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Aulova KS, Urusov AE, Toporkova LB, Sedykh SE, Shevchenko YA, Tereshchenko VP, Sennikov SV, Budde T, Meuth SG, Orlovskaya IA, Nevinsky GA. Catalytic antibodies in the bone marrow and other organs of Th mice during spontaneous development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis associated with cell differentiation. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1055-1068. [PMID: 33595783 PMCID: PMC7925503 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Exact mechanisms of autoimmune disease development are still yet unknown. However, it is known that the development of autoimmune diseases is associated with defects in the immune system, namely, the violation of the bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiation profiles. Different characteristics of autoimmune reaction development in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) prone Th mice characterizing T-lymphocytes response were analyzed using standard approaches. Profiles of several HSCs differentiation of bone marrow (BFU-E, CFU-E, CFU-GM, CFU-GEMM, T- and B-lymphocytes) of Th male and female mice during spontaneous development of EAE were noticeably different. Patterns of total lymphocytes, B- and T-cells proliferation in several different organs (bone marrow, blood, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes) were also remarkably different. In addition, there were in time noticeable differences in their changes for some organs of male and female mice. Characters of changes in the profiles of CD4 and CD8 cells proliferation in some organs not always coincide with those for total T lymphocytes. The changes in the differentiation profiles of HSCs and the level of lymphocytes proliferation in the bone marrow and other organs were associated with the increase in the concentration of antibodies against DNA, myelin basic protein, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and catalytic antibodies hydrolyzing these substrates. Despite some differences in changes in the analyzed parameters, in general, the spontaneous development of EAE in male and female mice occurs to some extent in a comparable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya S Aulova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey E Urusov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila B Toporkova
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey E Sedykh
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuliya A Shevchenko
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valery P Tereshchenko
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergei V Sennikov
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institut Für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, 48149, Munster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Munster, Germany
| | - Irina A Orlovskaya
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Planque SA, Massey RJ, Paul S. Catalytic antibody (catabody) platform for age-associated amyloid disease: From Heisenberg's uncertainty principle to the verge of medical interventions. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 185:111188. [PMID: 31783036 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Quantum mechanics-based design of useful catalytic antibodies (catabodies) failed because of the uncertain structure of the dynamic catalyst-substrate complex. The Catabody Platform emerged from discovery of beneficial germline gene catabodies that hydrolyzed self-proteins by transient covalent pairing of the strong catabody nucleophile with a weak target protein electrophile. Catabodies have evolved by Darwinian natural selection for protection against misfolded self-proteins that threatened survival by causing amyloid disease. Ancient antibody scaffolds upregulate the catalytic activity of the antibody variable (V) domains. Healthy humans universally produce beneficial catabodies specific for at least 3 misfolded self-proteins, transthyretin, amyloid β peptide and tau protein. Catabody are superior to ordinary antibodies because of catalyst reuse for thousands of target destruction cycles with little or no risk of causing inflammation, a must for non-toxic removal of abundant targets such as amyloids. Library mining with electrophilic target analogs (ETAs) isolates therapy-grade catabodies (fast, specific). Ex vivo- and in vivo-verified catabodies specific for the misfolded protein are available to dissolve brain, cardiac and vertebral amyloids. Immunization with ETAs overcomes important ordinary vaccine limitations (no catabody induction, poor immunogenicity of key target epitopes). We conceive electrophilic longevity vaccines that can induce catabody synthesis for long-lasting protection against amyloid disease.
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Cappelletti F, Clementi N, Mancini N, Clementi M, Burioni R. Virus-induced preferential antibody gene-usage and its importance in humoral autoimmunity. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:138-43. [PMID: 25857210 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is known that even the adaptive components of the immune system are based on genetic traits common to all individuals, and that diversity is shaped by the lifelong contacts with different non-self antigens, including those found on infectious pathogens. Besides the individual differences, some of these common traits may be more prone to react against a given antigen, and this may be exploited by the infectious pathogens. Indeed, viral infections can deregulate immune response by subverting antibody (Ab) gene usage, leading to the overexpression of specific Ab subfamilies. This overexpression often results in a protective antiviral response but, in some cases, also correlates with a higher likelihood of developing humoral autoimmune disorders. These aspects of virus-induced autoimmunity have never been thoroughly reviewed, and this is the main purpose of this review. An accurate examination of virus specific Ab subfamilies elicited during infections may help further characterize the complex interplay between viruses and the humoral immune response, and be useful in the design of future monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based anti-infective prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cappelletti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Burioni
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
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Zhong G, Shabat D, List B, Anderson J, Sinha SC, Lerner RA, Barbas Iii CF. Catalytic Enantioselective Retro-Aldol Reactions: Kinetic Resolution of β-Hydroxyketones with Aldolase Antibodies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1998; 37:2481-2484. [PMID: 29711357 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(19981002)37:18<2481::aid-anie2481>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/1997] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High enantiomeric enrichment after 50% conversion: Racemates of aldols can be resolved by the title reaction [Eq.(1)] by use of the aldolase antibody 38C2 or 33F12; the ee values of the unconverted aldols are greater than 95% in most cases. Since the antibodies also catalyze the aldol reaction-that is, the reverse reaction-it is possible to prepare both enantiomers using the same antibody catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zhong
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and, the Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 619-784-9098
| | - Doron Shabat
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and, the Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 619-784-9098
| | - Benjamin List
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and, the Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 619-784-9098
| | - James Anderson
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and, the Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 619-784-9098
| | - Subhash C Sinha
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and, the Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 619-784-9098
| | - Richard A Lerner
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and, the Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 619-784-9098
| | - Carlos F Barbas Iii
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and, the Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 619-784-9098
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