1
|
Basri KN, Yazid F, Mohd Zain MN, Md Yusof Z, Abdul Rani R, Zoolfakar AS. Artificial neural network and convolutional neural network for prediction of dental caries. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 312:124063. [PMID: 38394882 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Dental caries has high prevalence among kids and adults thus it has become one of the global health concerns. The current modern dentistry focused on the preventives measures to reduce the number of dental caries cases. The employment of machine learning coupled with UV spectroscopy plays a crucial role to detect the early stage of caries. Artificial neural network with hyperparameter tuning was employed to train spectral data for the classification based on the International Caries Detection and Assesment System (ICDAS). Spectra preprocessing namely mean center (MC), autoscale (AS) and Savitzky Golay smoothing (SG) were applied on the data for spectra correction. The best performance of ANN model obtained has accuracy of 0.85 with precision of 1.00. Convolutional neural network (CNN) combined with Savitzky Golay smoothing performed on the spectral data has accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity for validation data of 1.00 respectively. The result obtained shows that the application of ANN and CNN capable to produce robust model to be used as an early screening of dental caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrul Nadia Basri
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Photonics Technology Lab, MIMOS Berhad, Technology Park Malaysia, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farinawati Yazid
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Zalhan Md Yusof
- Photonics Technology Lab, MIMOS Berhad, Technology Park Malaysia, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozina Abdul Rani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Sabirin Zoolfakar
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brzobohatá H, Bejdová Š, Černíková A, Velímský F, Frolík J, Velemínský P. Dental health status of the medieval silver-mining community from Kutná Hora (Czech Republic, 13th-16th c.): Impact of socioeconomic changes and mortality crises. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 161:105913. [PMID: 38382163 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the pathological conditions in teeth from skeletal remains found in the medieval burial ground at Kutná Hora (13th-16th centuries, Czech Republic). We focused on the effect on dental health of socioeconomic changes associated with the boom in silver mining at the site. DESIGN In this study, dental caries and antemortem tooth loss were recorded for 469 sexed adults (10,558 permanent teeth). Pathologies were analysed and presented by teeth and alveoli, and the differences between their frequencies were tested in sex-, age-, and burial context-separated groups (mass vs. individual graves). RESULTS The oral conditions were characterised by a low frequency of caries and moderate frequency of antemortem tooth loss (AMTL). For caries, males and females showed the same frequencies while AMTL comparisons indicated a higher rate in females. Most differences emerged between age-separated and burial context-separated groups. The age progression of the pathologies was confirmed for both caries and AMTL. Skeletons from mass burials had higher caries and AMTL frequencies than those buried in individual graves. CONCLUSIONS The dataset exhibited low caries and below average AMTL rates compared to other medieval European skeletal series. We think that life in this mining centre had a positive effect on the dental health of its inhabitants. The relatively poorer dental health of those buried in mass graves reflected either the specific composition of the population in the first half of the 14th century or the lower resilience of these individuals when facing mortality crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Brzobohatá
- Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Letenská 4, 118 01 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Šárka Bejdová
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Černíková
- Institute of Applied Mathematics and Information Technologies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Velímský
- Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Letenská 4, 118 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Frolík
- Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Letenská 4, 118 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Velemínský
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum Prague, Václavské náměstí 68, 115 79 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu GY, Zhao IS, Lung CYK, Yin IX, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Silver Compounds for Caries Management. Int Dent J 2024; 74:179-186. [PMID: 38008704 PMCID: PMC10988255 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver metal and compounds have antibacterial properties, although their action's mechanisms are not fully understood. Scientists generally consider that silver disrupts the bacterial cell wall. It causes a structural change in the bacterial cell membrane and cytoplasm. It also stops deoxyribonucleic acid replication, resulting in inactivating enzymatic activity and cell death. The antimicrobial effect of silver-containing compounds relies on the release of bioactive silver ions. Hence, silver metal and compounds have been used in medicine to prevent infection for hundreds of years. Silver metal and compounds are also used as antibacterial agents in dentistry. Studies have shown that silver compounds are effective in the management of dental caries. Fluoride-containing silver compounds have been found in experiments to be beneficial at remineralising dental cavities. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) can assist in preventing and arresting tooth cavities. The World Health Organization included SDF in its Model List of Essential Medicine for both adults and children in 2021. Clinicians also use SDF to manage dentine hypersensitivity as well as to inhibit growth of periodontal pathogens. However, traditional silver compounds cause tooth discolouration because of the silver-staining effect. These side effects of their applications depend on the amount applied and the frequency of application. Researchers are developing nanosilver fluoride and silver nanoparticles to overcome the staining. This review gives an overview of the antibacterial mechanism of silver compounds, namely silver nitrate, silver fluoride, SDF, silver nanoparticles, and nano silver fluoride for caries management. The outlook for the future development of silver compounds will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y Xu
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China; Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Irene S Zhao
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China; Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Christie Y K Lung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Iris X Yin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Edward C M Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
AlHadidi A, Lam PPY, Hassona Y. Developmental and Acquired Abnormalities of the Teeth. Dent Clin North Am 2024; 68:227-245. [PMID: 38417988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to present a detailed analysis of the most common developmental and acquired dental abnormalities, including caries, resorptive lesions, and congenital anomalies of teeth number, size, form, and structure. This review highlights how diagnostic imaging can aid in the accurate identification and management of these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer AlHadidi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, NYU College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, Jordan 11942.
| | - Phoebe Pui Ying Lam
- The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong
| | - Yazan Hassona
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, Jordan 11942; School of Dentistry, Al Ahliyya University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alblooshi NA, Krithikadatta J, Yiu C, Bijle MN. Fluoride release potential of arginine-incorporated fluoride varnishes. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:146-154. [PMID: 38233188 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the fluoride (F) release potential of arginine (Arg)-incorporated F varnishes. Four commercially available F varnishes were included in the study: Duraphat® (5% NaF), Flúor Protector® (0.9% SiH2F2), Fluor Protector S® (NH4F), and Fluorimax™ (2.5% NaF). L-arginine (2% w/v.) was incorporated in these varnishes to estimate F release at 1 h, 4 h, 6 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days using an F-ion selective electrode. The media pH of eluded varnishes was estimated and primary inorganic F extraction was performed. The main effects pH, F release, and computed integrated mean/cumulative F release for experimental groups were significantly higher than the controls (p<0.01). The primary extracted F concentrations for the Arg-containing groups were significantly lower than the control groups (p<0.001) demonstrating a chemical interplay with Arg incorporation. To conclude, irrespective of the inorganic F content, incorporating Arg in F-containing varnishes increases their F release potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Ali Alblooshi
- Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University
| | | | - Cynthia Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Campus G, Cocco F, Wierichs RJ, Wolf TG, Salerno C, Arghittu A, Dettori M, Cagetti MG. Effects of Hydroxyapatite-Containing Toothpastes on Some Caries-Related Variables: A Randomised Clinical Trial. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00054-6. [PMID: 38453554 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This randomised clinical trial was designed and carried out with the aim to evaluate the capacity of fluoride-substituted hydroxyapatite (HAF) toothpaste to modulate oral microflora composition and biofilm acidogenicity in schoolchildren. METHODS In all, 610 children (4 to 5 and 6 to 7 years) were enrolled. Four toothpastes were randomly administered during 24 months: 2 contained fluoride-substituted hydroxyapatite (HAF1000 and HAF1450; 1000 and 1450 ppmF) and magnesium-, strontium-, and carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite in a chitosan matrix, and 2 were monofluorophosphate fluoridated toothpastes (F1000 and F1450; 1000 and 1450 ppmF). Caries lesions were assessed by International Caries Detection and Assessment System scores, supragingival plaque was sampled from the approximal sites between primary molars using sterile Gracey curettes for microbiological analysis, and plaque pH curves after sucrose challenge were assessed at baseline and reevaluated after 1 year and after 2 years. The minimum and maximum pH decrease was calculated for caries-free patients and participants with a caries lesion(s) at baseline and at the end of the experimental period (24 months). Differences amongst measurements were analysed with 1-way analysis of variance. RESULTS During the trial, the minimum pH value increased statistically significantly in all groups; in HAF1000 and HAF1450, the increase was greatest. At the end of trial, in the 2 HAF groups all primary cariogenic bacteria were statistically significantly lower with respect to F groups (P = .03 for Streptococcus mutans and sobrinus, for Lactobacillus casei, and for Lactobacillus fermentum). CONCLUSIONS The trial provides robust but still inconclusive evidence on the efficacy of HAF toothpastes compared to traditional fluoridated toothpastes to reduce caries risk factors and to prevent caries lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, India.
| | - Fabio Cocco
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Richard Johannes Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Salerno
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Arghittu
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Dettori
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cagetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chan AKY, Tsang YC, Yu OY, Lo ECM, Leung KCM, Chu CH. Clinical evidence for silver diamine fluoride to reduce dentine hypersensitivity: A systematic review. J Dent 2024; 142:104868. [PMID: 38301767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical evidence for silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to reduce dentine hypersensitivity in adults. METHODS Two independent researchers searched the English literature in five databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library) up to 15th July 2023 for clinical trials investigating the desensitising effect of professionally applied SDF to manage dentine hypersensitivity in adults aged 18 or above at any follow-up period. The primary outcome was the change in dentine hypersensitivity between baseline and follow-up visits after SDF application regarding any validated pain outcome measures. The Cochrane guidelines were used for the risk of bias assessment. RESULTS Three hundred and thirty-one studies were identified, and four of them were finally included. Three of the included studies were rated as having a 'low risk' of bias. The SDF solution reduced dentine hypersensitivity in adults. The percentage reduction in dentine hypersensitivity ranged from 23 % to 56 % after a single application of SDF solution. Moreover, the SDF solution was more effective than potassium nitrate, potassium oxalate and glutaraldehyde plus hydroxyethyl methacrylate in reducing dentine hypersensitivity. Meta-analysis indicated a more significant reduction in visual analogue scales (1-10) by 1.35 (95 % CI:0.9-1.8; p<0.00001) after receiving the SDF application than controls. CONCLUSION The included clinical trials showed that SDF solution reduced dentine hypersensitivity in adults. However, clinical trials are few, and their protocol varied from one another. Further well-designed clinical trials should be conducted to provide more evidence on its use to manage dentine hypersensitivity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE SDF is cleared as desensitizing agents by the US Food and Drug Administration to manage dentine hypersensitivity, which induces pain, limits food choice, and impacts the quality of life. Evidence from this systematic review informs clinicians and provides researchers insight for future research on SDF use for dentine hypersensitivity. THE INTERNATIONAL PROSPECTIVE REGISTER OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS (PROSPERO) REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023462613.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Kit Ying Chan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34, Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiu Cheung Tsang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34, Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34, Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34, Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| | - Katherine Chiu Man Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34, Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34, Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zanini LGK, Rubira-Bullen IRF, Nunes FDLDS. A Systematic Review on Caries Detection, Classification, and Segmentation from X-Ray Images: Methods, Datasets, Evaluation, and Open Opportunities. J Imaging Inform Med 2024:10.1007/s10278-024-01054-5. [PMID: 38429559 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-024-01054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Dental caries occurs from the interaction between oral bacteria and sugars, generating acids that damage teeth over time. The importance of X-ray images for detecting oral problems is undeniable in dentistry. With technological advances, it is feasible to identify these lesions using techniques such as deep learning, machine learning, and image processing. Therefore, the survey and systematization of these methods are essential to determining the main computational approaches for identifying caries in X-ray images. In this systematic review, we investigated the primary computational methods used for classifying, detecting, and segmenting caries in X-ray images. Following the PRISMA methodology, we selected relevant studies and analyzed their methods, strengths, limitations, imaging modalities, evaluation metrics, datasets, and classification techniques. The review encompassed 42 studies retrieved from the Science Direct, IEEExplore, ACM Digital, and PubMed databases from the Computer Science and Health areas. The results indicate that 12% of the included articles utilized public datasets, with deep learning being the predominant approach, accounting for 69% of the studies. The majority of these studies (76%) focused on classifying dental caries, either in binary or multiclass classification. Panoramic imaging was the most commonly used radiographic modality, representing 29% of the cases studied. Overall, our systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the computational methods employed in identifying caries in radiographic images and highlights trends, patterns, and challenges in this research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Guilherme Kasputis Zanini
- Department of Computer Engineering and Digital Systems, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto 158, São Paulo, 05508-010, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Fátima de Lourdes Dos Santos Nunes
- Department of Computer Engineering and Digital Systems, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto 158, São Paulo, 05508-010, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Rua Arlindo Béttio, 1000, São Paulo, 03828-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kharbot B, Bulgun N, Cölfen H, Paris S. Effect of calcium-coacervate infiltration of artificial enamel caries lesions in de- and remineralizing conditions. J Dent 2024; 142:104838. [PMID: 38211686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Calcium-coacervate emulsions (CC) might be considered as mineral precursors to foster remineralization of carious dental hard tissues. This study analyzed the instant effect of repeated infiltration of artificial caries lesions with a CC emulsion as well as the effects of subsequent exposure of CC-infiltrated lesions to demineralizing and remineralizing environments. METHODS Bovine enamel specimens were partly covered with varnish to leave three exposed windows. Artificial enamel caries lesions were created (pH 4.95, 17d). Baseline controls (BL) were obtained by preparing a thin section of each specimen. Specimens were allocated to five groups. In three groups lesions were etched with 37 % phosphoric acid gel, infiltrated with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and subsequently with a calcium coacervate emulsion, prepared by mixing CaCl2 ⋅ 2H2O with polyacrylic acid sodium salt (PAA-Na). Subsequently, the infiltration effect was either analyzed immediately (Inf.) or after exposition to either de- (Inf.+DS) or remineralizing solution (Inf.+RS) for 10 or 20 days, respectively. In two control groups specimens were exposed to either DS or RS, respectively without prior CC infiltration. Integrated mineral loss [ΔZ(vol%×µm)] was analyzed using transverse microradiography (TMR). RESULTS Infiltration of enamel caries lesions with coacervate solution resulted in only subtle immediate mineral gain even if repeated. When exposed to demineralizing conditions, infiltrated lesions showed significantly less mineral loss compared to untreated controls (p < 0.05; Kruskal Wallis) and exhibited characteristic mineral depositions within the lesion body. CONCLUSIONS While immediate mineral gain by infiltration was only modest, the CC-emulsion might be able to prevent demineralization in acidic conditions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Calcium coacervates might act protective against further demineralization when infiltrated into enamel caries lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basel Kharbot
- Department of Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, Berlin 14197, Germany.
| | - Neziha Bulgun
- Department of Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, Berlin 14197, Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Paris
- Department of Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, Berlin 14197, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu H, Chen X, Wang J, Zou Q, Qi F, Ma X. Clinical evaluation of resorbable polylactic acid (PLA) intracanal posts for primary incisor restoration. Randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 48:102-110. [PMID: 38548639 DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This randomized, controlled clinical trial compares the clinical performance of glass-fibre and resorbable polylactic acid (PLA) intracanal posts used to restore carious primary incisors in young patients. The study sample includes 180 primary upper central incisors of 90 children aged 3 to 4 years. All patients were randomly divided into two equal groups of 45 children who received PLA and glass-fibre (GFP) intracanal posts. The clinical assessment of incisor restorations was carried out immediately upon completion and at months 3, 6 and 12 according to the following criteria: anatomical form, marginal adaptation, surface roughness, marginal pigmentation, colour match, secondary caries and contact point. The Gingival Index (GI), the Bleeding Index (Cowell modification; mBI), and bite force (BF) were measured. At the 3-month follow-up, the occlusal BF of patients who received PLA posts was higher than the baseline; the GI and mBI scores were lower, by contrast (p < 0.05). This tendency was even more pronounced 6 and 12 months after the restoration. The incidence of side effects or symptoms (apical inflammation, cervical fracture, loosening of the crown) after the PLA posts was significantly lower than after the GFP (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were present between the two groups with respect to colour matching, anatomical form, marginal adaptation, marginal pigmentation, surface roughness, occlusal contact and secondary caries. Based on the results, applying PLA intracanal posts and cyanoacrylate to residual anterior crowns in young children can improve their gingival health, reduce side effects, and increase the likelihood of successful restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hebei Eye Hospital, 054001 Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Xuefang Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hebei Eye Hospital, 054001 Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Junrong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hebei Eye Hospital, 054001 Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hebei Eye Hospital, 054001 Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Fengna Qi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hebei Eye Hospital, 054001 Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaolan Ma
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hebei Eye Hospital, 054001 Xingtai, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schmidt J, Proesl S, Schulz-Kornas E, Haak R, Meyer-Lueckel H, Campus G, Esteves-Oliveira M. Systematic review and network meta-analysis of restorative therapy and adhesive strategies in root caries lesions. J Dent 2024; 142:104776. [PMID: 37977410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to establish a clinically relevant hierarchy of the different adhesive and/or restorative approaches to restore cavitated root caries lesions through the synthesis of available evidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted in Medline/Web of Science/Embase/ Cochrane Library/Scopus/grey literature. RCTs investigating ≥2 restorative strategies (restorative /adhesive materials) for root caries lesions in adult patients were included. Risk of bias within studies was assessed (Cochrane_RoB-2) and the primary outcome was survival rate of restorations at different follow-up times (6-/12-/24-months). Network meta-analyses were conducted using a random effects model stratified by follow-up times. I2-statistics assessed the ratio of true to total variance in the observed effects. All available combinations of adhesives (1-SE: one-step self-etch; 2-3ER: two-/three-step etch-and-rinse) and restorative materials (conventional composite (CC) as well as conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (GIC, RMGIC)) were included. Risk of bias across studies and confidence in NMA (CINeMA) were assessed. RESULTS 547 studies were identified and nine were eligible for the NMA. In total, 1263 root caries lesions have been restored in 473 patients in the included clinical trials. Patients involved were either healthy (n = 6 trials), living in nursing homes (n = 1 trial) or received head-and-neck radiotherapy (n = 2 trials). There was statistically weak evidence to favour either of material/material combination regarding the survival rate. A tendency for higher survival rate (24-months) was observed for 2-3ER/CC (OR24mths 2.65; 95%CI=1.45/4.84) as well as RMGIC (OR24mths 2.05; 95%CI=1.17/3.61) compared to GIC. These findings were though not statistically significant and confidence of the NMA was low. CONCLUSION An evidence-based choice of restorative strategy for managing cavitated root caries lesions is currently impossible. There is a clear need for more standardised, well-designed RCTs evaluating the retention rate of root caries restoration approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Schmidt
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Proesl
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - E Schulz-Kornas
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - H Meyer-Lueckel
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Esteves-Oliveira
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sheng N, Mårell L, Sitaram RT, Svensäter G, Westerlund A, Strömberg N. Human PRH1, PRH2 susceptibility and resistance and Streptococcus mutans virulence phenotypes specify different microbial profiles in caries. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:105001. [PMID: 38364699 PMCID: PMC10878843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle- and sucrose-dependent polymicrobial ecological shifts are a primary cause of caries in populations with high caries prevalence. In populations with low prevalence, PRH1, PRH2 susceptibility and resistance phenotypes may interact with the Streptococcus mutans adhesin cariogenicity phenotype to affect caries progression, but studies are lacking on how these factors affect the microbial profile of caries. METHODS We analysed how the residency and infection profiles of S. mutans adhesin (SpaP A/B/C and Cnm/Cbm) phenotypes and commensal streptococci and lactobacilli influenced caries progression in a prospective case-referent sample of 452 Swedish adolescents with high (P4a), moderate (P6), and low (P1) caries PRH1, PRH2 phenotypes. Isolates of S. mutans from participants were analysed for adhesin expression and glycosylation and in vitro and in situ mechanisms related to caries activity. FINDINGS Among adolescents with the resistant (P1) phenotype, infection with S. mutans high-virulence phenotypes was required for caries progression. In contrast, with highly (P4a) or moderately (P6) susceptible phenotypes, caries developed from a broader polymicrobial flora that included moderately cariogenic oral commensal streptococci and lactobacilli and S. mutans phenotypes. High virulence involved unstable residency and fluctuating SpaP ABC, B-1, or Cnm expression/glycosylation phenotypes, whereas low/moderate virulence involved SpaP A phenotypes with stable residency. Adhesin phenotypes did not display changes in individual host residency but were paired within individuals and geographic regions. INTERPRETATION These results suggest that receptor PRH1, PRH2 susceptibility and resistance and S. mutans adhesin virulence phenotypes specify different microbial profiles in caries. FUNDING Swedish Research Council and funding bodies listed in the acknowledgement section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nongfei Sheng
- Department of Odontology/Cariology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lena Mårell
- Department of Odontology/Cariology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anna Westerlund
- Department of Orthodontics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nicklas Strömberg
- Department of Odontology/Cariology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Feng Z, Yuan R, Cheng L, Fan H, Si M, Hao Z. Effect of Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Preventing Enamel Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00047-9. [PMID: 38383278 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Caries is a global health problem, and its prevention has become a main goal of modern dentistry. Laser irradiation is believed to have potential in preventing dental caries. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether Er:YAG laser irradiation has the potential to prevent enamel caries. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched; 2 reviewers independently used these search strategies to review titles and abstracts, with no language or date restrictions, up to June 2023. For the quantitative analysis, continuous variables were analysed by standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager and Cochrane Collaboration (2020). A total of 51 potentially eligible studies were identified, of which 16 in vitro studies were eventually included in the quantitative meta-analysis. Three studies showed a low risk of bias, and 13 studies a medium risk of bias. In general, there was no significant difference between the calcium ions released under acidic conditions after laser irradiation. The final results indicated that after Er:YAG laser irradiation, enamel could maintain higher surface microhardness in acidic environments, as well as smaller lesion depth and less mineral loss, revealing its potential in preventing enamel caries. However, the effect of laser irradiation on the release of calcium ions in acidic solutions and the surface microhardness of demineralised enamel was not significant. Therefore, more in vitro and clinical trials are needed in to evaluate whether Er:YAG laser irradiation can effectively prevent enamel caries in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Feng
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Rui Yuan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hao Fan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Minmin Si
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhaonan Hao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu C, Guan C, Li Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Han G. Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Common Oral Diseases. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38366356 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2315112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Limiting and preventing oral diseases remains a major challenge to the health of populations around the world, so finding ways to detect early-stage diseases (e.g., caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer) and aiding in their prevention has always been an important clinical treatment concept. The development and application of electrochemical detection technology can provide important support for the early detection and non-invasive diagnosis of oral diseases and make up for the shortcomings of traditional diagnostic methods, which are highly sensitive, non-invasive, cost-effective, and less labor-intensive. It detects specific disease markers in body fluids through electrochemical reactions, discovers early warning signals of diseases, and realizes rapid and reliable diagnosis. This paper comprehensively summarizes the development and application of electrochemical biosensors in the detection and diagnosis of common oral diseases in terms of application platforms, sensing types, and disease detection, and discusses the challenges faced by electrochemical biosensors in the detection of oral diseases as well as the great prospects for future applications, in the hope of providing important insights for the future development of electrochemical biosensors for the early detection of oral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Liu
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changjun Guan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanghong Han
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Samman M, Scott T, Sohn W. The Effect of Marijuana-Smoking on Dental Caries Experience. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00033-9. [PMID: 38355392 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aims to examine the effect of marijuana-smoking on dental caries experience and to explore the potential combined effects of tobacco and marijuana cigarette-smoking. METHODS We used data from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We examined demographics, tobacco- and marijuana-smoking, dental examination, and dietary intake. Caries was measured as decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT). Data analysis included univariate, bivariate analyses, and linear regression model (LRM) to examine the association between marijuana-smoking and DMFT. RESULTS Mean DMFT score was lowest for nonsmokers (8.72) and highest for current marijuana smokers (9.87) (P < .0001); however, LRM results revealed that marijuana-smoking was not associated with caries. Adjusted DMFT was the highest for current tobacco and former marijuana smokers (β estimate = 1.18; 95% CI, -0.27 to 2.62), but the relationship was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS After controlling for potential confounders, there was no significant association between marijuana-smoking and dental caries experience. However, when marijuana and tobacco were smoked concurrently, there was a notable increase in DMFT, although the difference was not statistically significant. Future research should be directed towards exploring the effects of different forms of marijuana consumption, such as edibles and drinkables, on caries development. Health promotion programmes should be aimed at educating the public regarding the combined health impacts of smoking both marijuana and tobacco, considering the potential heightened caries risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meyassara Samman
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Thayer Scott
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Woosung Sohn
- Population Oral Health, University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fan M, Zhou Z, Zhu W, Li M, Tu Y, Yu Z, Li J, Zhang M, Liang K. Reinforced dentin remineralization via a novel dual-affinity peptide. Dent Mater 2024; 40:254-266. [PMID: 37989605 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In light of the constantly flowing saliva, anti-caries remineralization agents are inclined to be taken away. Owing to their limited residence time, the remineralization effect is not as desirable as expected. Hence, our study aimed to synthesize a novel peptide (DGP) with high affinity to both collagen fibrils and hydroxyapatite, and investigated its dentin remineralization efficacy in vitro and anti-caries capability in vivo. METHODS DGP was synthesized through Fmoc solid-phase reaction. The binding ability and interaction mechanism of DGP to demineralized dentin were investigated. Dentin specimens were demineralized, then treated with DGP and deionized water respectively. The specimens were incubated in artificial saliva and in-vitro remineralization effectiveness was analyzed after 14 days. The rat caries model was established to further scrutinize the in-vivo efficacy of caries prevention. RESULTS DGP possesses an enhanced adhesion force of 12.29 ± 1.12 nN to demineralized dentin. The favorable adsorption capacity is ascribed to the stable hydrogen bonds between S2P-101 and ASP-100 of DGP and GLY33 and PRO-16 of collagen fibers. Abundant mineral deposits and remarkable tubule occlusion were observed in the DGP group. DGP-treated dentin obtained notable microhardness recovery and higher mineral content after a 14-day remineralization regimen. DGP also demonstrated potent caries prevention in vivo, with substantially fewer carious lesions and significantly lower Keyes scoring. SIGNIFICANCE DGP proves to possess a high affinity to demineralized dentin regardless of saliva flowing, thus enhancing remineralization potency significantly in vitro and in vivo, potential for dental caries prevention and combatting initial dentin caries clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zilin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wanchun Zhu
- Chongqing Medical University Stomatology College, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhaohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bender O, Khoury J, Hirsch G, Weinberg E, Sagy N, Buller S, Lapides-Levy S, Blumer S, Bar DZ. Immunorecognition of Streptococcus mutans secreted proteins protects against caries by limiting tooth adhesion. J Dent 2024; 141:104805. [PMID: 38101504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood caries, a prevalent chronic disease, affects 60-90 % of children in industrialized regions, leading to lesions in both primary and permanent teeth. This condition precipitates hospital admissions, emergency room visits, elevated treatment costs, and missed school days, thereby impeding the child's academic engagement and increasing the likelihood of caries into adulthood. Despite multiple identified risk factors, significant interpersonal variability remains unexplained. The immune system generates a unique antibody repertoire, essential for maintaining a balanced and healthy oral microbiome. Streptococcus mutans is a primary contributor to the development of caries. METHODS Employing mass spectrometry, we investigated the S. mutans proteins targeted by antibodies in children both with and without caries, delineating a fundamental suite of proteins discernible by the immune systems of a majority of individuals. Notably, this suite was enriched with proteins pivotal for bacterial adhesion. To ascertain the physiological implications of these discoveries, we evaluated the efficacy of saliva in thwarting S. mutans adherence to dental surfaces. RESULTS Antibodies in most children recognized a core set of ten S. mutans proteins, with additional proteins identified in some individuals. There was no significant difference in the proteins identified by children with or without caries, but there was variation in antibody binding intensity to some proteins. Functionally, saliva from caries-free individuals, but not children with caries, was found to hinder the binding of S. mutans to teeth. These findings delineate the S. mutans proteome targeted by the immune system and suggest that the inhibition of bacterial adherence to teeth is a primary mechanism employed by the immune system to maintain oral balance and prevent caries formation. CONCLUSIONS These findings enhance our knowledge of the immune system's function in oral health maintenance and caries prevention, shedding light on how immunoglobulins interact with S. mutans proteins. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Targeting S. mutans proteins implicated in bacterial adhesion could be a promising strategy for preventing childhood caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Bender
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Jessica Khoury
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Gal Hirsch
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Evgeny Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel; Department of Periodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Naor Sagy
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Shani Buller
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Shiri Lapides-Levy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Sigalit Blumer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Daniel Z Bar
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aijaz A, Chaudhary P, Malawat K, Almalki SA, Sharma T, Jameel AHA, Arya S. Clinical Correlation of Vitamin D Deficiency and Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study in Western Rajasthan. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S672-S674. [PMID: 38595598 PMCID: PMC11000986 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_932_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To ascertain whether a link exists between vitamin D insufficiency and early childhood caries or not. Method From the out patient department (OPD) of the Pedodontics Department at Vyas Dental College, a random sample of 40 kids between the ages of 8 months and 5 years old was chosen. Each kid had blood drawn to check their serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels. All of the data was collated and given the necessary statistical analysis. Result The case group's mean serum 25(OH) vitamin D level was 10.19 ng/mL (with a standard deviation of 3.46), while the control group's was 20.84 ng/mL (2.54 SD). Conclusion A significant modifiable risk factor for childhood dental caries is a vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, cavities in teeth can be avoided by giving youngsters vitamin D supplements and avoiding vitamin D insufficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amreen Aijaz
- Pediatric Dentist, Kings Dental Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Public Health Dentistry, NIMS Dental College and Hospital, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kanchan Malawat
- MDS (Oral Medicine and Radiology), Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sultan A. Almalki
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanvi Sharma
- MDS (Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics), Dental Associate, Aatish Dental Care, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - AlBandary H. Al Jameel
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sugandha Arya
- Oral Medicine Radiology, RR Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zheng FM, Yan IG, Sun IG, Duangthip D, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Early Childhood Caries and Dental Public Health Programmes in Hong Kong. Int Dent J 2024; 74:35-41. [PMID: 37839956 PMCID: PMC10829355 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship amongst early childhood caries (ECC), economic development, and dental public health programmes in Hong Kong. We searched exhaustively qualitative and quantitative data on the oral health policy, dental service, public health strategies of caries control and epidemiologic surveys on ECC. We then performed meta-regression to explore the impact of the Human Development Index (HDI), gross domestic product (GDP) growth, water fluoridation, oral health promotion, dental school establishment, free education, and dental workforce on ECC prevalence in 5-year-olds. We found that the first government oral health survey was conducted in 1960, when Hong Kong experienced significant growth, as the HDI indicated. The survey revealed that 97% of 6- to 8-year-old children experienced ECC. Water fluoridation was implemented in 1961 at 0.7 ppm (0.9 ppm in winter) to prevent caries. The government offered free 9-year education in 1978. In 1981, the government established a dental school to improve a low dentist-to-population ratio of 1:9000. The ECC prevalence amongst 5- to 6- year-old children was reduced from 84% in 1968 to 63% in 1986. The Department of Health created an oral health education division in 1989. The ECC prevalence for 5-year-old children was further reduced to 44% in 1997. The ECC prevalence amongst 5-year-old children was stabilised at 51% both in 2001 and 2011. However in 2021, the prevalence of untreated ECC increased to 57% during the outbreak of COVID-19. Meta-regression analysis showed that ECC prevalence was not linked to GDP growth but decreased with improvements in HDI, the provision of 9-year free education, the establishment of a dental school, fluoridation of water supply, and implementation of territory-wide oral health promotion. In conclusion, better education, living conditions, and dental public health programmes have improved children's oral health in Hong Kong.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iliana Gehui Yan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivy Guofang Sun
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Y, Liu G, Wu R, Yu G. Oral health status and oral habits of children and adolescents with hemophilia: a report from the children's hemophilia comprehensive care center of China. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:897-902. [PMID: 37934283 PMCID: PMC10912247 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of hemophilic children in China has significantly improved. However, oral health conditions, which affect quality of life, haven't received attention in this population. To explore the oral health status and oral hygiene of children and adolescents with hemophilia in the Children's Hemophilia Comprehensive Care Center of China. Dental and oral hygiene examinations were performed in children and adolescents with hemophilia who visited Beijing Children's Hospital. DMFT/dmft (decayed, missing, filled teeth in permanent and primary teeth) was assessed according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) was used to evaluate the oral hygiene condition of the subjects. Questionnaires were completed by their parents. SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 114 children and adolescents were enrolled. The caries prevalence was 57.4%, 72.2% and 41.2% in primary, mixed and permanent dentitions respectively. The filling rates were 14.4%, 13.9%, and 11.4%, respectively, and the OHI-S scores of the three dentition groups were 1.49 ± 0.46, 1.57 ± 0.43, and 1.76 ± 0.46, respectively. A total of 103 valid questionnaires were collected. Sixty-nine children (67%) didn't brushed their teeth 2 times a day. Nearly half of the parents knew little about fluoride toothpaste. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that brushing teeth with the help of parents had a significant positive impact on OHI-S. Conclusion: Dental health was unsatisfactory among hemophilic children and adolescents. The caries filling rates were low. Patients and their parents did not give much attention to oral health. What is Known: • Caries and gingivitis are the two main oral diseases that affect children with hemophilia. • However, the oral health conditions of children and adolescents with hemophilia have not received much attention in China. What is New: • This is the first study concentrating on the dental health of children with hemophilia in China. • Dental health was unsatisfactory among children and adolescents with hemophilia in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nanlishi Road 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Runhui Wu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Guoxia Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nanlishi Road 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chai HH, Gao SS, Chen KJ, Lo ECM, Duangthip D, Chu CH. Tools Evaluating Child Oral Health-Related Quality of Life. Int Dent J 2024; 74:15-24. [PMID: 37482502 PMCID: PMC10829350 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to systemically review the tools developed for evaluating oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in preschool children. METHODS Two reviewers systematically searched English-language publications within PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. They screened the titles and abstracts and retrieved the full texts of the selected publications. Studies which developed, validated, or culturally adapted an OHRQoL tool used in preschool children were included. They recorded information regarding tool characteristics, item configuration, discriminative validation, the aim of assessment, and the target group. RESULTS The study included 59 publications and identified 12 tools for assessing OHRQoL in preschool children. Seven tools were tailored for preschool ages. Most of the scales were generic oral health measures. Dental caries was the most commonly used oral condition for assessing a tool's discriminative validity. Eight tools required parental proxy reports. Three tools were both child-administrated and parent-administrated. One tool was designed to be answered solely by children. Ten tools assessed the oral health-related impact on children, including oral condition-related, functioning, environmental, and emotional/social domains. Four tools included items regarding the impact on both children and family. CONCLUSIONS This review identified 12 tools developed for evaluating OHRQoL in preschool children, 7 of which were tailored for preschool age. The 12 tools were validated but incomprehensive due to the subjective and multidimensional nature of the OHRQoL concept. Researchers can choose a suitable tool for their studies by understanding the basic characteristics and item setting of the tools. Researchers can have an overview of the tools developed for evaluating OHRQoL in preschool children. They can use the findings from this review to choose a suitable tool for their studies regarding the OHRQoL in preschool children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hollis Haotian Chai
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sherry Shiqian Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Kitty Jieyi Chen
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Y, Yang F, Wang Y, Deng S, Zhu R. Alterations and correlations in dental plaque microbial communities and metabolome characteristics in patients with caries, periodontitis, and comorbid diseases. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:132. [PMID: 38273329 PMCID: PMC10811826 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The pathogenic microorganisms and clinical manifestations of caries and periodontitis are different, caries and periodontitis are usually discussed separately, and the relationship between them is ignored. Clinically, patients prone to dental caries generally have a healthier periodontal status, whereas patients with periodontitis generally have a lower incidence of dental caries. The relationship between dental caries and periodontitis remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explain the clinical phenomenon of antagonism between dental caries and periodontitis by exploring the ecological chain and bacterial interactions in dental caries, periodontitis, and other comorbid diseases. METHODS The dental plaque microbiomes of 30 patients with oral diseases (10 each with caries, periodontitis, and comorbid diseases) were sequenced and analysed using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database was used for a differential functional analysis of dental plaque microbial communities in caries, periodontitis, and comorbid diseases. RESULTS The coinfection group had the greatest bacterial richness in dental plaque. The principal coordinate analysis showed that caries and periodontitis were separate from each other, and comorbid diseases were located at the overlap of caries and periodontitis, with most of them being periodontitis. Simultaneously, we compared the microbiomes with significant differences among the three groups and the correlations between the microbiome samples. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant differences in functional changes among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the composition of the dental plaque microbial communities in caries, periodontitis, and comorbidities and the differences among the three. Additionally, we identified a possible antagonism between periodontitis and caries. We identified a new treatment strategy for the prediction and diagnosis of caries and periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Shuli Deng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated XiaoShan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Misaki T, Murao F, Shinomiya K, Tani A, Yamada M, Mitamura Y. A Case of Osteopetrosis with Orbital Inflammation Secondary to Maxillary Osteomyelitis. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2024; 15:92-99. [PMID: 38288029 PMCID: PMC10824520 DOI: 10.1159/000536140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteopetrosis is a rare heritable disorder characterized by increased bone density resulting from osteoclast dysfunction. Major complications include bone fracture, osteomyelitis, anemia, and cranial nerve compression. Optic atrophy can occur due to compression of the optic nerve. Although osteomyelitis of the jaw is a common complication, it rarely occurs in the maxilla. Here, we report a case of a 74-year-old female with osteopetrosis who developed maxillary osteomyelitis, leading to orbital inflammation. Case Presentation She was referred to our clinic for 2 months of ptosis and swelling of the left eyelid and temporal region. Previous imaging revealed a left intraorbital occupying lesion, but a biopsy of the temporal subcutaneous tissue did not provide a definitive diagnosis. After 7 months, she presented with severe temporal swelling and purulent discharge. Upon examination, maxillary osteomyelitis resulting from caries of the upper jaw was observed. Treatment with oral antibiotics, drainage of the temporal skin fistula, and regular cleaning of the maxillary drainage improved her symptoms. Conclusion This is a rare case of maxillary osteomyelitis associated with osteopetrosis, causing orbital inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Misaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Fumiko Murao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kayo Shinomiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Mitamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shimabukuro K, Konishi M, Wongratwanich P, Nagasaki T, Ohtsuka M, Suei Y, Nakamoto T, Kakimoto N. Cone-beam computed tomography-based investigation of pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption prevalence. Odontology 2024; 112:256-263. [PMID: 37248355 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption (PEIR) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to explore the mechanism and characteristics of PEIR development. CBCT images of patients aged ≤ 20 years with unerupted teeth at Hiroshima University Hospital were collected. We examined 1530 patients with 10,576 unerupted teeth. Teeth with PEIR were identified for the detailed location and size of the PEIR in the crown using multiplanar reconstruction. The subject and tooth prevalence rates of PEIR were 1.96% and 0.31%, respectively. The teeth that were the most commonly affected by PEIR were mandibular third molars (3.09%). The prevalence of PEIR was significantly higher in females than in males, and higher in the mandible than in the maxilla. No significant difference between in the position of PEIR within the crown was observed. Moreover, CBCT imaging revealed the onset of PEIR in one case. This study demonstrated the prevalence of PEIR and identified statistically significant sex- and location-based differences. Furthermore, one case of CBCT imaging supports the hypothesis that the onset of PEIR was due to resorption after completion of the crown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiichi Shimabukuro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Masaru Konishi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Pongsapak Wongratwanich
- Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Division of Oral Diagnosis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Toshikazu Nagasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ohtsuka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Suei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoya Kakimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Arsiwala-Scheppach LT, Castner NJ, Rohrer C, Mertens S, Kasneci E, Cejudo Grano de Oro JE, Schwendicke F. Impact of artificial intelligence on dentists' gaze during caries detection: A randomized controlled trial. J Dent 2024; 140:104793. [PMID: 38016620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to understand how artificial intelligence (AI) influences dentists by comparing their gaze behavior when using versus not using an AI software to detect primary proximal carious lesions on bitewing radiographs. METHODS 22 dentists assessed a median of 18 bitewing images resulting in 170 datasets from dentists without AI and 179 datasets from dentists with AI, after excluding data with poor gaze recording quality. We compared time to first fixation, fixation count, average fixation duration, and fixation frequency between both trial groups. Analyses were performed for the entire image and stratified by (1) presence of carious lesions and/or restorations and (2) lesion depth (E1/2: outer/inner enamel; D1-3 outer-inner third of dentin). We also compared the transitional pattern of the dentists' gaze between the trial groups. RESULTS Median time to first fixation was shorter in all groups of teeth for dentists with AI versus without AI, although p>0.05. Dentists with AI had more fixations (median=68, IQR=31, 116) on teeth with restorations compared to dentists without AI (median=47, IQR=19, 100), p = 0.01. In turn, average fixation duration was longer on teeth with caries for the dentists with AI than those without AI; although p>0.05. The visual search strategy employed by dentists with AI was less systematic with a lower proportion of lateral tooth-wise transitions compared to dentists without AI. CONCLUSIONS Dentists with AI exhibited more efficient viewing behavior compared to dentists without AI, e.g., lesser time taken to notice caries and/or restorations, more fixations on teeth with restorations, and fixating for shorter durations on teeth without carious lesions and/or restorations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Analysis of dentists' gaze patterns while using AI-generated annotations of carious lesions demonstrates how AI influences their data extraction methods for dental images. Such insights can be exploited to improve, and even customize, AI-based diagnostic tools, thus reducing the dentists' extraneous attentional processing and allowing for more thorough examination of other image areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubaina T Arsiwala-Scheppach
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany; ITU/WHO Focus Group AI on Health, Topic Group Dental Diagnostics and Digital Dentistry, Germany.
| | | | - Csaba Rohrer
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Mertens
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enkelejda Kasneci
- Human-Centered Technologies for Learning, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Jose Eduardo Cejudo Grano de Oro
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany; ITU/WHO Focus Group AI on Health, Topic Group Dental Diagnostics and Digital Dentistry, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gunasekaran R, Sharmin D, Baghkomeh PN, Jaganathan G, Ravindran V. Comparative Evaluation of Wear Strength and Compressive Strength of Two Pit and Fissure Sealants with a Nanofilled Resin Coating: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 17:31-35. [PMID: 38559869 PMCID: PMC10978498 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of sealants for pits and fissures has been emphasized in caries prevention. Considering the advantages of a surface sealer and the effects of its application over restorative materials; the study is aimed at evaluating two pit and fissure sealants with a nanofilled resin coating. Materials and methods In this in vitro double-blinded study, a total of 60 caries-free extracted third molars were collected and divided into two groups of 30 each receiving either a resin-based sealant (Helioseal F) or a glass ionomer-based sealant (GC Fuji VII). Each sample was then applied with GCoat Plus surface sealer. 15 samples each containing GC Fuji VII and 15 containing Helioseal F were then subjected to wear. Another 15 samples of GC Fuji VII and 15 of Helioseal F were subjected to compressive load. Results On assessing the wear strength, the weight loss in group I (resin sealant with surface sealer) was 1.73 ± 0.50 (μg) which was statistically significant (p = 0.023). There was no significant difference in comparing the wear depth between both groups. There was a high statistically significant difference when assessing the compressive strength, group II (glass ionomer sealant with surface sealer) had 3566.4 ± 757 (μm) when compared to group I (resin sealant with surface sealer) 1568.53 ± 680 (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusion Sealants are known for their poor retention and keeping that in mind we designed this study to evaluate the physical properties of sealants with a resin coating over them. Within the limitations of this study, the conclusions are glass ionomer sealant showed greater resistance to wear when compared to the resin-based sealant and the resin-based sealant showed higher compressive strength values than the glass ionomer sealant. How to cite this article Gunasekaran R, Sharmin D, Baghkomeh PN, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Wear Strength and Compressive Strength of Two Pit and Fissure Sealants with a Nanofilled Resin Coating: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(1):31-35.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekar Gunasekaran
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ditto Sharmin
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Vels University, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parisa N Baghkomeh
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Jaganathan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vignesh Ravindran
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Geier DA, Geier MR. Estimated mercury vapor exposure from amalgams among American pregnant women. Hum Exp Toxicol 2024; 43:9603271241231945. [PMID: 38316638 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241231945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of mercury (Hg) vapor exposure from amalgams among all American pregnant women. Amalgam-Hg vapor exposure among 1,665,890 weighted-pregnant women (n = 37) was examined in the 2015-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Correlation coefficients between amalgam surfaces and daily micrograms (µg) of urinary Hg excretion and daily µg of Hg vapor exposure from amalgams per kilogram (Kg) bodyweight were calculated. Daily Hg vapor exposure from amalgams was compared to Hg vapor safety limits. About 600,000 pregnant women (∼36%) had at least one amalgam surface. Median daily urinary Hg excretion was ∼2.5-fold higher among pregnant women with amalgams as compared to pregnant women without amalgams. A significant correlation was observed between the number of amalgam surfaces and daily urinary Hg excretion. Among pregnant women with amalgams, it was estimated that the median daily Hg vapor dose from amalgams was 7.66 µg of Hg and 0.073 µg of Hg/Kg bodyweight. Among all pregnant women, ∼28% received daily Hg vapor doses from amalgams above the least restrictive United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) safety limit and ∼36% received above the most restrictive California (CA) EPA safety limit. Given the potential for fetal toxicological effects from prenatal Hg vapor exposure, special emphasis needs to be placed on reducing/eliminating amalgams in pregnancy/women of reproductive age and future studies should evaluate adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mark R Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chan AKY, Chu CH, Ogawa H, Lai EHH. Improving oral health of older adults for healthy ageing. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1-7. [PMID: 38303786 PMCID: PMC10829734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article is to discuss the importance of oral health in achieving healthy ageing and the role of all stakeholders in improving oral health for older adults. The World Health Organization defined healthy ageing as the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables well-being in older age. It recognized healthy ageing as an important goal and the key to turn population ageing from a challenge to an opportunity. Healthy ageing has positive impacts on individual older adults, their families and societies. It enhances quality of life of older adults, strengthen family bonding of families and reduce resource demand of the societies. Maintaining oral health and function is essential in healthy ageing. Oral health affects systemic health, cognitive health and psychological health. Oral functions such as eating ensure nutritional health in older adults. Most oral diseases are preventable and oral function decline can be recovered by intervention. Unfortunately, oral diseases remain prevalent and oral function decline is being neglected in older adults. Policy makers, national dental associations, academics and healthcare professionals should collaborate to provide a patient-centred, comprehensive and integrated care to older adults. Health policy reforms are needed to reduce the global oral health inequalities in older adults. Population-wide prevention should be accessible, affordable and available to older adults. Universal oral health coverage is crucial for integration of oral health into general health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Eddie Hsiang-Hua Lai
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oral Health, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Boisen G, Prgomet Z, Enggren G, Dahl H, Mkadmi C, Davies JR. Limosilactobacillus reuteri inhibits the acid tolerance response in oral bacteria. Biofilm 2023; 6:100136. [PMID: 37408693 PMCID: PMC10319175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria show promising results in prevention of the biofilm-mediated disease caries, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. The acid tolerance response (ATR) allows biofilm bacteria to survive and metabolize at low pH resulting from microbial carbohydrate fermentation. We have studied the effect of probiotic strains: Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus on ATR induction in common oral bacteria. Communities of L. reuteri ATCC PTA5289 and Streptoccus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans or Actinomyces naeslundii in the initial stages of biofilm formation were exposed to pH 5.5 to allow ATR induction, followed by a low pH challenge. Acid tolerance was evaluated as viable cells after staining with LIVE/DEAD®BacLight™. The presence of L. reuteri ATCC PTA5289 caused a significant reduction in acid tolerance in all strains except S. oralis. When S. mutans was used as a model organism to study the effects of additional probiotic strains (L. reuteri SD2112, L. reuteri DSM17938 or L. rhamnosus GG) as well as L. reuteri ATCC PTA5289 supernatant on ATR development, neither the other probiotic strains nor supernatants showed any effect. The presence of L. reuteri ATCC PTA5289 during ATR induction led to down-regulation of three key genes involved in tolerance of acid stress (luxS, brpA and ldh) in Streptococci. These data suggest that live cells of probiotic L. reuteri ATCC PTA5289 can interfere with ATR development in common oral bacteria and specific strains of L. reuteri may thus have a role in caries prevention by inhibiting development of an acid-tolerant biofilm microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Boisen
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Zdenka Prgomet
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Enggren
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hanna Dahl
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cindy Mkadmi
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Julia R. Davies
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ge KX, Quock R, Chu CH, Yu OY. The preventive effect of glass ionomer cement restorations on secondary caries formation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Mater 2023; 39:e1-e17. [PMID: 37838608 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to compare the preventive effect on secondary caries of glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations with amalgam or resin-composite restorations. METHODS Two independent researchers conducted a systematic search of English publications in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus. They selected randomized clinical trials comparing secondary caries incidences around GIC restorations (conventional GIC or resin-modified GIC) with amalgam or resin-composite restorations. Meta-analysis of the secondary-caries incidences with risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) as the effect measure was performed. RESULTS This review included 64 studies. These studies included 8310 GIC restorations and 5857 amalgam or resin-composite restorations with a follow-up period from 1 to 10 years. Twenty-one studies with 4807 restorations on primary teeth and thirty-eight studies with 4885 restorations on permanent teeth were eligible for meta-analysis. The GIC restorations had a lower secondary caries incidence compared with amalgam restorations in both primary dentition [RR= 0.55, 95% CI:0.41-0.72] and permanent dentition [RR= 0.20, 95% CI:0.11-0.38]. GIC restorations showed similar secondary caries incidence compared with resin-composite restorations in primary dentition [RR= 0.92, 95% CI:0.77-1.10] and permanent dentition [RR= 0.77, 95% CI:0.39-1.51]. Conventional GIC restorations showed similar secondary caries incidence compared with resin-modified GIC-restored teeth in both primary dentition [RR= 1.12, 95% CI:0.67-1.87] and permanent dentition [RR= 1.63, 95% CI:0.34-7.84]. CONCLUSIONS GIC restorations showed a superior preventive effect against secondary caries compared to amalgam restorations, and a similar preventive effect against secondary caries compared to resin-composite restorations in both primary and permanent teeth. [PROSPERO Registration ID: CRD42022380959].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Quock
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Miotti LL, Vissotto C, De Nardin L, de Andrades Manjabosco B, Tuchtenhagen S, Münchow EA, Emmanuelli B. Does the liner material influence pulpal vitality in deep carious cavities submitted to selective caries removal? A network meta-analysis review. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7143-7156. [PMID: 37932637 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether the restorative material in direct contact with the dentin influences pulp vitality in primary and permanent teeth with deep carious lesions restored after selective caries removal (SCR). MATERIAL AND METHODS Systematic searches of databases MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science were performed for primary and permanent teeth. Inclusion criteria were applied for title and abstract reading of databases search results. After full texts review of included studies, those that did not meet exclusion criteria were excluded from meta-analysis. RESULTS For meta-analysis, 2 studies were included for permanent teeth and 6 for primary teeth. The failure events reported were meta-analyzed using two statistical methods: standard pairwise meta-analysis (SPMA) and network meta-analysis (NMA). The SPMA identified similar failure occurrence of restorations performed with calcium hydroxide (CH) and other liner materials (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.41, 1.74; p = 0.64), no significant difference between the use of alternative liners or CH regardless deciduous or permanent teeth (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.36, 1.71; p = 0.55) and similar risk of failing at different follow-ups for all liner materials tested (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.35, 1.70; p = 0.52). Probabilistic analysis indicated GIC as liner material with the highest probability of clinical success (SUCRA = 72.76%), and CH ranked as the worst liner material (SUCRA = 21.81%). CONCLUSION Pulpal vitality was not affected by material used as liner after selective caries removal in deep carious cavities. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Current clinical evidence supports the weak recommendation to not use calcium hydroxide as liner after SCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lamberti Miotti
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos St., 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul (RS), 90035003, Brazil.
| | - Cariane Vissotto
- Dentistry Department, Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguai and Missões (URI), Erechim, Rio Grande Do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Letícia De Nardin
- Dentistry Department, Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguai and Missões (URI), Erechim, Rio Grande Do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Bianca de Andrades Manjabosco
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos St., 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul (RS), 90035003, Brazil
| | - Simone Tuchtenhagen
- Dentistry Department, Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguai and Missões (URI), Erechim, Rio Grande Do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Eliseu Aldrighi Münchow
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos St., 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul (RS), 90035003, Brazil
| | - Bruno Emmanuelli
- Stomatology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul (RS), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yan IG, Zheng FM, Yin IX, Sun IG, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Stability of Silver and Fluoride Contents in Silver Diamine Fluoride Solutions. Int Dent J 2023; 73:840-846. [PMID: 37236855 PMCID: PMC10658427 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the stability, alkalinity, and fluoride and silver ion concentrations of 5 commercially available 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solutions-namely Advantage Arrest, e-SDF, Riva Star, Saforide, and Topamine-in 180 days. METHODS Alkalinity was determined using a pH electrode. The fluoride and silver ion concentrations were obtained using a calibrated ion-selective electrode and optical emission spectrometer, respectively. Six bottles of each product were examined on days 0 (freshly opened), 30, 60, 90, and 180. The time taken for each freshly opened product to form a black silver precipitate under room light (500 lx) and 25 °C was also recorded. RESULTS For 180 days, Advantage Arrest, e-SDF, Riva Star, Saforide, and Topamine had the pH range of 9.8-9.8, 10.5-10.6, 13.0-13.1, 9.8-9.8, and 9.3-9.4; fluoride ion concentration range (nearest 1000 ppm) of 40.9%-42.4%, 46.7%-50.9%, 37.0%-39.0%, 37.0%-45.7%, and 47.7%-53.4%; silver ion concentration range (nearest 1000 ppm) of 283.4-307.0, 307.3-315.4, 418.6-435.7, 266.3-281.0, and 416.2-456.1 ppm; and precipitation time (nearest hour) of 17, 12, 6, 7, and 7 hours, respectively. The percentage change of fluoride and silver could be more than 5% after 60 days. CONCLUSIONS The alkalinity of the 5 SDF solutions remained stable after 180 days. In addition, their fluoride and silver concentrations decreased substantially after 60 days. The freshly opened SDF solutions did not precipitate within 5 hours under ambient room conditions. The alkalinity and fluoride and silver concentrations of the 38% SDF solutions could be less stable after 60 days; thereafter, the fluoride and silver concentrations decreased. Thus, the SDF solution should be used within 60 days after opening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ivy Guofang Sun
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cortez TV, Godoy EP, Paschoini VL, Corona SAM, Borsatto MC, Souza-Gabriel AE. Clinical performance of sealants under different humidity control conditions: a split-mouth 1-year randomized trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023; 24:769-777. [PMID: 37749313 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sealants are an effective method of prevention and treatment for early caries lesions. This study analyzed the 1-year clinical performance of resin-based and ionomeric sealants applied to permanent teeth under different humidity conditions. METHODS The investigation was a triple-blind randomized clinical trial (RCT) with a four arms split-mouth design, divided according to the sealant protocol: (1) Resin-based sealant applied with rubber dam isolation, (2) Resin-based sealant applied with cotton rolls isolation, (3) Ionomeric sealant applied with rubber dam isolation and (4) Ionomeric sealant applied with cotton rolls isolation. Fifty-eight patients started the study (232 teeth), and 47 (188 teeth) remained until the 1-year recall. The modified USPHS criteria were used in the analyzes to investigate surface texture, retention and the presence of secondary caries lesions around the sealants; in the following periods: baseline, after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months by two calibrated examiners. Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests. RESULTS There was no difference between the types of sealants (p > 0.05). The type of humidity control influenced the superficial texture (p = 0.0012) and the retention of sealants (p = 0.0023). The sealant displacement was greater under cotton rolls isolation. Only one active caries lesion in enamel was found in the 9th month. CONCLUSION It may be concluded that sealants effectively prevented caries, even when they were partially or totally lost, regardless of the material. The rubber dam isolation with a rubber dam promoted lower surface roughness and improved the retention rates. International Clinical Trials Registry Platform: #1111-1215-2832 (07/26/2018).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T V Cortez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - Café Av,, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - E P Godoy
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - Café Av, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - V L Paschoini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - Café Av,, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil.
| | - S A M Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - Café Av,, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - M C Borsatto
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A E Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - Café Av,, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Orfali SM, Alrumikhan AS, Assal NA, Alrusayes AM, Natto ZS. Prevalence and severity of dental caries in school children in Saudi Arabia: A nationwide cross-sectional study. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:969-974. [PMID: 38107051 PMCID: PMC10724354 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This nationwide study assessed the prevalence and severity of dental caries in 6-, 12-, and 15-year-old school children across Saudi Arabia. This study examined differences between genders and among regions regarding the mean values of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT), the care index (CI), and the significant caries index (SiC index). Materials and methods Data from 19,870 participants, 10,435 males and 9435 females, were collected using stratified multistage cluster random sampling. The survey team divided Saudi Arabia into five regions (northern, eastern, western, southern, and middle). To represent each respective region, a large city, two random towns (peri-urban), and four random rural areas were selected for surveying. Lastly, the sampling technique was applied by choosing random schools and random classes within the selected schools. Dental caries were assessed using the dmft/DMFT score, CI, and the top 30% and 10% of the sample dmft/DMFT scores (SiC30 and SiC10, respectively). Results The overall prevalence of caries was 65.6%, with 72.1 occurring in primary teeth and 61.7% in permanent teeth. The percentages of individuals with missing teeth and filled teeth were 9.0% and 20.5%, respectively. The mean dmft was 3.93 ± 3.60, while the mean DMFT was 2.42 ± 2.52; most of the DMFT components were significantly higher in females than males, while the dmft components were higher in males. The northern region had the highest and worst DMFT/dmft ratios of the five regions. The mean SiC30 and SiC10 values were significantly higher than the overall average DMFT/dmft values (P < 0.001). Conclusion Dental caries remain a public health challenge among school children in Saudi Arabia. The SiC and CI analysis indicated that caries management had a high overall efficacy, but that certain groups of the population may need targeted management in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saud M. Orfali
- Therapeutic service agency, General director of Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nader A. Assal
- General Directorate of Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Zuhair S. Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jablonski-Momeni A, Korbmacher-Steiner H. [Assessment of carious dental lesions and treatment options: comparison of the knowledge of dental students and orthodontic assistants]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023; 66:1389-1396. [PMID: 37943347 PMCID: PMC10667149 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03799-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to optimize dental education, established procedures for caries diagnosis and therapy, such as the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS), should be integrated into the curriculum. In preparation, the level of knowledge of dental students on caries detection and management was surveyed in order to specifically address deficits in dental teaching. In addition, the data were compared with the knowledge of clinically experienced dentists. The results are presented in this report and possible consequences for dental teaching are discussed.Twenty-six sixth semester dental students and six assistant dentists at the Department of Orthodontics (Philipps University of Marburg, Germany) were available for the written survey during the winter semester 2018/2019. For 12 anonymized orthodontic patient cases, the clinical findings, caries risk, and adequate treatment were to be determined for each defined tooth. The consensus decision of two experienced dentists served as the reference value. As a result, agreement with the reference ranged from 40.7% to 51.3% for students and from 56.9% to 75.0% for assistant dentists. The extent of caries and the resulting necessary treatment were mostly underestimated.In addition to theoretical knowledge, clinical experience is another prerequisite for adequate caries diagnosis and its management. The underestimation of caries extent and necessary treatment should be taken into account when teaching content. Procedures such as the ICCMS should be integrated into the dental curriculum at an early stage, so that orthodontic patients can also receive effective care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Jablonski-Momeni
- Medizinisches Zentrum für Zahn‑, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Abteilung für Kieferorthopädie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039, Marburg, Deutschland.
| | - Heike Korbmacher-Steiner
- Medizinisches Zentrum für Zahn‑, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Abteilung für Kieferorthopädie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039, Marburg, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ahrari F, Mazhari F, Ghazvini K, Fekrazad R, Menbari S, Nazifi M. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Lactobacillus casei using curcumin, nano-curcumin, or erythrosine and a dental LED curing device. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:260. [PMID: 37946038 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03914-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the photodynamic effects of curcumin, nanomicelle curcumin, and erythrosine on Lactobacillus casei (L. casei). Various concentrations of curcumin (1.5 g/L, 3 g/L), nano-curcumin (3 g/L), and erythrosine (100 µM/L, 250 µM/L) were tested either alone or combined with light irradiation (PDT effect) against L. casei in planktonic and biofilm cultures. The light was emitted from a light-emitting diode (LED) with a central wavelength of 450 nm. A 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) solution served as the positive control, and a solution containing neither photosensitizer nor light was the negative control group. The number of viable microorganisms was determined using serial dilution. There was a significant difference in the viability of L. casei in both planktonic and biofilm forms (P < 0.05). In the planktonic culture, the antibacterial effects of CHX and PDT groups with curcumin 3 g/L and erythrosine 250 µM/L were significantly greater than the other groups (P < 0.05). For L. casei biofilms, the greatest toxic effects were observed in CHX and PDT groups with curcumin 3 g/L, erythrosine 250 µmol/L, erythrosine 100 µmol/L, and nanomicelle curcumin 3 g/L, with a significant difference to other groups (P < 0.05). The antibacterial effects of all photosensitizers (except erythrosine 250 µmol/L at planktonic culture) enhanced significantly when combined with light irradiation (P < 0.05). PDT with curcumin 3 g/L or erythrosine 250 µmol/L produced comparable results to CHX against L. casei at both planktonic and biofilm cultures. Alternatively, PDT with erythrosine 100 µmol/L or nanomicelle curcumin 3 g/L could be suggested to kill L. casei biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Vakilabad Blvd, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Mazhari
- Dental Material Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaho Menbari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Nazifi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chraibi R, Baaddi H, Akerzoul N, Touré B. Reasons behind permanent tooth extraction at a dental university hospital in Morocco: a survey among patients of the International Faculty of Dental Medicine of Rabat. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 46:73. [PMID: 38282777 PMCID: PMC10819844 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.46.73.38768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to tooth extractions and possible correlations between tooth loss and various variables. Methods the study took place at the dental university hospital affiliated with the International University of Rabat over a period of two months (December 15th, 2020, to February 15th, 2021). The data collected has been recorded from patients who had tooth extraction procedures. The variables analyzed included age, gender, and the reason for extraction. To analyze the significance of the variables Chi-square test was used, and to investigate the variance in the mean number of teeth extracted per patient ANOVA was used. Results in 159 patients with different ages, a total of 586 permanent teeth were extracted. Men had an extraction rate of 54.5% while women formed 45.5%. Overall, the most frequent reason for tooth extraction was caries (46.28%), and periodontal diseases (44.90%). Other reasons for extraction included prosthetics (4.31%) and aesthetics (2.7%). However, orthodontics reasons were not observed. The topmost tooth extraction rate per patient was seen in the 41 to 50-year-old age group with a mean of 4.22 teeth. Analysis of the reasons for extraction by gender did not show a statistically significant difference (p>0.29). Conclusion caries and periodontal disease were the main causes of tooth extractions. Improving oral prevention health programs can help patients maintain healthier and functional oral health throughout their lives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rime Chraibi
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, International Faculty of Dental Medicine, College of Health Sciences, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham Baaddi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, International Faculty of Dental Medicine, College of Health Sciences, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Narjiss Akerzoul
- Department of Oral Surgery-Oral Medicine, International Faculty of Dental Medicine, College of Health Sciences, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Babacar Touré
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, International Faculty of Dental Medicine, College of Health Sciences, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Piovesan ÉTDA, Leal SC, Bernabe E. Adiposity is not associated with caries among youth in the United States. J Am Dent Assoc 2023; 154:991-999.e2. [PMID: 37690013 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index has been traditionally used to determine the nutritional status of children in studies on obesity and caries. Imaging methods provide a superior assessment of body fat. This study investigated the relationship between measures of adiposity and caries in permanent teeth in children and adolescents. METHODS The analysis included 5,694 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 through 2018, aged 8 through 19 years. The body fat percentage (BF%) and fat mass index (FMI) were determined from whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans. Excess adiposity was defined as a sex- and age-specific value at or above the 75th percentile according to the US reference standards for BF% or FMI. Caries was measured with the decayed teeth and decayed, missing, and filled teeth indexes; prevalence of untreated dentin caries; and lifetime caries prevalence. The associations between adiposity and caries were tested in confounding variables-adjusted regression models. RESULTS The FMI score was associated with the decayed, missing, and filled teeth score (rate ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05) and lifetime caries prevalence (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.08), but the associations attenuated after adjustment for confounding variables. Neither the BF% score nor the presence of excess adiposity, defined according to the BF% or FMI reference standards, were associated with caries. CONCLUSION The authors found no association between measures of adiposity and caries among US children and adolescents. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Caries is a multifactorial disease, and any observed association between obesity and caries is most likely due to the shared determinants and risk factors of both conditions.
Collapse
|
39
|
McGrath C, Clarkson J, Glenny AM, Walsh LJ, Hua F. Effectiveness of Mouthwashes in Managing Oral Diseases and Conditions: Do They Have a Role? Int Dent J 2023; 73 Suppl 2:S69-S73. [PMID: 37867064 PMCID: PMC10690548 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial mouthwashes are considered to reduce dental plaque biofilm and thus the potential to prevent plaque-induced oral diseases, particularly periodontal diseases. The effectiveness of mouthwashes relates to this antiplaque role, as well as, their tooth-whitening potential and ability to mask/mange malodour (halitosis). There is also a growing interest in the use of mouthwashes as an adjunctive measure in post surgical and post-dental care, while the COVID-19 pandemic has given a new lease of life to mouthwashes as an oral antispetic that may be useful in reducing the oral viral load. The mode of action of mouthwashes varies, depending on their active ingredients, concentrations, and mode and frequency of use, as does their potential effectiveness. This article aims to provide a narrative overview of the evidence of the effectiveness of the most widely used mouthwashes in managing oral diseases, oral conditions, and adjunctive care roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colman McGrath
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | | | - Ann-Marie Glenny
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Fang Hua
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Brookes ZLS, McCullough M, Kumar P, McGrath C. Mouthwashes: Implications for Practice. Int Dent J 2023; 73 Suppl 2:S98-S101. [PMID: 37867062 PMCID: PMC10690539 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the concluding article in the supplement on the role of mouthwashes in oral care, which summarises the current guidelines across the globe regarding their acceptable adjunctive use for managing caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. Based on moderate evidence for clinical effectiveness, most current guidelines suggest fluoride mouthwashes for the management of dental caries, and chlorhexidine for the management of periodontal diseases. However there still appears to be gaps in the literature underpinning these recommendations. Importantly, all evidence supports such mouthwash use "adjunctively," alongside mechanical oral hygiene measures. Other antimicrobial mouthwashes such as essential oils and cetylpyridinium chloride may also be clinically effective against plaque and gingivitis, but there is a current lack of robust evidence of natural mouthwashes to recommend their adjunctive use. The authors of the current review are of the view that mouthwashes may not be of much value in those with good periodontal health or low caries risk. The reasons for this are, the potential i) risks of allergic reactions, ii) dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, iii) emergence of antimicrobial resistance, and iv) deleterious effects on the environment. There is, however, much empirical research needed on mouthwashes, particularly in vivo research derived through clinical trials. Thus, dental practitioners need to keep abreast of the evidence base on the current, and the emerging, over-the-counter mouthwashes, and pay heed to the consensus views emanating from systematic reviews, as well as international guidelines on mouthwashes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Purnima Kumar
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Colman McGrath
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abdalla MM, Bijle MN, Abdallah NMA, Yiu CKY. Enamel remineralization potential and antimicrobial effect of a fluoride varnish containing calcium strontium silicate. J Dent 2023; 138:104731. [PMID: 37777085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate enamel remineralization and antimicrobial effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish containing calcium strontium silicate (CSR). METHODS CSR was synthesized by sol-gel process and incorporated in 5 % NaF varnish at three different concentrations (1 %, 2 %, and 4 % w/v). The treatment/control groups were: 1 % CSR+NaF, 2 % CSR+NaF, 4 % CSR+NaF, NaF, and no treatment. Strontium and fluoride release from the varnishes was evaluated. Sound enamel specimens (n = 6) were demineralized, varnish-treated, and subjected to remineralization cycle. Mineral density of enamel specimens was evaluated using micro-CT. Antimicrobial effect of the varnishes on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilms was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The HGF-1 cytotoxicity of the varnishes was examined using CCK-8 assay. RESULTS Both 2 % and 4 % CSR+NaF varnishes showed significantly higher F release and remineralization potential than NaF varnish (p < 0.05). Dead bacterial proportion of 4 % CSR+NaF varnish was significantly higher than NaF varnish (p < 0.05). The CFUs values of both S. mutans and L. acidophilus were significantly lower in 4 % CSR+NaF group than NaF group (p < 0.05). No significant difference in cell viability was observed among the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Incorporation of 4 % CSR in a NaF varnish significantly enhanced its enamel remineralization and antimicrobial potential with no cytotoxic effect. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dental caries is a major public health problem globally. The study highlights the great potential of CSR-doped NaF varnish as a novel anti-caries agent with synergistic remineralizing and antimicrobial properties to combat early enamel caries lesions in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahmoud Abdalla
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China; Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Nadeem Bijle
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nermeen M A Abdallah
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Brookes Z, McGrath C, McCullough M. Antimicrobial Mouthwashes: An Overview of Mechanisms-What Do We Still Need to Know? Int Dent J 2023; 73 Suppl 2:S64-S68. [PMID: 37867063 PMCID: PMC10690552 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative literature review is the first in a 6-section supplement on the role of mouthwashes in oral care. This introduction briefly summarises current knowledge on antimicrobial mechanisms, relating to some of the most common over-the-counter mouthwash products available worldwide: chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, cetylpyridinium chloride, povidone iodine, and essential oils. The aim of this first article is to describe how mouthwashes "kill" pathogenic microbes when used adjunctively and thus provide a basis for their widespread use to manage key oral diseases, namely caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. This article therefore sets the scene for subsequent, more detailed exploration of mouthwashes regarding their clinical effectiveness, impact on the oral microbiome, and possible effects on systemic health as well as natural alternatives and future directions. Other than the clinical effectiveness (for certain agents) of mouthwashes, on many topics there remains insufficient evidence for systematic review or formulation of robust national guidelines. The supplement, therefore, compiled by an international task team, is aimed at general dental practitioners across the globe, as an easy-to-read guide for helping to advise patients on mouthwash use based on the current best available evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Brookes
- Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK.
| | - Colman McGrath
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Duane B, Yap T, Neelakantan P, Anthonappa R, Bescos R, McGrath C, McCullough M, Brookes Z. Mouthwashes: Alternatives and Future Directions. Int Dent J 2023; 73 Suppl 2:S89-S97. [PMID: 37867066 PMCID: PMC10690551 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review summarises "alternative" or "natural" over-the-counter (OTC) mouthwashes not covered elsewhere in this supplement and newly emerging products, as potential mouthwashes of the future. The "natural" mouthwashes reviewed include saltwater, baking soda, coconut oil, charcoal, propolis, seaweeds, and probiotics. Other than essential oils, it is apparent that their clinical effectiveness is still under debate, but there is some evidence to suggest that propolis reduces plaque and gingivitis. This review also covers the host immune response, via novel anti-inmmunomodulant mouthwashes, such as erythropoietin to reduce inflammation with oral mucositis (OM) after radiotherapy. The emerging concept of nanoparticle-containing mouthwashes, such as iron oxide, is further discussed for OM, this agent having the potential for more targeted delivery of chemical antimicrobials. Unfortunately, there are impacts on the environment of widening mouthwash use with more new products, including increased use of packaging, antimicrobial resistance, and possible detrimental effects on marine life. Further, there are roadblocks, relating to regularly approvals and side effects, that still need to be overcome for any OTC deivered immunomodulant or nanoformulation mouthwashes. Despite these caveats, there are many new mouthwashes under development, which could help manage major oral diseases such as caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Duane
- Dublin Dental School and Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tami Yap
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Raul Bescos
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Colman McGrath
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Hong Kong
| | - Michael McCullough
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Zoë Brookes
- Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
邢 海, 王 琳, 乔 迪, 刘 畅, 潘 洁. [Clinical features of oral management to oral complications of Sjögren's syndrome]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 55:929-933. [PMID: 37807750 PMCID: PMC10560903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the clinical characteristics about sequence diagnosis and treatment of oral complications in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) through retrospective analysis, and to provide some guidance for clinical work. METHODS Some SS patients who underwent oral sequence management in the Department of General Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2015 to September 2021 were enrolled. For the SS patients included in this study, a comprehensive oral examination was performed, including parotid region examination, oral mucosal exa-mination, dentition examination, dental examination, periodontal examination, unstimulated salivary flow rate, Candida infection and radiological imaging examination. According to the examination results, the patients were given fluoride application, antifungal treatment, root canal therapy, direct filling repair, and indirect repair treatment in sequence and the results recorded. RESULTS A total of 9 patients with SS, with 4 primary SS patients (pSS) and 5 secondary SS patients (sSS) were enrolled in the study. For all the 9 patients, the average age was (49.2±16.2) years and the median xerostomia duration 5 years. The unstimulated salivary flow rate of the 9 patients was all less than 1 mL/10 min. Eight of the 9 cases was diagnosed as oral Candidiasis, with positive salivary Candida culture result (>200 cfu/mL), and 1 of the 9 cases was not. The average decay, missing, filling teeth (DMFT) was 24.8±4.2; the average decay, missing, filling tooth surfaces (DMFS) was 59.2±21.9, the average incisal caries was 2.5±1.3, and the average number of crown restorations at baseline was 4.5±3.6. All the 9 SS patients were applied with topical fluoride usage, and 8 were prescribed with antifungal treatment. One sSS patient was conducted with filling restoration treatment, one pSS patient was conducted with full mouth rehabilitation, and the remaining 7 patients were conducted with direct filling combined with fixed repair treatment. The average 3.2 full crown restorations in 6 patients had to be removed and restored because of secondary caries, and 3 of the 9 patients underwent implant denture restorations finally. CONCLUSION Management of oral complications in SS patients needs to be carried out in sequence. A comprehensive examination and diagnosis should be carried out first, followed by infection control, and then restoration of oral function at last.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 海霞 邢
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院综合科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 北京 100081Department of General Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 琳 王
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院综合科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 北京 100081Department of General Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 迪 乔
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院综合科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 北京 100081Department of General Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 畅 刘
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院综合科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 北京 100081Department of General Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 洁 潘
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院综合科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 北京 100081Department of General Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Myran L, Sen A, Willumsen T, Havnen A, Kvist T, Rønneberg A, Dahllöf G, Høvik H. Associations of adverse childhood experiences with caries and toothbrushing in adolescents. The Young-HUNT4 Survey. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:760. [PMID: 37838651 PMCID: PMC10576322 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor oral health. Using a life course theoretical framework, this study explored the associations of specific and cumulative ACEs with caries and toothbrushing frequency in a Norwegian adolescent population. METHODS Participants were adolescents (n = 6351) age 13-17 years from The Young-HUNT4 Survey. Clinical data were retrieved from dental health records. Oral health outcomes were toothbrushing frequency, dentine caries experience (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth - DMFT), and enamel caries. ACE exposure variables were physical abuse, sexual abuse, witness to violence, parental separation/divorce, parental alcohol problems, and bully victimization. Negative binominal regression models (incident rate ratios, IRRs; 95% confidence intervals, CIs) were used to determine the associations of the various ACEs with caries; logistic regression analyses (odds ratios, ORs; 95% CIs) were used to estimate associations with toothbrushing frequency. Potential effect modification by age was assessed using likelihood ratio test. RESULTS Adolescents exposed to physical abuse by others, sexual abuse by peers, parental separation/divorce, bullying, or who had witnessed violence, were more likely to report non-daily toothbrushing compared with those with no exposure to the given ACEs. Each cumulative increase in ACE exposure was associated with a 30% higher likelihood of non-daily toothbrushing (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.19-1.42). Similarly, increasing number of adversities were associated with both higher dentine caries experience (IRR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09) and higher enamel caries (IRR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11). This effect was modified by age (13-15 vs. 16-17 years) for dentine caries experience. Furthermore, there was evidence of effect modification by age with bully victimization for both toothbrushing frequency (Pinteraction = 0.014) and dentine caries experience (Pinteraction < 0.001). Specifically, bully victimization was associated with a higher likelihood of non-daily toothbrushing (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.80-3.72) and higher dentine caries experience (IRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14-1.50) among 16-17-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS Several specific ACEs were associated with non-daily toothbrushing and a higher caries experience among Norwegian adolescents in the Young-HUNT4 Survey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Myran
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Abhijit Sen
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tiril Willumsen
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Behavioural Science and Forensic Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Audun Havnen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Nidaros Community Mental Health Centre, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Therese Kvist
- Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Pediatric Oral Health Research, Stockholm, Sweden
- ME barnakutsjukvård, Astrid Lindgrens Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Rønneberg
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Behavioural Science and Forensic Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Göran Dahllöf
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hedda Høvik
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yang M, Xu J, Chen X, Liu L, Kong D, Yang Y, Chen W, Li Z, Zhang X. Sex-based influential factors for dental caries in patients with schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:735. [PMID: 37817127 PMCID: PMC10566046 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a common mental disorder that seriously affects patients' daily lives and brings heavy psychological and economic burdens to their families and society. The oral problems of patients with schizophrenia are gradually gaining attention, among which dental caries are among the most common oral diseases. Sex differences may be related not only to the various clinical symptoms of schizophrenia but also to different oral hygiene statuses; therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to investigate sex differences related to influencing factors for dental caries in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD Inpatients with schizophrenia over 18 years old were included in this study, and multidimensional indicators such as demographics, symptom and cognitive impairment assessments, medications, and the caries index of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) were collected. An analysis of sex-based influential factors for dental caries in schizophrenia patients was performed. RESULTS Four-hundred and ninety-six patients with schizophrenia were included, with a mean age of 46.73 ± 12.23 years, of which 142 were females and 354 were males. The mean DMFT was significantly higher in males (8.81 ± 8.50) than in females (5.63 ± 6.61, p < 0.001), and the odd ratio of caries in males to females was significantly higher as well (OR = 2.305, p < 0.001). The influential factors of caries in male patients were independently associated with age and smoking status, in which current smokers were at the highest risk for developing caries, and different smoking statuses had various influencing factors for caries. The influencing factors for caries in female patients were independently associated with age, antipsychotic dose, PANSS-positive symptoms, and MMSE levels. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest sex differences exist among influential factors for caries in patients with schizophrenia. These risk factors may even be associated with and affect the treatment and prognosis of psychiatric symptoms in patients. Therefore, oral hygiene management of patients with schizophrenia should be enhanced. These differential factors provide new visions and ideas for formulating individual interventions, treatments, and care priorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, No.8 Huli-West 1st-Alley, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610036 China
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Qingshuihe Campus: No.2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 611731 China
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Qingshuihe Campus: No.2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao mental health center, No. 299, Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266034 China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao mental health center, No. 299, Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266034 China
| | - Liju Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Qingshuihe Campus: No.2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Di Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, No.8 Huli-West 1st-Alley, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610036 China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, No.8 Huli-West 1st-Alley, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610036 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, No.8 Huli-West 1st-Alley, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610036 China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Nutritional and Metabolic Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370 China
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370 China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370 China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schwendicke F, Bombeck L. Cost-effectiveness of school-based caries screening using transillumination. J Dent 2023; 137:104635. [PMID: 37541420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES School-based screening for caries lesions usually only employs visual-tactile detection means (standard of care). Near-infrared-light-transillumination (NILT) could be used to support school-based screening and to identify early proximal caries, facilitating referral and appropriate non- or micro-invasive management in dental practice. METHOD We assessed the cost-effectiveness of NILT for school-based caries screening. A German mixed-payers' perspective was adopted. A Markov model was used to simulate the consequences of true and false positive and negative detections and the subsequent decisions over the lifetime of initially 12 years old patients. Our health outcome was tooth retention in years. Costs were measured in Euro 2020. Monte-Carlo-microsimulations, univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and the cost-effectiveness-acceptability at different willingness-to-pay-thresholds were quantified. RESULTS NILT was minimally more effective (tooth retention for a mean (2.5-97.5%) 56 (53-59) years) and minimally less costly (515 (416-616) Euro) than standard of care (56 (50-59) years; 526 (427-628 Euro)). The ICER was -503 Euro/year, i.e. school-based caries screening using NILT saved money at higher effectiveness in the modelled population. The cost-effectiveness of NILT increased for payers with a willingness-to-pay for additional tooth retention time. The biggest driver of costs were (avoided) tooth replacements later in life. CONCLUSIONS NILT-based screening is likely to yield limited effectiveness gains and cost savings in the modelled populations. In countries where regular practice-based screening of children is less common than in Germany, the cost-effectiveness of NILT for school-based caries screening is likely higher. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE NILT-based caries screening in German schools is unlikely to be cost-effective. In countries with different utilization patterns or generally higher caries prevalence and risk, this may differ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lisa Bombeck
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zheng FM, Yan IG, Duangthip D, Lo ECM, Gao SS, Chu CH. Caries Prevention Using Silver Diamine Fluoride: A 12-Month Clinical Trial. Int Dent J 2023; 73:667-673. [PMID: 36682908 PMCID: PMC10509425 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This clinical trial aimed to compare the caries-preventive effect of annual application of 38% silver diamine fluoride solution (SDF) with 5% sodium fluoride varnish (FV) to the anterior primary teeth of children. The hypothesis was that SDF was superior to FV at 1 year. Secondary objectives were to determine the child's cooperation and the parent's satisfaction and assess adverse effects. METHOD We recruited 688 3- to 4-year-old children and randomly allocated them to receive SDF or FV (positive control) on their 6 upper anterior teeth. Tooth-surface status was recorded using the decayed, missing, and filled surfaces index. A trained observer rated the child's cooperation as "totally cooperative" or "not totally cooperative." We used a questionnaire to determine the parent's satisfaction as "satisfied," "neutral," or "dissatisfied." Adverse effects (yes/no) were evaluated 1 day and about 1 year after treatment. RESULTS Of the children, 434 (SDF, n = 209; FV, n = 225) completed the trial. The mean new decayed tooth surfaces developed for SDF and FV groups were 0.4 ± 1.5 and 0.4 ± 1.3, respectively (P = .65). Child's cooperation for SDF and FV therapy was 71% (244/344) and 70% (241/344), respectively (P = .89). Parent's satisfaction for SDF and FV therapy was 71% (148/209) and 69% (155/225), respectively (P = .29). Adverse effects were found neither at 1 day nor at about 1 year after treatment for either treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS SDF is not superior to FV for caries prevention in primary upper anterior teeth at 1-year follow-up. Child's cooperation and parent's satisfaction were similarly high with SDF and FV therapy at 1-year follow-up. Neither short-term nor long-term adverse effects were observed. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04399369).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iliana Gehui Yan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Sherry Shiqian Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gong SG, El-Shennawy S, Choudhary P, Dufour D, Lévesque CM. Antimicrobial activity of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius LAB813 on in vitro cariogenic biofilms. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 154:105760. [PMID: 37421828 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial activity of a novel commensal strain of Streptococcus salivarius, LAB813, against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. METHODS The inhibitory activity of LAB813 towards S. mutans was tested using mono-, dual-, and multi-species cariogenic biofilms formed on three types of orthodontic appliances (metal, ceramic, aligner). The activity of the commercially available probiotic, BLIS M18™ was used as control. RESULTS LAB813 significantly inhibited S. mutans biofilms with cell killing approximating 99% for all materials. LAB813 showed effectiveness at inhibiting S. mutans in more complex multi-species biofilms with cell killing approximating 90% for all three materials. When comparing the killing kinetics of the probiotics, LAB813 had a faster rate of killing biofilms than M18. Experiments conducted with cell-free culture supernatant confirmed the presence of an inhibitory substance of proteinaceous nature. The addition of xylitol, a common sugar substitute used for human consumption, potentiated the inhibitory effects of LAB813 against S. mutans embedded in a more complex fungal-bacterial biofilm. CONCLUSIONS LAB813 possesses strong antimicrobial activity, potent anti-biofilm properties, and enhanced antimicrobial activity in the presence of xylitol. The identification and characterization of strain LAB813 exhibiting antimicrobial activity towards S. mutans hold exciting promise for this novel strain to be developed as an oral probiotic for use in the prevention of dental caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siew-Ging Gong
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sally El-Shennawy
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Delphine Dufour
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Céline M Lévesque
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Su S, Qi T, Wang W, Salama ES, Li Y. Investigation of the oral microbiome of children associated with dental caries: A systematic study. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 154:105776. [PMID: 37540967 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the variations in dental caries (DC) related microbiome abnormality and metabolomics shift in children. DESIGN The patients were divided into two groups healthy control (C) and highly affected DC children based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Saliva samples were collected and used for the taxonomic and functional characterization of oral microbiota. RESULTS Metatranscriptomics analysis revealed the alterations and composition of oral microbiota in the C and DC groups. Relative abundance in the C group was associated with Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Whereas, the microbial composition in the DC group was found to be considerably altered with increases in the abundance of the Proteobacteria (25%), Fusobacteria (15%), and Cyanobacteria (8%) while decreases in the abundance of Firmicutes (10%) and Bacteroidetes (23%). Alterations in the phylum composition were positively and negatively correlated with several metabolites of sugars (such as fructose, sorbose, ribose, allose, and mannose) and amino acids (such as arginine, lysine, tryptophan, and proline). Moreover, in comparison with the C group, the metabolic shift of the DC group was different with an increase in certain tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates levels, and a decrease in fatty acid. Such alterations can enhance the growth of oral pathogens and contribute to DC development. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that an altered abundance of Actinobacillus, Fusobacterium, and Shuttleworthia can serve as biomarkers of DC in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaochen Su
- Healthy Examination & Management Center, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Tao Qi
- Department of Stomatology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|