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Noonin C, Thongboonkerd V. Beneficial roles of gastrointestinal and urinary microbiomes in kidney stone prevention via their oxalate-degrading ability and beyond. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127663. [PMID: 38422861 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal, the most common composition in kidney stones, occurs following supersaturation of calcium and oxalate ions in the urine. In addition to endogenous source, another main source of calcium and oxalate ions is dietary intake. In the intestinal lumen, calcium can bind with oxalate to form precipitates to be eliminated with feces. High intake of oxalate-rich foods, inappropriate amount of daily calcium intake, defective intestinal transporters for oxalate secretion and absorption, and gastrointestinal (GI) malabsorption (i.e., from gastric bypass surgery) can enhance intestinal oxalate absorption, thereby increasing urinary oxalate level and risk of kidney stone disease (KSD). The GI microbiome rich with oxalate-degrading bacteria can reduce intestinal oxalate absorption and urinary oxalate level. In addition to the oxalate-degrading ability, the GI microbiome also affects expression of oxalate transporters and net intestinal oxalate transport, cholesterol level, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, leading to lower KSD risk. Recent evidence also shows beneficial effects of urinary microbiome in KSD prevention. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the aforementioned aspects. Potential benefits of the GI and urinary microbiomes as probiotics for KSD prevention are emphasized. Finally, challenges and future perspectives of probiotic treatment in KSD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadanat Noonin
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Tokumaru T, Toyama T, Nakade Y, Ogura H, Oshima M, Nakagawa S, Furuichi M, Kitajima S, Sakai N, Shimizu M, Iwata Y, Wada T. Design and rationale for an open-label, randomized, controlled pilot trial to evaluate the changes in blood uremic toxins in patients with chronic kidney disease by dietary therapy with sake lees. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024; 28:440-446. [PMID: 38340247 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-023-02450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) reportedly show dysbiosis, which is the imbalance of gut microbiome. Dysbiosis increases the uremic toxin level in the intestine, and uremic toxins transfer into the blood, causing CKD progression. Sake lees, a traditional Japanese fermented food, may help reduce uremic toxins by altering the gut microbiome. Additionally, D-alanine, which is present in sake lees, may have a renoprotective effect. The present pilot study aims to evaluate the effect of adding sake lees to the standard CKD dietary therapy in reducing blood uremic toxins. METHODS This pilot study is a single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four patients with CKD will be enrolled and allocated 1:1 to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group will receive standard CKD dietary therapy with an additional intake of 50 g of sake lees per day for 8 weeks, whereas the control group will only receive standard CKD dietary therapy. The primary endpoint is the change in serum indoxyl sulfate after 8 weeks. The secondary endpoint is the plasma D-alanine and fecal microbiome changes. CONCLUSION This pilot study provides insight into the development of a new diet focused on gut microbiome and D-amino acids in patients with CKD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This protocol was approved by the Clinical Trial Review Board of Kanazawa University Hospital on October 27, 2022 (2022-001 [6139]) and available to the public on the website of the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials on November 22, 2022 (jRCT1040220095).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Tokumaru
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
- Department of Nutrition Management, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Toyama
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
- Innovative Clinical Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Nakade
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Ogura
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Megumi Oshima
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Motoe Furuichi
- Department of Nutrition Management, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Kitajima
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwata
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
- Division of Infection Control, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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Jo IH, Paik CN, Lee JM, Song DS, Kim YJ. Effect of Trimebutine and Rifaximin on Breath Hydrogen and Methane by Glucose Breath Test in Patients With Functional Bloating: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 30:220-228. [PMID: 38576371 PMCID: PMC10999843 DOI: 10.5056/jnm23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Drugs that stabilize intestinal motility may improve the efficacy of nonabsorbable antibiotics, such as rifaximin, against small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). We compared the efficacy of rifaximin alone with that of its combination with trimebutine maleate against SIBO. Methods We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (https://cris.nih.go.kr, no. KCT0004836) that included patients with functional bloating, no constipation, and SIBO using the hydrogen (H2)-methane (CH4) glucose breath test (GBT). Patients were randomized into 2 groups in a 1:1 ratio, namely rifaximin (1200 mg/day) + trimebutine maleate (600 mg/day) group and rifaximin + placebo group, for 2 weeks. Patients completed a symptom questionnaire and underwent a GBT at baseline and at 1 month after treatment withdrawal. The primary outcome was SIBO eradication. The secondary outcomes included changes in the concentrations of exhaled gases, symptoms, and presence of adverse events. Results The complete eradication rate of SIBO was 35.9% (14/39) in the rifaximin group, and 34.1% (14/41) in the combined group with no significant differences. In both groups, no significant differences were observed in GBT profiles before and after the treatment, respectively. However total breath H2 and CH4 concentration were conspicuously decreased in the combined group after treatment. The combined group exhibited substantial relief of bloating. The adverse events were similar in the 2 groups. Conclusion While the combination therapy was not superior over rifaximin alone for SIBO eradication, it improves the symptom of bloating with numerically reducing the concentration of breath H2/CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik Hyun Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Chang-Nyol Paik
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Do Seon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Taghaddos D, Saqib Z, Bai X, Bercik P, Collins SM. Post-infectious ibs following Clostridioides difficile infection; role of microbiota and implications for treatment. Dig Liver Dis 2024:S1590-8658(24)00309-8. [PMID: 38653643 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Up to 25% of patients recovering from antibiotic-treated Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) develop functional symptoms reminiscent of Post-Infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI-IBS). For patients with persistent symptoms following infection, a clinical dilemma arises as to whether to provide additional antibiotic treatment or to adopt a conservative symptom-based approach. Here, we review the literature on CDI-related PI-IBS and compare the findings with PI-IBS. We review proposed mechanisms, including the role of C. difficile toxins and the microbiota, and discuss implications for therapy. We suggest that gut dysfunction post-CDI may be initiated by toxin-induced damage to enteroglial cells and that a dysbiotic gut microbitota maintains the clinical phenotype over time, prompting consideration of microbiota-directed therapies. While Fecal Microbial Transplant (FMT) is currently reserved for recurrent CDI (rCDI), we propose that microbiota-directed therapies may have a role in primary CDI in order to avoid or mitigate futher antibiotic treatment that further disrupts the microbiota and thus prevent PI-IBS. We discuss novel microbial transfer therapies and as they emerge, we recommend clinical trials to determine whether microbial transfer therapy of the primary infection prevents both rCDI and CDI-related PI- IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Taghaddos
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zarwa Saqib
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xaiopeng Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen M Collins
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Consales A, Toscano L, Ceriotti C, Tiraferri V, Castaldi S, Giannì ML. From womb to world: mapping gut microbiota-related health literacy among Italian mothers, a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1012. [PMID: 38605379 PMCID: PMC11010343 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is a key determinant of long-term health. Promoting maternal health literacy may enhance children well-being. Aim of the present study was to assess gut microbiota-related health literacy of Italian women and identify potential gaps in awareness. METHODS A cross-sectional survey study was conducted using an online questionnaire (17 questions) on determinants and long-term impact of infant gut microbiota. The survey targeted Italian pregnant women and mothers of children under 2 years old, and was distributed through various social media channels between September 28th and November 15th, 2022. A total score was calculated as the sum of positive answers. Data on demographics, pregnancy status, and pre-existing knowledge of the infant gut microbiota were also collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. RESULTS The questionnaire was completed by 1076 women. Median total score was 9 [7-11]. The 81.7% of respondents declared prior knowledge of the gut microbiota. The internet was among the most commonly cited primary sources of information. Independent predictors of total score were having a university degree (B = 0.656, p = 0.002) and prior knowledge (B = 2.246, p < 0.001). Conversely, older age was associated with lower total scores (B = -0.092, p < 0.001). The least known determinants of infant gut microbiota were gestational BMI, prematurity, mode of delivery and NICU stay. Pregnant women failed to recognize the role of breastfeeding in the development of infant gut microbiota more frequently than non-pregnant women. The 97.5% of participants reported increased interest in the gut microbiota, with heightened interest associated with prior knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a moderate level of knowledge about infant gut microbiota among respondents, emphasizing the positive impact of prior knowledge on understanding and interest. Targeted educational interventions are needed to address awareness gaps, especially concerning the influence of breastfeeding on infant gut microbiota. Healthcare providers have the potential to enhance women's knowledge and awareness of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Consales
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Letizia Toscano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Ceriotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Tiraferri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Castaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Quality Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lorella Giannì
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Hanlon N, Gillan N, Neil J, Seidler K. The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in modulating intestinal ILC3s to optimise gut pathogen resistance in lupus and benefits of nutritional AhR ligands. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1199-1215. [PMID: 38631087 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dysbiosis is emerging as a potential trigger of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are recognised as key regulators of intestinal homeostasis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is critical to intestinal ILC3 development and function. This mechanistic review aimed to investigate whether AhR activation of gut ILC3s facilitates IL-22-mediated antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production to enhance colonisation resistance and ameliorate SLE pathology associated with intestinal dysbiosis. Furthermore, nutritional AhR ligand potential to enhance pathogen resistance was explored. METHODOLOGY This mechanistic review involved a three-tranche systematic literature search (review, mechanism, intervention) using PubMed with critical appraisal. Data was synthesised into themes and summarised in a narrative analysis. RESULTS Preclinical mechanistic data indicate that AhR modulation of intestinal ILC3s optimises pathogen resistance via IL-22-derived AMPs. Pre-clinical research is required to validate this mechanism in SLE. Data on systemic immune consequences of AhR modulation in lupus suggest UVB-activated ligands induce aberrant AhR signalling while many dietary ligands exert beneficial effects. Data on xenobiotic-origin ligands is varied, although considerable evidence has demonstrated negative effects on Th17 to Treg balance. Limited human evidence supports the role of nutritional AhR ligands in modulating SLE pathology. Preclinical and clinical data support anti-inflammatory effects of dietary AhR ligands. CONCLUSION Current evidence is insufficient to fully validate the hypothesis that AhR modulation of intestinal ILC3s can enhance pathogen resistance to ameliorate lupus pathology driven by dysbiosis. However, anti-inflammatory effects of dietary AhR ligands suggest a promising role as a therapeutic intervention for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Hanlon
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, Berkshire RG40 1DH, UK.
| | - Natalie Gillan
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, Berkshire RG40 1DH, UK.
| | - James Neil
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, Berkshire RG40 1DH, UK.
| | - Karin Seidler
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, Berkshire RG40 1DH, UK.
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Zhang M, Zhou Y, Yao S, Zhao Y, Batool SS, Huang J, Jiang L, Yan D, Yan W, Yu Z. Effect of stress urinary incontinence on vaginal microbial communities. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:112. [PMID: 38575862 PMCID: PMC10993610 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum women often experience stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and vaginal microbial dysbiosis, which seriously affect women's physical and mental health. Understanding the relationship between SUI and vaginal microbiota composition may help to prevent vaginal diseases, but research on the potential association between these conditions is limited. RESULTS This study employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the association between SUI and vaginal dysbiosis. In terms of the vaginal microbiota, both species richness and evenness were significantly higher in the SUI group. Additionally, the results of NMDS and species composition indicated that there were differences in the composition of the vaginal microbiota between the two groups. Specifically, compared to postpartum women without SUI (Non-SUI), the relative abundance of bacteria associated with bacterial dysbiosis, such as Streptococcus, Prevotella, Dialister, and Veillonella, showed an increase, while the relative abundance of Lactobacillus decreased in SUI patients. Furthermore, the vaginal microbial co-occurrence network of SUI patients displayed higher connectivity, complexity, and clustering. CONCLUSION The study highlights the role of Lactobacillus in maintaining vaginal microbial homeostasis. It found a correlation between SUI and vaginal microbiota, indicating an increased risk of vaginal dysbiosis. The findings could enhance our understanding of the relationship between SUI and vaginal dysbiosis in postpartum women, providing valuable insights for preventing bacterial vaginal diseases and improving women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Human Microbiome and Health Group, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siqi Yao
- Human Microbiome and Health Group, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Human Microbiome and Health Group, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Syeda Sundas Batool
- Human Microbiome and Health Group, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dayu Yan
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenguang Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zheng Yu
- Human Microbiome and Health Group, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Hussain N, Muccee F. In-silico characterization of GABAT protein found in gut-brain axis associated bacteria of healthy individuals and multiple sclerosis patients. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103939. [PMID: 38352114 PMCID: PMC10859293 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination of neurons. There is evidence to suggest that level of a neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), due to the degradation by γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABAT), is reduced in certain areas of the brain in MS patients. MS is always accompanied by gut bacteria dysbiosis. In healthy individuals, Faecalibacterium sp. while in MS patients A. calcoaceticus, Clostridium sp. and S. typhimurium are found abundantly. Although all these microbes produce GABAT but only in MS patients this enzyme significantly degrades GABA. Objective Present study is an attempt to characterize the GABAT protein sequences of these bacteria. Methodology Sequences of GABAT protein were retrieved from Uniprot database. Sequences were analyzed by Protparam, Gneg-mPLoc, SOSUI, PFP-FunDSeqE, Pepwheel program, PROTEUS and Alphafold and SAVES servers, MEME suite and HDOCK server. Results In healthy individuals gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bacteria, GABAT protein was present in inner-membrane with α helix content (61 and 62%) and β sheet content (5%), 4-helical cytokines functional domains. It has greater number of B-cell epitopes and more complex 3D configuration as compared to MS patients GIT bacterial enzymes. Conclusion Present study might enable us to modify the GABAT encoding gene and enzyme through site-directed mutagenesis in pathogenic bacteria thus reducing their potential of causing MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus, Abu Dhabi P. O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatima Muccee
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Punjab, Lahore 52254, Pakistan
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Dosh L, Ghazi M, Haddad K, El Masri J, Hawi J, Leone A, Basset C, Geagea AG, Jurjus R, Jurjus A. Probiotics, gut microbiome, and cardiovascular diseases: An update. Transpl Immunol 2024; 83:102000. [PMID: 38262540 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the most challenging diseases and many factors have been demonstrated to affect their pathogenesis. One of the major factors that affect CVDs, especially atherosclerosis, is the gut microbiota (GM). Genetics play a key role in linking CVDs with GM, in addition to some environmental factors which can be either beneficial or harmful. The interplay between GM and CVDs is complex due to the numerous mechanisms through which microbial components and their metabolites can influence CVDs. Within this interplay, the immune system plays a major role, mainly based on the immunomodulatory effects of microbial dysbiosis and its resulting metabolites. The resulting modulation of chronic inflammatory processes was found to reduce the severity of CVDs and to maintain cardiovascular health. To better understand the specific roles of GM-related metabolites in this interplay, this review presents an updated perspective on gut metabolites related effects on the cardiovascular system, highlighting the possible benefits of probiotics in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dosh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Maya Ghazi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Karim Haddad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Jad El Masri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Jihad Hawi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al Kurah, Lebanon.
| | - Angelo Leone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Charbel Basset
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alice Gerges Geagea
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rosalyn Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Kaur H, Kaur G, Ali SA. Postbiotics Implication in the Microbiota-Host Intestinal Epithelial Cells Mutualism. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:443-458. [PMID: 36933160 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
To sustain host health and provide the microbial community with a nutrient-rich environment, the host and gut microbiota must interact with one another. These interactions between commensal bacterial and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) serve as the first line of defense against gut microbiota in preserving intestinal homeostasis. In this microenvironment, the post-biotics and similar molecules such as p40 exert several beneficial effects through regulation of IECs. Importantly, post-biotics were discovered to be transactivators of the EGF receptor (EGFR) in IECs, inducing protective cellular responses and alleviating colitis. The transient exposure to post-biotics such as p40 during the neonatal period reprograms IECs by upregulation of a methyltransferase, Setd1β, leading to a sustained increase in TGF- β release for the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the intestinal lamina propria and durable protection against colitis in adulthood. This crosstalk between the IECs and post-biotic secreted factors was not reviewed previously. Therefore, this review describes the role of probiotic-derived factors in the sustainability of intestinal health and improving gut homeostasis via certain signaling pathways. In the era of precision medicine and targeted therapies, more basic, preclinical, and clinical evidence is needed to clarify the efficacy of probiotics released as functional factors in maintaining intestinal health and preventing and treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, 132001, India.
- Division Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
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de Souza Lopes L, da Silva JS, da luz JMR, de Cássia Soares da Silva M, Lima HS, Rocha GC, Mantovani HC, Kasuya MCM. Intestinal microbial diversity of swines fed with different sources of lithium. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:102. [PMID: 38464613 PMCID: PMC10917731 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A drug that is widely used in the treatment of psychiatric disorder is lithium (Li) salts. The people who make therapeutic use of this drug develop a series of side effects. Through metataxonomic data, this study assessed the impacts of lithium, as Li carbonate or Li-enriched mushrooms, on the microbial composition of the ileum, colon, and feces of piglets. Employing Bray-Curtis metric, no differences were observed among the treatments evaluated. Nevertheless, the alpha diversity indices showed differences in the Simpson, Shannon, and Chao-1 indices in the colon and Chao-1 in the feces in the diets with Li compared with the diets without Li. The taxa with the highest relative abundance varied among the ileum, colon, and feces, with a predominance of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria in diets with Li. Many groups of microorganisms that are important for the health of the host (e.g., Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae, Enterorhabdus, Muribaculaceae, and Coprococcus) had their relative abundance increased in animals that received diets with the recommended dose of lithium. Furthermore, there was an increase in the abundance of Prevotellaceae and Bacteroidales (in the diet with Li-enriched mushroom) and Clostridia, Ruminococcus, Burkholderia, and Bacteroidales (diets with Li carbonate) at the recommended dosages. This is the first study to show the effects of Li carbonate and Li-enriched mushrooms on the intestinal microbiota of piglets. Thus, the effects of lithium on the body may be related to its ability to change the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03938-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro de Souza Lopes
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Juliana Soares da Silva
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - José Maria Rodrigues da luz
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Marliane de Cássia Soares da Silva
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Helena Santiago Lima
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Gabriel Cipriano Rocha
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Hilário Cuquetto Mantovani
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
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12
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Deschamps C, Apper E, Brun M, Durif C, Denis S, Humbert D, Blanquet-Diot S. Development of a new antibiotic-induced dysbiosis model of the canine colonic microbiota. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107102. [PMID: 38325721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
As in humans, antibiotics are widely used in dogs to treat gastrointestinal infections, contributing to the global burden of antimicrobial resistance on both human and animal health. Close contact between pets and their owners can lead to horizontal transfer of gut microbes, including transmission of antibiotic resistance. Nevertheless, until now, the impact of antibiotics on the canine gut microbiota has been poorly described. The aim of this study was to adapt the canine mucosal artificial colon (CANIM-ARCOL) model, reproducing the main nutritional, physicochemical and microbial parameters found in the large intestine of the dog to simulate an antibiotic-induced perturbation. Following initial investigation of five antibiotic cocktails at in-field doses, a 5-day regimen of metronidazole/enrofloxacin (ME) was selected for further model development. Two CANIM-ARCOL bioreactors were inoculated with a faecal sample (n=2 donors) and run in parallel for 26 days under control or antibiotic conditions. ME reduced microbial diversity and induced major shifts in bacterial populations, leading to a state of dysbiosis characterized by an increase in the relative abundance of Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, and a decrease in the relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Fusobacteriota and Clostridiaceae. Overall, mucus-associated microbiota were less impacted by antibiotics than luminal microbes. Microbial alterations were associated with drastic decreases in gas production and short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Finally, the model was well validated through in-vitro-in-vivo comparisons in a study in dogs. The CANIM-ARCOL model provides a relevant platform as an alternative to in-vivo assays for an in-depth understanding of antibiotic-microbiota interactions and further testing of restoration strategies at individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Deschamps
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS UCA-INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Blagnac Cedex, France
| | | | - Morgane Brun
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS UCA-INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Durif
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS UCA-INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvain Denis
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS UCA-INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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13
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De Rosa S, Battaglini D, Llompart-Pou JA, Godoy DA. Ten good reasons to consider gastrointestinal function after acute brain injury. J Clin Monit Comput 2024; 38:355-362. [PMID: 37418061 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-023-01050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The brain-gut axis represents a bidirectional communication linking brain function with the gastrointestinal (GI) system. This interaction comprises a top-down communication from the brain to the gut, and a bottom-up communication from the gut to the brain, including neural, endocrine, immune, and humoral signaling. Acute brain injury (ABI) can lead to systemic complications including GI dysfunction. Techniques for monitoring GI function are currently few, neglected, and many under investigation. The use of ultrasound could provide a measure of gastric emptying, bowel peristalsis, bowel diameter, bowel wall thickness and tissue perfusion. Despite novel biomarkers represent a limitation in clinical practice, intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is easy-to-use and measurable at bedside. Increased IAP can be both cause and consequence of GI dysfunction, and it can influence cerebral perfusion pressure and intracranial pressure via physiological mechanisms. Here, we address ten good reasons to consider GI function in patients with ABI, highlighting the importance of its assessment in neurocritical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Rosa
- Centre for Medical Sciences - CISMed, University of Trento, Via S. Maria Maddalena 1, 38122, Trento, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - Denise Battaglini
- UO Clinica Anestesiologica e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Juan Antonio Llompart-Pou
- Servei de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
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14
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Luo L, Tang J, Du X, Li N. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the airway microbiome: A review for clinicians. Respir Med 2024; 225:107586. [PMID: 38460708 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex heterogeneous disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation and chronic inflammation. The progressive development and long-term repeated acute exacerbation of COPD make many patients still unable to control the deterioration of the disease after active treatment, and even eventually lead to death. An increasing number of studies have shown that the occurrence and development of COPD are closely related to the composition and changes of airway microbiome. This article reviews the interaction between COPD and airway microbiome, the potential mechanisms of interaction, and the treatment methods related to microbiome. We elaborated the internal correlation between airway microbiome and different stages of COPD, inflammatory endotypes, glucocorticoid and antibiotic treatment, analyze the pathophysiological mechanisms such as the "vicious cycle" hypothesis, abnormal inflammation-immune response of the host and the "natural selection" of COPD to airway microbiome, introduce the treatment of COPD related to microbiome and emphasize the predictive value of airway microbiome for the progression, exacerbation and prognosis of COPD, as well as the guiding role for clinical management of patients, in order to provide a new perspective for exploring the pathogenesis of COPD, and also provide clues and guidance for finding new treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Junli Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Xianzhi Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China.
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15
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Tamura Y, Takai Y, Miyamoto H, SeokHyun L, Liu Y, Qiu X, Kang LJ, Simasaki Y, Shindo C, Suda W, Ohno H, Oshima Y. Alteration of shoaling behavior and dysbiosis in the gut of medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to 2-μm polystyrene microplastics. Chemosphere 2024; 353:141643. [PMID: 38447901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
There is global concern that microplastics may harm aquatic life. Here, we examined the effects of fine polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs, 2-μm diameter, 0.1 mg/L, 2.5 × 107 particles/L) on the behavior and the microbiome (linked to brain-gut interaction) of a fish model using medaka, Oryzias latipes. We found that shoaling behavior was reduced in PS-MP-exposed medaka compared with control fish during the exposure period, but it recovered during a depuration period. There was no difference in swimming speed between the PS-MP-exposed and control groups during the exposure period. Analysis of the dominant bacterial population (those comprising ≥1% of the total bacterial population) in the gut of fish showed that exposure to PS-MPs tended to increase the relative abundance of the phylum Fusobacteria and the genus Vibrio. Furthermore, structural-equation modeling of gut bacteria on the basis of machine-learning data estimated strong relationship involved in the reduction of the functional bacterial species of minority (<1% of the total bacterial population) such as the genera Muribaculum (an undefined role), Aquaspirillum (a candidate for nitrate metabolism and magnetotactics), and Clostridium and Phascolarctobacterium (potential producers of short-chain fatty acids, influencing behavior by affecting levels of neurotransmitters) as a group of gut bacteria in association with PS-MP exposure. Our results suggest that fish exposure to fine microplastics may cause dysbiosis and ultimately cause social behavior disorders linked to brain-gut interactions. This effect could be connected to reduction of fish fitness in the ecosystem and reduced fish survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Tamura
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Takai
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Miyamoto
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8501, Japan
| | - Lee SeokHyun
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yangqing Liu
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xuchun Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Lk Joon Kang
- School of Interdisciplinary Science and Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yohei Simasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chie Shindo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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16
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Pak R, Cho M, Pride K, Abd-Elsayed A. The Gut Microbiota and Chronic Pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024; 28:259-269. [PMID: 38345694 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine the effects and interactions between gut microbia and chronic pain. RECENT FINDINGS The gut microbiome has been an area of interest in both the scientific and general audience due to a growing body of evidence suggesting its influence in a variety of health and disease states. Communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and gut microbiome is said to be bidirectional, in what is referred to as the gut-brain axis. Chronic pain is a prevalent costly personal and public health burden and so, there is a vested interest in devising safe and efficacious treatments. Numerous studies, many of which are animal studies, have been conducted to examine the gut microbiome's role in the pathophysiology of chronic pain states, such as neuropathy, inflammation, visceral pain, etc. As the understanding of this relationship grows, so does the potential for therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiome in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Pak
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New York Medical College/Metropolitan, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Cho
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New York Medical College/Metropolitan, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keth Pride
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, B6/319 CSC, Madison, WI, 53792-3272, USA
| | - Alaa Abd-Elsayed
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, B6/319 CSC, Madison, WI, 53792-3272, USA.
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17
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Auclert LZ, Chhanda MS, Derome N. Interwoven processes in fish development: microbial community succession and immune maturation. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17051. [PMID: 38560465 PMCID: PMC10981415 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Fishes are hosts for many microorganisms that provide them with beneficial effects on growth, immune system development, nutrition and protection against pathogens. In order to avoid spreading of infectious diseases in aquaculture, prevention includes vaccinations and routine disinfection of eggs and equipment, while curative treatments consist in the administration of antibiotics. Vaccination processes can stress the fish and require substantial farmer's investment. Additionally, disinfection and antibiotics are not specific, and while they may be effective in the short term, they have major drawbacks in the long term. Indeed, they eliminate beneficial bacteria which are useful for the host and promote the raising of antibiotic resistance in beneficial, commensal but also in pathogenic bacterial strains. Numerous publications highlight the importance that plays the diversified microbial community colonizing fish (i.e., microbiota) in the development, health and ultimately survival of their host. This review targets the current knowledge on the bidirectional communication between the microbiota and the fish immune system during fish development. It explores the extent of this mutualistic relationship: on one hand, the effect that microbes exert on the immune system ontogeny of fishes, and on the other hand, the impact of critical steps in immune system development on the microbial recruitment and succession throughout their life. We will first describe the immune system and its ontogeny and gene expression steps in the immune system development of fishes. Secondly, the plurality of the microbiotas (depending on host organism, organ, and development stage) will be reviewed. Then, a description of the constant interactions between microbiota and immune system throughout the fish's life stages will be discussed. Healthy microbiotas allow immune system maturation and modulation of inflammation, both of which contribute to immune homeostasis. Thus, immune equilibrium is closely linked to microbiota stability and to the stages of microbial community succession during the host development. We will provide examples from several fish species and describe more extensively the mechanisms occurring in zebrafish model because immune system ontogeny is much more finely described for this species, thanks to the many existing zebrafish mutants which allow more precise investigations. We will conclude on how the conceptual framework associated to the research on the immune system will benefit from considering the relations between microbiota and immune system maturation. More precisely, the development of active tolerance of the microbiota from the earliest stages of life enables the sustainable establishment of a complex healthy microbial community in the adult host. Establishing a balanced host-microbiota interaction avoids triggering deleterious inflammation, and maintains immunological and microbiological homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zoé Auclert
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mousumi Sarker Chhanda
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Basherhat, Bangladesh
| | - Nicolas Derome
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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18
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Bouilloud M, Galan M, Pradel J, Loiseau A, Ferrero J, Gallet R, Roche B, Charbonnel N. Exploring the potential effects of forest urbanization on the interplay between small mammal communities and their gut microbiota. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:16. [PMID: 38528597 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Urbanization significantly impacts wild populations, favoring urban dweller species over those that are unable to adapt to rapid changes. These differential adaptative abilities could be mediated by the microbiome, which may modulate the host phenotype rapidly through a high degree of flexibility. Conversely, under anthropic perturbations, the microbiota of some species could be disrupted, resulting in dysbiosis and negative impacts on host fitness. The links between the impact of urbanization on host communities and their gut microbiota (GM) have only been scarcely explored. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the bacterial composition of the GM could play a role in host adaptation to urban environments. We described the GM of several species of small terrestrial mammals sampled in forested areas along a gradient of urbanization, using a 16S metabarcoding approach. We tested whether urbanization led to changes in small mammal communities and in their GM, considering the presence and abundance of bacterial taxa and their putative functions. This enabled to decipher the processes underlying these changes. We found potential impacts of urbanization on small mammal communities and their GM. The urban dweller species had a lower bacterial taxonomic diversity but a higher functional diversity and a different composition compared to urban adapter species. Their GM assembly was mostly governed by stochastic effects, potentially indicating dysbiosis. Selection processes and an overabundance of functions were detected that could be associated with adaptation to urban environments despite dysbiosis. In urban adapter species, the GM functional diversity and composition remained relatively stable along the urbanization gradient. This observation can be explained by functional redundancy, where certain taxa express the same function. This could favor the adaptation of urban adapter species in various environments, including urban settings. We can therefore assume that there are feedbacks between the gut microbiota and host species within communities, enabling rapid adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bouilloud
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, 750 Avenue Agropolis, 34988, Montferrier sur Lez, France.
| | - Maxime Galan
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Pradel
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Loiseau
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Ferrero
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Gallet
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Roche
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Charbonnel
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Salvadori M, Rosso G. Update on the gut microbiome in health and diseases. World J Methodol 2024; 14:89196. [PMID: 38577200 PMCID: PMC10989414 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i1.89196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The Human Microbiome Project, Earth Microbiome Project, and next-generation sequencing have advanced novel genome association, host genetic linkages, and pathogen identification. The microbiome is the sum of the microbes, their genetic information, and their ecological niche. This study will describe how millions of bacteria in the gut affect the human body in health and disease. The gut microbiome changes in relation with age, with an increase in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Host and environmental factors affecting the gut microbiome are diet, drugs, age, smoking, exercise, and host genetics. In addition, changes in the gut microbiome may affect the local gut immune system and systemic immune system. In this study, we discuss how the microbiome may affect the metabolism of healthy subjects or may affect the pathogenesis of metabolism-generating metabolic diseases. Due to the high number of publications on the argument, from a methodologically point of view, we decided to select the best papers published in referred journals in the last 3 years. Then we selected the previously published papers. The major goals of our study were to elucidate which microbiome and by which pathways are related to healthy and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Salvadori
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50139, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rosso
- Division of Nephrology, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence 50143, Toscana, Italy
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20
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Koutromanos I, Legaki E, Gazouli M, Vasilopoulos E, Kouzoupis A, Tzavellas E. Gut microbiome in alcohol use disorder: Implications for health outcomes and therapeutic strategies-a literature review. World J Methodol 2024; 14:88519. [PMID: 38577203 PMCID: PMC10989405 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i1.88519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) represents a major public health issue which affects millions of people globally and consist a chronic relapsing condition associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and has emerged as a significant contributor to the pathophysiology of various psychiatric disorders. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is intimately linked to the development and progression of AUD, with alcohol consumption directly impacting its composition and function. This review article aims to explore the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and AUD, focusing on the implications for mental health outcomes and potential therapeutic strategies. We discuss the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the brain, highlighting the role of microbiota-derived metabolites in neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and mood regulation. Furthermore, we examine the influence of AUD-related factors, such as alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability, on mental health outcomes. Finally, we explore emerging therapeutic avenues targeting the gut microbiome in the management of AUD, including prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Understanding the complex interplay between the gut microbiome and AUD holds promise for developing novel interventions that could improve mental health outcomes in individuals with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Koutromanos
- First Department of Psychiatry, "Aiginition" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Evangelia Legaki
- Department of Basic Biological Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Efthimios Vasilopoulos
- First Department of Psychiatry, "Aiginition" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Anastasios Kouzoupis
- First Department of Psychiatry, "Aiginition" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Elias Tzavellas
- First Department of Psychiatry, "Aiginition" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
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21
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Salvadori M, Rosso G. Update on the reciprocal interference between immunosuppressive therapy and gut microbiota after kidney transplantation. World J Transplant 2024; 14:90194. [PMID: 38576749 PMCID: PMC10989467 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v14.i1.90194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is often modified after kidney transplantation. This principally happens in the first period after transplantation. Antibiotics and, most of all, immunosuppressive drugs are the main responsible. The relationship between immunosuppressive drugs and the gut microbiota is bilateral. From one side immunosuppressive drugs modify the gut microbiota, often generating dysbiosis; from the other side microbiota may interfere with the immunosuppressant pharmacokinetics, producing products more or less active with respect to the original drug. These phenomena have influence over the graft outcomes and clinical consequences as rejections, infections, diarrhea may be caused by the dysbiotic condition. Corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and mTOR inhibitors are the immunosuppressive drugs whose effect on the gut microbiota is better known. In contrast is well known how the gut microbiota may interfere with glucocorticoids, which may be transformed into androgens. Tacrolimus may be transformed by micro biota into a product called M1 that is 15-fold less active with respect to tacrolimus. The pro-drug mycophenolate mofetil is normally transformed in mycophenolic acid that according the presence or not of microbes producing the enzyme glu curonidase, may be transformed into the inactive product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Salvadori
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50139, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rosso
- Division of Nephrology, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence 50143, Toscana, Italy
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Dey P. Good girl goes bad: Understanding how gut commensals cause disease. Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106617. [PMID: 38492827 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This review examines the complex connection between commensal microbiota and the development of opportunistic infections. Several underlying conditions, such as metabolic diseases and weakened immune systems, increase the vulnerability of patients to opportunistic infections. The increasing antibiotic resistance adds significant complexity to the management of infectious diseases. Although commensals have long been considered beneficial, recent research contradicts this notion by uncovering chronic illnesses linked to atypical pathogens or commensal bacteria. This review examines conditions in which commensal bacteria, which are usually beneficial, contribute to developing diseases. Commensals' support for opportunistic infections can be categorized based on factors such as colonization fitness, pathoadaptive mutation, and evasion of host immune response. Individuals with weakened immune systems are especially susceptible, highlighting the importance of mucosal host-microbiota interaction in promoting infection when conditions are inappropriate. Dysregulation of gut microbial homeostasis, immunological modulation, and microbial interactions are caused by several factors that contribute to the development of chronic illnesses. Knowledge about these mechanisms is essential for developing preventive measures, particularly for susceptible populations, and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balanced gut microbiota in reducing the impact of opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India.
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Fronton F, Villemur R, Robert D, St-Pierre Y. Divergent bacterial landscapes: unraveling geographically driven microbiomes in Atlantic cod. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6088. [PMID: 38480867 PMCID: PMC10938007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing microbiome signatures is now recognized as a critical step toward identifying genetic and environmental factors shaping animal-associated microbiomes and informing the health status of a given host. In the present work, we prospectively collected 63 blood samples of the Atlantic cod population of the Southern Gulf of Saint Lawrence (GSL) and characterized their 16S rRNA circulating microbiome signature. Our results revealed that the blood microbiome signature was dominated at the phylum level by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria, a typical signature for fish populations inhabiting the GSL and other marine ecosystems. At the genus level, however, we identified two distinct cod groups. While the microbiome signature of the first group was dominated by Pseudoalteromonas, a genus we previously found in the microbiome signature of Greenland and Atlantic halibut populations of the GSL, the second group had a microbiome signature dominated by Nitrobacter and Sediminibacterium (approximately 75% of the circulating microbiome). Cods harboring a Nitrobacter/Sediminibacterium-rich microbiome signature were localized in the most southern part of the GSL, just along the northern coast of Cape Breton Island. Atlantic cod microbiome signatures did not correlate with the weight, length, relative condition, depth, temperature, sex, and salinity, as previously observed in the halibut populations. Our study provides, for the first time, a unique snapshot of the circulating microbiome signature of Atlantic cod populations and the potential existence of dysbiotic signatures associated with the geographical distribution of the population, probably linked with the presence of nitrite in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Fronton
- INRS-Center Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Richard Villemur
- INRS-Center Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Dominique Robert
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310, allée des Ursulines, C.P. 3300, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Center Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Takahashi K, Kurokawa K, Miyagawa K, Mochida-Saito A, Takeda H, Tsuji M. Repeated antibiotic drug treatment negatively affects memory function and glutamatergic nervous system of the hippocampus in mice. Neurosci Lett 2024; 825:137711. [PMID: 38432356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is associated with memory; however, the relationship between dysbiosis-induced memory deficits and hippocampal glutamatergic neurons remains unclear. In our study, a mouse dysbiosis model showed impaired memory-related behavior in the passive avoidance test; decreased expression levels of glutaminase, excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT)1, EAAT2, vesicular glutamate transporter 2, synaptophysin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, doublecortin, neuronal nuclear protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S100β; and decreased phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunit 1, and cAMP response element-binding protein in the hippocampus. This suggests that dysbiosis-induced memory dysfunction is associated with the hippocampal glutamatergic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kurokawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Atsumi Mochida-Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Okawa, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan.
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JohnBritto JS, Di Ciaula A, Noto A, Cassano V, Sciacqua A, Khalil M, Portincasa P, Bonfrate L. Gender-specific insights into the irritable bowel syndrome pathophysiology. Focus on gut dysbiosis and permeability. Eur J Intern Med 2024:S0953-6205(24)00105-5. [PMID: 38467533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder involving the brain-gut interaction. IBS is characterized by persistent abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. IBS exerts significant impacts on quality of life and imposes huge economic costs. Global epidemiological data reveal variations in IBS prevalence, both globally and between genders, necessitating comprehensive studies to uncover potential societal and cultural influences. While the exact pathophysiology of IBS remains incompletely understood, the mechanism involves a dysregulation of the brain-gut axis, leading to disturbed intestinal motility, local inflammation, altered intestinal permeability, visceral sensitivity, and gut microbiota composition. We reviewed several gender-related pathophysiological aspects of IBS pathophysiology, by focusing on gut dysbiosis and intestinal permeability. This perspective paves the way to personalized and multidimensional clinical management of individuals with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerlin Stephy JohnBritto
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonino Noto
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Velia Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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26
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Evans T, Litton E. Letter to the editor: "The human gut microbiome in critical illness: Disruptions, consequences, and therapeutic frontiers". J Crit Care 2024; 82:154768. [PMID: 38460296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2024.154768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tess Evans
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Service, Herston, Australia; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Australia.
| | - Edward Litton
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Intensive Care Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, South Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Australia
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Labetoulle M, Baudouin C, Benitez Del Castillo JM, Rolando M, Rescigno M, Messmer EM, Aragona P. How gut microbiota may impact ocular surface homeostasis and related disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024:101250. [PMID: 38460758 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the bacterial flora in the gut, also described as gut microbiota, are readily acknowledged to be associated with several systemic diseases, especially those with an inflammatory, neuronal, psychological or hormonal factor involved in the pathogenesis and/or the perception of the disease. Maintaining ocular surface homeostasis is also based on all these four factors, and there is accumulating evidence in the literature on the relationship between gut microbiota and ocular surface diseases. The mechanisms involved are mostly interconnected due to the interaction of central and peripheral neuronal networks, inflammatory effectors and the hormonal system. A better understanding of the influence of the gut microbiota on the maintenance of ocular surface homeostasis, and on the onset or persistence of ocular surface disorders could bring new insights and help elucidate the epidemiology and pathology of ocular surface dynamics in health and disease. Revealing the exact nature of these associations could be of paramount importance for developing a holistic approach using highly promising new therapeutic strategies targeting ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Départment, Hopital Bicetre, APHP, Université Paris-Saclay, IDMIT Infrastructure, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Hôpital National de la Vision des Quinze, Vingts, IHU ForeSight, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France.
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Hôpital National de la Vision des Quinze, Vingts, IHU ForeSight, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Jose M Benitez Del Castillo
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Clínica Rementeria, Instituto Investigaciones Oftalmologicas Ramon Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maurizio Rolando
- Ocular Surface and Dry Eye Center, ISPRE Ophthalmics, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, MI, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Aragona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Duong JT, Pope CE, Hayden HS, Miller C, Salipante SJ, Rowe SM, Solomon GM, Nichols D, Hoffman LR, Narkewicz MR, Green N. Alterations in the fecal microbiota in patients with advanced cystic fibrosis liver disease after 6 months of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor. J Cyst Fibros 2024:S1569-1993(24)00029-8. [PMID: 38448281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis associated liver disease (CFLD) carries a significant disease burden with no effective preventive therapies. According to the gut-liver axis hypothesis for CFLD pathogenesis, dysbiosis and increased intestinal inflammation and permeability permit pathogenic bacterial translocation into the portal circulation, leading to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Evaluating the effect of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) modulation with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) may help determine the role of CFTR in CFLD and increase understanding of CFLD pathogenesis, which is critical for developing therapies. We aimed to characterize the fecal microbiota in participants with CF with and without advanced CFLD (aCFLD) before and after ETI. METHODS This is an ancillary analysis of stool samples from participants ages ≥12 y/o enrolled in PROMISE (NCT04038047). Included participants had aCFLD (cirrhosis with or without portal hypertension, or non-cirrhotic portal hypertension) or CF without liver disease (CFnoLD). Fecal microbiota were defined by shotgun metagenomic sequencing at baseline and 1 and 6 months post-ETI. RESULTS We analyzed 93 samples from 34 participants (11 aCFLD and 23 CFnoLD). Compared to CFnoLD, aCFLD had significantly higher baseline relative abundances of potential pathogens Streptococcus salivarius and Veillonella parvula. Four of 11 aCFLD participants had an initially abnormal fecal calprotectin that normalized 6 months post-ETI, correlating with a significant decrease in S. salivarius and a trend towards decreasing V. parvula. CONCLUSIONS These results support an association between dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation in CFLD with improvements in both post-ETI, lending further support to the gut-liver axis in aCFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T Duong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher E Pope
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hillary S Hayden
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carson Miller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen J Salipante
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Department of Medicine and the Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - George M Solomon
- Department of Medicine and the Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David Nichols
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lucas R Hoffman
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael R Narkewicz
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado and Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicole Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Waitzberg D, Guarner F, Hojsak I, Ianiro G, Polk DB, Sokol H. Can the Evidence-Based Use of Probiotics (Notably Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) Mitigate the Clinical Effects of Antibiotic-Associated Dysbiosis? Adv Ther 2024; 41:901-914. [PMID: 38286962 PMCID: PMC10879266 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-024-02783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Dysbiosis corresponds to the disruption of a formerly stable, functionally complete microbiota. In the gut, this imbalance can lead to adverse health outcomes in both the short and long terms, with a potential increase in the lifetime risks of various noncommunicable diseases and disorders such as atopy (like asthma), inflammatory bowel disease, neurological disorders, and even behavioural and psychological disorders. Although antibiotics are highly effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in infectious diseases, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea is a common, non-negligible clinical sign of gut dysbiosis (and the only visible one). Re-establishment of a normal (functional) gut microbiota is promoted by completion of the clinically indicated course of antibiotics, the removal of any other perturbing external factors, the passage of time (i.e. recovery through the microbiota's natural resilience), appropriate nutritional support, and-in selected cases-the addition of probiotics. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials have confirmed the strain-specific efficacy of some probiotics (notably the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and the bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) in the treatment and/or prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children and in adults. Unusually for a probiotic, S. boulardii is a eukaryote and is not therefore directly affected by antibiotics-making it suitable for administration in cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. A robust body of evidence from clinical trials and meta-analyses shows that the timely administration of an adequately dosed probiotic (upon initiation of antibiotic treatment or within 48 h) can help to prevent or resolve the consequences of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis (such as diarrhoea) and promote the resilience of the gut microbiota and a return to the pre-antibiotic state. A focus on the prescription of evidence-based, adequately dosed probiotics should help to limit unjustified and potentially ineffective self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Waitzberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, LIM-35, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Iva Hojsak
- Referral Centre for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie Dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - D Brent Polk
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Harry Sokol
- Gastroenterology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAe, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France.
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Shahzad M, Saeed M, Amin H, Binmadi N, Ullah Z, Bibi S, Andrew SC. The oral microbiome of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients; a pilot study. Genomics 2024; 116:110816. [PMID: 38431030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in oral microbiota composition (dysbiosis) have long been known to play a key role in the pathogenesis of oral and systemic diseases including respiratory diseases. However, till now, no study has assessed changes in oral microbiota following tuberculosis (TB) infection in humans. AIMS This is the first study of its kind that aimed to investigate oral microbial dysbiosis in newly diagnosed, treatment naïve, TB patients. METHODS Oral swab samples were collected from newly diagnosed TB patients (n = 20) and age, gender and ethnicity matched healthy controls (n = 10). DNA was extracted and microbiota analyzed by sequencing the hypervariable (V3-V4) region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq platform. Bioinformatics and statistical analyses were performed using QIIME and R. RESULTS Bacterial richness, diversity and community composition were significantly different between TB patients and healthy controls. The two groups also exhibit differential abundance at phylum, class, genus and species levels. LEfSe analysis revealed enrichment (LDA scores (log10) >2, P < 0.05) of Firmicutes (especially Streptococcus) and Actinobacteriota (especially Rothia) in TB patients relative to healthy controls. Gene function prediction analysis showed upregulation of metabolic pathways related to carbohydrates (butanoate, galactose) and fatty acids metabolism, antibiotics biosynthesis, proteosome and immune system signaling. CONCLUSION These observations suggest significant variations in diversity, relative abundance and functional potential of oral microbiota of TB patients compared to healthy controls thereby suggesting potential role of oral bacterial dysbiosis in TB pathogenesis. However, longitudinal studies using powerful metagenomic and transcriptomic approaches are crucial to more fully understand and confrim these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahzad
- Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayat Abad Phase 5, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayat Abad Phase 5, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Amin
- Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad 45710, Pakistan
| | - Nada Binmadi
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar Ullah
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayat Abad Phase 5, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sana Bibi
- Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad 45710, Pakistan
| | - Simon C Andrew
- School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EX, UK.
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31
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Furune S, Suzuki T, Honda T, Yamamoto K, Furukawa K, Nakamura M, Ishigami M, Kinoshita F, Kadota Y, Tochio T, Shimomura Y, Hirooka Y, Fujishiro M, Kawashima H. Effects of 1-kestose on microbiome changes caused by vonoprazan: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:480-488. [PMID: 38149305 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Potassium-competitive acid blockers more strongly suppress the gastric acid barrier than proton pump inhibitors and cause dysbiosis. However, preventive measures in this regard have not been established. We aimed to evaluate whether 1-kestose, a known prebiotic, was effective at alleviating dysbiosis caused by potassium-competitive acid blockers. METHODS Patients scheduled to undergo endoscopic resection for superficial gastroduodenal tumors were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to receive either 1-kestose or placebo. All patients were started on potassium-competitive acid blocker (vonoprazan 20 mg/day) and took 1-kestose 10 g/day or placebo (maltose) 5 g/day for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the effect of 1-kestose on potassium-competitive acid blocker-induced alterations in the microbiome. The fecal microbiome was analyzed before and after potassium-competitive acid blocker treatment via MiSeq (16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region). RESULTS Forty patients were enrolled, and 16 in each group were analyzed. In the placebo group, the Simpson index, an alpha diversity, was significantly decreased and relative abundance of Streptococcus was significantly increased by 1.9-fold. In the kestose group, the Simpson index did not change significantly and relative abundance of Streptococcus increased 1.3-fold, but this was not a significant change. In both groups, no adverse events occurred, ulcers were well healed, and pretreatment and posttreatment short-chain fatty acid levels did not differ. CONCLUSIONS The potassium-competitive acid blocker caused dysbiosis in the placebo group; this effect was prevented by 1-kestose. Thus, 1-kestose may be useful in dysbiosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Furune
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanao Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumie Kinoshita
- Statistical Analysis Section, Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiharu Shimomura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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P Córdova AL, Z M Fontanella S, Colonetti T, Rodrigues Uggioni ML, Grande AJ, Saggioratto MC, Schmitt Testoni E, Rosa MI. Role of vulvovaginal candidiasis infection in infertility: systematic review and meta-analysis. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:65-74. [PMID: 38153623 PMCID: PMC10920545 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between fungal infection in the female genital tract and infertility. DATA SOURCES A systematic review was carried out, and the search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases until August 2022. The search strategy used standardized keywords such as "candidiasis" and "infertility," combined with their respective synonyms. The search was limited to human studies, with no language restrictions. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Primary articles that evaluated women of reproductive age with and without infertility and related to the presence or absence of candidiasis were included. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS For the analyses, the odds ratio association measure was used with a confidence interval of 95% using RevMan software (version 5.4). RESULTS Eight studies, published between 1995 and 2021 in different countries around the world, were included in this systematic review. Two studies were excluded after sensitivity analysis. A total of 909 participants were included in the group of infertile women and 2363 women in the control group. The age of the evaluated women varied between 18 and 50 years. The random effect model was used and showed no significant difference when comparing candidiasis between fertile and infertile women (odds ratio: 1.44; 95% confidence interval 0.86, 2.41 p= 0.17). CONCLUSIONS There was no association between candidiasis and female sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza P Córdova
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Medical Residency Program, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Stéfani Z M Fontanella
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Medical Residency Program, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Tamy Colonetti
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura Rodrigues Uggioni
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Antonio José Grande
- Laboratory of Evidence-Based Practice, Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Saggioratto
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Schmitt Testoni
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Rosa
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Xiaowen C, Jiahao L, Zhaorun D, Wenfeng L, Richou H, Yanping C, Huichun X, Yi Z. Honeybee symbiont Bombella apis could restore larval-to-pupal transition disrupted by antibiotic treatment. J Insect Physiol 2024; 153:104601. [PMID: 38142957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the vital roles of gut microbes in the health, immunity, nutrient metabolism, and behavior of adult worker honeybees. However, a few studies have been conducted on gut microbiota associated with the larval stage of honeybees. In the present study, we explored the role of a gut bacterium in larval development and larval-pupal transition in the Asian honeybee, Apis cerana. First, our examination of gut microbial profiling showed that Bombella apis, a larvae-associated bacterium, was the most dominant bacterium colonized in the fifth instar larvae. Second, we demonstrated that tetracycline, an antibiotic used to treat a honeybee bacterial brood disease, could cause the complete depletion of gut bacteria. This antibiotic-induced gut microbiome depletion in turn, significantly impacted the survivorship, pupation rate and emergence rate of the treated larvae. Furthermore, our analysis of gene expression pattens revealed noteworthy changes in key genes. The expression of genes responsible for encoding storage proteins vitellogenin (vg) and major royal jelly protein 1 (mrjp1) was significantly down-regulated in the tetracycline-treated larvae. Concurrently, the expression of krüppel homolog 1(kr-h1), a pivotal gene in endocrine signaling, increased, whilethe expression of broad-complex (br-c) gene that plays a key role in the ecdysone regulation decreased. These alterations indicated a disruption in the coordination of juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid synthesis. Finally, we cultivated B. apis isolated from the fifth instar worker larval of A. cerana and fed tetracycline-treated larvae with a diet replenished by B. apis. This intervention resulted in a significant improvement in the pupation rate, emergence rate, and overall survival rate of the treated larvae. Our findings demonstrate the positive impact of B. apis on honeybee larvae development, providing new evidence of the functional capacities of gut microbes in honeybee growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xiaowen
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources, Qinghai Normal University, Xi'ning 810008, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Li Jiahao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Ding Zhaorun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Li Wenfeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Han Richou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Chen Yanping
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Xie Huichun
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources, Qinghai Normal University, Xi'ning 810008, China; Qinghai Ecosystem Observation and Research Station in the Southern Qilian Mountains, Haidong 810500, China.
| | - Zhang Yi
- School of Chinese Medicinal Resource, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu 527527, China.
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Mahno NE, Tay DD, Khalid NS, Yassim ASM, Alias NS, Termizi SA, Kasian J, Mokhtar NM, Ahmad HF. The Relationship Between Gut Microbiome Estrobolome and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Current Evidences. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:1-19. [PMID: 38468730 PMCID: PMC10924874 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent kind of cancer and the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, behind heart disease. Next-generation sequencing technologies enables for unprecedented enumeration of human resident gut microorganisms, conferring novel insights into the role of the microbiota in health and individuals with breast cancer. A growing body of research on microbial dysbiosis seems to indicate an elevated risk of health complications including cancer. Although several dysbiosis indices have been proposed, their underlying methodology, as well as the cohorts and conditions of breast cancer patients are significantly different. To date, these indices have not yet been thoroughly reviewed especially when it comes to researching the estrogen-gut microbiota axis. Instead of providing a thorough rating of the most effective diversity measurements, the current work aims to be used to assess the relevance of each study's findings across the demographic data, different subtypes, and stages of breast cancer, and tie them to the estrobolome, which controls the amount of oestrogen that circulates through humans. This review will cover 11 studies which will go into a detailed discussion for the microbiome results of the mentioned studies, leaving to the user the final choice of the most suited indices as well as highlight the observed bacteria found to be related to the estrobolome in hopes of giving the reader a better understanding for the biological cross-talk between gut microbiome and breast cancer progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01135-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ezmas Mahno
- Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - Darren Dean Tay
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, University Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syazwani Khalid
- Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - Aini Syahida Mat Yassim
- Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - Nor Syuhada Alias
- Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - Sahrol Azmi Termizi
- Division of Disease Control, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 62590 Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Junaini Kasian
- Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - Norfilza Mohd Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hajar Fauzan Ahmad
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, University Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Medina-Felix D, Vargas-Albores F, Garibay-Valdez E, Martínez-Córdova LR, Martínez-Porchas M. Gastrointestinal dysbiosis induced by Nocardia sp. infection in tilapia. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics 2024; 49:101154. [PMID: 37976964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Nocardiosis has caused high mortalities among fish cultures; however, the effects of Nocardia infections in the fish gastrointestinal microbiota are unknown. In this research, tilapia was infected with Nocardia sp., to analyze the effect of infection on the gastrointestinal microbiota. Tilapia infected with Nocardia sp. reported a 46 % survival (100 % in non-infected). Moreover, the infection caused severe damage to the stomach microbiota, with a loss of diversity and a significant increase of Proteobacteria (94.8 %), resulting in a negative correlation network between Proteobacteria and other important phyla. Nocardia sp. is an emerging pathogen capable of inducing dysbiosis and causing significant mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Vargas-Albores
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Biology of Aquatic Organisms, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Estefanía Garibay-Valdez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Biology of Aquatic Organisms, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Luis Rafael Martínez-Córdova
- Universidad de Sonora, Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Marcel Martínez-Porchas
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Biology of Aquatic Organisms, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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Taherkhani H, KavianFar A, Aminnezhad S, Lanjanian H, Ahmadi A, Azimzadeh S, Masoudi-Nejad A. Deciphering the impact of microbial interactions on COPD exacerbation: An in-depth analysis of the lung microbiome. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24775. [PMID: 38370212 PMCID: PMC10869780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In microbiome studies, the diversity and types of microbes have been extensively explored; however, the significance of microbial ecology is equally paramount. The comprehension of metabolic interactions among the wide array of microorganisms in the lung microbiota is indispensable for understanding chronic pulmonary disease and for the development of potent treatments. In this investigation, metabolic networks were simulated, and ecological theory was employed to assess the diagnosis of COPD, subsequently suggesting innovative treatment strategies for COPD exacerbation. Lung sputum 16S rRNA paired-end data from 112 COPD patients were utilized, and a supervised machine-learning algorithm was applied to identify taxa associated with sex and mortality. Subsequently, an OTU table with Greengenes 99 % dataset was generated. Finally, the interactions between bacterial species were analyzed using a simulated metabolic network. A total of 1781 OTUs and 1740 bacteria at the genus level were identified. We employed an additional dataset to validate our analyses. Notably, among the more abundant genera, Pseudomonas was detected in females, while Lactobacillus was detected in males. Additionally, a decrease in bacterial diversity was observed during COPD exacerbation, and mortality was associated with the high abundance of the Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas genera. Moreover, an increase in Proteobacteria abundance was observed during COPD exacerbations. In contrast, COPD patients exhibited decreased levels of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Significant connections between microbial ecology and bacterial diversity in COPD patients were discovered, highlighting the critical role of microbial ecology in the understanding of COPD. Through the simulation of metabolic interactions among bacteria, the observed dysbiosis in COPD was elucidated. Furthermore, the prominence of anaerobic bacteria in COPD patients was revealed to be influenced by parasitic relationships. These findings have the potential to contribute to improved clinical management strategies for COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Taherkhani
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Azadeh KavianFar
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Sargol Aminnezhad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Lanjanian
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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37
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Tanwar H, Gnanasekaran JM, Allison D, Chuang LS, He X, Aimetti M, Baima G, Costalonga M, Cross RK, Sears C, Mehandru S, Cho J, Colombel JF, Raufman JP, Thumbigere-Math V. Unraveling the Oral-Gut axis: Interconnection between Periodontitis and IBD, Current Challenges, and Future Perspective. J Crohns Colitis 2024:jjae028. [PMID: 38417137 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
As the opposite ends of the orodigestive tract, the oral cavity and the intestine share anatomical, microbial, and immunological ties that have bidirectional health implications. A growing body of evidence suggests an interconnection between oral pathologies and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), implying a shift from the traditional concept of independent diseases to a complex, reciprocal cycle. This review outlines the evidence supporting an "Oral-Gut" axis, marked by a higher prevalence of periodontitis and other oral conditions in IBD patients and vice versa. We present an in-depth examination of the interconnection between oral pathologies and IBD, highlighting the shared microbiological and immunological pathways, and proposing a "multi-hit" hypothesis in the pathogenesis of periodontitis-mediated intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, the review underscores the critical need for a collaborative approach between dentists and gastroenterologists to provide holistic oral-systemic healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Tanwar
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Devon Allison
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ling-Shiang Chuang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuesong He
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Costalonga
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Raymond K Cross
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Sears
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judy Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Thumbigere-Math
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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38
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He QJ, Li YF, Zhao LT, Lin CT, Yu CY, Wang D. Recent advances in age-related metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:652-662. [PMID: 38515956 PMCID: PMC10950625 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i7.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects approximately 25% of the world's population and has become a leading cause of chronic liver disease. In recent years, an increasing amount of data suggests that MASLD is associated with aging. As the population ages, age-related MASLD will become a major global health problem. Targeting an aging will become a new approach to the treatment of MASLD. This paper reviews the current studies on the role of aging-related factors and therapeutic targets in MASLD, including: Oxidative stress, autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, bile acid metabolism homeostasis, and dysbiosis. The aim is to identify effective therapeutic targets for age-related MASLD and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Jun He
- College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi-Fei Li
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Jilin Central Hospital, Jilin 132001, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ling-Tong Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chun-Tong Lin
- College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chun-Yan Yu
- College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
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Ross FC, Mayer DE, Gupta A, Gill CIR, Del Rio D, Cryan JF, Lavelle A, Ross RP, Stanton C, Mayer EA. Existing and Future Strategies to Manipulate the Gut Microbiota With Diet as a Potential Adjuvant Treatment for Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:348-360. [PMID: 37918459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition and diet quality play key roles in preventing and slowing cognitive decline and have been linked to multiple brain disorders. This review compiles available evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials on the impact of nutrition and interventions regarding major psychiatric conditions and some neurological disorders. We emphasize the potential role of diet-related microbiome alterations in these effects and highlight commonalities between various brain disorders related to the microbiome. Despite numerous studies shedding light on these findings, there are still gaps in our understanding due to the limited availability of definitive human trial data firmly establishing a causal link between a specific diet and microbially mediated brain functions and symptoms. The positive impact of certain diets on the microbiome and cognitive function is frequently ascribed with the anti-inflammatory effects of certain microbial metabolites or a reduction of proinflammatory microbial products. We also critically review recent research on pro- and prebiotics and nondietary interventions, particularly fecal microbiota transplantation. The recent focus on diet in relation to brain disorders could lead to improved treatment outcomes with combined dietary, pharmacological, and behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Ross
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dylan E Mayer
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Arpana Gupta
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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40
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Trivedi PJ, Hirschfield GM, Adams DH, Vierling JM. Immunopathogenesis of Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Autoimmune Hepatitis: Themes and Concepts. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)00165-3. [PMID: 38342195 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune liver diseases include primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis, a family of chronic immune-mediated disorders that target hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Treatments remain nonspecific, variably effective, and noncurative, and the need for liver transplantation is disproportionate to their rarity. Development of effective therapies requires better knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms, including the roles of genetic risk, and how the environment and gut dysbiosis cause immune cell dysfunction and aberrant bile acid signaling. This review summarizes key etiologic and pathogenic concepts and themes relevant for clinical practice and how such learning can guide the development of new therapies for people living with autoimmune liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak J Trivedi
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David H Adams
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - John M Vierling
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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Radocchia G, Marazzato M, Harbi KB, Capuzzo E, Pantanella F, De Giorgio R, Guarino M, Costanzini A, Zenzeri L, Parisi P, Ferretti A, Felici E, Palamara AT, Di Nardo G, Schippa S. Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: associations with gut microbiota and genes expression of intestinal serotonergic pathway. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:48. [PMID: 38302874 PMCID: PMC10835911 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) is a rare disease characterized by symptoms and radiological signs suggestive of intestinal obstruction, in the absence of lumen-occluding lesions. It results from an extremely severe impairment of propulsive motility. The intestinal endocrine system (IES) jointly with the enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates secreto-motor functions via different hormones and bioactive messengers/neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (or serotonin) is linked to intestinal peristalsis and secretory reflexes. Gut microbiota and its interplay with ENS affect 5-HT synthesis, release, and the subsequent serotonin receptor activation. To date, the interplay between 5-HT and gut microbiota in PIPO remains largely unclear. This study aimed to assess correlations between mucosa associated microbiota (MAM), intestinal serotonin-related genes expression in PIPO. To this purpose, biopsies of the colon, ileum and duodenum have been collected from 7 PIPO patients, and 7 age-/sex-matched healthy controls. After DNA extraction, the MAM was assessed by next generation sequencing (NGS) of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial RNA 16 S, on an Illumina Miseq platform. The expression of genes implicated in serotoninergic pathway (TPH1, SLC6A4, 5-HTR3 and 5-HTR4) was established by qPCR, and correlations with MAM and clinical parameters of PIPO have been evaluated. RESULTS Our results revealed that PIPO patients exhibit a MAM with a different composition and with dysbiosis, i.e. with a lower biodiversity and fewer less connected species with a greater number of non-synergistic relationships, compared to controls. qPCR results revealed modifications in the expression of serotonin-related intestinal genes in PIPO patients, when compared to controls. Correlation analysis do not reveal any kind of connection. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we report in PIPO patients a specific MAM associated to underlying pathology and an altered intestinal serotonin pathway. A possible dysfunction of the serotonin pathway, possibly related to or triggered by an altered microbiota, may contribute to dysmotility in PIPO patients. The results of our pilot study provide the basis for new biomarkers and innovative therapies targeting the microbiota or serotonin pathways in PIPO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Radocchia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Marazzato
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Karim Ben Harbi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Capuzzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pantanella
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Guarino
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Costanzini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Letizia Zenzeri
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Pediatric Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Pediatric Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ferretti
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Pediatric Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Felici
- Unit of Pediatrics, The Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Nardo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Serena Schippa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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DeChristopher LR. 40 years of adding more fructose to high fructose corn syrup than is safe, through the lens of malabsorption and altered gut health-gateways to chronic disease. Nutr J 2024; 23:16. [PMID: 38302919 PMCID: PMC10835987 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Labels do not disclose the excess-free-fructose/unpaired-fructose content in foods/beverages. Objective was to estimate excess-free-fructose intake using USDA loss-adjusted-food-availability (LAFA) data (1970-2019) for high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and apple juice, major sources of excess-free-fructose, for comparison with malabsorption dosages (~ 5 g-children/ ~ 10 g-adults). Unlike sucrose and equimolar fructose/glucose, unpaired-fructose triggers fructose malabsorption and its health consequences. Daily intakes were calculated for HFCS that is generally-recognized-as-safe/ (55% fructose/45% glucose), and variants (65/35, 60/40) with higher fructose-to-glucose ratios (1.9:1, 1.5:1), as measured by independent laboratories. Estimations include consumer-level-loss (CLL) allowances used before (20%), and after, subjective, retroactively-applied increases (34%), as recommended by corn-refiners (~ 2012). No contributions from crystalline-fructose or agave syrup were included due to lack of LAFA data. High-excess-free-fructose-fruits (apples/pears/watermelons/mangoes) were not included. Eaten in moderation they are less likely to trigger malabsorption. Another objective was to identify potential parallel trends between excess-free-fructose intake and the "unexplained" US asthma epidemic. The fructose/gut-dysbiosis/lung axis is well documented, case-study evidence and epidemiological research link HFCS/apple juice intake with asthma, and unlike gut-dysbiosis/gut-fructosylation, childhood asthma prevalence data spans > 40 years. Results Excess-free-fructose daily intake for individuals consuming HFCS with an average 1.5:1 fructose-to-glucose ratio, ranged from 0.10 g/d in 1970, to 11.3 g/d in 1999, to 6.5 g/d in 2019, and for those consuming HFCS with an average 1.9:1 ratio, intakes ranged from 0.13 g/d to 16.9 g/d (1999), to 9.7 g/d in 2019, based upon estimates with a 20% CLL allowance. Intake exceeded dosages that trigger malabsorption (~ 5 g) around ~ 1980. By the early 1980's, tripled apple juice intake had added ~ 0.5 g to average-per-capita excess-free-fructose intake. Contributions were higher (~ 3.8 g /4-oz.) for individuals consuming apple juice consistent with a healthy eating pattern (4-oz. children, 8-oz. adults). The "unexplained" childhood asthma epidemic (1980-present) parallels increasing average-per-capita HFCS/apple juice intake trends and reflects epidemiological research findings. Conclusion Displacement of sucrose with HFCS, its ubiquitous presence in the US food-supply, the industry practice of adding more fructose to HFCS than generally-recognized-as-safe, and increased use of apple juice/crystalline fructose/agave syrup in foods/beverages has contributed to unprecedented excess-free-fructose intake levels, fructose malabsorption, gut-dysbiosis and gut-fructosylation (immunogen burden)-gateways to chronic disease.
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Shen Y, Yu X, Wang Q, Yao X, Lu D, Zhou D, Wang X. Association between primary Sjögren's syndrome and gut microbiota disruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:603-619. [PMID: 37682372 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of gut microbiota disruption for numerous autoimmune diseases has accumulated. Recently, the relationship between the microbiota and primary Sjögren's disease has been increasingly investigated but has yet to be systematically elucidated. Therefore, a meta-analysis of publications dealing on topic was conducted. Case-control studies comparing primary Sjögren's syndrome patients and healthy controls (HCs) were systematically searched in nine databases from inception to March 1, 2023. The primary result quantitatively evaluated in this meta-analysis was the α-diversity. The secondary results qualitatively extracted and analyzed were the β-diversity and relative abundance. In total, 22 case-control studies covering 915 pSS patients and 2103 HCs were examined. The quantitative analysis revealed a slight reduction in α-diversity in pSS patients compared to HCs, with a lower Shannon-Wiener index (SMD = - 0.46, (- 0.68, - 0.25), p < 0.0001, I2 = 71%), Chao1 richness estimator (SMD = - 0.59, (- 0.86, - 0.32), p < 0.0001, I2 = 81%), and ACE index (SMD = - 0.92, (- 1.64, - 0.19), p = 0.01, I2 = 86%). However, the Simpson index (SMD = 0.01, (- 0.43, 0.46) p = 0.95, I2 = 86%) was similar in the two groups. The β-diversity significantly differed between pSS patients and HCs. Variations in the abundance of specific microbes and their metabolites and potential functions contribute to the pSS pathogenesis. Notably, the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes decreased, while that of Proteobacteria increased. SCFA-producing microbes including Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium, Butyricicoccus, and Eubacterium hallii were depleted. In addition to diversity, the abundances of some specific microbes were related to clinical parameters. According to this systematic review and meta-analysis, gut microbiota dysbiosis, including reduced diversity, was associated with proinflammatory bacterium enrichment and anti-inflammatory bacterium depletion in pSS patients. Further research on the relationship between the gut microbiota and pSS is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Yao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingqi Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donghai Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xinchang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Kavita, Om H, Chand U, Kushawaha PK. Postbiotics: An alternative and innovative intervention for the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Microbiol Res 2024; 279:127550. [PMID: 38016379 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a persistent gastrointestinal (GI) tract inflammatory disease characterized by downregulated mucosal immune activities and a disrupted microbiota environment in the intestinal lumen. The involvement of bacterium postbiotics as mediators between the immune system and gut microbiome could be critical in determining why host-microbial relationships are disrupted in IBD. Postbiotics including Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), Organic acids, Proteins, Vitamins, Bacteriocins, and Tryptophan (Trp) are beneficial bioactive compounds formed via commensal microbiota in the gut environment during the fermentation process that can be used to improve consumer health. The use of metabolites or fragments from microorganisms can be a very attractive treatment and prevention technique in modern medicine. Postbiotics are essential in the immune system's development since they alter the barrier tightness, and the gut ecology and indirectly shape the microbiota's structure. As a result, postbiotics may be beneficial in treating or preventing various diseases, even some for which there is no effective causative medication. Postbiotics may be a promising tool for the treatment of IBD in individuals of all ages, genders, and even geographical locations. Direct distribution of postbiotics may provide a new frontier in microbiome-based therapy for IBD since it allows both the management of host homeostasis and the correction of the negative implications of dysbiosis. Further studies of the biological effects of these metabolites are expected to reveal innovative applications in medicine and beyond. This review attempts to explore the possible postbiotic-based interventions for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Hari Om
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Umesh Chand
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Kushawaha
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India.
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Pamanji R, Kumareshan TN, Priya S L, Sivan G, Selvin J. Exploring the impact of antibiotics, microplastics, nanoparticles, and pesticides on zebrafish gut microbiomes: Insights into composition, interactions, and health implications. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140867. [PMID: 38048833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the impact of various chemical entities like pesticides, antibiotics, nanoparticles and microplastic on gut microbiota of zebrafish. Gut microbiota plays a vital role in metabolic regulation in every organism. As majority of metabolic pathways coordinated by microbiota, small alterations associated with mild to serious outcomes. Because of their unstoppable usage in day-to-day life, the present-day research on gut microbiota is mostly comprising aforementioned chemicals. It is better to understand how gut microbiome is dysbiosed by various environmental factors, to keep our microbiota safe. We tried to delineate the natural flora of zebrafish gut microbiome and the metabolic and other pathways associated and what are the common flora that was dysbiosed during the treatment. Based on the existing literature, we reviewed pesticides like Imazalil, Difenoconazole, Chlorpyrifos, Metamifop, Carbendazim, Imidacloprid, Phoxim, Niclosamide, Dieldrin, and antibiotics like Oxytetracycline, Enrofloxacin, Florfenicol, Sulfamethoxazole, Tetracycline, Streptomycin, Doxycycline, and in the category of nanoparticles, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2), Abalone viscera hydrolysates decorated silver nanoparticles (AVH-AgNPs), Lead-halide perovskite nanoparticles (LHP NPs), Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs), silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and microplastic types like polyethylene and polystyrene microplastic. Other studies with miscellaneous chemical entities on zebrafish gut microbiome include Ferulic acid, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Cadmium, Disinfection by-products, Triclosan, microcystin-LR, Fluoride, and Amitriptyline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Pamanji
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
| | - T N Kumareshan
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Lakshmi Priya S
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Gisha Sivan
- Division Medical Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603203, India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
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Singh A, Midha V, Chauhan NS, Sood A. Current perspectives on fecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024; 43:129-144. [PMID: 38334893 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality within the domain of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While FMT has secured approval and demonstrated efficacy in addressing recurrent and refractory Clostridioides difficile infection, its application in IBD remains an area of active exploration and research. The current status of FMT in IBD reflects a nuanced landscape, with ongoing investigations delving into its effectiveness, safety and optimal implementation. Early-stage clinical trials and observational studies have provided insights into the potential of FMT to modulate the dysbiotic gut microbiota associated with IBD, aiming to mitigate inflammation and promote mucosal healing. However, considerable complexities persist, including variations in donor selection, treatment protocols and outcome assessments. Challenges in standardizing FMT protocols for IBD treatment are compounded by the dynamic nature of the gut microbiome and the heterogeneity of IBD itself. Despite these challenges, enthusiasm for FMT in IBD emanates from its capacity to address gut microbial dysbiosis, signifying a paradigm shift towards more comprehensive approaches in IBD management. As ongoing research progresses, an enhanced understanding of FMT's role in IBD therapy is anticipated. This article synthesizes the current status of FMT in IBD, elucidating the attendant challenges and aspiring towards the refinement of its application for improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshdeep Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 141 001, India
| | - Vandana Midha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 141 001, India
| | - Nar Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124 001, India
| | - Ajit Sood
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 141 001, India.
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Pakmehr A, Mousavi SM, Ejtahed HS, Hoseini-Tavassol Z, Siadat SD, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Larijani B. The Effect of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Ther 2024; 46:e87-e100. [PMID: 38087724 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is increasing along with its predisposing factors and adverse consequences. As gut microbiota dysbiosis is established in these patients, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which alters the bacterial composition of the intestine, supposedly can help improve cardiometabolic disturbances. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the impact of FMT on the cardiometabolic parameters and gut microbiota composition of patients experiencing at least one cardiometabolic issue. METHODS Eligible studies were searched through the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until December 2022. The initial search results underwent duplication removal and screening until each included study was scanned for intended data. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the methodologic accuracy of studies and the random effects model was used for conducting the meta-analysis. FINDINGS Eighteen of the original 2414 articles from the literature search were entered into the systematic review; of these, 11 were included in the meta-analysis. Insulin showed a significant decrease by 24.7 pmol/L (weighted mean difference [WMD], -24.77; 95% CI, -48.704 to -0.848) after short-term follow-up, and HDL increased by 0.1 mmol/l(WMD, 0.106; 95% CI, 0.027 to 0.184) and 0.12 mmol/l(WMD, 0.120; 95% CI, 0.003 to 0.237) in those using a capsule deliver mode and in short-term follow-up, respectively. No significant changes were seen in other lipid profiles, blood glucose, insulin resistance, or anthropometric indices. In addition, multiple studies reported gut microbiota alterations after the intervention, including an increase in butyrate-producing species. IMPLICATIONS Although some articles reported the beneficial effects of FMT on metabolic parameters, we failed to find a clinically significant alteration. Also, information regarding proper donors and the best method to induce FMT have not yet been sufficiently investigated, which should be considered along with means to prevent potential damages. PROSPERO identifier: CRD42022380705.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Pakmehr
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hoseini-Tavassol
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Garg K, Mohajeri MH. Potential effects of the most prescribed drugs on the microbiota-gut-brain-axis: A review. Brain Res Bull 2024; 207:110883. [PMID: 38244807 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The link between drug-induced dysbiosis and its influence on brain diseases through gut-residing bacteria and their metabolites, named the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), remains largely unexplored. This review investigates the effects of commonly prescribed drugs (metformin, statins, proton-pump-inhibitors, NSAIDs, and anti-depressants) on the gut microbiota, comparing the findings with altered bacterial populations in major brain diseases (depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's). The report aims to explore whether drugs can influence the development and progression of brain diseases via the MGBA. Central findings indicate that all explored drugs induce dysbiosis. These dysbiosis patterns were associated with brain disorders. The influence on brain diseases varied across different bacterial taxa, possibly mediated by direct effects or through bacterial metabolites. Each drug induced both positive and negative changes in the abundance of bacteria, indicating a counterbalancing effect. Moreover, the above-mentioned drugs exhibited similar effects, suggesting that they may counteract or enhance each other's effects on brain diseases when taken together by comorbid patients. In conclusion, the interplay of bacterial species and their abundances may have a greater impact on brain diseases than individual drugs or bacterial strains. Future research is needed to better understand drug-induced dysbiosis and the implications for brain disease pathogenesis, with the potential to develop more effective therapeutic options for patients with brain-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Garg
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Hasan Mohajeri
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Battaglini D, De Rosa S, Godoy DA. Crosstalk Between the Nervous System and Systemic Organs in Acute Brain Injury. Neurocrit Care 2024; 40:337-348. [PMID: 37081275 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Organ crosstalk is a complex biological communication between distal organs mediated via cellular, soluble, and neurohormonal actions, based on a two-way pathway. The communication between the central nervous system and peripheral organs involves nerves, endocrine, and immunity systems as well as the emotional and cognitive centers of the brain. Particularly, acute brain injury is complicated by neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration causing multiorgan inflammation, microbial dysbiosis, gastrointestinal dysfunction and dysmotility, liver dysfunction, acute kidney injury, and cardiac dysfunction. Organ crosstalk has become increasingly popular, although the information is still limited. The present narrative review provides an update on the crosstalk between the nervous system and systemic organs after acute brain injury. Future research might help to target this pathophysiological process, preventing the progression toward multiorgan dysfunction in critically ill patients with brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Battaglini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia De Rosa
- Centre for Medical Sciences, University of Trento, Via S. Maria Maddalena 1, 38122, Trento, Italy.
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS Trento, Trento, Italy.
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50
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Juanola O, Francés R, Caparrós E. Exploring the Relationship between Liver Disease, Bacterial Translocation, and Dysbiosis: Unveiling the Gut-Liver Axis. Visc Med 2024; 40:12-19. [PMID: 38312368 PMCID: PMC10836950 DOI: 10.1159/000535962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The global burden of liver disease and cirrhosis has been progressively increasing in the last decade. The interplay between gut microbiota and immune system and the bidirectional relationship with the liver, known as the gut-liver axis, has arisen as a fundamental aspect of liver disease. Summary Alterations of the gut microbiome have been described and include both dysbiotic microbial signatures and intestinal bacterial overgrowth. The integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier is essential for preventing the access of harmful substances and bacterial products into the host. Bacterial translocation due to altered host-microbiota interactions triggers local immune cell activation and facilitates a chronic inflammatory state that can ultimately lead to immune exhaustion, characteristic of cirrhosis. In cirrhosis, breakdown of the gut vascular barrier allows access of bacterial products to portal blood circulation and facilitates their influx into the liver, further contributing to disease progression. Key Messages A better understanding of the contributing factors to pathological bacterial translocation and the impact of dysbiosis in liver disease will lead to achieve innovative therapeutic strategies in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Juanola
- Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rubén Francés
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Dpto. Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto IDIBE, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Caparrós
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Dpto. Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
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