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Singh S, Singh R, Singh KP, Singh R, Kumar P, Kamdi B, Singh V. Molecular detection and patho-morphological study of enteric Escherichia coli pathotypes in diarrheic neonatal calves. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3267-3273. [PMID: 36007588 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2114003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
To understand the pathology of natural cases of E. coli pathotypes infection in bovine calves, 45 cases of bovine calves, below one month of age, died due to enteritis were studied. Total seventeen cases (37.77%) turned positive for different pathotypes of E. coli by RT-PCR. Out of seventeen positive samples for E. coli, six cases (35.29%) were positive for eae gene, three cases (17.64%) for bfp gene and eight cases (47.05) for fimA gene of E. coli. Gross lesions in these cases showed pin-point to ecchymotic hemorrhages in the mucosa of jejunum, ileum and colon. The draining mesenteric lymph nodes were swollen, enlarged and showed cord -like structure. Histopathology of small intestine showed, villi lining cells were sloughed off, tips of villi capillary plexus were congested and hemorrhagic, and skipping lesions of microabscesses in the crypts of mucosa were observed. In the duodenum, necrosis of crypts and infiltration of mononuclear cells in the lamina propria and around Brunner's gland. In mesenteric lymph nodes the subscapular space were infiltrated with mononuclear cells with depletion of lymphoid follicles in cortical area. Peri-trabecular and medullary sinuses of mesenteric lymph nodes were necrosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Singh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science &A. H. (NDVSU), Kuthuliya, MP, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - Karam P Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Animal Experimental Pathology, Central Ayurveda Research Institute, CCRAS, Ministry of Ayush, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - Bhupesh Kamdi
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - Vidhya Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
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Ferdous J, Rashid RB, Sultana R, Saima S, Jahan Prima M, Begum A, Mackie Jensen PK. Is It Human or Animal? The Origin of Pathogenic E. coli in the Drinking Water of a Low-Income Urban Community in Bangladesh. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:181. [PMID: 34698298 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the origin of diverse pathotypes of E. coli, isolated from communal water sources and from the actual drinking water vessel at the point-of-drinking inside households in a low-income urban community in Arichpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh, using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Forty-six percent (57/125, CI 95%: 41−58) of the isolates in the point-of-drinking water and 53% (55/103, CI 95%: 45−64) of the isolates in the source water were diarrheagenic E. coli. Among the pathotypes, enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) was the most common, 81% (46/57) of ETEC was found in the point-of-drinking water and 87% (48/55) was found in the communal source water. Phylogenetic group B1, which is predominant in animals, was the most frequently found isolate in both the point-of-drinking water (50%, 91/181) and in the source (50%, 89/180) water. The phylogenetic subgroup B23, usually of human origin, was more common in the point-of-drinking water (65%, 13/20) than in the source water (35%, 7/20). Our findings suggest that non-human mammals and birds played a vital role in fecal contamination for both the source and point-of-drinking water. Addressing human sanitation without a consideration of fecal contamination from livestock sources will not be enough to prevent drinking-water contamination and thus will persist as a greater contributor to diarrheal pathogens.
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Webale MK, Guyah B, Wanjala C, Nyanga PL, Webale SK, Abonyo C, Kitungulu N, Kiboi N, Bowen N. Phenotypic and Genotypic Antibiotic Resistant diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from Children with Diarrhea in Nairobi City, Kenya. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 30:881-890. [PMID: 33883832 PMCID: PMC8047252 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The marked genome plasticity of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli promotes emergence of pathotypes displaying unique phenotypic and genotypic resistance. This study examined phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistant diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes among children in Nairobi City, Kenya. Methods In a cross-sectional study, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes were isolated from stool samples and their phenotypic and genotypic resistance against eight antimicrobial agents assayed. Results Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli was detected in 136(36.4%) children. Most of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli that were resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, streptomycin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline, harbored citm, bla CMY, aadA1, aac(3)-IV, qnr, catA, ere(A) and tet(A) corresponding resistant genes. Conclusion Antimicrobial-resistant genes are highly prevalent among phenotypic resistant ETEC pathotypes indicating a possibility of horizontal gene transfer in spreading antibiotic resistant genes among E. coli pathotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine Wanjala
- School of Public Health, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi city, Kenya
| | | | | | - Collins Abonyo
- School of Public Health, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi city, Kenya
| | - Nicholas Kitungulu
- School of Natural Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya
| | - Nathan Kiboi
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Kenya
| | - Nancy Bowen
- National Public health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Nairobi city, Kenya
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Ly TDA, Hadjadj L, Hoang VT, Goumbala N, Dao TL, Badiaga S, Tissot-Dupont H, Brouqui P, Raoult D, Rolain JM, Gautret P. Enteric pathogenic bacteria and resistance gene carriage in the homeless population in Marseille, France. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2021; 68:7-13. [PMID: 33512334 DOI: 10.1556/030.2021.01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria and resistance genes in rectal samples collected among homeless persons in Marseille, France. In February 2014 we enrolled 114 sheltered homeless adults who completed questionnaires and had rectal samples collected. Eight types of enteric bacteria and 15 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were sought by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) performed directly on rectal samples. ARG-positive samples were further tested by conventional PCR and sequencing. We evidenced a 17.5% prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, a 9.6% prevalence of enteric pathogenic bacteria carriage, including Escherichia coli pathotypes (8.7%) and Tropheryma whipplei (0.9%). Only 2 persons carried blaCTX-M-15 resistance genes (1.8%), while other genes, including carbapenemase-encoding genes and colistin-resistance genes, (mcr-1 to mcr-6, mcr-8) were not detected. Our results suggest that sheltered homeless persons in Marseille do not have a high risk of harbouring gastrointestinal antibiotic resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Duc Anh Ly
- 1Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- 2IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Linda Hadjadj
- 2IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- 3Aix Marseille University, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Van Thuan Hoang
- 1Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- 2IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- 6Pneumology Department, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Viet Nam
| | - Ndiaw Goumbala
- 1Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- 2IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- 5VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD de l'IRD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Thi Loi Dao
- 1Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- 2IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- 4Family Medicine Department, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Viet Nam
| | - Sekene Badiaga
- 2IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- 7Aix Marseille University, Service des urgences CHU Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Herve Tissot-Dupont
- 2IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- 3Aix Marseille University, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brouqui
- 2IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- 3Aix Marseille University, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- 1Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- 2IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- 3Aix Marseille University, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- 2IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- 3Aix Marseille University, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Gautret
- 1Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- 2IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Merino VR, Nakano V, Delannoy S, Fach P, Alberca GGF, Farfan MJ, Piazza RMF, Avila-Campos MJ. Prevalence of Enteropathogens and Virulence Traits in Brazilian Children With and Without Diarrhea. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:549919. [PMID: 33102252 PMCID: PMC7545120 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.549919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of molecular diagnostics for pathogen detection in epidemiological studies have allowed us to get a wider view of the pathogens associated with diarrhea, but the presence of enteropathogens in asymptomatic individuals has raised several challenges in understanding the etiology of diarrhea, and the use of these platforms in clinical diagnosis as well. To characterize the presence of the most relevant bacterial enteropathogens in diarrheal episodes, we evaluated here the prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes, Salmonella spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica in stool samples of children with and without diarrhea using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). We found that the presence of genetic markers associated with bacterial pathogens was significantly higher in stool samples from the diarrhea group compared to the control (P < 0.001). Bacterial loads in samples positive for eae and aggR markers were also determined. Compared to samples from asymptomatic children, a significantly higher number of copies of the eae gene were found in diarrhea samples. Also, the presence of genetic markers associated with STEC strains with clinical significance was evaluated in eae-positive samples by high-throughput real-time PCR. The data presented herein demonstrated that asymptomatic children of an urban area in Brazil might be enteropathogen reservoirs, especially for STEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor R Merino
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, Food Safety Laboratory, Université Paris-Est, Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - Patrick Fach
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, Food Safety Laboratory, Université Paris-Est, Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - Gabriela G F Alberca
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio J Farfan
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Oriente-Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Mario J Avila-Campos
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Borja-Serrano P, Ochoa-Herrera V, Maurice L, Morales G, Quilumbaqui C, Tejera E, Machado A. Determination of the Microbial and Chemical Loads in Rivers from the Quito Capital Province of Ecuador (Pichincha)-A Preliminary Analysis of Microbial and Chemical Quality of the Main Rivers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E5048. [PMID: 32674286 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of natural water sources is one of the main health problems worldwide, which could be caused by chemicals, metals, or microbial agents. This study aimed to analyze the quality of 18 rivers located in Quito, the capital province of Pichincha, Ecuador, through physico-chemical and microbial parameters. The E. coli and total coliforms assessments were performed by a counting procedure in growth media. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was realized to detect several microbial genera, as well as Candida albicans, two parasites (Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp.) and E. coli pathotypes: enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Additionally, physico-chemical parameters and major and trace metals were analyzed in each surface water sample. Our results demonstrated that most of the rivers analyzed do not comply with the microbial, physico-chemical, and metal requirements established by the Ecuadorian legislation. In terms of microbial pollution, the most polluted rivers were Monjas, Machángara, Pisque, and Pita Rivers. Furthermore, three out of four analyzed E. coli pathotypes (EIEC, EHEC, and EAEC) were detected in certain rivers, specifically: Monjas River showed the presence of EIEC and EHEC; in the Machángara River, EAEC and EIEC were detected; and finally, EIEC was present in the Guayllabamba River. Several physico-chemical parameters, such as pH, CODtotal, and TSS values, were higher than the Ecuadorian guidelines in 11, 28, and 28% of the rivers, respectively. Regarding heavy metals, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Mn surpassed the established values in 94, 89, 61, 22, 22, and 17% of the rivers, respectively. Machangara River was the only one that registered higher Cr concentrations than the national guidelines. The values of Al and Fe were above the recommended values in 83 and 72% of the rivers. Overall, based on the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters the most contaminated rivers were Machángara and Monjas. This study revealed severe contaminations in Ecuadorean Rivers; further studies should evaluate the sources of contamination and their impact on public health.
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de la Rosa-Hernández MC, Cadena-Ramírez A, Téllez-Jurado A, Gómez-Aldapa CA, Rangel-Vargas E, Chávez-Urbiola EA, Castro-Rosas J. Presence of Multidrug-Resistant Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on Fresh Cheeses from Local Retail Markets in Mexico. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1748-1754. [PMID: 30272999 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cheesemaking is one of the most important industries in Mexico. Among all the Mexican cheeses, fresh cheeses are the most popular and most consumed cheese in Mexico and Latin America. However, in Mexico fresh cheese is frequently made with unpasteurized milk and sold in public markets. This may increase the risk for contamination of dairy products with pathogenic bacteria. The presence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in food is an important public health concern. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes (DEPs) are foodborne bacteria. This study investigated the presence of indicator bacteria and multidrug-resistant DEPs in fresh cheeses. A total of 120 fresh cheese samples were collected from public markets in the city of Pachuca, Mexico. The samples were analyzed for presence of fecal coliforms (FC), E. coli, and antibiotic resistant DEPs. FC and E. coli were analyzed using the most-probable-number technique. DEPs were identified using two multiplex PCR methods. Susceptibility to 16 antibiotics was tested for the isolated DEPs strains by the standard assay. The frequency of FC, E. coli, and DEPs in the cheese samples was 50, 40, and 19%, respectively. The identified DEPs included Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC; 8%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC; 6%), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC; 5%). All isolated strains exhibited resistance to at least five antibiotics. One, one, two, and three STEC strains were resistant to 14, 12, 11, and 10 antibiotics, respectively. One strain of EPEC was resistant to 11 antibiotics, three EPEC strains to 9, and one strain to 7. One, one, and two strains of ETEC were resistant to 10, 8, and 7 antibiotics, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that fresh cheeses made with unpasteurized milk could be a risk for consumers, both for native people and visitors to Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C de la Rosa-Hernández
- 1 Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Ciudad Sahagún Kilómetro 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, C.P. 43830, Zempoala, Hidalgo, México
| | - Arturo Cadena-Ramírez
- 1 Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Ciudad Sahagún Kilómetro 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, C.P. 43830, Zempoala, Hidalgo, México
| | - Alejandro Téllez-Jurado
- 1 Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Ciudad Sahagún Kilómetro 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, C.P. 43830, Zempoala, Hidalgo, México
| | - Carlos A Gómez-Aldapa
- 2 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería (ICBI), Ciudad del Conocimiento (CC), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Kilómetro 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas
- 2 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería (ICBI), Ciudad del Conocimiento (CC), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Kilómetro 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Edgar Arturo Chávez-Urbiola
- 3 Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería (ICBI), Ciudad del Conocimiento (CC), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Kilómetro 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México.,4 Catedrático CONACyT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Avenida Insurgentes Sur 1582, Colonia Crédito Constructor, Delegación Benito Júarez C.P. 03940, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- 2 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería (ICBI), Ciudad del Conocimiento (CC), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Kilómetro 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
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Rangel-Vargas E, Luna-Rojo AM, Cadena-Ramírez A, Torres-Vitela R, Gómez-Aldapa CA, Villarruel-López A, Téllez-Jurado A, Villagómez-Ibarra JR, Reynoso-Camacho R, Castro-Rosas J. Behavior of 11 Foodborne Bacteria on Whole and Cut Mangoes var. Ataulfo and Kent and Antibacterial Activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extracts and Chemical Sanitizers Directly onto Mangoes Contaminated with Foodborne Bacteria. J Food Prot 2018; 81:743-753. [PMID: 29620488 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of foodborne bacteria on whole and cut mangoes and the antibacterial effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extracts and chemical sanitizers against foodborne bacteria on contaminated mangoes were investigated. Mangoes var. Ataulfo and Kent were used in the study. Mangoes were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Montevideo, Escherichia coli strains (O157:H7, non-O157:H7 Shiga toxin-producing, enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive, and enteroaggregative). The antibacterial effect of five roselle calyx extracts (water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate), sodium hypochlorite, colloidal silver, and acetic acid against foodborne bacteria were evaluated on contaminated mangoes. The dry extracts obtained with ethanol, methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine solvent residues. Separately, contaminated whole mangoes were immersed in five hibiscus extracts and in sanitizers for 5 min. All foodborne bacteria attached to mangoes. After 20 days at 25 ± 2°C, all foodborne bacterial strains on whole Ataulfo mangoes had decreased by approximately 2.5 log, and on Kent mangoes by approximately 2 log; at 3 ± 2°C, they had decreased to approximately 1.9 and 1.5 log, respectively, on Ataulfo and Kent. All foodborne bacterial strains grew on cut mangoes at 25 ± 2°C; however, at 3 ± 2°C, bacterial growth was inhibited. Residual solvents were not detected in any of the dry extracts by nuclear magnetic resonance. Acetonic, ethanolic, and methanolic roselle calyx extracts caused a greater reduction in concentration (2 to 2.6 log CFU/g) of all foodborne bacteria on contaminated whole mangoes than the sodium hypochlorite, colloidal silver, and acetic acid. Dry roselle calyx extracts may be a potentially useful addition to disinfection procedures of mangoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas
- 1 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Anais M Luna-Rojo
- 1 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Arturo Cadena-Ramírez
- 2 Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Ciudad Sahagún Km. 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, C.P. 43830, Zempoala, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Refugio Torres-Vitela
- 3 Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Gómez-Aldapa
- 1 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Angélica Villarruel-López
- 3 Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Téllez-Jurado
- 2 Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Ciudad Sahagún Km. 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, C.P. 43830, Zempoala, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - José R Villagómez-Ibarra
- 1 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | | | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- 1 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
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