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Fiama das Neves Ortiz S, Verdan R, Rocha GM, Miranda K, Benchimol M. The parabasal filaments of Trichomonas vaginalis: A new filament and observations using 0.8 nm-resolution scanning electron microscopy. J Struct Biol X 2024; 9:100099. [PMID: 38487378 PMCID: PMC10937234 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2024.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide, with an estimated 260 million new cases annually. T. vaginalis contains organelles common to all eukaryotic cells, uncommon cell structures such as hydrogenosomes, and a complex and elaborate cytoskeleton constituting the mastigont system. The mastigont system is mainly formed by several proteinaceous structures associated with basal bodies, the pelta-axostylar complex made of microtubules, and striated filaments named the costa and the parabasal filaments (PFs). Although the structural organization of trichomonad cytoskeletons has been analyzed using several techniques, observation using a new generation of scanning electron microscopes with a resolution exceeding 1 nm has allowed more detailed visualization of the three-dimensional organization of the mastigont system. In this study, we have investigated the cytoskeleton of T. vaginalis using a diverse range of scanning probe microscopy techniques, which were complemented by electron tomography and Fast-Fourier methods. This multi-modal approach has allowed us to characterize an unknown parabasal filament and reveal the ultrastructure of other striated fibers that have not been published before. Here, we show the differences in origin, striation pattern, size, localization, and additional details of the PFs, thus improving the knowledge of the cell biology of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Fiama das Neves Ortiz
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raphael Verdan
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Miranda Rocha
- Unidade de Pesquisa Urogenital, Centro Biomédico, Departamento de Anatomia, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kildare Miranda
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- CENABIO - Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Multiusuário para Análise de Fenômenos Biomédicos, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marlene Benchimol
- CENABIO - Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- UNIGRANRIO-Universidade da Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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2
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Buchan JR. Stress granule and P-body clearance: Seeking coherence in acts of disappearance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 159-160:10-26. [PMID: 38278052 PMCID: PMC10939798 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Stress granules and P-bodies are conserved cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates whose assembly and composition are well documented, but whose clearance mechanisms remain controversial or poorly described. Such understanding could provide new insight into how cells regulate biomolecular condensate formation and function, and identify therapeutic strategies in disease states where aberrant persistence of stress granules in particular is implicated. Here, I review and compare the contributions of chaperones, the cytoskeleton, post-translational modifications, RNA helicases, granulophagy and the proteasome to stress granule and P-body clearance. Additionally, I highlight the potentially vital role of RNA regulation, cellular energy, and changes in the interaction networks of stress granules and P-bodies as means of eliciting clearance. Finally, I discuss evidence for interplay of distinct clearance mechanisms, suggest future experimental directions, and suggest a simple working model of stress granule clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ross Buchan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85716, United States.
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Li H, Liu J, Nong W, Shen M, Dou S, Sun S, Wang J. Aluminum exposure impairs oocyte quality via subcellular structure disruption and DNA damage-related apoptosis in mice. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:308-319. [PMID: 38105057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) can lead to an exposure of creature in varieties ways for its universality, and it could disturb normal physiological metabolism, with the damage to multisystem including reproduction. Since the oocyte quality is critical for female reproduction, we inspected the toxicity of Al on mouse oocyte maturation. We constructed in vitro exposure mouse model, and we found that 5 mmol/L Al had adverse effects on oocyte maturation by impairing organelle and cytoskeleton. Aberrant spindle and misaligned chromosomes which might be considered to be caused by elevated levels of acetylation, as well as abnormal distribution of actin dynamics could hinder normal meiosis of oocytes. Organelle dysfunction indicated that Al affected proteins synthesis, transport and digestion, which would further damage oocyte maturation. In order to explore the mechanism of Al toxicity, our further investigation demonstrated that Al caused mitochondrial dysfunction and imbalance calcium homeostasis, resulting in limited energy supply. Moreover, high level of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and apoptosis caused by oxidative stress were also the manifestation of Al toxicity on oocytes. In conclusion, our study provided the evidence that Al exposure affected oocyte quality through its effects on spindle organization, actin dynamics, organelle function and the induction of DNA damage-related apoptosis with mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongge Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi 533000, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingcai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weihua Nong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Mengying Shen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Sheng Dou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Shaochen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Junli Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi 533000, China; School of Medical Laboratory, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi 533000, China; Industrial College of Biomedicine and Health Industry, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi 533000, China; Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi 533000, China.
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4
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Pandey S, Miller CA. Targeting the cytoskeleton as a therapeutic approach to substance use disorders. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107143. [PMID: 38499081 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) are chronic relapsing disorders governed by continually shifting cycles of positive drug reward experiences and drug withdrawal-induced negative experiences. A large body of research points to plasticity within systems regulating emotional, motivational, and cognitive processes as drivers of continued compulsive pursuit and consumption of substances despite negative consequences. This plasticity is observed at all levels of analysis from molecules to networks, providing multiple avenues for intervention in SUD. The cytoskeleton and its regulatory proteins within neurons and glia are fundamental to the structural and functional integrity of brain processes and are potentially the major drivers of the morphological and behavioral plasticity associated with substance use. In this review, we discuss preclinical studies that provide support for targeting the brain cytoskeleton as a therapeutic approach to SUD. We focus on the interplay between actin cytoskeleton dynamics and exposure to cocaine, methamphetamine, alcohol, opioids, and nicotine and highlight preclinical studies pointing to a wide range of potential therapeutic targets, such as nonmuscle myosin II, Rac1, cofilin, prosapip 1, and drebrin. These studies broaden our understanding of substance-induced plasticity driving behaviors associated with SUD and provide new research directions for the development of SUD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Pandey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Courtney A Miller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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5
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Lankford L, Maddala R, Jablonski MM, Rao PV. Influence of the calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit (CACNA2D1) absence on intraocular pressure in mice. Exp Eye Res 2024; 241:109835. [PMID: 38373629 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The etiology of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), a major risk factor for glaucoma (optic nerve atrophy), is poorly understood despite continued efforts. Although the gene variant of CACNA2D1 (encoding α2δ1), a calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit, has been reported to be associated with primary open-angle glaucoma, and the pharmacological mitigation of α2δ1 activity by pregabalin lowers IOP, the cellular basis for α2δ1 role in the modulation of IOP remains unclear. Our recent findings reveled readily detectable levels of α2δ1 and its ligand thrombospondin in the cytoskeletome fraction of human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. To understand the direct role of α2δ1 in the modulation of IOP, we evaluated α2δ1 null mice for changes in IOP and found a moderate (∼10%) but significant decrease in IOP compared to littermate wild type control mice. Additionally, to gain cellular insights into α2δ1 antagonist (pregabalin) induced IOP changes, we assessed pregabalin's effects on human TM cell actin cytoskeletal organization and cell adhesive interactions in comparison with a Rho kinase inhibitor (Y27632), a known ocular hypotensive agent. Unlike Y27632, pregabalin did not have overt effects on cell morphology, actin cytoskeletal organization, or cell adhesion in human TM cells. These results reveal a modest but significant decrease in IOP in α2δ1 deficient mice, and this response appears to be not associated with the contractile and cell adhesive characteristics of TM cells based on the findings of pregabalin effects on isolated TM cells. Therefore, the mechanism by which pregabalin lowers IOP remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Lankford
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rupalatha Maddala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Monica M Jablonski
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - P Vasantha Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Peng L, Zhang D, Tu H, Wu D, Xiang S, Yang W, Zhao Y, Yang J. The role of Map1b in regulating osteoblast polarity, proliferation, differentiation and migration. Bone 2024; 181:117038. [PMID: 38316337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Osteoblast polarity, proliferation, differentiation, and migration are essential for maintaining normal bone structure and function. While the microtubule-associated protein Map1b has been extensively studied in nerve cells, its role in bone cells is less known. We investigated the functional significance of Map1b in mouse bone marrow stromal cells (ST2) and elucidated its relationship and influence on cytoskeletal polarity and Golgi organization. Our results suggest that Map1b, as a microtubule regulatory protein, can also regulate the expression of cyclin PCNA, p-H3(S10) and migration-related protein integrin β1, thereby affecting the proliferation and migration of osteoblasts. The downstream target gene Rgc32 was screened by RNA sequencing. Furthermore, Map1b, as a downstream mediator, regulates the Wnt5a signaling pathway. This study expands our understanding of the involvement of Map1b in bone biology and highlights its crucial role in governing osteoblast polarity, proliferation, and migration, thereby providing a basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting Map1b in orthopedic medicine and promoting precision treatment modalities. Further investigations on the precise mechanisms underlying Map1b's influence on bone cell function and disease progression are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuaixi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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7
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Dai Y, Zhang M, Liu X, Sun T, Qi W, Ding W, Chen Z, Zhang P, Liu R, Chen H, Chen S, Wang Y, Yue Y, Song N, Wang W, Jia H, Ma Z, Li C, Chen Q, Li B. Salmonella manipulates macrophage migration via SteC-mediated myosin light chain activation to penetrate the gut-vascular barrier. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00076-7. [PMID: 38528181 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica rapidly enters the bloodstream after the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells, but how Salmonella breaks through the gut-vascular barrier is largely unknown. Here, we report that Salmonella enters the bloodstream through intestinal CX3CR1+ macrophages during early infection. Mechanistically, Salmonella induces the migration/invasion properties of macrophages in a manner dependent on host cell actin and on the pathogen effector SteC. SteC recruits host myosin light chain protein Myl12a and phosphorylates its Ser19 and Thr20 residues. Myl12a phosphorylation results in actin rearrangement, and enhanced migration and invasion of macrophages. SteC is able to utilize a wide range of NTPs other than ATP to phosphorylate Myl12a. We further solved the crystal structure of SteC, which suggests an atypical dimerization-mediated catalytic mechanism. Finally, in vivo data show that SteC-mediated cytoskeleton manipulation is crucial for Salmonella breaching the gut vascular barrier and spreading to target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanji Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wenqi Qi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Siyan Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Nannan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Haihong Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongrui Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Cuiling Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China.
| | - Bingqing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China.
- Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Jinan, 250117, China.
- Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117, China.
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Wu XT, Gao XW, Wang QQ, He K, Bilal MS, Dong H, Tang YD, Ding HY, Li YB, Tang XY, Long S. The plant-like protein phosphatase PPKL regulates parasite replication and morphology in Toxoplasma gondii. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:142. [PMID: 38500196 PMCID: PMC10949797 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii encodes dozens of phosphatases, among which a plant-like phosphatase absent from mammalian genomes named PPKL, which is involved in regulating brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis, was identified in the genome. Among the Apicomplexa parasites, T. gondii is an important and representative pathogen in humans and animals. PPKL was previously identified to modulate the apical integrity and morphology of the ookinetes and parasite motility and transmission in another important parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. However, the exact function of PPKL in the asexual stages of T. gondii remains unknown. METHODS The plant auxin-inducible degron (AID) system was applied to dissect the phenotypes of PPKL in T. gondii. We first analyzed the phenotypes of the AID parasites at an induction time of 24 h, by staining of different organelles using their corresponding markers. These analyses were further conducted for the parasites grown in auxin for 6 and 12 h using a quantitative approach and for the type II strain ME49 of AID parasites. To further understand the phenotypes, the potential protein interactions were analyzed using a proximity biotin labeling approach. The essential role of PPKL in parasite replication was revealed. RESULTS PPKL is localized in the apical region and nucleus and partially distributed in the cytoplasm of the parasite. The phenotyping of PPKL showed its essentiality for parasite replication and morphology. Further dissections demonstrate that PPKL is required for the maturation of daughter parasites in the mother cells, resulting in multiple nuclei in a single parasite. The phenotype of the daughter parasites and parasite morphology were observed in another type of T. gondii strain ME49. The substantial defect in parasite replication and morphology could be rescued by genetic complementation, thus supporting its essential function for PPKL in the formation of parasites. The protein interaction analysis showed the potential interaction of PPKL with diverse proteins, thus explaining the importance of PPKL in the parasite. CONCLUSIONS PPKL plays an important role in the formation of daughter parasites, revealing its subtle involvement in the proper maturation of the daughter parasites during division. Our detailed analysis also demonstrated that depletion of PPKL resulted in elongated tubulin fibers in the parasites. The important roles in the parasites are potentially attributed to the protein interaction mediated by kelch domains on the protein. Taken together, these findings contribute to our understanding of a key phosphatase involved in parasite replication, suggesting the potential of this phosphatase as a pharmaceutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ting Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, and School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xu-Wen Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, and School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, and School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai He
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, and School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib Bilal
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, and School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi-Dan Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, and School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui-Yong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, and School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue-Bao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, and School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, and School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shaojun Long
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, and School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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9
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Petitjean II, Tran QD, Goutou A, Kabir Z, Wiche G, Leduc C, Koenderink GH. Reconstitution of cytolinker-mediated crosstalk between actin and vimentin. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151403. [PMID: 38503131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell shape and motility are determined by the cytoskeleton, an interpenetrating network of actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. The biophysical properties of each filament type individually have been studied extensively by cell-free reconstitution. By contrast, the interactions between the three cytoskeletal networks are relatively unexplored. They are coupled via crosslinkers of the plakin family such as plectin. These are challenging proteins for reconstitution because of their giant size and multidomain structure. Here we engineer a recombinant actin-vimentin crosslinker protein called 'ACTIF' that provides a minimal model system for plectin, recapitulating its modular design with actin-binding and intermediate filament-binding domains separated by a coiled-coil linker for dimerisation. We show by fluorescence and electron microscopy that ACTIF has a high binding affinity for vimentin and actin and creates mixed actin-vimentin bundles. Rheology measurements show that ACTIF-mediated crosslinking strongly stiffens actin-vimentin composites. Finally, we demonstrate the modularity of this approach by creating an ACTIF variant with the intermediate filament binding domain of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli. Our protein engineering approach provides a new cell-free system for the biophysical characterization of intermediate filament-binding crosslinkers and for understanding the mechanical synergy between actin and vimentin in mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Istúriz Petitjean
- Department of Bionanoscience & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Quang D Tran
- CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Angeliki Goutou
- Department of Bionanoscience & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Zima Kabir
- Department of Bionanoscience & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile Leduc
- CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France.
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands.
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10
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Sun ZG, Yadav V, Amiri S, Cao W, De La Cruz EM, Murrell M. Cofilin-mediated actin filament network flexibility facilitates 2D to 3D actomyosin shape change. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151379. [PMID: 38168598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The organization of actin filaments (F-actin) into crosslinked networks determines the transmission of mechanical stresses within the cytoskeleton and subsequent changes in cell and tissue shape. Principally mediated by proteins such as α-actinin, F-actin crosslinking increases both network connectivity and rigidity, thereby facilitating stress transmission at low crosslinking yet attenuating transmission at high crosslinker concentration. Here, we engineer a two-dimensional model of the actomyosin cytoskeleton, in which myosin-induced mechanical stresses are controlled by light. We alter the extent of F-actin crosslinking by the introduction of oligomerized cofilin. At pH 6.5, F-actin severing by cofilin is weak, but cofilin bundles and crosslinks filaments. Given its effect of lowering the F-actin bending stiffness, cofilin- crosslinked networks are significantly more flexible and softer in bending than networks crosslinked by α-actinin. Thus, upon local activation of myosin-induced contractile stress, the network bends out-of-plane in contrast to the in-plane compression as observed with networks crosslinked by α-actinin. Here, we demonstrate that local effects on filament mechanics by cofilin introduces novel large-scale network material properties that enable the sculpting of complex shapes in the cell cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Gao Sun
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Vikrant Yadav
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Sorosh Amiri
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Wenxiang Cao
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Enrique M De La Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael Murrell
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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11
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Legere EA, Baumholtz AI, Lachance JFB, Archer M, Piontek J, Ryan AK. Claudin-3 in the non-neural ectoderm is essential for neural fold fusion in chicken embryos. Dev Biol 2024; 507:20-33. [PMID: 38154769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The neural tube, the embryonic precursor to the brain and spinal cord, begins as a flat sheet of epithelial cells, divided into non-neural and neural ectoderm. Proper neural tube closure requires that the edges of the neural ectoderm, the neural folds, to elevate upwards and fuse along the dorsal midline of the embryo. We have previously shown that members of the claudin protein family are required for the early phases of chick neural tube closure. Claudins are transmembrane proteins, localized in apical tight junctions within epithelial cells where they are essential for regulation of paracellular permeability, strongly involved in apical-basal polarity, cell-cell adhesion, and bridging the tight junction to cytoplasmic proteins. Here we explored the role of Claudin-3 (Cldn3), which is specifically expressed in the non-neural ectoderm. We discovered that depletion of Cldn3 causes folic acid-insensitive primarily spinal neural tube defects due to a failure in neural fold fusion. Apical cell surface morphology of Cldn3-depleted non-neural ectodermal cells exhibited increased membrane blebbing and smaller apical surfaces. Although apical-basal polarity was retained, we observed altered Par3 and Pals1 protein localization patterns within the apical domain of the non-neural ectodermal cells in Cldn3-depleted embryos. Furthermore, F-actin signal was reduced at apical junctions. Our data presents a model of spina bifida, and the role that Cldn3 is playing in regulating essential apical cell processes in the non-neural ectoderm required for neural fold fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth-Ann Legere
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Canada; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Amanda I Baumholtz
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Canada; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | | | - Jörg Piontek
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Aimee K Ryan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Canada; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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12
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Oliveira BR, Nehlmeier I, Kempf AM, Venugopalan V, Rehders M, Ceniza MEP, Cavalcanti PADTPV, Hoffmann M, Pöhlmann S, Brix K. Cytoskeletal β-tubulin and cysteine cathepsin L deregulation by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interaction with the neuronal model cell line SH-SY5Y. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00044-0. [PMID: 38432290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mainly infects the respiratory tract but can also target other organs, including the central nervous system. While it was recently shown that cells of the blood-brain-barrier are permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, it remains debated whether neurons can be infected. In this study, we demonstrate that vesicular stomatitis virus particles pseudotyped with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants WT, Alpha, Delta and Omicron enter the neuronal model cell line SH-SY5Y. Cell biological analyses of the pseudo-virus treated cultures showed marked alterations in microtubules of SH-SY5Y cells. Because the changes in β-tubulin occurred in most cells, but only few were infected, we further asked whether interaction of the cells with spike protein might be sufficient to cause molecular and structural changes. For this, SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with trimeric spike proteins for time intervals of up to 24 h. CellProfiler™-based image analyses revealed changes in the intensities of microtubule staining in spike protein-incubated cells. Furthermore, expression of the spike protein-processing protease cathepsin L was found to be up-regulated by wild type, Alpha and Delta spike protein pseudotypes and cathepsin L was found to be secreted from spike protein-treated cells. We conclude that the mere interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 with neuronal cells can affect cellular architecture and proteolytic capacities. The molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induced cytoskeletal changes in neuronal cells remain elusive and require future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo R Oliveira
- Constructor University, School of Science, Campus Ring 1, D-28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Inga Nehlmeier
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Amy Madeleine Kempf
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | - Maren Rehders
- Constructor University, School of Science, Campus Ring 1, D-28759, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Marianne E P Ceniza
- Constructor University, School of Science, Campus Ring 1, D-28759, Bremen, Germany.
| | | | - Markus Hoffmann
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Klaudia Brix
- Constructor University, School of Science, Campus Ring 1, D-28759, Bremen, Germany.
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13
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Zhang C, Yin X, Dong X, Shi M, Xu Y, Gao J, Wang J, Song J, Liu B, Wu K. 2-bromoacetamide exposure impairs oocyte maturation in mice and humans primarily via disrupting the cytoskeleton. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 272:116105. [PMID: 38364760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
2-bromoacetamide (BAcAm) is an emerging class of unregulated disinfection by-products (DBPs), with potent cytogenetic and developmental toxicity in animals. However, whether BAcAm exerts toxic effects on mammalian oocyte quality remains to be elucidate. In this research, we investigated the effect of BAcAm on mouse and human oocyte maturation with an in vitro culture system. Our results revealed that BAcAm exposure hindered the extrusion of the first polar body, disrupted the spindle organization and reduced the competence of embryo development after fertilization in the mouse oocytes. Results of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) showed that 605 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the BAcAm exposed mouse oocytes, among which 366 were up-regulated and 239 were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis further revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi and protein synthesis, DNA damage and apoptosis. We then conducted further tests in these aspects and discovered that BAcAm exposure principally perturbed the function of microtubule and actin cytoskeleton. This finding was confirmed in human oocytes. Overall, our data suggest that BAcAm exposure disturbs the cytoskeleton function, thus impairing oocyte maturation. These data, for the first time, provide a comprehensive view for the toxic effects of BAcAm on oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xueqi Dong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Mingze Shi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuxin Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jiayin Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jinzhu Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Keliang Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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14
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Verdan R, Patricio B, Weismuller G, Miranda K, de Souza W, Benchimol M, Gadelha AP. Characterization of a new extra-axonemal structure in the Giardia intestinalis flagella. J Struct Biol 2024; 216:108064. [PMID: 38280689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The inner structure of the flagella of Giardia intestinalis is similar to that of other organisms, consisting of nine pairs of outer microtubules and a central pair containing radial spokes. Although the 9+2 axonemal structure is conserved, it is not clear whether subregions, including the transition zone, are present in the flagella of this parasite. Giardia axonemes originate from basal bodies and have a lengthy cytosolic portion before becoming active flagella. The region of the emergence of the flagellum is not accompanied by any membrane specialization, as seen in other protozoa. Although Giardia is an intriguing model of study, few works focused on the ultrastructural analysis of the flagella of this parasite. Here, we analyzed the externalization region of the G. intestinalis flagella using ultra-high resolution scanning microscopy (with electrons and ions), atomic force microscopy in liquid medium, freeze fracture, and electron tomography. Our data show that this region possesses a distinctive morphological feature - it extends outward and takes on a ring-like shape. When the plasma membrane is removed, a structure surrounding the axoneme becomes visible in this region. This new extra-axonemal structure is observed in all pairs of flagella of trophozoites and remains attached to the axoneme even when the interconnections between the axonemal microtubules are disrupted. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy provided insights into the arrangement of this structure, contributing to the characterization of the externalization region of the flagella of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Verdan
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Patricio
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Weismuller
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kildare Miranda
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Centro Multiusuário para Análise de Fenômenos Biomédicos, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Centro Multiusuário para Análise de Fenômenos Biomédicos, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marlene Benchimol
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universidade do Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gadelha
- Universidade do Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Diretoria de Metrologia Científica e Industrial, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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15
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Yang Y, Zhou M, Huang Y, Ye X, Mo Y, Huang Y, Wang S. LCP1-mediated cytoskeleton alterations involve in arsenite-triggered malignant phenotype of human immortalized prostate stromal cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114548. [PMID: 38417537 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The connection between continuous arsenic exposure and prostate cancer is already established. However, the exact mechanisms of arsenic tumorigenesis are far from clear. Here, we employed human prostate stromal immortalized cells (WPMY-1) continuous exposure to 1 and 2 μM arsenite for 29 weeks to identify the malignant phenotype and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. As expected, continuous low-dose arsenite exposure led to the malignant phenotype of WPMY-1 cells. Quantitative proteomics identified 517 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), of which the most remarkably changed proteins (such as LCP1 and DDX58, etc.) and the bioinformatic analysis were focused on the regulation of cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and migration. Further, cell experiments showed that continuous arsenite exposure altered cytoskeleton structure, enhanced cell adhesive capability, and raised the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ATM, p-ATM, p-ERK1/2, and LCP1 proteins. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment antagonized the increase of LCP1 proteins, and LCP1 knockdown partially restored F-actin organization caused by arsenic. Overall, the results demonstrated that ROS-ATM-ERK1/2 signaling pathway was involved in the activation of LCP1, leading to cytoskeleton alterations. These alterations are believed to play a significant role in arsenite-triggered tumor microenvironment cell-acquired malignant phenotype, which could provide potential biomarkers with therapeutic implications for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Yang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Menghan Zhou
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yurun Huang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaotong Ye
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yingxi Mo
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China.
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16
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Otani T, Mizokami A, Takeuchi H, Inai T, Hirata M. The role of adhesion molecules in osteocalcin-induced effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024; 1871:119701. [PMID: 38417588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that uncarboxylated osteocalcin (GluOC) promotes glucose and lipid metabolism via its putative receptor GPRC6A; however, its direct effect on adipocytes remains elusive. In this study, we elucidated the effects of GluOC on adipocytes, with an emphasis on the role of cell adhesion molecules. We determined that GluOC promoted the expression of adipocyte adhesion molecule (ACAM) and its transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 and enhanced the cortical actin filament assembly, which ameliorated lipid droplet hypertrophy. Additionally, GluOC upregulated the expression of integrin αVβ3 and activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and prevented insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) degradation by inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system via the FAK-PLC-PKC axis, which activated IRS1-Akt-mediated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) transport. Furthermore, we showed that GluOC elevated the expression of the insulin-independent glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT8, which facilitated insulin stimulation-independent glucose transport. The GluOC-induced activation of integrin αVβ3 signaling promoted microtubule assembly, which improved glucose and lipid metabolism via its involvement in intracellular vesicular transport. GluOC treatment also suppressed collagen type 1 formation, which might prevent adipose tissue fibrosis in obese individuals. Overall, our results imply that GluOC promotes glucose and lipid metabolism via ACAM, integrin αVβ3, and GLUT1 and 8 expression, directly affecting adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Otani
- Division of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
| | - Akiko Mizokami
- Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Division of Applied Pharmacology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Tetsuichiro Inai
- Division of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
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17
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Cheng T, Mariappan A, Langner E, Shim K, Gopalakrishnan J, Mahjoub MR. Inhibiting centrosome clustering reduces cystogenesis and improves kidney function in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172047. [PMID: 38385746 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a monogenic disorder accounting for approximately 5% of patients with renal failure, yet therapeutics for the treatment of ADPKD remain limited. ADPKD tissues display abnormalities in the biogenesis of the centrosome, a defect that can cause genome instability, aberrant ciliary signaling, and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Cystic cells form excess centrosomes via a process termed centrosome amplification (CA), which causes abnormal multipolar spindle configurations, mitotic catastrophe, and reduced cell viability. However, cells with CA can suppress multipolarity via "centrosome clustering," a key mechanism by which cells circumvent apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that inhibiting centrosome clustering can counteract the proliferation of renal cystic cells with high incidences of CA. Using ADPKD human cells and mouse models, we show that preventing centrosome clustering with 2 inhibitors, CCB02 and PJ34, blocks cyst initiation and growth in vitro and in vivo. Inhibiting centrosome clustering activates a p53-mediated surveillance mechanism leading to apoptosis, reduced cyst expansion, decreased interstitial fibrosis, and improved kidney function. Transcriptional analysis of kidneys from treated mice identified pro-inflammatory signaling pathways implicated in CA-mediated cystogenesis and fibrosis. Our results demonstrate that centrosome clustering is a cyst-selective target for the improvement of renal morphology and function in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aruljothi Mariappan
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ewa Langner
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kyuhwan Shim
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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18
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Crater JM, Dunn D, Nixon DF, O’Brien RLF. HIV-1 Mediated Cortical Actin Disruption Mirrors ARP2/3 Defects Found in Primary T Cell Immunodeficiencies. bioRxiv 2024:2023.07.27.550856. [PMID: 38405733 PMCID: PMC10888893 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.27.550856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
During cell movement, cortical actin balances mechanical and osmotic forces to maintain cell function while providing the scaffold for cell shape. Migrating CD4+ T cells have a polarized structure with a leading edge containing dynamic branched and linear F-actin structures that bridge intracellular components to surface adhesion molecules. These actin structures are complemented with a microtubular network beaded with membrane bound organelles in the trailing uropod. Disruption of actin structures leads to dysregulated migration and changes in morphology of affected cells. In HIV-1 infection, CD4+ T cells have dysregulated movement. However, the precise mechanisms by which HIV-1 affects CD4+ T cell movement are unknown. Here, we show that HIV-1 infection of primary CD4+ T cells causes at least four progressive morphological differences as a result of virally induced cortical cytoskeleton disruption, shown by ultrastructural and time lapse imaging. Infection with a ΔNef virus partially abrogated the dysfunctional phenotype in infected cells and partially restored a wild-type shape. The pathological morphologies after HIV-1 infection phenocopy leukocytes which contain genetic determinants of specific T cell Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) or Primary Immunodeficiencies (PID) that affect the actin cytoskeleton. To identify potential actin regulatory pathways that may be linked to the morphological deformities, uninfected CD4+ T cell morphology was characterized following addition of small molecule chemical inhibitors. The ARP2/3 inhibitor CK-666 recapitulated three of the four abnormal morphologies we observed in HIV-1 infected cells. Restoring ARP2/3 function and cortical actin integrity in people living with HIV-1 infection is a new avenue of investigation to eradicate HIV-1 infected cells from the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Crater
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas F. Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert L. Furler O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Hsieh TB, Jin JP. Loss of Calponin 2 causes premature ovarian insufficiency in mice. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:37. [PMID: 38336796 PMCID: PMC10854048 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a condition defined as women developing menopause before 40 years old. These patients display low ovarian reserve at young age and difficulties to conceive even with assisted reproductive technology. The pathogenesis of ovarian insufficiency is not fully understood. Genetic factors may underlie most of the cases. Actin cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in ovarian folliculogenesis. Calponin 2 encoded by the Cnn2 gene is an actin associated protein that regulates motility and mechanical signaling related cellular functions. RESULTS The present study compared breeding of age-matched calponin 2 knockout (Cnn2-KO) and wild type (WT) mice and found that Cnn2-KO mothers had significantly smaller litter sizes. Ovaries from 4 weeks old Cnn2-KO mice showed significantly lower numbers of total ovarian follicles than WT control with the presence of multi-oocyte follicles. Cnn2-KO mice also showed age-progressive earlier depletion of ovarian follicles. Cnn2 expression is detected in the cumulus cells of the ovarian follicles of WT mice and colocalizes with actin stress fiber, tropomyosin and myosin II in primary cultures of cumulus cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that the loss of calponin 2 impairs ovarian folliculogenesis with premature depletion of ovarian follicles. The role of calponin 2 in ovarian granulosa cells suggests a molecular target for further investigations on the pathogenesis of POI and for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Bou Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Jin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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20
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Wang L, Tsakiroglou P, Gonzales R, Cho S, Li A, Dos Remedios C, Wright N, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A. Essential role of obscurin kinase-1 in cardiomyocyte coupling via N-cadherin phosphorylation. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e162178. [PMID: 38127465 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obscurins are giant cytoskeletal proteins with structural and regulatory roles. Obscurin-B (~870 kDa), the largest known isoform, contains 2 enzymatically active Ser/Thr kinase (kin) domains, kin1 and kin2, which belong to the myosin light chain kinase family. Kin1 binds to and phosphorylates N-cadherin, a major component of the intercalated disc, the unique sarcolemmal microdomain that mediates the mechanochemical coupling of adjacent cardiomyocytes. Obscurin-B containing kin1 and N-cadherin colocalize at cell junctions in embryonic rat ventricular myocytes (ERVMs), and their codistribution is regulated by Ca2+. Phosphoproteomics analysis revealed that obscurin-kin1 phosphorylates N-cadherin at Ser-788 located within the juxtamembrane region of its cytoplasmic domain, with an apparent Kcat of approximately 5.05 min-1. Overexpression of obscurin-kin1 or phosphomimic-Ser-788-Glu N-cadherin in ERVMs markedly increases cell adhesion and chemical coupling. Importantly, phosphomimic Ser-788-Glu N-cadherin exhibits significantly reduced binding to p120-catenin, while overexpression of phosphoablated Ser-788-Ala N-cadherin increases RhoA activity. Consistent with an essential role of the obscurin-kin1/N-cadherin axis in cardiomyocyte coupling, it is deregulated in end-stage human heart failure. Given the nearly ubiquitous expression of obscurin and N-cadherin, our findings may have broad applicability in deciphering the obscurin-kin1/N-cadherin axis that likely mediates cell coupling in diverse tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Panagiotis Tsakiroglou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rex Gonzales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Suhan Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Sydney Heart Bank, University of Sydney, Australia
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cristobal Dos Remedios
- Sydney Heart Bank, University of Sydney, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
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21
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Khounsaraki GM, Movahedi M, Oscuii HN, Voloshin A. Analysis of the Adherent Cell Response to the Substrate Stiffness Using Tensegrity. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03447-7. [PMID: 38324074 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Cell's shape is dependent on the cytoskeleton mechanical properties. Hybrid models were developed that combine the discrete structure for the cytoskeleton and continuum parts for other cell organelles. Tensegrity-based structures that consist of tensile and compression elements are useful models to understand the cytoskeleton mechanical behavior. In this study, we are looking to examine the reaction of the cell to a variety of substrate stiffnesses and explain the relationship between cell behavior and substrate mechanical properties. However, which tensegrity structure is appropriate for modeling a living cell? Is the structure's complexity play a major role? We used two spherical tensegrities with different complexities to assess the impact of the structure on the cell's mechanical response versus substrate's stiffness. Six- and twelve-strut tensegrities together with membrane, cytoplasm, nucleoskeleton, and nucleus envelope were assembled in Abaqus package to create a hybrid cell model. A compressive load was applied to the cell model and the reaction forces versus deflection curves were analyzed for number of substrate stiffness values. By analyzing the difference due to two different tensegrities it became clear that the lower density structure is a better choice for modeling stiffer cells. It was also found that the six-strut tensegrity is sensitive to higher range of substrate stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arkady Voloshin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18017, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18017, USA.
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22
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Wu MA, Locatelli L, Cogliati C, Colombo R, Maier JA. Unlocking endothelial barrier restoration: FX06 in systemic capillary leak syndrome and beyond. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116147. [PMID: 38237347 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability is a prevalent feature in a wide spectrum of clinical conditions, but no effective treatments to restore the endothelial barrier are available. Idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome (ISCLS) is a life-threatening Paroxysmal Permeability Disorder characterized by abrupt, massive plasma extravasation. This condition serves as a robust model for investigating therapeutic approaches targeting interendothelial junctions. We conducted a single-center, interventional in vitro study at the Referral Center for ISCLS in Italy, involving four diagnosed ISCLS patients, aiming at investigating the effects of FX06, a Bβ15-42 fibrin-derived peptide binding to VE-Cadherin, on endothelial barrier exposed to intercritical and acute ISCLS sera. The Transwell Permeability Assay was used to assess the permeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to ISCLS sera with or without FX06 (50 µg/ml). Acute ISCLS serum was also tested in a three-dimensional microfluidic device. Nitric oxide (NO), VE-Cadherin localization, and cytoskeletal organization were also assessed. In two and three-dimensional systems, ISCLS sera increased endothelial permeability, with a more pronounced effect for acute sera. Furthermore, acute sera altered VE-Cadherin localization and cytoskeletal organization. NO levels remained unchanged. FX06 restored the endothelial barrier function by influencing cellular localization rather than VE-Cadherin levels. In conclusion, FX06 prevents and reverts the hyperpermeability induced by ISCLS sera. These preliminary yet promising results provide initial evidence of the in vitro efficacy of a drug targeting the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of ISCLS. Moreover, this approach may hold potential for addressing hyperpermeability in a spectrum of clinical conditions beyond ISCLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Alessandra Wu
- Division of Internal Medicine, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Locatelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cogliati
- Division of Internal Medicine, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Colombo
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeanette A Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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23
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Sventitskaya MA, Ogneva IV. Reorganization of the mouse oocyte' cytoskeleton after cultivation under simulated weightlessness. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2024; 40:8-18. [PMID: 38245351 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Female germ cells provide the structural basis for the development of a new organism, while the main molecular mechanisms of the impact of weightlessness on the cell remain unknown. The aim of this work was to determine the relative content and distribution of the main proteins of microtubules and microfilaments, to assess the relative RNA content of genes in mouse oocytes after short-term exposure to simulated microgravity, and to determine the potential for embryo development up to the 3-cell stage. Before starting the study, BALB/c mice were divided into two groups. One group received water and standard food without any modifications. Before exposure to simulated microgravity, the oocytes of these animals were randomly divided into two groups - c and µg. The second group of animals additionally received essential phospholipids containing at least 80% phosphatidylcholines, per os for 6 weeks before the start of the experiment at a dosage of 350 mg/kg of the animal's body to modify the lipid composition of the oocyte membrane. The obtained oocytes of these animals were also randomly divided into two groups - ce and µge. To determine the protein distribution and its relative content, immunofluorescence analysis was performed, and the RNA content of genes was assessed using real-time PCR with reverse transcription. After cultivation under simulated microgravity, beta-actin and acetylated alpha-tubulin are redistributed from the cortical layer to the central part of the oocyte, and the relative content of acetylated alpha-tubulin and tubulin isoforms decreases. At the same time, the mRNA content of most genes encoding cytoskeletal proteins was significantly higher in comparison with the control level. The use of essential phospholipids led to a decrease in the content of cellular cholesterol in the oocyte and leveled changes in the content and redistribution of acetylated alpha-tubulin and beta-actin after cultivation under simulated microgravity. In addition, after in vitro fertilization and further cultivation under simulated weightlessness, we observed a decrease in the number of embryos that passed the stage of the 2-cell embryo, but while taking essential phospholipids, the number of embryos that reached the 3-cell stage did not differ from the control group. The results obtained show changes in the content and redistribution of cytoskeletal proteins in the oocyte, which may be involved in the process of pronucleus migration, the formation of the fission spindle and the contractile ring under simulated weightlessness, which may be important for normal fertilization and cleavage of the future embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Sventitskaya
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 76a, Khoroshevskoyoeshosse, Moscow, 123007, Russia; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Irina V Ogneva
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 76a, Khoroshevskoyoeshosse, Moscow, 123007, Russia; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
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24
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Park SJ, Song IH, Yeom GS, Nimse SB. The microtubule cytoskeleton: A validated target for the development of 2-Aryl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116106. [PMID: 38181711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of 2-Aryl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were developed to target intra- and extracellular microtubule networks. Compounds O-7 and O-10 showed impressive anti-proliferative activity across various tested cell lines, demonstrating selectivity indexes of 151.7 and 61.9, respectively. O-7 achieved an IC50 value of 0.236 ± 0.096 μM, while O-10 showed an IC50 value of 0.622 ± 0.13 μM against A549 cell lines. The induction of early-stage apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner further underscored the potential of O-7 and O-10 as effective anti-proliferative agents. O-7 and O-10 exhibited substantial inhibition of wound closure, with wound closure percentages decreasing from 23% at 0 μM to 0.43% and 2.62% at 20 μM, respectively. Colony formation reduction rates were impressive, with O-7 at 74.2% and O-10 at 81.2%. These results indicate that the O-7 and O-10 can impede cancer cell migration and have a high potential to curtail colony formation. The mode of action investigations for O-7 and O-10 revealed that O-7 could inhibit in vitro tubulin polymerization and disrupt the intracellular microtubule cytoskeleton. This disruption led to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, indicating that O-7 exerts its anticancer activity through microtubule destabilization. However, O-10 shows a different mode of action than O-7 and requires further investigation. Overall, our study showcases the potential of the synthesized benzimidazole derivatives as novel and selective anticancer agents, motivating further exploration of their pharmacological properties and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jeong Park
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, South Korea
| | - In-Ho Song
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, South Korea
| | - Gyu Seong Yeom
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, South Korea
| | - Satish Balasaheb Nimse
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, South Korea.
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25
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Nambiar A, Manjithaya R. Driving autophagy - the role of molecular motors. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs260481. [PMID: 38329417 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Most of the vesicular transport pathways inside the cell are facilitated by molecular motors that move along cytoskeletal networks. Autophagy is a well-explored catabolic pathway that is initiated by the formation of an isolation membrane known as the phagophore, which expands to form a double-membraned structure that captures its cargo and eventually moves towards the lysosomes for fusion. Molecular motors and cytoskeletal elements have been suggested to participate at different stages of the process as the autophagic vesicles move along cytoskeletal tracks. Dynein and kinesins govern autophagosome trafficking on microtubules through the sequential recruitment of their effector proteins, post-translational modifications and interactions with LC3-interacting regions (LIRs). In contrast, myosins are actin-based motors that participate in various stages of the autophagic flux, as well as in selective autophagy pathways. However, several outstanding questions remain with regard to how the dominance of a particular motor protein over another is controlled, and to the molecular mechanisms that underlie specific disease variants in motor proteins. In this Review, we aim to provide an overview of the role of molecular motors in autophagic flux, as well as highlight their dysregulation in diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders and pathogenic infections, and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Nambiar
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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26
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Jentzsch J, Wunderlich H, Thein M, Bechthold J, Brehm L, Krauss SW, Weiss M, Ersfeld K. Microtubule polyglutamylation is an essential regulator of cytoskeletal integrity in Trypanosoma brucei. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261740. [PMID: 38205672 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tubulin polyglutamylation, catalysed by members of the tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL) protein family, is an evolutionarily highly conserved mechanism involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and function in eukaryotes. In the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, the microtubule cytoskeleton is essential for cell motility and maintaining cell shape. In a previous study, we showed that T. brucei TTLL6A and TTLL12B are required to regulate microtubule dynamics at the posterior cell pole. Here, using gene deletion, we show that the polyglutamylase TTLL1 is essential for the integrity of the highly organised microtubule structure at the cell pole, with a phenotype distinct from that observed in TTLL6A- and TTLL12B-depleted cells. Reduced polyglutamylation in TTLL1-deficient cells also leads to increased levels in tubulin tyrosination, providing new evidence for an interplay between the tubulin tyrosination and detyrosination cycle and polyglutamylation. We also show that TTLL1 acts differentially on specific microtubule doublets of the flagellar axoneme, although the absence of TTLL1 appears to have no measurable effect on cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jentzsch
- Molecular Parasitology, Department of Biology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hannes Wunderlich
- Experimental Physics I, Department of Physics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marinus Thein
- Molecular Parasitology, Department of Biology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Julia Bechthold
- Molecular Parasitology, Department of Biology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lucas Brehm
- Molecular Parasitology, Department of Biology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sebastian W Krauss
- Experimental Physics I, Department of Physics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Weiss
- Experimental Physics I, Department of Physics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Klaus Ersfeld
- Molecular Parasitology, Department of Biology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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27
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Zhang Y, Xu R, Wu J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Yang H, Zhang S. Nanopore-related cellular death through cytoskeleton depolymerization by drug-induced ROS. Talanta 2024; 268:125355. [PMID: 37952317 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignant tumor with a very high incidence which ranks second after lung cancer. Although there are many drugs available for the treatment of PCa, their effectiveness and anti-cancer mechanisms still need to be explored. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) could characterize minor morphological changes on cell surfaces, which provides an effective method to explore the interaction between drugs and cells at the nanometer level and further investigate the mechanisms for treating PCa. In our research, AFM visualized pore-like structures in the PC3M cell membrane after treatment with the eminent anticancer agent paclitaxel (PTX). The diameter, depth and number of these pores were in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was shown to depolymerize the actin cytoskeleton and make the membrane more sensitive to oxidative damage, thus inducing pore information. After pretreatment with a ROS scavenger, pore formation was prevented. AFM imaging technology provides a new evaluation method for drug-targeted therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Renfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Zhenghong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yuhuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Hongqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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Luti S, Militello R, Pinto G, Illiano A, Marzocchini R, Santi A, Becatti M, Amoresano A, Gamberi T, Pellegrino A, Modesti A, Modesti PA. Chronic lactate exposure promotes cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton remodelling. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24719. [PMID: 38312589 PMCID: PMC10835305 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of growing on lactate instead of glucose in human cardiomyocyte assessing their viability, cell cycle activity, oxidative stress and metabolism by a proteomic and metabolomic approach. In previous studies performed on elite players, we found that adaptation to exercise is characterized by a chronic high plasma level of lactate. Lactate is considered not only an energy source but also a signalling molecule and is referred as "lactormone"; heart is one of the major recipients of exogenous lactate. With this in mind, we used a cardiac cell line AC16 to characterize the lactate metabolic profile and investigate the metabolic flexibility of the heart. Interestingly, our data indicated that cardiomyocytes grown on lactate (72 h) show change in several proteins and metabolites linked to cell hypertrophy and cytoskeleton remodelling. The obtained results could help to understand the effect of this metabolite on heart of high-performance athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Luti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Militello
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Illiano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Marzocchini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Santi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Pellegrino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Amedeo Modesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Žugec M, Furlani B, Castañon MJ, Rituper B, Fischer I, Broggi G, Caltabiano R, Barbagallo GMV, Di Rosa M, Tibullo D, Parenti R, Vicario N, Simčič S, Pozo Devoto VM, Stokin GB, Wiche G, Jorgačevski J, Zorec R, Potokar M. Plectin plays a role in the migration and volume regulation of astrocytes: a potential biomarker of glioblastoma. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:14. [PMID: 38263015 PMCID: PMC10807171 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and intermediate filament (IF) proteins is altered in malignant glioblastoma (GBM), yet the expression of the major IF-based cytolinker, plectin (PLEC), and its contribution to GBM migration and invasiveness, are unknown. Here, we assessed the contribution of plectin in affecting the distribution of plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates, migratory properties, and regulation of cell volume in astrocytes. METHODS In human GBM, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), AQP4 and PLEC transcripts was analyzed using publicly available datasets, and the colocalization of PLEC with AQP4 and with GFAP was determined by immunohistochemistry. We performed experiments on wild-type and plectin-deficient primary and immortalized mouse astrocytes, human astrocytes and permanent cell lines (U-251 MG and T98G) derived from a human malignant GBM. The expression of plectin isoforms in mouse astrocytes was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Transfection, immunolabeling and confocal microscopy were used to assess plectin-induced alterations in the distribution of the cytoskeleton, the influence of plectin and its isoforms on the abundance and size of plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates, and the presence of plectin at the plasma membrane. The release of plectin from cells was measured by ELISA. The migration and dynamics of cell volume regulation of immortalized astrocytes were assessed by the wound-healing assay and calcein labeling, respectively. RESULTS A positive correlation was found between plectin and AQP4 at the level of gene expression and protein localization in tumorous brain samples. Deficiency of plectin led to a decrease in the abundance and size of plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates and altered distribution and bundling of the cytoskeleton. Astrocytes predominantly expressed P1c, P1e, and P1g plectin isoforms. The predominant plectin isoform associated with plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates was P1c, which also affected the mobility of astrocytes most prominently. In the absence of plectin, the collective migration of astrocytes was impaired and the dynamics of cytoplasmic volume changes in peripheral cell regions decreased. Plectin's abundance on the plasma membrane surface and its release from cells were increased in the GBM cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Plectin affects cellular properties that contribute to the pathology of GBM. The observed increase in both cell surface and released plectin levels represents a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in the diagnostics and treatment of GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Žugec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Furlani
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maria J Castañon
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Boštjan Rituper
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M V Barbagallo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saša Simčič
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Victorio Martin Pozo Devoto
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gorazd B Stokin
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucestershire NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jorgačevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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徐 茹, 杨 凌, 宋 关. [Plectin Promotes the Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Through Inducing F-actin Polymerization]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2024; 55:60-66. [PMID: 38322534 PMCID: PMC10839499 DOI: 10.12182/20240160106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of plectin and the migration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which plectin expression affects the migration of HCC cells. Methods First of all, Western blot was performed to determine the expression of plectin in normal hepatocytes and HCC cells. Secondly, a plectin-downregulated HCC cell strain was established and the control group (shNC group) and shPLEC group were set up. Each group was divided into a vehicle control group (shNC+DMSO group or shPLEC+DMSO group) and a F-actin cytoskeleton polymerization inducer Jasplakinolide group (shNC+Jasp group or shPLEC+Jasp group). Western blot was performed to determine the expression of plectin and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, including N-cadherin, vimentin, and E-cadherin. HCC cell migration was evaluated by Transwell assay. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) was used to analyze the signaling pathways related to plectin gene. The polymerization of F-actin was analyzed by immunofluorescence assay. Results Compared with the normal hepatocytes, HCC cells showed high expression of plectin. Compared with those in the shNC group, the expression of plectin in the shPLEC group was decreased (P<0.05), the migration ability of HCC cells was weakened (P<0.05), and the EMT process was inhibited (with the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin being decreased and the expression of E-cadherin being increased) (P<0.05). KEGG analysis showed that the regulation of cytoskeletal F-actin was most closely associated with plectin and cytoskeletal F-actin depolymerized in the shPLEC group. After treatment with Jasplakinolide, an inducer of F-actin cytoskeleton polymerization, the migration ability of HCC cells in the shPLEC+Jasp group was enhanced compared with that of shPLEC+DMSO group (P<0.05) and the EMT process was restored (with the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin being increased and the expression of E-cadherin being decreased) (P<0.05). In addition, the polymerization of cytoskeletal F-actin in HCC cells was also restored. Conclusion Plectin is highly expressed in HCC cells. Plectin promotes the migration and the EMT of HCC cells through inducing F-actin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- 茹霜 徐
- 重庆大学生物工程学院 (重庆 400030)College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - 凌霄 杨
- 重庆大学生物工程学院 (重庆 400030)College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - 关斌 宋
- 重庆大学生物工程学院 (重庆 400030)College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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31
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江 文, 钟 健, 欧阳 智, 沈 钧, 邱 艳, 曾 烨. [Spatial Constraints of Rectangular Hydrogel Microgrooves Regulate the Morphology and Arrangement of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2024; 55:87-94. [PMID: 38322512 PMCID: PMC10839481 DOI: 10.12182/20240160402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Objective To construct microscale rectangular hydrogel grooves and to investigate the morphology and alignment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under spatial constraints. Vascular endothelial cell morphology and alignment are important factors in vascular development and the maintenance of homeostasis. Methods A 4-arm polyethylene glycol-acrylate (PEG-acrylate) hydrogel was used to fabricate rectangular microgrooves of the widths of 60 μm, 100 μm, and 140 μm. The sizes and the fibronectin (FN) adhesion of these hydrogel microgrooves were measured. HUVECs were seeded onto the FN-coated microgrooves, while the flat surface without micropatterns was used as the control. After 48 hours of incubation, the morphology and orientation of the cells were examined. The cytoskeleton was labelled with phalloidine and the orientation of the cytoskeleton in the hydrogel microgrooves was observed by laser confocal microscopy. Results The hydrogel microgrooves constructed exhibited uniform and well-defined morphology, a complete structure, and clear edges, with the width deviation being less than 3.5%. The depth differences between the hydrogel microgrooves of different widths were small and the FN adhesion is uniform, providing a micro-patterned growth interface for cells. In the control group, the cells were arranged haphazardly in random orientations and the cell orientation angle was (46.9±1.8)°. In contrast, the cell orientation angle in the hydrogel microgrooves was significantly reduced (P<0.001). However, the cell orientation angles increased with the increase in hydrogel microgroove width. For the 60 μm, 100 μm, and 140 μm hydrogel microgrooves, the cell orientation angles were (16.4±2.8)°, (24.5±3.2)°, and (30.3±3.5)°, respectively. Compared to that of the control group (35.7%), the number of cells with orientation angles <30° increased significantly in the hydrogel microgrooves of different widths (P<0.001). However, as the width of the hydrogel microgrooves increased, the number of cells with orientation angles <30° gradually decreased (79.9%, 62.3%, 54.7%, respectively), while the number of cells with orientation angles between 60°-90° increased (P<0.001). The cell bodies in the microgrooves were smaller and more rounded in shape. The cells were aligned along the direction of the microgrooves and corresponding changes occurred in the arrangement of the cell cytoskeleton. In the control group, cytoskeletal filaments were aligned in random directions, presenting an orientation angle of (45.5±3.7)°. Cytoskeletal filaments were distributed evenly within various orientation angles. However, in the 60 μm, 100 μm, and 140 μm hydrogel microgrooves, the orientation angles of the cytoskeletal filaments were significantly decreased, measuring (14.4±3.1)°, (24.7±3.5)°, and (31.9±3.3)°, respectively. The number of cytoskeletal filaments with orientation angles <30° significantly increased in hydrogel microgrooves of different widths (P<0.001). However, as the width of the hydrogel microgrooves increased, the number of cytoskeletal filaments with orientation angles <30° gradually decreased, while the number of cytoskeletal filaments with orientation angles between 60°-90° gradually increased (P<0.001). Conclusion Hydrogel microgrooves can regulate the morphology and orientation of HUVECs and mimic to a certain extent the in vivo microenvironment of vascular endothelial cells, providing an experimental model that bears better resemblance to human physiology for the study of the unique physiological functions of vascular endothelial cells. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism of spatial constraints on the morphology and the assembly of vascular endothelial cell needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- 文丽 江
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室 (成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 健 钟
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室 (成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 智 欧阳
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室 (成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 钧怡 沈
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室 (成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 艳 邱
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室 (成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 烨 曾
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室 (成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Guo H, Lan M, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Chen W. [Piezo1 Mediates the Regulation of Substrate Stiffness on Primary Cilia in Chondrocytes]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2024; 55:67-73. [PMID: 38322536 PMCID: PMC10839480 DOI: 10.12182/20240160502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Objective To investigate how substrate stiffness regulates the morphology of primary cilia in chondrocytes and to illustrate how Piezo1 mediates the morphology regulation of primary cilia by substrate stiffness. Methods Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) curing agent and the main agent (Dow Corning, Beijing, China) were mixed at the ratio of 1∶10 (stiff), 1∶50 (medium stiffness), and 1∶70 (soft), respectively, to prepare substrate films with the thickness of 1 mm at different levels of stiffness, including stiff substrate of (2.21±0.12) MPa, medium-stiffness substrate of (54.47±6.06) kPa, and soft substrate of (2.13±0.10) kPa. Chondrocytes were cultured with the substrates of three different levels of stiffness. Then, the cells were treated with Tubastatin A (Tub A) to inhibit histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), Piezo1 activator Yoda1, and inhibitor GsMTx4, respectively. The effects of HDAC6, Yoda1, and GsMTx4 on chondrocyte morphology and the length of primary cilia were analyzed through immunofluorescence staining. Results The stiff substrate increased the spread area of the chondrocytes. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the cytoskeleton and the nuclear area of the cells on the stiff substrate were significantly increased (P<0.05) and the primary cilia were significantly extended (P<0.05) compared with those on the medium-stiffness and soft substrates. However, the presence rate of primary cilia was not affected. The HDAC6 activity of chondrocytes increased with the decrease in substrate stiffness. When the activity of HDAC6 was inhibited, the cytoskeletal area, the nuclei area, and the primary cilium length were increased more significantly on the stiff substrate (P<0.05). Further testing showed that Piezo1 activator and inhibitor could regulate the activity of HDAC6 in chondrocytes, and that the length of primary cilia was significantly increased after treatment with the activator Yoda1 (P<0.05). On the other hand, the length of primary cilia was significantly shortened on the stiff substrate after treatment with the inhibitor GsMTx4 (P<0.05). Conclusion Both substrate stiffness and Piezo1 may affect the morphology of chondrocyte primary cilia by regulating HDAC6 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Guo
- ( 030024) College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Minhua Lan
- ( 030024) College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- ( 030024) College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- ( 030024) College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- ( 030024) College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- ( 030009) Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030009, China
| | - Quanyou Zhang
- ( 030024) College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- ( 030009) Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030009, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- ( 030024) College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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Huang H, Wang S, Guan Y, Ren J, Liu X. Molecular basis and current insights of atypical Rho small GTPase in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:141. [PMID: 38236467 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Atypical Rho GTPases are a subtype of the Rho GTPase family that are involved in diverse cellular processes. The typical Rho GTPases, led by RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42, have been well studied, while relative studies on atypical Rho GTPases are relatively still limited and have great exploration potential. With the increase in studies, current evidence suggests that atypical Rho GTPases regulate multiple biological processes and play important roles in the occurrence and development of human cancers. Therefore, this review mainly discusses the molecular basis of atypical Rho GTPases and their roles in cancer. We summarize the sequence characteristics, subcellular localization and biological functions of each atypical Rho GTPase. Moreover, we review the recent advances and potential mechanisms of atypical Rho GTPases in the development of multiple cancers. A comprehensive understanding and extensive exploration of the biological functions of atypical Rho GTPases and their molecular mechanisms in tumors will provide important insights into the pathophysiology of tumors and the development of cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yifei Guan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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Kellermayer D, Tordai H, Kiss B, Török G, Péter DM, Sayour AA, Pólos M, Hartyánszky I, Szilveszter B, Labeit S, Gángó A, Bedics G, Bödör C, Radovits T, Merkely B, Kellermayer MS. Truncated titin is structurally integrated into the human dilated cardiomyopathic sarcomere. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e169753. [PMID: 37962957 PMCID: PMC10763722 DOI: 10.1172/jci169753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous (HET) truncating variant mutations in the TTN gene (TTNtvs), encoding the giant titin protein, are the most common genetic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the molecular mechanisms by which TTNtv mutations induce DCM are controversial. Here, we studied 127 clinically identified DCM human cardiac samples with next-generation sequencing (NGS), high-resolution gel electrophoresis, Western blot analysis, and super-resolution microscopy in order to dissect the structural and functional consequences of TTNtv mutations. The occurrence of TTNtv was found to be 15% in the DCM cohort. Truncated titin proteins matching, by molecular weight, the gene sequence predictions were detected in the majority of the TTNtv+ samples. Full-length titin was reduced in TTNtv+ compared with TTNtv- samples. Proteomics analysis of washed myofibrils and stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution microscopy of myocardial sarcomeres labeled with sequence-specific anti-titin antibodies revealed that truncated titin was structurally integrated into the sarcomere. Sarcomere length-dependent anti-titin epitope position, shape, and intensity analyses pointed at possible structural defects in the I/A junction and the M-band of TTNtv+ sarcomeres, which probably contribute, possibly via faulty mechanosensor function, to the development of manifest DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Kellermayer
- Heart and Vascular Center
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, and
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Kiss
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, and
| | - György Török
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Siegfried Labeit
- DZHK Partnersite Mannheim-Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ambrus Gángó
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bedics
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bödör
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Phillips TA, Marcotti S, Cox S, Parsons M. Imaging actin organisation and dynamics in 3D. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261389. [PMID: 38236161 PMCID: PMC10906668 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a critical role in cell architecture and the control of fundamental processes including cell division, migration and survival. The dynamics and organisation of F-actin have been widely studied in a breadth of cell types on classical two-dimensional (2D) surfaces. Recent advances in optical microscopy have enabled interrogation of these cytoskeletal networks in cells within three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, tissues and in vivo. Emerging studies indicate that the dimensionality experienced by cells has a profound impact on the structure and function of the cytoskeleton, with cells in 3D environments exhibiting cytoskeletal arrangements that differ to cells in 2D environments. However, the addition of a third (and fourth, with time) dimension leads to challenges in sample preparation, imaging and analysis, necessitating additional considerations to achieve the required signal-to-noise ratio and spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we summarise the current tools for imaging actin in a 3D context and highlight examples of the importance of this in understanding cytoskeletal biology and the challenges and opportunities in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Phillips
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Stefania Marcotti
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Microscopy Innovation Centre, King's College London, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Susan Cox
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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36
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Gallo G. The Axonal Actin Filament Cytoskeleton: Structure, Function, and Relevance to Injury and Degeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-023-03879-7. [PMID: 38216856 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Early investigations of the neuronal actin filament cytoskeleton gave rise to the notion that, although growth cones exhibit high levels of actin filaments, the axon shaft exhibits low levels of actin filaments. With the development of new tools and imaging techniques, the axonal actin filament cytoskeleton has undergone a renaissance and is now an active field of research. This article reviews the current state of knowledge about the actin cytoskeleton of the axon shaft. The best understood forms of actin filament organization along axons are axonal actin patches and a submembranous system of rings that endow the axon with protrusive competency and structural integrity, respectively. Additional forms of actin filament organization along the axon have also been described and their roles are being elucidated. Extracellular signals regulate the axonal actin filament cytoskeleton and our understanding of the signaling mechanisms involved is being elaborated. Finally, recent years have seen advances in our perspective on how the axonal actin cytoskeleton is impacted by, and contributes to, axon injury and degeneration. The work to date has opened new venues and future research will undoubtedly continue to provide a richer understanding of the axonal actin filament cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Gallo
- Department of Neural Sciences, Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 North Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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37
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Wongsawat M, Glaharn S, Srisook C, Dechkhajorn W, Chaisri U, Punsawad C, Techarang T, Chotivanich K, Krudsood S, Viriyavejakul P. Immunofluorescence study of cytoskeleton in endothelial cells induced with malaria sera. Malar J 2024; 23:10. [PMID: 38183117 PMCID: PMC10770940 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells (ECs) play a major role in malaria pathogenesis, as a point of direct contact of parasitized red blood cells to the blood vessel wall. The study of cytoskeleton structures of ECs, whose main functions are to maintain shape and provide strength to the EC membrane is important in determining the severe sequelae of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The work investigated the cytoskeletal changes (microfilaments-actin, microtubules-tubulin and intermediate filaments-vimentin) in ECs induced by malaria sera (Plasmodium vivax, uncomplicated P. falciparum and complicated P. falciparum), in relation to the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Morphology and fluorescence intensity of EC cytoskeleton stimulated with malaria sera were evaluated using immunofluorescence technique. Levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon (IFN)-gamma (γ) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Control experimental groups included ECs incubated with media alone and non-malaria patient sera. Experimental groups consisted of ECs incubated with malaria sera from P. vivax, uncomplicated P. falciparum and complicated P. falciparum. Morphological scores of cytoskeletal alterations and fluorescence intensity were compared across each experiment group, and correlated with TNF and IFN-γ. RESULTS The four morphological changes of cytoskeleton included (1) shrinkage of cytoskeleton and ECs with cortical condensation, (2) appearance of eccentric nuclei, (3) presence of "spiking pattern" of cytoskeleton and EC membrane, and (4) fragmentation and discontinuity of cytoskeleton and ECs. Significant damages were noted in actin filaments compared to tubulin and vimentin filaments in ECs stimulated with sera from complicated P. falciparum malaria. Morphological damages to cytoskeleton was positively correlated with fluorescence intensity and the levels of TNF and IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS ECs stimulated with sera from complicated P. falciparum malaria showed cytoskeletal alterations and increased in fluorescence intensity, which was associated with high levels of TNF and IFN-γ. Cytoskeletal changes of ECs incubated with complicated P. falciparum malaria sera can lead to EC junctional alteration and permeability changes, which is mediated through apoptotic pathway. The findings can serve as a basis to explore measures to strengthen EC cytoskeleton and alleviate severe malaria complications such as pulmonary oedema and cerebral malaria. In addition, immunofluorescence intensity of cytoskeleton could be investigated as potential prognostic indicator for malaria severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathusorn Wongsawat
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Supattra Glaharn
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Charit Srisook
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wilanee Dechkhajorn
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Urai Chaisri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Tachpon Techarang
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kesinee Chotivanich
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Srivicha Krudsood
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Parnpen Viriyavejakul
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Qureshi T, Desale SE, Chidambaram H, Chinnathambi S. Understanding Actin Remodeling in Neuronal Cells Through Podosomes. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:257-266. [PMID: 38427242 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal dysregulation forms an important aspect of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Cytoskeletal functions require the dynamic activity of the cytoskeletal proteins-actin, tubulin, and the associated proteins. One of such important phenomena is that of actin remodeling, which helps the cell to migrate, navigate, and interact with extracellular materials. Podosomes are complex actin-rich cytoskeletal structures, abundant in proteins that interact and degrade the extracellular matrix, enabling cells to displace and migrate. The formation of podosomes requires extensive actin networks and remodeling. Here we present a novel immunofluorescence-based approach to study actin remodeling in neurons through the medium of podosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazeen Qureshi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Smita Eknath Desale
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Hariharakrishnan Chidambaram
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Pimenta-Marques A, Perestrelo T, Reis-Rodrigues P, Duarte P, Ferreira-Silva A, Lince-Faria M, Bettencourt-Dias M. Ana1/CEP295 is an essential player in the centrosome maintenance program regulated by Polo kinase and the PCM. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:102-127. [PMID: 38200359 PMCID: PMC10897187 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are part of centrosomes and cilia, which are microtubule organising centres (MTOC) with diverse functions. Despite their stability, centrioles can disappear during differentiation, such as in oocytes, but little is known about the regulation of their structural integrity. Our previous research revealed that the pericentriolar material (PCM) that surrounds centrioles and its recruiter, Polo kinase, are downregulated in oogenesis and sufficient for maintaining both centrosome structural integrity and MTOC activity. We now show that the expression of specific components of the centriole cartwheel and wall, including ANA1/CEP295, is essential for maintaining centrosome integrity. We find that Polo kinase requires ANA1 to promote centriole stability in cultured cells and eggs. In addition, ANA1 expression prevents the loss of centrioles observed upon PCM-downregulation. However, the centrioles maintained by overexpressing and tethering ANA1 are inactive, unlike the MTOCs observed upon tethering Polo kinase. These findings demonstrate that several centriole components are needed to maintain centrosome structure. Our study also highlights that centrioles are more dynamic than previously believed, with their structural stability relying on the continuous expression of multiple components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pimenta-Marques
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal.
- iNOVA4Health | NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Tania Perestrelo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Patricia Reis-Rodrigues
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Paulo Duarte
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Ferreira-Silva
- iNOVA4Health | NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Lince-Faria
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
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40
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Qu J, Xue X, Wang Z, Ma Z, Jia K, Li F, Zhang Y, Wu R, Zhou F, Zhao P, Li X. Si-Wu-Tang attenuates liver fibrosis via regulating lncRNA H19-dependent pathways involving cytoskeleton remodeling and ECM deposition. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:31-46. [PMID: 38278557 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic wound-healing response characterized by the agglutination of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is known for treating gynecological diseases and liver fibrosis. Our previous studies demonstrated that long non-coding RNA H19 (H19) was markedly upregulated in fibrotic livers while its deficiency markedly reversed fibrogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which SWT influences H19 remain unclear. Thus, we established a bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis model to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of SWT on various cells in the liver. Our results showed that SWT markedly improved ECM deposition and bile duct reactions in the liver. Notably, SWT relieved liver fibrosis by regulating the transcription of genes involved in the cytoskeleton remodeling, primarily in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and influencing cytoskeleton-related angiogenesis and hepatocellular injury. This modulation collectively led to reduced ECM deposition. Through extensive bioinformatics analyses, we determined that H19 acted as a miRNA sponge and mainly inhibited miR-200, miR-211, and let7b, thereby regulating the above cellular regulatory pathways. Meanwhile, SWT reversed H19-related miRNAs and signaling pathways, diminishing ECM deposition and liver fibrosis. However, these protective effects of SWT were diminished with the overexpression of H19 in vivo. In conclusion, our study elucidates the underlying mechanisms of SWT from the perspective of H19-related signal networks and proposes a potential SWT-based therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaorong Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhixing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kexin Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fanghong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yinhao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruiyu Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Piwen Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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41
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Hu B, Margolin W. Probing Membrane-Associated Cytoskeletal Oligomers of the Bacterial Divisome by Electron Microscopy and Tomography. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2727:17-25. [PMID: 37815705 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3491-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The cell division machinery or "divisome" of many bacteria, including Escherichia coli, contains homologs of tubulin (FtsZ) and actin (FtsA) that interact with each other to promote the synthesis of septal peptidoglycan. FtsA oligomers have an essential role as a track for tethering dynamically treadmilling FtsZ protofilaments to the cytoplasmic membrane. Other bacterial cytoskeletal oligomers such as MreB also assemble on and move along the membrane. Structures of these oligomers on membranes in vitro may mimic their behavior in the cell. Here, we describe a protocol to visualize FtsA oligomeric structures on membranes and their interactions with FtsZ protofilaments using negative stain transmission electron microscopy along with tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Margolin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
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42
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Şen Ö, Pucci C, Ciofani G. Monitoring Cell Cytoskeleton Variations upon Piezoelectric Stimulation: Implications for the Immune System. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2748:73-83. [PMID: 38070108 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3593-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric stimulation can have a significant impact on different cellular functions with possible applications in several fields, such as regenerative medicine, cancer therapy, and immunoregulation. For example, piezoelectric stimulation has been shown to modulate cytoskeleton variations: the implications of this effect range from the regulation of migration and invasion of cancer cells to the activation of pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes in immune cells. In this chapter, we will present different methodologies to evaluate cytoskeleton variations, focusing on modifications on f-/g-actin ratio and on the migration and invasion ability of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Şen
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pucci
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Pontedera, Italy.
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43
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Peterson J, Balogh Sivars K, Bianco A, Röper K. Toll-like receptor signalling via IRAK4 affects epithelial integrity and tightness through regulation of junctional tension. Development 2023; 150:dev201893. [PMID: 37997696 PMCID: PMC10753582 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in mammalian systems are well known for their role in innate immunity. In addition, TLRs also fulfil crucial functions outside immunity, including the dorsoventral patterning function of the original Toll receptor in Drosophila and neurogenesis in mice. Recent discoveries in flies suggested key roles for TLRs in epithelial cells in patterning of junctional cytoskeletal activity. Here, we address the function of TLRs and the downstream key signal transduction component IRAK4 in human epithelial cells. Using differentiated human Caco-2 cells as a model for the intestinal epithelium, we show that these cells exhibit baseline TLR signalling, as revealed by p-IRAK4, and that blocking IRAK4 function leads to a loss of epithelial tightness involving key changes at tight and adherens junctions, such as a loss of epithelial tension and changes in junctional actomyosin. Changes upon IRAK-4 inhibition are conserved in human bronchial epithelial cells. Knockdown of IRAK4 and certain TLRs phenocopies the inhibitor treatment. These data suggest a model whereby TLR receptors near epithelial junctions might be involved in a continuous sensing of the epithelial state to promote epithelial tightness and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Peterson
- MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Kinga Balogh Sivars
- Oncology R&D, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Nova, Mölndal, SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Ambra Bianco
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences CPSS Oncology Safety, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Katja Röper
- MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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Bensel BM, Previs S, Bookwalter C, Trybus KM, Walcott S, Warshaw DM. "Spatial Relationships Matter: Kinesin-1 Molecular Motors Transport Liposome Cargo Through 3D Microtubule Intersections In Vitro". bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.01.569616. [PMID: 38076816 PMCID: PMC10705568 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin-1 ensembles maneuver vesicular cargoes through intersections in the 3-dimensional (3D) intracellular microtubule (MT) network. To characterize directional outcomes (straight, turn, terminate) at MT intersections, we challenge 350 nm fluid-like liposomes transported by ~10 constitutively active, truncated kinesin-1 KIF5B (K543) with perpendicular 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D intersections in vitro. Liposomes frequently pause at 2D and 3D intersections (~2s), suggesting that motor teams can simultaneously engage each MT and undergo a tug-of-war. Once resolved, the directional outcomes at 2D MT intersections have a straight to turn ratio of 1.1; whereas at 3D MT intersections, liposomes more frequently go straight (straight to turn ratio of 1.8), highlighting that spatial relationships at intersections bias directional outcomes. Using 3D super-resolution microscopy (STORM), we define the gap between intersecting MTs and the liposome azimuthal approach angle heading into the intersection. We develop an in silico model in which kinesin-1 motors diffuse on the liposome surface, simultaneously engage the intersecting MTs, generate forces and detach from MTs governed by the motors' mechanochemical cycle, and undergo a tug-of-war with the winning team determining the directional outcome in 3D. The model predicts that 1-3 motors typically engage the MT, consistent with optical trapping measurements. Modeled liposomes also predominantly go straight through 3D intersections over a range of intersection gaps and liposome approach angles, even when obstructed by the crossing MT. Our observations and modeling offer mechanistic insights into how cells might tune the MT cytoskeleton, cargo, and motors to modulate cargo transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Bensel
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Samantha Previs
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Carol Bookwalter
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Kathleen M Trybus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Sam Walcott
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609
| | - David M Warshaw
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405
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Ishizaka T, Hatori K. Direct observation of oriented behavior of actin filaments interacting with desmin intermediate filaments. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130488. [PMID: 37838354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between actin filaments (AFs) and intermediate filaments (IFs) are frequently observed in living cells. The crosstalk between these cytoskeletal components underpins cellular organization and dynamics; however, the molecular basis of filamentous interactions is not fully understood. Here, we describe the mode of interaction between AFs and desmin IFs (DIFs) in a reconstituted in vitro system. METHODS AFs (rabbit skeletal muscle) and DIFs (chicken gizzard) were labeled with fluorescent dyes. DIFs were immobilized on a heavy meromyosin (HMM)-coated collodion surface. HMM-driven AFs with ATP hydrolysis was assessed in the presence of DIFs. Images of single filaments were obtained using fluorescence microscopy. Vector changes in the trajectories of single AFs were calculated from microscopy images. RESULTS AF speed transiently decreased upon contact with DIF. The difference between the incoming and outgoing angles of a moving AF broadened upon contact with a DIF. A smaller incoming angle tended to result in a smaller outgoing angle in a nematic manner. The percentage of moving AFs decreased with an increasing DIF density, but the speed of the moving AFs was similar to that in the no-desmin control. An abundance of DIFs tended to exclude AFs from the HMM-coated surfaces. CONCLUSIONS DIFs agitate the movement of AFs with the orientation. DIFs can bind to HMMs and weaken actin-myosin interactions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The study indicates that apart from the binding strength, the accumulation of weak interactions characteristic of filamentous structures may affect the dynamic organization of cell architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Ishizaka
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Hatori
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Japan.
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46
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Robertin S, Brokatzky D, Lobato-Márquez D, Mostowy S. Regulation of integrin α5β1-mediated Staphylococcus aureus cellular invasion by the septin cytoskeleton. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151359. [PMID: 37683588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen, is an urgent health threat causing a wide range of clinical infections. Originally viewed as a strict extracellular pathogen, accumulating evidence has revealed S. aureus to be a facultative intracellular pathogen subverting host cell signalling to support invasion. The majority of clinical isolates produce fibronectin-binding proteins A and B (FnBPA and FnBPB) to interact with host integrin α5β1, a key component of focal adhesions. S. aureus binding of integrin α5β1 promotes its clustering on the host cell surface, triggering activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and cytoskeleton rearrangements to promote bacterial invasion into non-phagocytic cells. Here, we discover that septins, a component of the cytoskeleton that assembles on membranes, are recruited as collar-like structures with actin to S. aureus invasion sites engaging integrin α5β1. To investigate septin recruitment to the plasma membrane in a bacteria-free system, we used FnBPA-coated latex beads and showed that septins are recruited upon activation of integrin α5β1. SEPT2 depletion reduced S. aureus invasion, but increased surface expression of integrin α5 and adhesion of S. aureus to host cells. Consistent with this, SEPT2 depletion increased cellular protein levels of integrin α5 and β1 subunits, as well as FAK. Collectively, these results provide insights into regulation of integrin α5β1 and invasion of S. aureus by the septin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevens Robertin
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Dominik Brokatzky
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Damián Lobato-Márquez
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Serge Mostowy
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
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47
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Bandeira PT, Ortiz SFDN, Benchimol M, de Souza W. Expansion Microscopy of trichomonads. Exp Parasitol 2023; 255:108629. [PMID: 37802179 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Light microscopy has significantly advanced in recent decades, especially concerning the increased resolution obtained in fluorescence images. Here we present the Expansion Microscopy (ExM) technique in two parasites, Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus, which significantly improved the localization of distinct proteins closely associated with cytoskeleton by immunofluorescence microscopy. The ExM techniques have been used in various cell types, tissues and other protist parasites. It requires the embedment of the samples in a swellable gel that is highly hydrophilic. As a result, cells are expanded 4.5 times in an isotropic manner, offering a spatial resolution of ∼70 nm. We used this new methodology not only to observe the structural organization of protozoa in more detail but also to increase the resolution by immunofluorescence microscopy of two major proteins such as tubulin, found in structures formed by microtubules, and costain 1, the only protein identified until now in the T. foetus's costa, a unique rod-shaped like structure. The individualized microtubules of the axostyle were seen for the first time in fluorescence microscopy and several other details are presented after this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Terra Bandeira
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens e Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Sharmila Fiama das Neves Ortiz
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Marlene Benchimol
- BIOTRANS-CAXIAS, Universidade do Grande Rio. UNIGRANRIO, Rio de Janeiro, 96200-000, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens e Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil.
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens e Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil
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48
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Vargas-Villanueva JR, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez F, Garza-Ontiveros M, Nery-Flores SD, Campos-Múzquiz LG, Vazquez-Obregón D, Rodriguez-Herrera R, Palomo-Ligas L. Tubulin as a potential molecular target for resveratrol in Giardia lamblia trophozoites, in vitro and in silico approaches. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107026. [PMID: 37722447 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Giardia lamblia is a globally distributed protozoan parasite that causes intestinal disease. Recently, there is an increase in refractory cases of giardiasis to chemotherapeutic agents, and drugs available cause side effects that may limit its use or cause therapeutic non-compliance. Therefore, search for alternative and less harmful drugs to treat giardiasis is an important task. In this sense, resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol with a wide range of pharmacological effects such as antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of RSV on Giardia lamblia trophozoites in vitro and in silico, focusing on tubulin affectation, a major protein of the Giardia cytoskeleton which participates in relevant processes for cell survival. In vitro determinations showed that RSV inhibits parasite growth and adherence, causes morphological changes, and induces apoptosis-like cell death through tubulin alterations demonstrated by immunolocalization and Western blot assays. Bioinformatic analysis by molecular docking suggested that RSV binds to Giardia tubulin interface heterodimer, sharing binding residues to those reported with depolymerization inhibitors. These findings suggest that RSV affects microtubular dynamics and make it an interesting compound to study for its safety and antigiardiasic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filiberto Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, Mexico; División de Salud, Centro Universitario de Tlajomulco, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, 45641, Mexico
| | - Mariana Garza-Ontiveros
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila. Unidad Saltillo. Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico
| | - Sendar Daniel Nery-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila. Unidad Saltillo. Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico
| | | | - Dagoberto Vazquez-Obregón
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/ Instituto tecnológico de Saltillo. Departamento de Metal Mecánica. Saltillo, Coahuila 25280, Mexico
| | - Raul Rodriguez-Herrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila. Unidad Saltillo. Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico
| | - Lissethe Palomo-Ligas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila. Unidad Saltillo. Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico.
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Hlaváčková K, Šamaj J, Ovečka M. Cytoskeleton as a roadmap navigating rhizobia to establish symbiotic root nodulation in legumes. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108263. [PMID: 37775072 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Legumes enter into symbiotic associations with soil nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, culminating in the creation of new organs, root nodules. This complex process relies on chemical and physical interaction between legumes and rhizobia, including early signalling events informing the host legume plant of a potentially beneficial microbe and triggering the nodulation program. The great significance of this plant-microbe interaction rests upon conversion of atmospheric dinitrogen not accessible to plants into a biologically active form of ammonia available to plants. The plant cytoskeleton consists in a highly dynamic network and undergoes rapid remodelling upon sensing various developmental and environmental cues, including response to attachment, internalization, and accommodation of rhizobia in plant root and nodule cells. This dynamic nature is governed by cytoskeleton-associated proteins that modulate cytoskeletal behaviour depending on signal perception and transduction. Precisely localized cytoskeletal rearrangements are therefore essential for the uptake of rhizobia, their targeted delivery, and establishing beneficial root nodule symbiosis. This review summarizes current knowledge about rhizobia-dependent rearrangements and functions of the cytoskeleton in legume roots and nodules. General patterns and nodule type-, nodule stage-, and species-specific aspects of actin filaments and microtubules remodelling are discussed. Moreover, emerging evidence is provided about fine-tuning the root nodulation process through cytoskeleton-associated proteins. We also consider future perspectives on dynamic localization studies of the cytoskeleton during early symbiosis utilizing state of the art molecular and advanced microscopy approaches. Based on acquired detailed knowledge of the mutualistic interactions with microbes, these approaches could contribute to broader biotechnological crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hlaváčková
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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50
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Kandiyoth FB, Michelot A. Reconstitution of actin-based cellular processes: Why encapsulation changes the rules. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151368. [PMID: 37922812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While in vitro reconstitution of cellular processes is progressing rapidly, the encapsulation of biomimetic systems to reproduce the cellular environment is a major challenge. Here we review the difficulties, using reconstitution of processes dependent on actin polymerization as an example. Some of the problems are purely technical, due to the need for engineering strategies to encapsulate concentrated solutions in micrometer-sized compartments. However, other significant issues arise from the reduction of experimental volumes, which alters the chemical evolution of these non-equilibrium systems. Important parameters to consider for successful reconstitutions are the amount of each component, their consumption and renewal rates to guarantee their continuous availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alphée Michelot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
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