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O'Rourke N, Dervis S, da Silva DF, Geurts C, Haman F, Adamo KB. Heat production during exercise in pregnancy: discerning the contribution of total body weight. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:769-778. [PMID: 38433124 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02929-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Studies have reported enhanced thermoregulatory function as pregnancy progresses; however, it is unclear if differences in thermoregulation are attributed to weight gain or other physiological changes. This study aimed to determine if total body weight will influence thermoregulation (heat production (Hprod)), heart rate, and perceptual measurements in response to weight-bearing exercise during early to late pregnancy. A cross-sectional design of healthy pregnant women at different pregnancy time points (early, T1; middle, T2; late, T3) performed a 7-stage weight-bearing incremental exercise protocol. Measurements of Hprod, HR, and RPE were examined. Two experimental groups were studied: (1) weight matched and (2) non-weight matched, in T1, T2, and T3. During exercise, equivalent Hprod at T1 (326 ± 88 kJ), T2 (330 ± 43 kJ), and T3 (352 ± 52 kJ) (p = 0.504); HR (p = 0.830); and RPE (p = 0.195) were observed in the WM group at each time point. In the NWM group, Hprod (from stages 1-6 of the exercise) increased across pregnancy time points, T1 (291 ± 76 kJ) to T2 (347 ± 41 kJ) and T3 (385 ± 47 kJ) (p < 0.001). HR increased from T1 to T3 in the warm-up to stage 6 (p = 0.009). RPE did not change as pregnancy time point progressed (p = 0.309). Total body weight, irrespective of pregnancy time point, modulates Hprod and HR during exercise. Therefore, accounting for total body weight is crucial when comparing thermoregulatory function during exercise across pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O'Rourke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Lees Campus, 518E, 200 Lees Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sheila Dervis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Lees Campus, 518E, 200 Lees Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Danilo F da Silva
- Sports Studies Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Carla Geurts
- Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Venlo, Netherlands
| | - François Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Lees Campus, 518E, 200 Lees Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kristi Bree Adamo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Lees Campus, 518E, 200 Lees Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Li C, Powell L, Stamatakis E, McGreevy P, Podberscek A, Bauman A, Edwards K. Is dog walking suitable for physical activity promotion? Investigating the exercise intensity of on-leash dog walking. Prev Med Rep 2024; 41:102715. [PMID: 38595731 PMCID: PMC11002884 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately a quarter of the global population is physically inactive, increasing the prevalence of chronic health conditions such as cardiovascular disease. Clearly, a population shift is needed to increase physical activity participation. Given almost half of American and Australian households have at least one dog, dog walking has the potential to increase physical activity. The objective of this study was to characterize the exercise intensity of dog walking using physiological measures to determine whether it achieved a threshold for health-enhancement. Method From February 2020 to September 2022, dog owners (aged > 18 years, without impediment to walking) who resided in metropolitan Sydney participated in an on-leash dog walk for a minimum of 20 minutes, while wearing a heart rate monitor and carrying a phone to track cadence, route and duration. Results Forty-three participants were recruited (aged 34.26 ± 16 years). Data from measures of %heart rate reserve (38 ± 10.8 %HRR), %heart rate max (61 ± 7.2 %HRmax) and average cadence (45 ± 8.4steps/min) classified dog-walking as light intensity. However, when using average walking speed (4.29 ± 0.8 km/hr) and metabolic equivalents (3.53 ± 0.6METs), the walk was classified as moderate intensity. Conclusion Overall, depending on the intensity measure used, dog walking was positioned in the upper range of light intensity and the lower range of moderate intensity. Although dog walking at a certain intensity may be difficult to prescribe as strategy for meeting current moderate-to-vigorous focused physical activity recommendations, it should be recognised as a beneficial activity that may reach moderate intensity on some occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Li
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Lauren Powell
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul McGreevy
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Podberscek
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Edwards
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Uchino T, Uchida M, Ito R, Fujie S, Iemitsu K, Kojima C, Nakamura M, Shimizu K, Tanimura Y, Shinohara Y, Hashimoto T, Isaka T, Iemitsu M. Effects of different exercise intensities or durations on salivary IgA secretion. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05467-6. [PMID: 38634902 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine changes in salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) secretion at different intensities or durations of acute exercise. METHODS Twelve healthy untrained young males were included in randomized crossover trials in Experiment 1 (cycling exercise for 30 min at a work rate equivalent to 35%, 55%, and 75% maximal oxygen uptake [ V ˙ O2max]) and Experiment 2 (cycling exercise at 55% V ˙ O2max intensity for 30, 60, and 90 min). Saliva samples were collected at baseline, immediately after, and 60 min after each exercise. RESULTS Experiment 1: The percentage change in the s-IgA secretion rate in the 75% V ˙ O2max trial was significantly lower than that in the 55% V ˙ O2max trial immediately after exercise (- 45.7%). The percentage change in the salivary concentration of cortisol, an s-IgA regulating factor, immediately after exercise significantly increased compared to that at baseline in the 75% V ˙ O2max trial (+ 107.6%). A significant negative correlation was observed between the percentage changes in saliva flow rate and salivary cortisol concentration (r = - 0.52, P < 0.01). Experiment 2: The percentage change in the s-IgA secretion rate in the 90-min trial was significantly lower than that in the 30-min trial immediately after exercise (-37.0%). However, the percentage change in salivary cortisol concentration remained the same. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a reduction in s-IgA secretion is induced by exercise intensity of greater than or equal to 75% V ˙ O2max for 30 min or exercise duration of greater than or equal to 90 min at 55% V ˙ O2max in healthy untrained young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Uchino
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Reita Ito
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kojima
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakamura
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Nishigaoka Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Nishigaoka Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Tanimura
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Nishigaoka Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shinohara
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadao Isaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
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Bodensohn L, Maurer A, Daamen M, Upadhyay N, Werkhausen J, Lohaus M, Manunzio U, Manunzio C, Radbruch A, Attenberger U, Boecker H. Inverted U-shape-like functional connectivity alterations in cognitive resting-state networks depending on exercise intensity: An fMRI study. Brain Cogn 2024; 177:106156. [PMID: 38613926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Acute physical activity influences cognitive performance. However, the relationship between exercise intensity, neural network activity, and cognitive performance remains poorly understood. This study examined the effects of different exercise intensities on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and cognitive performance. Twenty male athletes (27.3 ± 3.6 years) underwent cycling exercises of different intensities (high, low, rest/control) on different days in randomized order. Before and after, subjects performed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and a behavioral Attention Network Test (ANT). Independent component analysis and Linear mixed effects models examined rsFC changes within ten resting-state networks. No significant changes were identified in ANT performance. Resting-state analyses revealed a significant interaction in the Left Frontoparietal Network, driven by a non-significant rsFC increase after low-intensity and a significant rsFC decrease after high-intensity exercise, suggestive of an inverted U-shape relationship between exercise intensity and rsFC. Similar but trend-level rsFC interactions were observed in the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN) and the Cerebellar Basal Ganglia Network. Explorative correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association between rsFC increases in the right superior parietal lobule (part of DAN) and better ANT orienting in the low-intensity condition. Results indicate exercise intensity-dependent subacute rsFC changes in cognition-related networks, but their cognitive-behavioral relevance needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Bodensohn
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Angelika Maurer
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Werkhausen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marvin Lohaus
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ursula Manunzio
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 82, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Manunzio
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 82, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 81, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 74, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Hatakeyama J, Inoue S, Li C, Takamura D, Jiang H, Kuroki H, Moriyama H. Effects of acute- and long-term aerobic exercises at different intensities on bone in mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2024; 42:185-195. [PMID: 38349543 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise intensity determines the benefits of aerobic exercise. Our objectives were, in aerobic exercise at different intensities, to determine (1) changes in bone metabolism-related genes after acute exercise and (2) changes in bone mass, strength, remodeling, and bone formation-related proteins after long-term exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total 36 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into a control group and exercise groups at 3 different intensities: low, moderate, or high group. Each exercise group was assigned to acute- or long-term exercise groups. Tibias after acute exercise were evaluated by real-time PCR analysis. Furthermore, hindlimbs of long-term exercise were assessed by micro-CT, biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS Acute moderate-intensity exercise decreased RANKL level as bone resorption marker, whereas low- and high-intensity exercise did not alter it. Additionally, only long-term exercise at moderate intensity increased bone mass and strength. Moderate-intensity exercise promoted osteoblast activity and suppressed osteoclast activity. After low- and high-intensity exercise, osteoblast and osteoclast activity were unchanged. An increase in the number of β-catenin-positive cells and a decrease in sclerostin-positive cells were observed in the only moderate group. CONCLUSION These results showed that moderate-intensity exercise can inhibit bone resorption earlier, and long-term exercise can increase bone mass and strength through promoted bone formation via the Wnt/β-catenin activation. High-intensity exercise, traditionally considered better for bone, may fail to stimulate bone remodeling, leading to no change in bone mass and strength. Our findings suggest that moderate-intensity exercise, neither too low nor high, can maintain bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Hatakeyama
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shota Inoue
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Changxin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takamura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hanlin Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Moriyama
- Life and Medical Sciences Area, Health Sciences Discipline, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan.
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Wang F, Bai Y, Hua B, Zhou W, Wang X. Effect of different intensity exercises on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Herz 2024; 49:134-146. [PMID: 37552242 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-023-05202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation has positive benefits for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), but the choice of exercise intensity has been controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of different exercise intensities on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life (QoL) of patients with CHF. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of different exercise intensities applied to patients with CHF were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases from inception to December 2021. Study selection and data extraction were performed simultaneously by two independent reviewers, using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale (PEDro) for quality assessment of the included literature. The weighted mean differences (WMD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) were calculated by employing a fixed or random effects model. Other statistical analyses included subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. Quality of evidence was evaluated by the Grade of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method. RESULTS Eight RCTs were included. Analyses reported no significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF; WMD = 0.47, 95% CI [-4.10, 5.03], p = 0.841), peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI [-0.03, 0.80], p = 0.069) and 6‑min walking distance (6MWD) (WMD = 14.10, 95% CI [-9.51, 37.72], p = 0.242). Exercise interventions of varying intensity produced small-to-moderate beneficial effects on QoL (WMD = -4.99, 95% CI [-8.29, -1.68], p = 0.003), which appeared to be attenuated at long-term follow-up (WMD = 2.12, 95% CI [-2.91, 7.16], p = 0.409). CONCLUSION High-intensity exercise does not have a significant advantage over moderate-intensity exercise in improving cardiopulmonary function and aerobic capacity in patients with CHF. Beneficial changes in QoL from high-intensity exercise also appeared to decrease during long-term follow-up, indicating a cumulative effect of the efficacy of high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Wang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqin Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Anus and Intestine, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Xi H, Jing M, Sun Q, Wang Y, Zhu H, Zhou J. The relationship between different exercise conditions and pericoronary inflammation as quantified by coronary CTA in coronary artery disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25316. [PMID: 38352755 PMCID: PMC10861983 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The correlation between exercise type and intensity and coronary artery inflammation in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown. Therefore, this study assessed the relationship between coronary inflammation quantified by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and exercise intensity and pattern in patients with CAD. Materials and methods Patients who underwent CCTA between 2019 and 2023 in the second hospital of Lanzhou University were retrospectively examined. We calculated the pericoronary fat attenuation index (FAI) on the right coronary artery (RCA) as a marker of coronary inflammation. We compared basic information, exercise status, and RCA-FAI values between the two groups, and described the relationship between different exercise durations and RCA-FAI using analysis of variance and restricted cubic splines. Results In total, 1222 patients were included: 774 had no CAD and 448 patients had CAD. Sex (P = 0.016; odds ratio [OR]: 0.673), high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.006; OR: 0.601), low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.001; OR. 0.762), hypertension (P = 0.000; OR: 0.762), smoking (P = 0.005; OR: 0.670), and postprandial glucose (P = 0.030; OR: 0.812), household income (P = 0.038; OR:1.117), and body mass index (P = 0.000; OR:1.084) were the risk factors for elevated RCA-FAI values in the patients with coronary artery disease group. And when the exercise modality was running and aerobics, the correlation between RCA-FAI values and exercise time showed a "U"-shaped relationship. Follow-up revealed that short periods of high-intensity exercise resulted in lower RCA-FAI values. Conclusion RCA-FAI was significantly associated with coronary artery inflammation. Although appropriate physical activity reduced the risk of pericoronary inflammation and coronary atherosclerosis, overly prolonged exercise could exacerbate the coronary inflammatory response and increase the likelihood of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaze Xi
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Jing
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiu Sun
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
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Wollesen B, Herden M, Lamberti N, Giannaki CD. Defining and reporting exercise intensity in interventions for older adults: a modified Delphi process. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2024; 21:3. [PMID: 38302886 PMCID: PMC10835929 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-024-00337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many exercise studies, including older adults, do not report all relevant exercise characteristics. Especially the description of exercise intensity is missing and mostly not controlled. This leads to difficulties in interpreting study results and summarizing the evidence in systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Therefore, the aim of the present Delphi study was to gain recommendations about the categorization of exercise intensity and for the conducting and reporting of characteristics in future intervention studies with older adults by experts in exercise science and physiology. METHODS Two hundred ninety-seven international interdisciplinary participants from an EU COST action were invited to participate in three rounds of online questionnaires in April/May 2023. Up to N = 93 experts participated in each round. Round 1 included open-ended questions to solicit possible recommendations and categorizations for light, moderate, vigorous, and high intensity. In round 2, the experts rated their agreement using Likert scales (1-10) on the revealed categories and recommendations. Clusters with a higher average rating of M = 8.0 were summarized into round 3. In the final round, the results were presented for a final rating of agreement (based on a simple majority > 50%). RESULTS In round 1 a total of 416 qualitative statements were provided from thirteen questions. From round 1 to round 3, a total of 38 items were excluded, with 205 items retained for the final consensus. In round three 37 participants completed the whole questionnaire. The experts showed overall agreement on the final categorizations with 6.7 to 8.8 out of 10 points on the Likert scale. They also showed broad consensus on the relevance of reporting exercise intensity and the recommendations for future conducting and reporting of study results. However, exercise types such as yoga, balance, and coordination training led to conflicting results for categorization into light or moderate. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The results of the current survey can be used to classify the intensity of exercise and suggest a practical approach that can be adopted by the scientific community and applied when conducting systematic reviews and meta-analysis articles when vital and objective information regarding exercise intensity is lacking from the original article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Wollesen
- Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Mona Herden
- Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Lamberti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Christoforos D Giannaki
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Li Y, Tataka Y, Sakazaki M, Kamemoto K, Nagayama C, Yoshikawa Y, Yamada Y, Miyashita M. Acute effects of exercise intensity on butyrylcholinesterase and ghrelin in young men: A randomized controlled study. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:39-50. [PMID: 38033619 PMCID: PMC10687701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objectives Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a liver-derived enzyme that hydrolyzes acylated ghrelin to des-acylated ghrelin, may trigger a potential mechanism responsible for the acute exercise-induced suppression of acylated ghrelin. However, studies examining the effects of an acute bout of high-intensity exercise on BChE and acylated ghrelin have yielded inconsistent findings. This study aimed to examine the acute effects of exercise intensity on BChE, acylated ghrelin and des-acylated ghrelin concentrations in humans. Methods Fifteen young men (aged 22.7 ± 1.8 years, mean ± standard deviation) completed three, half-day laboratory-based trials (i.e., high-intensity exercise, low-intensity exercise and control), in a random order. In the exercise trials, the participants ran for 60 min (from 09:30 to 10:30) at a speed eliciting 70 % (high-intensity) or 40 % (low-intensity) of their maximum oxygen uptake and then rested for 90 min. In the control trial, participants sat on a chair for the entire trial (from 09:30 to 12:00). Venous blood samples were collected at 09:30, 10:00, 10:30, 11:00, 11:30 and 12:00. Results The BChE concentration was not altered over time among the three trials. Total acylated and des-acylated ghrelin area under the curve during the first 60 min (i.e., from 0 min to 60 min) of the main trial were lower in the high-intensity exercise trial than in the control (acylated ghrelin, mean difference: 62.6 pg/mL, p < 0.001; des-acylated ghrelin, mean difference: 31.4 pg/mL, p = 0.035) and the low-intensity exercise trial (acylated ghrelin, mean difference: 87.7 pg/mL, p < 0.001; des-acylated ghrelin, mean difference: 43.0 pg/mL, p = 0.042). Conclusion The findings suggest that BChE may not be involved in the modulation of ghrelin even though lowered acylated ghrelin concentration was observed after high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Li
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yusei Tataka
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Miki Sakazaki
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kamemoto
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nagayama
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshie Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamada
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masashi Miyashita
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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10
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Loro FL, Martins R, de Araújo CLP, Prade LR, do Rosário DL, da Rocha Seruffo MC, de Freitas IAM, Nobre J, Both CB, Dal Lago P. Innovative and disruptive technologies to prescribe, encourage, and evaluate physical exercise in healthy adults: a protocol of exploratory study followed by a noninferiority, investigator-blinded randomized clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:700. [PMID: 37904188 PMCID: PMC10614353 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. A significant contributing factor to this mortality is the lack of engagement in preventive activities. Consequently, strategies for enhancing adherence to and duration of physical activity (PA) have become pivotal. This project aims to create and validate innovative, disruptive, and secure technologies that ensure appropriate exercise intensity, bolster adherence to PA, and monitor health biomarker responses pre-, during, and post-physical activity. METHODS This exploratory study, followed by a noninferiority, investigator-blinded randomized clinical trial, will be divided into three phases: (1) development and validation of a sensor for real-time biofeedback during a functional assessment test; (2) integration of biofeedback and gamification into an app for the structured prescription of physical training within a controlled setting; and (3) implementation of biofeedback and gamification into an app for the prescription and monitoring of physical training in an uncontrolled setting. Phase 1 entails a validation test of a biosensor-monitoring heart rate (HR) and steps-during a modified shuttle walk test. In phase 2, the biosensor interfaces with a gamified smartphone application. The training regimen spans 6 weeks, 5 days weekly, with each session lasting 60 min: a five-min warm-up involving stationary gait, followed by 50 min of training at the target HR on the step and concluding with a five-min cool-down at a stationary pace. After 6 weeks of training, a new functional capacity test is conducted. Phase 3 involves an investigator-blinded, randomized clinical trial to demonstrate noninferiority. Participants are randomly assigned to either the intervention group (IG) or the control group (CG). IG participants practice exercise using the gamified application in an uncontrolled environment according to the prescribed method outlined in phase 2. CG participants receive PA practice guidelines exclusively. DISCUSSION Anticipated outcomes include improved exercise adherence through the gamified application, better maintenance of prescribed exercise intensity, and enhanced health biomarkers. The results of this study will inform health-related decision-making. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol received approval from the Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (54,492,221.80000.5345) and has been registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC, RBR-359p69v).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Laís Loro
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite Street, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Riane Martins
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite Street, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Cintia Laura Pereira de Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite Street, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Lucio Rene Prade
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Unisinos Avenue, 950, São Leopoldo, RS, CEP: 93022-750, Brazil
| | - Denis Lima do Rosário
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Correa Street, 01, Belém, PA, CEP 66075110, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jéferson Nobre
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 95000, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501970, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Bonato Both
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Unisinos Avenue, 950, São Leopoldo, RS, CEP: 93022-750, Brazil
| | - Pedro Dal Lago
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite Street, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90050-170, Brazil.
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11
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Ryu HR, Eum HJ, Kim DY. Assessing of exercise intensity for a rhythmik exercise program based on cardiopulmonary functions. J Exerc Rehabil 2023; 19:275-279. [PMID: 37928830 PMCID: PMC10622940 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2346392.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the determination of exercise intensity for a rhythmik exercise program based on cardiopulmonary functions. Nine female participants in their 20s to 40s performed a rhythmik exercise program for 60 min per session, three sessions weekly, for 8 weeks. All participants underwent a grade exercise test to measure their minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), maximal volume of minute oxygen consumption (VO2max), heart rate (HR), and oxygen pulse (O2 pulse) at the time of anaerobic threshold (AT) and maximal exercise time (ETmax). To determine the exercise intensity of the rhythmik exercise program, the Polar Heart Monitor was used for quantification, and the Borg Scale was used to measure the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). We did not observe any significant effects on the reaching time of AT, VE, VO2, VO2max, HR, and O2 pulse at either AT or ETmax. However, maximal value of VE (VEmax) was significantly enhanced at ETmax. The exercise intensity of the rhythmik exercise program was found to be low at 62.85% of HRmax with an RPE of 12.22. Our results suggest that the rhythmik exercise program did not directly improve cardiopulmonary functions; however, considering the unstructured nature of the rhythmik exercise program, anticipated positive effects on cardiopulmonary fitness are achievable through changes in the program contents and exercise time according to the goals of the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Rin Ryu
- Institute of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae,
Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Eum
- Industry University Cooperation Foundation, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju,
Korea
| | - Dae-Young Kim
- Institute of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae,
Korea
- Department of Sports Healthcare, College of Social Sciences, Inje University, Gimhae,
Korea
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12
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Kaufmann S, Gronwald T, Herold F, Hoos O. Heart Rate Variability-Derived Thresholds for Exercise Intensity Prescription in Endurance Sports: A Systematic Review of Interrelations and Agreement with Different Ventilatory and Blood Lactate Thresholds. Sports Med Open 2023; 9:59. [PMID: 37462761 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise intensities are prescribed using specific intensity zones (moderate, heavy, and severe) determined by a 'lower' and a 'higher' threshold. Typically, ventilatory (VT) or blood lactate thresholds (LT), and critical power/speed concepts (CP/CS) are used. Various heart rate variability-derived thresholds (HRVTs) using different HRV indices may constitute applicable alternatives, but a systematic review of the proximity of HRVTs to established threshold concepts is lacking. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to provide an overview of studies that determined HRVTs during endurance exercise in healthy adults in comparison with a reference VT and/or LT concept. METHODS A systematic literature search for studies determining HRVTs in healthy individuals during endurance exercise and comparing them with VTs or LTs was conducted in Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (until January 2022). Studies claiming to describe similar physiological boundaries to delineate moderate from heavy (HRVTlow vs. VTlow and/or LTlow), and heavy from severe intensity zone (HRVThigh vs. VThigh and/or LThigh) were grouped and their results synthesized. RESULTS Twenty-seven included studies (461 participants) showed a mean difference in relative HR between HRVTlow and VTlow of - 0.6%bpm in weighted means and 0.02%bpm between HRVTlow and LTlow. Bias between HR at HRVTlow and VTlow was 1 bpm (limits of agreement (LoA): - 10.9 to 12.8 bpm) and 2.7 bpm (LoA: - 20.4 to 25.8 bpm) between HRVTlow and LTlow. Mean difference in HR between HRVThigh and VThigh was 0.3%bpm in weighted means and 2.9%bpm between HRVThigh and LThigh while bias between HR at HRVThigh and VThigh was - 4 bpm (LoA: - 17.9 to 9.9 bpm) and 2.5 bpm (LoA: - 12.1 to 17.1 bpm) between HRVThigh and LThigh. CONCLUSION HRVTlow seems to be a promising approach for the determination of a 'lower' threshold comparable to VTlow and potentially for HRVThigh compared to VThigh, although the latter needs further empirical evaluation. LoA for both intensity zone boundaries indicates bias of HRVTs on an individual level. Taken together, HRVTs can be a promising alternative for prescribing exercise intensity in healthy, male athletes undertaking endurance activities but due to the heterogeneity of study design, threshold concepts, standardization, and lack of female participants, further research is necessary to draw more robust and nuanced conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kaufmann
- Center for Sports and Physical Education, Faculty of Human Sciences, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Am Hubland/Sports Center, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Olaf Hoos
- Center for Sports and Physical Education, Faculty of Human Sciences, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Am Hubland/Sports Center, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Kwon Y, Kang KW, Chang JS. The talk test as a useful tool to monitor aerobic exercise intensity in healthy population. J Exerc Rehabil 2023; 19:163-169. [PMID: 37435593 PMCID: PMC10331140 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2346170.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The talk test (TT) is subjective method to measure exercise intensity in costless and feasible manner, compared to sophisticated laboratory equipment. We attempted to investigate whether the TT was a valid method for evaluation of exercise intensity, by comparing with values derived from various physiologic markers during cardiopulmonary exercise testing on treadmill in healthy population. A total of 17 healthy subjects (12 males and 5 females) participated in this study. The TT was applied, which consisted of 3-stages difficulties demanding respiratory load while they performed the cardiopulmonary exercise testing on treadmill. In each of the TT stages, ergospirometric and psychophysiologic response marker were collected such as heart rate, oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, minute ventilation, carbon dioxide output, tidal volume, respiratory rate, and rating of perceived exertion of breathing. Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference of all dependent variables in each of three TT stages, comparing with the resting phase before the TT. The TT showed strong correlation coefficient with all variables except for rating of perceived exertion during the resting phase before the TT. According to increase of exercise intensity, all dependent variables showed a linear tendency with the stages of the TT. Our findings indicated that each of the TT stages was strongly correlated with ergospirometric variables as well as psychophysiologic response during cardiopulmonary exercise testing on treadmill. We suggested that the TT can be used to evaluate and prescribe exercise intensity of aerobic activity in cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jong Sung Chang
- Corresponding author: Jong Sung Chang, https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9467-4294, Department of Physical Therapy, Yeungnam University College, 170 Hyunchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea,
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14
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Sang PP, Li J, Tan XD, Peng W, Zhou HH, Tian YP, Zhang ML. Associations between Borg’s rating of perceived exertion and changes in urinary organic acid metabolites after outdoor weight-bearing hiking. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:234-246. [PMID: 37303930 PMCID: PMC10251356 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing methods to monitor exercise load and evaluate body fatigue and muscle injury over time in hiking training remains a key problem to be solved. A widely used psycho-physical tool to assess the subjective perception of effort during exercise is Borg’s rating of perceived exertion (BRPE) scale. Data on the relationships and validity of the BRPE compared to objectively assessed metabolic criteria are still lacking, especially urinary organic acid concentrations.
AIM To verify whether the BRPE scale could be used in the prescription of outdoor hiking with weight-bearing and reveal the relationship between the BRPE scale and urinary physiological measures.
METHODS Eighty-nine healthy men (average age: 22 years) were enrolled in a 40 km (6 h) hiking training exercise with a 20 kg load. After training, the BRPE scale (6-20) was completed. All participants were divided into three groups according to the rating of the BRPE scale. Urine samples were collected before and after training. Urinary myoglobin levels were measured immediately using the fluorescent immunoassay method. The remaining urine was subpacked and frozen for the subsequent detection of urinary organic acids using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
RESULTS The contents of organic acids and myoglobin in urine were significantly increased after participants hiked 40 km (6 h) with a 20 kg load. Only orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis performed well in separating the group with a BRPE score of 6-12 from the group with a BRPE score of 13-20. Significant differences in the urine levels of several organic acids were observed between the two groups, and the heatmap also presented different metabolic profiles based on BRPE. According to the standard of a variable importance in the projection > 1, fold change > 1.5 and P < 0.05, 19 different metabolites of urinary organic acids were screened and enriched in pathways mainly including the citrate cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) and alanine, aspartate and glucose metabolism.
CONCLUSION The BRPE scale identified significantly different urinary organic acid profiles between the higher and lower BRPE value groups, and, thus, could be used to monitor body fatigue in individuals participating in long-distance outdoor hiking with weight bearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Sang
- Birth Defect Prevention and Control Technology Research Center, Medicine Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jin Li
- Birth Defect Prevention and Control Technology Research Center, Medicine Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xu-Dong Tan
- Birth Defect Prevention and Control Technology Research Center, Medicine Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Birth Defect Prevention and Control Technology Research Center, Medicine Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hong-Hui Zhou
- Birth Defect Prevention and Control Technology Research Center, Medicine Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ya-Ping Tian
- Birth Defect Prevention and Control Technology Research Center, Medicine Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Man-Li Zhang
- Birth Defect Prevention and Control Technology Research Center, Medicine Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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15
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Song W, Tang Q, Teng L, Zhang M, Sha S, Li B, Zhu L. Exercise for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on preclinical studies. Microvasc Res 2023; 147:104502. [PMID: 36746363 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The main pathological manifestation of coronary artery disease is myocardial injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Regular exercise reduces the risk of death during myocardial IR injury. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of various types of exercise on myocardial IR injury. Four electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched from inception until February 2022, to identify studies relevant to the current review, using the method of combining subject and free words. Finally, 16 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed that exercise training decreases the Myocardial infarct size compared to the control group (SMD = -2.6, 95 % CI [-3.53 to -1.67], P < 0.01); increasing the coronary blood flow (MD = 2.93, 95 % CI [2.41 to 3.44], P < 0.01), left ventricular developed pressure (SMD = 2.28, 95 % CI [0.12 to 4.43], P < 0.05), cardiac output (SMD = 1.22, 95 % CI [0.61 to 1.83], P < 0.01) compared to the control group. According to the descriptive analysis results also showed that exercise training increases the left ventricular ejection fraction, superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and decrease the creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, Malondialdehyde, cardiac troponins T. Exercise can improve myocardial function after myocardial IR injury; however, further research is needed in combination with specific issues such as exercise mode, intensity, duration, and model issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Song
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Brain Function and Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lili Teng
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sha Sha
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bingyao Li
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Luwen Zhu
- Brain Function and Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China; Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 15000, China.
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16
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Iannetta D, Rouleau CR, Chirico D, Fontana FY, Hauer T, Wilton SB, Aggarwal S, Austford LD, Arena R, Murias JM. An evaluation of the role of the exercise training dose for changes in exercise capacity following a standard cardiac rehabilitation program. Int J Cardiol 2023; 379:104-110. [PMID: 36934989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To retrospectively characterize and compare the dose of exercise training (ET) within a large cohort of patients demonstrating different levels of improvement in exercise capacity following a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. METHODS A total of 2310 patients who completed a 12-week, center-based, guidelines-informed CR program between January 2018 and December 2019 were included in the analysis. Peak metabolic equivalents (METpeak) were determined pre- and post-CR during which total duration (ET time) and intensity [percent of heart rate peak (%HRpeak)] of supervised ET were also obtained. Training responsiveness was quantified on the basis of changes in METpeak from pre- to post-CR. A cluster analysis was performed to identity clusters demonstrating discrete levels of responsiveness (i.e., negative, low, moderate, high, and very-high). These were compared for several baseline and ET-derived variables which were also included in a multivariable linear regression model. RESULTS At pre-CR, baseline METpeak was progressively lower with greater training responsiveness (F(4,2305) = 44.2, P < 0.01, η2p = 0.71). Likewise, average training duration (F(4,2305) = 10.7 P < 0.01, η2p = 0.02) and %HRpeak (F(4,2305) = 25.1 P < 0.01, η2p = 0.042) quantified during onsite ET sessions were progressively greater with greater training responsiveness. The multivariable linear regression model confirmed that baseline METpeak, training duration and intensity during ET, BMI, and age (P < 0.001) were significant predictors of METpeak post-CR. CONCLUSIONS Along with baseline METpeak, delta BMI, and age, the dose of ET (i.e., training duration and intensity) predicts METpeak at the conclusion of CR. A re-evaluation of current approaches for exercise intensity prescription is recommended to extend the benefits of completing CR to all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Iannetta
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Codie R Rouleau
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; TotalCardiology™ Research Network, Calgary, Canada
| | - Daniele Chirico
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; TotalCardiology™ Research Network, Calgary, Canada
| | - Federico Y Fontana
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Trina Hauer
- TotalCardiology™ Rehabilitation, Calgary, Canada; TotalCardiology™ Research Network, Calgary, Canada
| | - Stephen B Wilton
- TotalCardiology™ Research Network, Calgary, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sandeep Aggarwal
- TotalCardiology™ Research Network, Calgary, Canada; Department of Cardiac Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Ross Arena
- TotalCardiology™ Research Network, Calgary, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Juan M Murias
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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17
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Thuany M, Vieira D, de Paula H, Nikolaidis PT, Scheer V, Weiss K, Cuk I, Knechtle B, Gomes TN. The Relative Importance of Training and Social Support for Runners' Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study. Sports Med Open 2023; 9:17. [PMID: 36821018 PMCID: PMC9950308 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Running participation/performance is a complex system. Understanding the variables associated with these behaviors may help to increase population physical activity and improve performance. This study aimed to investigate social and training variables important for running performance using a network approach. METHODS This cross-sectional study sampled 1151 non-professional Brazilian runners of both sexes (women, 38.2%; men, 61.7%). A questionnaire was available for eligible participants using an online platform, and information regarding training (volume and running pace) and social variables (participation in a running event, participation in a running group, influence on running, runners in the family, and childhood sport) related to runners' performance was obtained. The Chi-square test and network model were estimated by sex. RESULTS Training characteristics tend to be clustered. For both sexes, the training volume node presented the highest expected influence in the network (1.69 for women and 2.16 for men). Centrality indicators of social variables show that sports childhood participation and the presence of runners in the family were the most important nodes of network connection for women and men, respectively. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, it was concluded that sports participation during childhood and the practice of running by other family members were important factors to connect variables in the network. These findings have practical applications for health policymakers, highlighting the need to develop educational programs to increase sports participation during childhood and within families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabliny Thuany
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Douglas Vieira
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil
| | - Henrique de Paula
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil
| | - Pantelis T. Nikolaidis
- grid.499377.70000 0004 7222 9074School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Volker Scheer
- Ultra Sports Science Foundation, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Katja Weiss
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Cuk
- grid.445150.10000 0004 0466 4357Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Management, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Thayse Natacha Gomes
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil ,grid.10049.3c0000 0004 1936 9692Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland ,grid.10049.3c0000 0004 1936 9692Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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18
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Fall L, Stacey BS, Calverley T, Owens T, Thyer K, Griffiths R, Phillips R, Bailey DM. Acute high-intensity interval exercise is less pro-oxidative/thrombotic compared to isovolumic moderate-intensity steady-state exercise. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:35-46. [PMID: 36038705 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
While high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a more time-efficient alternative to moderate-intensity steady-state exercise (MISS), the impact on systemic free radical formation and link to activated coagulation remains unknown. We recruited sixteen healthy males aged 21 ± 3 y who performed incremental cycle ergometry to determine peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text] PEAK). Participants were randomly assigned single blind to two separate groups (MISS: n = 8; HIIT: n = 8) matched for [Formula: see text] PEAK. HIIT participants completed five exercise cycles, each consisting of 3 min at 80%[Formula: see text] PEAK alternating with 3 min at 40% [Formula: see text] PEAK, whereas MISS participants performed an isovolumic bout of 30 min at 60% [Formula: see text] PEAK. Cephalic venous blood was assayed for ascorbate free radical (A•-, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy) and clot fractal dimension (df, rheometry) at rest every hour over a 6-h period to determine critical difference (CD) and before/after submaximal/peak exercise. Submaximal MISS increased A• - and df to a greater extent compared to HIIT (P = 0.039 to 0.057) although elevations generally fell within CD boundaries (54.2% and 5.5% respectively). No further elevations were observed during peak exercise (P = 0.508 to 0.827) and no relationships were observed between A•- and df (r = 0.435 to - 0.121, P = 0.092 to 0.655). Collectively, these findings suggest that HIIT is less pro-oxidative/thrombotic compared to more traditional MISS, advocating its prescription in patients given the potential for superior vascular adaptive benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Fall
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Benjamin S Stacey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, CF37 4AT, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Thomas Calverley
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, CF37 4AT, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Thomas Owens
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, CF37 4AT, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Kaitlin Thyer
- Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Rhodri Griffiths
- Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Rhodri Phillips
- Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK. .,Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, CF37 4AT, Pontypridd, UK.
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Henriksson A, Strandberg E, Stenling A, Mazzoni AS, Sjövall K, Börjeson S, Raastad T, Demmelmaier I, Berntsen S, Nordin K. Does inflammation markers or treatment type moderate exercise intensity effects on changes in muscle strength in cancer survivors participating in a 6-month combined resistance- and endurance exercise program? Results from the Phys-Can trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:8. [PMID: 36658635 PMCID: PMC9854232 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance exercise has a beneficial impact on physical function for patients receiving oncological treatment. However, there is an inter-individual variation in the response to exercise and the tolerability to high-intensity exercise. Identifying potential moderating factors, such as inflammation and treatment type, for changes in muscle strength is important to improve the effectiveness of exercise programs. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if inflammation and type of oncological treatment moderate the effects of exercise intensity (high vs. low-moderate) on muscular strength changes in patients with breast (BRCA) or prostate cancer (PRCA). METHODS Participants with BRCA (n = 286) and PRCA (n = 65) from the Physical training and Cancer study (Phys-Can) were included in the present study. Participants performed a combined resistance- and endurance exercise program during six months, at either high or low-moderate intensity. Separate regression models were estimated for each cancer type, with and without interaction terms. Moderators included in the models were treatment type (i.e., neo/adjuvant chemotherapy-yes/no for BRCA, adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)-yes/no for PRCA)), and inflammation (interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)) at follow-up. RESULTS For BRCA, neither IL6 (b = 2.469, 95% CI [- 7.614, 12.552]) nor TNFα (b = 0.036, 95% CI [- 6.345, 6.418]) levels moderated the effect of exercise intensity on muscle strength change. The same was observed for chemotherapy treatment (b = 4.893, 95% CI [- 2.938, 12.724]). Similarly, for PRCA, the effect of exercise intensity on muscle strength change was not moderated by IL6 (b = - 1.423, 95% CI [- 17.894, 15.048]) and TNFα (b = - 1.905, 95% CI [- 8.542, 4.732]) levels, nor by ADT (b = - 0.180, 95% CI [- 11.201, 10.841]). CONCLUSIONS The effect of exercise intensity on muscle strength is not moderated by TNFα, IL6, neo/adjuvant chemotherapy, or ADT, and therefore cannot explain any intra-variation of training response regarding exercise intensity (e.g., strength gain) for BRCA or PRCA in this setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02473003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Henriksson
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emelie Strandberg
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Stenling
- grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne-Sophie Mazzoni
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Sjövall
- grid.16982.340000 0001 0697 1236Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Sussanne Börjeson
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Department of Oncology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Truls Raastad
- grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway ,grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Demmelmaier
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sveinung Berntsen
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Karin Nordin
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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McDougle JM, Mangine GT, Townsend JR, Jajtner AR, Feito Y. Acute physiological outcomes of high-intensity functional training: a scoping review. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14493. [PMID: 36620744 PMCID: PMC9817969 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to high-intensity functional training (HIFT) have been conducted. However, due to a restricted pool of available research, these investigations are often limited in scope. As such, a scoping review investigating the present literature surrounding the acute physiological response to HIFT-based exercise was chosen as a more appropriate structured review. Methodology A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Three large scale databases were searched to reveal any article pertaining to HIFT and related exercise terminology. Results A total of 2,241 articles were found during the initial search. Following this, titles, then abstracts, and full-texts were reviewed to determine inclusion eligibility. A total of 60 articles which investigated a combined total of 35 unique HIFT workouts were included within this review. Conclusions A variety of physiological parameters and HIFT workouts have been examined. Markers of intensity (e.g., blood lactate concentrations, heart rate) have been most consistently assessed across all studies, and these support the idea that HIFT workouts are typically performed at high-intensity. In contrast, the inclusion of most other measures (e.g., hormonal, markers of inflammation and damage, energy expenditure, performance) has been inconsistent and has thus, limited the possibility for making generalized conclusions. Differences in study methodologies have further impacted conclusions, as different studies have varied in sample population characteristics, workouts assessed, and time points. Though it may be impossible to comprehensively research all possible HIFT workouts, consistent adoption of population definitions and workload quantification may overcome this challenge and assist with future comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. McDougle
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Gerald T. Mangine
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Jeremy R. Townsend
- Exercise and Nutrition Science, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Adam R. Jajtner
- Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Yuri Feito
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States,American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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21
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Orr EL, Staniar WB, Smarsh DN. A Survey of Pennsylvania Horse Management: Part Two - Exercise. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 120:104186. [PMID: 36464031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the frequency, duration, and intensity of exercise is important for determining the optimal diet and management of horses. The objective of the study was to characterize the exercise management of horses in Pennsylvania. An online survey was distributed from February 27th to August 31st, 2020. Respondents were asked to place their horse in an exercise category, as well as report on frequency and duration of exercise and time spent at each gait. Nonparametric statistics (mdn=median) and tests were used when data were not normally distributed. Of the 470 horses, 68% were regularly exercised. The exercised horses were classified as 49% (135/275) in light, 41% (113/275) in moderate, and 12% (32/275) in heavy/very heavy exercise. Of those exercised, 43% (120/278) were ridden recreationally (not used for competition). The median minutes per week spent exercising was 180 minutes (IQR=183). The average number of exercise sessions per week was 3.6 ± 2.2. Horses in heavy/very heavy (mdn=220 min, IQR=272) and moderate exercise (mdn=180 min, IQR=180) spent more minutes exercising per week compared to light exercise (mdn=120 minute, IQR=180; P< .05). Total number of exercise sessions completed per week differed between horses in light (mdn=2 sessions, IQR=3), moderate (mdn=4 sessions, IQR=2), and heavy/very heavy exercise (mdn=6 sessions, IQR=2; P < .05). Horses were exercised for a similar duration and frequency per week compared to previous studies. Some challenges exist for placing horses in NRC exercise categories based on self-reports only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Orr
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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22
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Halle M, Prescott E, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Beckers P, Videm V, Karlsen T, Feiereisen P, Winzer EB, Mangner N, Snoer M, Christle JW, Dalen H, Støylen A, Esefeld K, Heitkamp M, Spanier B, Linke A, Ellingsen Ø, Delagardelle C. Moderate continuous or high intensity interval exercise in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Differences between ischemic and non-ischemic etiology. Am Heart J Plus 2022; 22:100202. [PMID: 38558910 PMCID: PMC10978420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Exercise for heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is recommended by guidelines, but exercise mode and intensities are not differentiated between HF etiologies. We, therefore, investigated the effect of moderate or high intensity exercise on left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and maximal exercise capacity (peak VO2) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). Methods The Study of Myocardial Recovery after Exercise Training in Heart Failure (SMARTEX-HF) consecutively enrolled 231 patients with HFrEF (LVEF ≤ 35 %, NYHA II-III) in a 12-weeks supervised exercise program. Patients were stratified for HFrEF etiology (ICM versus NICM) and randomly assigned (1:1:1) to supervised exercise thrice weekly: a) moderate continuous training (MCT) at 60-70 % of peak heart rate (HR), b) high intensity interval training (HIIIT) at 90-95 % peak HR, or c) recommendation of regular exercise (RRE) according to guidelines. LVEDD, LVEF and peak VO2 were assessed at baseline, after 12 and 52 weeks. Results 215 patients completed the intervention. ICM (59 %; n = 126) compared to NICM patients (41 %; n = 89) had significantly lower peak VO2 values at baseline and after 12 weeks (difference in peak VO2 2.2 mL/(kg*min); p < 0.0005) without differences between time points (p = 0.11) or training groups (p = 0.15). Etiology did not influence changes of LVEDD or LVEF (p = 0.30; p = 0.12), even when adjusting for sex, age and smoking status (p = 0.54; p = 0.12). Similar findings were observed after 52 weeks. Conclusions Etiology of HFrEF did not influence the effects of moderate or high intensity exercise on cardiac dimensions, systolic function or exercise capacity. Clinical Trial Registration–URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00917046.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, University hospital ´Klinikum rechts der Isar´, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emeline M. Van Craenenbroeck
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Paul Beckers
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Vibeke Videm
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine Karlsen
- CERG – Cardiac Exercise Research Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Ephraim B. Winzer
- Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Norman Mangner
- Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Snoer
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Zeeland University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey W. Christle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, University hospital ´Klinikum rechts der Isar´, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Håvard Dalen
- CERG – Cardiac Exercise Research Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Støylen
- CERG – Cardiac Exercise Research Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katrin Esefeld
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, University hospital ´Klinikum rechts der Isar´, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Heitkamp
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, University hospital ´Klinikum rechts der Isar´, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Spanier
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, University hospital ´Klinikum rechts der Isar´, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Linke
- Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Øyvind Ellingsen
- CERG – Cardiac Exercise Research Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - SMARTEX-HF Study Group
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, University hospital ´Klinikum rechts der Isar´, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- CERG – Cardiac Exercise Research Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Zeeland University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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Kominami K, Akino M. Prolonged mean response time in older adults with cardiovascular risk compared to healthy older adults. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:173. [PMID: 36151572 PMCID: PMC9503204 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background During incremental exercise (Inc-Ex), the mean response time (MRT) of oxygen uptake (V̇O2) represents the time delay before changes in muscle V̇O2 reflect at the mouth level. MRT calculation by linear regression or monoexponential (τ’) fitting of V̇O2 data are known to be highly variable, and a combination of incremental and constant load exercise (CL-Ex) is more reproducible. Methods We evaluated MRT in older adults using linear regression and combination methods. We recruited 20 healthy adults (male: 9, 69.4 ± 6.8 years) and 10 cardiovascular risk subjects (male: 8, 73.0 ± 8.8 years). On day 1, they performed Inc-Ex using a 10W/min ramp protocol, for determination of the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) using the V-slope method. On day 2, they performed Inc-Ex to VAT exercise intensity and CL-Ex for 25min total. The MRT was calculated from the CL-Ex V̇O2 average and the time at equivalent V̇O2 in the Inc-Ex. We also assessed the amount of physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF). Results The MRT of healthy participants and those at cardiovascular risk were 49.2 ± 36.3 vs. 83.6 ± 45.4s (p = 0.033). Total physical activity in the IPAQ-SF was inversely correlated with MRT. Conclusion The MRT was significantly prolonged in cardiovascular risk participants compared to healthy participants, possibly related to the amount of daily physical activity. Individual MRT may be useful for adjustment of exercise intensity, but this should also be based on daily physical activity and individual condition during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Kominami
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sanseikai Kitano Hospital, 6-30, 1-chome, Kitano1-jyo, Kiyota-ku, 004-0861, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Akino
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Kiyota Orthopedic Hospital, 1-50, 4-chome, Kiyota1-jyo, Kiyota-ku, 004-0841, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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24
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Hansen D, Abreu A, Ambrosetti M, Cornelissen V, Gevaert A, Kemps H, Laukkanen JA, Pedretti R, Simonenko M, Wilhelm M, Davos CH, Doehner W, Iliou MC, Kränkel N, Völler H, Piepoli M. Exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiovascular rehabilitation and beyond: why and how: a position statement from the Secondary Prevention and Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:230-245. [PMID: 34077542 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A proper determination of the exercise intensity is important for the rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) since it affects the effectiveness and medical safety of exercise training. In 2013, the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), together with the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation, published a position statement on aerobic exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR). Since this publication, many subsequent papers were published concerning the determination of the exercise intensity in CR, in which some controversies were revealed and some of the commonly applied concepts were further refined. Moreover, how to determine the exercise intensity during resistance training was not covered in this position paper. In light of these new findings, an update on how to determine the exercise intensity for patients with CVD is mandatory, both for aerobic and resistance exercises. In this EAPC position paper, it will be explained in detail which objective and subjective methods for CR exercise intensity determination exist for aerobic and resistance training, together with their (dis)advantages and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
- UHasselt, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, BIOMED-REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Centre, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ana Abreu
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria/Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa (CAML), Exercise and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Laboratory, Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Ambrosetti
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, ASST Ospedale Maggiore Crema, Crema, Italy
| | - Veronique Cornelissen
- Research Unit of Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Gevaert
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Belgium
| | - Hareld Kemps
- Department of Cardiology, Maxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Care and Research Institute, Sesto San Giovanni, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Pedretti
- Heart Transplantation Outpatient Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Research Department, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Simonenko
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wilhelm
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- BCRT-Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Department of Cardiology (Virchow Klinikum), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention Department, Corentin Celton Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris Centre Université de Paris, Paris, France
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin D-1220, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Iliou
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Cardiology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolle Kränkel
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin D-1220, Germany
- Klinik am See, Rehabilitation Centers for Internal Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz Völler
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Heart Failure Unit, G. da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza and University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Piepoli
- Heart Failure Unit, G. da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza and University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Sabbahi A, Canada JM, Babu AS, Severin R, Arena R, Ozemek C. Exercise training in cardiac rehabilitation: Setting the right intensity for optimal benefit. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 70:58-65. [PMID: 35149002 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs are recommended standard-of-care by all major cardiovascular medicine professional organizations. Exercise training is the cornerstone for CR, with aerobic training being the primary form of training. The benefits of exercise training are multiple; however, improved cardiorespiratory fitness is of utmost importance. Moderate-intensity continuous training, supplemented with resistance training, has traditionally been the most common form of exercise training in CR. This review discusses the role of aerobic exercise training in CR and the importance of effective and personalized exercise prescription for optimized results. We also focus on the benefits and utility of high-intensity interval training across different clinical populations commonly seen in the CR setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sabbahi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; School of Physical Therapy, South College, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Justin M Canada
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Abraham Samuel Babu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Richard Severin
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cemal Ozemek
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Lea JWD, O'Driscoll JM, Hulbert S, Scales J, Wiles JD. Convergent Validity of Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Resistance Exercise in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med Open 2022; 8:2. [PMID: 35000021 PMCID: PMC8742800 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The validity of ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during aerobic training is well established; however, its validity during resistance exercise is less clear. This meta-analysis used the known relationships between RPE and exercise intensity (EI), heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa), blood pressure (BP) and electromyography (EMG) to determine the convergent validity of RPE as a measure of resistance exercise intensity and physiological exertion, during different forms of resistance exercise. Additionally, this study aims to assess the effect of several moderator variables on the strength of the validity coefficients, so that clearer guidance can be given on the use of RPE during resistance exercise. Methods An online search of 4 databases and websites (PubMed, Web of Science SPORTDiscus and ResearchGate) was conducted up to 28 February 2020. Additionally, the reference lists of the included articles were inspected manually for further unidentified studies. The inclusion criteria were healthy participants of any age, a rating scale used to measure RPE, resistance exercise of any type, one cohort receiving no other intervention, and must present data from one of the following outcome measures: EI, HR, BP, EMG or BLa. Weighted mean effect sizes (r) were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the τ2 and I2 statistics. Moderator analysis was conducted using random-effects meta-regression. Results One-hundred and eighteen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, with 75 studies (99 unique cohorts) included in the meta-analysis. The overall weighted mean validity coefficient was large (0.88; 95% CI 0.84–0.91) and between studies heterogeneity was very large (τ2 = 0.526, I2 = 96.1%). Studies using greater workload ranges, isometric muscle actions, and those that manipulated workload or repetition time, showed the highest validity coefficients. Conversely, sex, age, training status, RPE scale used, and outcome measure no significant effect. Conclusions RPE provides a valid measure of exercise intensity and physiological exertion during resistance exercise, with effect sizes comparable to or greater than those shown during aerobic exercise. Therefore, RPE may provide an easily accessible means of prescribing and monitoring resistance exercise training. Trial Registration The systematic review protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42018102640). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-021-00386-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W D Lea
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK.
| | - Jamie M O'Driscoll
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - Sabina Hulbert
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - James Scales
- Institute of Population and Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jonathan D Wiles
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK
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Girard O, Mariotti-Nesurini L, Malatesta D. Acute performance and physiological responses to upper-limb multi-set exercise to failure: Effects of external resistance and systemic hypoxia. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1877-1888. [PMID: 34736360 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.2002951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study quantified performance and physiological responses during multi-set resistance exercise to failure at light versus moderate loads in normoxia and systemic hypoxia. On separate visits, fifteen resistance-trained adults performed barbell biceps curl exercise trials (6 sets to failure, 2 min rest between sets) in four separate randomised conditions; i.e. in normoxia at 380 m above sea level or systemic hypoxia at ∼3800 m simulated altitude (inspired oxygen fraction = 20.9% and 12.9%, respectively) combined with two different intensity levels (30% and 70% of 1 repetition maximal or 1RM). Muscle activation (root mean square value calculated from surface electromyography) and oxygenation (integrated-tissue saturation index derived from near-infrared spectroscopy) were monitored for the biceps brachii muscle. The total number of repetitions before failure at 30% 1RM (122 ± 5 vs. 131 ± 5; P = 0.021), but not 70% 1RM (39 ± 1 vs. 41 ± 2; P = 0.313), was lower in hypoxia compared to normoxia. Root mean square activity of the biceps brachii muscle was higher for 70% 1RM compared to 30% 1RM (P < 0.001), while the increase in muscle activation from the first to the last set (P < 0.001) occurred independently of altitude (P > 0.158). Deoxygenation and reoxygenation responses were higher under hypoxic versus normoxic conditions at 70% 1 RM (P = 0.013 and P = 0.015) but not 30% 1RM (P = 0.528 and P = 0.384). During upper-limb multi-set resistance exercise to failure, exposure to acute normobaric hypoxia negatively impacts performance at light, but not moderate, loads. Overall, external resistance has more profound effects on physiological strain than hypoxic exposure per se.Highlights The addition of acute systemic hypoxia negatively affects work performed at low, but not moderate, loads during upper-limb resistance exercise to failure.Hypoxic exposure, however, does not fundamentally alter muscle activation and oxygenation patterns.Muscle activation and oxygenation responses in turn are more largely influenced by load lifted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Luca Mariotti-Nesurini
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Malatesta
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Usui N, Uehata A, Nakata J, Inatsu A, Tsubaki A, Saitoh M, Izumi T, Chiba Y, Kojima S, Suzuki Y. Effect of blood volume change related to intensity of intradialytic aerobic exercise on hemodialysis adequacy: a pilot study. Int Urol Nephrol 2021. [PMID: 34665412 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-03038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intradialytic exercise may improve dialysis efficiency; however, the association between changes in blood volume (BV) related to exercise intensity and solute removal kinetics remains unknown. We herein investigated the relationship between changes in BV with exercise and removal of solute molecules during hemodialysis. METHODS Each of the 21 hemodialysis patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise test to measure anaerobic threshold (AT). According to the exercise intensity, patients were classified into two groups, the low group (n = 12), whose intensity was below the AT, and the high group (n = 9), whose intensity was at the AT level. Each patient completed two trial arms of resting and discontinuous exercise dialysis sessions in a randomized manner. RESULTS The change in BV with the exercise dialysis session in the high group decreased during exercise (p = 0.028) and remained decreased after exercise (p = 0.016), compared with the low group. In the low group, compared with routine sessions, the removal of potassium (p = 0.030), phosphate (p = 0.024), and urea nitrogen (p = 0.065) increased during exercise, but the total removal of these solutes did not change. In the high group, the removal of phosphate (p < 0.001) and urea nitrogen (p = 0.018) after exercise and even total phosphate (p = 0.027) decreased. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the removal of small solute molecules is improved during exercise in intradialytic low-intensity exercise with no change in BV, and decreased after exercise in high-intensity exercise with a decrease in BV. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY Trial retrospectively registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry: study number UMIN000038629 (Registration date: September 7, 2019).
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Tari B, Shirzad M, Behboodpour N, Belfry GR, Heath M. Exercise intensity-specific changes to cerebral blood velocity do not modulate a postexercise executive function benefit. Neuropsychologia 2021; 161:108018. [PMID: 34487738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Executive function is transiently improved (i.e., <60-min) following a single bout of aerobic exercise. A candidate mechanism for this improvement is an exercise-mediated increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF). Further, it has been proposed that an increase in CBF across the continuum of increasing exercise intensities improves the magnitude of a postexercise executive function benefit (i.e., drive theory); however, this proposal has not been empirically tested. Here, participants completed four experimental sessions: a V̇O2peak test to determine cardiorespiratory fitness and estimated lactate threshold (LT), followed by separate 10-min sessions of light- (i.e., 25 W), moderate- (i.e., 80% estimated LT), and heavy-intensity (i.e., 15% of the difference between LT and V̇O2peak) aerobic exercise. An estimate of CBF during exercise was achieved via transcranial Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy to quantify blood velocity (BV) through the middle cerebral artery and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), respectively. Executive function was assessed before and after each session via the executive-mediated antisaccade task (i.e., saccade mirror-symmetrical to a target). Results demonstrated that BV increased in relation to increasing exercise intensity, whereas HHb decreased by a comparable magnitude independent of intensity. In terms of executive function, null hypothesis and equivalence tests indicated a comparable magnitude postexercise reduction in antisaccade reaction time across exercise intensities. Accordingly, the magnitude of CBF change during exercise does not impact the magnitude of a postexercise executive function benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Tari
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Mustafa Shirzad
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Nikan Behboodpour
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Glen R Belfry
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, University of Western Ontario, 1201 Western Rd, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Matthew Heath
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, University of Western Ontario, 1201 Western Rd, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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Karavirta L, Leppä H, Rantalainen T, Eronen J, Portegijs E, Rantanen T. Physical activity scaled to preferred walking speed as a predictor of walking difficulty in older adults: a 2-year follow-up. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:597-604. [PMID: 34590115 PMCID: PMC8893185 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The usual accelerometry-based measures of physical activity (PA) are dependent on physical performance. We investigated the associations between PA relative to walking performance and the prevalence and incidence of early and advanced walking difficulties compared to generally used measures of PA. Methods Perceived walking difficulty was evaluated in 994 community-dwelling participants at baseline (age 75, 80, or 85 years) and 2 years later over 2 km (early difficulty) and 500 m (advanced difficulty). We used a thigh-mounted accelerometer to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA, daily mean acceleration, and relative PA as movement beyond the intensity of preferred walking speed in a 6-minute walking test (PArel). Self-reported PA was assessed using questionnaires. Results The prevalence and incidence were 36.2% and 18.9% for early and 22.4% and 14.9% for advanced walking difficulty, respectively. PArel was lower in participants with prevalent (mean 42 [SD 45] vs 69 [91] min/week, p < .001) but not incident early walking difficulty (53 [75] vs 72 [96] min/week, p = .15) compared to those without difficulty. The associations between absolute measures of PA and incident walking difficulty were attenuated when adjusted for preferred walking speed. Conclusions The variation in habitual PA may not explain the differences in the development of new walking difficulty. Differences in physical performance explain a meaningful part of the association of PA with incident walking difficulty. Scaling of accelerometry to preferred walking speed demonstrated independence on physical performance and warrants future study as a promising indicator of PA in observational studies among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Karavirta
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heidi Leppä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Johanna Eronen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Erja Portegijs
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Caplin A, Chen FS, Beauchamp MR, Puterman E. The effects of exercise intensity on the cortisol response to a subsequent acute psychosocial stressor. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 131:105336. [PMID: 34175558 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this experimental study was to determine the extent to which the intensity of a single 30 min bout of exercise alters the salivary cortisol (sCort) response to a subsequently induced acute psychosocial stressor. The study further aimed to elucidate a physiological mechanism through which exercise intensity exerts stress-mitigating effects. METHODS Eighty-three healthy men (Mage = 21.04 SD = 2.89) were randomly assigned to exercise on a treadmill at either 30%, 50% or 70% of their heart rate reserve (HRR) for 30 min and then underwent the Trier Social Stress Test 45 min later. sCort was measured repeatedly throughout and following the exercise bout and stressor task. RESULTS ANCOVA and Multilevel Growth Curve Analysis determined that vigorous (70% HRR) exercise elicited dampened sCort responses to the stressor task, marked by lower total sCort levels, diminished sCort reactivity, and faster recovery to baseline values, as compared to less intense exercise. Moreover, exercise elicited a sCort response in proportion to the intensity at which it was performed, and this exercise-associated HPA-axis response was inversely proportional to the sCort response to the subsequent stressor task. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that exercise-intensity dampens the HPA-axis stress response in a dose-dependent manner, with evidence that the cortisol released from exercising intensely suppresses the subsequent cortisol response to a psychosocial stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caplin
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z1
| | - F S Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 3521-2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z4
| | - M R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z1
| | - E Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z1.
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Hatamoto Y, Yoshimura E, Takae R, Komiyama T, Matsumoto M, Higaki Y, Tanaka H. The effects of breaking sedentary time with different intensity exercise bouts on energy metabolism: A randomized cross-over controlled trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1879-1889. [PMID: 33992509 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Breaking up sedentary periods, particularly with light activity, increases total energy expenditure (EE), and helps provide better glycemic control. However, the effects of activities of various intensities to interrupt prolonged sedentary time are unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine potential differences in glycemic control and EE from breaking up sedentary time with short exercise bouts of different intensities. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine overweight/obesity young men underwent whole body indirect calorimetry at 19:00 on day 1 and stayed overnight. After awakening on day 2, they performed short duration jogging every 30 min over 8 h (16-time bouts in total) under 3 different conditions with the same running distance: (1) lactate threshold (LT) for 2 min, (2) 60% LT for 200 s, and (3) onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) for 75 s. The 24-h EE and interstitial glucose concentration (from 8:00 to 19:00 on day 2) was continuously measured throughout the trials. The standard deviation during intervention and indexes of postprandial of the interstitial glucose concentration was significantly lower at LT and OBLA than at 60% LT (p < 0.05). The 24-h EE was not significantly different among conditions, but EE at OBLA during intervention was slightly but significantly higher than at 60% LT and LT. CONCLUSION Breaking up sedentary time with short-duration jogging at LT and with OBLA intensities may have better glycemic control and increased use of carbohydrate as a fuel, while short-duration a jogging at OBLA intensity may increase EE. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN000041361.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Hatamoto
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan; Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.
| | - Eiichi Yoshimura
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.
| | - Rie Takae
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan; Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Siebold, 1-1-1 Manabino, Nagayo-cho, Nishi-Sonogi-gun, Nagasaki, 851-2195, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Komiyama
- Center for Education in Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Mai Matsumoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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Sakamoto R, Katayose M, Yamada Y, Neki T, Kamoda T, Tamai K, Yamazaki K, Iwamoto E. High-but not moderate-intensity exercise acutely attenuates hypercapnia-induced vasodilation of the internal carotid artery in young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2471-2485. [PMID: 34028613 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise-induced increases in shear rate (SR) across different exercise intensities may differentially affect hypercapnia-induced vasodilation of the internal carotid artery (ICA), a potential index of cerebrovascular function. We aimed to elucidate the effects of exercise intensity on ICA SR during exercise and post-exercise hypercapnia-induced vasodilation of the ICA in young men. METHODS Twelve healthy men completed 30 min of cycling at moderate [MIE; 65 ± 5% of age-predicted maximal heart rate (HRmax)] and high (HIE; 85 ± 5% HRmax) intensities. Hypercapnia-induced vasodilation was induced by 3 min of hypercapnia (target end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 + 10 mmHg) and was assessed at pre-exercise, 5 min and 60 min after exercise. Doppler ultrasound was used to measure ICA diameter and blood velocity during exercise and hypercapnia tests. RESULTS SR was not altered during either exercise (interaction and main effects of time; both P > 0.05). ICA conductance decreased during HIE from resting values (5.1 ± 1.3 to 3.2 ± 1.0 mL·min-1·mmHg-1; P < 0.01) but not during MIE (5.0 ± 1.3 to 4.0 ± 0.8 mL·min-1·mmHg-1; P = 0.11). Consequently, hypercapnia-induced vasodilation declined immediately after HIE (6.9 ± 1.7% to 4.0 ± 1.4%; P < 0.01), but not after MIE (7.2 ± 2.1% to 7.3 ± 1.8%; P > 0.05). Sixty minutes after exercise, hypercapnia-induced vasodilation returned to baseline values in both trials (MIE 8.0 ± 3.1%; HIE 6.4 ± 2.9%; both P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study showed blunted hypercapnia-induced vasodilation of the ICA immediately after high-intensity exercise, but not a moderate-intensity exercise in young men. Given that the acute response is partly linked to the adaptive response in the peripheral endothelial function, the effects of aerobic training on cerebrovascular health may vary depending on exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Sakamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayose
- School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Neki
- School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kamoda
- School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tamai
- School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kotomi Yamazaki
- School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Erika Iwamoto
- School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Lin MA, Meng LF, Ouyang Y, Chan HL, Chang YJ, Chen SW, Liaw JW. Resistance-induced brain activity changes during cycle ergometer exercises. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:27. [PMID: 33741055 PMCID: PMC7977282 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background EEGs are frequently employed to measure cerebral activations during physical exercise or in response to specific physical tasks. However, few studies have attempted to understand how exercise-state brain activity is modulated by exercise intensity. Methods Ten healthy subjects were recruited for sustained cycle ergometer exercises at low and high resistance, performed on two separate days a week apart. Exercise-state EEG spectral power and phase-locking values (PLV) are analyzed to assess brain activity modulated by exercise intensity. Results The high-resistance exercise produced significant changes in beta-band PLV from early to late pedal stages for electrode pairs F3-Cz, P3-Pz, and P3-P4, and in alpha-band PLV for P3-P4, as well as the significant change rate in alpha-band power for electrodes C3 and P3. On the contrary, the evidence for changes in brain activity during the low-resistance exercise was not found. Conclusion These results show that the cortical activation and cortico-cortical coupling are enhanced to take on more workload, maintaining high-resistance pedaling at the required speed, during the late stage of the exercise period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-An Lin
- Faculty of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiang-Su, China
| | - Ling-Fu Meng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Ouyang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lung Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ju Chang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. .,School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, and Health Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Szi-Wen Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Woei Liaw
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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Karavirta L, Rantalainen T, Skantz H, Lisko I, Portegijs E, Rantanen T. Individual Scaling of Accelerometry to Preferred Walking Speed in the Assessment of Physical Activity in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:e111-e118. [PMID: 32506116 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking forms a large portion of physical activity (PA) of older adults. We assessed free-living PA using acceleration corresponding to preferred walking speed as a relative cut-point and studied how it relates to age. We compared the relative cut-point to a common absolute cut-point of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). METHOD Four hundred forty-four community-dwelling adults aged 75, 80, and 85 years wore an accelerometer on the thigh during a PA surveillance period and a modified 6-minute walking test (6MWT) at preferred speed. Each individual's mean acceleration (g) during the 6MWT was used as a cut-point for relative PA. Acceleration corresponding to three metabolic equivalents (METs) was used as the cut-point for absolute MVPA. RESULTS When using the acceleration of preferred walking speed as a cut-point, 62 (SD 82) minutes a week of relative PA was detected, compared to 228 (163) minutes of absolute MVPA. For 96% of the participants, the acceleration generated by their preferred walking speed exceeded the common absolute cut-point for MVPA. Absolute MVPA was lower in the older age groups, and 6MWT speed explained 22% of its variation (p < .001), whereas relative PA was independent of walking speed and age. CONCLUSIONS Preferred walking speed was a significant contributor to absolute MVPA and those who walked the slowest accumulated the least MVPA. Assessing relative PA using the intensity of preferred walking speed as a cut-point eliminated the dependency of PA on age and walking speed, and may be a feasible scaling option to evaluate relative PA among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Karavirta
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heidi Skantz
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Inna Lisko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.,Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erja Portegijs
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Kobayashi M, Shinohara T, Usuda S. Accuracy of wrist-worn heart rate monitors during physical therapy sessions among hemiparetic inpatients with stroke. J Phys Ther Sci 2021; 33:45-51. [PMID: 33519074 PMCID: PMC7829560 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.33.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] We aimed to examine the accuracy of heart rate monitors worn on the wrist by
patients with stroke. The wrist worn heart rate monitor could improve the quality of
rehabilitation by monitoring exercise intensity during physical therapy. [Participants and
Methods] Thirty inpatients with subacute hemiparetic stroke wore heart rate monitors on
both (non-paretic and paretic) wrists, as well as a chest heart rate monitor. We recorded
the heart rate values measured at the wrist and chest every minute during physical therapy
sessions. The wrist monitors were an optical heart rate measurement device based on
photoplethysmography, and the chest monitor was a traditional chest device based on
electrocardiography. The relative and absolute reliabilities between the heart rate
measurements from the wrist and chest monitors were calculated. [Results] The intraclass
correlation coefficients for model 2.1 ranged from 0.75 to 0.79. Bland-Altman analysis
revealed a very slight fixed bias; however, no significant proportional bias was observed.
For the non-paretic and paretic sides, the lower and upper limits of agreement ranged from
−21.8 to 23.8 beats/min and from −20.8 to 21.6 beats/min, and the mean absolute percentage
errors were 6.7% and 5.9%, respectively. The Cohen’s d value was small. [Conclusion] The
relative reliability of the wrist heart rate monitors was substantial. The absolute
reliability as bias in wrist heart rate and chest heart rate was small, but heart rates
estimated from wrist monitors were not particularly accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kobayashi
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital: 3-26-8 Ootomo-Machi, Maebashi 371-0847, Japan
| | | | - Shigeru Usuda
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan
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Mahmood M, Azevedo LB, Maguire A, Buzalaf M, Zohoori FV. Pharmacokinetics of fluoride in human adults: The effect of exercise. Chemosphere 2021; 262:127796. [PMID: 32755695 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The literature is sparse in terms of the effect of exercise on the pharmacokinetics of fluoride (F) in humans. In a 4-treatment repeated measures cross-over study, we investigated F pharmacokinetics following no exercise (control) and three exercise intensity conditions (light, moderate and vigorous) in healthy adults. At a pre-experimental session, 8 participants (18-30y) residing in a non-fluoridated-area, underwent a VO2 max test to guide the three exercise intensities for the experimental sessions. Participants were on a F-free regime one week before and throughout the four experimental weeks. We measured urinary F excretion (UFE), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), lag time of Cmax (Tmax), and Area Under the Curve (AUC) for plasma F concentration against time, following F ingestion then no, light, moderate and vigorous exercise. Results showed no statistically significant difference in Tmax among all sessions; whereas Cmax for moderate exercise (226.2 ng/ml) was significantly higher than for no (27.0 ng/ml; p < 0.001), light (105.6 ng/ml; p = 0.016) and vigorous (94.2 ng/ml; p = 0.008) exercise. Mean AUC over 0-90 min following F ingestion was also significantly higher in moderate exercise than for no (p < 0.001), light (p = 0.004) and vigorous (p = 0.001) exercise. Mean UFE over 0-14h was 638.8, 718.7, 574.6 and 450.5 μg for no, light, moderate and vigorous exercise, with no statistically significant differences among different sessions. In conclusion, this human experimental study suggests that moderate exercise may increase the fraction of F absorbed systemically which is therefore available to produce a biological effect. Future studies should be conducted with larger samples, different age groups and using different F doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mahmood
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Liane B Azevedo
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Anne Maguire
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - M Buzalaf
- Bauru Dental School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Jee H. Kinematic Comparisons of Increased Exercise Repetitions and Intensities on the Dominant and Non-Dominant Upper Limbs for Prevention of Dyskinesia. Iran J Public Health 2020; 49:1878-1884. [PMID: 33346238 PMCID: PMC7719663 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49i10.4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Increased exercise repetitions and intensities need to be compared between dominant and non-dominant sides to prevent asymmetrically conducted movements for possible dyskinesia. Methods: A total of 20 participants were enrolled from Inha University, Incheon, Korea in 2019. They were assessed for comparisons of asymmetrical motion between the dominant and non-dominant arms during the abduction and adduction lateral raises during more than fifteen repetitions and low and high exercise intensity by giving different weight loads based on 1-RM. Results: Repetition led to significant reductions in range of motion for both dominant and non-dominant sides. In addition, increased repetitions led to significant greater reductions in range of motion especially toward the last phases of repetitions. Moreover, the dominant side showed significantly increased accelerations with increased intensities. Conclusion: Increased repetitions and exercise intensity led to reduced range of motion and increased accelerations especially for the dominant sides. Dispersing kinematics should be considered to minimize possible dyskinesia between the symmetric sides when performing repetitive and loading physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haemi Jee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Namseoul University, Cheonan-si, Korea
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Kao HH, Hsu HS, Wu TH, Chiang HF, Huang HY, Wang HJ, Yang G, Lin WY. Effects of a single bout of short-duration high-intensity and long-duration low-intensity exercise on insulin resistance and adiponectin/leptin ratio. Obes Res Clin Pract 2020; 15:58-63. [PMID: 33272841 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Moderate-intensity exercise improves insulin sensitivity, which may depend on the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise. We examined the effects of a single bout of short-duration high-intensity exercise (HIE) and long-duration lowintensity exercise (LIE) on insulin sensitivity and the adiponectin/leptin ratio in individuals with different body mass indices (BMIs) who do not exercise regularly. METHODS We enrolled 42 healthy volunteers aged 20-64 years and divided them into two groups based on BMI: BMI <24 kg/m2 and BMI ≥27 kg/m2. They were randomly assigned to either the short-duration (20 min) HIE (70%-80% heart rate reserve, HRR) or long-duration (60 min) LIE training groups (30%-40% HRR). Glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels were assessed before training and at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after training. RESULTS We finally analyzed 27 normal weight and 9 obese individuals. No significant differences were observed in the baseline information of both BMI groups. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance significantly improved for both exercise patterns in the normal weight group and for the HIE pattern in the obese group (P < 0.01), whereas the adiponectin/leptin ratio increased significantly only among normal weight participants with the LIE intervention. CONCLUSION Both exercise patterns in BMI <24 kg/m2 and BMI ≥27 kg/m2 benefit on insulin resistance. Therefore, people can choose the way they can fit to improve insulin resistance both short-duration high-intensity exercise and long-duration low-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Han Kao
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Shui Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hsien Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Chiang
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Huang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gloria Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yuan Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Social Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Chen X, Marrone G, Olson TP, Lundborg CS, Zhu H, Wen Z, Lu W, Jiang W. Intensity level and cardiorespiratory responses to Baduanjin exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:3782-3791. [PMID: 32902179 PMCID: PMC7754768 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Baduanjin (eight silken movements), a traditional Chinese exercise, is an alternative to the most common cardiac rehabilitation programmes due to their scarcity and unaffordability in China. The aim of this study was to measure the intensity and energy expenditure during Baduanjin and to determine the relative oxygen consumption (VO2 ) and heart rate (HR) responses of Baduanjin compared with maximal capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty participants (age: 65 ± 10 years, male: n = 17) with New York Heart Association II-III volunteered for this study. Participants were examined during two separate sessions, with 1-2 weeks between sessions. During session one, a symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on a cycle ergometer for measurement of maximal exercise capacity. Additionally, participants were taught Baduanjin exercise from a professional coach and were required to do it at home until the second session when their technique was confirmed by the coach. During session two, participants performed one 9 min round of Baduanjin with continuous measurement of VO2 and HR. Measurements obtained during the Baduanjin were compared with data obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. While performing Baduanjin, the mean VO2 and HR were 7.1 ± 1.2 mL/kg/min and 86.1 ± 15.2 b.p.m., respectively. Compared with the cardiopulmonary exercise test, the VO2 was 44% of their VO2max and 67% of their HRmax , categorizing Baduanjin as a moderate-intensity exercise. The average energy expenditure during Baduanjin was 23.3 ± 4.4 kcal. Additionally, the VO2 and HR responses during Baduanjin both exhibited a bimodal pattern. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Baduanjin is a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise that could be an effective and safe exercise modality for home-based cardiac rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankun Chen
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and PolicyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Key Unit of Methodology in Clinical ResearchGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Gaetano Marrone
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and PolicyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Thomas P. Olson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineMayo Clinic and FoundationRochesterMNUSA
| | - Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and PolicyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Huiying Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of CardiologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Zehuai Wen
- Key Unit of Methodology in Clinical ResearchGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- National Centre for Design Measurement and Evaluation in Clinical ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Weihui Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of CardiologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Heart Failure Center/Department of CardiologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of CardiologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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Dos Santos GC, Queiroz JDN, Reischak-Oliveira Á, Rodrigues-Krause J. Effects of dancing on physical activity levels of children and adolescents: a systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2020; 56:102586. [PMID: 33197661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dancing has been suggested to increase the levels of physical activity of the youth. However, it is not clear what are the physiological characteristics of the dance classes for young people, mainly regarding the levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during classes. It is also unclear if regular engagement in dance practices can contribute with increases in the amounts of daily/weekly MVPA, recommended by health organizations. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review verifying the amount of time spent at MVPA (primary outcome), by children and adolescents in the following situations: i) During dance classes, and ii) Before and after dance interventions. Secondary outcomes included: markers of exercise intensity during class, such as oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR); VO2peak and lipid profile before and after dance interventions. METHODS Six data sources were accessed (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Wiley, PEDRO and SCOPUS). Study selection included different designs (acute, cohort, randomized controlled trials and others). Participants were from 6 to 19 years old, regularly engaged in dance practices. Methodological quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Two independent reviewers extracted characteristics and results of each study. RESULTS 3216 articles were retrieved, and 37 included. Studies indicated that dance classes do not achieve 50% of total class time at MVPA. However, there are peaks of HR and VO2 during dance classes, which reach moderate and vigorous intensities. MVPA/daily/weekly did not improve before and after dance interventions for most of the studies, also VO2peak did not. The few results on lipid profile showed improvements only in overweight and obese participants. LIMITATIONS Lack of meta-analysis, because there were not enough articles to be analyzed on any given outcome of interest, neither under the same study design. CONCLUSIONS Results of individual studies indicated that dance classes did not active 50% of the total time at MVPA levels. This may be related to the absence of improvements in daily/weekly MVPA before and after dance interventions. VO2 and HR attained peaks of moderateto vigorous intensity during dance classes, suggesting that the structure of the classes may be manipulated to maintain longer periods at MVPA levels. Lack of data on cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic outcomes limit conclusions on these parameters. IMPLICATIONS OF KEYS FINDS Considering there are peaks of HR and VO2 during dance classes, we suggest that the structure of a dance class can be manipulate in order to induce cardiorespiratory and metabolic adaptations. Thus, dancing is a potential strategy to contribute with a healthy life style since the earliest ages. Prospero registration: CRD42020144609.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cristina Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica do Nascimento Queiroz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Reischak-Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Josianne Rodrigues-Krause
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Lyu S, Zhang J, Nie J, Li C, Gao T, Yuan W, Chen Z, Ma J. Comparative study of physiologic characteristics between the newly compiled Bafa Wubu of tai chi and 24 form simplified tai chi. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020; 12:43. [PMID: 32760589 PMCID: PMC7391605 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-020-00192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The newly compiled Bafa Wubu of Tai Chi (Eight Methods and Five Footworks) is a fitness routine that has been developed in accordance with the appeal of the General Administration of Sport of China and promoted both in China and abroad. This paper aims to compare the differences in energy consumption and related parameters between the two types of Tai Chi. Methods A total of 60 healthy participants were recruited; 37 males (aged 37.4 ± 10.4 years) and 23 females (aged 31.9 ± 12.8 years). The maximal exercise capacity of participants was measured at baseline. Then, they received Tai Chi training for 12-week and their energy metabolism was measured dynamically. Results A set of the Bafa Wubu of Tai Chi requires approximately 3 min, while a set of 24 form simplified Tai Chi approximately 5 min and 40 s. The average oxygen uptake/kg (VO2/kg, 10.8 ± 2.52 ml/kg/min vs. 12.9 ± 2.59 ml/kg/min, P = 0.000), the highest VO2/kg (19.3 ± 6.03 ml/kg/min vs. 24.1 ± 7.50 ml/kg/min, p = 0.000, the average metabolic equivalent (METs,2.3 ± 0.16 METs vs. 3.2 ± 0.14 METs, p = 0.000), the highest oxygen pulse (VO2/HR, 11.1 ± 0.99 ml vs. 13.9 ± 0.93 ml, p = 0.000) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE, 10.7 ± 0.70 vs. 1.3 ± 0.62, p = 0.000) gained immediately after Bafa Wubu of Tai Chi exercise were significantly lower than those in 24 form simplified Tai Chi; heart rate recovery (HRR,1.5 ± 0.41 vs. 1.3 ± 0.45, p = 0.008) at 1 min after the practice was significantly higher than after the 24 form simplified Tai Chi. Meanwhile, the average heart rate (HR, 104.1 ± 11.41 bpm vs. 105.7 ± 9.68 bpm, p = 0.696) and the highest respiratory quotient (RQ, 1.0 ± 0.06 vs. 0.9 ± 0.09, p = 0.643) were not significantly different. The intensity of Tai Chi was described as the highest oxygen uptake of the participants when they performed the Tai Chi divided by their individual maximal oxygen uptake. Tai Chi intensity during Bafa Wubu of Tai Chi (50% ± 11.7% vs. 64% ± 12.5%) was significantly lower than during 24 form simplified Tai Chi. Conclusion The newly compiled Bafa Wubu of Tai Chi is characterized by lower energy consumption than 24 form simplified Tai Chi. Trial registration Ethics Committee of Sports Science Experiment, Beijing Sport University- 2018010H. Registered 19 June 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Lyu
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Jianquan Nie
- Party Office, The Central Institute of Ethnic Administrators, Beijing, 100094 China
| | - Cuihan Li
- College of Wushu, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Tianming Gao
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Wen Yuan
- College of Wushu, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Zaihao Chen
- College of Wushu, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Libration Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 China
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Cao RY, Zheng H, Hong Y, Zheng Y, Ding Y, Zhao L, Li H, Li Q, Yuan W, Liu S, Wang L, Yang J. Cardiac Rehabilitation with Targeted Intensity Improves Cardiopulmonary Functions Accompanying with Reduced Copeptin Level in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 14:317-26. [PMID: 32613311 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-10055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) plays an important role in cardiovascular disease prevention. Understanding the key component of CR such as training intensity and biomarkers reflecting cardiopulmonary functions may help to better target the rehabilitation program. Thirty-four consecutive patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention participated in the CR program. The difference between intervention group and control group was mainly the training intensity. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and blood biomarker measurements were performed before and after CR. The results demonstrated that it was safe and feasible to perform CR, while sufficient training intensity was required to significantly ameliorate CPET parameters. Among numerous biomarkers tested, vasopressin surrogate marker copeptin (CPP) improved significantly after CR. Moreover, improved CPP was correlated with exercise intensity and peak oxygen uptake, two most important indicators of cardiopulmonary exercise capacities. Therefore, CR may have a novel role in maintaining plasma osmolality and cardiovascular homeostasis. Graphical Abstract Cardiac rehabilitation training improves cardiopulmonary exercise parameters El and PVO2 which are correlated with reduced CPP level. CPP, copeptin; El, exercise intensity; POV2, peak oxygen uptake.
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Ligeza TS, Maciejczyk M, Wyczesany M, Wagner H, Roesmann K, Junghofer M. Acute aerobic exercise enhances pleasant compared to unpleasant visual scene processing. Brain Cogn 2020; 143:105595. [PMID: 32544794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although acute aerobic exercise benefits different aspects of emotional functioning, it is unclear how exercise influences the processing of emotional stimuli and which brain mechanisms support this relationship. We assessed the influence of acute aerobic exercise on valence biases (preferential processing of negative/positive pictures) by performing source reconstructions of participants' brain activity after they viewed emotional scenes. Twenty-four healthy participants (12 women) were tested in a randomized and counterbalanced design that consisted of three experimental protocols, each lasting 30 min: low-intensity exercise (Low-Int); moderate-intensity exercise (Mod-Int); and a seated rest condition (REST). After each of the protocols, participants viewed negative and positive pictures, during which event-related magnetic fields were recorded. Analyses revealed that exercise strongly impacted the valence processing of emotional scenes within a widely distributed left hemispheric spatio-temporal cluster between 190 and 310 ms after picture onset. Brain activity in this cluster showed that a negativity bias at REST (negative > positive picture processing) diminished after the Low-Int condition (positive = negative) and even reversed to a positivity bias after the Mod-Int condition (positive > negative). Thus, acute aerobic exercise of low and moderate intensities induces a positivity bias which is reflected in early, automatic processes.
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Carlin de Ramos do Espírito Santo B, Garcias L, Bertoli J, Kulevicz da Silva AC, Freitas CDLR. Acute effects of mat Pilates session on heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 24:104-108. [PMID: 32507133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effects of Heart Rate (HR) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) for 21 of 34 original Mat Pilates (MP) exercises, to estimate maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and energy expenditure (EE) of a MP session. METHODS Ten participants volunteered (26.30 ± 3.98 yrs) to measure the intensity of each exercise; HR and RPE were monitored immediately after the end of each exercise. VO2maxwas estimated using the Astrand-Ryhming step submaximal test, and EE by a linear regression equation. HR and RPE mean values and standard deviations were calculated for each exercise. RESULTS The maximum value for each participant normalized the EE and VO2max values, which were ranked from highest to lowest. The percentage of the mean values of HRmax and RPEmax in each exercise showed significant, strong and positive correlation (p = 0.82; p = 0.001). In 10 exercises, HR was 60% higher than HRmax. The mean values of EE and VO2max were 213.71 ± (76.41) Kcal and 34.69 ml (Kg.min)-1 (±3.5), respectively, for the entire MP session. Half of the exercises achieved moderate intensity in HR with low estimated VO2max during the whole MP session. However, if the MP session of this study was practiced five times per week, it would meet the weekly American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) EE recommendations. CONCLUSION The 21 MP exercises monitored in this study promote considerably acute and high increments in HR and RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leandro Garcias
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bertoli
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Centro de Estudo e Laboratório de Avaliação e Prescrição de Atividade Motora, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
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46
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Wu Y, Deng F, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhou W, Qu L, Cheng M. Intensity-dependent effects of consecutive treadmill exercise on spatial learning and memory through the p-CREB/BDNF/NMDAR signaling in hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2020; 386:112599. [PMID: 32184158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is the most recommended non-pharmacological intervention to improve neurocognitive functions under physiological and pathological conditions. However, it remains to be elucidated concerning the influence and the underlying neurological molecular mechanism of different exercise intensity on cognitive function. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of exercise intensity on spatial learning and memory, as well as the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/p-CREB/NMDAR signal. In the research, low-intensity consecutive treadmill (LICT) and high-intensity consecutive treadmill (HICT) were implied to rats for 8 weeks. We found that the performances in the Morris water maze were improved in the LICT group, while reduced in the HICT group as compared with the sedentary rats. Moreover, the expression of BDNF mRNA, phosphorylation cAMP-response-element binding protein (p-CREB), mature BDNF (mBDNF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), and NR2B proteins was increased, whereas the expression of precursor BDNF (proBDNF) and pan-neurotrophin receptor 75 (p75NTR) proteins was decreased in the hippocampus of LICT group compared with the sedentary rats. On the contrary, the expression of proteins and mRNA aforementioned in the LICT group showed a reversed tendency in the hippocampus of HICT rats. These findings suggest that the consecutive low-intensity exercise and high-intensity exercise exert different effects on spatial learning and memory by oppositely regulating the mutual stimulation of p-CREB and BDNF mRNA feedback loop, as well as the t-PA/BDNF/NMDAR which is the post-translation cascades of BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wu
- College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, 264003 Yantai, China
| | - Fangfang Deng
- Institute of Health and Disease Management, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, 264003 Yantai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Huanghe Road 661, 256603 Binzhou, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Institute of Health and Disease Management, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, 264003 Yantai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Health and Disease Management, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, 264003 Yantai, China
| | - Lei Qu
- College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, 264003 Yantai, China
| | - Mei Cheng
- Institute of Health and Disease Management, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, 264003 Yantai, China.
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Song MK, Kim EJ, Kim JK, Lee SG. Effects of exercise timing and intensity on neuroplasticity in a rat model of cerebral infarction. Brain Res Bull 2020; 160:50-5. [PMID: 32305405 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exercise therapy plays key roles in functional improvements during neurorehabilitation. However, it may be difficult for some people to properly perform exercise because mobility and endurance might be restricted by neurological deficits due to stroke. Additionally, there is little evidence detailing the biological mechanisms underlying the most effective swimming exercise protocols for neuroplasticity after stroke. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of swimming exercise on neuroplasticity in a cerebral infarction rat model according to the timing and intensity of exercise. A total of 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats (300 ± 50 g, 10 weeks old) were subjected to photothrombotic cerebral infarction and randomly divided into five groups: non-exercise (group A, n = 9); early submaximal (group B, n = 9); early maximal (group C, n = 9); late submaximal (group D, n = 9); and late maximal (group E, n = 9). Swimming exercise was performed five times a week for 4 weeks, and cognition was evaluated with the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Assessments of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and immunohistochemical analyses of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were conducted in the ipsilesional hippocampus region. After 4 weeks of exercise, the escape latency was shorter and velocity was greater in group B than in groups A, C, D, and E (p = 0.046, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, SOD activity was higher and MDA levels were lower in group B than in groups A, C, D, and E (p = 0.004, p = 0.019). The immunohistochemistry results revealed that the greatest BDNF immunoreactivity was in group B. Taken together, these results indicate that early submaximal swimming exercise may be the most effective protocol for the recovery of neurological deficits in a rat model of cerebral infarction.
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Ichikawa Y, Maeda T, Takahashi T, Ashikaga K, Tanaka S, Sumi Y, Itoh H. Changes in oxygen uptake kinetics after exercise caused by differences in loading pattern and exercise intensity. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:1109-1117. [PMID: 32212319 PMCID: PMC7261565 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The kinetics of recovery-period oxygen uptake (VO2 ) are affected by the O2 deficit generated during exercise. However, studies using ramp tests (RTs) and constant work rate tests (CT) have differently characterized VO2 responses to increased exercise intensity differently. We used these two types of loading patterns to investigate the effects of low-intensity, medium-intensity, and high-intensity exercises on the half time (T1/2 ) of recovery-period VO2 and the mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten healthy men aged 21.2 ± 0.9 years underwent symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise tests with the ramp protocol to determine their anaerobic threshold. All subjects subsequently underwent three submaximal RT and CT at low, moderate, and high intensities. In all RTs, subjects began exercise by warming up (20 W). In CT, T1/2 was significantly lengthened as exercise intensity increased (CT-low: 34.0 ± 3.9 s, CT-moderate: 39.5 ± 3.5 s, CT-high:44.6 ± 4.2 s; P < 0.01, ANOVA), whereas no significant change was observed in RT, which began with the same work rate (RT-low: 46.0 ± 5.7 s, RT-moderate: 45.7 ± 4.8 s, RT-high: 44.6 ± 3.5 s, RT-max: 44.8 ± 3.2 s; P = 0.868, ANOVA). Only high-intensity exercise resulted in two components (the fast and slow components) of VO2 decay, reflecting the increased O2 deficit by anaerobic metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The exercise intensity at the beginning of an exercise affects early recovery-period VO2 , which is a fast component. The T1/2 of recovery-period VO2 occurs during the fast component, and an increase in O2 deficit affects both the fast and slow components, lengthening the T1/2 . The T1/2 of recovery-period VO2 in CT at moderate or high intensities, even if not symptom limited, can be used to evaluate exercise intolerance and early occurrence of anaerobic metabolism. Submaximal exercise tests may be considered as convenient methods for evaluating exercise tolerance in patients with cardiac failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Ichikawa
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Science, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Biofunctional Informatics, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Maeda
- Clinical Laboratory, Sakakibara Heart Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ashikaga
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Mariana University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiori Tanaka
- Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute, 3-16-1 Asahi-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-0003, Japan
| | - Yuki Sumi
- Biofunctional Informatics, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Itoh
- Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute, 3-16-1 Asahi-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-0003, Japan
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Sanders LMJ, Hortobágyi T, Karssemeijer EGA, Van der Zee EA, Scherder EJA, van Heuvelen MJG. Effects of low- and high-intensity physical exercise on physical and cognitive function in older persons with dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:28. [PMID: 32192537 PMCID: PMC7082953 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential moderators such as exercise intensity or apolipoprotein-E4 (ApoE4) carriership may determine the magnitude of exercise effects on physical and cognitive functions in patients with dementia (PwD). We determined the effects of a 24-week aerobic and strength training program with a low- and high-intensity phase on physical and cognitive function. METHODS In an assessor-blinded randomized trial, 91 PwD (all-cause dementia, recruited from daycare and residential care facilities, age 82.3 ± 7.0 years, 59 women, Mini-Mental State Examination 20.2 ± 4.4) were allocated to the exercise or control group. In the exercise group, PwD participated in a walking and lower limb strength training program with 12 weeks low- and 12 weeks high-intensity training offered three times/week. Attention-matched control participants performed flexibility exercises and recreational activities. We assessed adherence, compliance, and exercise intensity for each session. We assessed physical (endurance, gait speed, mobility, balance, leg strength) and cognitive (verbal memory, visual memory, executive function, inhibitory control, psychomotor speed) functions with performance-based tests at baseline and after 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 weeks (follow-up). ApoE4 carriership was determined post-intervention. RESULTS Sixty-nine PwD were analyzed. Their mean attendance was ~ 60% during the study period. There were no significant effects of the exercise vs. control intervention on endurance, mobility, balance, and leg strength in favor of the exercise group (Cohen's d = 0.13-0.18). Gait speed significantly improved with ~ 0.05 m/s after the high-intensity phase for exercise participants (Cohen's d = 0.41) but declined at follow-up. There were no significant effects of the exercise vs. control intervention on any of the cognitive measures (Cohen's d ~ - 0.04). ApoE4 carriership did not significantly moderate exercise effects on physical or cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Exercise was superior to control activities for gait speed in our sample of PwD. However, the training effect provided no protection for mobility loss after detraining (follow-up). There were no beneficial effects of the exercise vs. control group on cognitive function. Exercise intensity moderated the effects of exercise on gait speed. ApoE4 carriership moderated the effect of exercise on global cognition only (trend level). TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register, NTR5035. Registered on 2 March 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. J. Sanders
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T. Hortobágyi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E. G. A. Karssemeijer
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E. A. Van der Zee
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E. J. A. Scherder
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. J. G. van Heuvelen
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Shahroodi A, Mohammadi F, Vafaei AA, Miladi-Gorji H, Bandegi AR, Rashidy-Pour A. Impact of different intensities of forced exercise on deficits of spatial and aversive memory, anxiety-like behavior, and hippocampal BDNF during morphine abstinence period in male rats. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:135-147. [PMID: 31773433 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Forced exercise can alleviate cognitive-behavioral deficits in an experimental model of addiction. However, the effects of different intensities of forced exercise in improving behavioral, cognitive and biochemical deficits during morphine abstinence period are not well investigated. Thus, the current work examined the effects of different loads of forced exercise on cognition functions, anxiety behavior and BDNF changes in the hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and also serum levels of BDNF and corticosterone during the abstinent period in male rats. Animals received morphine injections (10 mg/kg, twice a day) for 10 consecutive days. Then, the animals were exposed to a 4-week forced exercise training program under low, moderate or high intensities (30 min per session on 5 days a week), which accompanied by behavioral and biochemical tests. In Experiment 1, anxiety-like behaviors using elevated plus maze (EPM), and light/dark box (L/D box) were examined. In Experiment 2, cognitive functions using T-maze alteration and passive avoidance tasks were tested, which accompanied by BDNF measurements in the hippocampus and PFC. In Experiment 3, serum levels of BDNF and corticosterone following the termination of forced exercise regimen were measured. Morphine-abstinent animals exhibited anxiogenic -like behaviors in the EPM, but not L/D box. They also exhibited impaired T-maze alternation performance and passive avoidance memory, and a decline in hippocampal BDNF, but not PFC. Forced exercise at a moderate intensity alleviated anxiety, cognitive and BDNF defects in morphine-abstinent animals. The high load exercise enhanced serum levels of corticosterone in both saline and morphine groups. Thus, regular moderate forced exercise may be beneficial in preserving cognitive and mood functions in male addicts during the abstinent period and drug rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Shahroodi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 15131-38111, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 15131-38111, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 15131-38111, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Miladi-Gorji
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 15131-38111, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 15131-38111, Iran
- Laboratory of Endocrine Research, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 15131-38111, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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