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Peng Y, Zhang P, Mei W, Zeng C. Exploring FGFR signaling inhibition as a promising approach in breast cancer treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131524. [PMID: 38608977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
As our grasp of cancer genomics deepens, we are steadily progressing towards the domain of precision medicine, where targeted therapy stands out as a revolutionary breakthrough in the landscape of cancer therapeutics. The fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) pathway has been unveiled as a fundamental instigator in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying breast carcinoma, paving the way for the exhilarating development of precision-targeted therapeutics. In the pursuit of exploring inhibitors that specifically target the FGFR signaling pathways, a multitude of kinase inhibitors targeting FGFR has been assiduously engineered to address the heterogeneous landscape of human malignancies. This review offers an exhaustive exploration of aberrations within the FGFR pathway and their functional implications in breast cancer. Additionally, we delve into cutting-edge therapeutic approaches for the treatment of breast cancer patients bearing FGFR alterations and the management of toxicity associated with FGFR inhibitors. Furthermore, our contemplation of the evolution of cutting-edge FGFR inhibitors foresees their potential to spearhead innovative therapeutic approaches in the ongoing combat against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Wuxuan Mei
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China; Department of General Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China.
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Karl K, Del Piccolo N, Light T, Roy T, Deduja P, Ursachi VC, Fafilek B, Krejci P, Hristova K. Ligand bias underlies differential signaling of multiple FGFs via FGFR1. eLife 2024; 12:RP88144. [PMID: 38568193 PMCID: PMC10990489 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The differential signaling of multiple FGF ligands through a single fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor (FGFR) plays an important role in embryonic development. Here, we use quantitative biophysical tools to uncover the mechanism behind differences in FGFR1c signaling in response to FGF4, FGF8, and FGF9, a process which is relevant for limb bud outgrowth. We find that FGF8 preferentially induces FRS2 phosphorylation and extracellular matrix loss, while FGF4 and FGF9 preferentially induce FGFR1c phosphorylation and cell growth arrest. Thus, we demonstrate that FGF8 is a biased FGFR1c ligand, as compared to FGF4 and FGF9. Förster resonance energy transfer experiments reveal a correlation between biased signaling and the conformation of the FGFR1c transmembrane domain dimer. Our findings expand the mechanistic understanding of FGF signaling during development and bring the poorly understood concept of receptor tyrosine kinase ligand bias into the spotlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Karl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Nuala Del Piccolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Taylor Light
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Tanaya Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Pooja Deduja
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CASBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Vlad-Constantin Ursachi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Bohumil Fafilek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CASBrnoCzech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CASBrnoCzech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
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Jain NK, Tailang M, Thangavel N, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Najmi A, Alhazmi HA, Zoghebi K, Alagusundaram M, Jain HK, Chandrasekaran B. A comprehensive overview of selective and novel fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors as a potential anticancer modality. Acta Pharm 2024; 74:1-36. [PMID: 38554385 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2024-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The arrival of comprehensive genome sequencing has accelerated the understanding of genetically aberrant advanced cancers and target identification for possible cancer treatment. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene alterations are frequent findings in various rare and advanced cancers refractive to mainstay chemo-therapy or surgical interventions. Several FGFR inhibitors have been developed for addressing these genetically altered FGFR-harboring malignancies, and some have performed well in clinical trials. In contrast, others are still being investigated in different phases of clinical trials. FDA has approved four anticancer agents such as erdafitinib, pemigatinib, infigratinib, and futibatinib, for clinical use in oncogenic FGFR-driven malignancies. These include cholangiocarcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and myeloid/lymphoid malignancies. Pemigatinib is the only FGFR inhibitor globally approved (USA, EU, and Japan) and available as a targeted therapy for two types of cancer, including FGFR2 fusion or other rearrangements harboring cholangiocarcinoma and relapsed/refractory myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with FGFR1 rearrangements. Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm is the latest area of application added to the therapeutic armamentarium of FGFR inhibitors. Furthermore, futibatinib is the first-in-class covalent or irreversible pan-FGFR inhibitor that has received FDA approval for locally advanced or metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma harboring FGFR2 gene aberrations. This review highlights the current clinical progress concerning the safety and efficacy of all the approved FGFR-TKIs (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and their ongoing investigations in clinical trials for other oncogenic FGFR-driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nem Kumar Jain
- School of Pharmacy, ITM University Gwalior 474001, Madhya Pradesh, India
- School of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji University Gwalior 474001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mukul Tailang
- School of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji University Gwalior 474001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neelaveni Thangavel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Ahmad Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hemant Kumar Jain
- Department of General Medicine Government Medical College Datia 475661, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Cimadamore A, Franzese C, Di Loreto C, Blanca A, Lopez-Beltran A, Crestani A, Giannarini G, Tan PH, Carneiro BA, El-Deiry WS, Montironi R, Cheng L. Predictive and prognostic biomarkers in urological tumours. Pathology 2024; 56:228-238. [PMID: 38199927 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in cutting-edge molecular profiling techniques, such as next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic analytic tools, have allowed researchers to examine tumour biology in detail and stratify patients based on factors linked with clinical outcome and response to therapy. This manuscript highlights the most relevant prognostic and predictive biomarkers in kidney, bladder, prostate and testicular cancers with recognised impact in clinical practice. In bladder and prostate cancer, new genetic acquisitions concerning the biology of tumours have modified the therapeutic scenario and led to the approval of target directed therapies, increasing the quality of patient care. Thus, it has become of paramount importance to choose adequate molecular tests, i.e., FGFR screening for urothelial cancer and BRCA1-2 alterations for prostate cancer, to guide the treatment plan for patients. While no tissue or blood-based biomarkers are currently used in routine clinical practice for renal cell carcinoma and testicular cancers, the field is quickly expanding. In kidney tumours, gene expression signatures might be the key to identify patients who will respond better to immunotherapy or anti-angiogenic drugs. In testicular germ cell tumours, the use of microRNA has outperformed conventional serum biomarkers in the diagnosis of primary tumours, prediction of chemoresistance, follow-up monitoring, and relapse prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cimadamore
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Medicine (DAME), Udine University, Udine, Italy.
| | - Carmine Franzese
- Department of Urology, Ospedale Santa Maria Della Misericordia di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Medicine (DAME), Udine University, Udine, Italy
| | - Ana Blanca
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Reina Sofia, UCO, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Alessandro Crestani
- Department of Urology, Ospedale Santa Maria Della Misericordia di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giannarini
- Department of Urology, Ospedale Santa Maria Della Misericordia di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Benedito A Carneiro
- The Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Lifespan Academic Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- The Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Lifespan Academic Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Molecular Medicine and Cell Therapy Foundation, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- The Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Lifespan Academic Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.
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Cheng YS, Taniguchi Y, Yunoki Y, Masai S, Nogi M, Doi H, Sekiguchi K, Nakagawa M. Simultaneous binding of bFGF to both FGFR and integrin maintains properties of primed human induced pluripotent stem cells. Regen Ther 2024; 25:113-127. [PMID: 38226057 PMCID: PMC10788407 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF2) and integrin α6β1 are important for maintaining the pluripotency of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Although bFGF-integrin binding contributes to biofunctions in cancer cells, the relationship in hPSCs remains unclear. Methods To investigate the relationship between bFGF and integrin in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we generated recombinant human bFGF wild-type and mutant proteins, that do not bind to integrin, FGFR, or both. We then cultured hiPSCs with these recombinant bFGF proteins. To evaluate the abilities of recombinant bFGF proteins in maintaining hPSC properties, pluripotent markers, ERK activity, and focal adhesion structure were analyzed through flow cytometry, immunofluorescence (IF), and immunoblotting (IB). Result We identified an interaction between bFGF and integrin α6β1 in vitro and in hiPSCs. The integrin non-binding mutant was incapable of inducing the hPSC properties, such as proliferation, ERK activity, and large focal adhesions at the edges of hiPSC colonies. Signaling induced by bFGF-FGFR binding was essential during the first 24 h after cell seeding for maintaining the properties of hPSCs, followed by a shift towards intracellular signaling via the bFGF-integrin interaction. The mixture of the two bFGF mutants also failed to maintain hPSC properties, indicating that bFGF binds to both FGFR and integrin. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that the integrin-bFGF-FGFR ternary complex maintains the properties of hPSCs via intracellular signaling, providing insights into the functional crosstalk between bFGF and integrins in hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shen Cheng
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukimasa Taniguchi
- Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yunoki
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satomi Masai
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nogi
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hatsuki Doi
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Nakagawa
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Piotrowska A, Nowak JI, Wierzbicka JM, Domżalski P, Górska-Arcisz M, Sądej R, Popiel D, Wieczorek M, Żmijewski MA. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors Decrease Proliferation of Melanoma Cell Lines and Their Activity Is Modulated by Vitamin D. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2505. [PMID: 38473753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the unprecedented progress in malignant melanoma treatment strategies and clinical outcomes of patients during the last twelve years, this skin cancer remains the most lethal one. We have previously documented that vitamin D and its low-calcaemic analogues enhance the anticancer activity of drugs including a classic chemotherapeutic-dacarbazine-and an antiangiogenic VEGFRs inhibitor-cediranib. In this study, we explored the response of A375 and RPMI7951 melanoma lines to CPL304110 (CPL110), a novel selective inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), and compared its efficacy with that of AZD4547, the first-generation FGFRs selective inhibitor. We also tested whether 1,25(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D, modulates the response of the cells to these drugs. CPL304110 efficiently decreased the viability of melanoma cells in both A375 and RPMI7951 cell lines, with the IC50 value below 1 µM. However, the metastatic RPMI7951 melanoma cells were less sensitive to the tested drug than A375 cells, isolated from primary tumour site. Both tested FGFR inhibitors triggered G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in A375 melanoma cells and increased apoptotic/necrotic SubG1 fraction in RPMI7951 melanoma cells. 1,25(OH)2D3 modulated the efficacy of CPL304110, by decreasing the IC50 value by more than 4-fold in A375 cell line, but not in RPMI7951 cells. Further analysis revealed that both inhibitors impact vitamin D signalling to some extent, and this effect is cell line-specific. On the other hand, 1,25(OH)2D3, have an impact on the expression of FGFR receptors and phosphorylation (FGFR-Tyr653/654). Interestingly, 1,25(OH)2D3 and CPL304110 co-treatment resulted in activation of the ERK1/2 pathway in A375 cells. Our results strongly suggested possible crosstalk between vitamin D-activated pathways and activity of FGFR inhibitors, which should be considered in further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piotrowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1a, 80-384 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna I Nowak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1a, 80-384 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna M Wierzbicka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1a, 80-384 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Domżalski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1a, 80-384 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Górska-Arcisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-384 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Sądej
- Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-384 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Delfina Popiel
- Preclinical Development Departament, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-152 Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Maciej Wieczorek
- Preclinical Development Departament, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-152 Kazuń Nowy, Poland
- Clinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-152 Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Michał A Żmijewski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1a, 80-384 Gdańsk, Poland
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Necchi A, Pouessel D, Leibowitz R, Gupta S, Fléchon A, García-Donas J, Bilen MA, Debruyne PR, Milowsky MI, Friedlander T, Maio M, Gilmartin A, Li X, Veronese ML, Loriot Y. Pemigatinib for metastatic or surgically unresectable urothelial carcinoma with FGF/ FGFR genomic alterations: final results from FIGHT-201. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:200-210. [PMID: 37956738 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.10.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) alterations are oncogenic drivers of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Pemigatinib is a selective, oral inhibitor of FGFR1-3 with antitumor activity. We report the efficacy and safety of pemigatinib in the open-label, single-arm, phase II study of previously treated, unresectable or metastatic UC with FGFR3 alterations (FIGHT-201; NCT02872714). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients ≥18 years old with FGFR3 mutations or fusions/rearrangements (cohort A) and other FGF/FGFR alterations (cohort B) were included. Patients received pemigatinib 13.5 mg once daily continuously (CD) or intermittently (ID) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was centrally confirmed objective response rate (ORR) as per RECIST v1.1 in cohort A-CD. Secondary endpoints included ORR in cohorts A-ID and B, duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. RESULTS Overall, 260 patients were enrolled and treated (A-CD, n = 101; A-ID, n = 103; B, n = 44; unconfirmed FGF/FGFR status, n = 12). All discontinued treatment, most commonly due to progressive disease (68.5%). ORR [95% confidence interval (CI)] in cohorts A-CD and A-ID was 17.8% (10.9% to 26.7%) and 23.3% (15.5% to 32.7%), respectively. Among patients with the most common FGFR3 mutation (S249C; n = 107), ORR was similar between cohorts (A-CD, 23.9%; A-ID, 24.6%). In cohorts A-CD/A-ID, median (95% CI) DOR was 6.2 (4.1-8.3)/6.2 (4.6-8.0) months, PFS was 4.0 (3.5-4.2)/4.3 (3.9-6.1) months, and OS was 6.8 (5.3-9.1)/8.9 (7.5-15.2) months. Pemigatinib had limited clinical activity among patients in cohort B. Of 36 patients with samples available at progression, 6 patients had 8 acquired FGFR3 secondary resistance mutations (V555M/L, n = 3; V553M, n = 1; N540K/S, n = 2; M528I, n = 2). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events overall were diarrhea (44.6%) and alopecia, stomatitis, and hyperphosphatemia (42.7% each). CONCLUSIONS Pemigatinib was generally well tolerated and demonstrated clinical activity in previously treated, unresectable or metastatic UC with FGFR3 mutations or fusions/rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Necchi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - D Pouessel
- Institut Claudius Regaud-IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - R Leibowitz
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - S Gupta
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | | | - M A Bilen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - P R Debruyne
- Kortrijk Cancer Centre, General Hospital Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium; Medical Technology Research Centre (MTRC), School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - M I Milowsky
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill
| | - T Friedlander
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - M Maio
- University of Siena and Center for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | | | - X Li
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, USA
| | - M L Veronese
- Incyte International Biosciences Sàrl, Morges, Switzerland
| | - Y Loriot
- Gustave Roussy, DITEP, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM 981, Villejuif, France.
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Popiel D, Stańczak A, Skupińska M, Mikołajczyk A, Stańczak P, Mituła F, Hucz-Kalitowska J, Jastrzębska K, Smuga D, Dominowski J, Delis M, Mulewski K, Pietruś W, Zdżalik-Bielecka D, Dzwonek K, Lamparska-Przybysz M, Yamani A, Olejkowska P, Piórkowska N, Dubiel K, Wieczorek M, Pieczykolan J. Preclinical characterization of CPL304110 as a potent and selective inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptors 1, 2, and 3 for gastric, bladder, and squamous cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1293728. [PMID: 38282676 PMCID: PMC10811212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1293728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases expressed on a plethora of cell membranes. They play crucial roles in both embryonic development and adult tissue functions. There is an increasing amount of evidence that FGFR-mediated oncogenesis is mainly related to gene amplification, activating mutations, or translocation in tumors of various histological types. Dysregulation of FGFRs has been implicated in a wide variety of neoplasms, such as bladder, gastric, and lung cancers. Given their functional significance, FGFRs emerge as promising targets for cancer therapy. Here, we introduce CPL304100, an innovative and highly potent FGFR1-3 kinase inhibitor demonstrating excellent in vitro biological activity. Comprehensive analyses encompassed kinase assays, cell line evaluations, PK/PD studies surface plasmon resonance studies, molecular docking, and in vivo testing in mouse xenografts. CPL304110 exhibited a distinctive binding profile to FGFR1/2/3 kinase domains, accompanied by a good safety profile and favorable ADMET parameters. Selective inhibition of tumor cell lines featuring active FGFR signaling was observed, distinguishing it from cell lines lacking FGFR aberrations (FGFR1, 2, and 3). CPL304110 demonstrated efficacy in both FGFR-dependent cell lines and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) in vivo models. Comparative analyses with FDA-approved FGFR inhibitors, erdafitinib and pemigatinib, revealed certain advantages of CPL304110 in both in vitro and in vivo assessments. Encouraging preclinical results led the way for the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial (01FGFR2018; NCT04149691) to further evaluate CPL304110 as a novel anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Popiel
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | | | - Monika Skupińska
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Agata Mikołajczyk
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Paulina Stańczak
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Filip Mituła
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | | | - Kinga Jastrzębska
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Damian Smuga
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Jakub Dominowski
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Monika Delis
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Pietruś
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Dzwonek
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | | | - Abdellah Yamani
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | | | | | - Krzysztof Dubiel
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Maciej Wieczorek
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
- Clinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Jerzy Pieczykolan
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
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Shan KS, Dalal S, Thaw Dar NN, McLish O, Salzberg M, Pico BA. Molecular Targeting of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Pathway across Various Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:849. [PMID: 38255923 PMCID: PMC10815772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases that are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and development. FGFR alterations including amplifications, fusions, rearrangements, and mutations can result in the downstream activation of tyrosine kinases, leading to tumor development. Targeting these FGFR alterations has shown to be effective in treating cholangiocarcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms, and there are currently four FGFR inhibitors approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). There have been developments in multiple agents targeting the FGFR pathway, including selective FGFR inhibitors, ligand traps, monoclonal antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates. However, most of these agents have variable and low responses, with some intolerable toxicities and acquired resistances. This review will summarize previous clinical experiences and current developments in agents targeting the FGFR pathway, and will also discuss future directions for FGFR-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khine S. Shan
- Memorial Health Care, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA; (S.D.); (N.N.T.D.); (O.M.); (M.S.)
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10
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Samad SS, Schwartz JM, Francavilla C. Functional selectivity of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases regulates distinct cellular outputs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1348056. [PMID: 38259512 PMCID: PMC10800419 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1348056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional selectivity refers to the activation of differential signalling and cellular outputs downstream of the same membrane-bound receptor when activated by two or more different ligands. Functional selectivity has been described and extensively studied for G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), leading to specific therapeutic options for dysregulated GPCRs functions. However, studies regarding the functional selectivity of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) remain sparse. Here, we will summarize recent data about RTK functional selectivity focusing on how the nature and the amount of RTK ligands and the crosstalk of RTKs with other membrane proteins regulate the specificity of RTK signalling. In addition, we will discuss how structural changes in RTKs upon ligand binding affects selective signalling pathways. Much remains to be known about the integration of different signals affecting RTK signalling specificity to orchestrate long-term cellular outcomes. Recent advancements in omics, specifically quantitative phosphoproteomics, and in systems biology methods to study, model and integrate different types of large-scale omics data have increased our ability to compare several signals affecting RTK functional selectivity in a global, system-wide fashion. We will discuss how such methods facilitate the exploration of important signalling hubs and enable data-driven predictions aiming at improving the efficacy of therapeutics for diseases like cancer, where redundant RTK signalling pathways often compromise treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakim S. Samad
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Functions, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- Division of Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Functions, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Section of Protein Science and Biotherapeutics, Department of Bioengineering and Biomedicine, Danish Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark
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11
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Catto JWF, Tran B, Rouprêt M, Gschwend JE, Loriot Y, Nishiyama H, Redorta JP, Daneshmand S, Hussain SA, Cutuli HJ, Procopio G, Guadalupi V, Vasdev N, Naini V, Crow L, Triantos S, Baig M, Steinberg G. Erdafitinib in BCG-treated high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:98-106. [PMID: 37871701 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.09.3116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options are limited for patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with disease recurrence after bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment and who are ineligible for/refuse radical cystectomy. FGFR alterations are commonly detected in NMIBC. We evaluated the activity of oral erdafitinib, a selective pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, versus intravesical chemotherapy in patients with high-risk NMIBC and select FGFR3/2 alterations following recurrence after BCG treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients aged ≥18 years with recurrent, BCG-treated, papillary-only high-risk NMIBC (high-grade Ta/T1) and select FGFR alterations refusing or ineligible for radical cystectomy were randomized to 6 mg daily oral erdafitinib or investigator's choice of intravesical chemotherapy (mitomycin C or gemcitabine). The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS). The key secondary endpoint was safety. RESULTS Study enrollment was discontinued due to slow accrual. Seventy-three patients were randomized 2 : 1 to erdafitinib (n = 49) and chemotherapy (n = 24). Median follow-up for RFS was 13.4 months for both groups. Median RFS was not reached for erdafitinib [95% confidence interval (CI) 16.9 months-not estimable] and was 11.6 months (95% CI 6.4-20.1 months) for chemotherapy, with an estimated hazard ratio of 0.28 (95% CI 0.1-0.6; nominal P value = 0.0008). In this population, safety results were generally consistent with known profiles for erdafitinib and chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Erdafitinib prolonged RFS compared with intravesical chemotherapy in patients with papillary-only, high-risk NMIBC harboring FGFR alterations who had disease recurrence after BCG therapy and refused or were ineligible for radical cystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W F Catto
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - B Tran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Rouprêt
- Department of Urology, GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Uro, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - J E Gschwend
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Y Loriot
- Department of Cancer Medicine, INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - H Nishiyama
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - J P Redorta
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Daneshmand
- Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - S A Hussain
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - H J Cutuli
- Uro-oncology and Research Unit, Sirio Libanes Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Procopio
- Oncologia Medica Genitourinaria, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - V Guadalupi
- Oncologia Medica Genitourinaria, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - N Vasdev
- Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire Urological Cancer Centre, Lister Hospital, East and North Herts NHS Trust, Stevenage; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - V Naini
- Janssen Research & Development, San Diego
| | - L Crow
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House
| | - S Triantos
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House
| | - M Baig
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House
| | - G Steinberg
- Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
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12
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Fisher Y, Lacambra MD, Almohsen SS, Chow C, Hornick JL, To KF, Dickson BC. Expanding the spectrum of tyrosine kinase fusions in calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasms: Identification of a novel PDGFRA::USP8 gene fusion. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23197. [PMID: 37642440 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasms represent a distinct, and recently recognized, spectrum of tumors. To date most cases have been reported to be characterized by FN1 gene fusions involving multiple potential tyrosine kinase partners. Following incidental identification of a tumor morphologically corresponding to calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasm, but with a PDGFRA::USP8 gene fusion, we undertook a retrospective review to identify and characterize additional such cases. A total of four tumors were identified. Each was multilobulated and composed of polygonal-epithelioid-stellate cells with a background of chondroid matrix containing distinctive patterns of calcification. Targeted RNA sequencing revealed an identical PDGFRA (exon 22)::USP8 (exon 5) gene fusion in each case. Subsequent immunohistochemical staining confirmed the presence of PDGFRα overexpression. In summary, we report a series of four tumors within the morphologic spectrum of calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasms. In contrast to prior reports, these tumors harbored a novel PDGFRA::USP8 gene fusion, rather than FN1 rearrangement. Our findings expand the molecular diversity of these neoplasms, and suggest they are united through activation of protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Fisher
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maribel D Lacambra
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Shahd S Almohsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chit Chow
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Brendan C Dickson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Dömötör O, Mathuber M, Kowol CR. In vitro biodistribution studies on clinically approved FGFR inhibitors ponatinib, nintedanib, erlotinib and the investigational inhibitor KP2692. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106651. [PMID: 38013124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Binding towards human serum albumin (HSA) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) of three approved fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors ponatinib (PON), nintedanib (NIN) and erdafitinib (ERD), as well as the experimental drug KP2692 was studied by means of spectrofluorometric and UV-visible spectrophotometric methods. Additionally, proton dissociation processes, lipophilicity, and fluorescence properties of these four molecules were investigated in detail. The FGFR inhibitors were predominantly presented in their single protonated form (HL+) at pH 7.4 (at blood pH). At gastric pH (pH 1-2) the protonated forms (+1 - +3) are present, which provide relatively good aqueous solubility of the drugs. All of the four inhibitors are highly or extremely lipophilic at pH 7.4 (logD7.4 ≥ 2.7). At acidic pH 2.0 PON and ERD are rather lipophilic, NIN is amphiphilic, while KP2692 is highly hydrophilic. All four compounds bind to HSA and AGP. Moderate binding of PON, KP2692 and NIN was found towards albumin (logK' = 4.5-4.7), while their affinity for AGP was about one order of magnitude higher (logK' = 5.2-5.7). ERD shows a larger affinity for both proteins (logK'HSA ≈ 5.2, logK'AGP ≈ 7.0). The computed constants were used to model the distribution of the FGFR inhibitors in blood plasma under physiological and pathological (acute phase) conditions. The changing levels of the two proteins under pathological conditions compensate each other for PON and NIN, so that the free drug fractions do not change considerably. In the case of ERD the higher AGP levels distinctly reduce the free available fraction of the drug. Comparison with clinical pharmacokinetic data indicates that the here presented solution distribution studies can very well predict the conditions in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Dömötör
- Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Marlene Mathuber
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Siefker-Radtke AO, Matsubara N, Park SH, Huddart RA, Burgess EF, Özgüroğlu M, Valderrama BP, Laguerre B, Basso U, Triantos S, Akapame S, Kean Y, Deprince K, Mukhopadhyay S, Loriot Y. Erdafitinib versus pembrolizumab in pretreated patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer with select FGFR alterations: cohort 2 of the randomized phase III THOR trial. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:107-117. [PMID: 37871702 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erdafitinib is an oral pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved to treat locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) in patients with susceptible FGFR3/2 alterations (FGFRalt) who progressed after platinum-containing chemotherapy. FGFR-altered tumours are enriched in luminal 1 subtype and may have limited clinical benefit from anti-programmed death-(ligand) 1 [PD-(L)1] treatment. This cohort in the randomized, open-label phase III THOR study assessed erdafitinib versus pembrolizumab in anti-PD-(L)1-naive patients with mUC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients ≥18 years with unresectable advanced/mUC, with select FGFRalt, disease progression on one prior treatment, and who were anti-PD-(L)1-naive were randomized 1 : 1 to receive erdafitinib 8 mg once daily with pharmacodynamically guided uptitration to 9 mg or pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety. RESULTS The intent-to-treat population (median follow-up 33 months) comprised 175 and 176 patients in the erdafitinib and pembrolizumab arms, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in OS between erdafitinib and pembrolizumab [median 10.9 versus 11.1 months, respectively; hazard ratio (HR) 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92-1.51; P = 0.18]. Median PFS for erdafitinib and pembrolizumab was 4.4 and 2.7 months, respectively (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.70-1.10). ORR was 40.0% and 21.6% (relative risk 1.85; 95% CI 1.32-2.59) and median duration of response was 4.3 and 14.4 months for erdafitinib and pembrolizumab, respectively. 64.7% and 50.9% of patients in the erdafitinib and pembrolizumab arms had ≥1 grade 3-4 adverse events (AEs); 5 (2.9%) and 12 (6.9%) patients, respectively, had AEs that led to death. CONCLUSIONS Erdafitinib and pembrolizumab had similar median OS in this anti-PD-(L)1-naive, FGFR-altered mUC population. Outcomes with pembrolizumab were better than assumed and aligned with previous reports in non- FGFR-altered populations. Safety results were consistent with the known profiles for erdafitinib and pembrolizumab in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Siefker-Radtke
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | - N Matsubara
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - S H Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - R A Huddart
- Section of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - E F Burgess
- Medical Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, USA
| | - M Özgüroğlu
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B P Valderrama
- Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - B Laguerre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Eugene Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - U Basso
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - S Triantos
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, USA
| | - S Akapame
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, USA
| | - Y Kean
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, USA
| | - K Deprince
- Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Y Loriot
- Department of Cancer Medicine, INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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15
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Gestrich C, Grieco K, Lidov HG, Baird LC, Fehnel KP, Yeo KK, Meredith DM, Alexandrescu S. H3K27-altered diffuse midline gliomas with MAPK pathway alterations: Prognostic and therapeutic implications. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 83:30-35. [PMID: 38037182 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale sequencing led to the identification of driver molecular alterations such as FGFR1 and BRAF in occasional diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) H3K27-mutant but their significance has not been completely explored. We evaluated these associations in our institutional cohorts. We searched our archives for H3K2M7-mutant gliomas and analyzed the co-occurring genetic alterations. The demographics, clinical information, and pathology were reviewed. Oncoplots and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated with the maftools R package. We identified 81 patients (age range 2-68, median 26), of which 79 (97%) were DMGs, and 2 were glioneuronal tumors. The 2 glioneuronal tumors (1 with BRAF fusion and 1 BRAF-V600E-mutant) were removed from the outcome analysis. Four cases had BRAF V600E mutation, 12 had FGFR1 hotspot mutations, and one each had KRAS and NRAS pathogenic mutations. The most common correlating anatomic location was the brainstem for the BRAF group and thalamus for the FGFR1group. Follow-up ranged from 0 to 78 months, average 20.4 months. The overall survival in FGFR1- and BRAF V600E-mutant DMGs was not statistically improved when compared with those that were wildtype. However, the possibility of targeted therapy argues for comprehensive sequencing of H3K27-altered gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gestrich
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristina Grieco
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hart G Lidov
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lissa C Baird
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie P Fehnel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kee Kiat Yeo
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Meredith
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanda Alexandrescu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Miller EJ, Galsky MD. Precision Medicine in Urothelial Carcinoma: Current Markers to Guide Treatment and Promising Future Directions. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1870-1888. [PMID: 38085403 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The treatment landscape for urothelial cancer has changed dramatically in the last 10 years, with the approval of several new treatments. At the same time, profiling of individual tumors has become more commonplace with widespread availability of molecular testing and immunohistochemistry. For urothelial cancer, this has led to current guidelines recommending that molecular testing be obtained in the metastatic setting, and that it be considered in the setting of locally advanced disease. Between molecular testing and immunohistochemistry testing of tumors, the only current guideline-directed application of these tests is in the identification of FGFR3 or FGFR2 alterations for use of FGFR inhibitors. While additional recurrent molecular alterations linked to the pathogenesis of urothelial cancer have been identified, the ability to successfully "drug" the pathways association with such alterations remains limited. There has been extensive research into whether expression of particular proteins might inform specific treatment approaches such as the use of PD-L1 testing to guide immune checkpoint blockade. With the integration of antibody-drug conjugates into the treatment armamentarium for urothelial cancer, ongoing research is seeking to determine whether expression of the targets of these therapies, such as Nectin 4, Trop-2, or HER2, could help to guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Miller
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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17
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Liu SH, Xiao Z, Smith JC, Quarles LD. Structural asymmetry in FGF23 signaling. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:862-864. [PMID: 37778940 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chen et al. have derived cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of signaling complexes of the endocrine hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) with fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), α-Klotho, and heparin sulfate. These structures are asymmetric, leading to questions concerning in vivo function, and will facilitate structure-based drug design to modulate FGF23 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsien Liu
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - L Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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18
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Lamarca A, Ostios L, McNamara MG, Garzon C, Gleeson JP, Edeline J, Herrero A, Hubner RA, Moreno V, Valle JW. Resistance mechanism to fibroblast growth factor receptor ( FGFR) inhibitors in cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 121:102627. [PMID: 37925878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine is a major achievement that has impacted on management of patients diagnosed with advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) over the last decade. Molecular profiling of CCA has identified targetable alterations, such as fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR-2) fusions, and has thus led to the development of a wide spectrum of compounds. Despite favourable response rates, especially with the latest generation FGFRi, there are still a proportion of patients who will not achieve a radiological response to treatment, or who will have disease progression as the best response. In addition, for patients who do respond to treatment, secondary resistance frequently develops and mechanisms of such resistance are not fully understood. This review will summarise the current state of development of FGFR inhibitors in CCA, their mechanism of action, activity, and the hypothesised mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology - OncoHealth Institute - Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias FJD, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Lorena Ostios
- START-FJD Phase I Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mairéad G McNamara
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Garzon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Infanta Elena University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jack P Gleeson
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Res @UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Julien Edeline
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Ana Herrero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Villalba University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard A Hubner
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Moreno
- START-FJD Phase I Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan W Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Rajendran R, Rajendran V, Böttiger G, Stadelmann C, Shirvanchi K, von Au L, Bhushan S, Wallendszus N, Schunin D, Westbrock V, Liebisch G, Ergün S, Karnati S, Berghoff M. The small molecule fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor infigratinib exerts anti-inflammatory effects and remyelination in a model of multiple sclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2989-3007. [PMID: 37400950 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fibroblast growth factors and receptors (FGFR) have been shown to modulate inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). The selective FGFR inhibitor infigratinib has been shown to be effective in cancer models. Here, we investigate the effects of infigratinib on prevention and suppression of first clinical episodes of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 -induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The FGFR inhibitor infigratinib was given over 10 days from the time of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction or the onset of symptoms. The effects of infigratinib on proliferation, cytotoxicity and FGFR signalling proteins were studied in lymphocyte cell lines and microglial cells. KEY RESULTS Administration of infigratinib prevented by 40% and inhibited by 65% first clinical episodes of the induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In the spinal cord, infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages/microglia, destruction of myelin and axons were reduced by infigratinib. Infigratinib enhanced the maturation of oligodendrocytes and increased remyelination. In addition, infigratinib resulted in an increase of myelin proteins and a decrease in remyelination inhibitors. Further, lipids associated with neurodegeneration such as lysophosphatidylcholine and ceramide were decreased as were proliferation of T cells and microglial cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This proof of concept study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of targeting FGFRs in a disease model of multiple sclerosis. Application of oral infigratinib resulted in anti-inflammatory and remyelinating effects. Thus, infigratinib may have the potential to slow disease progression or even to improve the disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjithkumar Rajendran
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vinothkumar Rajendran
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gregor Böttiger
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kian Shirvanchi
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Laureen von Au
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sudhanshu Bhushan
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Natascha Wallendszus
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Darja Schunin
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Victor Westbrock
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Berghoff
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Cota CD. Investigating cellular dynamics in tunicates. Genesis 2023; 61:e23574. [PMID: 37984368 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
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Pace A, Scirocchi F, Napoletano C, Zizzari IG, Po A, Megiorni F, Asquino A, Pontecorvi P, Rahimi H, Marchese C, Ferretti E, Nuti M, Rughetti A. Targeting FGFRs by pemigatinib induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest, cellular stress and upregulation of tumor suppressor microRNAs. J Transl Med 2023; 21:626. [PMID: 37715207 PMCID: PMC10504800 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene family alterations are found in several cancers, indicating their importance as potential therapeutic targets. The FGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) pemigatinib has been introduced in the treatment of advanced cholangiocarcinoma and more recently for relapsed or refractory myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with FGFR2 and FGFR1 rearrangements, respectively. Several clinical trials are currently investigating the possible combination of pemigatinib with immunotherapy. In this study, we analyzed the biological and molecular effects of pemigatinib on different cancer cell models (lung, bladder, and gastric), which are currently objective of clinical trial investigations. METHODS NCI-H1581 lung, KATO III gastric and RT-112 bladder cancer cell lines were evaluated for FGFR expression by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cell lines were treated with Pem and then characterized for cell proliferation, apoptosis, production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induction of senescence. The expression of microRNAs with tumor suppressor functions was analyzed by qRT-PCR, while modulation of the proteins coded by their target genes was evaluated by Western blot and mRNA. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the various data and student's t test to compare the analysis of two groups. RESULTS Pemigatinib exposure triggered distinct signaling pathways and reduced the proliferative ability of all cancer cells, inducing G1 phase cell cycle arrest and strong intracellular stress resulting in ROS production, senescence and apoptosis. Pemigatinib treatment also caused the upregulation of microRNAs (miR-133b, miR-139, miR-186, miR-195) with tumor suppressor functions, along with the downregulation of validated protein targets with oncogenic roles (c-Myc, c-MET, CDK6, EGFR). CONCLUSIONS These results contribute to clarifying the biological effects and molecular mechanisms mediated by the anti-FGFR TKI pemigatinib in distinct tumor settings and support its exploitation for combined therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Pace
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Scirocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Napoletano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Agnese Po
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Asquino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pontecorvi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Hassan Rahimi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelia Rughetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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22
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Bartos K, Ramakrishnan SK, Braga-Lagache S, Hänzi B, Durussel F, Prakash Sridharan A, Zhu Y, Sheehan D, Hynes NE, Bonny O, Moor MB. Renal FGF23 signaling depends on redox protein Memo1 and promotes orthovanadate-sensitive protein phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activity. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:705-722. [PMID: 36434320 PMCID: PMC10409928 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Memo1 deletion in mice causes premature aging and an unbalanced metabolism partially resembling Fgf23 and Klotho loss-of-function animals. We report a role for Memo's redox function in renal FGF23-Klotho signaling using mice with postnatally induced Memo deficiency in the whole body (cKO). Memo cKO mice showed impaired FGF23-driven renal ERK phosphorylation and transcriptional responses. FGF23 actions involved activation of oxidation-sensitive protein phosphotyrosyl phosphatases in the kidney. Redox proteomics revealed excessive thiols of Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor 1 (Rho-GDI1) in Memo cKO, and we detected a functional interaction between Memo's redox function and oxidation at Rho-GDI1 Cys79. In isolated cellular systems, Rho-GDI1 did not directly affect FGF23-driven cell signaling, but we detected disturbed Rho-GDI1 dependent small Rho-GTPase protein abundance and activity in the kidney of Memo cKO mice. Collectively, this study reveals previously unknown layers in the regulation of renal FGF23 signaling and connects Memo with the network of small Rho-GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Bartos
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Bern University Hospital and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Suresh Krishna Ramakrishnan
- National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Braga-Lagache
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Hänzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Durussel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arjun Prakash Sridharan
- Proteomic Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yao Zhu
- Proteomic Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Sheehan
- Proteomic Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nancy E Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bonny
- National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hôpital Fribourgeois, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Matthias B Moor
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Bern University Hospital and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Yamamiya I, Hunt A, Yamashita F, Sonnichsen D, Muto T, He Y, Benhadji KA. Evaluation of the Mass Balance and Metabolic Profile of Futibatinib in Healthy Participants. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2023; 12:927-939. [PMID: 37300358 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Futibatinib, a selective, irreversible fibroblast growth factor receptor 1-4 inhibitor, was recently approved for FGFR2 rearrangement-positive cholangiocarcinoma. This Phase I study evaluated the mass balance and metabolic profile of 14 C-futibatinib single oral 20-mg dose in healthy participants (n = 6). Futibatinib was rapidly absorbed; median time to peak drug concentration was 1.0 hours. The mean elimination half-life in plasma was 2.3 hours for futibatinib, and 11.9 hours for total radioactivity. Mean recovery of total radioactivity was 70% of the dose, with 64% recovered in feces and 6% in urine. The major excretion route was fecal; negligible levels were excreted as parent futibatinib. Futibatinib was the most abundant plasma component, comprising 59% of circulating radioactivity (CRA). The most abundant metabolites were cysteinylglycine-conjugated futibatinib in plasma (13% CRA) and reduction of desmethyl futibatinib in feces (17% of dose). In human hepatocytes, 14 C-futibatinib metabolites included glucuronide and sulfate of desmethyl futibatinib, whose formation was inhibited by 1-aminobenzotriazole (a pan-cytochrome P450 inhibitor), and glutathione- and cysteine-conjugated futibatinib. These data indicate the primary metabolic pathways of futibatinib are O-desmethylation and glutathione conjugation, with cytochrome P450 enzyme-mediated desmethylation as the main oxidation pathway. 14 C-futibatinib was well tolerated in this Phase 1 study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Yamamiya
- Taiho Oncology, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Daryl Sonnichsen
- Sonnichsen Pharmaceutical Associates, LLC, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | - Yaohua He
- Taiho Oncology, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
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24
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Neureiter D, Ellinghaus P, Ocker M. FGFR inhibitor resistance in cholangiocarcinoma: current understanding and future directions. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1833-1837. [PMID: 37710362 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2259802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Ellinghaus
- Global Clinical Development Oncology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Matthias Ocker
- Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- EO Translational Insights Consulting GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Tacalyx GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Peng M, Li H, Cao H, Huang Y, Yu W, Shen C, Gu J. Dual FGFR and VEGFR inhibition synergistically restrain hexokinase 2-dependent lymphangiogenesis and immune escape in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:908-924. [PMID: 37433897 PMCID: PMC10423168 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapies for cholangiocarcinoma are largely limited and ineffective. Herein, we examined the role of the FGF and VEGF pathways in regulating lymphangiogenesis and PD-L1 expression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). METHODS The lymphangiogenic functions of FGF and VEGF were evaluated in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and iCCA xenograft mouse models. The relationship between VEGF and hexokinase 2 (HK2) was validated in LECs by western blot, immunofluorescence, ChIP and luciferase reporter assays. The efficacy of the combination therapy was assessed in LECs and xenograft models. Microarray analysis was used to evaluate the pathological relationships of FGFR1 and VEGFR3 with HK2 in human lymphatic vessels. RESULTS FGF promoted lymphangiogenesis through c-MYC-dependent modulation of HK2 expression. VEGFC also upregulated HK2 expression. Mechanistically, VEGFC phosphorylated components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis to upregulate HIF-1α expression at the translational level, and HIF-1α then bound to the HK2 promoter region to activate its transcription. More importantly, dual FGFR and VEGFR inhibition with infigratinib and SAR131675 almost completely inhibited lymphangiogenesis, and significantly suppressed iCCA tumor growth and progression by reducing PD-L1 expression in LECs. CONCLUSIONS Dual FGFR and VEGFR inhibition inhibits lymphangiogenesis through suppression of c-MYC-dependent and HIF-1α-mediated HK2 expression, respectively. HK2 downregulation decreased glycolytic activity and further attenuated PD-L1 expression. Our findings suggest that dual FGFR and VEGFR blockade is an effective novel combination strategy to inhibit lymphangiogenesis and improve immunocompetence in iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huan Cao
- Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yamei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiping Yu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanlai Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jinyang Gu
- Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Belgacemi R, Cherry C, El Alam I, Frauenpreis A, Glass I, Bellusci S, Danopoulos S, Al Alam D. Preferential FGF18/ FGFR activity in pseudoglandular versus canalicular stage human lung fibroblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1220002. [PMID: 37701781 PMCID: PMC10493313 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1220002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is necessary for proper lung branching morphogenesis, alveolarization, and vascular development. Dysregulation of FGF activity has been implicated in various lung diseases. Recently, we showed that FGF18 promotes human lung branching morphogenesis by regulating mesenchymal progenitor cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to determine the role of FGF18 and its receptors (FGFR) in regulating mesenchymal cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation from pseudoglandular to canalicular stage. We performed siRNA assays to identify the specific FGFR(s) associated with FGF18-induced biological processes. We found that FGF18 increased proliferation and migration in human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFLF) from both stages. FGFR2/FGFR4 played a significant role in pseudoglandular stage. HFLF proliferation, while FGFR3/FGFR4 were involved in canalicular stage. FGF18 enhanced HFLF migration through FGFR2 and FGFR4 in pseudoglandular and canalicular stage, respectively. Finally, we provide evidence that FGF18 treatment leads to reduced expression of myofibroblast markers (ACTA2 and COL1A1) and increased expression of lipofibroblast markers (ADRP and PPARγ) in both stages HFLF. However, the specific FGF18/FGFR complex involved in this process varies depending on the stage. Our findings suggest that in context of human lung development, FGF18 tends to associate with distinct FGFRs to initiate specific biological processes on mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Belgacemi
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Caroline Cherry
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Imad El Alam
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Frauenpreis
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Ian Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UG-MLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Benjamin DJ, Hsu R. Treatment approaches for FGFR-altered urothelial carcinoma: targeted therapies and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1258388. [PMID: 37675102 PMCID: PMC10477976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma has dramatically changed over the past decade with the approval of several therapies from multiple drug classes including immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, and antibody drug conjugates. Although next generation sequencing of urothelial carcinoma has revealed multiple recurring mutations, only one targeted therapy has been developed and approved to date. Erdafitinib, a pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor, has been approved for treating patients with select FGFR2 and FGFR3 alterations and fusions since 2019. Since then, emerging data has demonstrated efficacy of combining erdafitinib with immunotherapy in treating FGFR-altered urothelial carcinoma. Ongoing trials are evaluating the use of erdafitinib in non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma as well as in combination with enfortumab vedotin in the metastatic setting, while other FGFR targeted agents such as infigratinib, AZD4547, rogaratinib and pemigatinib continue to be in development. Future challenges will include strategies to overcome FGFR acquired resistance and efficacy and safety of combination therapies with erdafitinib and other FGFR targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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28
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Resovi A, Persichitti P, Brunelli L, Minoli L, Borsotti P, Garattini G, Tironi M, Dugnani E, Redegalli M, De Simone G, Pastorelli R, Bani MR, Piemonti L, Mosher DF, Giavazzi R, Taraboletti G, Belotti D. Fibronectin fragments generated by pancreatic trypsin act as endogenous inhibitors of pancreatic tumor growth. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:201. [PMID: 37559126 PMCID: PMC10411016 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pancreatic microenvironment has a defensive role against cancer but it can acquire tumor-promoting properties triggered by multiple mechanisms including alterations in the equilibrium between proteases and their inhibitors. The identification of proteolytic events, targets and pathways would set the basis for the design of new therapeutic approaches. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we demonstrate that spheroids isolated from human and murine healthy pancreas and co-transplanted orthotopically with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in mouse pancreas inhibited tumor growth. The effect was mediated by trypsin-generated fibronectin (FN) fragments released by pancreatic spheroids. Tumor inhibition was observed also in a model of acute pancreatitis associated with trypsin activation. Mass spectrometry proteomic analysis of fragments and mAb against different FN epitopes identified the FN type III domain as responsible for the activity. By inhibiting integrin α5β1, FAK and FGFR1 signaling, the fragments induced tumor cell detachment and reduced cell proliferation. Consistent with the mutual relationship between the two pathways, FGF2 restored both FGFR1 and FAK signaling and promoted PDAC cell adhesion and proliferation. FAK and FGFR inhibitors additively inhibited PDAC growth in vitro and in orthotopic in vivo models. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies a novel role for pancreatic trypsin and fibronectin cleavage as a mechanism of protection against cancer by the pancreatic microenvironment. The finding of a FAK-FGFR cross-talk in PDAC support the combination of FAK and FGFR inhibitors for PDAC treatment to emulate the protective effect of the normal pancreas against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Resovi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo and Milan, Italy
| | - Perla Persichitti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo and Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Brunelli
- Department of Environmental Science, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo and Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Borsotti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo and Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Garattini
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo and Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Tironi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Erica Dugnani
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Miriam Redegalli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo and Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia De Simone
- Department of Environmental Science, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Department of Environmental Science, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Bani
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo and Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raffaella Giavazzi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo and Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Taraboletti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo and Milan, Italy
| | - Dorina Belotti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo and Milan, Italy.
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Amadeo E, Rossari F, Vitiello F, Burgio V, Persano M, Cascinu S, Casadei-Gardini A, Rimini M. Past, present, and future of FGFR inhibitors in cholangiocarcinoma: from biological mechanisms to clinical applications. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:631-642. [PMID: 37387533 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2232302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) is a heterogenous group of aggressive hepatic malignancies, second to hepatocellular carcinoma per prevalence. Despite clinical research advancement, the overall 5-year survival rate is just above 2%. With the identification of somatic core mutations in half of cholangiocarcinomas. In the intrahepatic subtype (iCCA), it is possible to target mutational pathways of pharmacological interest. AREAS COVERED Major attention has been drawn to fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), especially the type 2 (FGFR2), found mutated in 10-15% of iCCAs. FGFR2 fusions became the target of novel tyrosine-kinase inhibitors investigated in clinical studies, showing promising results so as to gain regulatory approval by American and European committees in recent years. Such drugs demonstrated a better impact on the quality of life compared to standard chemotherapy; however, side effects including hyperphosphatemia, gastrointestinal, eye, and nail disorders are common although mostly manageable. EXPERT OPINION As FGFR inhibitors may soon become the new alternative to standard chemotherapy in FGFR-mutated cholangiocarcinoma, accurate molecular testing and monitoring of acquired resistance mechanisms will be essential. The possible application of FGFR inhibitors in first-line treatment, as well as in combination with current standard treatments, remains the next step to be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Amadeo
- Department of Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Rossari
- Department of Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Vitiello
- Department of Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Burgio
- Department of Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Persano
- Medical Oncology, University and University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Department of Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- Department of Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Rimini
- Department of Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Pihlak R, Fong C, Starling N. Targeted Therapies and Developing Precision Medicine in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3248. [PMID: 37370858 PMCID: PMC10296575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is an aggressive disease with survival remaining poor in the advanced setting. More than a decade after the first targeted treatment was approved, still only HER2, MSI and PDL-1 status have reached everyday practice in terms of guiding treatment options for these patients. However, various new targets and novel treatments have recently been investigated and have shown promise in improving survival outcomes. In this review, we will summarise previous and currently ongoing studies on predictive biomarkers, possible new targeted treatments, potential reasons for conflicting trial results and hope for the future of precision medicine in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naureen Starling
- Gastrointestinal/Lymphoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK; (R.P.); (C.F.)
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Franz A, Plage H, Fendler A, Schlomm T, Kornienko K. [Precision oncology options in urological cancers]. Urologie 2023:10.1007/s00120-023-02119-z. [PMID: 37294331 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-023-02119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in the molecular genetic understanding of urological tumors have enabled the identification of numerous new therapeutic targets. Based on routinely applicable tumor sequencing, individual treatment decisions have been introduced in the context of precision oncology. This work provides an overview of the latest targeted tumor therapies in the treatment of prostate cancer, urothelial carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Current studies on the administration of FGFR-inhibitors ("fibroblast growth factor receptor") in metastatic urothelial carcinoma show a high tumor response in patients with selected FGFR alterations. PARP-inhibitors ("Poly-[ADP-Ribose-]Polymerase") are routinely used in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Patients with a BRCA mutation ("BReast CAncer gene") show high radiological response rates. Moreover, we discuss the latest results of the combination of PARP inhibitors with novel androgen receptor pathway inhibitors. In metastatic prostate cancer, there are numerous ongoing studies evaluating the promising drug targets PI3K/AKT/mTOR ("Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase")/AKT/mTOR ("mammalian target of rapamycine") and VEGF signaling pathways ("vascular endothelial growth factor"). A HIF-2a inhibitor ("hypoxia inducible factor") offers a promising new therapeutic option for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Overall, molecular diagnostics to determine the right therapy for the right patient subgroup at the right time is important for uro-oncological precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Franz
- Klinik für Urologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Henning Plage
- Klinik für Urologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Annika Fendler
- Klinik für Urologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Klinik für Urologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Kira Kornienko
- Klinik für Urologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
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Hargittay B, Mineev KS, Richter C, Sreeramulu S, Jonker HRA, Saxena K, Schwalbe H. NMR resonance assignment of a fibroblast growth factor 8 splicing isoform b. Biomol NMR Assign 2023; 17:10.1007/s12104-023-10132-8. [PMID: 37118562 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-023-10132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The splicing isoform b of human fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8b) is an important regulator of brain embryonic development. Here, we report the almost complete NMR chemical shift assignment of the backbone and aliphatic side chains of FGF8b. Obtained chemical shifts are in good agreement with the previously reported X-ray data, excluding the N-terminal gN helix, which apparently forms only in complex with the receptor. The reported data provide an NMR starting point for the investigation of FGF8b interaction with its receptors and with potential drugs or inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Hargittay
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Konstantin S Mineev
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Christian Richter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sridhar Sreeramulu
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Hendrik R A Jonker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Krishna Saxena
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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Gedaj A, Zukowska D, Porebska N, Pozniak M, Krzyscik M, Czyrek A, Krowarsch D, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opalinski L. Short report galectins use N-glycans of FGFs to capture growth factors at the cell surface and fine-tune their signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:122. [PMID: 37231412 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) constitute complex signaling hubs that are crucial for the development and homeostasis of the human body. Most of FGFs are released by cells using the conventional secretory pathway and are N-glycosylated, yet the role of FGFs glycosylation is largely unknown. Here, we identify N-glycans of FGFs as binding sites for a specific set of extracellular lectins, galectins - 1, -3, -7 and - 8. We demonstrate that galectins attract N-glycosylated FGF4 to the cell surface, forming a reservoir of the growth factor in the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, we show that distinct galectins differentially modulate FGF4 signaling and FGF4-dependent cellular processes. Using engineered variants of galectins with altered valency we demonstrate that multivalency of galectins is critical for the adjustment of FGF4 activity. Summarizing, our data reveal a novel regulatory module within FGF signaling, in which the glyco-code in FGFs provides previously unanticipated information differentially deciphered by multivalent galectins, affecting signal transduction and cell physiology. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gedaj
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Zukowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Porebska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Pozniak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Krzyscik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czyrek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Krowarsch
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Opalinski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Aaldijk AS, Verzijl CRC, Jonker JW, Struik D. Biological and pharmacological functions of the FGF19- and FGF21-coreceptor beta klotho. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150222. [PMID: 37260446 PMCID: PMC10229096 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta klotho (KLB) is a fundamental component in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling as it serves as an obligatory coreceptor for the endocrine hormones fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Through the development of FGF19- and FGF21 mimetics, KLB has emerged as a promising drug target for treating various metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease. While rodent studies have significantly increased our understanding of KLB function, current clinical trials that test the safety and efficacy of KLB-targeting drugs raise many new scientific questions about human KLB biology. Although most KLB-targeting drugs can modulate disease activity in humans, individual patient responses differ substantially. In addition, species-specific differences in KLB tissue distribution may explain why the glucose-lowering effects that were observed in preclinical studies are not fully replicated in clinical trials. Besides, the long-term efficacy of KLB-targeting drugs might be limited by various pathophysiological conditions known to reduce the expression of KLB. Moreover, FGF19/FGF21 administration in humans is also associated with gastrointestinal side effects, which are currently unexplained. A better understanding of human KLB biology could help to improve the efficacy and safety of existing or novel KLB/FGFR-targeting drugs. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of KLB biology, including genetic variants and their phenotypic associations, transcriptional regulation, protein structure, tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and function. In addition, we will highlight recent developments regarding the safety and efficacy of KLB-targeting drugs in clinical trials. These insights may direct the development and testing of existing and future KLB-targeting drugs.
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Kim YJ, Jang SK, Kim G, Hong SE, Park CS, Seong MK, Kim HA, Kim KS, Kim CH, Park KS, Hong J, Jin HO, Park IC. Nebivolol Sensitizes BT-474 Breast Cancer Cells to FGFR Inhibitors. Anticancer Res 2023; 43:1973-1980. [PMID: 37097659 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway is abnormally activated in human cancers, including breast cancer. Therefore, targeting the FGFR signaling pathway is a potent strategy to treat breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to find drugs that could increase sensitivity to FGFR inhibitor effects in BT-474 breast cancer cells, and to investigate the combined effects and underlying mechanisms of these combinations for BT-474 breast cancer cell survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Protein expression was determined by western blot analysis. mRNA expression was detected by Real-time PCR. Drug synergy effect was determined by isobologram analysis. RESULTS Nebivolol, a third generation β1-blocker, synergistically increased the sensitivity of BT-474 breast cancer cells to the potent and selective FGFR inhibitors erdafitinib (JNJ-42756493) and AZD4547. A combination of nebivolol and erdafitinib markedly reduced AKT activation. Suppression of AKT activation using specific siRNA and a selective inhibitor further enhanced cell sensitivity to combined treatment with nebivolol and erdafitinib, whereas SC79, a potent activator of AKT, reduced cell sensitivity to nebivolol and erdafitinib. CONCLUSION Enhanced sensitivity of BT-474 breast cancer cells to nebivolol and erdafitinib was probably associated with down-regulation of AKT activation. Combined treatment with nebivolol and erdafitinib is a promising strategy for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Kim
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Kyeong Jang
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongmi Kim
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Hong
- KIRAMS Radiation Biobank, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Sub Park
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ki Seong
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Kim
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungil Hong
- Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ok Jin
- KIRAMS Radiation Biobank, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
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Tateo V, Marchese PV, Mollica V, Massari F, Kurzrock R, Adashek JJ. Agnostic Approvals in Oncology: Getting the Right Drug to the Right Patient with the Right Genomics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040614. [PMID: 37111371 PMCID: PMC10144220 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The oncology field has drastically changed with the advent of precision medicine, led by the discovery of druggable genes or immune targets assessed through next-generation sequencing. Biomarker-based treatments are increasingly emerging, and currently, six tissue-agnostic therapies are FDA-approved. (2) Methods: We performed a review of the literature and reported the trials that led to the approval of tissue-agnostic treatments and ongoing clinical trials currently investigating novel biomarker-based approaches. (3) Results: We discussed the approval of agnostic treatments: pembrolizumab and dostarlimab for MMRd/MSI-H, pembrolizumab for TMB-H, larotrectinib and entrectinib for NTRK-fusions, dabrafenib plus trametinib for BRAF V600E mutation, and selpercatinib for RET fusions. In addition, we reported novel clinical trials of biomarker-based approaches, including ALK, HER2, FGFR, and NRG1. (4) Conclusions: Precision medicine is constantly evolving, and with the improvement of diagnostic tools that allow a wider genomic definition of the tumor, tissue-agnostic targeted therapies are a promising treatment strategy tailored to the specific tumor genomic profile, leading to improved survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Tateo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Valeria Marchese
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- MCW Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- WIN Consortium, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jacob J Adashek
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Ruff SM, Roychowdhury S, Pawlik TM. The future of fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors and mechanisms of resistance for cholangiocarcinoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:779-788. [PMID: 37042129 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2202814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare cancer that arises from the biliary tract. Despite advances in multimodal treatment, patients with CCA have a poor prognosis. Molecular profiling of CCA has identified unique genetic aberrations (GA) that may serve as therapeutic targets. A common GA in CCA is in the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR). FGFRs are a group of transmembrane receptors that stimulate downstream pathways for cell proliferation and survival. AREAS COVERED We herein review recent clinical trial data related to different FGFR inhibitors and the challenges within the field. An extensive literature search was performed to identify preclinical studies, clinical research, and clinical trials that evaluated the effectiveness of FGFR inhibitor therapy in patients with CCA. EXPERT OPINION FGFR inhibitors have demonstrated effectiveness in pre-clinical studies and some clinical trials. Infigratinib, futibatinib, and pemigatinib are being evaluated in an open phase III trial versus gemcitabine/cisplatin as first line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic CCA with FGFR GA (PROOF-301 NCT03773302, FOENIX-CCA3 NCT04093362, FIGHT-302 NCT03656536). Unfortunately, the effectiveness of FGFR therapy is often limited by acquired resistance mechanisms and continued work is needed to understand and overcome these mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Ruff
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Sameek Roychowdhury
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Zukowska D, Gedaj A, Porebska N, Pozniak M, Krzyscik M, Czyrek A, Krowarsch D, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opalinski L. Receptor clustering by a precise set of extracellular galectins initiates FGFR signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:113. [PMID: 37012400 PMCID: PMC10070233 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04768-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
FGF/FGFR signaling is critical for the development and homeostasis of the human body and imbalanced FGF/FGFR contributes to the progression of severe diseases, including cancers. FGFRs are N-glycosylated, but the role of these modifications is largely unknown. Galectins are extracellular carbohydrate-binding proteins implicated in a plethora of processes in heathy and malignant cells. Here, we identified a precise set of galectins (galectin-1, -3, -7, and -8) that directly interact with N-glycans of FGFRs. We demonstrated that galectins bind N-glycan chains of the membrane-proximal D3 domain of FGFR1 and trigger differential clustering of FGFR1, resulting in activation of the receptor and initiation of downstream signaling cascades. Using engineered galectins with controlled valency, we provide evidence that N-glycosylation-dependent clustering of FGFR1 constitutes a mechanism for FGFR1 stimulation by galectins. We revealed that the consequences of galectin/FGFR signaling for cell physiology are markedly different from the effects induced by canonical FGF/FGFR units, with galectin/FGFR signaling affecting cell viability and metabolic activity. Furthermore, we showed that galectins are capable of activating an FGFR pool inaccessible for FGF1, enhancing the amplitude of transduced signals. Summarizing, our data identify a novel mechanism of FGFR activation, in which the information stored in the N-glycans of FGFRs provides previously unanticipated information about FGFRs' spatial distribution, which is differentially deciphered by distinct multivalent galectins, affecting signal transmission and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Zukowska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gedaj
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natalia Porebska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Pozniak
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Krzyscik
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czyrek
- Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Daniel Krowarsch
- Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lukasz Opalinski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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Alhalabi O, Zhu Y, Hamza A, Qiao W, Lin Y, Wang RM, Shah AY, Campbell MT, Holla V, Kamat A, Wang WL, Wang J, Chen J, Meng J, Zhang M, Bondaruk J, Titus M, Genovese G, Czerniak BA, Shaw KR, Meric-Bernstam F, Guo CC, Logothetis CJ, Siefker-Radtke A, Msaouel P, Wang L, Liu J, Gao J. Integrative Clinical and Genomic Characterization of MTAP-deficient Metastatic Urothelial Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol 2023; 6:228-232. [PMID: 34789422 PMCID: PMC9106763 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of MTAP (MTAPdef) mainly occurs because of homozygous loss of chromosome 9p21, which is the most common copy-number loss in metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). We characterized the clinical and genomic features of MTAPdef mUC in 193 patients treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) and 298 patients from the phase 2 IMvigor210 trial, which investigated atezolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible and platinum-refractory disease. In the MDACC cohort, visceral metastases were significantly more common for MTAPdef (n = 48) than for MTAP-proficient (MTAPprof; n = 145) patients (75% vs 55.2%; p = 0.02). MTAPdef was associated with poor prognosis (median overall survival [mOS] 12.3 vs 20.2 mo; p = 0.007) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.93 (95% confidence interval 1.35-2.98). Similarly, IMvigor210 patients with MTAPlo (n = 29) had a higher incidence of visceral metastases than those with MTAPhi tumors (n = 269; 86.2% vs 72.5%; p = 0.021) and worse prognosis (mOS 8.0 vs 11.3 mo; p = 0.042). Hyperplasia-associated genes were more frequently mutated in MTAPdef tumors (FGFR3: 31% vs 8%; PI3KCA: 31% vs 19%), while alterations in dysplasia-associated genes were less common in MTAPdef tumors (TP53: 41% vs 67%; RB1: 0% vs 16%). Our findings support a distinct biology in MTAPdef mUC that is associated with early visceral disease and worse prognosis. PATIENT SUMMARY: We investigated the outcomes for patients with the most common gene loss (MTAP gene) in metastatic cancer of the urinary tract. We found that this loss correlates with worse prognosis and a higher risk of metastasis in internal organs. There seems to be distinct tumor biology for urinary tract cancer with MTAP gene loss and this could be a potential target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Alhalabi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yueting Zhu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ameer Hamza
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yiyun Lin
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raymond M Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amishi Y Shah
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew T Campbell
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vijaykumar Holla
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashish Kamat
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jieru Meng
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jolanta Bondaruk
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bogdan A Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenna R Shaw
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles C Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arlene Siefker-Radtke
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiyan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Georgantzoglou N, Shen G, Jour G, Linos K. A case of FN1-fused calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasm of the hand with novel FGFR3 partner gene. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2023; 62:237-241. [PMID: 36504176 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcified chondroid neoplasms with FN1::FGFR1 or FGFR2 fusions constitute a recently described category of mesenchymal neoplasms mostly encountered in the extremities and temporomandibular joint. Herein, we report a case of FNI1-fused calcified chondroid neoplasm of the hand with a novel FGFR3 fusion partner. The tumor exhibited a multilobulated growth pattern composed of epithelioid cells embedded in abundant stroma with myxoid, chondroid, and fibrous areas and scattered osteoclast-like giant cells. RNA sequencing revealed an in-frame fusion between Exon 31 of FN1 and Exon 3 of FGFR3, which was subsequently confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Our findings expand on the spectrum of potential fusion partners in FN1-fused calcified chondroid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Georgantzoglou
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Guomiao Shen
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Fujiwara Y, Kuboki Y, Furukawa M, Mizuno N, Hara H, Ioka T, Ueno M, Takahashi Y, Takahashi S, Takeuchi S, Lihou C, Ji T, Tian C, Shimizu T. FIGHT-102: A phase 1 study of pemigatinib in Japanese patients with advanced malignancies. Cancer Med 2023; 12:10597-10611. [PMID: 37000035 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FIGHT-102 was a phase 1, dose-escalation, dose-expansion study of pemigatinib in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Here, we report safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of pemigatinib from FIGHT-102. METHODS Patients (≥20 years old) self-administered oral pemigatinib 9, 13.5, or 18 mg QD on intermittent dosing (Part 1) or 13.5 mg QD intermittent or continuous dosing (Part 2). A dosing cycle was 21 days (2 weeks on/1 week off or 21 continuous days). Primary endpoint was safety. Secondary endpoints were pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary efficacy. RESULTS Forty-four patients (Part 1, n = 14; Part 2, n = 30) were enrolled; most common tumors, cholangiocarcinoma, n = 8; esophageal, n = 6; 26 patients had confirmed FGF/FGFR alterations (Part 1, n = 3; Part 2, n = 23); 70.5% had ≥3 prior systemic therapies. Maximum tolerated dose was not identified. The recommended phase 2 dosage was determined to be 13.5 mg QD. Most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were hyperphosphatemia (81.8%), dysgeusia (45.5%), stomatitis (43.2%), and alopecia (38.6%); most frequent Grade ≥3 TEAEs were anemia and decreased appetite (9.1% each). In Part 1, no patient achieved partial response (PR) or complete response, and 7 (50.0%) patients had stable disease (SD). In Part 2, 5 (16.7%) patients achieved PR (one each with cholangiocarcinoma, gall bladder cancer, breast cancer, urothelial tract/bladder cancer, and sweat gland carcinoma) and 6 (20%) had SD. Median duration of response was 9.56 months (95% CI: 4.17, 14.95). CONCLUSIONS Pemigatinib demonstrated manageable adverse events, consistent pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics profiles, and preliminary efficacy in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukata Fujiwara
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Tatsuya Ioka
- Department of Oncology Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tao Ji
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | | | - Toshio Shimizu
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Jain RK, Singh AM, Wang X, Guevara-Patiño JA, Sonpavde G. Emerging monoclonal antibody therapies in the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2023; 28:17-26. [PMID: 36882977 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2023.2186398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment landscape for advanced-stage, unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) has shifted dramatically over a short period of time, with new therapeutic agents available for clinical use. However, despite these recent advances in the field, mUC continues to be a disease with significant morbidity and mortality and remains generally incurable. While platinum-based therapy remains the backbone of therapy, many patients are ineligible for chemotherapy or have failed initial chemotherapy treatment. In post-platinum treated patients, immunotherapy and antibody drug conjugates have provided incremental advances, but agents with better therapeutic index guided by precision medicine are needed. AREAS COVERED This article covers the available monoclonal antibody therapies in mUC excluding immunotherapy and antibody drug conjugates. Included are a review of data utilizing monoclonal antibodies targeting VEG-F, HER-2, FGFR, and KIR-2 in the setting of mUC. A literature search from 6/2022- 9/2022 was performed utilizing PubMed with key terms including urothelial carcinoma, monoclonal antibody, VEG-F, HER-2, FGFR. EXPERT OPINION Often used in combination with immunotherapy or other therapeutic agents, monoclonal antibody therapies have exhibited efficacy in mUC in early trials. Upcoming clinical trials will further explore their full clinical utility in treating mUC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit K Jain
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Avani M Singh
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Guru Sonpavde
- Division of Medical Oncology, Advent Health Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
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Su Z, Zhang Y, Cao J, Sun Y, Cai Y, Zhang B, He L, Zhang Z, Xie J, Meng Q, Luo L, Li F, Li J, Zhang J, Chen X, Hong A. Hyaluronic acid-FGF2-derived peptide bioconjugates for suppression of FGFR2 and AR simultaneously as an acne antagonist. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:55. [PMID: 36803994 PMCID: PMC9938603 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne is a chronic skin condition that has serious consequences for mental and social well-being because it frequently occurs on the face. Several acne treatment approaches have commonly been used but have been hampered by side effects or weak activity. Thus, the investigation of the safety and efficacy of anti-acne compounds is of considerable medical importance. Herein, an endogenous peptide (P5) derived from fibroblast growth factors 2 (FGF2) was conjugated to the polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA) to generate the bioconjugate nanoparticle HA-P5, which suppresses fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) to significantly rehabilitate acne lesions and reduce sebum accumulation in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, our results show that HA-P5 inhibits both fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and androgen receptor (AR) signalling in SZ95 cells, reverses the acne-prone transcriptome, and decreases sebum secretion. Furthermore, the cosuppression mechanism revealed that HA-P5 blocks FGFR2 activation, as well as the YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein F3 (YTHDF3) downstream molecules, including an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader that facilitates AR translation. More importantly, a significant difference between HA-P5 and the commercial FGFR inhibitor AZD4547 is that HA-P5 does not trigger the overexpression of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3), which blocks acne treatment by catalyzing the synthesis of testosterone. Overall, we demonstrate that a polysaccharide-conjugated and naturally derived oligopeptide HA-P5 can alleviate acne and act as an optimal FGFR2 inhibitor and reveal that YTHDF3 plays a crucial role in signalling between FGFR2 and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Su
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieqiong Cao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yuanmeng Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Cai
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Bihui Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu He
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zilei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Junye Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Qilin Meng
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Fu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingsheng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinting Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - An Hong
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Zheng X, Wang H, Deng J, Yao M, Zou X, Zhang F, Ma X. Safety and efficacy of the pan- FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib in advanced urothelial carcinoma and other solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 12:907377. [PMID: 36776367 PMCID: PMC9909824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.907377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This review aimed to comprehensively analyze the safety and efficacy of erdafitinib in treating advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma and other solid tumors. Methods PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched until 10 February 2022. The safety outcome as adverse events and efficacy outcomes, including objective response rate, stable disease rates, and progressive disease rates, were selected and analyzed by comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.0 and STATA 15.0. Results The most common all-grade adverse events were hyperphosphatemia, dry mouth, stomatitis, diarrhea, and dysgeusia. The occurrence of ≥3 adverse events was relatively low, and stomatitis and hyponatremia were the most common. Moreover, eye disorders could not be ignored. Efficacy in urothelial carcinoma patients was obviously better than in other solid tumor patients, with a higher objective response rate (0.38 versus 0.10) and lower progressive disease rate (0.26 versus 0.68). All responses occurred in patients with fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) alteration. In those patients, a specific FGFR alteration (FGFR3-TACC3) was observed to have a maximum response. Conclusion Erdafitinib has satisfactory clinical activity for metastatic urothelial carcinoma and other solid tumors, while the toxicity is acceptable. With more RCTs and combination therapy trials published, erdafitinib will be applied widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zheng
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hang Wang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junyue Deng
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Minghe Yao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuhe Zou
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Xiuhe Zou, ; Fan Zhang,
| | - Fan Zhang
- Health Management Center, General Practice Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiuhe Zou, ; Fan Zhang,
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Parthasarathy G, Pattison MB, Midkiff CC. The FGF/ FGFR system in the microglial neuroinflammation with Borrelia burgdorferi: likely intersectionality with other neurological conditions. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:10. [PMID: 36650549 PMCID: PMC9847051 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lyme neuroborreliosis, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS, PNS). The CNS manifestations, especially at later stages, can mimic/cause many other neurological conditions including psychiatric disorders, dementia, and others, with a likely neuroinflammatory basis. The pathogenic mechanisms associated with Lyme neuroborreliosis, however, are not fully understood. METHODS In this study, using cultures of primary rhesus microglia, we explored the roles of several fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in neuroinflammation associated with live B. burgdorferi exposure. FGFR specific siRNA and inhibitors, custom antibody arrays, ELISAs, immunofluorescence and microscopy were used to comprehensively analyze the roles of these molecules in microglial neuroinflammation due to B. burgdorferi. RESULTS FGFR1-3 expressions were upregulated in microglia in response to B. burgdorferi. Inhibition of FGFR 1, 2 and 3 signaling using siRNA and three different inhibitors showed that FGFR signaling is proinflammatory in response to the Lyme disease bacterium. FGFR1 activation also contributed to non-viable B. burgdorferi mediated neuroinflammation. Analysis of the B. burgdorferi conditioned microglial medium by a custom antibody array showed that several FGFs are induced by the live bacterium including FGF6, FGF10 and FGF12, which in turn induce IL-6 and/or CXCL8, indicating a proinflammatory nature. To our knowledge, this is also the first-ever described role for FGF6 and FGF12 in CNS neuroinflammation. FGF23 upregulation, in addition, was observed in response to the Lyme disease bacterium. B. burgdorferi exposure also downregulated many FGFs including FGF 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 16, 20 and 21. Some of the upregulated FGFs have been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD) or dementia development, while the downregulated ones have been demonstrated to have protective roles in epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, spinal cord injury, blood-brain barrier stability, and others. CONCLUSIONS In this study we show that FGFRs and FGFs are novel inducers of inflammatory mediators in Lyme neuroborreliosis. It is likely that an unresolved, long-term (neuro)-Lyme infection can contribute to the development of other neurologic conditions in susceptible individuals either by augmenting pathogenic FGFs or by suppressing ameliorative FGFs or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Parthasarathy
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, 18703, Three Rivers Road, Room 109, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
| | - Melissa B Pattison
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, 18703, Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Cecily C Midkiff
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, 18703, Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
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Basu D, Pal R, Sarkar M, Barma S, Halder S, Roy H, Nandi S, Samadder A. To Investigate Growth Factor Receptor Targets and Generate Cancer Targeting Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:2877-2972. [PMID: 38164722 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266261150231110053650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) regulates multiple pathways, including Mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs), PI3/AKT, JAK/STAT pathway, etc. which has a significant role in the progression and metastasis of tumor. As RTK activation regulates numerous essential bodily processes, including cell proliferation and division, RTK dysregulation has been identified in many types of cancers. Targeting RTK is a significant challenge in cancer due to the abnormal upregulation and downregulation of RTK receptors subfamily EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR in the progression of cancer, which is governed by multiple RTK receptor signalling pathways and impacts treatment response and disease progression. In this review, an extensive focus has been carried out on the normal and abnormal signalling pathways of EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR and their association with cancer initiation and progression. These are explored as potential therapeutic cancer targets and therefore, the inhibitors were evaluated alone and merged with additional therapies in clinical trials aimed at combating global cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debroop Basu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Riya Pal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, IndiaIndia
| | - Maitrayee Sarkar
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Soubhik Barma
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sumit Halder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Harekrishna Roy
- Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Vijayawada, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
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Rayrikar AY, Wagh GA, Santra MK, Patra C. Ccn2a- FGFR1-SHH signaling is necessary for intervertebral disc homeostasis and regeneration in adult zebrafish. Development 2023; 150:dev201036. [PMID: 36458546 PMCID: PMC10108606 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the primary cause of back pain in humans. However, the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of IVD degeneration is poorly understood. This study shows that zebrafish IVDs possess distinct and non-overlapping zones of cell proliferation and cell death. We find that, in zebrafish, cellular communication network factor 2a (ccn2a) is expressed in notochord and IVDs. Although IVD development appears normal in ccn2a mutants, the adult mutant IVDs exhibit decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death leading to IVD degeneration. Moreover, Ccn2a overexpression promotes regeneration through accelerating cell proliferation and suppressing cell death in wild-type aged IVDs. Mechanistically, Ccn2a maintains IVD homeostasis and promotes IVD regeneration by enhancing outer annulus fibrosus cell proliferation and suppressing nucleus pulposus cell death through augmenting FGFR1-SHH signaling. These findings reveal that Ccn2a plays a central role in IVD homeostasis and regeneration, which could be exploited for therapeutic intervention in degenerated human discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amey Y. Rayrikar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
- S P Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Ganesh A. Wagh
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
- S P Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Manas K. Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Chinmoy Patra
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
- S P Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
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Brandi G, Deiana C, Galvani L, Palloni A, Ricci AD, Rizzo A, Tavolari S. Are FGFR and IDH1-2 alterations a positive prognostic factor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma? An unresolved issue. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1137510. [PMID: 37168376 PMCID: PMC10164916 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1137510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite representing some of the most common and investigated molecular changes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), the prognostic role of FGFR and IDH1/2 alterations still remains an open question. In this review we provide a critical analysis of available literature data regarding this topic, underlining the strengths and pitfalls of each study reported. Despite the overall poor quality of current available studies, a general trend toward a better overall survival for FGFR2 rearrangements and, possibly, for FGFR2-3 alterations can be inferred. On the other hand, the positive prognostic role of IDH1/2 mutation seems much more uncertain. In this scenario, better designed clinical trials in these subsets of iCCA patients are needed in order to get definitive conclusions on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Brandi
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Brandi,
| | - Chiara Deiana
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Linda Galvani
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Palloni
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico “Don Tonino Bello”, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Petrillo A, Smyth EC, van Laarhoven HWM. Emerging targets in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: what the future looks like. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231173177. [PMID: 37197225 PMCID: PMC10184253 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231173177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) is a heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy has been the cornerstone in treating metastatic diseases. Recently, the introduction of immunotherapy demonstrated improved survival outcomes in localized and metastatic diseases. Beyond immunotherapy, several attempts were made to improve patient survival by understanding the molecular mechanisms of GEA and several molecular classifications were published. In this narrative review, we will discuss emerging targets in GEA, including fibroblast growth factor receptor and Claudin 18.2, as well as the accompanying drugs. In addition, novel agents directed against well-known targets, such as HER2 and angiogenesis, will be discussed, as well as cellular therapies like CAR-T and SPEAR-T cells.
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Gizaw NY, Kallio P, Punger T, Gucciardo E, Haglund C, Böhling T, Lehti K, Sampo M, Alitalo K, Kivelä R. PROX1 transcription factor controls rhabdomyosarcoma growth, stemness, myogenic properties and therapeutic targets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116220119. [PMID: 36459642 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116220119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive pediatric soft-tissue cancer with features of skeletal muscle. Because of poor survival of RMS patients and severe long-term side effects of RMS therapies, alternative RMS therapies are urgently needed. Here we show that the prospero-related homeobox 1 (PROX1) transcription factor is highly expressed in RMS tumors regardless of their cell type of origin. We demonstrate that PROX1 is needed for RMS cell clonogenicity, growth and tumor formation. PROX1 gene silencing repressed several myogenic and tumorigenic transcripts and transformed the RD cell transcriptome to resemble that of benign mesenchymal stem cells. Importantly, we found that fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) mediated the growth effects of PROX1 in RMS. Because of receptor cross-compensation, paralog-specific FGFR inhibition did not mimic the effects of PROX1 silencing, whereas a pan-FGFR inhibitor ablated RMS cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Our findings uncover the critical role of PROX1 in RMS and offer insights into the mechanisms that regulate RMS development and growth. As FGFR inhibitors have already been tested in clinical phase I/II trials in other cancer types, our findings provide an alternative option for RMS treatment.
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