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Tomita S, Inaoka T, Endo A, Okada S. Raw material-dependent changes in bacterial and compositional profiles are involved in insufficient pH decrease in natural lactic fermentation of Brassica rapa leaves. Food Chem 2024; 437:137934. [PMID: 37956596 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Sunki is an unsalted lactic fermented pickle made from red turnip leaves in the Kiso district, Japan. Accidental insufficient decrease in pH during sunki fermentation seriously reduces the product quality. To obtain insights into how the insufficient decrease occurs, we comprehensively analyzed differences in the microbiological and chemical properties of sunki made from three different turnip harvests and found a significant difference in their final pH. Microbiota and metabolome analyses revealed that the insufficient pH decrease showed strong relationships with the chemical composition (low lactic acid and high ammonia levels) and bacterial community structure (low Lactobacillus and high Limosilactobacillus). In vitro sunki fermentation experiments demonstrated that accumulated ammonia was associated with a decrease in glutamine and an increase in glutamic acid. Limosilactobacillus reuteri, a species of lactic acid bacteria possessing heterolactic metabolism, was suggested to be mainly responsible for insufficient decrease in pH related to accumulated ammonia during sunki fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Tomita
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
| | - Takashi Inaoka
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Sanae Okada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 54 Nakaorui, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0033, Japan; Kiso Town Resource Institute, 2326-6 Fukushima, Kisomachi, Kiso, Nagano 397-8588, Japan
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Matsui R, Endo K, Saiki T, Haga H, Shen W, Wang X, Yamazaki S, Katayama S, Nagata K, Kitamura H, Tanaka S. Characterization and anti-tumor activities of polysaccharide isolated from Brassica rapa L. via activation of macrophages through TLR2-and TLR4-Dependent pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 752:109879. [PMID: 38160699 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We have previously shown the immunostimulatory effects by Nozawana (Brassica rapa L.). In this report, we determined the characteristics of Nozawana polysaccharide (NPS) and evaluated the immunomodulatory effects and anti-tumor activity of NPS mediated by macrophage activation. The molecular weight of NPS was determined by gel filtration chromatography with an average molecular weight of approximately 100.6 kDa. HPLC analysis showed that NPS contained glucose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose. NPS increased cytokine and nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages in a Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4-dependent manner. Furthermore, NPS induced apoptosis significantly against 4T1 murine breast cancer cells cultured in conditioned medium from NPS-treated macrophages through tumor necrosis factor-α. In tumor-bearing mouse model, tumor growth was significantly reduced in NPS-treated mice compared with control mice. These results support the potential use of NPS as an immunotherapeutic material found in health food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Matsui
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Katsunori Endo
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology Agriculture, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Takeru Saiki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Hazuki Haga
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Weidong Shen
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 090-0815, Japan
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 090-0815, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamazaki
- Food Technology Department, Nagano Prefecture General Industrial Technology Center, 205-1 Kurita, Nagano, Nagano, 380-0921, Japan
| | - Shigeru Katayama
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology Agriculture, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Kitamura
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 090-0815, Japan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan
| | - Sachi Tanaka
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology Agriculture, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
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Kim TJ, Hwang YJ, Park YJ, Lee JS, Kim JK, Lee MH. Metabolomics Reveals Lysinibacillus capsici TT41-Induced Metabolic Shifts Enhancing Drought Stress Tolerance in Kimchi Cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis). Metabolites 2024; 14:87. [PMID: 38392979 PMCID: PMC10890545 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change has increased variable weather patterns that affect plants. To address these issues, we developed a microbial biocontrol agent against drought stress in kimchi cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis). We selected three bacterial strains (Leifsonia sp. CS9, Bacillus toyonensis TSJ7, and Lysinibacillus capsici TT41) because they showed a survival rate of up to 50% and good growth rate when treated with 30% PEG 6000. The three strains were treated with kimchi cabbage to confirm their enhanced drought stress resistance under non-watering conditions. Among the three strains, the TT41 treated group showed a significant increase in various plant parameters compared with the negative control on the 7th day. We performed extensive profiling of primary and secondary metabolites from kimchi cabbage and the TT41 strain. Multivariate and pathway analyses revealed that only the TT41 group clustered with the well-watered group and showed almost the same metabolome on the 7th day. When treated with TT41, lactic acid was identified as an indicator metabolite that significantly improved drought stress tolerance. Furthermore, lactic acid treatment effectively induced drought stress tolerance in kimchi cabbage, similar to that achieved with the TT41 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Kim
- Bio-Resource Industrialization Center, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Hwang
- Bio-Resource Industrialization Center, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sung Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hwa Lee
- Bio-Resource Industrialization Center, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
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Wang C, Zhu H, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Qian H. Aqueous Extract of Brassica rapa L.'s Impact on Modulating Exercise-Induced Fatigue via Gut-Muscle Axis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4737. [PMID: 38004133 PMCID: PMC10674577 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced fatigue is a common physiological response to prolonged physical activity, often associated with changes in gut microbiota and metabolic responses. This study investigates the potential role of Brassica rapa L. in modulating these responses. Using an animal model subjected to chronic exercise-induced stress, we explored the effects of Brassica rapa L. on fatigue-related biomarkers, energy metabolism genes, inflammatory responses, intestinal integrity, and gut microbiota composition. Our findings revealed that Brassica rapa L. exhibits significant antioxidant activity and effectively modulates physiological responses to fatigue. It influences gene expression related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in muscle tissue through the AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathway. Furthermore, Brassica rapa L. has been found to alleviate inflammation by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infection and suppressing the activation of the NF-κB pathway. It also maintains intestinal integrity and controls Gram-negative bacterial growth. A correlation analysis identified several pathogenic bacteria linked with inflammation and energy metabolism, as well as beneficial probiotic bacteria associated with improved energy metabolism and reduced inflammation. These findings underscore Brassica rapa L.'s potential for managing prolonged exercise-induced fatigue, paving the way for future therapeutic applications. The results highlight its impact on gut microbiota modulation and its role in nutrition science and sports medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongkang Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Niu Z, Liu L, Yue J, Wu J, Wang W, Pu Y, Ma L, Fang Y, Sun W. Genome-Wide Identification of GSTs Gene Family and Functional Analysis of BraGSTF2 of Winter Rapeseed ( Brassica rapa L.) under Cold Stress. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1689. [PMID: 37761829 PMCID: PMC10531308 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The largest gene families in plants were found to be Glutathione transferases (GSTs), which played significant roles in regulating plant growth, development, and stress response. Within the GSTs gene family, members were found to play a crucial role in the low-temperature response process of plants. A comprehensive study identified a total of 70 BraGSTs genes. Cluster analysis results demonstrated that the BraGSTs in Brassica rapa (B. rapa) could be categorized into eight sub-families and were unevenly distributed across ten chromosomes. The 39 BraGSTs genes were found to be organized into 15 tandem gene clusters, with the promoters containing multiple cis-elements associated with low-temperature response. Cold stress was observed to stimulate the expression of 15 genes, with the BraGSTF2 gene exhibiting the highest level of expression, suggesting its significant involvement in winter B. rapa's response to low-temperature stress. Subcellular localization analysis of the BraGSTF2 protein indicated its potential expression in both the cell membrane and nucleus. The analysis of stress resistance in BraGSTF2 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines demonstrated that the over-expression of this gene resulted in significantly elevated levels of SOD, POD activity, and SP content compared to the wild type following exposure to low temperatures. These levels reached their peak after 24 h of treatment. Conversely, the MDA content was lower in the transgenic plants compared to the wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.). Additionally, the survival rate of BraGSTF2 transgenic Arabidopsis was higher than that of the WT Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting that the BraGSTF2 gene may play a crucial role in enhancing the cold stress tolerance of winter B. rapa. This study lays a foundation for further research on the role of the BraGSTs gene in the molecular regulation of cold resistance in winter B. rapa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoxia Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.N.); (J.W.); (Y.P.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.N.); (J.W.); (Y.P.)
| | - Jinli Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.N.); (J.W.); (Y.P.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.N.); (J.W.); (Y.P.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wangtian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.N.); (J.W.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yuanyuan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.N.); (J.W.); (Y.P.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.N.); (J.W.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.N.); (J.W.); (Y.P.)
| | - Wancang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.N.); (J.W.); (Y.P.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Wang S, Wang J, Zeng X, Wang T, Yu Z, Wei Y, Cai M, Zhuoma D, Chu XY, Chen YZ, Zhao Y. Database of space life investigations and information on spaceflight plant biology. Planta 2023; 258:58. [PMID: 37528331 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Extensive spaceflight life investigations (SLIs) have revealed observable space effects on plants, particularly their growth, nutrition yield, and secondary metabolite production. Knowledge of these effects not only facilitates space agricultural and biopharmaceutical technology development but also provides unique perspectives to ground-based investigations. SLIs are specialized experimental protocols and notable biological phenomena. These require specialized databases, leading to the development of the NASA Science Data Archive, Erasmus Experiment Archive, and NASA GeneLab. The increasing interests of SLIs across diverse fields demand resources with comprehensive content, convenient search facilities, and friendly information presentation. A new database SpaceLID (Space Life Investigation Database http://bidd.group/spacelid/ ) was developed with detailed menu search tools and categorized contents about the phenomena, protocols, and outcomes of 459 SLIs (including 106 plant investigations) of 92 species, where 236 SLIs and 57 plant investigations are uncovered by the existing databases. The usefulness of SpaceLID as an SLI information source is illustrated by the literature-reported analysis of metabolite, nutrition, and symbiosis variations of spaceflight plants. In conclusion, this study extensively investigated the impact of the space environment on plant biology, utilizing SpaceLID as an information source and examining various plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa L., and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. The findings provide valuable insights into the effects of space conditions on plant physiology and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Junyong Wang
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xian Zeng
- Department of Biological Medicines and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zijie Yu
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yiqi Wei
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Mengna Cai
- Institute of Civil Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | | | - Xin-Yi Chu
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Yu Zong Chen
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
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Wang J, Xiao S, Cai Q, Miao J, Li J. Antioxidant Capacity and Protective Effects on H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Damage in PC12 Cells of the Active Fraction of Brassica rapa L. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102075. [PMID: 37238893 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassica rapa L. (BR), a traditional biennial herb belonging to the Brassica species of Brassicaceae, has been widely used for functions of anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidation, antiaging, and regulation of immunity. In this study, antioxidant activity and protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells of the active fractions of BR were investigated in vitro. Among all active fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract from BR (BREE-Ea) showed the strongest antioxidant activity. Additionally, it was noted that BREE-Ea and n-butyl alcohol fraction of ethanol extract from BR (BREE-Ba) both have protective effects in oxidatively damaged PC12 cells, while BREE-Ea displayed the best protective effect in all determined experimental doses. Furthermore, flow cytometry (DCFH-DA staining) analysis indicated that BREE-Ea could reduce the H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by reducing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Moreover, BREE-Ea could decrease the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduce the release of extracellular lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) from H2O2-induced PC12 cells. All these results demonstrate that BREE-Ea has a good antioxidant capacity and protective effect on PC12 cells against apoptosis induced by H2O2 and that it can be used as a good edible antioxidant to improve the body's endogenous antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Shuang Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Qi Cai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Jing Miao
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China
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Wei X, Liao R, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Xie Z, Yang S, Su H, Wang Z, Zhang L, Tian B, Wei F, Yuan Y. Integrative Transcriptome, miRNAs, Degradome, and Phytohormone Analysis of Brassica rapa L. in Response to Plasmodiophora brassicae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36768734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clubroot is an infectious root disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica crops, which can cause immeasurable losses. We analyzed integrative transcriptome, small RNAs, degradome, and phytohormone comprehensively to explore the infection mechanism of P. brassicae. In this study, root samples of Brassica rapa resistant line material BrT24 (R-line) and susceptible line material Y510-9 (S-line) were collected at four different time points for cytological, transcriptome, miRNA, and degradome analyses. We found the critical period of disease resistance and infection were at 0-3 DAI (days after inoculation) and 9-20 DAI, respectively. Based on our finding, we further analyzed the data of 9 DAI vs. 20 DAI of S-line and predicted the key genes ARF8, NAC1, NAC4, TCP10, SPL14, REV, and AtHB, which were related to clubroot disease development and regulating disease resistance mechanisms. These genes are mainly related to auxin, cytokinin, jasmonic acid, and ethylene cycles. We proposed a regulatory model of plant hormones under the mRNA-miRNA regulation in the critical period of P. brassicae infection by using the present data of the integrative transcriptome, small RNAs, degradome, and phytohormone with our previously published results. Our integrative analysis provided new insights into the regulation relationship of miRNAs and plant hormones during the process of disease infection with P. brassicae.
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Ma C, Pei ZQ, Bai X, Feng JY, Zhang L, Fan JR, Wang J, Zhang TG, Zheng S. Involvement of NO and Ca 2+ in the enhancement of cold tolerance induced by melatonin in winter turnip rape ( Brassica rapa L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 190:262-276. [PMID: 36152511 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a multifunctional phytohormone, melatonin (Mel) plays pivotal roles in plant responses to multiple stresses. However, its mechanism of action remains elusive. In the present study, we evaluated the role of NO and Ca2+ signaling in Mel enhanced cold tolerance in winter turnip rape. The results showed that the NO content and concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) increased by 35.42% and 30.87%, respectively, in the leaves of rape seedlings exposed to cold stress. Compared with those of the seedlings in cold stress alone, the NO content and concentration of [Ca2+]cyt in rape seedlings pretreated with Mel increased further. In addition, the Mel-mediated improvement of cold tolerance was inhibited by L-NAME (a NO synthase inhibitor), tungstate (a nitrate reductase inhibitor), LaCl3 (a Ca2+ channel blocker), and EGTA (a Ca2+ chelator), and this finding was mainly reflected in the increase in ROS content and the decrease in osmoregulatory capacity, photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activities, and expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes. These findings suggest that NO and Ca2+ are necessary for Mel to improve cold tolerance and function synergistically downstream of Mel. Notably, the co-treatment of Mel with L-NAME, tungstate, LaCl3, or EGTA also inhibited the Mel-induced expression of MAPK3/6 under cold stress. In conclusion, NO and Ca2+ are involved in the enhancement of cold tolerance induced by Mel through activating the MAPK cascades in rape seedlings, and a crosstalk may exist between NO and Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zi-Qi Pei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ju-Yan Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jie-Ru Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Teng-Guo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Sheng Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Liu L, Pu Y, Niu Z, Wu J, Fang Y, Xu J, Xu F, Yue J, Ma L, Li X, Sun W. Transcriptomic Insights Into Root Development and Overwintering Transcriptional Memory of Brassica rapa L. Grown in the Field. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:900708. [PMID: 35937315 PMCID: PMC9355659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.900708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the only overwintering oil crop in the north area of China, living through winter is the primary feature of winter rapeseed. Roots are the only survival organ during prolonged cold exposure during winter to guarantee flowering in spring. However, little is known about its root development and overwintering memory mechanism. In this study, root collar tissues (including the shoot apical meristem) of three winter rapeseed varieties with different cold resistance, i.e., Longyou-7 (strong cold tolerance), Tianyou-4 (middle cold tolerance), and Lenox (cold-sensitive), were sampled in the pre-winter period (S1), overwintering periods (S2-S5), and re-greening stage (S6), and were used to identify the root development and overwintering memory mechanisms and seek candidate overwintering memory genes by measuring root collar diameter and RNA sequencing. The results showed that the S1-S2 stages were the significant developmental stages of the roots as root collar diameter increased slowly in the S3-S5 stages, and the roots developed fast in the strong cold resistance variety than in the weak cold resistance variety. Subsequently, the RNA-seq analysis revealed that a total of 37,905, 45,102, and 39,276 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), compared to the S1 stage, were identified in Longyou-7, Tianyou-4, and Lenox, respectively. The function enrichment analysis showed that most of the DEGs are significantly involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and spliceosome, ribosome, proteasome, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways. Furthermore, the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were related to the difference in root development of the three varieties, DEGs involved in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism processes may participate in overwintering memory of Longyou-7 and Tianyou-4, and the spliceosome pathway may contribute to the super winter resistance of Longyou-7. The transcription factor enrichment analysis showed that the WRKY family made up the majority in different stages and may play an important regulatory role in root development and overwintering memory. These results provide a comprehensive insight into winter rapeseed's complex overwintering memory mechanisms. The identified candidate overwintering memory genes may also serve as important genetic resources for breeding to further improve the cold resistance of winter rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zaoxia Niu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junyan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Shanghai OE Biotech Co., Ltd.,Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Xu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinli Yue
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuecai Li
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wancang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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11
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Melo TM, Schauerte M, Bluhm A, Slaný M, Paller M, Bolan N, Bosch J, Fritzsche A, Rinklebe J. Ecotoxicological effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and of a new PFAS adsorbing organoclay to immobilize PFAS in soils on earthworms and plants. J Hazard Mater 2022; 433:128771. [PMID: 35366444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel adsorptive organoclay (Intraplex A®) was developed for the in situ immobilization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the vadose zone. We provide the first evaluation of the effects of Intraplex A® on earthworms and plants in a PFAS-contaminated soil. Ecotoxicological tests were carried out on control soil with and without Intraplex A® (C + I and C, respectively) and PFAS-contaminated soil with and without Intraplex A® (PFAS + I and PFAS, respectively). We investigated the acute ecotoxicological effects of PFAS and Intraplex A® on the growth, reproduction and survival of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and on plant growth (oat - Avena sativa and turnip - Brassica rapa L. silvestris). Earthworm lethality was 7.6 lower in PFAS + I than in PFAS soil. Earthworms avoided 100% C + I and PFAS + I soils, and reduced earthworms' reproduction was observed in both these soils. For both plant species, the PFAS + I soil yielded less fresh and dry shoot biomass than the PFAS soil, while root growth remained unaffected (all tests: p < 0.05). Soils with Intraplex A® had some negative effects on plants and earthworms, which must be balanced with its benefits as an in situ PFAS adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Medeiros Melo
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, Wuppertal 42285, Germany.
| | - Marina Schauerte
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, Wuppertal 42285, Germany.
| | - Annika Bluhm
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, Wuppertal 42285, Germany.
| | - Michal Slaný
- Institue of Inorgnanic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 36, Slovakia; Institute of Construction and Architecture, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 03, Slovakia.
| | - Michael Paller
- Aquatic Biology Consultants, Inc., 35 Bungalow Ct., Aiken, SC 29803, USA.
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, M079, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Julian Bosch
- Intrapore GmbH, Katernberger Str. 107, Essen 45327, Germany.
| | | | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, Wuppertal 42285, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Wu W, Yang H, Xing P, Dong Y, Shen J, Wu G, Zheng S, Da L, He J, Wu Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Freezing Tolerance Signaling Events in Winter Rapeseed ( Brassica rapa L.). Front Genet 2022; 13:871825. [PMID: 35559032 PMCID: PMC9086196 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.871825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) is an important oilseed crop in northwest China. Freezing stress severely limits its production and geographical distribution, and frequent extreme freezing events caused by climate change are increasing the chances of winter freeze-injury. However, the underlying mechanism of B. rapa response to freezing stress remains elusive. Here, B. rapa genome (v3.0) was used as a reference for the comparative transcriptomic analysis of Longyou 6 and Tianyou 2 (strong and weak cold tolerance, respectively) under different freezing stress. Before and after freezing stress, 5,982 and 11,630 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two cultivars were identified, respectively. After freezing stress, the GO terms in Tianyou 2 were mainly involved in "macromolecule biosynthetic process", and those in Longyou 6 were involved in "response to stimulus" and "oxidoreductase activity". Morphological and physiological results indicated that Longyou 6 retained a higher basal freezing resistance than Tinayou 2, and that cold acclimation could strengthen the basal freezing resistance. Freezing stress could activate the MAPK signal cascades, and the phosphorylation level of Longyou 6 showed a higher increase in response to freezing treatment than Tianyou 2. Based on our findings, it was speculated that the cell membrane of B. rapa perceives external signals under freezing stress, which are then transmitted to the nucleus through the cold-activated MAPK cascades and Ca2+-related protein kinase pathway, thus leading to activation of downstream target genes to enhance the freezing resistance of B. rapa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangze Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haobo Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yun Dong
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guofan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingling Da
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangtao He
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yujun Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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13
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Kim S, Kim JA, Kang H, Kim DH. A premature stop codon in BrFLC2 transcript results in early flowering in oilseed-type Brassica rapa plants. Plant Mol Biol 2022; 108:241-255. [PMID: 35064421 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD)-mediated degradation of BrFLC2 transcripts is the main cause of rapid flowering of oilseed-type B. rapa 'LP08' plants. Many Brassica species require vernalization (long-term winter-like cooling) for transition to the reproductive stage. In the past several decades, scientific efforts have been made to discern the molecular mechanisms underlying vernalization in many species. Thus, to identify the key regulators required for vernalization in Brassica rapa L., we constructed a linkage map composed of 7833 single nucleotide polymorphism markers using the late-flowering Chinese cabbage (B. rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) inbred line 'Chiifu' and the early-flowering yellow sarson (B. rapa L. ssp. trilocularis) line 'LP08' and identified a single major QTL on the upper-arm of the chromosome A02. In addition, we compared the transcriptomes of the lines 'Chiifu' and 'LP08' at five vernalization time points, including both non-vernalized and post-vernalization conditions. We observed that BrFLC2 was significantly downregulated in the early flowering 'LP08' and had two deletion sites (one at 4th exon and the other at 3' downstream region) around the BrFLC2 genomic region compared with the BrFLC2 genomic region in 'Chiifu'. Large deletion at 3' downstream region did not significantly affect transcription of both sense BrFLC2 transcript and antisense transcript, BrFLC2as along vernalization time course. However, the other deletion at 4th exon of BrFLC2 resulted in the generation of premature stop codon in BrFLC2 transcript in LP08 line. Cycloheximide treatment of LP08 line showed the de-repressed level of BrFLC2 in LP08, suggesting that low transcript level of BrFLC2 in LP08 might be caused by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay removing the nonsense transcript of BrFLC2. Collectively, this study provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying floral transition in B. rapa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Jin A Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hajeong Kang
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea.
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14
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Zhang J, Ge W, Chang H, Xin X, Ji R. Discovery of BrATG6 and its potential role in Brassica rapa L. resistance to infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae. Gene 2021; 791:145711. [PMID: 33984445 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae infection, occurs in cruciferous vegetable crops in many areas of the world, sometimes leading to yield loss. In this study, a differentially expressed protein (0305), was found between control and clubroot-diseased Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) roots through two-dimensional electrophoresis. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that Bra003466 was highly matched to protein 0305. Because the sequence of Bra003466 had 89% percent identity with ATG6 of Arabidopsis thaliana and other Brassica, the gene was named as BrATG6. However, 790 bp sequences were mismatched with the cDNA sequence of the Bra003466 gene from the Brassica database. In this study, we cloned the cDNA of Bra003466 and found the BrATG6 was highly expressed in roots among all organs. When plants were inoculated with P. brassicae Woronin, the expression of BrATG6 was significantly increased in infected roots of Chinese cabbage. This result was verified by reverse transcription-qPCR and in situ hybridization. Examination of disease resistance showed that, compared with wild type plants, A. thaliana ATG6 deletion mutants were more easily infected by P. brassicae than WT. This shows that BrATG6 may play a potential role in the resistance of B. rapa to P. brassicae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province Cruciferous Vegetables Genetic Breeding Primary Laboratory, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Wenjie Ge
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province Cruciferous Vegetables Genetic Breeding Primary Laboratory, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province Cruciferous Vegetables Genetic Breeding Primary Laboratory, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Xifeng Xin
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province Cruciferous Vegetables Genetic Breeding Primary Laboratory, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Ruiqin Ji
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province Cruciferous Vegetables Genetic Breeding Primary Laboratory, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
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15
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Iqbal Z, Abbas F, Ibrahim M, Qureshi TI, Gul M, Mahmood A. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in Brassica plants and their impact on animal health in Punjab, Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:22768-22778. [PMID: 33423201 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Growing Brassica rapa L. (Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (Linn.) Clapham) with wastewater and their use as a fodder for animals is a common practice in suburb of all cities in Punjab, Pakistan, despite the wastewater containing heavy metals is of public health concern. This study assessed the risk of heavy metals on animal health via consumption of B. rapa as fodder grown with wastewater, tube-well and canal water, and its source apportionment, in suburb of Multan City, Pakistan. Samples of B. rapa (n = 30) were collected from six agricultural farms and analyzed for cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Total target health quotient (TTHQ) values ranged 47.22 to 136.64 in wastewater irrigation farm, 2.32 to 3.71 in canal water, and 4.86 to 7.50 in tube-well water irrigation farms, respectively exhibiting high carcinogenic health risk to animals across the farms. B. rapa grown with industrial effluents exhibited the highest carcinogenic health risk, while the canal water posed the lowest risk. Multivariate statistical analyses indicated that the wastewater samples containing heavy metals and contaminated soils were common sources of B. rapa contamination. Proper treatment of wastewater for removal of toxic elements before application in agricultural fields may safeguard the health of animals, public, and the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal
- Environmental Protection Agency Punjab, Ferozepur road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Farhat Abbas
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Imran Qureshi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, NFC- Institute of Engineering & Technology, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Matin Gul
- Department of Educational Planning, Policy Studies and Leadership (EPPSL), Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
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16
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Hua H, Zhang W, Li J, Li J, Liu C, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Pi F, Xie Y, Yao W, Gao Y, Qian H. Neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by dietary phytochemical extracts from Tibetan turnip ( Brassica rapa L.). J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 265:113410. [PMID: 32980487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Tibetan turnip (Brassica rapa L.) has a wide array of medicine properties including heat-clearing, detoxifying and anti-hypoxia as listed in the famous centuries-old Tibetan medicine classic "The Four Medical Tantras". Evidence-based medicine also indicated the anti-hypoxic effect of turnips, suggesting a potential link to neuroprotective effect on ischemic stroke. This thereby enables turnips to serve as a novel nontoxic agent in related treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect and elucidate the mechanism of aqueous extract of turnip (AET) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental models of cerebral ischemia included transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO) in C57BL/6J mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in HT-22 cells. Long-term effect of AET on infarct volume was evaluated by microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunofluorescence 28 days after MCAO, and on neurofunctional outcomes determined by rotarod, grid walking, and cylinder tests in the meantime. Efficacy of AET was determined by the cell viability, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons. The underlying mechanism of AET rescued OGD/R cells were characterized by PI3K, Akt and mTOR expressions, which were further used to validate AET's role in the pathway. RESULTS AET can reduce cerebral infarct volume and ameliorate behavioral deficits of MCAO/R mice dose-dependently. In vitro experiment further demonstrated that suitable concentrations of AET inhibited ROS, LDH production and restored mitochondrial expression induced by OGD/R. AET pretreatment can reverse the OGD/R-induced decreased level of phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, whereas this effect was blocked in the LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) treatment group. CONCLUSIONS AET improved the survival of OGD/R-injured HT-22 cells by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Based on the results above, aqueous extract of turnip has a protective effect on focal cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Hua
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fuwei Pi
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - He Qian
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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17
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Wei X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Xie Z, Hossain MR, Yang S, Shi G, Lv Y, Wang Z, Tian B, Su H, Wei F, Zhang X, Yuan Y. Root Transcriptome and Metabolome Profiling Reveal Key Phytohormone-Related Genes and Pathways Involved Clubroot Resistance in Brassica rapa L. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:759623. [PMID: 34975941 PMCID: PMC8715091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.759623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodiophora brassicae, an obligate biotrophic pathogen-causing clubroot disease, can seriously affect Brassica crops worldwide, especially Chinese cabbage. Understanding the transcriptome and metabolome profiling changes during the infection of P. brassicae will provide key insights in understanding the defense mechanism in Brassica crops. In this study, we estimated the phytohormones using targeted metabolome assays and transcriptomic changes using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in the roots of resistant (BrT24) and susceptible (Y510-9) plants at 0, 3, 9, and 20 days after inoculation (DAI) with P. brassicae. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in resistant vs. susceptible lines across different time points were identified. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis of the DEGs revealed six pathways including "Plant-pathogen interaction" and "Plant hormone signal transduction" and 15 hub genes including pathogenic type III effector avirulence factor gene (RIN4) and auxin-responsive protein (IAA16) to be involved in plants immune response. Inhibition of Indoleacetic acid, cytokinin, jasmonate acid, and salicylic acid contents and changes in related gene expression in R-line may play important roles in regulation of clubroot resistance (CR). Based on the combined metabolome profiling and hormone-related transcriptomic responses, we propose a general model of hormone-mediated defense mechanism. This study definitely enhances our current understanding and paves the way for improving CR in Brassica rapa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wei
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvement, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvement, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengqing Xie
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvement, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Rashed Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Shuangjuan Yang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gongyao Shi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvement, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Lv
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvement, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvement, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Henan Su
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvement, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Wei,
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Xiaowei Zhang,
| | - Yuxiang Yuan
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Yuxiang Yuan,
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18
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Wang X, Hu K, Xu Q, Lu L, Liao S, Wang G. Immobilization of Cd Using Mixed Enterobacter and Comamonas Bacterial Reagents in Pot Experiments with Brassica rapa L. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:15731-15741. [PMID: 33236634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Enterobacter sp. A11 and Comamonas sp. A23 were isolated and identified. Coculturing these two strains with Cd(II) led to the production of biofilm, H2S, and succinic acid (SA), and Cd(II) was adsorbed by cells and formed CdS precipitates. After centrifugation, 97% Cd(II) was removed from the coculture. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses of the cocultured bacteria revealed that H2S and SA production pathways, metal transportation, and TCA cycle were active under Cd(II) stress. In vitro addition of SA enhanced the production of H2S and biofilm formation and Cd(II) adsorption. Two-season greenhouse pot experiments with Brassica rapa L. were performed with and without the coculture bacteria. Compared with the control, the average Cd amounts of the two-season pot experiments of the aboveground plants were decreased by 71.3%, 62.8%, and 38.6%, and the nonbioavailable and immobilized Cd in the soils were increased by 211.8%, 213.4%, and 116.7%, for low-, medium-, and high- Cd-spiked soils, respectively. The two strains survived well in soil during plant growth using plate counting, quantitative real-time PCR, and metagenomics analysis. Our results indicate that the combination of Enterobacter and Comamonas strains with the production of H2S and biofilm are important effectors for the highly efficient immobilization of Cd.
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Amosova AV, Samatadze TE, Mozgova GV, Kipen VN, Dubovskaya AG, Artemyeva AM, Yurkevich OY, Zoshchuk SA, Lemesh VA, Muravenko OV. [Genomic Markers Associated with Cold-Hardiness in Brassica rapa L.]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2020; 54:603-615. [PMID: 32799223 DOI: 10.31857/s0026898420040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Brassica rapa L. is a valuable and widespread species, but its cultivation in risk farming areas requires high-quality cold-hardy varieties to be developed. Mechanisms of the cold stress response in plants involve expression of numerous genes, including ribosomal ones, and are related to plant chromosome variability. FISH- and PCR-based methods were used to study intraspecific chromosome variability in the number and localization of 45S and 5S rDNA clusters and also to examine a set of molecular markers associated with cold-hardiness in winter B. rapa cultivars from high-risk farming areas. Several SSR (Na10-CO3 and BrgMS5339-1) and SCAR (BoCCA1-F/BoCCA1-1R1 and BoCCA1-F/BoCCA1-2R1) markers were identified as suitable for diagnosing cold-resistant and cold-susceptible genotypes in B. rapa. Compared with fodder cultivars, oilseed and leaf cultivars were shown to have more molecular markers associated with cold-hardiness and a higher level of polymorphism for the chromosomal distribution of 45S and 5S rDNAs, including chromosome heteromorphism. Thus, the least cold-resistant genotypes were found to display the lowest level of chromosome variability in the distribution of the 45S and 5S rDNA clusters and vice versa. The findings could be useful for the development of new cold-tolerant B. rapa varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Amosova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - T E Samatadze
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - G V Mozgova
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220072 Belarus
| | - V N Kipen
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220072 Belarus
| | - A G Dubovskaya
- Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia
| | - A M Artemyeva
- Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia
| | - O Yu Yurkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - S A Zoshchuk
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - V A Lemesh
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220072 Belarus
| | - O V Muravenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.,
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Sun Y, Zheng S, Wang J, Zhang T. Hydrogen peroxide is involved in strigolactone induced low temperature stress tolerance in rape seedlings ( Brassica rapa L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 157:402-415. [PMID: 33197729 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactone (SL) is a plant hormone that can improve plant stress resistance by regulating physiological processes and gene expression. GR24 is a synthetic strigolactone, which can also be used as a plant growth regulator. In this paper, the effects of exogenous GR24 on the growth and development of rape (Brassica rapa L.) under low temperature (4 °C) were studied. The results showed that low temperature (4 °C) inhibited the growth of rape seedlings, and exogenous GR24 significantly alleviated the effect of low temperature stress on rape seedlings. Compared with 4 °C treatment, GR24 + 4 °C treatment can increase the cell viability, soluble protein and proline content, enhance antioxidant enzyme activity, inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), improve photosynthesis, and reduce the relative conductivity of rape seedlings. Further research shows that H2O2 plays a central role in improving the cold resistance of rape seedlings by GR24. qRT-PCR results indicated that GR24 significantly increased the expression of genes. Mainly includes antioxidant enzyme genes, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase genes, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes and cold-regulated genes. These results indicate that GR24 improves the cold tolerance of plants by regulating the expression of related genes. RNA-seq analysis revealed that there were 152 differentially expressed genes (DGEs) in T (4 °C)_vs_ST (GR24 + 4 °C), including 100 up-regulated genes and 52 down-regulated genes. These DEGs play an important role in carbon metabolism pathway, oxidative phosphorylation pathway, antioxidant activity and photosynthesis pathways. We selected 11 differentially expressed genes for qRT-PCR verification, and the verification results were consistent with RNA-seq results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yuanpei Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Tengguo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Rhee JH, Choi S, Lee JE, Hur OS, Ro NY, Hwang AJ, Ko HC, Chung YJ, Noh JJ, Assefa AD. Glucosinolate Content in Brassica Genetic Resources and Their Distribution Pattern within and between Inner, Middle, and Outer Leaves. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9111421. [PMID: 33114129 PMCID: PMC7690824 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are sulfur-containing secondary metabolites naturally occurring in Brassica species. The purpose of this study was to identify the GSLs, determine their content, and study their accumulation patterns within and between leaves of kimchi cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) cultivars. GSLs were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS in negative electron-spray ionization (ESI−) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The total GSL content determined in this study ranged from 621.15 to 42434.21 μmolkg−1 DW. Aliphatic GSLs predominated, representing from 4.44% to 96.20% of the total GSL content among the entire samples. Glucobrassicanapin (GBN) contributed the greatest proportion while other GSLs such as glucoerucin (ERU) and glucotropaeolin (TRO) were found in relatively low concentrations. Principal component analysis (PCA) yielded three principal components (PCs) with eigenvalues ≥ 1, altogether representing 74.83% of the total variation across the entire dataset. Three kimchi cabbage (S/No. 20, 4, and 2), one leaf mustard (S/No. 26), and one turnip (S/No. 8) genetic resources were well distinguished from other samples. The GSL content varied significantly among the different positions (outer, middle, and inner) of the leaves and sections (top, middle, bottom, green/red, and white) within the leaves. In most of the samples, higher GSL content was observed in the proximal half and white sections and the middle layers of the leaves. GSLs are regarded as allelochemicals; hence, the data related to the patterns of GSLs within the leaf and between leaves at a different position could be useful to understand the defense mechanism of Brassica plants. The observed variability could be useful for breeders to develop Brassica cultivars with high GSL content or specific profiles of GSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Rhee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.R.); (S.C.); (J.-E.L.); (O.-S.H.); (N.-Y.R.); (A.-J.H.)
| | - Susanna Choi
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.R.); (S.C.); (J.-E.L.); (O.-S.H.); (N.-Y.R.); (A.-J.H.)
| | - Jae-Eun Lee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.R.); (S.C.); (J.-E.L.); (O.-S.H.); (N.-Y.R.); (A.-J.H.)
| | - On-Sook Hur
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.R.); (S.C.); (J.-E.L.); (O.-S.H.); (N.-Y.R.); (A.-J.H.)
| | - Na-Young Ro
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.R.); (S.C.); (J.-E.L.); (O.-S.H.); (N.-Y.R.); (A.-J.H.)
| | - Ae-Jin Hwang
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.R.); (S.C.); (J.-E.L.); (O.-S.H.); (N.-Y.R.); (A.-J.H.)
| | - Ho-Cheol Ko
- Client Service Division, Planning and Coordination Bureau, RDA, Jeonju 54875, Korea;
| | - Yun-Jo Chung
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca signaling Network, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54896, Korea;
| | - Jae-Jong Noh
- Jeonbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Iksan 54591, Korea;
| | - Awraris Derbie Assefa
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.R.); (S.C.); (J.-E.L.); (O.-S.H.); (N.-Y.R.); (A.-J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-4902
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Chihoub W, Dias MI, Barros L, Calhelha RC, Alves MJ, Harzallah-Skhiri F, Ferreira ICFR. Valorisation of the green waste parts from turnip, radish and wild cardoon: Nutritional value, phenolic profile and bioactivity evaluation. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108651. [PMID: 31732057 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The recovery of bio-wastes to obtain high added value compounds is of great interest for the pharmaceutical, medicinal and food industries. Therefore, the aerial parts of turnip (Brassica rapa L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and leaf blade of wild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori) were characterized regarding their nutritional composition, as also their content in soluble sugars, organic acids, fatty acids, and tocopherols. Furthermore, their hydroethanolic extracts and infusion preparations, were profiled regarding individual phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS and their antioxidant, antibacterial and hepatotoxic activities were evaluated. Regarding the nutritional content, wild cardoon revealed the best results, however it was radish and turnip that showed higher values for organic acids and phenolic compounds. The hydroethanolic extract and infusion preparation of wild cardoon stood out for its antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Overall, the hydroethanolic extracts seemed more effective (regarding antioxidant and antibacterial activity) than the infusions. Total phenolic acids proved to be strongly correlated with the antioxidant and antibacterial (against Morganella morganii) activities. This study showed that the discarded parts of these plants can be used as an important natural source of valuable nutrient content and new and safe bioactive compounds, beneficial for human health. Moreover, the extraction of those compounds from underused parts of turnip, radish and cardoon could be used to preserve foods, avoiding artificial additives and thus, contributing to the development of new natural ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Chihoub
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Valorization (LR14-ES06), High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria José Alves
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Fethia Harzallah-Skhiri
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Valorization (LR14-ES06), High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Sandagdorj B, Hamajima C, Kawahara T, Watanabe J, Tanaka S. Characterization of Microbiota that Influence Immunomodulatory Effects of Fermented Brassica rapa L. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:206-214. [PMID: 31167991 PMCID: PMC6594740 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me19003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exert beneficial health effects by regulating immune responses. Brassica rapa L., known as Nozawana, is commonly consumed as a lactic acid-fermented food called nozawana-zuke. Few studies have investigated changes in the bacterial community and cytokine production activities during the fermentation of B. rapa L. In order to obtain more detail information, we herein conducted a study on fresh B. rapa L. fermented for 28 d. An amplicon analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that Lactobacillales predominated during fermentation, and the microbiota became less diverse on day 7 or later. Fermented B. rapa L. promoted the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 by mouse spleen cells more than non-fermented vegetables. Lactobacillus curvatus was the predominant species during fermentation, followed by L. plantarum and L. brevis. L. sakei was occasionally detected. A correlation analysis showed that IFN-γ concentrations positively correlated with the numbers of L. curvatus and L. plantarum, while those of IL-10 correlated with the numbers of L. sakei in addition to these 2 species. Significantly higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 were induced by fermented B. rapa L. when isolated Lactobacillus strains were added as starter cultures. These results suggest that the Lactobacillus species present in fermented B. rapa L. are beneficial for manufacturing vegetables with immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayanjargal Sandagdorj
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8642Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of TsukubaTsukuba, 305–8577Japan
| | - Chisato Hamajima
- Academic Assembly (Institute of Agriculture), Shinshu UniversityMinamiminowa, Nagano 399–4598Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawahara
- Academic Assembly (Institute of Agriculture), Shinshu UniversityMinamiminowa, Nagano 399–4598Japan
- Supramolecular Complexes Unit, Research Center for Fungal and Microbial Dynamism, Shinshu UniversityMinamiminowa, Nagano 399–4598Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8642Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of TsukubaTsukuba, 305–8577Japan
| | - Sachi Tanaka
- Academic Assembly (Institute of Agriculture), Shinshu UniversityMinamiminowa, Nagano 399–4598Japan
- Supramolecular Complexes Unit, Research Center for Fungal and Microbial Dynamism, Shinshu UniversityMinamiminowa, Nagano 399–4598Japan
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Ma L, Coulter JA, Liu L, Zhao Y, Chang Y, Pu Y, Zeng X, Xu Y, Wu J, Fang Y, Bai J, Sun W. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Cold-Stress-Responsive Genes in Winter Rapeseed ( Brassica rapa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1071. [PMID: 30832221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Low ambient air temperature limits the growth and selection of crops in cold regions, and cold tolerance is a survival strategy for overwintering plants in cold winters. Studies of differences in transcriptional levels of winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) under cold stress can improve our understanding of transcript-mediated cold stress responses. In this study, two winter rapeseed varieties, Longyou-7 (cold-tolerant) and Lenox (cold-sensitive), were used to reveal morphological, physiological, and transcriptome levels after 24 h of cold stress, and 24 h at room temperature, to identify the mechanism of tolerance to cold stress. Compared to Lenox, Longyou-7 has a shorter growth period and greater belowground mass, and exhibits stronger physiological activity after cold stress. Subsequently, more complete genomic annotation was obtained by sequencing. A total of 10,251 and 10,972 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in Longyou-7 and Lenox, respectively. Six terms closely related to cold stress were found by the Gene Ontology (GO) function annotation. Some of these terms had greater upregulated expression in Longyou-7, and the expression of these genes was verified by qRT-PCR. Most of these DEGs are involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, ribosome biogenesis, MAPK signaling pathway, basal transcription factors, and photosynthesis. Analysis of the genes involved in the peroxisome pathway revealed that Longyou-7 and Lenox may have different metabolic patterns. Some transcription factors may play an important role in winter rapeseed tolerance to cold stress, and Longyou-7 is slightly slower than Lenox. Our results provide a transcriptome database and candidate genes for further study of winter rapeseed cold stress.
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Aipire A, Chen Q, Cai S, Li J, Fu C, Ying T, Lu J, Li J. N-Butanol Subfraction of Brassica Rapa L. Promotes Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Induces Apoptosis of A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells via Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071687. [PMID: 29997319 PMCID: PMC6100205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica rapa L., an edible and medical vegetable, has been traditionally used in Uyghur folk medicine to treat coughs and asthma in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. In this study, we prepared an n-butanol subfraction of B. rapa L. (BRBS) and investigated the anti-tumor effect on A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. The proliferation of A549 cells was significantly inhibited by BRBS treatment in a dose- and time-dependent manner. BRBS significantly induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c, which promoted caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase processing. Moreover, BRBS significantly suppressed the migration of A549 cells in vitro. These results suggest that BRBS inhibited A549 cell proliferation through increased ROS production and the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. Consequently, BRBS might be a potential candidate for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila Aipire
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Changshuang Fu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Science, and School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
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Chen ZE, Wufuer R, Ji JH, Li JF, Cheng YF, Dong CX, Taoerdahong H. Structural Characterization and Immunostimulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. . J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:9685-9692. [PMID: 28994289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two neutral polysaccharides (BRNP-1, 6.9 kDa; BRNP-2, 4.8 kDa) were purified from the common edible plant Brassica rapa L. via the combined techniques of ion-exchange chromatography and high-performance gel permeation chromatography. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that BRNP-1 and BRNP-2 were composed of glucosyl residues. Methylation and 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses revealed that both BRNP-1 and BRNP-2 contained a backbone chain that was composed of α-D-(1 → 4)-linked Glcp residues and side chains that were composed of terminally linked Glcp residues attached at the O-6 position of backbone-glycosyl residues. BRNP-1 and BRNP-2, however, differed in branch degree and molecular weight. Bioassay results showed that treatment with the higher dosage (400 μg/mL) of BRNP-1 and BRNP-2 stimulated the proliferation, NO release, and cytokine secretion (IL-6 and TNF-α) of RAW264.7 macrophages. These results suggested that BRNP-1 and BRNP-2 may enhance macrophage-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Er Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Reziyamu Wufuer
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jin-Hu Ji
- Medical Engineering Technology Institute, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jin-Fang Li
- The Experimental Teach Center, College of HouBo, Xinjiang Medical University , Karamay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu-Feng Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Cai-Xia Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hailiqian Taoerdahong
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
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Wang W, Wang X, Ye H, Hu B, Zhou L, Jabbar S, Zeng X, Shen W. Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 82:979-88. [PMID: 26499088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. The crude BRP was purified by chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100, affording three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 with average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa, respectively. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that BRP-1-1 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose, BRP-2-1 was composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose, and BRP-2-2 was composed of rhamnose and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 1.27: 54.92. Furthermore, the crude BRP exhibited relatively higher antioxidant activity in vitro than purified fractions; hence, it could be used as a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hong Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Saqib Jabbar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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