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Chatterjee A, Roy T, Jyothi D, Mishra VK, Singh UP, Swarnakar S. Melatonin Inhibits AGS Cell Proliferation by Binding to the ATP Binding Site of CDK2 Under Hyperglycemic Conditions. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01241-9. [PMID: 38453745 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells utilize glucose as their primary energy source. The aggressive nature of cancer cells is therefore enhanced in hyperglycemic conditions. This study has been adopted to investigate the therapeutic potential of melatonin against such aggressive proliferation of AGS cells-a human gastric cancer cell line, under hyperglycemic conditions. AGS cells were incubated with high glucose-containing media, and the effects of melatonin have been evaluated, therein. Cell proliferation, ROS generation, flow-cytometric analysis for cell cycle and apoptosis, wound healing, immunoblotting, zymography, reverse zymography assays, in-silico analysis, and kinase activity assays were performed to evaluate the effects of melatonin. We observed that melatonin inhibited the hyperglycemia-induced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. It further altered the expression and activity of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. Moreover, melatonin inhibited AGS cell proliferation by arresting AGS cells in the G0/G1 phase after binding in the ATP binding site of CDK-2, thereby inhibiting its kinase activity. In association, a significant decrease in the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK-4, and CDK-2 were observed. In conclusion, these findings suggest that melatonin has anti-gastric cancer potential. Melatonin could therefore be included in future drug designs for gastric cancer-hyperglycemia co-morbidity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chatterjee
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapasi Roy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Deeti Jyothi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Mishra
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Umesh Prasad Singh
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Snehasikta Swarnakar
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Nafie MS, Al-Majid AM, Ali M, Alayyaf AA, Haukka M, Ashraf S, Ul-Haq Z, El-Faham A, Barakat A. Exploring pyrrolidinyl-spirooxindole natural products as promising platforms for the synthesis of novel spirooxindoles as EGFR/CDK2 inhibitors for halting breast cancer cells. Front Chem 2024; 12:1364378. [PMID: 38487783 PMCID: PMC10937419 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1364378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a global challenge, and the pursuit of developing new cancer treatments that are potent, safe, less prone to drug resistance, and associated with fewer side effects poses a significant challenge in cancer research and drug discovery. Drawing inspiration from pyrrolidinyl-spirooxindole natural products, a novel series of spirooxindoles has been synthesized through a one-pot three-component reaction, involving a [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. The cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and safety profile against WISH cells of the newly developed library were assessed using the MTT assay. Compounds 5l and 5o exhibited notable cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 3.4 and 4.12 μM, respectively) and MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 8.45 and 4.32 μM, respectively) compared to Erlotinib. Conversely, compounds 5a-f displayed promising cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values range (IC50 = 5.87-18.5 μM) with selective activity against MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Compound 5g demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity (IC50 = 2.8 μM) among the tested compounds. Additionally, compounds 5g, 5l, and 5n were found to be safe (non-cytotoxic) against WISH cells with higher IC50 values ranging from 39.33 to 47.2 μM. Compounds 5g, 5l, and 5n underwent testing for their inhibitory effects against EGFR and CDK-2. Remarkably, they demonstrated potent EGFR inhibition, with IC50 values of 0.026, 0.067, and 0.04 μM and inhibition percentages of 92.6%, 89.8%, and 91.2%, respectively, when compared to Erlotinib (IC50 = 0.03 μM, 95.4%). Furthermore, these compounds exhibited potent CDK-2 inhibition, with IC50 values of 0.301, 0.345, and 0.557 μM and inhibition percentages of 91.9%, 89.4%, and 88.7%, respectively, in contrast to Roscovitine (IC50 = 0.556 μM, 92.1%). RT-PCR analysis was performed on both untreated and 5g-treated MCF-7 cells to confirm apoptotic cell death. Treatment with 5g increased the gene expression of pro-apoptotic genes P53, Bax, caspases 3, 8, and 9 with notable fold changes while decreasing the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations (100 ns simulation using AMBER22) were conducted to investigate the binding mode of the most potent candidates, namely, 5g, 5l, and 5n, within the active sites of EGFR and CDK-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sajda Ashraf
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Jiang Y, Wang Y, Zhao L, Yang W, Pan L, Bai Y, Wang Y, Li Y. P129, a pyrazole ring-containing isolongifolanone-derivate: synthesis and investigation of anti-glioma action mechanism. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:6. [PMID: 38184514 PMCID: PMC10771574 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK-2) is an important regulatory factor in the G1/S phase transition. CDK-2 targeting has been shown to suppress the viability of multiple cancers. However, the exploration and application of a CDK-2 inhibitor in the treatment of glioblastoma are sparse. METHODS We synthesized P129 based on isolongifolanone, a natural product with anti-tumor activity. Network pharmacology analysis was conducted to predict the structural stability, affinity, and pharmacological and toxicological properties of P129. Binding analysis and CETSA verified the ability of P129 to target CDK-2. The effect of P129 on the biological behavior of glioma cells was analyzed by the cell counting kit-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, and other experiments. Western blotting was used to detect the expression changes of proteins involved in the cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis and CETSA showed that P129 exhibited good intestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier penetrability together with high stability and affinity with CDK-2, with no developmental toxicity. The viability, proliferation, and migration of human glioma cells were significantly inhibited by P129 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry and western blotting analyses showed G0/G1 arrest and lower CDK-2 expression in cells treated with P129 than in the controls. The apoptotic ratio of glioma cells increased significantly with increasing concentrations of P129 combined with karyopyknosis and karyorrhexis. Apoptosis occurred via the mitochondrial pathway. CONCLUSION The pyrazole ring-containing isolongifolanone derivate P129 exhibited promising anti-glioma activity by targeting CDK-2 and promoting apoptosis, indicating its potential importance as a new chemotherapeutic option for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Liyan Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Wenzhuo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lin Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunqian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Al-Jassas RM, Islam MS, Al-Majid AM, Nafie MS, Haukka M, Rahman AFMM, Alayyaf AMA, Barakat A. Synthesis and SARs study of novel spiro-oxindoles as potent antiproliferative agents with CDK-2 inhibitory activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023:e2300185. [PMID: 37253118 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of 16 novel spirooxindole analogs 8a-p were designed and constructed via cost-effective single-step multicomponent [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylide (AY) generated in situ from substituted isatin (6a-d) with suitable amino acids (7a-c) and ethylene-engrafted pyrazole derivatives (5a,b). The potency of all compounds was assayed against a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and a human liver cell line (HepG2). Spiro compound 8c was the most active member among the synthesized candidates, with exceptional cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines, with IC50 values of 0.189 ± 0.01 and 1.04 ± 0.21 µM, respectively. The candidate 8c exhibited more potent activity (10.10- and 2.27-fold) than the standard drug roscovitine (IC50 = 1.91 ± 0.17 µM (MCF-7) and 2.36 ± 0.21 µM (HepG2)). Compound 8c was investigated for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition; it exhibited promising IC50 values of 96.6 nM compared with 67.3 nM for erlotinib. The IC50 value of 8c (34.98 nM) exhibited cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK-2) inhibition, being more active than roscovitine the (IC50 = 140 nM) in targeting the CDK-2 kinase enzyme. Additionally, for apoptosis induction of compound 8c in MCF-7, it upregulated the expression levels of proapoptotic genes for P53, Bax, caspases-3, 8, and 9 at up to 6.18, 4.8, 9.8, 4.6, 11.3 fold-change, respectively, and downregualted the level of the antiapoptotic gene for Bcl-2 by 0.14-fold. Finally, a molecular docking study of the most active compound 8c highlighted a good binding affinity with Lys89 as the key amino acid for CDK-2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry program), Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A F M Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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El-Sayed WA, Alminderej FM, Mounier MM, Nossier ES, Saleh SM, F Kassem A. New 1,2,3-Triazole-Coumarin-Glycoside Hybrids and Their 1,2,4-Triazolyl Thioglycoside Analogs Targeting Mitochondria Apoptotic Pathway: Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and Docking Simulation. Molecules 2022; 27:5688. [PMID: 36080455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity and resistance to newly synthesized anticancer drugs represent a challenging phenomenon of intensified concern arising from variation in drug targets and consequently the prevalence of the latter concern requires further research. The current research reports the design, synthesis, and anticancer activity of new 1,2,3-triazole-coumarin-glycosyl hybrids and their 1,2,4-triazole thioglycosides as well as acyclic analogs. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized products was studied against a panel of human cancer cell lines. Compounds 8, 10, 16 and 21 resulted in higher activities against different human cancer cells. The impact of the hybrid derivative 10 upon different apoptotic protein markers, including cytochrome c, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-7 along with its effect on the cell cycle was investigated. It revealed a mitochondria-apoptotic effect on MCF-7 cells and had the ability to upregulate pro-apoptotic Bax protein and downregulate anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and thus implies the apoptotic fate of the cells. Furthermore, the inhibitory activities against EGFR, VEGFR-2 and CDK-2/cyclin A2 kinases for 8, 10 and 21 were studied to detect the mechanism of their high potency. The coumarin-triazole-glycosyl hybrids 8 and 10 illustrated excellent broad inhibitory activity (IC50= 0.22 ± 0.01, 0.93 ± 0.42 and 0.24 ± 0.20 μM, respectively, for compound 8), (IC50 = 0.12 ± 0.50, 0.79 ± 0.14 and 0.15± 0. 60 μM, respectively, for compound 10), in comparison with the reference drugs, erlotinib, sorafenib and roscovitine (IC50 = 0.18 ± 0.05, 1.58 ± 0.11 and 0.46 ± 0.30 μM, respectively). In addition, the docking study was simulated to afford better rationalization and put insight into the binding affinity between the promising derivatives and their targeted enzymes and that might be used as an optimum lead for further modification in the anticancer field.
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Haversat J, Woglar A, Klatt K, Akerib CC, Roberts V, Chen SY, Arur S, Villeneuve AM, Kim Y. Robust designation of meiotic crossover sites by CDK-2 through phosphorylation of the MutSγ complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117865119. [PMID: 35576467 PMCID: PMC9173770 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117865119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crossover formation is essential for proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Here, we show that Caenorhabditis elegans cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK-2) partners with cyclin-like protein COSA-1 to promote crossover formation by promoting conversion of meiotic double-strand breaks into crossover–specific recombination intermediates. Further, we identify MutSγ component MSH-5 as a CDK-2 phosphorylation target. MSH-5 has a disordered C-terminal tail that contains 13 potential CDK phosphosites and is required to concentrate crossover–promoting proteins at recombination sites. Phosphorylation of the MSH-5 tail appears dispensable in a wild-type background, but when MutSγ activity is partially compromised, crossover formation and retention of COSA-1 at recombination sites are exquisitely sensitive to phosphosite loss. Our data support a model in which robustness of crossover designation reflects a positive feedback mechanism involving CDK-2–mediated phosphorylation and scaffold-like properties of the MSH5 C-terminal tail, features that combine to promote full recruitment and activity of crossover–promoting complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Haversat
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Alexander Woglar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Kayla Klatt
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Chantal C. Akerib
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Victoria Roberts
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Shin-Yu Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Swathi Arur
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Anne M. Villeneuve
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Yumi Kim
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
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El-Sayed WA, Alminderej FM, Mounier MM, Nossier ES, Saleh SM, Kassem AF. Novel 1,2,3-Triazole-Coumarin Hybrid Glycosides and Their Tetrazolyl Analogues: Design, Anticancer Evaluation and Molecular Docking Targeting EGFR, VEGFR-2 and CDK-2. Molecules 2022; 27:2047. [PMID: 35408446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study represents the design and synthesis of a new set of triazole-coumarin-glycosyl hybrids and their tetrazole hybrid analogues possessing various sugar moieties and modified analogues. All the newly synthesized derivatives were screened for their cytotoxic activities against a panel of human cancer cell lines. The coumarin derivatives 10, 13 and 15 derivatives revealed potent cytotoxic activities against Paca-2, Mel-501, PC-3 and A-375 cancer cell lines. These promising analogues were further examined for their inhibitory assessment against EGFR, VEGFR-2 and CDK-2/cyclin A2 kinases. The coumarin-tetrazole 10 displayed broad superior inhibitory activity against all screened enzymes compared with the reference drugs, erlotinib, sorafenib and roscovitine, respectively. The impact of coumarin-tetrazole 10 upon cell cycle and apoptosis induction was determined to detect its mechanism of action. Additionally, it upregulated the levels of casp-3, casp-7 and cytochrome-c proteins and downregulated the PD-1 level. Finally, molecular docking study was simulated to afford better rationalization and gain insight into the binding affinity between the promising derivatives and their targeted enzymes, which could be used as an optimum lead for further modification in the anticancer field.
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Goda MS, Nafie MS, Awad BM, Abdel-Kader MS, Ibrahim AK, Badr JM, Eltamany EE. In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Anti-Lung Cancer Activity of Artemesia judaica L. Crude Extract Combined with LC-MS/MS Metabolic Profiling, Docking Simulation and HPLC-DAD Quantification. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:17. [PMID: 35052522 PMCID: PMC8773337 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia judaica L. (Family: Asteraceae) exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of A. judaica ethanolic extract was screened against a panel of cancer cell lines. The results revealed its cytotoxic activity against a lung cancer (A549) cell line with a promising IC50 of 14.2 μg/mL compared to doxorubicin as a standard. This was confirmed through the downregulation of antiapoptotic genes, the upregulation of proapoptotic genes, and the cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Further in vivo study showed that a solid tumor mass was significantly reduced, with a tumor inhibition ratio of 54% relative to doxorubicin therapy in a Xenograft model. From a chemical point of view, various classes of natural products have been identified by liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The docking study of the detected metabolites approved their cytotoxic activity through their virtual binding affinity towards the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK-2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) active sites. Finally, A. judaica is a fruitful source of polyphenols that are well-known for their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. As such, the previously reported polyphenols with anti-lung cancer activity were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin were detected at concentrations of 6 mg/gm, 0.4 mg/gm, 0.36 mg/gm, and 3.9 mg/gm of plant dry extract, respectively. It is worth noting that kaempferol and rutin are reported for the first time. Herein, A. judaica L. may serve as an adjuvant therapy or a promising source of leading structures in drug discovery for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S. Goda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.G.); (A.K.I.); (J.M.B.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Basma M. Awad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Sinai University, El-Arish 45518, Egypt;
| | - Maged S. Abdel-Kader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21215, Egypt
| | - Amany K. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.G.); (A.K.I.); (J.M.B.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Jihan M. Badr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.G.); (A.K.I.); (J.M.B.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Enas E. Eltamany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.G.); (A.K.I.); (J.M.B.); (E.E.E.)
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9
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Zaki I, Eid SA, Elghareb MS, Abas ASM, Mohammed FZ, Mersal G. In Vitro Antitumor Evaluation of Acrylic Acid Derivatives Bearing Quinolinone Moiety as Novel Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1634-1642. [PMID: 34732122 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211103105255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the emergence of resistance to available anticancer agents, the demand for new cytotoxic agents has grown. OBJECTIVE This study aims at synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of new acrylic acid derivatives bearing quinolinone and halogenated quinolinone derivatives against three cancer cell lines. METHODS New acrylic acid derivatives bearing quinolinone and halogenated quinolinone moieties were synthesized and screened for their cytotoxic activity against breast MCF-7, liver HepG2, and colon HCT-116 cancer cell lines. RESULTS Molecules 3 and 8 showed the most potent cytotoxic activity against HCT-116. DNA flow cytometry assay showed cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and cellular apoptosis. Moreover, molecules 3 and 8 showed cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitory activity compared to the untreated control sample. CONCLUSION Acrylic acid derivatives bearing quinolinone and halogenated quinolinone moieties represent an important core and could be used as a lead for further development of drug compounds in order to achieve promising therapeutic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Zaki
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said. Egypt
| | - Sarah A Eid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port-said University, Port Said. Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Elghareb
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port-said University, Port Said. Egypt
| | - Al-Shimaa M Abas
- Chemistry Department (Biochemistry branch), Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig. Egypt
| | - Fatten Z Mohammed
- Chemistry Department (Biochemistry branch), Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig. Egypt
| | - Gaber Mersal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University University, Taif 26571. Saudi Arabia
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10
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Shawky AM, Ibrahim NA, Abourehab MAS, Abdalla AN, Gouda AM. Pharmacophore-based virtual screening, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking study of novel pyrrolizines bearing urea/thiourea moieties with potential cytotoxicity and CDK inhibitory activities. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:15-33. [PMID: 33103497 PMCID: PMC7594867 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1837124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, virtual screening of a small library of 1302 pyrrolizines bearing urea/thiourea moieties was performed. The top-scoring hits were synthesised and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against three cancer (MCF-7, A2780, and HT29) and one normal (MRC-5) cell lines. The results of the MTT assay revealed potent cytotoxic activities for most of the new compounds (IC50 = 0.16–34.13 μM). The drug-likeness study revealed that all the new compounds conform to Lipinski’s rule. Mechanistic studies of compounds 18 b, 19a, and 20a revealed the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in MCF-7 cells. The three compounds also displayed potent inhibitory activity against CDK-2 (IC50 = 25.53–115.30 nM). Moreover, the docking study revealed a nice fitting of compound 19a into the active sites of CDK-2/6/9. These preliminary results suggested that compound 19a could serve as a promising scaffold in the discovery of new potent anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Gouda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Xu Y, Tian Y, Zhao H, Zheng N, Ren K, Li Q. A novel CDK-2 homolog identified in lamprey, Lampetra japonica, with roles in apoptosis. Fish Physiol Biochem 2019; 45:1829-1843. [PMID: 31325080 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CDK-2, a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, plays an important role in many cell processes, such as cell cycle regulation, cell growth and differentiation, and cell apoptosis. Lampreys belong to the most primitive vertebrates, and there is no report about the CDK-2 gene in lampreys at present. In this study, a CDK-2-like gene sequence and deduced amino acid sequence were identified in Japanese lamprey (Lampetra japonica, L. japonica). The CDK-2-like gene has about 80% similarity with its homologs in jaw vertebrates. The polyclonal antibody against CDK-2-like was well prepared, and the results showed that CDK-2-like was highly expressed in the gonad tissue of lampreys. Apoptosis could reduce the expression of CDK-2-like in lymphocytes of lamprey, while overexpression of CDK-2-like could inhibit apoptosis. In addition, inhibition of CDK-2-like activity was able to trigger out apoptosis and also helped apoptotic inducer actinomycin D (Act-D) to induce apoptosis. These results suggest that CDK-2-like identified from lamprey may play a crucial role in apoptosis of jawless vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Kaixia Ren
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
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12
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Czeleń P. Inhibition mechanism of CDK-2 and GSK-3β by a sulfamoylphenyl derivative of indoline-a molecular dynamics study. J Mol Model 2017; 23:230. [PMID: 28726150 PMCID: PMC5517586 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A good understanding of the inhibition mechanism of enzymes exhibiting high levels of similarity is the first step to the discovery of new drugs with selective potential. Examples of such proteins include glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3β) and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK-2). This article reports the mechanism of such enzyme inhibition as analyzed by an indoline sulfamylophenyl derivative (CHEMBL410072). Previous work has shown that such compounds exhibit selective properties towards their biological targets. This study used a combined procedure involving docking and molecular dynamics simulations, which allowed identification of interactions responsible for stabilization of complexes, and analysis of the dynamic stability of the systems obtained. The initial data obtained during the molecular docking stage show that the ligand molecule exhibits a similar affinity towards both active sites, which was confirmed by quantification of identified interactions and energy values. However, the data do not cover dynamic aspects of the considered systems. Molecular dynamics simulations realized for both complexes indicate significant dissimilarities in dynamics properties of both side chains of the considered ligands, especially in the case of the part containing the sulfamide group. Such increased mobility of the analyzed systems disrupts the stability of binding in the stabilized complex with GSK-3β protein, which finally affects also the binding affinity of the ligand molecule towards this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Czeleń
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Kurpinskiego 5, 85-096, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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13
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Arfeen M, Bhagat S, Patel R, Prasad S, Roy I, Chakraborti AK, Bharatam PV. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-benzylidene-2-iminothiazolidin-4-ones as selective GSK-3β inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:727-736. [PMID: 27423119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, iminothiazolidin-4-one derivatives were explored as selective GSK-3β inhibitors. Molecular docking analysis was carried to design a series of compounds, which were synthesized using substituted thiourea, 2-bromoacetophenones and benzaldehydes. Out of the twenty five compounds synthesized during this work, the in vitro evaluation against GSK-3 led to the identification of nine compounds with activity in lower nano-molar range (2-85 nM). Further, in vitro evaluation against CDK-2 showed five compounds to be selective towards GSK-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhajul Arfeen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Shweta Bhagat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Shivcharan Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Asit K Chakraborti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India.
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14
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Arfeen M, Patel R, Khan T, Bharatam PV. Molecular dynamics simulation studies of GSK-3β ATP competitive inhibitors: understanding the factors contributing to selectivity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015. [PMID: 26209183 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1063457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is a constitutively acting, multifunctional serine threonine kinase, the role of which has been implicated in several physiological pathways and has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of type-II diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. In order to provide a detailed understanding of the origin of selectivity determinants of ATP competitive inhibitors, molecular dynamics simulations in combination with MM-PBSA binding energy calculations were performed using crystal structures of GSK-3β and CDK-2 in complex with 12 ATP competitive inhibitors. Analysis of energy contributions indicate that electrostatic interaction energy dictates the selectivity of ATP competitive inhibitors against CDK-2. Key interactions as well as residues that potentially make a major contribution to the binding free energy were identified at the ATP binding site. This analysis stresses the need for the inhibitors to interact with Lys85, Thr138, and Arg141 in the binding site of GSK-3β to show selectivity. The residue-wise energy decomposition analysis further suggested the additional role of Gln185 in determining the selectivity of maleimides. The results obtained in this study can be utilized to design new selective GSK-3 ATP competitive inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhajul Arfeen
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062 , India
| | - Rahul Patel
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062 , India
| | - Tosif Khan
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062 , India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062 , India
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Abstract
In this work we propose the hypothesis that replacing the current system of representing the chemical entities known as amino
acids using Latin letters with one of several possible alternative symbolic representations will bring significant benefits to the
human construction, modification, and analysis of multiple protein sequence alignments. We propose ways in which this might be
done without prescribing the choice of actual scripts used. Specifically we propose and explore three ways to encode amino acid
texts using novel symbolic alphabets free from precedents. Primary orthographic encoding is the direct substitution of a new
alphabet for the standard, Latin-based amino acid code. Secondary encoding imposes static residue groupings onto the
orthography of the alphabet by manipulating the shape and/or orientation of amino acid symbols. Tertiary encoding renders each
residue as a composite symbol; each such symbol thus representing several alternative amino acid groupings simultaneously. We
also propose that the use of a new group-focussed alphabet will free the colouring of amino acid residues often used as a tool to
facilitate the representation or construction of multiple alignments for other purposes, possibly to indicate dynamic properties of
an alignment such as position-wise residue conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Flower
- Aston Pharmacy School, Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
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Abstract
Atomic level molecular similarity and diversity studies have gained considerable importance through their wide application in Bioinformatics and Chemo-informatics for drug design. The availability of large volumes of data on chemical compounds requires new methodologies for efficient and effective searching of its archives in less time with optimal computational power. We describe an alphabetic algorithm for similarity searching based on atom-atom bonding preference for ligands. We represented 170 cyclindependent kinase 2 inhibitors using strings of pre-defined alphabets for searching using known protein sequence alignment tools. Thus, a common pattern was extracted using this set of compounds for database searching to retrieve similar active compounds. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used for the discrimination of similar and dissimilar compounds in the databases. An average retrieval rate of about 60% is obtained in cross-validation using the home-grown dataset and the directory of useful decoys (DUD, formally known as the ZINC database) data. This will help in the effective retrieval of similar compounds using database search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nallusamy Saranya
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli – 620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Samuel Selvaraj
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli – 620024, Tamilnadu, India
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