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Huang Y, Zhang P, Han S, Hu B, Zhang Q, He H. Effect of Enteromorpha polysaccharides on gut-lung axis in mice infected with H5N1 influenza virus. Virology 2024; 593:110031. [PMID: 38401339 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Enteromorpha polysaccharides (EPPs) have been reported to have antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. To explore the effect of EPPs on H5N1-infected mice, mice were pretreated with EPPs before being infected with the H5N1 influenza virus intranasally. H5N1 infection resulted in body-weight loss, pulmonary and intestinal damage, and an imbalance of gut microbiota in mice. As a result of the inclusion of EPPs, the body weight of mice recovered and pathological damage to the lung and intestine was reduced. EPPs also diminished inflammation by drastically lowering the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in lungs and intestines. H5N1 infection reduced bacterial diversity, and the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Desulfovibrio increased. However, the beneficial bacteria Alistipes rebounded in the groups which received EPPs before the infection. The modulation of the gut-lung axis may be related to the mechanism of EPPs in antiviral and anti-inflammatory responses. EPPs have shown potential in protecting the host from the influenza A virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Huang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyang Zhang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Han
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Hu
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxun Zhang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Liu W, Pi Z, Wang X, Shang C, Song C, Wang R, He Z, Zhang X, Wan Y, Mao W. Microbiome and lung cancer: carcinogenic mechanisms, early cancer diagnosis, and promising microbial therapies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104322. [PMID: 38460928 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes in the lung, gut, and oral cavity are correlated with lung cancer initiation and progression. While correlations have been preliminarily established in earlier studies, delving into microbe-mediated carcinogenic mechanisms will extend our understanding from correlation to causation. Building upon the causative relationships between microbiome and lung cancer, a novel concept of microbial biomarkers has emerged, mainly encompassing cancer-specific bacteria and circulating microbiome DNA. They might function as noninvasive liquid biopsy techniques for lung cancer early detection. Furthermore, potential microbial therapies have displayed initial efficacy in lung cancer treatment, providing multiple avenues for therapeutic intervention. Herein, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways through which microbes influence lung cancer initiation and development. Additionally, we will summarize recent findings on microbial biomarkers as a member of tumor liquid biopsy techniques and provide an overview of the latest advances in various microbe-assisted/mediated therapeutic approaches for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weici Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Zheshun Pi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chenwei Shang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chenghu Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Ruixin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Zhao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of Biome Dx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton 13850, USA.
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China.
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de Souza V, Bitencourt KCQM, Rodrigues VMM, Schapochnik A, da Palma Cruz M, Damazo AS, Ferreira CM, Cecatto RB, Destro MFS, Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco A. Repercussion of inflammatory bowel disease on lung homeostasis: The role of photobiomodulation. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:70. [PMID: 38378954 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic and multifactorial diseases characterized by dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa and impaired immune response. Data show an important relationship between intestine and respiratory tract. The treatments of IBD are limited. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an effective anti-inflammatory therapy. Our objective was to evaluate the repercussion of IBD as well as its treatment with PBM on pulmonary homeostasis. Male Wistar rats were submitted to IBD induction by acetic acid and treated or not with PBM. Rats were irradiated with red LED on both right and left sides of the ventral surface and beside the external anal region during 3 consecutive days (wavelenght 660 nm, power 100 mw, total energy 15 J and time of irradiation 150 s per point). Our results showed that IBD altered pulmonary homeostasis, since we observed an increase in the histopathological score, in myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), in mast cell degranulation, and in the release and gene expression of cytokines. We also showed that PBM treatment reduced biomarkers of IBD and reverted all augmented parameters in the lung, restoring its homeostasis. Thus, we confirm experimentally the important gut-lung axis and the role of PBM as a promising therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa de Souza
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 239/245, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01504-000, Brazil
| | | | - Virgínia Mendes Matias Rodrigues
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 239/245, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01504-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Schapochnik
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 239/245, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01504-000, Brazil
| | - Marlon da Palma Cruz
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 239/245, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01504-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rebeca Boltes Cecatto
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 239/245, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01504-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Setubal Destro
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 239/245, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01504-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 239/245, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01504-000, Brazil.
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Xu C, Hao M, Zai X, Song J, Huang Y, Gui S, Chen J. A new perspective on gut-lung axis affected through resident microbiome and their implications on immune response in respiratory diseases. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:107. [PMID: 38368569 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The highly diverse microbial ecosystem of the human body colonizes the gastrointestinal tract has a profound impact on the host's immune, metabolic, endocrine, and other physiological processes, which are all interconnected. Specifically, gut microbiota has been found to play a crucial role in facilitating the adaptation and initiation of immune regulatory response through the gastrointestinal tract affecting the other distal mucosal sites such as lungs. A tightly regulated lung-gut axis during respiratory ailments may influence the various molecular patterns that instructs priming the disease severity to dysregulate the normal function. This review provides a comprehensive summary of current research on gut microbiota dysbiosis in respiratory diseases including asthma, pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, COPD during infections and cancer. A complex-interaction among gut microbiome, associated metabolites, cytokines, and chemokines regulates the protective immune response activating the mucosal humoral and cellular response. This potential mechanism bridges the regulation patterns through the gut-lung axis. This paper aims to advance the understanding of the crosstalk of gut-lung microbiome during infection, could lead to strategize to modulate the gut microbiome as a treatment plan to improve bad prognosis in various respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Mengqi Hao
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohu Zai
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Song
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Yuzhe Huang
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Chen
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
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Shin HJ, Yang WK, Lee YC, Kim S, Moon SO, Kwon YJ, Noh HJ, Kim KH, Kim BK, Shin CH, Chae MY, Yun SH, Kim SH. Protective effect of the mixture of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KC3 and Leonurus Japonicas Houtt extract on respiratory disorders. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 270:115856. [PMID: 38134637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM) and diesel exhaust particles (DEP), are associated with respiratory diseases. Therefore, preventive and therapeutic strategies against PM-and DEP (PM10D)-induced respiratory diseases are needed. Herein, we evaluate the protective effects of a mixture of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KC3 and Leonurus Japonicas Houtt (LJH) extract against airway inflammation associated with exposure to PM10D. To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of the LJH extract, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of inflammatory pathways were determined in PM10-induced MH-S cells. For the respiratory protective effects, BALB/c mice were exposed to PM10D via intranasal injection, and a mixture of L. plantarum KC3 and LJH extract was administered orally for 12 days. LJH extract inhibited ROS production and the phosphorylation of downstream factors of NF-κB in PM10-stimulated MH-S cells. The mixture of L. plantarum KC3 and LJH repressed the infiltration of neutrophils, reduced the immune cells number, and suppressed the proinflammatory mediators and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expressions in PM10D-induced airway inflammation with reduced phosphorylation of downstream factors of NF-κB. In addition, these effects were not observed in an alveolar macrophage depleted PM10D-induced mouse model using clodronate liposomes. The extract mixture also regulated gut microbiota in feces and upregulated the mRNA expression of Foxp3, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and interleukin (IL)-10 in the colon. The L. plantarum KC3 and LJH extract mixture may inhibit alveolar macrophage- and neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses and regulate gut microbiota and immune response in PM10D-induced airway inflammation, suggesting it is a potential remedy to prevent and cure airway inflammation and respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jae Shin
- KT&G Research Institute, Daejeon 34128, the Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, the Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Lee
- KT&G Research Institute, Daejeon 34128, the Republic of Korea
| | - Soeun Kim
- KT&G Research Institute, Daejeon 34128, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Moon
- KT&G Research Institute, Daejeon 34128, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Kwon
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBiO), Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Noh
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBiO), Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBiO), Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kook Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBiO), Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hun Shin
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBiO), Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Chae
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, the Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Yun
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, the Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, the Republic of Korea.
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Wei Y, Li T, Zhao D, Sun T, Ma C, Zhang L, Lv S, Li J, Tan J, Li W. Sodium butyrate ameliorates sepsis-associated lung injury by enhancing gut and lung barrier function in combination with modulation of CD4 +Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176219. [PMID: 38040079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated lung injury often coexists with intestinal dysfunction. Butyrate, an essential gut microbiota metabolite, participates in gut-lung crosstalk and has immunoregulatory effects. This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of sodium butyrate (NaB) on lung injury. Sepsis-associated lung injury was established in mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Mice in treatment groups received NaB gavage after surgery. The survival rate, the oxygenation index and the lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio were calculated respectively. Pulmonary and intestinal histologic changes were observed. The total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured, and inflammatory factors in serum and BALF were examined. Diamine oxidase (DAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and surfactant-associated protein D (SP-D) levels in serum and amphiregulin in lung tissue were assessed. Intercellular junction protein expression in the lung and intestinal tissues were examined. Changes in immune cells were analyzed. NaB treatment improved the survival rate, the oxygenation index and the histologic changes. NaB decreased the W/D ratio, total protein concentration, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as SP-D, DAO and LPS, while increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and amphiregulin. The intercellular junction protein expression were improved by NaB. Furthermore, the CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio and the proportion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were increased by NaB. Our data suggested that NaB gavage effectively improved the survival rate and mitigated lung injury in CLP mice. The possible mechanism was that NaB augmented CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs and enhanced the barrier function of the gut and the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Dengming Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Tian Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Can Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Shihua Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Jing Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Hagihara M, Kato H, Yamashita M, Shibata Y, Umemura T, Mori T, Hirai J, Asai N, Mori N, Mikamo H. Lung cancer progression alters lung and gut microbiomes and lipid metabolism. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23509. [PMID: 38169741 PMCID: PMC10758782 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in medical technology, lung cancer still has one of the highest mortality rates among all malignancies. Therefore, efforts must be made to understand the precise mechanisms underlying lung cancer development. In this study, we conducted lung and gut microbiome analyses and a comprehensive lipid metabolome analysis of host tissues to assess their correlation. Alternations in the lung microbiome due to lung cancer, such as a significantly decreased abundance of Firmicutes and Deferribacterota, were observed compared to a mock group. However, mice with lung cancer had significantly lower relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria and higher relative abundances of Cyanobacteria and Patescibacteria in the gut microbiome. The activations of retinol, fatty acid metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism metabolic pathways in the lung and gut microbiomes was inversely correlated. Additionally, changes occurred in lipid metabolites not only in the lungs but also in the blood, small intestine, and colon. Compared to the mock group, mice with lung cancer showed that the levels of adrenic, palmitic, stearic, and oleic (a ω-9 polyunsaturated fatty acid) acids increased in the lungs. Conversely, these metabolites consistently decreased in the blood (serum) and colon. Leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2 exacerbate lung cancer, and were upregulated in the lungs of the mice with lung cancer. However, isohumulone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activator, and resolvin (an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) both have anti-cancer effects, and were upregulated in the small intestine and colon. Our multi-omics data revealed that shifts in the microbiome and metabolome occur during the development of lung cancer and are of possible clinical importance. These results reveal one of the gut-lung axis mechanisms related to lung cancer and provide insights into potential new targets for lung cancer treatment and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Hagihara
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideo Kato
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shibata
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takumi Umemura
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Jun Hirai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Asai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Mori
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
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Khobarkar P, Nakanekar A. Acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma with infective focus treated with holistic Ayurveda approach: A case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100824. [PMID: 38262328 PMCID: PMC10945435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
While there are numerous published clinical trials investigating the efficacy of Ayurveda in managing bronchial asthma, a paucity of published case reports, case series, or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning Basti (medicated enema) therapy in conjunction with Dhumapana (fumigation therapy) exists on PubMed.This scarcity of data hinders the comprehensive evaluation of this specific Ayurvedic approach for asthma management. A 69-year-old female patient with a known case of bronchial asthma and hypertension presented with complaints of breathlessness on and off for 3 years, cough, urgency of micturition, constipation for 7 days, and fever for 3 days. The patient was treated according to the treatment principles of Tamakshwas (bronchial asthma) and Jwara (fever). Basti, Dhumapana, and oral Ayurvedic formulations were administered. Significant improvements in symptoms, the mMRC dyspnea scale, and the pulmonary function test were observed. This case provides new insight into clinical diagnosis and management through gut modulation in respiratory diseases and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Khobarkar
- Kayachikitsa All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India; Kayachikitsa Government Ayurved College, Nagpur, India.
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Lu Y, Wu Y, Huang M, Chen J, Zhang Z, Li J, Yang R, Liu Y, Cai S. Fuzhengjiedu formula exerts protective effect against LPS-induced acute lung injury via gut-lung axis. Phytomedicine 2024; 123:155190. [PMID: 37972468 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is distinguished by rapid and severe respiratory distress and prolonged hypoxemia. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), known as the Fuzhengjiedu formula (FZJDF), has been shown to have anti-inflammatory benefits in both clinical and experimental studies. The precise underlying processes, nevertheless, are yet unclear. PURPOSE This study sought to enlighten the protective mechanism of FZJDF in ALI through the standpoint of the gut-lung crosstalk. METHODS The impact of FZJDF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI murine model were investigated, and the lung injury score, serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression were measured to confirm its anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, gut microbiota analysis and serum and fecal samples metabolomics were performed using metagenomic sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, respectively. RESULTS FZJDF significantly induced histopathological changes caused by LPS-induced ALI as well as downregulated the serum concentration of IL-1β and TNF-α. Furthermore, FZJDF had an effect in gut microbiota disturbances, and linear discriminant effect size analysis identified signal transduction, cell motility, and amino acid metabolism as the potential mechanisms of action in the FZJDF-treated group. Several metabolites in the LPS and FZJDF groups were distinguished by untargeted metabolomic analysis. Correlations were observed between the relative abundance of microbiota and metabolic products. Comprehensive network analysis revealed connections among lung damage, gut microbes, and metabolites. The expression of glycine, serine, glutamate, cysteine, and methionine in the lung and colon tissues was dysregulated in LPS-induced ALI, and FZJDF reversed these trends. CONCLUSION This study revealed that FZJDF considerably protected against LPS-induced ALI in mice by regulating amino acid metabolism via the gut-microbiota-lung axis and offered thorough and in-depth knowledge of the multi-system linkages of systemic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengfen Huang
- The Ninth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiankun Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongde Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiqiang Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Rongyuan Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuntao Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shubin Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Zhou P, Zou Z, Wu W, Zhang H, Wang S, Tu X, Huang W, Chen C, Zhu S, Weng Q, Zheng S. The gut-lung axis in critical illness: microbiome composition as a predictor of mortality at day 28 in mechanically ventilated patients. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:399. [PMID: 38110878 PMCID: PMC10726596 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial communities are of critical importance in the human host. The lung and gut microbial communities represent the most essential microbiota within the human body, collectively referred to as the gut-lung axis. However, the differentiation between these communities and their influence on clinical outcomes in critically ill patients remains uncertain. METHODS An observational cohort study was obtained in the intensive care unit (ICU) of an affiliated university hospital. Sequential samples were procured from two distinct anatomical sites, namely the respiratory and intestinal tracts, at two precisely defined time intervals: within 48 h and on day 7 following intubation. Subsequently, these samples underwent a comprehensive analysis to characterize microbial communities using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and to quantify concentrations of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The primary predictors in this investigation included lung and gut microbial diversity, along with indicator species. The primary outcome of interest was the survival status at 28 days following mechanical ventilation. RESULTS Sixty-two mechanically ventilated critically ill patients were included in this study. Compared to the survivors, the diversity of microorganisms was significantly lower in the deceased, with a significant contribution from the gut-originated fraction of lung microorganisms. Lower concentrations of fecal SCFAs were detected in the deceased. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that not only lung microbial diversity but also the abundance of Enterococcaceae from the gut were correlated with day 28 mortality. CONCLUSION Critically ill patients exhibited lung and gut microbial dysbiosis after mechanical ventilation, as evidenced by a significant decrease in lung microbial diversity and the proliferation of Enterococcaceae in the gut. Levels of fecal SCFAs in the deceased served as a marker of imbalance between commensal and pathogenic flora in the gut. These findings emphasize the clinical significance of microbial profiling in predicting the prognosis of ICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenwei Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weibin Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cunrong Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuaijun Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinyong Weng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Shixiang Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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11
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Jiang M, Hao X, Jiang Y, Li S, Wang C, Cheng S. Genetic and observational associations of lung function with gastrointestinal tract diseases: pleiotropic and mendelian randomization analysis. Respir Res 2023; 24:315. [PMID: 38102678 PMCID: PMC10724909 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two-way communications along the gut-lung axis influence the immune function in both gut and lung. However, the shared genetic characteristics of lung function with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases remain to be investigated. METHODS We first investigated the genetic correlations between three lung function traits and four GIT diseases. Second, we illustrated the genetic overlap by genome-wide pleiotropic analysis (PLACO) and further pinpointed the relevant tissue and cell types by partitioning heritability. Furthermore, we proposed pleiotropic genes as potential drug targets by drug database mining. Finally, we evaluated the causal relationships by epidemiologic observational study and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. RESULTS We found lung function and GIT diseases were genetically correlated. We identified 258 pleiotropic loci, which were enriched in gut- and lung-specific regions marked by H3K4me1. Among these, 16 pleiotropic genes were targets of drugs, such as tofacitinib and baricitinib targeting TYK2 for the treatment of ulcer colitis and COVID-19, respectively. We identified a missense variant in TYK2, exhibiting a shared causal effect on FEV1/FVC and inflammatory bowel disease (rs12720356, PPLACO=1.38 × 10- 8). These findings suggested TYK2 as a promising drug target. Although the epidemiologic observational study suggested the protective role of lung function in the development of GIT diseases, no causalities were found by MR analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested the shared genetic characteristics between lung function and GIT diseases. The pleiotropic variants could exert their effects by modulating gene expression marked by histone modifications. Finally, we highlighted the potential of pleiotropic analyses in drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xingjie Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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12
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Zeng X, Yue H, Zhang L, Chen G, Zheng Q, Hu Q, Du X, Tian Q, Zhao X, Liang L, Yang Z, Bai H, Liu Y, Zhao M, Fu X. Gut microbiota-derived autoinducer-2 regulates lung inflammation through the gut-lung axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110971. [PMID: 37748222 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether autoinducer-2 (AI-2), a crucial bacterial metabolite and quorum sensing molecule, is involved in lung immunity through the gut-lung axis. METHODS The level of AI-2 and the gut microbiome composition were analysed in the stools from pneumonic patients and the mouse model of acute lung injury. The effect of AI-2 on lung inflammation was further investigated in the mouse model. RESULTS The diversity of the faecal microbiota was reduced in pneumonic patients treated with antibiotics compared with healthy volunteers. The AI-2 level in the stool was positively correlated with inflammatory molecules in the serum of pneumonic patients. Intraperitoneal injection of AI-2 reinforced lung inflammation in the acute lung injury mouse model, characterized by increased secretion of inflammatory molecules, including IL-6, IL-1β, C-C chemokines, and CXCL chemokines, which were alleviated by the AI-2 inhibitor D-ribose. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that gut microbiota-derived AI-2 could modulate lung inflammation through the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghao Zeng
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637000, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Huawen Yue
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637000, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637000, China
| | - Guimei Chen
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637000, China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637000, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637000, China
| | - Xinhao Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Lanfan Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Hang Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Yanqin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610500, China
| | - Xiangsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610500, China.
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13
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Abdelgawad A, Nicola T, Martin I, Halloran BA, Tanaka K, Adegboye CY, Jain P, Ren C, Lal CV, Ambalavanan N, O'Connell AE, Jilling T, Willis KA. Antimicrobial peptides modulate lung injury by altering the intestinal microbiota. Microbiome 2023; 11:226. [PMID: 37845716 PMCID: PMC10578018 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian mucosal barriers secrete antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as critical, host-derived regulators of the microbiota. However, mechanisms that support microbiota homeostasis in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as supraphysiologic oxygen, remain unclear. RESULTS We show that supraphysiologic oxygen exposure to neonatal mice, or direct exposure of intestinal organoids to supraphysiologic oxygen, suppresses the intestinal expression of AMPs and alters intestinal microbiota composition. Oral supplementation of the prototypical AMP lysozyme to hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mice reduced hyperoxia-induced alterations in their microbiota and was associated with decreased lung injury. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify a gut-lung axis driven by intestinal AMP expression and mediated by the intestinal microbiota that is linked to lung injury in newborns. Together, these data support that intestinal AMPs modulate lung injury and repair. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelgawad
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Teodora Nicola
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Isaac Martin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brian A Halloran
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Comfort Y Adegboye
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pankaj Jain
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Changchun Ren
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Charitharth V Lal
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amy E O'Connell
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamás Jilling
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kent A Willis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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14
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Ni S, Yuan X, Cao Q, Chen Y, Peng X, Lin J, Li Y, Ma W, Gao S, Chen D. Gut microbiota regulate migration of lymphocytes from gut to lung. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106311. [PMID: 37625662 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The community of microorganisms known as gut microbiota that lives in the intestine confers significant health benefits on its host, primarily in the form of immunological homeostasis regulation. Gut microbiota not only can shape immune responses in the gut but also in other organs. This review focus on the gut-lung axis. Aberrant gut microbiota development is associated with greater lung disease susceptibility and respiratory disease induced by a variety of pathogenic bacteria. They are known to cause changes in gut microbiota. Recent research has found that immune cells in the intestine migrate to distant lung to exert anti-infective effects. Moreover, evidence indicates that the gut microbiota and their metabolites influence intestinal immune cells. Therefore, we suspect that intestine-derived immune cells may play a significant role against pulmonary pathogenic infections by receiving instructions from gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiulei Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qihang Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yiming Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xingyu Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jingyi Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wentao Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shikong Gao
- Shenmu Animal Husbandry Development Center, Shenmu, 719399, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dekun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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Haldar S, Jadhav SR, Gulati V, Beale DJ, Balkrishna A, Varshney A, Palombo EA, Karpe AV, Shah RM. Unravelling the gut-lung axis: insights into microbiome interactions and Traditional Indian Medicine's perspective on optimal health. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad103. [PMID: 37656879 PMCID: PMC10508358 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome of the human gut is a complex assemblage of microorganisms that are in a symbiotic relationship with one another and profoundly influence every aspect of human health. According to converging evidence, the human gut is a nodal point for the physiological performance matrixes of the vital organs on several axes (i.e. gut-brain, gut-lung, etc). As a result of COVID-19, the importance of gut-lung dysbiosis (balance or imbalance) has been realised. In view of this, it is of utmost importance to develop a comprehensive understanding of the microbiome, as well as its dysbiosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the gut-lung axial microbiome and its importance in maintaining optimal health. Human populations have successfully adapted to geophysical conditions through traditional dietary practices from around the world. In this context, a section has been devoted to the traditional Indian system of medicine and its theories and practices regarding the maintenance of optimally customized gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Haldar
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Snehal R Jadhav
- Consumer-Analytical-Safety-Sensory (CASS) Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Vandana Gulati
- Biomedical Science, School of Science and Technology Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - David J Beale
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Enzo A Palombo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Avinash V Karpe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Socio-Eternal Thinking for Unity (SETU), Melbourne, VIC 3805, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rohan M Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC 3083, Australia
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16
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Qin J, Wang J. Research progress on the effects of gut microbiome on lung damage induced by particulate matter exposure. Environ Res 2023; 233:116162. [PMID: 37348637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the top five causes of death in the world and has become a research hotspot. In the past, the health effects of particulate matter (PM), the main component of air pollutants, were mainly focused on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. However, in recent years, the intestinal damage caused by PM and its relationship with gut microbiome (GM) homeostasis, thereby affecting the composition and function of GM and bringing disease burden to the host lung through different mechanisms, have attracted more and more attention. Therefore, this paper reviews the latest research progress in the effect of PM on GM-induced lung damage and its possible interaction pathways and explores the potential immune inflammatory mechanism with the gut-lung axis as the hub in order to understand the current research situation and existing problems, and to provide new ideas for further research on the relationship between PM pollution, GM, and lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Qin
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junling Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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17
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Galperine T, Choi Y, Pagani JL, Kritikos A, Papadimitriou-Olivgeris M, Méan M, Scherz V, Opota O, Greub G, Guery B, Bertelli C. Temporal changes in fecal microbiota of patients infected with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:537. [PMID: 37596518 PMCID: PMC10436399 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a multifaceted disease potentially responsible for various clinical manifestations including gastro-intestinal symptoms. Several evidences suggest that the intestine is a critical site of immune cell development, gut microbiota could therefore play a key role in lung immune response. We designed a monocentric longitudinal observational study to describe the gut microbiota profile in COVID-19 patients and compare it to a pre-existing cohort of ventilated non-COVID-19 patients. METHODS From March to December 2020, we included patients admitted for COVID-19 in medicine (43 not ventilated) or intensive care unit (ICU) (14 ventilated) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay in a respiratory tract sample. 16S metagenomics was performed on rectal swabs from these 57 COVID-19 patients, 35 with one and 22 with multiple stool collections. Nineteen non-COVID-19 ICU controls were also enrolled, among which 14 developed ventilator-associated pneumonia (pneumonia group) and five remained without infection (control group). SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in fecal samples were measured by qPCR. RESULTS Although similar at inclusion, Shannon alpha diversity appeared significantly lower in COVID-19 and pneumonia groups than in the control group at day 7. Furthermore, the microbiota composition became distinct between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. The fecal microbiota of COVID-19 patients was characterized by increased Bacteroides and the pneumonia group by Prevotella. In a distance-based redundancy analysis, only COVID-19 presented significant effects on the microbiota composition. Moreover, patients in ICU harbored increased Campylobacter and decreased butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia and Faecalibacterium as compared to patients in medicine. Both the stay in ICU and patient were significant factors affecting the microbiota composition. SARS-CoV-2 viral loads were higher in ICU than in non-ICU patients. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we identified distinct characteristics of the gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients compared to control groups. COVID-19 patients were primarily characterized by increased Bacteroides and decreased Prevotella. Moreover, disease severity showed a negative correlation with butyrate-producing bacteria. These features could offer valuable insights into potential targets for modulating the host response through the microbiota and contribute to a better understanding of the disease's pathophysiology. TRIAL REGISTRATION CER-VD 2020-00755 (05.05.2020) & 2017-01820 (08.06.2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Galperine
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH10-553, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yangji Choi
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Pagani
- Service of Intensive Care, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonios Kritikos
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH10-553, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthaios Papadimitriou-Olivgeris
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH10-553, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Méan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Scherz
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Onya Opota
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Guery
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, BH10-553, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Claire Bertelli
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Wang J, Xue X, Zhao X, Luo L, Liu J, Dai S, Zhang F, Wu R, Liu Y, Peng C, Li Y. Forsythiaside A alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and epithelial barrier damages in lung and colon through PPAR-γ/RXR-α complex. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00222-9. [PMID: 37579917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute lung injury (ALI) is a lung disease characterized by inflammation and still requires further drug development. Forsythiaside A as the active compound of Forsythiae Fructus has the therapeutic potential for ALI. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of forsythiaside A in treating ALI through PPAR-γ and its conjugate RXR-α based on gut-lung axis. METHODS This study constructed in vitro and in vivo injury models using LPS and TNF-α. Forsythiaside A was used for the drug treatment, and RXR-α inhibitor UVI3003 was used to interfere with PPAR-γ/RXR-α complexes in the cells. HE staining was used for histopathological examination. Serum endotoxin contents were determined using limulus lysate kit. IHC staining and Western blot were conducted to assess the protein expressions. ELISA was applied to examine the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cell supernatants. The protein interactions were analyzed via CO-IP. RESULTS In vivo results showed that forsythiaside A regulated PPAR-γ/RXR-α and inhibited TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB and MLCK/MLC2 signal pathways, thus inhibiting inflammation and epithelial barrier damages of lung and colon in ALI mice induced by intratracheal LPS. PPAR-γ/RXR-α were promoted by forsythiaside A in lungs, whereas inhibited by forsythiaside A in colons. Additionally, in vitro results showed that forsythiaside A suppressed inflammation and epithelial barrier damages in macrophages and lung/colon epithelial cells, by manipulating PPAR-γ/RXR-α to suppress the LPS- and TNF-α-induced activation of TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB and NF-κB/MLCK/MLC2 signal pathways. Moreover, further mechanism study indicated that forsythiaside A showed a cell-specific regulatory effect on PPAR-γ/RXR-α complex. Specifically, the PPAR-γ/RXR-α protein interactions were promoted by forsythiaside A in LPS-induced macrophages RAW264.7 and TNF-α-induced lung epithelial cells A549, but inhibited by forsythiaside A in TNF-α-induced colon epithelial cells SW620. CONCLUSION In the treatment of ALI, Forsythiaside A inhibited inflammation and epithelial barrier damages of lung and colon through its regulation on PPAR-γ/RXR-α complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Caparrós-Martín JA, Saladie M, Agudelo-Romero SP, Reen FJ, Ware RS, Sly PD, Stick SM, O'Gara F. Detection of bile acids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid defines the inflammatory and microbial landscape of the lower airways in infants with cystic fibrosis. Microbiome 2023; 11:132. [PMID: 37312128 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic condition characterized by neutrophilic inflammation and recurrent infection of the airways. How these processes are initiated and perpetuated in CF remains largely unknown. We have demonstrated a link between the intestinal microbiota-related metabolites bile acids (BA) and inflammation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from children with stable CF lung disease. To establish if BA indicate early pathological processes in CF lung disease, we combined targeted mass spectrometry and amplicon sequencing-based microbial characterization of 121 BALF specimens collected from 12-month old infants with CF enrolled in the COMBAT-CF study, a multicentre randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing azithromycin versus placebo. We evaluated whether detection of BA in BALF is associated with the establishment of the inflammatory and microbial landscape of early CF lung disease, and whether azithromycin, a motilin agonist that has been demonstrated to reduce aspiration of gastric contents, alters the odds of detecting BA in BALF. We also explored how different prophylactic antibiotics regimens impact the early life BALF microbiota. RESULTS Detection of BA in BALF was strongly associated with biomarkers of airway inflammation, more exacerbation episodes during the first year of life, increased use of oral antibiotics with prolonged treatment periods, a higher degree of structural lung damage, and distinct microbial profiles. Treatment with azithromycin, a motilin agonist, which has been reported to reduce aspiration of gastric contents, did not reduce the odds of detecting BA in BALF. Culture and molecular methods showed that azithromycin does not alter bacterial load or diversity in BALF. Conversely, penicillin-type prophylaxis reduced the odds of detecting BAs in BALF, which was associated with elevated levels of circulating biomarkers of cholestasis. We also observed that environmental factors such as penicillin-type prophylaxis or BAs detection were linked to distinct early microbial communities of the CF airways, which were associated with different inflammatory landscapes but not with structural lung damage. CONCLUSIONS Detection of BA in BALF portend early pathological events in CF lung disease. Benefits early in life associated with azithromycin are not linked to its antimicrobial properties. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Caparrós-Martín
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Montserrat Saladie
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Present Address: Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira I Virgili-EURECAT, Reus, Spain
| | - S Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - F Jerry Reen
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Robert S Ware
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland.
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20
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Fortoul MC, Kim E, Ardeljan AD, Frankel L, Takabe K, Rashid OM. The Role of Hemophilus influenzae Infection and Its Relationship With Colorectal Cancer. World J Oncol 2023; 14:188-194. [PMID: 37350803 PMCID: PMC10284634 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative coccobacillus. Non-typeable H. influenzae infection is a significant cause of disease that activates the inflammatory pathway involving the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. A gain-of-function mutation in NLRP3 results in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes characterized by inflammatory conditions in the lungs, skin, joints, and eyes but not in the gut. This leads to homeostasis of the gut microbiota, which reduces inflammation and may have protective effect against colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between H. influenzae infection and the incidence of CRC. Methods A retrospective study was conducted from 2010 to 2019 using a HIPAA-compliant national database. ICD-10, ICD-9, CPT, and National Drug Codes were used to identify patients with or without a history of H. influenzae infection. Standard statistical methods were used to analyze the outcomes. Results The query was analyzed and matched, resulting in 13,610 patients in both groups. The incidence of CRC was 167 and 446 in the H. influenzae and control groups, respectively. The difference was statistically significant with P < 2.2 ×10-16 and an odds ratio of 0.41 (95% confidence interval: 0.36 - 0.47). Additionally, the groups were further evaluated and matched by treatment, which resulted in a statistically significant decrease in CRC incidence in the H. influenzae group. Conclusion This study showed a statistically significant correlation between H. influenzae and the reduced incidence of CRC. This reduction in CRC in patients with a history of H. influenzae infection suggests a potential link to the NLRP3 inflammasome, which should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla C. Fortoul
- Department of Surgery, Michael and Dianne Biennes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Enoch Kim
- Department of Surgery, Michael and Dianne Biennes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Amalia D. Ardeljan
- Department of Surgery, Michael and Dianne Biennes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Lexi Frankel
- Department of Surgery, Michael and Dianne Biennes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Omar M. Rashid
- Department of Surgery, Michael and Dianne Biennes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- University of Miami, Leonard Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Broward Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- TopLine MD Alliance, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology Memorial Health, Pembroke Pines, FL, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Delray Medical Center, Delray, FL, USA
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Luo Q, Zhou P, Chang S, Huang Z, Zhu Y. The gut-lung axis: Mendelian randomization identifies a causal association between inflammatory bowel disease and interstitial lung disease. Heart Lung 2023; 61:120-126. [PMID: 37247539 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested the association between interstitial lung disease (ILD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). OBJECTIVES To examine the potential bidirectional causal relationship between IBD and ILD using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. METHODS We obtained the data from the genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in European individuals for IBD (25,042 cases and 34,915 controls) and ILD (21,806 cases and 196,986 controls) from the IEU GWAS database. We screened for instrumental variables based on the three assumptions of MR. The two-sample bidirectional MR analysis was performed using the inverse-variance weighted method and multiple sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Genetic liability to IBD was significantly associated with an increased ILD risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17-1.24, p = 3.67E-33). When considering the IBD subtypes, ILD risk was associated with genetic liability to both CD (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.10-1.17, p = 1.91E-17) and UC (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.12-1.21, p = 3.51E-13). There was weak evidence for the effect of genetic liability to ILD on IBD (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.99-1.76, p = 0.062), CD (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.00-1.55, p = 0.046), and UC (OR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.01-2.14, p = 0.046). CONCLUSION The results indicate a strong causal effect of IBD (including CD and UC) on ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Luo
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangmen, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuangqing Chang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangmen, China
| | - Zhifang Huang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jiangxi Fifth People's Hospital, Nanchang, China.
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22
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Wang XJ, Shao ZY, Zhu MR, You MY, Zhang YH, Chen XQ. [Intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota in early neonates: an analysis based on high-throughput sequencing]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2023; 25:508-515. [PMID: 37272178 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2301015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the distribution characteristics and correlation of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota in early neonates. METHODS Full-term healthy neonates who were born in Shanghai Pudong New Area Maternal and Child Health Hospital from September 2021 to January 2022 and were given mixed feeding were enrolled. The 16S rRNA sequencing technique was used to analyze the stool and pharyngeal swab samples collected on the day of birth and days 5-7 after birth, and the composition and function of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota were analyzed and compared. RESULTS The diversity analysis showed that the diversity of pharyngeal microbiota was higher than that of intestinal microbiota in early neonates, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). On the day of birth, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the intestine was significantly higher than that in the pharynx (P<0.05). On days 5-7 after birth, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in the intestine was significantly higher than that in the pharynx (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the intestine was significantly lower than that in the pharynx (P<0.05). At the genus level, there was no significant difference in the composition of dominant bacteria between the intestine and the pharynx on the day of birth (P>0.05), while on days 5-7 after birth, there were significant differences in the symbiotic bacteria of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Rothia, Bifidobacterium, and Escherichia-Shigella between the intestine and the pharynx (P<0.05). The analysis based on the database of Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins showed that pharyngeal microbiota was more concentrated on chromatin structure and dynamics and cytoskeleton, while intestinal microbiota was more abundant in RNA processing and modification, energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, coenzyme transport and metabolism, and others (P<0.05). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that compared with pharyngeal microbiota, intestinal microbiota was more predictive of cell motility, cellular processes and signal transduction, endocrine system, excretory system, immune system, metabolic diseases, nervous system, and transcription parameters (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The composition and diversity of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota of neonates are not significantly different at birth. The microbiota of these two ecological niches begin to differentiate and gradually exhibit distinct functions over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Juan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | | | | | - Ming-Yu You
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu-Han Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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23
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Tsounis EP, Triantos C, Konstantakis C, Marangos M, Assimakopoulos SF. Intestinal barrier dysfunction as a key driver of severe COVID-19. World J Virol 2023; 12:68-90. [PMID: 37033148 PMCID: PMC10075050 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i2.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal lumen harbors a diverse consortium of microorganisms that participate in reciprocal crosstalk with intestinal immune cells and with epithelial and endothelial cells, forming a multi-layered barrier that enables the efficient absorption of nutrients without an excessive influx of pathogens. Despite being a lung-centered disease, severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects multiple systems, including the gastrointestinal tract and the pertinent gut barrier function. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can inflict either direct cytopathic injury to intestinal epithelial and endothelial cells or indirect immune-mediated damage. Alternatively, SARS-CoV-2 undermines the structural integrity of the barrier by modifying the expression of tight junction proteins. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 induces profound alterations to the intestinal microflora at phylogenetic and metabolomic levels (dysbiosis) that are accompanied by disruption of local immune responses. The ensuing dysregulation of the gut-lung axis impairs the ability of the respiratory immune system to elicit robust and timely responses to restrict viral infection. The intestinal vasculature is vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2-induced endothelial injury, which simultaneously triggers the activation of the innate immune and coagulation systems, a condition referred to as “immunothrombosis” that drives severe thrombotic complications. Finally, increased intestinal permeability allows an aberrant dissemination of bacteria, fungi, and endotoxin into the systemic circulation and contributes, to a certain degree, to the over-exuberant immune responses and hyper-inflammation that dictate the severe form of COVID-19. In this review, we aim to elucidate SARS-CoV-2-mediated effects on gut barrier homeostasis and their implications on the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios P Tsounis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Christos Konstantakis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Markos Marangos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Stelios F Assimakopoulos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
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24
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with the incidence of changes in intestinal health. Cigarette smoking, as one of the major causes of COPD, can have an impact on the gastrointestinal system and promotes intestinal diseases. This points to the existence of gut-lung interactions, however, an overview of the underlying mechanisms of the bidirectional connection between the lungs and the gut in COPD is lacking. The interaction between the lungs and the gut can occur through circulating inflammatory cells and mediators. Moreover, gut microbiota dysbiosis, observed in both COPD and intestinal disorders, can lead to a disturbed mucosal environment, including the intestinal barrier and immune system, and hence, may negatively affect both the gut and the lungs. Furthermore, systemic hypoxia and oxidative stress that occurs in COPD may also be involved in intestinal dysfunction and play a role in the gut-lung axis. This review summarizes data from clinical research, animal models and in vitro studies that may explain the possible mechanisms of gut-lung interactions associated with COPD. Interesting observations on the possibility of promising future add-on therapies for intestinal dysfunction in COPD patients will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Utrecht University Faculty of Science, 84889, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yang Cai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Johan Garssen
- Utrecht University, Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht , Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paul A J Henricks
- Utrecht University Faculty of Science, 84889, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Utrecht university, Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Utrecht University, Pharmacology, Utrecht, Netherlands;
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25
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Knoll RL, Jarquín-Díaz VH, Klopp J, Kemper A, Hilbert K, Hillen B, Pfirrmann D, Simon P, Bähner V, Nitsche O, Gehring S, Markó L, Forslund SK, Poplawska K. Resilience and stability of the CF- intestinal and respiratory microbiome during nutritional and exercise intervention. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:44. [PMID: 36803565 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired respiratory and intestinal microbiome composition is linked to cystic fibrosis lung disease severity. In people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), regular exercise is recommended to delay disease progression and preserve a stable lung function. An optimal nutritional status is vital for best clinical outcomes. Our study investigated whether regular and monitored exercise and nutritional support promotes CF microbiome health. METHODS A personalized nutrition and exercise program promoted nutritional intake and physical fitness in 18 pwCF for 12 months. Throughout the study, patients performed strength and endurance training monitored by a sports scientist via an internet platform. After three months, food supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG was introduced. Nutritional status and physical fitness were assessed before the study started, after three and nine months. Sputum and stool were collected, and microbial composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Sputum and stool microbiome composition remained stable and highly specific to each patient during the study period. Disease-associated pathogens dominated sputum composition. Lung disease severity and recent antibiotic treatment had the highest impact on taxonomic composition in stool and sputum microbiome. Strikingly, the long-term antibiotic treatment burden had only a minor influence. CONCLUSION Despite the exercise and nutritional intervention, respiratory and intestinal microbiomes proved to be resilient. Dominant pathogens drove the composition and functionality of the microbiome. Further studies are required to understand which therapy could destabilize the dominant disease-associated microbial composition of pwCF.
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Tovani-Palone MR, Pedersini P. Potential role of the microbiome in liver injury during COVID-19: Further research is needed. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:503-507. [PMID: 36688015 PMCID: PMC9850931 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i3.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although different studies have associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with the occurrence of liver injury, the hepatic injury route during the COVID-19 course is not yet fully understood. In order to better understand the mechanisms of the disease, the human gut microbiota has been the subject of extensive discussion in the context of COVID-19 pathophysiology. However, many questions remain, including the risks of liver injury due to COVID-19 specific populations. Further research in this field could allow the discovery of new personalized treatment strategies aimed at improving the microbiota composition, thereby reducing COVID-19 severity and its complications in different populations. In this article, we discussed basic mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and recent evidence on the relationship between COVID-19, the gut microbiome and liver injury as well as proposed recommendations for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India
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27
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McQuade RM, Bandara M, Diwakarla S, Sahakian L, Han MN, Al Thaalibi M, Di Natale MR, Tan M, Harwood KH, Schneider-Futschik EK, Jarnicki A. Gastrointestinal consequences of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:57-74. [PMID: 36322182 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory inflammation is the body's response to lung infection, trauma or hypersensitivity and is often accompanied by comorbidities, including gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Why respiratory inflammation is accompanied by GI dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation on intestinal barrier integrity, tight-junctions, enteric neurons and inflammatory marker expression. METHODS Female C57bl/6 mice (6-8 weeks) were intratracheally administered LPS (5 µg) or sterile saline, and assessed after either 24 or 72 h. Total and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were used to evaluate lung inflammation. Intestinal barrier integrity was assessed via cross sectional immunohistochemistry of tight junction markers claudin-1, claudin-4 and EpCAM. Changes in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and inflammation in the intestine were quantified immunohistochemically using neuronal markers Hu + and nNOS, glial markers GFAP and S100β and pan leukocyte marker CD45. RESULTS Intratracheal LPS significantly increased the number of neutrophils in BALF at 24 and 72 h. These changes were associated with an increase in CD45 + cells in the ileal mucosa at 24 and 72 h, increased goblet cell expression at 24 h, and increased expression of EpCAM at 72 h. LPS had no effect on the expression of GFAP, S100β, nor the number of Hu + neurons or proportion of nNOS neurons in the myenteric plexus. CONCLUSIONS Intratracheal LPS administration induces inflammation in the ileum that is associated with enhanced expression of EpCAM, decreased claudin-4 expression and increased goblet cell density, these changes may contribute to systemic inflammation that is known to accompany many inflammatory diseases of the lung.
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28
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Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus has infected millions of people around the world with a surge in transmission and mortality rates. Although it is a respiratory viral infection that affects airway epithelial cells, a diverse set of complications, including cytokine storm, gastrointestinal disorders, neurological distress, and hyperactive immune responses have been reported. However, growing evidence indicates that the bidirectional crosstalk of the gut-lung axis can decipher the complexity of the disease. Though not much research has been focused on the gut-lung axis microbiome, there is a translocation of COVID-19 infection from the lung to the gut through the lymphatic system resulting in disruption of gut permeability and its integrity. It is believed that detailed elucidation of the gut-lung axis crosstalk and the role of microbiota can unravel the most significant insights on the discovery of diagnosis using microbiome-based-therapeutics for COVID-19. This review calls attention to relate the influence of dysbiosis caused by COVID-19 and the involvement of the gut-lung axis. It presents first of its kind details that concentrate on the momentousness of biotics in disease progression and restoration. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya S
- Department of Bioinformatics, Stella Maris College, Chennai, India.,Centre for Advanced Studies in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Gunasekaran K
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Anita Margret A
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Neag MA, Vulturar DM, Gherman D, Burlacu CC, Todea DA, Buzoianu AD. Gastrointestinal microbiota: A predictor of COVID-19 severity? World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6328-6344. [PMID: 36533107 PMCID: PMC9753053 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i45.6328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, has raised serious concerns worldwide over the past 3 years. The severity and clinical course of COVID-19 depends on many factors (e.g., associated comorbidities, age, etc) and may have various clinical and imaging findings, which raises management concerns. Gut microbiota composition is known to influence respiratory disease, and respiratory viral infection can also influence gut microbiota. Gut and lung microbiota and their relationship (gut-lung axis) can act as modulators of inflammation. Modulating the intestinal microbiota, by improving its composition and diversity through nutraceutical agents, can have a positive impact in the prophylaxis/treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Adriana Neag
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania
| | - Damiana-Maria Vulturar
- Department of Pneumology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400332, Romania
| | - Diana Gherman
- Department of Radiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400347, Romania
| | - Codrin-Constantin Burlacu
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400347, Romania
| | - Doina Adina Todea
- Department of Pneumology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400332, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania
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Shi C, Zhou L, Li H, Shi X, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Zhu H, Chen D. Intestinal microbiota metabolizing Houttuynia cordata polysaccharides in H1N1 induced pneumonia mice contributed to Th17/Treg rebalance in gut-lung axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:288-302. [PMID: 36084869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus is intricately linked to dysregulation of gut microbiota and host immunity. Previous study revealed that Houttuynia cordata polysaccharides (HCP) exert the therapeutic effect on influenza A virus inducing lung and intestine damage via regulating pulmonary and intestinal mucosal immunity. However, whether this result was due to the regulation of gut microbiota in the gut-lung axis remains unclear. Here, we firstly found that the elimination of gut microbiota using antibiotic cocktails led to both loss of the protective effect of HCP on intestine and lung injury, and reduction of the efficacy on regulating Th17/Treg balance in gut-lung axis. Fecal microbiota transplantation study confirmed that the gut microbiota fermented with HCP under pathological conditions (H1N1 infection) was responsible for reducing pulmonary and intestinal injury. Moreover, the interaction of HCP and gut microbiota under pathological conditions exhibited not only much more abundant gut microbial diversity, but also higher content of the acetate. Our results demonstrated that the underlying mechanism to ameliorate viral pneumonia in mice involving Th17/Treg rebalance via the gut microbiota and HCP metabolite (acetate) metabolized in pneumonia mice. Our results provided a new insight for macromolecular polysaccharides through targeting intestinal microenvironment reducing distant pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Shi
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lishuang Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunlong Shi
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China.
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31
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He Q, Shi Y, Tang Q, Xing H, Zhang H, Wang M, Chen X. Herbal medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 based on the gut-lung axis. Acupunct Herb Med 2022; 2:172-183. [PMID: 37808350 PMCID: PMC9746256 DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory symptoms are most commonly experienced by patients in the early stages of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, with a better understanding of COVID-19, gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting have attracted increasing attention. The gastrointestinal tract may be a target organ of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The intestinal microecological balance is a crucial factor for homeostasis, including immunity and inflammation, which are closely related to COVID-19. Herbal medicine can restore intestinal function and regulate the gut flora structure. Herbal medicine has a long history of treating lung diseases from the perspective of the intestine, which is called the gut-lung axis. The physiological activities of guts and lungs influence each other through intestinal flora, microflora metabolites, and mucosal immunity. Microecological modulators are included in the diagnosis and treatment protocols for COVID-19. In this review, we demonstrate the relationship between COVID-19 and the gut, gut-lung axis, and the role of herbal medicine in treating respiratory diseases originating from the intestinal tract. It is expected that the significance of herbal medicine in treating respiratory diseases from the perspective of the intestinal tract could lead to new ideas and methods for treatment. Graphical abstract http://links.lww.com/AHM/A33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Wang
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University/SU Biomedicine, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Rosa L, Cutone A, Conte MP, Campione E, Bianchi L, Valenti P. An overview on in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of lactoferrin: its efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Biometals 2022; 36:417-436. [PMID: 35920949 PMCID: PMC9362590 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the absolute and indisputable relevance and efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the rapid transmission, the severity of infection, the absence of the protection on immunocompromised patients, the propagation of variants, the onset of infection and/or disease in vaccinated subjects and the lack of availability of worldwide vaccination require additional antiviral treatments. Since 1987, lactoferrin (Lf) is well-known to possess an antiviral activity related to its physico-chemical properties and to its ability to bind to both heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) of host cells and/or surface components of viral particles. In the present review, we summarize in vitro and in vivo studies concerning the efficacy of Lf against DNA, RNA, enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Recent studies have revealed that the in vitro antiviral activity of Lf is also extendable to SARS-CoV-2. In vivo, Lf oral administration in early stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection counteracts COVID-19 pathogenesis. In particular, the effect of Lf on SARS-CoV-2 entry, inflammatory homeostasis, iron dysregulation, iron-proteins synthesis, reactive oxygen formation, oxidative stress, gut-lung axis regulation as well as on RNA negativization, and coagulation/fibrinolysis balance will be critically reviewed. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms underneath, including the Lf binding to HSPGs and spike glycoprotein, will be disclosed and discussed. Taken together, present data not only support the application of the oral administration of Lf alone in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients or as adjuvant of standard of care practice in symptomatic ones but also constitute the basis for enriching the limited literature on Lf effectiveness for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Rosa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Antimo Cutone
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Conte
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Wang J, Luo L, Zhao X, Xue X, Liao L, Deng Y, Zhou M, Peng C, Li Y. Forsythiae Fructuse extracts alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice by regulating PPAR-γ/RXR-α in lungs and colons. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 293:115322. [PMID: 35483561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Forsythiae Fructuse (FF), the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, is used as a traditional Chinese medicine that has been reported to exert good anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of many lung diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of FF in the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) based on gut-lung axis. MATERIALS AND METHODS ALI model was established by the intratracheal instillation of 5 mg/kg LPS in ICR mice. Mice were administered intragastrically with dexamethasone (DEX), and low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose of FF extracts (LFF, MFF and HFF) in addition to the mice of control (CON) and model (MOD) groups. Pathological observation and inflammation scoring of lung tissues were based on HE staining. Limulus lysate assay was used to detect endotoxin levels in serum. Western blot and Real-time quantitative PCR were respectively applied to detect the protein and mRNA expressions in both lung and colon tissues. RESULTS Lung pathological injury, inflammatory score and inflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) could be effectively suppressed by FF in LPS-induced ALI mice. FF also increased the proteins of epithelial markers (E-cadherin, ZO-1 and Claudin-1) in lung and colon tissues, and decreased colonic inflammatory genes for protecting the epithelial barriers of lung and colon. The protein expression of TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway in lung and colon was significantly inhibited by FF via the regulation of PPAR-γ, a nuclear hormone receptor that forms the heterodimer with RXR-α to inhibit inflammatory gene transcription. More specifically, FF promoted the upregulation of protein, phosphorylated proteins and genes of PPAR-γ/RXR-α in lungs, while inhibited the protein overexpression and phosphorylation of PPAR-γ/RXR-α in colons. CONCLUSIONS FF exhibited anti-inflammatory effects and protected the epithelial barriers in lungs and colons by regulating PPAR-γ/RXR-α in the treatment of LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mengting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Wang Z, Liu J, Li F, Luo Y, Ge P, Zhang Y, Wen H, Yang Q, Ma S, Chen H. The gut-lung axis in severe acute Pancreatitis-associated lung injury: The protection by the gut microbiota through short-chain fatty acids. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106321. [PMID: 35752356 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota in regulating the intestinal homeostasis, as well as the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury (PALI) is widely recognized. The bioactive functions of metabolites with small molecule weight and the detail molecular mechanisms of PALI mediated by "gut-lung axis" have gradually raised the attentions of researchers. Several studies have proved that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbiome play crucial roles and varied activities in the process of PALI. However, relevant reviews reporting SCFAs in the involvement of PALI is lacking. In this review, we firstly introduced the synthetic and metabolic pathways of SCFAs, as well as the transport and signal transduction routes in brief. Afterwards, we focused on the possible mechanisms and clues of SCFAs to participate in the fight against PALI which referred to the inhibition of pathogen proliferation, anti-inflammatory effects, enhancement of intestinal barrier functions, and the maintenance and regulation of immune homeostasis via pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In addition, the latest reported pathological and physiological mechanisms of the gut-lung axis involved in PALI were reviewed. Finally, we summarized the potential therapeutic interventions of PALI by targeting SCFAs, including dietary fiber supplementation, direct supplementation of SCFAs/prebiotics/probiotics, and drugs administration, which is expected to provide new sights for clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Haiyun Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Shurong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China.
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China.
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Jia Y, He T, Wu D, Tong J, Zhu J, Li Z, Dong J. The treatment of Qibai Pingfei Capsule on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be mediated by Th17/Treg balance and gut-lung axis microbiota. Lab Invest 2022; 20:281. [PMID: 35729584 PMCID: PMC9210581 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a prevalent, progressive respiratory disease, has become the third leading cause of death globally. Increasing evidence suggests that intestinal and pulmonary microbiota dysbiosis is associated with COPD. Researchers have shown that T helper (Th) 17/regulatory T (Treg) imbalance is involved in COPD. Qibai Pingfei Capsule (QBPF) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat COPD clinically in China. However, the effects of QBPF intervention on the Th17/Treg balance and microbiota in the gut and lung are still poorly understood. METHODS This study divided the rats into three groups (n = 8): control, model, and QBPF group. After establishing the model of COPD for four weeks and administering of QBPF for two weeks, Th17 cells, Treg cells, their associated cytokines, transcription factors, and intestinal and pulmonary microbiota of rats were analyzed. Furthermore, the correlations between intestinal and pulmonary microbiota and between bacterial genera and pulmonary function and immune function were measured. RESULTS The results revealed that QBPF could improve pulmonary function and contribute to the new balance of Th17/Treg in COPD rats. Meanwhile, QBPF treatment could regulate the composition of intestinal and pulmonary microbiota and improve community structure in COPD rats, suppressing the relative abundance of Coprococcus_2, Prevotella_9, and Blautia in the gut and Mycoplasma in the lung, but accumulating the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae_UCG_003 in the gut and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group in the lung. Additionally, gut-lung axis was confirmed by the significant correlations between the intestinal and pulmonary microbiota. Functional analysis of microbiota showed amino acid metabolism was altered in COPD rats in the gut and lung. Spearman correlation analysis further enriched the relationship between the microbiota in the gut and lung and pulmonary function and immune function in COPD model rats. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that the therapeutic effects of QBPF may be achieved by maintaining the immune cell balance and regulating the gut-lung axis microbiota, providing references to explore the potential biomarkers of COPD and the possible mechanism of QBPF to treat COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jia
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tiantian He
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Control on Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 117, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiabing Tong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Control on Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 117, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Control on Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 117, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Zegeng Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Control on Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 117, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Bhattacharya SS, Yadav B, Rosen L, Nagpal R, Yadav H, Yadav JS. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and lung inflammation in murine toxicity models of respiratory exposure or co-exposure to carbon nanotube particles and cigarette smoke extract. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022;:116066. [PMID: 35595072 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are emerging environmental and occupational toxicants known to induce lung immunotoxicity. While the underlying mechanisms are evolving, it is yet unknown whether inhaled CNTs would cause abnormalities in gut microbiota (dysbiosis), and if such microbiota alteration plays a role in the modulation of CNT-induced lung immunotoxicity. It is also unknown whether co-exposure to tobacco smoke will modulate CNT effects. We compared the effects of lung exposure to multi-wall CNT, cigarette smoke extract (CSE), and their combination (CNT + CSE) in a 4-week chronic toxicity mouse model. The exposures induced differential perturbations in gut microbiome as evidenced by altered microbial α- and β- diversity, indicating a lung-to-gut communication. The gut dysbiosis due to CNTs, unlike CSE, was characterized by an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio typically associated with proinflammatory condition. Notably, while all three exposures reduced Proteobacteria, the CNT exposure and co-exposure induced appearance of Tenericutes and Cyanobacteria, respectively, implicating them as potential biomarkers of exposure. CNTs differentially induced certain lung proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL2, CXCL5) whereas CNTs and CSE commonly induced other mediators (CXCL1 and TGF-β). The co-exposure showed either a component-dominant effect or a summative effect for both dysbiosis and lung inflammation. Depletion of gut microbiota attenuated both the differentially-induced and commonly-induced (TGF-β) lung inflammatory mediators as well as granulomas implying gut-to-lung communication and a modulatory role of gut dysbiosis. Taken together, the results demonstrated gut dysbiosis as a systemic effect of inhaled CNTs and provided the first evidence of a bidirectional gut-lung crosstalk modulating CNT lung immunotoxicity.
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Mousavi SE, Delgado-Saborit JM, Adivi A, Pauwels S, Godderis L. Air pollution and endocrine disruptors induce human microbiome imbalances: A systematic review of recent evidence and possible biological mechanisms. Sci Total Environ 2022; 816:151654. [PMID: 34785217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A rich body of literature indicates that environmental factors interact with the human microbiome and influence its composition and functions contributing to the pathogenesis of diseases in distal sites of the body. This systematic review examines the scientific evidence on the effect of environmental toxicants, air pollutants and endocrine disruptors (EDCs), on compositional and diversity of human microbiota. Articles from PubMed, Embase, WoS and Google Scholar where included if they focused on human populations or the SHIME® model, and assessed the effects of air pollutants and EDCs on human microbiome. Non-human studies, not written in English and not displaying original research were excluded. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of individual studies. Results were extracted and presented in tables. 31 studies were selected, including 24 related to air pollutants, 5 related to EDCs, and 2 related to EDC using the SHIME® model. 19 studies focussed on the respiratory system (19), gut (8), skin (2), vaginal (1) and mammary (1) microbiomes. No sufficient number of studies are available to observe a consistent trend for most of the microbiota, except for streptococcus and veillionellales for which 9 out of 10, and 3 out of 4 studies suggest an increase of abundance with exposure to air pollution. A limitation of the evidence reviewed is the scarcity of existing studies assessing microbiomes from individual systems. Growing evidence suggests that exposure to environmental contaminants could change the diversity and abundance of resident microbiota, e.g. in the upper and lower respiratory, gastrointestinal, and female reproductive system. Microbial dysbiosis might lead to colonization of pathogens and outgrowth of pathobionts facilitating infectious diseases. It also might prime metabolic dysfunctions disrupting the production of beneficial metabolites. Further studies should elucidate the role of environmental pollutants in the development of dysbiosis and dysregulation of microbiota-related immunological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Esmaeil Mousavi
- Department of Water and Wastewater Treatment, Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers (Design & Research), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Juana Maria Delgado-Saborit
- Perinatal Epidemiology, Environmental Health and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Anna Adivi
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Sara Pauwels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment & Health, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment & Health, KU Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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Xavier-Santos D, Padilha M, Fabiano GA, Vinderola G, Gomes Cruz A, Sivieri K, Costa Antunes AE. Evidences and perspectives of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as adjuvants for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis and systematic review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022; 120:174-192. [PMID: 35002079 PMCID: PMC8720301 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease transmitted by the virus responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which exhibit several clinical manifestations including gastrointestinal symptoms. SCOPE AND APPROACH This review aimed to provide insights and perspectives for the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as adjuvants for prevention/treatment and/or modulation of the microbiota in COVID-19 patients. Eighty-four studies published in the Scopus database from the onset of the pandemic until December 2021 were assessed and submitted to a bibliometric analysis adapted from VOSviewer software. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Through bibliometric analysis, it might be suggested that the modulation of the gut/lung microbiome is promising as an adjuvant for the prevention/treatment of COVID-19 patients, due to immunomodulation properties related to probiotics and prebiotics. So far, few clinical studies involving the application of probiotics in COVID-19 patients have been completed, but reduction in the duration of the disease and the severity of symptoms as fatigue, olfactory dysfunction and breathlessness, nausea and vomiting and other gastrointestinal symptoms were some of the main findings. However, probiotics are not recommended to immunocompromised patients in corticosteroid therapy. The future perspectives point to the modulation of the intestinal microbiota by probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics represent a promising adjuvant approach for improving the health of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Xavier-Santos
- School of Applied Sciences (FCA), State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Zip Code 13484-350, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Padilha
- Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Zip Code 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Alexandre Fabiano
- School of Applied Sciences (FCA), State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Zip Code 13484-350, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral, Santiago Del Estero 2829, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Adriano Gomes Cruz
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), 121/125 Senador Furtado St, Zip Code 20270-021, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Katia Sivieri
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km 1, Zip Code 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriane Elisabete Costa Antunes
- School of Applied Sciences (FCA), State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Zip Code 13484-350, Limeira, SP, Brazil,Corresponding author
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Biliński J, Winter K, Jasiński M, Szczęś A, Bilinska N, Mullish BH, Małecka-Panas E, Basak GW. Rapid resolution of COVID-19 after faecal microbiota transplantation. Gut 2022; 71:230-232. [PMID: 34230217 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Biliński
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland .,Human Biome Institute, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Winter
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Jasiński
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Szczęś
- Department of Internal Medicine, Poviat Specialist Hospital in Stalowa Wola, Stalowa Wola, Poland
| | - Natalia Bilinska
- Department of Pediatric Gatroenterology and Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Benjamin H Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ewa Małecka-Panas
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz W Basak
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.,Human Biome Institute, Gdańsk, Poland
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Popple SJ, Burrows K, Mortha A, Osborne LC. Remote regulation of type 2 immunity by intestinal parasites. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101530. [PMID: 34802872 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal tract is the target organ of most parasitic infections, including those by helminths and protozoa. These parasites elicit prototypical type 2 immune activation in the host's immune system with striking impact on the local tissue microenvironment. Despite local containment of these parasites within the intestinal tract, parasitic infections also mediate immune adaptation in peripheral organs. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how such gut-tissue axes influence important immune-mediated resistance and disease tolerance in the context of coinfections, and elaborate on the implications of parasite-regulated gut-lung and gut-brain axes on the development and severity of airway inflammation and central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Popple
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K Burrows
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L C Osborne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Shah T, Shah Z, Baloch Z, Cui X. The role of microbiota in respiratory health and diseases, particularly in tuberculosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112108. [PMID: 34560539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of beneficial and hostile microorganisms live in the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, which act as gatekeepers in maintaining human health, i.e., protecting the body from pathogens by colonizing mucosal surfaces with microbiota-derived antimicrobial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids or host-derived cytokines and chemokines. It is widely accepted that the microbiome interacts with each other and with the host in a mutually beneficial relationship. Microbiota in the respiratory tract may also play a crucial role in immune homeostasis, maturation, and maintenance of respiratory physiology. Anti-TB antibiotics may cause dysbiosis in the lung and intestinal microbiota, affecting colonization resistance and making the host more susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the lung microbiota composition, the lungs and intestinal microbiota related to respiratory health and diseases, microbiome sequencing and analysis, the bloodstream, and the lymphatic system that underpin the gut-lung axis in M. tuberculosis-infected humans and animals. We also discuss the gut-lung axis interactions with the immune system, the role of the microbiome in TB pathogenesis, and the impact of anti-TB antibiotic therapy on the microbiota in animals, humans, and drug-resistant TB individuals.
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal and respiratory tract diseases often occur together. There are many overlapping pathologies, leading to the concept of the ‘gut–lung axis’ in which stimulation on one side triggers a response on the other side. This axis appears to be implicated in infections involving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has triggered the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in which respiratory symptoms of fever, cough and dyspnoea often occur together with gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Besides the gut–lung axis, it should be noted that the gut participates in numerous axes which may affect lung function, and consequently the severity of COVID-19, through several pathways. This article focuses on the latest evidence and the mechanisms that drive the operation of the gut–lung axis, and discusses the interaction between the gut–lung axis and its possible involvement in COVID-19 from the perspective of microbiota, microbiota metabolites, microbial dysbiosis, common mucosal immunity and angiotensin-converting enzyme II, raising hypotheses and providing methods to guide future research on this new disease and its treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Qiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education.
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Santacroce L, Man A, Charitos IA, Haxhirexha K, Topi S. Current knowledge about the connection between health status and gut microbiota from birth to elderly. A narrative review. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2021; 26:135-148. [PMID: 34162042 DOI: 10.52586/4930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The human body is colonized from the birth by a large number of microorganisms. This will constitute a real "functional microbial organ" that is fundamental for homeostasis and therefore for health in humans. Those microorganisms. The microbial populations that colonize humans creating a specific ecosystem they have been collectively referred to as "human microbiota" or "human normal microflora". The microbiota play an important pathophysiological role in the various locations of the human body. This article focuses on one of the most important, that is the enteric microbiota. The composition (quantitative and qualitative) of microbes is analyzed in relation to age and environment during the course of human life. It also highlights eubiosis and dysbiosis as key terms for its role in health and disease. Finally, it analyzes its bi-directional relationship with the microbiota of the lungs, skin and that of the brain, and consequently for the whole central and peripheral nervous system for the maintenance of health in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Adrian Man
- Department of Microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540003 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Emergency/Urgent Department - National Poisoning Center, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, 85025 Foggia, Italy
| | - Kastriot Haxhirexha
- Medical Faculty, Clinical Hospital of Tetovo, University of Tetovo, 1230 Tetovo, North Macedonia
| | - Skender Topi
- School of Technical Medical Sciences, "Alexander Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, 3001-3006 Elbasan, Albania
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Gasmi A, Tippairote T, Mujawdiya PK, Peana M, Menzel A, Dadar M, Benahmed AG, Bjørklund G. The microbiota-mediated dietary and nutritional interventions for COVID-19. Clin Immunol 2021; 226:108725. [PMID: 33845194 PMCID: PMC8032598 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, scientists are looking for specific treatment for COVID-19. Apart from the antiviral approach, the interventions to support healthy immune responses to the virus are feasible through diet, nutrition, and lifestyle approaches. This narrative review explores the recent studies on dietary, nutritional, and lifestyle interventions that influence the microbiota-mediated immunomodulatory effects against viral infections. Cumulative studies reported that the airway microbiota and SARS-CoV-2 leverage each other and determine the pathogen-microbiota-host responses. Cigarette smoking can disrupt microbiota abundance. The composition and diversification of intestinal microbiota influence the airway microbiota and the innate and adaptive immunity, which require supports from the balance of macro- and micronutrients from the diet. Colorful vegetables supplied fermentable prebiotics and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant phytonutrients. Fermented foods and beverages support intestinal microbiota. In sensitive individuals, the avoidance of the high immunoreactive food antigens contributes to antiviral immunity. This review suggests associations between airway and intestinal microbiota, antiviral host immunity, and the influences of dietary, nutritional, and lifestyle interventions to prevent the clinical course toward severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Torsak Tippairote
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Thailand Institute for Functional Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway.
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Tachalov VV, Orekhova LY, Kudryavtseva TV, Loboda ES, Pachkoriia MG, Berezkina IV, Golubnitschaja O. Making a complex dental care tailored to the person: population health in focus of predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medical approach. EPMA J 2021; 12:129-140. [PMID: 33897916 PMCID: PMC8053896 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An evident underestimation of the targeted prevention of dental diseases is strongly supported by alarming epidemiologic statistics globally. For example, epidemiologists demonstrated 100% prevalence of dental caries in the Russian population followed by clinical manifestation of periodontal diseases. Inadequately provided oral health services in populations are caused by multi-factorial deficits including but not limited to low socio-economic status of affected individuals, lack of insurance in sub-populations, insufficient density of dedicated medical units. Another important aspect is the “participatory” medicine based on the active participation of population in maintaining oral health: healthcare will remain insufficient as long as the patient is not motivated and does not feel responsible for their oral health. To this end, nearly half of chronically diseased people do not comply with adequate medical services suffering from severely progressing pathologies. Noteworthy, the prominent risk factors and comorbidities linked to the severe disease course and poor outcomes in COVID-19-infected individuals, such as elderly, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, are frequently associated with significantly altered oral microbiome profiles, systemic inflammatory processes and poor oral health. Suggested pathomechanisms consider potential preferences in the interaction between the viral particles and the host microbiota including oral cavity, the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Since an aspiration of periodontopathic bacteria induces the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and production of inflammatory cytokines in the lower respiratory tract, poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease have been proposed as leading to COVID-19 aggravation. Consequently, the issue-dedicated expert recommendations are focused on the optimal oral hygiene as being crucial for improved individual outcomes and reduced morbidity under the COVID-19 pandemic condition. Current study demonstrated that age, gender, socio-economic status, quality of environment and life-style, oral hygiene quality, regularity of dental services requested, level of motivation and responsibility for own health status and corresponding behavioural patterns are the key parameters for the patient stratification considering person-tailored approach in a complex dental care in the population. Consequently, innovative screening programmes and adapted treatment schemes are crucial for the complex person-tailored dental care to improve individual outcomes and healthcare provided to the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. V. Tachalov
- Therapeutic Dentistry and Periodontology Department, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 6/8 Lva Tolstogo Street, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L. Y. Orekhova
- Therapeutic Dentistry and Periodontology Department, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 6/8 Lva Tolstogo Street, St. Petersburg, Russia
- City Periodontology Centre, “PAKS”, Dobrolubova prospect, 27, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T. V. Kudryavtseva
- Therapeutic Dentistry and Periodontology Department, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 6/8 Lva Tolstogo Street, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. S. Loboda
- City Periodontology Centre, “PAKS”, Dobrolubova prospect, 27, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. G. Pachkoriia
- Therapeutic Dentistry and Periodontology Department, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 6/8 Lva Tolstogo Street, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I. V. Berezkina
- Therapeutic Dentistry and Periodontology Department, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 6/8 Lva Tolstogo Street, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O. Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Spagnolello O, Pinacchio C, Santinelli L, Vassalini P, Innocenti GP, De Girolamo G, Fabris S, Giovanetti M, Angeletti S, Russo A, Mastroianni CM, Ciccozzi M, Ceccarelli G, d'Ettorre G. Targeting Microbiome: An Alternative Strategy for Fighting SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Chemotherapy 2021; 66:24-32. [PMID: 33756475 PMCID: PMC8089442 DOI: 10.1159/000515344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms are the predominant clinical manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Infecting intestinal epithelial cells, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 may impact on host's microbiota and gut inflammation. It is well established that an imbalanced intestinal microbiome can affect pulmonary function, modulating the host immune response ("gut-lung axis"). While effective vaccines and targeted drugs are being tested, alternative pathophysiology-based options to prevent and treat COVID-19 infection must be considered on top of the limited evidence-based therapy currently available. Addressing intestinal dysbiosis with a probiotic supplement may, therefore, be a sensible option to be evaluated, in addition to current best available medical treatments. Herein, we summed up pathophysiologic assumptions and current evidence regarding bacteriotherapy administration in preventing and treating COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Spagnolello
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Pinacchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Vassalini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella De Girolamo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- COVID-19 Unit, Azienda Policlinico "Umberto I" University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Fabris
- Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Biomedical Campus, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Biomedical Campus, Rome, Italy
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Biomedical Campus, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- COVID-19 Unit, Azienda Policlinico "Umberto I" University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio M Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- COVID-19 Unit, Azienda Policlinico "Umberto I" University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Biomedical Campus, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
- COVID-19 Unit, Azienda Policlinico "Umberto I" University Hospital, Rome, Italy,
- Migrant and Global Health Research Organization (Mi-HeRo), Rome, Italy,
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- COVID-19 Unit, Azienda Policlinico "Umberto I" University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Wu X, Xia Y, He F, Zhu C, Ren W. Intestinal mycobiota in health and diseases: from a disrupted equilibrium to clinical opportunities. Microbiome 2021; 9:60. [PMID: 33715629 PMCID: PMC7958491 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi establish a complex ecosystem in the gut. Like other microbiota, gut mycobiota plays an indispensable role in modulating intestinal physiology. Notably, the most striking characteristics of intestinal fungi are their extraintestinal functions. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the importance of gut fungi in the regulation of intestinal, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, pancreatic, and brain functions, and we present possible opportunities for the application of gut mycobiota to alleviate/treat human diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Fang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
| | - Congrui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS USA
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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Wang F, Pan B, Xu S, Xu Z, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Bao Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Xu C, Xue X. A meta-analysis reveals the effectiveness of probiotics and prebiotics against respiratory viral infection. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20203638. [PMID: 33604601 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20203638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental experience suggests that microbial agents including probiotics and prebiotics (representative microbial agents) play a critical role in defending against respiratory virus infection. We aim to systematically examine these agents' effect on respiratory viral infection and encourage research into clinical applications. An electronic literature search was conducted from published data with a combination of a microbial agents search component containing synonyms for microbial agents-related terms and a customized search component for respiratory virus infection. Hazard ratio (HR), risk ratio (RR) and standard deviation (SD) were employed as effect estimates. In 45 preclinical studies, the mortality rates decreased in the respiratory viral infection models that included prebiotics or prebiotics as interventions (HR: 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56-0.87; P=0.002). There was a significant decrease in viral load due to improved gut microbiota (SD: -1.22; 95% CI: -1.50 to -0.94; P<0.001). Concentrations of interferon (IFN)-α (SD: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.33-1.77; P=0.004), IFN-γ (SD: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.01-1.65; P=0.05) and interleukin (IL)-12 (SD: 2.42; 95% CI: 0.32-4.52; P=0.02), IL-1β (SD: 0.01; 95% CI: -0.37 to 0.40; P=0.94) increased, whereas those of TNF-α (SD: -0.58; 95% CI: -1.59 to 0.43; P=0.26) and IL-6 (SD: -0.59; 95% CI: -1.24 to 0.07; P=0.08) decreased. Six clinical studies had lower symptom scores (SD: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.44 to 0.26; P=0.61) and less incidence of infection (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.64-1.01; P=0.06). Our research indicates that probiotics and prebiotics pose a defensive possibility on respiratory viral infection and may encourage the clinical application.
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49
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Saint-Criq V, Lugo-Villarino G, Thomas M. Dysbiosis, malnutrition and enhanced gut-lung axis contribute to age-related respiratory diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101235. [PMID: 33321253 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Older people are at an increased risk of developing respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or lung infections. Susceptibility to these diseases is partly due to the intrinsic ageing process, characterized by genomic, cellular and metabolic hallmarks and immunosenescence, and is associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota. Importantly, in the lungs, ageing is also associated with a dysbiosis and loss of resilience of the resident microbiota and alterations of the gut-lung axis. Notably, as malnutrition is often observed in the elderly, nutrition is one of the most accessible modifiable factors affecting both senescence and microbiota. This article reviews the changes affecting the lung and its resident microbiota during ageing, as well as the interconnections between malnutrition, senescence, microbiota, gut-lung axis and respiratory health. As the communication along the gut-lung axis becomes more permissive with ageing, this review also explores the evidence that the gut and lung microbiota are key players in the maintenance of healthy lungs, and as such, are potential targets for nutrition-based preventive strategies against lung disease in elderly populations.
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Chhibber-Goel J, Gopinathan S, Sharma A. Interplay between severities of COVID-19 and the gut microbiome: implications of bacterial co-infections? Gut Pathog 2021; 13:14. [PMID: 33632296 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an acute respiratory distress syndrome and is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. The SARS-CoV-2 has been traced not only in nasopharyngeal and mid-nasal swabs but also in stool and rectal swabs of COVID-19 patients. The gut microbiota is important for an effective immune response as it ensures that unfavorable immune reactions in lungs and other vital organs are regulated. The human gut-lung microbiota interplay provides a framework for therapies in the treatment and management of several pulmonary diseases and infections. Here, we have collated data from COVID-19 studies, which suggest that bacterial co-infections as well as the gut-lung cross talk may be important players in COVID-19 disease prognosis. Our analyses suggests a role of gut microbiome in pathogen infections as well as in an array of excessive immune reactions during and post COVID-19 infection recovery period.
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