynch S, Lin RCY, Myung H, Iredell JR. Phage Therapy in Korea: A Prescribers' Survey of Attitudes Amongst Korean Infectious Diseases Specialists Towards Phage Therapy. Infect Chemother 2024; 56:57-65. [PMID: 38178710 PMCID: PMC10990887 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2023.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns about the rise in antimicrobial resistance have led to renewed interest in phage therapy worldwide, but perceptions among relevant medical professionals in Korea remain largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a semi-quantitative online survey to evaluate the Korean infectious disease specialists' perception of phage therapy. RESULTS We sent out the link to the questionnaire to 380 subjects and received 91 replies, with 90/91 respondents identifying as Korean infectious diseases specialists or trainees. Ten out of 91 (11.0%) respondents scored themselves as well-informed about phage therapy. The majority (93.4%) of respondents would consider using phage therapy if the safety of the phage formulation is guaranteed, and 80% of respondents would consider participating in clinical trials with phage therapy given adequate support. The biggest concern was uncertainty about safety (73.6%) and efficacy (65.9%). Acinetobacter baumannii was ranked as a high priority for phage therapy research, as were bone and joint infections. CONCLUSION Korean infectious diseases specialists are receptive to phage therapy, but a better understanding of safety, efficacy and clinical trials are warranted to progress phage therapy within the Korean healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinwon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
| | - Stephanie Lynch
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruby C Y Lin
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heejoon Myung
- Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea
- LyseNTech, Co. Ltd. Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jonathan R Iredell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Murray TS, Stanley G, Koff JL. Novel Approaches to Multidrug-Resistant Infections in Cystic Fibrosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2024; 38:149-162. [PMID: 38280761 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) often develop respiratory tract infections with pathogenic multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and a variety of gram-negative organisms that include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Despite the introduction of new therapies to address underlying cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction, MDRO infections remain a problem and novel antimicrobial interventions are still needed. Therapeutic approaches include improving the efficacy of existing drugs by adjusting the dose based on differences in CF patient pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, the development of inhaled formulations to reduce systemic adverse events, and the use of newer beta-lactam/beta-lactamase combinations. Alternative innovative therapeutic approaches include the use of gallium and bacteriophages to treat MDRO pulmonary infections including those with extreme antibiotic resistance. However, additional clinical trials are required to determine the optimal dosing and efficacy of these different strategies and to identify patients with CF most likely to benefit from these new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208064, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA.
| | - Gail Stanley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208057, 300 Cedar Street TAC-441 South, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA; Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program; Yale University Center for Phage Biology & Therapy.
| | - Jonathan L Koff
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program; Yale University Center for Phage Biology & Therapy; Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208057, 300 Cedar Street TAC-455A South, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.
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Choudhary A, Midha T, Gulati I, Baranwal S. Isolation, Genomic Characterization of Shigella prophage fPSFA that effectively infects multi-drug resistant Shigella isolates from the Indian Poultry Sector. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106538. [PMID: 38184177 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Because of uncontrolled use of antibiotics, emergence of multidrug-resistant Shigella species poses a huge potential of zoonotic transfer from poultry sector. With increasing resistance to current antibiotics, there is a critical need to explore antibiotic alternatives. Using a Shigella flexneri reference strain, we isolated a novel fPSFA phage after inducing with mitomycin C. The phage was found to be stable for wide ranges of temperature -20 °C-65 °C and pH 3 to 11. fPSFA shows a latent period that ranges from 20 to 30 min and generation times of 50-60 min. The genome analysis of phage reveals two major contigs of 23788 bp and 23285 bp with 50.16 % and 39.33 % G + C content containing a total of 80 CDS and 2 tRNA genes. The phage belongs to Straboviridae family and lacks any virulence or antimicrobial resistance gene, thus making it a suitable candidate for treatment of drug-resistant infections. To confirm lytic ability of novel phage, we isolated 54 multidrug-resistant Shigella species from thirty-five poultry fecal samples that shows multiple antibiotic resistance index ranging from 0.15 to 0.75 (from 3 Indian states). The fPSFA showed lytic activity against multidrug-resistant Shigella isolates (73.08 %) (MARI≥0.50). The wide host ranges of fPSFA phage demonstrate its potential to be used as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaina Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Tushar Midha
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Ishita Gulati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Somesh Baranwal
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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Xiang N, Wong CW, Guo X, Wang S. Infectivity responses of Salmonella enterica to bacteriophages on maize seeds and maize sprouts. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100708. [PMID: 38444730 PMCID: PMC10912052 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) is a major foodborne pathogen leading to a large number of outbreaks and bringing food safety concerns to sprouts. The control of S. enterica on maize sprouts is important because raw maize sprouts have been gaining attention as a novel superfood. Compared to conventional chemical methods, the applications of bacteriophages are regarded as natural and organic. This study investigated the effects of a 2 h phage cocktail (SF1 and SI1, MOI 1000) soaking on reducing the populations of three Salmonella enterica strains: S. Enteritidis S5-483, S. Typhimurium S5-536, and S. Agona PARC5 on maize seeds and during the storage of maize sprouts. The results showed that the phage cocktail treatment effectively reduced populations of S. enterica strains by 1-3 log CFU/g on maize seeds and decreased population of S. Agona PACR5 by 1.16 log CFU/g on maize sprouts from 7.55 log CFU/g at day 0 of the storage period. On the other hand, the upregulations of flagella gene pefA by 1.5-folds and membrane gene lpxA by 23-folds in S. Typhimurium S5-536 indicated a differential response to the phage cocktail treatment. Conversely, stress response genes ompR, rpoS, and recA, as well as the DNA repair gene yafD, were downregulated in S. Agona PARC5. This work shows the use of bacteriophages could contribute as a part of hurdle effect to reduce S. enterica populations and is beneficial to develop strategies for controlling foodborne pathogens in the production and storage of maize sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, 120-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6R 1Z4, Canada
| | - Catherine W.Y. Wong
- Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, 120-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6R 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Siyun Wang
- Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, 120-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6R 1Z4, Canada
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Ismael NM, Azzam M, Abdelmoteleb M, El-Shibiny A. Phage vB_Ec_ZCEC14 to treat antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections. Virol J 2024; 21:44. [PMID: 38365702 PMCID: PMC10873995 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a commensal bacterial species in the human gastrointestinal tract; however, it could be pathogenic and cause severe infections in intra and extra-intestinal sites. Uropathogenic E. coli accounts for 80-90% of urinary tract infections that can result in urosepsis and septic shock. Consequently, multidrug-resistant uropathogenic E. coli poses a considerable risk to the healthcare system worldwide. Phage therapy is demonstrated as an optimistic solution to over-the-counter antibiotics that contribute to the global issue of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aims to isolate a novel phage that could be implemented to cure urinary tract infections mediated by multidrug-resistant E. coli. Twenty-seven E. coli isolates were collected from patients with urinary tract infections to assess the antibacterial efficacy of phage vB_Ec_ZCEC14. Phage kinetics were encountered against the E. coli strain (EC/4), in addition to evaluating phage stability under various temperatures, pH values, and UV exposure periods. Full genome sequencing and morphological analysis were conducted for further phage characterization, which revealed that phage vB_Ec_ZCEC14 belongs to the family Straboviridae. Phage vB_Ec_ZCEC14 showed thermal tolerance at 80 ℃, pH stability between pH 3 and pH 12, and endurance to UV exposure for 45 min. The phage-host interaction results revealed that phage vB_Ec_ZCEC14 has strong and steady antibacterial action at lower concentrations (MOI 0.1). The study findings strongly indicate that phage vB_Ec_ZCEC14 holds significant promise as a potential therapeutic alternative for treatment of antibiotic-resistant uropathogenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedaa M Ismael
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Azzam
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelmoteleb
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12578, Giza, Egypt.
- Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, 45511, Arish, Egypt.
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36
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Xiong W, Liu B, Lu H, Liu X. Two novel bacteriophages isolated from the environment that can help control activated sludge foaming. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024:10.1007/s12223-024-01145-4. [PMID: 38363443 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Nocardia spp., which belongs to one of the Nocardio-form filamentous bacteria, is usually surface hydrophobic and when overproduced attaches to the surface of bubbles under the action of surfactants, allowing the stable presence of foam on the surface of aeration tanks, leading to the occurrence of sludge-foaming events. Two novel phages, P69 and KYD2, were isolated from the environment, and their hosts were Nocardia transvalensis and Nocardia carnea, respectively. These two phages are Siphophages-like with long tails. An aeration tank pilot plant was constructed in the laboratory to simulate sludge foaming, and these two strains of phage were applied. Compared with the reactor not dosed with phage, the application of phage could reduce the host level in the reactor, resulting in the highest decrease in turbidity by more than 68% and sludge volume index by more than 25%. The time for surface foam disappearance was 9 h earlier than that of the control group (the group with the same concentration of Nocardia carnea but no bacteriophage applied), significantly improving water quality. The phage can effectively inhibit the propagation of Nocardia in the actual sludge-foaming event, control the sludge foaming, and improve the effluent quality. It provides a novel and relatively economical solution for controlling sludge foaming in sewage treatment plants in the future, shows that the phages have potential application value in the prevention and control of Nocardia, and provides another way to control the sludge-foaming event caused by the excessive reproduction of Nocardia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Han Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xinchun Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256606, China.
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37
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Wang X, Leptihn S. Defense and anti-defense mechanisms of bacteria and bacteriophages. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:181-196. [PMID: 38453634 PMCID: PMC10918411 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In the post-antibiotic era, the overuse of antimicrobials has led to a massive increase in antimicrobial resistance, leaving medical doctors few or no treatment options to fight infections caused by superbugs. The use of bacteriophages is a promising alternative to treat infections, supplementing or possibly even replacing antibiotics. Using phages for therapy is possible, since these bacterial viruses can kill bacteria specifically, causing no harm to the normal flora. However, bacteria have developed a multitude of sophisticated and complex ways to resist infection by phages, including abortive infection and the clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) system. Phages also can evolve and acquire new anti-defense strategies to continue predation. An in-depth exploration of both defense and anti-defense mechanisms would contribute to optimizing phage therapy, while we would also gain novel insights into the microbial world. In this paper, we summarize recent research on bacterial phage resistance and phage anti-defense mechanisms, as well as collaborative win-win systems involving both virus and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.
| | - Sebastian Leptihn
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
- HMU Health and Medical University, Am Anger 64/73- 99084 Erfurt, Germany.
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38
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Blanch-Asensio M, Tadimarri VS, Wilk A, Sankaran S. Discovery of a high-performance phage-derived promoter/repressor system for probiotic lactobacillus engineering. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:42. [PMID: 38326819 PMCID: PMC10848424 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Lactobacillaceae family comprises many species of great importance for the food and healthcare industries, with numerous strains identified as beneficial for humans and used as probiotics. Hence, there is a growing interest in engineering these probiotic bacteria as live biotherapeutics for animals and humans. However, the genetic parts needed to regulate gene expression in these bacteria remain limited compared to model bacteria like E. coli or B. subtilis. To address this deficit, in this study, we selected and tested several bacteriophage-derived genetic parts with the potential to regulate transcription in lactobacilli. RESULTS We screened genetic parts from 6 different lactobacilli-infecting phages and identified one promoter/repressor system with unprecedented functionality in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1. The phage-derived promoter was found to achieve expression levels nearly 9-fold higher than the previously reported strongest promoter in this strain and the repressor was able to almost completely repress this expression by reducing it nearly 500-fold. CONCLUSIONS The new parts and insights gained from their engineering will enhance the genetic programmability of lactobacilli for healthcare and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Blanch-Asensio
- Bioprogrammable Materials, INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Varun Sai Tadimarri
- Bioprogrammable Materials, INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alina Wilk
- Bioprogrammable Materials, INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Shrikrishnan Sankaran
- Bioprogrammable Materials, INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Deshotel MB, Dave UM, Farmer B, Kemboi D, Nelson DC. Bacteriophage endolysin treatment for systemic infection of Streptococcus iniae in hybrid striped bass. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 145:109296. [PMID: 38104698 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus iniae, a zoonotic Gram-positive pathogen, poses a threat to finfish aquaculture, causing streptococcosis with an annual economic impact exceeding $150 million globally. As aquaculture trends shift towards recirculating systems, the potential for horizontal transmission of S. iniae among fish intensifies. Current vaccine development provides only short-term protection, driving the widespread use of antibiotics like florfenicol. However, this practice raises environmental concerns and potentially contributes to antibiotic resistance. Thus, alternative strategies are urgently needed. Endolysin therapy, derived from bacteriophages, employs hydrolytic endolysin enzymes that target bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls. This study assesses three synthetic endolysins (PlyGBS 90-1, PlyGBS 90-8, and ClyX-2) alongside the antibiotic carbenicillin in treating S. iniae-infected hybrid striped bass (HSB). Results demonstrate that ClyX-2 exhibits remarkable bacteriolytic potency, with lytic activity detected at concentrations as low as ∼15 μg/mL, approximately 8-fold more potent than the PlyGBS derivatives. In therapeutic effectiveness assessments, both carbenicillin and ClyX-2 treatments achieved significantly higher survival rates (85 % and 95 %, respectively) compared to placebo and PlyGBS-based endolysin treatments. Importantly, no statistical differences were observed between ClyX-2 and carbenicillin treatments. This highlights ClyX-2 as a promising alternative for combating S. iniae infections in aquaculture, offering potent bacteriolytic activity and high survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Deshotel
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA.
| | - Urmil M Dave
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Bradley Farmer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA
| | - Daniel Kemboi
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Daniel C Nelson
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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40
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Samananda Singh L. Nano-emulsion encapsulation for the efficient delivery of bacteriophage therapeutics. Biologicals 2024; 85:101725. [PMID: 37951140 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become the major concern for global public health. Phage therapy is being considered as an alternative for antibiotics to treat the multidrug resistant bacterial infections. Bacteriophage therapeutic developments has faced many challenges, including the drug formulations for sustainable phage delivery. The nano-emulsion platform has been described as the best approach to retain phage efficacy, shelf life and stability. Encapsulated phage drugs ensure stable delivery of phages to the target site and integrate in the system. In this review, our main focus is on the nano-emulsion encapsulation of bacteriophages and its effects towards the phage therapeutic development.
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Byun KH, Ha Han S, Woo Choi M, Kim BH, Ha SD. Control of Listeria monocytogenes in food industry by a combination treatment of natural aromatic compound with Listeria-specific bacteriophage cocktail. Food Res Int 2024; 177:113859. [PMID: 38225132 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Most Listeria monocytogenes found in the food industry are listeriosis-causing pathogens and possess the ability to form biofilms on food and food contact materials (FCMs). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the combination treatment of natural aromatic compounds (thymol, eugenol, carvacrol, and citral) with a Listeria-specific phage cocktail in mitigating the threat posed by L. monocytogenes in the food industry. In vitro combination treatment of 1 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of natural aromatic compound with phage cocktail at multiplicity of infection (MOI) 100 reduced more than 4 log CFU/mL of L. monocytogenes planktonic cells and inhibited biofilm formation. In addition, the expression of virulence-related genes (flaA, motB, hlyA, prfA, and actA) and the stress response (sigB) gene were significantly downregulated. The combination of natural aromatic compound with phage cocktail reduced the biofilm cell population on contaminated celery by more than 2 log CFU/g and by more than 2 log CFU/cm2 on already-formed biofilm on FCMs, but it was less effective on chicken meat, with an approximate reduction of only 1 log CFU/g. The antibiofilm activity toward preformed L. monocytogenes biofilms was also observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). COMSTAT analysis of the structural change of biofilms revealed that major biofilm structure parameters (biovolume, thickness, diffusion distance, and microcolonies at substratum) were reduced after treatment. Our findings suggest that the combination of natural aromatic compounds with a phage cocktail has enormous potential as an antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent for controlling L. monocytogenes in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kye-Hwan Byun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 17546, South Korea; Technology Innovation Research Division, Hygienic Safety and Materials Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, South Korea
| | - Sang Ha Han
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 17546, South Korea
| | - Min Woo Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 17546, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Hu Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 17546, South Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 17546, South Korea.
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Jokar J, Abdulabbas HT, Javanmardi K, Mobasher MA, Jafari S, Ghasemian A, Rahimian N, Zarenezhad A, ُSoltani Hekmat A. Enhancement of bactericidal effects of bacteriophage and gentamicin combination regimen against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in a mice diabetic wound model. Virus Genes 2024; 60:80-96. [PMID: 38079060 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic patients are more susceptible to developing wound infections resulting in poor and delayed wound healing. Bacteriophages, the viruses that target-specific bacteria, can be used as an alternative to antibiotics to eliminate drug-resistant bacterial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are among the most frequently identified pathogens in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). The aim of this study was assessment of bacteriophage and gentamicin combination effects on bacterial isolates from DFU infections. Specific bacteriophages were collected from sewage and animal feces samples and the phages were enriched using S. aureus and P. aeruginosa cultures. The lytic potential of phage isolates was assessed by the clarity of plaques. We isolated and characterized four lytic phages: Stp2, Psp1, Stp1, and Psp2. The phage cocktail was optimized and investigated in vitro. We also assessed the effects of topical bacteriophage cocktail gel on animal models of DFU. Results revealed that the phage cocktail significantly reduced the mortality rate in diabetic infected mice. We determined that treatment with bacteriophage cocktail effectively decreased bacterial colony counts and improved wound healing in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa infections, especially when administrated concomitantly with gentamicin. The application of complementary therapy using a phage cocktail and gentamicin, could offer an attractive approach for the treatment of wound diabetic bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Jokar
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hussein T Abdulabbas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical College, Al Muthanna University, Samawah, Al Muthann, Iraq
| | - Kazem Javanmardi
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mobasher
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Shima Jafari
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Niloofar Rahimian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Zarenezhad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Narayanan KB, Bhaskar R, Choi SM, Han SS. Development of carrageenan-immobilized lytic coliphage vB_Eco2571-YU1 hydrogel for topical delivery of bacteriophages in wound dressing applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129349. [PMID: 38219934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are employed as cost-effective and efficient antibacterial agents to counter the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and other host bacteria in phage therapy. The increasing incidence of skin wounds is a significant concern in clinical practice, especially considering the limitations of antibiotic therapy. Furthermore, the lack of an effective delivery system that preserves the stability of bacteriophages hampers their clinical implementation. In recent years, there has been a growing amount of research on bacteriophage applications in veterinary and biomedical sciences. In our study, lytic coliphage vB_Eco2571-YU1 was isolated against pathogenic Escherichia coli host bacteria, and hydrogel wound dressing materials were fabricated with marine polysaccharide carrageenan (carr-vB_Eco2571-YU1) for their antibacterial activity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) morphology identified it as a Myoviridae coliphage with an icosahedral head length and width of approximately 60 and 56.8 nm, respectively, and a tail length of 119.7 nm. The one-step growth curve of coliphage revealed a latent period of 10 min, a rise period of 15 min, and a burst size of 120 virions per cell. The bacteriolytic activity of unimmobilized coliphages was observed within 2 h; however, strain-specific phage resistance was acquired after 9 h. In contrast, carr-vB_Eco2571-YU1 showed a sharp decline in the growth of bacteria in the log phase after 2 h and did not allow for the acquisition of phage resistance by the E. coli strain. The stability of coliphage under different pH, temperature, osmolarity, detergents, and organic solvents was evaluated. We also studied the long-term storage of carr-vB_Eco2571-YU1 hydrogels at 4 °C and found that the titer value decreased during a time-dependent period of 28 days. These hydrogels were also found to be hemocompatible using a hemolysis assay. The addition of plasticizer (0.6 % (w/v)) to the carrageenan (2 % (w/v)) to prepare carr-vB_Eco2571-YU1 hydrogels showed a decrease in compressive strength with enhanced elasticity. This phage therapy using polymeric immobilization of bacteriophages is a promising next-generation wound dressing biomaterial alternative to conventional wound and skin care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Badri Narayanan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea.
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Soon Mo Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea.
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Oliveira A, Dias C, Oliveira R, Almeida C, Fuciños P, Sillankorva S, Oliveira H. Paving the way forward: Escherichia coli bacteriophages in a One Health approach. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:87-104. [PMID: 36608263 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2161869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most notorious pathogens for its ability to adapt, colonize, and proliferate in different habitats through a multitude of acquired virulence factors. Its presence affects the food-processing industry and causes food poisoning, being also a major economic burden for the food, agriculture, and health sectors. Bacteriophages are emerging as an appealing strategy to mitigate bacterial pathogens, including specific E. coli pathovars, without exerting a deleterious effect on humans and animals. This review globally analyzes the applied research on E. coli phages for veterinary, food, and human use. It starts by describing the pathogenic E. coli pathotypes and their relevance in human and animal context. The idea that phages can be used as a One Health approach to control and interrupt the transmission routes of pathogenic E. coli is sustained through an exhaustive revision of the recent literature. The emerging phage formulations, genetic engineering and encapsulation technologies are also discussed as a means of improving phage-based control strategies, with a particular focus on E. coli pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Oliveira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carla Dias
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Oliveira
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pablo Fuciños
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Yesil M, Kasler DR, Huang E, Yousef AE. Thermal Inactivation of Escherichia Phage OSYSP and Host Strain Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL933: A Comparative Kinetic Analysis. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100215. [PMID: 38182094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Lytic bacteriophages are promising biocontrol agents against pathogenic bacteria for food and therapeutic applications. Investigating the feasibility of combining phage and physical lethal agents, such as heat, as an effective hurdle combination could lead to beneficial applications. The current research was initiated to compare the thermal inactivation kinetics of a lytic phage (Escherichia phage OSYSP) and its host (Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL933), considering they have different critical thermal targets in their structures. To provide a basis for comparison, thermal inactivation kinetics were determined on suspensions of these agents in buffered peptone water using a thermally controlled circulating water bath. Results showed that the bacteriophage virions have a remarkable heat resistance (p < 0.05) compared to their host cells. The D-values of the populations of phage (PFU/mL) and EDL933 strain (CFU/mL) were 166.7 and 7.3 min at 55°C, compared to 44.4 and 0.3 min at 60°C, respectively. Additionally, D-values were significantly (p < 0.05) more influenced by temperature changes in the case of E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 (z-value 3.7°C) compared to that for phage OSYSP (z-value 7.7°C). When the phage suspension was heat-treated in a thermal cycler instead of a water bath, no significant differences between the two treatment procedures (p > 0.05) in estimating virus D- and z-values were observed. Based on these findings, it may be feasible to combine phage OSYSP with mild heat during processing of food to selectively inactivate E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 and subsequently maintain product safety during storage by the surviving phage population; however, the feasibility of this application needs to be investigated. Additionally, the relatively heat-resistant phage OSYSP could qualify as a biological indicator to validate thermal treatments of minimally processed foods in which E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 is the pathogen-of-concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yesil
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David R Kasler
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - En Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ahmed E Yousef
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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46
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Singh D, Pal S, Subramanian S, Manickam N. Characterization and complete genome analysis of Klebsiella phage Kp109 with lytic activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Virus Genes 2024:10.1007/s11262-024-02053-y. [PMID: 38279974 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumonia is a serious pathogen involved in a range of infections. The increasing frequency of infection associated with K. pneumoniae and accelerated development of antimicrobial resistance has limited the available options of antibiotics for the treatment of infection. Bacteriophages are an attractive substitute to alleviate the problem of antibiotic resistance. In this study, isolation, microbiological and genomic characterization of bacteriophage Kp109 having the ability to infect K. pneumoniae has been shown. Phage Kp109 showed good killing efficiency and tolerance to a broad range of temperatures (4-60 °C) and pH (3-9). Transmission electron microscopy and genomic analysis indicated that phage Kp109 belongs to the genus Webervirus and family Drexlerviridae. Genomic analysis showed that the Kp109 has a 51,630 bp long double-stranded DNA genome with a GC content of 51.64%. The absence of known lysogenic, virulence, and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in its genome makes phage Kp109 safer to be used as a biocontrol agent for different purposes including phage therapy. The computational analysis of the putative endolysin gene revealed a binding energy of - 6.23 kcal/mol between LysKp109 and ligand NAM-NAG showing its potential to be used as an enzybiotic. However, future research is required for experimental validation of the in silico work to further corroborate the results obtained in the present study. Overall, phenotypic, genomic, and computational characterization performed in the present study showed that phages Kp109 and LysKp109 are promising candidates for future in vivo studies and could potentially be used for controlling K. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Singh
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Shilpee Pal
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Srikrishna Subramanian
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Natesan Manickam
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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Samir S. Molecular Machinery of the Triad Holin, Endolysin, and Spanin: Key Players Orchestrating Bacteriophage-Induced Cell Lysis and their Therapeutic Applications. Protein Pept Lett 2024; 31:PPL-EPUB-137602. [PMID: 38258777 DOI: 10.2174/0109298665181166231212051621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Phage therapy has attracted attention as a possible alternative treatment for multi-drug resistance (MDR) infections in recent years. The lytic bacteriophages encode proteins for bacterial host envelope rupture. Phages produce endolysins muralytic enzymes, they are phage-encoded peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) that cause enzymatically breakdown of the host bacterium's peptidoglycan (PG) or murein layer at the end of their lytic multiplication cycle. Phage holins regulate endolysin access to the PG, starting the lysis process at a specific moment 'lysis clock'. Phage spanins disrupt the outer membrane. Holin/Endolysin/Spanin can be utilized as novel antimicrobial agents against infections caused by bacteria. These proteins are generating interest across a variety of industries, including those in the pharmaceutical, food, biotechnological, and medical disciplines. In this review, we highlight the importance of these proteins, and their application in animal studies. Moreover, some clinical trials are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Samir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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48
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Liu S, Li H, Zhu Z, Wu M, Jin M, Wang X, Hou J, Li D, Wang R. A bacteriophage against Citrobacter braakii and its synergistic effect with antibiotics. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:74. [PMID: 38253939 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A bacteriophage BD49 specific for Citrobacter braakii was screened out and purified by double-layer plate method. It consists of a polyhedral head of 93.1 ± 1.2 nm long and 72.9 ± 4.2 nm wide, tail fibers, collar, sheath and baseplate. The bacteriophage was identified by morphology observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM), whole genome sequencing carried out by Illumina next generation sequencing (NGS) technique, and gene annotation based on Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) database. It was identified primarily as a member of Caudovirales by morphology and further determined as Caudovirales, Myoviridae, and Citrobacter bacteriophage by alignment of its whole genome sequence with the NCBI database and establishment of phylogenetic tree. The bacteriophage showed good environmental suitability with optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01, proliferation time of 80 min, optimum living temperature of 30-40 °C, and living pH of 5-10. In addition, it exhibited synergistic effect with ciprofloxacin against C. braakii in antibacterial tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang University Town, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Hanyi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang University Town, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zhihao Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang University Town, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Mengjiao Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang University Town, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Mingxuan Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang University Town, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiangxiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang University Town, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jincai Hou
- Hebei Shineway Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yingbin Street, Langfang, 065201, Hebei, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Hebei Shineway Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yingbin Street, Langfang, 065201, Hebei, China.
| | - Rufeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang University Town, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
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49
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Oh M, Cevallos-Urena A, Kim BS. Bacteriophages PECP14, PECP20, and their endolysins as effective biocontrol agents for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other foodborne pathogens. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 409:110460. [PMID: 37925886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a notorious foodborne pathogen known to cause severe illnesses such as hemolytic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome, with fresh produce consumption being implicated in recent outbreaks. The inappropriate use of antimicrobials to combat pathogens has led to the emergence and rapid dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms including pathogenic E. coli, presenting a significant risk to humans. Here, we isolated two E. coli O157:H7 infecting bacteriophages, PECP14 and PECP20, from irrigation water and city sewage, respectively, as alternatives to antimicrobials. Both phages were stable for at least 16 h in a broad range of pH (pH 3-11) and temperature (4-40 °C) conditions and have a double-stranded DNA chromosome. PECP14 and PECP20, classified under the Epseptimavirus and Mosigvirus genera, respectively, exhibit specificity in targeting different host receptors, BtuB protein and lipopolysaccharide. Interestingly, these phages demonstrate the ability to infect not only E. coli O157:H7 but also other foodborne enteric pathogens like Shigella sonnei and S. flexneri. Upon mixing phages with their respective host bacteria, rapid adsorption (at least 68 % adsorption within 10 min) and substantial bacterial lysis were observed. The efficacy of phage treatment was further validated through the reduction of E. coli O157:H7 on radish sprouts. Moreover, purified endolysins, LysPECP14 and LysPECP20, derived from each phage exhibited remarkable bacteriolytic activity against E. coli O157:H7 cells pretreated with EDTA. In particular, the activity of LysPECP20 was also noticeable against Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus, suggesting its potential for broader antimicrobial applications in food industry. The combined results showed that the phages PECP14, PECP20, and their endolysins could be used for biological control of E. coli O157:H7 in various circumstances, from production, harvesting, and storage stages to processing and distribution steps of agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjin Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, ELTEC College of Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ana Cevallos-Urena
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, ELTEC College of Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Sik Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, ELTEC College of Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Ichikawa M, Okada H, Nakamoto N, Taniki N, Chu PS, Kanai T. The gut-liver axis in hepatobiliary diseases. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:2. [PMID: 38191517 PMCID: PMC10773109 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the analysis of intestinal bacteria have led to reports of variations in intestinal bacterial levels among hepatobiliary diseases. The mechanisms behind the changes in intestinal bacteria in various hepatobiliary diseases include the abnormal composition of intestinal bacteria, weakening of the intestinal barrier, and bacterial translocation outside the intestinal tract, along with their metabolites, but many aspects remain unresolved. Further research employing clinical studies and animal models is expected to clarify the direct relationship between intestinal bacteria and hepatobiliary diseases and to validate the utility of intestinal bacteria as a diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target. This review summarizes the involvement of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary diseases via the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Ichikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Haruka Okada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan.
| | - Nobuhito Taniki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Po-Sung Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan.
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