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Manshouri S, Seif F, Kamali M, Bahar MA, Mashayekh A, Molatefi R. The interaction of inflammasomes and gut microbiota: novel therapeutic insights. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:209. [PMID: 38566180 PMCID: PMC10986108 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are complex platforms for the cleavage and release of inactivated IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines that trigger inflammatory responses against damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining gut homeostasis. Inflammasome activation needs to be tightly regulated to limit aberrant activation and bystander damage to the host cells. Several types of inflammasomes, including Node-like receptor protein family (e.g., NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP6, NLRP12, NLRC4), PYHIN family, and pyrin inflammasomes, interact with gut microbiota to maintain gut homeostasis. This review discusses the current understanding of how inflammasomes and microbiota interact, and how this interaction impacts human health. Additionally, we introduce novel biologics and antagonists, such as inhibitors of IL-1β and inflammasomes, as therapeutic strategies for treating gastrointestinal disorders when inflammasomes are dysregulated or the composition of gut microbiota changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Manshouri
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Valiasr St, Niayesh Intersection, Tehran, 1995614331, Iran
| | - Farhad Seif
- Department of Photodynamic Therapy, Medical Laser Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Kamali
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Valiasr St, Niayesh Intersection, Tehran, 1995614331, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Bahar
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshideh Mashayekh
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Valiasr St, Niayesh Intersection, Tehran, 1995614331, Iran.
| | - Rasol Molatefi
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Pediatric Department of Bou Ali Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 56189-85991, Iran.
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Abstract
Programmed cell death pathways play important roles in a wide variety of physiological processes. Although it has similarities with apoptosis pyroptosis is a different type of programmed cell death. Pyroptosis can be triggered by different molecules originating from the cells or their environment. Once a pyroptotic pathway is started, it is followed by different molecular steps, and, it ends with the disruption of cell membrane integrity and the onset of inflammatory processes. In addition to the role of pyroptosis in the host's innate immunity against pathogens, uncontrolled pyroptosis can lead to increased inflammation and lead various diseases. The contradictory role of pyroptosis-related molecular changes in the pathogenesis of cancer has attracted attention lately. Excessive or decreased expression of molecules involved in pyroptotic pathways is associated with various cancers. There are ongoing studies on the use of different treatment methods for cancer in combination with new therapies targeting pyroptosis. The potential beneficial effects or side-effect profiles of these protocols targeting pyroptosis still need to be investigated. This will provide us with more efficient and safer options to treat cancer. This review aims to overview the main pathways and mechanisms of pyroptosis and to discuss its role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Tuncer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhiye-Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Simay Alcan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhiye-Ankara, Turkey
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Wei J, Liu Y, Teng F, Li L, Zhong S, Luo H, Huang Z. Anticancer effects of marine compounds blocking the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9975-9995. [PMID: 35674876 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) target genes is closely related to the occurrence, metastasis, and invasion of tumor cells and is an inhibitor of their apoptosis. In recent years, the unique biodiversity in the marine environment has aroused great interest. Many studies indicate that some marine compounds exert anticancer effects on most common human tumors by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. In this study, 26 marine compounds that reduce cancer cell survival by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway were reviewed. They were derived from a wide range of sources, including sponges, fungi, algae and their derivatives or metabolites. These marine compounds exert antitumor effects through the canonical, noncanonical and atypical NF-κB signaling pathways; however, most of their anticancer targets and mechanisms remain unclear, and more research is needed in the future. Our article provides comprehensive information for researchers investigating the bioactivities of marine compounds and developing marine-derived anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Linshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanhong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China.
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Trares K, Ackermann J, Koch I. The canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways and their crosstalk: A comparative study based on Petri nets. Biosystems 2021; 211:104564. [PMID: 34688841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2021.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB is a protein complex that occurs in almost all animal cell types. It regulates the cellular immune responses to stimuli in the nucleus. Dysregulation of NF-κB can cause severe diseases like chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases or cancer. We modeled the two major pathways leading from the external cellular stimulation of the CD40 receptor to the nuclear translocation of NF-κB dimers, the canonical and non-canonical pathway. Based on literature data, we developed two Petri net models describing these pathways. In a third Petri net, we combined the two models, introducing crosstalk specific in CD40L-stimulated B cells. In terms of structural properties, we checked the Petri nets for their consistency and correctness. To explore differences and similarities, we compared structural properties and the simulation behavior of the models. The non-canonical NF-κB pathway exhibited a more diverse regulation than the canonical pathway. Applying in silico knockout analyses, we were able to quantify the relevance of individual biochemical processes. We predicted interrelationships, e.g., between the synthesis of the protein NF-κB-inducing kinase and the processing of the precursor protein p100. The activation of the transcription factors, p50-RelA and p52-RelB, was affected by most of the knockouts. The results of the in silico knockout were in accordance with experimental studies. The Petri net models provide a basis for further analyses and could be extended to include gene expression, additional pathways, molecular processes, and kinetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Trares
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Ackermann
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, Institute of Computer Science, Dept. of Molecular Bioinformatics, Robert-Mayer-Straße 11-15, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ina Koch
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, Institute of Computer Science, Dept. of Molecular Bioinformatics, Robert-Mayer-Straße 11-15, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Nestmann S, Wiesen D, Karnath HO, Rennig J. Temporo-parietal brain regions are involved in higher order object perception. Neuroimage 2021; 234:117982. [PMID: 33757908 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesions to posterior temporo-parietal brain regions are associated with deficits in perception of global, hierarchical shapes, but also with impairments in the processing of objects presented under demanding viewing conditions. Evidence from neuroimaging studies and lesion patterns observed in patients with simultanagnosia and agnosia for object orientation suggest similar brain regions to be involved in perception of global shapes and processing of objects in atypical ('non-canonical') orientation. In a localizer experiment, we identified individual temporo-parietal brain areas involved in global shape perception and found significantly higher BOLD signals during the processing of non-canonical compared to canonical objects. In a multivariate approach, we demonstrated that posterior temporo-parietal brain areas show distinct voxel patterns for non-canonical and canonical objects and that voxel patterns of global shapes are more similar to those of objects in non-canonical compared to canonical viewing conditions. These results suggest that temporo-parietal brain areas are not only involved in global shape perception but might serve a more general mechanism of complex object perception. Our results challenge a strict attribution of object processing to the ventral visual stream by suggesting specific dorsal contributions in more demanding viewing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Nestmann
- Division of Neuropsychology, Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Wiesen
- Division of Neuropsychology, Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Karnath
- Division of Neuropsychology, Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.
| | - Johannes Rennig
- Division of Neuropsychology, Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery and Core for Advanced MRI, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Aamir K, Khan HU, Sethi G, Hossain MA, Arya A. Wnt signaling mediates TLR pathway and promote unrestrained adipogenesis and metaflammation: Therapeutic targets for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104602. [PMID: 31846761 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabesity is the combination of type 2 diabetes and obesity characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. The Wnt signaling act as an evolutionary pathway playing crucial role in regulating cellular homeostasis and energy balance from hypothalamus to metabolic organs. Aberrant activity of certain appendages in the canonical and non-canonical Wnt system deregulates metabolism and leads to adipose tissue expansion, this key event initiates metabolic stress causing metaflammation and obesity. Metaflammation induced obesity initiates abnormal development of adipocytes mediating through the non-canonical Wnt signaling inhibition of canonical Wnt pathway to fan the flames of adipogenesis. Moreover, activation of toll like receptor (TLR)-4 signaling in metabolic stress invites immune cells to release pro-inflammatory cytokines for recruitment of macrophages in adipose tissues, further causes polarization of macrophages into M1(classically activated) and M2 (alternatively activated) subtypes. These events end with chronic low-grade inflammation which interferes with insulin signaling in metabolic tissues to develop type 2 diabetes. However, there is a dearth in understanding the exact mechanism of Wnt-TLR axis during diabesity. This review dissects the molecular facets of Wnt and TLRs that modulates cellular components during diabesity and provides current progress, challenges and alternative therapeutic strategies at preclinical and clinical level.
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Quandt E, Ribeiro MPC, Clotet J. Atypical cyclins: the extended family portrait. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:231-42. [PMID: 31420702 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cell division is orchestrated by cyclins, which bind and activate their catalytic workmates, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Cyclins have been traditionally defined by an oscillating (cyclic) pattern of expression and by the presence of a characteristic "cyclin box" that determines binding to the CDKs. Noteworthy, the Human Genome Sequence Project unveiled the existence of several other proteins containing the "cyclin box" domain. These potential "cyclins" have been named new, orphan or atypical, creating a conundrum in cyclins nomenclature. Moreover, although many years have passed after their discovery, the scarcity of information regarding these possible members of the family has hampered the establishment of criteria for systematization. Here, we discuss the criteria that define cyclins and we propose a classification and nomenclature update based on structural features, interactors, and phylogenetic information. The application of these criteria allows to systematically define, for the first time, the subfamily of atypical cyclins and enables the use of a common nomenclature for this extended family.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Review current understanding of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in cancer and provide updated knowledge in current clinical trials of Wnt signaling drugs. RECENT FINDINGS Important roles of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in cancer have been increasingly recognized. Recent clinical trials of several Wnt-signaling drugs have showed promising outcomes. In addition, some drugs that were originally approved for the treatment of other diseases have been recently found to block Wnt signaling, highlighting their potential to treat Wnt-dependent cancer. Dysfunction of Wnt signaling is implicated in cancer, and targeting Wnt signaling represents a useful approach to treat cancer. Current clinical trials of Wnt signaling drugs have showed promising outcomes, and repurposing the previously approved drugs for other diseases to treat Wnt-dependent cancer requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Harb
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Pen-Jen Lin
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Jijun Hao
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E 2nd Street, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
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9
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Zanello P. Structure and electrochemistry of proteins harboring iron-sulfur clusters of different nuclearities. Part IV. Canonical, non-canonical and hybrid iron-sulfur proteins. J Struct Biol 2019; 205:103-120. [PMID: 30677521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of proteins are able to express iron-sulfur clusters, but have a clear picture of the different types of proteins and the different iron-sulfur clusters they harbor it is not easy. In the last five years we have reviewed structure/electrochemistry of metalloproteins expressing: (i) single types of iron-sulfur clusters (namely: {Fe(Cys)4}, {[Fe2S2](Cys)4}, {[Fe2S2](Cys)3(X)} (X = Asp, Arg, His), {[Fe2S2](Cys)2(His)2}, {[Fe3S4](Cys)3}, {[Fe4S4](Cys)4} and {[Fe4S4](Cys)3(nonthiolate ligand)} cores); (ii) metalloproteins harboring iron-sulfur centres of different nuclearities (namely: [4Fe-4S] and [2Fe-2S], [4Fe-4S] and [3Fe-4S], and [4Fe-4S], [3Fe-4S] and [2Fe-2S] clusters. Our target is now to review structure and electrochemistry of proteins harboring canonical, non-canonical and hybrid iron-sulfur proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Zanello
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia dell'Università di Siena, Via A. De Gasperi 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Hodges SL, Reynolds CD, Smith GD, Jefferson TS, Gao N, Morrison JB, White J, Nolan SO, Lugo JN. Neuronal subset-specific deletion of Pten results in aberrant Wnt signaling and memory impairments. Brain Res 2018; 1699:100-106. [PMID: 30086265 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways both play critical roles in brain development early in life. There is extensive evidence of how each pathway is involved in neuronal and synaptic maturation, however, how these molecular networks interact requires further investigation. The present study examines the effect of neuronal subset-specific deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) in mice on Wnt signaling protein levels and associated cognitive impairments. PTEN functions as a negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and mutations in Pten can result in cognitive and behavioral impairments. We found that deletion of Pten resulted in elevated Dvl2, Wnt5a/b, and Naked2, along with decreased GSK3β hippocampal synaptosome protein expression compared to wild type mice. Aberrations in the canonical Wnt pathway were associated with learning and memory deficits in Pten knockout mice, specifically in novel object recognition and the Lashley maze. This study demonstrates that deletion of Pten not only significantly impacts PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, but affects proper functioning of the Wnt signaling pathway. Overall, these findings will help elucidate how the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway intersects with Wnt signaling to result in cognitive impairments, specifically in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Hodges
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Conner D Reynolds
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Gregory D Smith
- The UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Taylor S Jefferson
- Department of Psychology and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Jessica B Morrison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Jessika White
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Suzanne O Nolan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Joaquin N Lugo
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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Hodges SL, Lugo JN. Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a potential target for novel epilepsy therapies. Epilepsy Res 2018; 146:9-16. [PMID: 30053675 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, and yet many afflicted individuals are resistant to all available therapeutic treatments. Existing pharmaceutical treatments function primarily to reduce hyperexcitability and prevent seizures, but fail to influence the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder. Recently, research efforts have focused on identifying alternative mechanistic targets for anti-epileptogenic therapies that can prevent the development of chronic epilepsy. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway, one possible target, has been demonstrated to be disrupted in both acute and chronic phases of epilepsy. Wnt/β-catenin signaling can regulate many seizure-induced changes in the brain, including neurogenesis and neuronal death, as well as can influence seizure susceptibility and potentially the development of chronic epilepsy. Several genome-wide studies and in vivo knockout animal models have provided evidence for an association between disrupted Wnt/β-catenin signaling and epilepsy. Furthermore, approved pharmaceutical drugs and other small molecule compounds that target components of the β-catenin destruction complex or antagonize endogenous inhibitors of the pathway have shown to be protective following seizures. However, additional studies are needed to determine the optimal time period in which modulation of the pathway may be most beneficial. Overall, disrupted molecular networks such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling, could be a promising anti-epileptogenic target for future epilepsy therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Hodges
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Joaquin N Lugo
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
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Abstract
The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-modulated (HCN) proteins are cAMP-regulated ion channels that play a key role in nerve impulse transmission and heart rate modulation in neuronal and cardiac cells, respectively. Although they are regulated primarily by cAMP, other cyclic nucleotides such as cGMP, cCMP, and cUMP serve as partial agonists for the HCN2 and HCN4 isoforms. By competing with cAMP for binding, these non-canonical ligands alter ion channel gating, and in turn, modulate the cAMP-dependent activation profiles. The partial activation of non-canonical cyclic nucleotides can be rationalized by either a partial reversal of a two-state inactive/active conformational equilibrium, or by sampling of a third conformational state with partial activity. Furthermore, different mechanisms and degrees of activation have been observed upon binding of non-canonical cyclic nucleotides to HCN2 versus HCN4, suggesting that these ligands control HCN ion channels in an isoform-specific manner. While more work remains to be done to achieve a complete understanding of ion channel modulation by non-canonical cyclic nucleotides, it is already clear that such knowledge will ultimately prove invaluable in achieving a more complete understanding of ion channel signaling in vivo, as well as in the development of therapeutics designed to selectively modulate ion channel gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan VanSchouwen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4M1
| | - Giuseppe Melacini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4M1. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4M1.
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Mörs K, Hörauf JA, Kany S, Wagner N, Sturm R, Woschek M, Perl M, Marzi I, Relja B. Ethanol Decreases Inflammatory Response in Human Lung Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting the Canonical NF-kB-Pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:17-30. [PMID: 28848184 DOI: 10.1159/000480313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) as significant contributor to traumatic injury is linked to suppressed inflammatory response, thereby influencing clinical outcomes. Alcohol-induced immune-suppression during acute inflammation (trauma) was linked to nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-ĸB). Here, we analyzed alcohol`s effects and mechanisms underlying its influence on NF-ĸB-signaling during acute inflammation in human lung epithelial cells. METHODS A549-cells were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β, or sera from trauma patients (TP) or healthy volunteers, with positive/negative blood alcohol concentrations (BAC), and subsequently exposed to EtOH (170 Mm, 1h). IL-6-release and neutrophil adhesion to A549 were analyzed. Specific siRNA-NIK mediated downregulation of non-canonical, and IKK-NBD-inhibition of canonical NF-ĸB signaling were performed. Nuclear levels of activated p50 and p52 NF-ĸB-subunits were detected using TransAm ELISA. RESULTS Both stimuli significantly induced IL-6-release (39.79±4.70 vs. 0.58±0.8 pg/ml) and neutrophil adhesion (132.30±8.80 vs. 100% control, p<0.05) to A549-cells. EtOH significantly decreased IL-6-release (22.90±5.40, p<0.05) and neutrophil adherence vs. controls (105.40±14.5%, p<0.05). IL-1β-induced significant activation of canonical/p50 and non-canonical/p52 pathways. EtOH significantly reduced p50 (34.90±23.70 vs. 197.70±36.43, p<0.05) not p52 activation. Inhibition of canonical pathway was further increased by EtOH (less p50-activation), while p52 remained unaltered. Inhibition of non-canonical pathway was unchanged by EtOH. CONCLUSION Here, alcohol`s anti-inflammatory effects are mediated via decreasing nuclear levels of activated p50-subunit and canonical NF-ĸB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mörs
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jason-Alexander Hörauf
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Shinwan Kany
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nils Wagner
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ramona Sturm
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mathias Woschek
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mario Perl
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Ahmadzai MM, Broadbent D, Occhiuto C, Yang C, Das R, Subramanian H. Canonical and Noncanonical Signaling Roles of β-Arrestins in Inflammation and Immunity. Adv Immunol 2017; 136:279-313. [PMID: 28950948 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
β-Arrestins are a highly conserved family of cytosolic adaptor proteins that contribute to many immune functions by orchestrating the desensitization and internalization of cell-surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) via well-studied canonical interactions. In cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, β-arrestins also subserve a parallel but less understood role in which they propagate, rather than terminate, intracellular signal transduction cascades. Because β-arrestins are promiscuous in their binding, they are capable of interacting with several different GPCRs and downstream effectors; in doing so, they vastly expand the repertoire of cellular responses evoked by agonist binding and the scope of responses that may contribute to inflammation during infectious and sterile insults. In this chapter, we attempt to provide an overview of the canonical and noncanonical roles of β-arrestins in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Canchai Yang
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Rupali Das
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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15
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Jimenez-Fernandez VM, Jimenez-Fernandez M, Vazquez-Leal H, Muñoz-Aguirre E, Cerecedo-Nuñez HH, Filobello-Niño UA, Castro-Gonzalez FJ. Transforming the canonical piecewise-linear model into a smooth-piecewise representation. Springerplus 2016; 5:1612. [PMID: 27652185 PMCID: PMC5028379 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A smoothed representation (based on natural exponential and logarithmic functions) for the canonical piecewise-linear model, is presented. The result is a completely differentiable formulation that exhibits interesting properties, like preserving the parameters of the original piecewise-linear model in such a way that they can be directly inherited to the smooth model in order to determine their parameters, the capability of controlling not only the smoothness grade, but also the approximation accuracy at specific breakpoint locations, a lower or equal overshooting for high order derivatives in comparison with other approaches, and the additional advantage of being expressed in a reduced mathematical form with only two types of inverse functions (logarithmic and exponential). By numerical simulation examples, this proposal is verified and well-illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Jimenez-Fernandez
- Faculty of Electronic Instrumentation, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán S/N, Zona Universitaria, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Maribel Jimenez-Fernandez
- Basic Sciences Institute, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91192 Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Hector Vazquez-Leal
- Faculty of Electronic Instrumentation, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán S/N, Zona Universitaria, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Evodio Muñoz-Aguirre
- Faculty of Mathematics, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán S/N, Zona Universitaria, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Hector H Cerecedo-Nuñez
- Faculty of Physics, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán S/N, Zona Universitaria, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Uriel A Filobello-Niño
- Faculty of Electronic Instrumentation, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán S/N, Zona Universitaria, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Francisco J Castro-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Electronic Instrumentation, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán S/N, Zona Universitaria, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
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