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Wang J, Liu Y, Zuo C, Zhang J, Liang W, Liu Y, Yu W, Yu H, Peng C. Different origins and processing methods affect the intrinsic quality of ginger: a novel approach to evaluating ginger quality. Front Chem 2023; 11:1296712. [PMID: 38025052 PMCID: PMC10667423 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1296712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roce.) is a widely consumed food item and a prominent traditional Chinese medicinal herb. The intrinsic quality of ginger may differ due to variations in its origin and processing techniques. To evaluate the quality of ginger, a straightforward and efficient discriminatory approach has been devised, utilizing 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol as benchmarks. Methods: In order to categorize ginger samples according to their cultivated origins with different longitude and latitude (Shandong, Anhui, and Yunnan provinces in China) and processing methods (liquid nitrogen pulverization, ultra-micro grinding, and mortar grinding), similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed. Furthermore, there was a quantitative determination of the significant marker compounds gingerols, which has considerable impact on maintaining quality control and distinguishing ginger products accurately. Moreover, discrimination analysis (DA) was utilized to further distinguish and classify samples with unknown membership degrees based on the eigenvalues, with the aim of achieving optimal discrimination between groups. Results: The findings obtained from the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data revealed that the levels of various gingerols present in all samples exhibited significant variations. The study confirmed that the quality of ginger was primarily influenced by its origin and processing method, with the former being the dominant factor. Notably, the sample obtained from Anhui province and subjected to liquid nitrogen pulverization demonstrated the highest content of gingerols. Conclusion: The results obtained from the analysis of SA, HCA, PCA, and DA were consistent and could be employed to evaluate the quality of ginger. As such, the combination of HPLC fingerprints and chemo metric techniques provided a dependable approach for comprehensively assessing the quality and processing of ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- A School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- A School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chijing Zuo
- A School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- A School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wanhui Liang
- A School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Liu
- A School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Weidong Yu
- A School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Yu
- A School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou, China
| | - Can Peng
- A School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Rural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Modern Chinese Medicine Industry Common Technology Research Center, Heifei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Heifei, Anhui, China
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Díaz-Peña LF, Daniela TO, Aguilar MB, Luis E, Lazcano-Pérez F, Arreguín-Espinosa R, Hernandez-Cruz A, Ibarra-Alvarado C, García-Arredondo A. A subfraction obtained from the venom of the tarantula Poecilotheria regalis contains inhibitor cystine knot peptides and induces relaxation of rat aorta by inhibiting L-type voltage-gated calcium channels. Toxicon X 2023; 18:100151. [PMID: 36873112 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2023.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Venoms from tarantulas contain low molecular weight vasodilatory compounds whose biological action is conceived as part of the envenomation strategy due to its propagative effects. However, some properties of venom-induced vasodilation do not match those described by such compounds, suggesting that other toxins may cooperate with these ones to produce the observed biological effect. Owing to the distribution and function of voltage-gated ion channels in blood vessels, disulfide-rich peptides isolated from venoms of tarantulas could be conceived into potential vasodilatory compounds. However, only two peptides isolated from spider venoms have been investigated so far. This study describes for the first time a subfraction containing inhibitor cystine knot peptides, PrFr-I, obtained from the venom of the tarantula Poecilotheria regalis. This subfraction induced sustained vasodilation in rat aortic rings independent of vascular endothelium and endothelial ion channels. Furthermore, PrFr-I decreased calcium-induced contraction of rat aortic segments and reduced extracellular calcium influx to chromaffin cells by the blockade of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels. This mechanism was unrelated to the activation of potassium channels from vascular smooth muscle, since vasodilation was not affected in the presence of TEA, and PrFr-I did not modify the conductance of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv10.1. This work proposes a new envenomating function of peptides from venoms of tarantulas, and establishes a new mechanism for venom-induced vasodilation.
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Key Words
- ACh, acetylcholine
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- Cav, voltage-gated calcium channel
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium
- DRP, disulfide-rich peptide
- EC50, half maximal effective concentration
- Emax, maximum effect
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- ICK peptide
- ICK, inhibitor cystine knot
- IKCa, intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel
- Kv, voltage-gated potassium channel
- L-type calcium voltage-gated calcium
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer
- MALDI, matrix-assisted desorption ionization
- Nav, voltage-gated sodium channel
- Phe, phenylephrine
- Poecilotheria regalis, venom
- RP, reverse phase
- Rat aorta
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SKCa, small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel
- SNP, sodium nitroprusside
- TEA, tetraethylammonium
- TOF, time of flight
- TRP, transient receptor potential
- Vasodilation
- Vh, holding-voltage
- endothelium-intact (E+), endothelium-denuded (E−)
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Chen YL, Chen CY, Lai KH, Chang YC, Hwang TL. Anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities of flavone C-glycosides of Lophatherum gracile for COVID-19. J Funct Foods 2023; 101:105407. [PMID: 36627926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lophatherum gracile (L. gracile) has long been used as a functional food and herbal medicine. Previous studies have demonstrated that extracts of L. gracile attenuate inflammatory response and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication; however, the underlying active constituents have yet to be identified. This study investigated the bioactive components of L. gracile. Flavone C-glycosides of L. gracile were found to dominate both anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. A simple chromatography-based method was developed to obtain flavone C-glycoside-enriched extract (FlavoLG) from L. gracile. FlavoLG and its major flavone C-glycoside isoorientin were shown to restrict respiratory bursts and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in activated human neutrophils. FlavoLG and isoorientin were also shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection by interfering with the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike on ACE2. These results provide scientific evidence indicating the efficacy of L. gracile as a potential supplement for treating neutrophil-associated COVID-19.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- CB, cytochalasin B
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- Flavone C-glycosides
- HBSS, Hank’s balanced salt solution
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentration
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- LG, Lophatherum gracile
- Lophatherum gracile
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- NETs, neutrophil extracellular traps
- Neutrophils
- O2•−, superoxide
- RBD, receptor-binding domain
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- UPLC, ultra-performance liquid chromatography
- fMLF, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine
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Jin W, Fan X, Jiang C, Liu Y, Zhu K, Miao X, Jiang P. Characterization of non-volatile and volatile flavor profiles of Coregonus peled meat cooked by different methods. Food Chem X 2023; 17:100584. [PMID: 36845502 PMCID: PMC9945421 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different cooking methods on non-volatile flavor (free amino acids, 5'-nucleotides, and organic acids, etc.) of Coregonus peled meat. The volatile flavor characteristics were also analyzed by electric nose and gas chromatography-ion migration spectrometry (GC-IMS). The results indicated that the content of flavor substances in C. peled meat varied significantly. The electronic tongue results indicated that the richness and umami aftertaste of roasting were significantly greater. The content of sweet free amino acids, 5'-nucleotides, and organic acids was also higher in roasting group. Electronic nose principal component analysis can distinguish C. peled meat cooked (the first two components accounted for 98.50% and 0.97%, respectively). A total of 36 volatile flavor compounds were identified among different groups, including 16 aldehydes, 7 olefine aldehydes, 6 alcohols, 4 ketones, and 3 furans. In general, roasting was recommended and gave more flavor substances in C. peled meat.
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Key Words
- AMP, adenosine 5′-monophosphate
- Coregonus peled
- DT, drift time
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FAAs, free amino acids
- Flavor compounds
- GC-IMS, gas chromatography-ion migration spectrometry
- GC-MS, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry
- GC-O-MS, gas chromatograph-olfactometry-mass spectrometry
- GMP, guanosine 5′-monophosphate
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- ICP-MS, Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer
- IMP, inosine 5′-monophosphate
- LAV, laboratory analytical viewer
- ND, not detected
- PCA, principal component analysis
- RI, retention index
- SIM, selected-ion monitoring
- TAV, taste active value
- Taste extracts
- Thermal treatments
- UPLC, ultra-performance liquid chromatography
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources of Shaanxi Province, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Xinru Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Caiyan Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xiaoqing Miao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning, Dalian 116034, China,Corresponding author.
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Jurić S, Bureš MS, Vlahoviček-Kahlina K, Stracenski KS, Fruk G, Jalšenjak N, Bandić LM. Chitosan-based layer-by-layer edible coatings application for the preservation of mandarin fruit bioactive compounds and organic acids. Food Chem X 2023; 17:100575. [PMID: 36845493 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The layer-by-layer application of biopolymeric coatings to mandarin fruits as a postharvest treatment to improve fruit coating efficacy has been reported. A single 1 % (w/v) chitosan application was evaluated, and polyelectrolyte complexes such as 1.5 % (w/v) alginate/chitosan, 1 % (w/v) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/chitosan, and 0.2 % (w/v) locust bean gum/chitosan were applied to mandarin fruits. The quality of coated mandarin fruits was observed at temperatures: 20 ± 2 °C (up to 10 days) and 5 °C (up to 28 days). Changes in the fruit metabolism were observed by evaluating bioactive compounds (polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids), antioxidant activity, and organic acids during the preservation of mandarin fruits. All of the tested combinations of layer-by-layer coatings significantly impacted the quality of mandarin fruits throughout storage, both at room temperature and cold storage, respectively. The overall best performance was observed for a layer-by-layer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/chitosan coating in terms of visual aspects, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and organic acids content.
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Key Words
- ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
- AC, alginate/chitosan-coated mandarins
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Bioactive compounds
- C, chitosan single-coated mandarins
- CIE, International Commission on Illumination
- CS, Cold storage
- Chitosan
- Ctrl, control
- DAD, diode-array detector
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- Edible coatings
- GC, locust bean gum/chitosan-coated mandarins
- HC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/chitosan-coated mandarins
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- KMO, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy
- LbL, Layer-by-Layer
- Mandarin fruit
- Organic acids
- PCA, Principal component analysis
- Polyelectrolyte complex
- RT, Room temperature
- TA, Titratable acidity
- TF, Total flavonoids
- TPC, Total polyphenolic content
- TSS, Total soluble solids
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Xiang N, Qi X, Hu J, Wang S, Guo X. l-Tryptophan synergistically increased carotenoid accumulation with blue light in maize ( Zea mays L.) sprouts. Food Chem (Oxf) 2023; 6:100161. [PMID: 36691663 PMCID: PMC9860360 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2023.100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, l-tryptophan was applied in combination with blue light to modulate carotenoid biosynthesis in maize sprouts. The profiles of carotenoids, chlorophylls, and relative genes in carotenoid biosynthesis and light signaling pathways were studied. l-tryptophan and blue light both promoted the accumulation of carotenoids, and their combination further increased carotenoid content by 120%. l-tryptophan exerted auxin-like effects and stimulated PSY expression in blue light exposure maize sprouts, resulting in increased α- and β- carotenes. l-tryptophan could also play a photoprotective role through the xanthophyll cycle under blue light. In addition, CRY in the light signaling pathway was critical for carotenoid biosynthesis. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis and l-tryptophan could be used in conjunction with blue light to fortify carotenoids in maize sprouts.
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Key Words
- Blue light
- CHYB, beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase
- CHYE, carotenoid epsilon hydroxylase
- COP1, constitutive photomorphogenic 1
- CRTISO, carotenoid isomerase
- CRY, cryptochrome
- Carotenoid
- FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- FKF1, flavin-binding kelch repeat F-box protein 1
- GGDP, Geranylgeranyl diphosphate
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HY5, protein long hypocotyl 5
- LCYB, lycopene beta-cyclase
- LCYE, lycopene epsilon-cyclase
- LUT5, LUTEIN DEFICIENT 5
- Light signal
- Maize sprouts
- NXD1, NEOXANTHIN-DEFICIENT 1
- NXS, neoxanthin synthase
- OCP, Orange Carotenoid Protein
- PDS, 15-cis-phytoene desaturase
- PHOT1, phototropin 1
- PIF, phytochrome-interacting factor
- PSY, 15-cis-phytoene synthase
- VDE, violaxanthin de-epoxidase
- Z-ISO, zeta-carotene isomerase
- ZDS, zeta-carotene desaturase
- ZEP, zeaxanthin epoxidase
- l-Tryptophan
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xitao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianguang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siyun Wang
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Corresponding author.
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Rutledge AC, Johnston A, Booth RA, Veljkovic K, Bailey D, Vandenberghe H, Waite G, Allen LC, Don-Wauchope A, Chan PC, Stemp J, Edmond P, Leung V, Aslan B. Lot verification practices in Ontario clinical chemistry laboratories - Results of a patterns-of-practice survey. Pract Lab Med 2022; 32:e00300. [PMID: 36035320 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2022.e00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Verifying new reagent or calibrator lots is crucial for maintaining consistent test performance. The Institute for Quality Management in Healthcare (IQMH) conducted a patterns-of-practice survey and follow-up case study to collect information on lot verification practices in Ontario. Methods The survey had 17 multiple-choice questions and was distributed to 183 licensed laboratories. Participants provided information on materials used and approval/rejection criteria for their lot verification procedures for eight classes of testing systems. The case study provided a set of lot comparison data and was distributed to 132 laboratories. Responses were reviewed by IQMH scientific committees. Results Of the 175 laboratories that responded regarding reagent lot verifications, 74% verified all tests, 11% some, and 15% none. Of the 171 laboratories that responded regarding calibrator lot verifications, 39% verified all calibrators, 4% some, and 57% none. Reasons for not performing verifications ranged from difficulty performing parallel testing to high reagent cost. For automated chemistry assays and immunoassays, 23% of laboratories did not include patient-derived materials in reagent lot verifications and 42% included five to six patient materials; 58% of laboratories did not include patient-derived materials in calibrator lot verifications and 23% included five to six patient materials. Different combinations of test-specific rules were used for acceptance criteria. For a failed lot, 98% of laboratories would investigate further and take corrective actions. Forty-three percent of laboratories would accept the new reagent lot in the case study. Conclusion Responses to the survey and case study demonstrated variability in lot verification practices among laboratories. Surveyed laboratories verified new reagent lots more commonly than calibrator lots. Quality control material was used more than patient material for lot verifications. Quality control results with a new lot were compared most to 2 standard deviations. Percent difference was used most to assess patient material results between lots. Laboratories need feasible guidelines on reagent and calibrator lot verifications.
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Key Words
- CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
- Calibrator
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- GC, gas chromatography
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IQMH, Institute for Quality Management in Healthcare
- ISO, International Organization for Standardization
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- Lot number
- PT, proficiency testing
- QC, quality control
- RIA, radioimmunoassay
- Reagent
- TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone
- Verification
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Sakaki JR, Provatas AA, Perkins C, Chun OK. Urinary excretion of estrogenic chemicals following consumption of capsule coffee and French press coffee: A crossover study. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:728-734. [PMID: 36518418 PMCID: PMC9742817 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coffee brewed from capsules contain estrogenic chemicals (ECs) that may harm the reproductive system. However, there are no studies investigating whether consuming capsule coffee causes these ECs to present in urine. Objective Compare the effects of consuming capsule coffee vs. a plastic-free (French press) method on the appearance of ECs in urine. Methods Participants (n = 30) were randomized to consume 540 mL of capsule or French press coffee once, then switched and consumed the other coffee after washout. Urine samples were collected prior to consumption, at 6 h and 24 h. Coffee and urine samples were analyzed for nine ECs using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry: bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), benzophenone, 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), dibutyl phthalate, caprolactam and dimethyl terephthalate. Results In coffee samples, BPF (French press: 13.9 ng/mL, capsule: 16.1 ng/mL) and DEHP (capsule: 1.12 ng/mL) were present. In 6 h urine samples, the detection frequency for DEHP was 6.7% in capsule and 13.3% in French press coffee. BPF was detected in only one urine sample post-consumption. Conclusion Consuming capsule coffee did not increase urinary EC exposure compared to consuming French press coffee.
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Key Words
- 4-NP, 4-nonylphenol
- BP, benzophenone
- BPA, bisphenol A
- BPF, bisphenol F
- BPS, bisphenol S
- Capsule
- Coffee
- DBP, dibutyl phthalate
- DEHP, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
- DMTP, dimethyl terephthalate
- EC, estrogenic chemical
- Estrogenic chemical
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Intervention
- LOD, limit of detection
- Plastic
- UPLC-MS/MS, ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi R. Sakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 27 Manter Rd., Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Anthony A. Provatas
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 3107 Horsebarn Hill Rd., Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Christopher Perkins
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 3107 Horsebarn Hill Rd., Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 27 Manter Rd., Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Chen Q, Li Q, Liang Y, Zu M, Chen N, Canup BS, Luo L, Wang C, Zeng L, Xiao B. Natural exosome-like nanovesicles from edible tea flowers suppress metastatic breast cancer via ROS generation and microbiota modulation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:907-923. [PMID: 35256954 PMCID: PMC8897038 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several artificial nanotherapeutics have been approved for practical treatment of metastatic breast cancer, their inefficient therapeutic outcomes, serious adverse effects, and high cost of mass production remain crucial challenges. Herein, we developed an alternative strategy to specifically trigger apoptosis of breast tumors and inhibit their lung metastasis by using natural nanovehicles from tea flowers (TFENs). These nanovehicles had desirable particle sizes (131 nm), exosome-like morphology, and negative zeta potentials. Furthermore, TFENs were found to contain large amounts of polyphenols, flavonoids, functional proteins, and lipids. Cell experiments revealed that TFENs showed strong cytotoxicities against cancer cells due to the stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification. The increased intracellular ROS amounts could not only trigger mitochondrial damage, but also arrest cell cycle, resulting in the in vitro anti-proliferation, anti-migration, and anti-invasion activities against breast cancer cells. Further mice investigations demonstrated that TFENs after intravenous (i.v.) injection or oral administration could accumulate in breast tumors and lung metastatic sites, inhibit the growth and metastasis of breast cancer, and modulate gut microbiota. This study brings new insights to the green production of natural exosome-like nanoplatform for the inhibition of breast cancer and its lung metastasis via i.v. and oral routes.
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Key Words
- AF633, Alexa Fluor 633-labeled phalloidin
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN, urea nitrogen
- Breast cancer
- CDK, CYCLIN-dependent kinase
- CRE, creatinine
- DAF-FM DA, 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein diacetate
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DCFH-DA, dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate
- DGDG, digalactosyl diacylglycerols
- DHE, dihydroethidium
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DiO, 3,3′-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate
- DiR, 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′′,3′-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide
- EC, epicatechin
- ECG, epicatechin gallate
- EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate
- Exosome-like nanoparticle
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- H&E, Hematoxylin & Eosin
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Intravenous injection
- LC‒MS, liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- MGDG, monogalactosyl diacylglycerols
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- Metastasis
- Microbiota modulation
- NO, nitrogen monoxide
- NPs, nanoparticles
- OUT, operational taxonomic unit
- Oral administration
- PA, phosphatidic acids
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PC, phosphatidylcholines
- PDI, polydispersity index
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamines
- PG, phosphatidylglycerol
- PI, phosphatidylinositol
- PLT, platelets
- PMe, phosphatidylmethanol
- PS, phosphatidylserine
- RBC, red blood cell
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS generation
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SA, superoxide anion
- SQDG, sulphoquinovosyl diylyceride
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TFENs, exosome-like NPs from tea flowers
- TG, triglyceride
- TUNEL, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-end labeling
- Tea flower
- WBC, white blood cell
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Zhang Q, Chen Y, Ni D, Huang Z, Wei J, Feng L, Su JC, Wei Y, Ning S, Yang X, Zhao M, Qiu Y, Song K, Yu Z, Xu J, Li X, Lin H, Lu S, Zhang J. Targeting a cryptic allosteric site of SIRT6 with small-molecule inhibitors that inhibit the migration of pancreatic cancer cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:876-889. [PMID: 35256952 PMCID: PMC8897208 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 belongs to the conserved NAD+-dependent deacetylase superfamily and mediates multiple biological and pathological processes. Targeting SIRT6 by allosteric modulators represents a novel direction for therapeutics, which can overcome the selectivity problem caused by the structural similarity of orthosteric sites among deacetylases. Here, developing a reversed allosteric strategy AlloReverse, we identified a cryptic allosteric site, Pocket Z, which was only induced by the bi-directional allosteric signal triggered upon orthosteric binding of NAD+. Based on Pocket Z, we discovered an SIRT6 allosteric inhibitor named JYQ-42. JYQ-42 selectively targets SIRT6 among other histone deacetylases and effectively inhibits SIRT6 deacetylation, with an IC50 of 2.33 μmol/L. JYQ-42 significantly suppresses SIRT6-mediated cancer cell migration and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. JYQ-42, to our knowledge, is the most potent and selective allosteric SIRT6 inhibitor. This study provides a novel strategy for allosteric drug design and will help in the challenging development of therapeutic agents that can selectively bind SIRT6.
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Key Words
- ADPr, ADP-ribose
- Allosteric inhibitor
- BSA, bull serum albumin
- CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit-8
- Cell migration
- Cytokine production
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FDL, Fluor de Lys
- H3K18, histone 3 lysine 18
- H3K56, histone 3 lysine 56
- H3K9, histone 3 lysine 9
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, half-maximum inhibitory concentration
- IPTG, isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside
- MD, molecular dynamics
- Molecular dynamics simulations
- NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NAM, nicotinamide
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
- PMSF, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
- Pancreatic cancer
- RMSD, root-mean-square deviation
- RT-qPCR, real-time quantitative PCR
- Reversed allostery
- SDS-PAGE, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SIRT6
- SIRT6, sirtuin 6
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar S Björnsson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Victor J Navarro
- Department of Medicine, Einstein Health Care Network, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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12
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Smy L, Kushnir MM, Frank EL. A high sensitivity LC-MS/MS method for measurement of 3-methoxytyramine in plasma and associations between 3-methoxytyramine, metanephrines, and dopamine. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2021; 21:19-26. [PMID: 34820673 PMCID: PMC8601001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
3-methoxytyramine (3MT) aids diagnosis of dopamine-producing tumors and metastases. A sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method was developed to measure 3MT in plasma. 3MT was elevated in 46% of samples with elevated metanephrine and normetanephrine. 3MT concentrations correlated the strongest with normetanephrine concentrations.
Introduction Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) is aided by the measurement of metanephrine (MN) and normetanephrine (NMN). Research suggests that 3-methoxytyramine (3MT), a dopamine (DA) metabolite, may serve as a biomarker of metastasis in patients with paraganglioma. Considering the very low endogenous plasma 3MT concentrations (<0.1 nM), highly sensitive and specific methods for 3MT are needed. Methods We developed a simple method for measurement of 3MT. Sample preparation was performed using solid phase micro-extraction with the eluates injected directly onto the LC-MS/MS. Data acquisition was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode with an instrumental analysis time of 3 min per sample. We evaluated the method’s performance and analyzed samples from healthy individuals and pathological specimens. Results The limit of quantitation and upper limit of linearity were 0.03 nM and 20 nM, respectively. The intra-/inter-day imprecision for pooled plasma samples at concentrations of 0.04 nM, 0.2 nM, and 2 nM was 10.7%/18.3%, 4.5%/8.9%, and 3.1%/0.9%, respectively. Among samples with MN, NMN, or both MN and NMN above the reference intervals (RIs), 0%, 16% and 46%, respectively, showed 3MT greater than the proposed upper RI value of 0.1 nM; 12% of samples with DA above the RI had 3MT above 0.1 nM. Conclusions The developed method allowed accurate quantitation of 3MT in patient samples and would provide valuable information to clinicians diagnosing or monitoring patients with PPGL. High 3MT concentrations in patient samples with MN and NMN within the respective RIs may alert clinicians of the possibility of a DA-producing tumor.
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Key Words
- 3-Methoxytryamine
- 3MT, 3-methoxytyramine
- 3MT-d4, deuterated 3-methoxytyramine
- CE, collision energy
- CI, confidence interval
- COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase
- CV, coefficient of variation
- CXP, collision cell exit potential
- DA, dopamine
- DBH, dopamine-β-hydroxylase
- DP, declustering potential
- Dopamine
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- HCl, hydrochloride
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IQR, interquartile range
- IS, internal standard
- LC-MS/MS, liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- LOQ, limit of quantification
- Liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- MAO, monoamine oxidase
- MN, metanephrine
- MN-d3, deuterated metanephrine
- NMN, normetanephrine
- NMN-d3, deuterated normetanephrine
- PPGL, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
- Paraganglioma
- Pheochromocytoma
- Plasma
- RI, reference interval
- SD, standard deviation
- SDHx, succinate dehydrogenase genes
- SPE, solid phase extraction
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Smy
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health School of Medicine, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Mark M Kushnir
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Frank
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health School of Medicine, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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Wang Z, Fu W, Huo M, He B, Liu Y, Tian L, Li W, Zhou Z, Wang B, Xia J, Chen Y, Wei J, Abliz Z. Spatial-resolved metabolomics reveals tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming in diabetic nephropathy by using mass spectrometry imaging. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3665-77. [PMID: 34900545 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed knowledge on tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is vital for more accurate understanding the molecular pathological signature and developing novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, a spatial-resolved metabolomics approach based on air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (AFADESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) integrated mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was proposed to investigate tissue-specific metabolic alterations in the kidneys of high-fat diet-fed and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated DN rats and the therapeutic effect of astragaloside IV, a potential anti-diabetic drug, against DN. As a result, a wide range of functional metabolites including sugars, amino acids, nucleotides and their derivatives, fatty acids, phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerides, carnitine and its derivatives, vitamins, peptides, and metal ions associated with DN were identified and their unique distribution patterns in the rat kidney were visualized with high chemical specificity and high spatial resolution. These region-specific metabolic disturbances were ameliorated by repeated oral administration of astragaloside IV (100 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. This study provided more comprehensive and detailed information about the tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming and molecular pathological signature in the kidney of diabetic rats. These findings highlighted the promising potential of AFADESI and MALDI integrated MSI based metabolomics approach for application in metabolic kidney diseases.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AFADESI, air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization
- AGEs, advanced glycation end products
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMPK, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase
- AST, astragaloside IV
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Astragaloside IV
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CL, cardiolipin
- Cre, creatinine
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DESI, desorption electrospray ionization
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DN, diabetic nephropathy
- DPA, docosapentaenoic acid
- Diabetic nephropathy
- ESKD, end-stage kidney disease
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- GLU, glucose
- GMP, guanosine monophosphate
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin
- LysoPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- LysoPG, lysophosphatidylglycerol
- MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MSI, mass spectrometry imaging
- Mass spectrometry imaging
- Metabolic reprogramming
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- Na-CMC, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PG, phosphatidylglycerol
- PPP, pentose phosphate pathway
- PS, phosphatidylserine
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- ROI, regions of interest
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SDH, succinate dehydrogenase
- SGLTs, sodium-glucose cotransporters
- SM, sphingomyelin
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Spatial-resolved metabolomics
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- TCHO, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- UMP, uridine monophosphate
- VIP, variable importance in projection
- p-AMPK, phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase
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Li Q, Wu W, Chen H, Fang X, Han Y, Xie M, Gao H. In vitro fecal fermentation characteristics of bamboo shoot ( Phyllostachys edulis) polysaccharide. Food Chem X 2021; 11:100129. [PMID: 34585136 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shoot polysaccharide (BSP) on the human gut microbiota composition and volatile metabolite components were investigated by in vitro fermentation. After fermentation for 48 h, BSP utilization reached 40.29% and the pH of the fermentation solution decreased from 6.89 to 4.57. Moreover, the total short-chain fatty acid concentration significantly (P < 0.05) increased from 13.46 mM (0 h) to 43.20 mM (48 h). 16S rRNA analysis revealed several differences in the gut microbiota community structure of the BSP-treated and water-treated (control) cultures. In the BSP group, the abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria was significantly increased, while that of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria significantly decreased. Moreover, the concentrations of benzene, its substituted derivatives, and carbonyl compounds in the volatile metabolites of the BSP-treated group decreased, while that of organic acids significantly increased after 48 h of fermentation. These results demonstrate that BSP improves gastrointestinal health.
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Key Words
- 16S rRNA
- ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance
- BSDF, bamboo shoot dietary fibre
- BSP, bamboo shoot polysaccharide
- GC, gas chromatography
- HPGPC, high-performance gel permeation chromatography
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Intestinal microbiota
- MS, mass spectrometry
- Microflora
- PCA, principal component analysis
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
- SCFA, short-chain fatty acid
- Short-chain fatty acid
- TLC, thin-layer chromatography
- Volatile metabolite
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15
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Gu J, Sim BR, Li J, Yu Y, Qin L, Wu L, Shen Y, Nie Y, Zhao YL, Xu Y. Evolutionary coupling-inspired engineering of alcohol dehydrogenase reveals the influence of distant sites on its catalytic efficiency for stereospecific synthesis of chiral alcohols. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5864-5873. [PMID: 34815831 PMCID: PMC8572861 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has attracted much attention due to its ability to catalyze the synthesis of important chiral alcohol pharmaceutical intermediates with high stereoselectivity. ADH protein engineering efforts have generally focused on reshaping the substrate-binding pocket. However, distant sites outside the pocket may also affect its activity, although the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The current study aimed to apply evolutionary coupling-inspired engineering to the ADH CpRCR and to identify potential mutation sites. Through conservative analysis, phylogenic analysis and residues distribution analysis, the co-evolution hotspots Leu34 and Leu137 were confirmed to be highly evolved under the pressure of natural selection and to be possibly related to the catalytic function of the protein. Hence, Leu34 and Leu137, far away from the active center, were selected for mutation. The generated CpRCR-L34A and CpRCR-L137V variants showed high stereoselectivity and 1.24-7.81 fold increase in k cat /K m value compared with that of the wild type, when reacted with 8 aromatic ketones or β-ketoesters. Corresponding computational study implied that L34 and L137 may extend allosteric fluctuation in the protein structure from the distal mutational site to the active site. Moreover, the L34 and L137 mutations modified the pre-reaction state in multiple ways, in terms of position of the hydride with respect to the target carbonyl. These findings provide insights into the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme and facilitate its regulation from the perspective of the site interaction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Byu Ri Sim
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, MOE-LSB & MOE-LSC, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yangqing Yu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lunjie Wu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yao Nie
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Suqian Industrial Technology Research Institute of Jiangnan University, Suqian 223814, China
| | - Yi-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, MOE-LSB & MOE-LSC, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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16
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Wang Z, Yang L, Zhao XE. Co-crystallization and structure determination: An effective direction for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4684-4701. [PMID: 34426762 PMCID: PMC8373586 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Safer and more-effective drugs are urgently needed to counter infections with the highly pathogenic SARS-CoV-2, cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. Identification of efficient inhibitors to treat and prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection is a predominant focus. Encouragingly, using X-ray crystal structures of therapeutically relevant drug targets (PLpro, Mpro, RdRp, and S glycoprotein) offers a valuable direction for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery and lead optimization through direct visualization of interactions. Computational analyses based primarily on MMPBSA calculations have also been proposed for assessing the binding stability of biomolecular structures involving the ligand and receptor. In this study, we focused on state-of-the-art X-ray co-crystal structures of the abovementioned targets complexed with newly identified small-molecule inhibitors (natural products, FDA-approved drugs, candidate drugs, and their analogues) with the assistance of computational analyses to support the precision design and screening of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
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Key Words
- 3CLpro, 3C-Like protease
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- Candidate drugs
- Co-crystal structures
- DyKAT, dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation
- EBOV, Ebola virus
- EC50, half maximal effective concentration
- EMD, Electron Microscopy Data
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FDA-approved drugs
- HCoV-229E, human coronavirus 229E
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- MD, molecular dynamics
- MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- MMPBSA, molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area
- MTase, methyltransferase
- Mpro, main protease
- Natural products
- Nsp, nonstructural protein
- PDB, Protein Data Bank
- PLpro, papain-like protease
- RTP, ribonucleoside triphosphate
- RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
- SAM, S-adenosylmethionine
- SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SI, selectivity index
- Ugi-4CR, Ugi four-component reaction
- cryo-EM, cryo-electron microscopy
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Liyan Yang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Xian-En Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
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Alehaideb Z, Matou-Nasri S. Determination of benchmark doses for linear furanocoumarin consumption associated with inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 isoenzyme activity in healthy human adults. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1437-44. [PMID: 34377680 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of individuals globally consume traditional herbal medicines (THMs), which contain abundant amounts of linear furanocoumarins. Linear furanocoumarins (i.e., 8-methoxypsoralen, 5-methoxypsoralen, and isopimpinellin) are inhibitors of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes including 1A2, a major enzyme involved in drug metabolism and carcinogen bioactivation. Despite the high consumption of furanocoumarin-containing THMs, no studies have measured the furanocoumarin consumption level that triggers an inhibition to CYP1A2 activity in humans. The first objective was to verify if the potencies of the three furanocoumarins are additive towards the inhibition of CYP1A2 activity in vitro using concentration-addition and whole-mixture chemical-mixture-assessment models. A second objective was to determine the benchmark dose (BMD) with the mixtures of furanocoumarin oral doses, expressed as 8-MOP equivalents, and to assess the in vivo CYP1A2 activity, expressed as inhibition percentages. The in vitro results indicated that the three furanocoumarin inhibitory potencies were additive in the THM extracts, validating the use of the concentration-addition model in total furanocoumarin dose-equivalent calculations. Using the USEPA BMD software, the BMD was 18.9 μg 8-MOP equivalent/kg body weight. This information is crucial for furanocoumarin-related health-assessment studies and the regulation of THMs. Further studies should be performed for the remaining major metabolic enzymes to complete the safety profile of furanocoumarin-containing THMs and to provide accurate warning labelling.
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Key Words
- 5-MOP, 5-methoxypsoralen
- 8-MOP, 8-methoxypsoralen
- AIC, Akaike’s information criterion
- BMD, benchmark dose
- BMDL, BMD lower bound
- BMDS, BMD software
- BMDU, BMD upper bound
- BMR, benchmark response
- Benchmark dose
- CA, concentration-addition model
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- Caffeine
- Cytochrome 1A2 enzyme
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- Furanocoumarin
- HLM, human liver microsomes
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, concentration at 50 % inhibition
- ISOP, isopimpinellin
- LOAEL, lowest-observed-adverse-effect level
- Metabolism
- NADPH, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen
- NOAEL, no-observed-adverse-effect level
- POD, point-of-departure
- RPF, relative potency factor
- SD, standard deviation
- TCL, treated clearance
- THM, traditional herbal medicine
- Traditional herbal medicines
- UCL, untreated clearance
- USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency
- WM, whole-mixture model
- log10, common log
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Boroduske A, Jekabsons K, Riekstina U, Muceniece R, Rostoks N, Nakurte I. Wild Sambucus nigra L. from north-east edge of the species range: A valuable germplasm with inhibitory capacity against SARS-CoV2 S-protein RBD and hACE2 binding in vitro. Ind Crops Prod 2021; 165:113438. [PMID: 33753964 PMCID: PMC7969829 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Berries and flowers of Sambucus nigra L. tree are well known for their ability to mitigate symptoms of upper respiratory disorders related to reported antiviral properties. Industrial application and commercial cultivation of S. nigra is largely limited to a few widely grown cultivars. Restricted genetic diversity of cultivated S. nigra can be disadvantageous if new industrial applications are discovered. In this study wild S. nigra populations located on the north-east edge of the species natural range were explored by assessing genetic origin, berry and flower anti-oxidative potential, and berry rutin content. Best performing wild S. nigra extracts were selected for an assessment of previously unreported biological activity- inhibitory capacity against SARS-CoV2 S1 protein receptor binding domain (RBD) binding to recombinant human angiotensin -converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in vitro based on competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker-based genetic characterization suggested that explored wild S. nigra populations result from wild gene pool expanding northwards with admixture of historically introduced cultivated S. nigra. Average values of total phenolic content, anti-radical activity, and total flavonoids content of wild S. nigra populations did not exceed those of cv. 'Haschberg'. Concentration-dependent inhibition of ACE2-SARS-CoV2 S-protein RBD binding was demonstrated in vitro for elderberry fruits and flowers extracts (IC50 of 1.66 mg DW ml-1 and 0.532 mg DW ml-1, respectively). Wild elderberry fruit extract exhibited higher inhibitory capacity than the extract from berries of cv 'Haschberg'. This study validates the requirement for S. nigra wild germplasm bioprospecting and opens up directions for further research of new anti-SARS-CoV2 industrial applications of S. nigra.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2
- Antiviral
- DW, dry weight
- ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- Elderberry flower
- Elderberry fruit
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, the half maximal inhibitory concentration
- ISSR, inter-simple sequence repeat
- PVPP, polyvinylpyrrolidone
- Phytochemistry
- SARS-CoV2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- Sambucus nigra L.
- TEAC, trolox equivalent anti-radical capacity
- TFC, total flavonoid content
- TPCC, total phenolic content
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Affiliation(s)
- Anete Boroduske
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.1, Riga, LV - 1004, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Jekabsons
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.3, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Una Riekstina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.3, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Ruta Muceniece
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.3, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Nils Rostoks
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.1, Riga, LV - 1004, Latvia
| | - Ilva Nakurte
- Institute for Environmental Solutions, "Lidlauks", Priekulu parish, Priekulu county, LV-4126, Latvia
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Iskander-Rizk S, Visscher M, Moerman AM, Korteland SA, Van der Heiden K, Van der Steen AF, Van Soest G. Micro Spectroscopic Photoacoustic (μsPA) imaging of advanced carotid atherosclerosis. Photoacoustics 2021; 22:100261. [PMID: 33854946 PMCID: PMC8027769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven and an inflammatory disease of the artery walls. The composition of atherosclerotic plaque stratifies the risk of a specific plaque to cause a cardiovascular event. In an optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy setup, of 45 μm resolution, we extracted plaque lipid photoacoustic (PA) spectral signatures of human endarterectomy samples in the range of 1150-1240 nm, using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging as a reference. We found plaque PA signals to correlate best with sphingomyelins and cholesteryl esters. PA signal spectral variations within the plaque area were compared to reference molecular patterns and absorption spectra of lipid laboratory standards. Variability in the lipid spectroscopic features extracted by principal component analysis of all samples revealed three distinct components with peaks at: 1164, 1188, 1196 and 1210 nm. This result will guide the development of PA-based atherosclerosis disease staging capitalizing on lipidomics of atherosclerotic tissue.
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Key Words
- Atherosclerosis
- CE, cholesteryl ester
- CEA, carotid endarterectomy
- DG, diacylglycerol
- DHB, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FTICR, fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Lipids
- MALDI-MSI, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging
- Mass spectrometry imaging
- Microscopy
- NIRS, near-infrared spectroscopy
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PCA
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- SM, sphingomyelin
- Spectroscopy
- TG, triacylglycerol
- WREnS, Waters Research Enabled Software suite
- m/z, mass to charge ratio
- μsPA, Micro Spectroscopic Photoacoustic
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gijs Van Soest
- Corresponding author at: Erasmus Medical Center, Ee-2302, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Sakaki JR, Melough MM, Yang CZ, Provatas AA, Perkins C, Chun OK. Estrogenic activity of capsule coffee using the VM7Luc4E2 assay. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:210-216. [PMID: 34345863 PMCID: PMC8320625 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee brewed from capsule machines may contain estrogenic chemicals migrated from plastic, but the estrogenic activity of capsule coffee has not been evaluated. This study evaluated the estrogenic activity of capsule coffee using the VM7Luc4E2 estrogen receptor transcriptional activation assay. Estrogenic potentials of six capsule coffee samples were calculated using relative maximum amplitude response of E2 (>15%RME2 indicative of estrogenic activity) and estradiol equivalent factor (EEF). Estrogenic chemical content was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. All capsule coffee samples possessed estrogenic activity (48-56%RME2). EEFs were 6-7 orders of magnitude lower than that of E2, (1.2 × 10-7-1.7 × 10-6), indicating substantially weaker estrogenic potencies. Bisphenol A, bisphenol F, benzophenone, 4-nonylphenol, dibutyl phthalate, and dimethyl terephthalate were detected in capsule coffee. Capsule coffee exhibited estrogenic activity in vitro, and its estrogenic chemical content is likely driving its estrogenicity, warranting further investigations to fully understand the degree to which they are related and to predict the estrogenic potential based on the concentration of estrogenic chemicals.
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Key Words
- 4-NP, 4-nonylphenol
- BP, benzophenone
- BPA, bisphenol A
- BPF, bisphenol F
- BPS, bisphenol S
- Capsule
- Coffee
- DBP, dibutyl phthalate
- E2, 17β-estradiol
- EEF, estradiol equivalent factor
- EEQ, estradiol equivalent concentration
- Estrogen
- Estrogenic activity
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Plastic
- RLU, relative luminescence units
- RME2, relative maximum amplitude response of E2
- UPLC-MS/MS, ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
- bisphenol A
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi R. Sakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Melissa M. Melough
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Anthony A. Provatas
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Christopher Perkins
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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21
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Lu S, Chen Y, Wei J, Zhao M, Ni D, He X, Zhang J. Mechanism of allosteric activation of SIRT6 revealed by the action of rationally designed activators. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1355-1361. [PMID: 34094839 PMCID: PMC8148055 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of activator compounds binding to an allosteric site on the NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacetylase, sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has attracted interest and presents a pharmaceutical target for aging-related and cancer diseases. However, the mechanism underlying allosteric activation of SIRT6 by the activator MDL-801 remains largely elusive because no major conformational changes are observed upon activator binding. By combining molecular dynamics simulations with biochemical and kinetic analyses of wild-type SIRT6 and its variant M136A, we show that conformational rotation of 2-methyl-4-fluoro-5-bromo substituent on the right phenyl ring (R-ring) of MDL-801, which uncovers previously unseen hydrophobic interactions, contributes to increased activating deacetylation activity of SIRT6. This hypothesis is further supported by the two newly synthesized MDL-801 derivatives through the removal of the 5-Br atom on the R-ring (MDL-801-D1) or the restraint of the rotation of the R-ring (MDL-801-D2). We further propose that the 5-Br atom serves as an allosteric driver that controls the ligand allosteric efficacy. Our study highlights the effect of allosteric enzyme catalytic activity by activator binding and provides a rational approach for enhancing deacetylation activity.
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Key Words
- ADPR, ADP-ribose
- Allosteric driver
- Allosteric mechanisms
- Allosteric sites
- Drug design
- EC50, Effective concentration
- Enzyme catalysis
- FDL, Fluor de Lys
- H3K56, histone 3 lysine 56
- H3K9, histone 3 lysine 9
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- MD, molecular dynamics
- MST, microscale thermophoresis
- Myr-H3K9, myristoyl H3K9
- NAM, nicotinamide
- PCA, principal component analysis
- Protein dynamics
- RMSD, root-mean-square deviation
- SIRT6, sirtuin 6
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Martínez-López AL, González-Navarro CJ, Aranaz P, Vizmanos JL, Irache JM. In vivo testing of mucus-permeating nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model under hyperglycemic conditions. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:989-1002. [PMID: 33996411 PMCID: PMC8105877 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the potential of mucus-permeating nanoparticles for the oral administration of insulin. These nanocarriers, based on the coating of zein nanoparticles with a polymer conjugate containing PEG, displayed a size of 260 nm with a negative surface charge and an insulin payload of 77 μg/mg. In intestinal pig mucus, the diffusivity of these nanoparticles (PPA-NPs) was found to be 20-fold higher than bare nanoparticles (NPs). These results were in line with the biodistribution study in rats, in which NPs remained trapped in the mucus, whereas PPA-NPs were able to cross this layer and reach the epithelium surface. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in Caenorhabditis elegans grown under high glucose conditions. In this model, worms treated with insulin-loaded in PPA-NPs displayed a longer lifespan than those treated with insulin free or nanoencapsulated in NPs. This finding was associated with a significant reduction in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as an important decrease in the glucose and fat content in worms. These effects would be related with the mucus-permeating ability of PPA-NPs that would facilitate the passage through the intestinal peritrophic-like dense layer of worms (similar to mucus) and, thus, the absorption of insulin.
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Key Words
- 1H NMR, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance
- Biodistribution
- Caenorhabditis elegans
- DAPI, 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- Deff, effective diffusion coefficient
- EDC, N-(3-di-methylaminopropyl)-Nʹ-ethylcarbodiimide
- Epithelium
- FT-IR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- FUdR, 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- H2DCF-DA, 2,7′-dichlorodihydro fluorescein diacetate
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- I, insulin
- IIS, insulin/IGF-1 signaling
- Insulin
- Lifespan
- MSD, mean square displacement
- Mucus-permeating
- NGM, nematode growth medium
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Nanoparticles
- ORL, orlistat
- Oral delivery
- PBST, phosphate-buffered saline with triton
- PDI, polydispersity index
- PEG, poly(ethylene glycol)
- PPA, PEG-poly(anhydride) conjugate
- PPA-NPs, PEG-poly(anhydride)-coated zein nanoparticles
- ROS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- THF, tetrahydrofuran
- Zein
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Chang X, Sun D, Shi D, Wang G, Chen Y, Zhang K, Tan H, Liu J, Liu B, Ouyang L. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of quinazolin-4(3 H)-one derivatives co-targeting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and bromodomain containing protein 4 for breast cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:156-180. [PMID: 33532187 PMCID: PMC7838034 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to design the first dual-target small-molecule inhibitor co-targeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) and bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4), which had important cross relation in the global network of breast cancer, reflecting the synthetic lethal effect. A series of new BRD4 and PARP1 dual-target inhibitors were discovered and synthesized by fragment-based combinatorial screening and activity assays that together led to the chemical optimization. Among these compounds, 19d was selected and exhibited micromole enzymatic potencies against BRD4 and PARP1, respectively. Compound 19d was further shown to efficiently modulate the expression of BRD4 and PARP1. Subsequently, compound 19d was found to induce breast cancer cell apoptosis and stimulate cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Following pharmacokinetic studies, compound 19d showed its antitumor activity in breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2 (BRCA1/2) wild-type MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 xenograft models without apparent toxicity and loss of body weight. These results together demonstrated that a highly potent dual-targeted inhibitor was successfully synthesized and indicated that co-targeting of BRD4 and PARP1 based on the concept of synthetic lethality would be a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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Key Words
- BC, breast cancer
- BET, bromodomain and extra-terminal domain
- BRCA1/2, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2
- BRD4
- BRD4, bromodomain 4
- CDK4/6, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6
- DSB, DNA double-strand break
- Dual-target inhibitor
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ESI-HR-MS, high-resolution mass spectra
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I
- HE, hematoxylin-eosin
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HR, homologous recombination
- HRD, homologous recombination deficiency
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- NHEJ, nonhomologous end-joining
- PARP1
- PARP1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1
- PI, propidium iodide
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- PPI, protein−protein interaction
- Quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SOP, standard operation process
- Synthetic lethality
- TCGA, the cancer genome atlas
- TGI, tumor growth inhibition
- TLC, thin-layer chromatography
- TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer
- TR-FRET, time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer.
- shRNA, short hairpin RNA
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie Liu
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817 (Jie Liu), +86 28 85164063 (Bo Liu), +86 28 85503817 (Liang Ouyang).
| | - Bo Liu
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817 (Jie Liu), +86 28 85164063 (Bo Liu), +86 28 85503817 (Liang Ouyang).
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817 (Jie Liu), +86 28 85164063 (Bo Liu), +86 28 85503817 (Liang Ouyang).
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Oh YR, Jang YA, Hong SH, Eom GT. High-level production of maltobionic acid from high-maltose corn syrup by genetically engineered Pseudomonas taetrolens. Biotechnol Rep (Amst) 2020; 28:e00558. [PMID: 33294406 PMCID: PMC7691556 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Maltobionic acid (MBA) has recently emerged as an important material in various industries. Here, we showed that quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) from Pseudomonas taetrolens could convert maltose into MBA by heterologously expressing this enzyme in MBA non-producing Escherichia coli. We homologously expressed GDH in P. taetrolens to improve intracellular maltose-oxidizing activity and MBA production. We optimized culture conditions, then applied these conditions to batch fermentation by recombinant P. taetrolens in a 5-L bioreactor. The MBA production, yield, and productivity of batch fermentation using high-maltose corn syrup (HMCS), an inexpensive maltose source, were 200 g/L, 95.6 %, and 6.67 g/L/h, respectively. Although the MBA productivity from HMCS was 70.1 % of that compared with pure maltose as the substrate, HMCS was a better substrate for commercial MBA production, considering the cost was 1.1 % of that of pure maltose. The present findings provide an economically feasible strategy with which to produce MBA.
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Key Words
- DCIP, 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol
- GDH, quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase
- HMCS, high-maltose corn syrup
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- High-maltose corn syrup
- IPTG, isopropyl-β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside
- LB, Luria-Bertani
- LBA, lactobionic acid
- MBA, maltobionic acid
- Maltobionic acid
- NB, nutrient broth
- OD, optical density
- PQQ, pyrroloquinoline quinone
- Pseudomonas taetrolens
- Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ri Oh
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Jang
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ho Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Tae Eom
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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25
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Ji G, Ma L, Yao H, Ma S, Si X, Wang Y, Bao X, Ma L, Chen F, Ma C, Huang L, Fang X, Song W. Precise delivery of obeticholic acid via nanoapproach for triggering natural killer T cell-mediated liver cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:2171-2182. [PMID: 33304784 PMCID: PMC7715527 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary bile acids were reported to augment secretion of chemokine (C‒X‒C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and trigger natural killer T (NKT) cell-based immunotherapy for liver cancer. However, abundant expression of receptors for primary bile acids across the gastrointestinal tract overwhelms the possibility of using agonists against these receptors for liver cancer control. Taking advantage of the intrinsic property of LSECs in capturing circulating nanoparticles in the circulation, we proposed a strategy using nanoemulsion-loaded obeticholic acid (OCA), a clinically approved selective farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, for precisely manipulating LSECs for triggering NKT cell-mediated liver cancer immunotherapy. The OCA-nanoemulsion (OCA-NE) was prepared via ultrasonic emulsification method, with a diameter of 184 nm and good stability. In vivo biodistribution studies confirmed that the injected OCA-NE mainly accumulated in the liver and especially in LSECs and Kupffer cells. As a result, OCA-NE treatment significantly suppressed hepatic tumor growth in a murine orthotopic H22 tumor model, which performed much better than oral medication of free OCA. Immunologic analysis revealed that the OCA-NE resulted in augmented secretion of CXCL16 and IFN-γ, as well as increased NKT cell populations inside the tumor. Overall, our research provides a new evidence for the antitumor effect of receptors for primary bile acids, and should inspire using nanotechnology for precisely manipulating LSECs for liver cancer therapy.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- Cr, creatinine
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- Farnesoid X receptor
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HSCs, hepatic stellate cells
- IFN-γ, interferon-γ
- IVIS, in vivo imaging system
- LSECs, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
- Liver cancer
- Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
- NE, nanoemulsion
- NKT cells, natural killer T cells
- Nanoemulsion
- OCA, obeticholic acid
- Obeticholic acid
- PBC, primary biliary cholangitis
- TACE, transarterial chemoembolisation
- TSR, tumor suppression rate
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Verhelst S, De Clerck L, Willems S, Van Puyvelde B, Daled S, Deforce D, Dhaenens M. Comprehensive histone epigenetics: A mass spectrometry based screening assay to measure epigenetic toxicity. MethodsX 2020; 7:101055. [PMID: 32995308 PMCID: PMC7508989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence of the involvement of epigenetics in pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration has increased global interest in epigenetic modifications. For nearly thirty years, it has been known that cancer cells exhibit abnormal DNA methylation patterns. In contrast, the large-scale analysis of histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) has lagged behind because classically, histone modification analysis has relied on site specific antibody-based techniques. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a technique that holds the promise to picture the histone code comprehensively in a single experiment. Therefore, we developed an MS-based method that is capable of tracking all possible hPTMs in an untargeted approach. In this way, trends in single and combinatorial hPTMs can be reported and enable prediction of the epigenetic toxicity of compounds. Moreover, this method is based on the use of human cells to provide preliminary data, thereby omitting the need to sacrifice laboratory animals. Improving the workflow and the user-friendliness in order to become a high throughput, easily applicable, toxicological screening assay is an ongoing effort. Still, this novel toxicoepigenetic assay and the data it generates holds great potential for, among others, pharmaceutical industry, food science, clinical diagnostics and, environmental toxicity screening. •There is a growing interest in epigenetic modifications, and more specifically in histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs).•We describe an MS-based workflow that is capable of tracking all possible hPTMs in an untargeted approach that makes use of human cells.•Improving the workflow and the user-friendliness in order to become a high throughput, easily applicable, toxicological screening assay is an ongoing effort.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under the curve
- DDA, data-dependent acquisition
- DIA, data-independent acquisition
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- Drug safety
- FA, formic acid
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid
- GRX, gingisrex
- HAT, histone acetyltransferase
- HDACi, histone deacetylase inhibitor
- HLB, hypotonic lysis buffer
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Histone post-translational modifications
- K, Lysine
- LC-MS/MS
- M, Methionine
- MS, Mass spectrometry
- MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry
- N, asparagine
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- Pharmacoepigenetics
- Proteomics
- Q, glutamine
- R, arginine
- RA, relative abundance
- RP, reversed phase
- RT, room temperature
- S, serine
- SWATH, sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra
- T, threonine
- TEAB, triethylammonium bicarbonate
- Toxicoepigenetics
- VPA, valproic acid
- Y, tyrosine
- hESC, human embryonic stem cell
- hPTM, histone post-translational modification
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Verhelst
- ProGenTomics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura De Clerck
- ProGenTomics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander Willems
- ProGenTomics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Puyvelde
- ProGenTomics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Daled
- ProGenTomics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- ProGenTomics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Dhaenens
- ProGenTomics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Yu J, Wang Y, Zhou S, Li J, Wang J, Chi D, Wang X, Lin G, He Z, Wang Y. Remote loading paclitaxel-doxorubicin prodrug into liposomes for cancer combination therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1730-40. [PMID: 33088692 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) has been widely used in the clinic. However, it remains unsatisfied due to the generation of severe toxicity. Previously, we have successfully synthesized a prodrug PTX-S-DOX (PSD). The prodrug displayed comparable in vitro cytotoxicity compared with the mixture of free PTX and DOX. Thus, we speculated that it could be promising to improve the anti-cancer effect and reduce adverse effects by improving the pharmacokinetics behavior of PSD and enhancing tumor accumulation. Due to the fact that copper ions (Cu2+) could coordinate with the anthracene nucleus of DOX, we speculate that the prodrug PSD could be actively loaded into liposomes by Cu2+ gradient. Hence, we designed a remote loading liposomal formulation of PSD (PSD LPs) for combination chemotherapy. The prepared PSD LPs displayed extended blood circulation, improved tumor accumulation, and more significant anti-tumor efficacy compared with PSD NPs. Furthermore, PSD LPs exhibited reduced cardiotoxicity and kidney damage compared with the physical mixture of Taxol and Doxil, indicating better safety. Therefore, this novel nano-platform provides a strategy to deliver doxorubicin with other poorly soluble antineoplastic drugs for combination therapy with high efficacy and low toxicity.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- AUC, area under the curve
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CHO, cholesterol
- CO2, carbon dioxide
- CR, creatinine
- Combination therapy
- Cu2+, copper ions
- DL, drug loading
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- DOX, doxorubicin
- DSPE-PEG2000, 2-distearoyl-snglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methyl(polyethylene glycol)-2000
- DTT, d,l-dithiothreitol
- EDTA, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
- EE, encapsulation efficacy
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HSPC, hydrogenated soybean phospholipids
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IVIS, in vivo imaging system
- MLVs, multilamellar vesicles
- MRT, mean residence time
- MTD, maximum tolerated dose
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- Nanoparticles
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PDI, polydispersity index
- PSD LPs, PTX-S-DOX liposomes
- PSD NPs, PTX-S-DOX self-assembled nanoparticles
- PSD, PTX-S-DOX
- PTX, paclitaxel
- Paclitaxel–doxorubicin prodrug
- Prodrug
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Remote loading liposomes
- SD, standard deviation
- Safety
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- UV, ultraviolet
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Zhang K, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Wu X, Bian H, Zhu P, Chen Z. Nonclinical safety, tolerance and pharmacodynamics evaluation for meplazumab treating chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1680-1693. [PMID: 33088688 PMCID: PMC7564037 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meplazumab is an anti-CD147 humanized IgG2 antibody. The purpose of this study was to characterize the nonclinical safety, tolerance and efficacy evaluation of meplazumab treating chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Meplazumab was well tolerated in repeat-dose toxicology studies in cynomolgus monkeys. No observed adverse effect level was 12 mg/kg. No difference between genders in the primary toxicokinetic parameters after repeat intravenous injection of meplazumab. No increased levels of drug exposure and drug accumulation were observed in different gender and dose groups. Meplazumab had a low cross-reactivity rate in various tissues and did not cause hemolysis or aggregation of red blood cells. The biodistribution and excretion results indicated that meplazumab was mainly distributed in the plasma, whole blood, and hemocytes, and excreted in the urine. Moreover, meplazumab effectively inhibited the parasites from invading erythrocytes in humanized mice in a time-dependent manner and the efficacy is superior to that of chloroquine. All these studies suggested that meplazumab is safe and well tolerated in cynomolgus monkeys, and effectively inhibits P. falciparum from invading into human red blood cells. These nonclinical data facilitated the initiation of an ongoing clinical trial of meplazumab for antimalarial therapy.
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Key Words
- ADA, anti-drug antibody
- ADCC, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- Antimalarial therapy
- CD147
- Efficacy
- FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded
- Fab, variable region of monoclonal antibody
- Fc, crystalline region of monoclonal antibody
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IR, inhibition rate
- Meplazumab
- NOG mice, NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγ null mice
- Nonclinical
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PC50, median parasite clearance time
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Pr, parasitemia
- RAP2, rhoptry-associated protein 2
- RBCs, red blood cells
- RH5, reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5
- RO, receptor occupancy
- SD rats, Sprague–Dawley rats
- Safety
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- Tolerance
- WHO, World Health Organization
- huRBCs, human red blood cells
- mAbs, monoclonal antibodies
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Li Z, Lin Y, Song H, Qin X, Yu Z, Zhang Z, Dong G, Li X, Shi X, Du L, Zhao W, Li M. First small-molecule PROTACs for G protein-coupled receptors: inducing α 1A-adrenergic receptor degradation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1669-1679. [PMID: 33088687 PMCID: PMC7563999 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are dual-functional hybrid molecules that can selectively recruit an E3 ubiquitin ligase to a target protein to direct the protein into the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), thereby selectively reducing the target protein level by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Nowadays, small-molecule PROTACs are gaining popularity as tools to degrade pathogenic protein. Herein, we present the first small-molecule PROTACs that can induce the α1A-adrenergic receptor (α1A-AR) degradation, which is also the first small-molecule PROTACs for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to our knowledge. These degradation inducers were developed through conjugation of known α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) inhibitor prazosin and cereblon (CRBN) ligand pomalidomide through the different linkers. The representative compound 9c is proved to inhibit the proliferation of PC-3 cells and result in tumor growth regression, which highlighted the potential of our study as a new therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer.
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Key Words
- BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia
- CRBN, cereblon
- DCM, dichloromethane
- DMF, dimethylformamide
- DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
- Degradation
- GPCR, G-protein-coupled receptor
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- LUTS, lower urinary tract symptoms
- PROTACs, proteolysis targeting chimeras
- Prostate cancer
- Small-molecule PROTACs
- TEA, triethylamine
- THF, tetrahydrofuran
- Ubiquitylation
- hPCE, human prostate cancer epithelial
- α1-ARs, α1-adrenergic receptors
- α1A-AR, α1A-adrenergic receptor
- α1A-Adrenergic receptor
- α1B-AR, α1B-adrenergic receptor
- α1D-AR, α1D-adrenergic receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuxing Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaojun Qin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhongxia Yu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Gaopan Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Lupei Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 531 88382076.
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Sakaki JR, Melough MM, Provatas AA, Perkins C, Chun OK. Evaluation of estrogenic chemicals in capsule and French press coffee using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1020-1024. [PMID: 32874926 PMCID: PMC7451997 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detected estrogenic chemicals in coffee. The potential risk to health is likely to be low relative to established guidelines. Future studies should evaluate the health risk from chronic coffee consumption.
The objective of this study was to examine exposure to estrogenic chemicals (ECs) via capsule coffee. Twenty-two brands of capsule coffee and 15 brands of French press coffee for comparison were brewed, and their contents of ECs were identified and quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Exposure to ECs in coffee were compared to tolerable daily intake guidelines to assess potential hazard to health. Benzophenone was the most frequently detected EC in capsule coffee (mean concentration ± SD: 20.37 ± 47.07 ng/mL, n = 6), followed by bisphenol A (BPA, 0.31 ± 0.71, n = 4), dibutyl phthalate (1.41 ± 3.58, n = 3), 4-nonylphenol (0.67 ± 1.82, n = 3) and bisphenol F (BPF, 0.49 ± 1.54, n = 2). BPA and BPF were each detected in 3 French press coffee samples (0.29 ± 0.58 and 0.85 ± 1.75 ng/mL, respectively). Two French press coffee brands purchased as ground coffee rather than whole bean were positive for ECs (BPA in one and BPF in both). Hazard indexes were below 1.0 for each EC for both coffee types. These results indicate that there is EC contamination in capsule and French press coffee, but the quantities of ECs are low relative to established safety guidelines.
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Key Words
- -, not detected
- 4-NP, 4-nonyphenol
- BP, benzophenone
- BPA, bisphenol A
- BPF, bisphenol F
- BPS, bisphenol S
- Bisphenol A
- Capsule
- Coffee
- DBP, dibutyl phthalate
- DEHP, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
- DMTP, dimethyl terephthalate
- EC, estrogenic chemical
- EDI, estimated daily intake
- Estrogenic chemical
- HI, hazard index
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- MDL, method detection limit
- MQL, method quantification limit
- Phthalate
- Plasticizer
- SD, standard deviation
- TDI, tolerable daily intake
- UPLC-MS/MS, ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi R. Sakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 27 Manter Rd., Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Melissa M. Melough
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 27 Manter Rd., Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Anthony A. Provatas
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 3107 Horsebarn Hill Rd., Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Christopher Perkins
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 3107 Horsebarn Hill Rd., Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 27 Manter Rd., Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Mündel T. An anti-doping perspective on nicotine detection in the peri-exercise period in a cohort of trained male cyclists. Curr Res Physiol 2020; 2:30-33. [PMID: 34746814 PMCID: PMC8562138 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the detection of nicotine in athletes: before vs. after 90 min exercise, and in serum vs. urine. Serum [cotinine] was not different before vs. after exercise (31 ± 14 vs. 29 ± 14 ng mL−1, P = 0.43), although urine [cotinine] measured greater than serum (148 ± 142 vs. 31 ± 14 ng mL−1, P < 0.01). Urinary [nicotine] measured greater than [cotinine] (790 ± 1176 vs. 148 ± 128 ng mL−1, P = 0.05), which significantly correlated (r = 0.57, P = 0.04). These results indicate that urine [cotinine] concentration is the optimal biomarker to detect nicotine use in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Mündel
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Etzbach L, Meinert M, Faber T, Klein C, Schieber A, Weber F. Effects of carrier agents on powder properties, stability of carotenoids, and encapsulation efficiency of goldenberry ( Physalis peruviana L.) powder produced by co-current spray drying. Curr Res Food Sci 2020; 3:73-81. [PMID: 32914123 PMCID: PMC7473355 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Maltodextrin, modified starch, inulin, alginate, gum arabic, and combinations thereof were used as carrier agents for spray drying of carotenoid-rich goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) juice and compared to cellobiose as an alternative carrier. Powders were analyzed with respect to particle size and morphology, yield, moisture content, cold water solubility, suspension stability, hygroscopicity, carotenoid encapsulation efficiency, and carotenoid retention during storage. A high initial carotenoid concentration after spray drying, a high encapsulation efficiency of 77.2%, and a slow carotenoid degradation kinetics favored the high carotenoid content of the cellobiose powder at the end of the storage. Cellobiose might protect the carotenoids from degradation processes by light exposure, high temperature, and oxygen due to a tighter particle crust and larger particle sizes. Therefore, cellobiose may be considered a potential carrier agent for the encapsulation of carotenoid-rich fruit juices. Goldenberry juice was spray dried with different carrier agents. Cellobiose was used as carrier agent in the present study for the first time. The cellobiose powder provided the best retention of carotenoids. Spray drying promoted isomerization reactions of all-trans-β-carotene. Cellobiose proved to be effective for spray drying of carotenoid-rich juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Etzbach
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Messina Meinert
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thilo Faber
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carolin Klein
- Pfeifer & Langen GmbH & Co. KG, Duerener Str. 40, D-50189, Elsdorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Schieber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabian Weber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
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Yi W, Tu MJ, Liu Z, Zhang C, Batra N, Yu AX, Yu AM. Bioengineered miR-328-3p modulates GLUT1-mediated glucose uptake and metabolism to exert synergistic antiproliferative effects with chemotherapeutics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:159-170. [PMID: 31993313 PMCID: PMC6976971 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small noncoding RNAs derived from genome to control target gene expression. Recently we have developed a novel platform permitting high-yield production of bioengineered miRNA agents (BERA). This study is to produce and utilize novel fully-humanized BERA/miR-328-3p molecule (hBERA/miR-328) to delineate the role of miR-328-3p in controlling nutrient uptake essential for cell metabolism. We first demonstrated successful high-level expression of hBERA/miR-328 in bacteria and purification to high degree of homogeneity (>98%). Biologic miR-328-3p prodrug was selectively processed to miR-328-3p to suppress the growth of highly-proliferative human osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Besides glucose transporter protein type 1, gene symbol solute carrier family 2 member 1 (GLUT1/SLC2A1), we identified and verified large neutral amino acid transporter 1, gene symbol solute carrier family 7 member 5 (LAT1/SLC7A5) as a direct target for miR-328-3p. While reduction of LAT1 protein levels by miR-328-3p did not alter homeostasis of amino acids within OS cells, suppression of GLUT1 led to a significantly lower glucose uptake and decline in intracellular levels of glucose and glycolytic metabolite lactate. Moreover, combination treatment with hBERA/miR-328 and cisplatin or doxorubicin exerted a strong synergism in the inhibition of OS cell proliferation. These findings support the utility of novel bioengineered RNA molecules and establish an important role of miR-328-3p in the control of nutrient transport and homeostasis behind cancer metabolism.
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Key Words
- 2-NBDG, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxyglucose
- ABCG2, ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2
- ACN, acetonitrile
- Au/Uv, absorbance unit of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
- BCRP, breast cancer resistant protein
- BERA, bioengineered miRNA agent
- Bioengineered RNA
- CI, combination index
- CPT, cisplatin
- Cancer
- Chemosensitivity
- DOX, doxorubicin
- E. coli, Escherichia coli
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FPLC, fast protein liquid chromatography
- Fa, fraction affected
- GLUT1
- GLUT1, glucose transporter protein type 1
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IS, internal standard
- KRB, Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate
- LAT1
- LAT1, large neutral amino acid transporter 1
- LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy
- MCT4, monocarboxylate transporter 4
- MRE, miRNA response elements
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- MiR-328
- OS, osteosarcoma
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- PVDF, Polyvinylidene fluoride
- RAGE, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products
- RT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- SLC2A1, 7A5, 16A3, solute carrier family 2 member 1, family 7 member 5, family 16 member 3
- WT, wild type
- hBERA, humanized bioengineered miRNA agent
- hsa, Homo sapiens
- htRNASer, human seryl-tRNA
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- miR or miRNA, microRNA
- ncRNA, noncoding RNAs
- nt, nucleotide
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrong Yi
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Neelu Batra
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Ai-Xi Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
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Gifford JL, Higgins T, Sadrzadeh SMH. A high-throughput test for diabetes care: An evaluation of the next generation Roche Cobas c 513 hemoglobin A 1C assay. Pract Lab Med 2019; 17:e00147. [PMID: 31799362 PMCID: PMC6881683 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2019.e00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The level of glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1C) in blood is the preferred marker for diabetes monitoring and treatment. Here, we evaluate the analytical performance of the Roche Diagnostics Cobas c 513, a stand-alone HbA1C immunoassay analyzer. Design and Methods Performance was assessed with regards to imprecision, accuracy, linearity, method comparison against the Roche Cobas Integra 800 CTS, specimen stability, interference from common hemoglobin variants and hemoglobin F, and throughput. Results Within-run and between-run precisions were 0.5–0.7 and 0.8–1.3%CV, respectively. An average bias of −1.6% to proficiency survey samples was observed. The c 513 correlated well with the Integra (slope = 0.94, y-intercept = 0.50, and correlation coefficient = 0.998). The effect of hemoglobin variants on this assay was negligible while specimens containing ≥10% HbF demonstrated a negative bias. The c 513 instrument can process up to 340 samples per hour. Conclusions The c 513 is a precise, accurate, automated high throughput analyzer for measuring HbA1C in large laboratories.
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Key Words
- Automated analyzer
- CAP, College of American Pathologists
- CI, confidence interval
- CLSI, Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute
- CV, coefficient of variation
- Diabetes mellitus
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Hb, hemoglobin
- HbA, adult hemoglobin
- HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin A1C
- Hemoglobin A1C
- High through-put
- IFCC, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- Immunoassay
- LoB, Limit of Blank
- LoD, Limit of Detection
- Method evaluation
- NGSP, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program
- TE, total error
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Gifford
- Calgary Laboratory Services, 9, 3535 Research Rd NW, Calgary, AB, T2L 2K8, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Trefor Higgins
- DynaLIFE Medical Labs, 200, 10150-102 St, Edmonton, AB, T5J 5E2, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - S M Hossein Sadrzadeh
- Calgary Laboratory Services, 9, 3535 Research Rd NW, Calgary, AB, T2L 2K8, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
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Azechi H, Hakamada K, Yamamoto T. A new inbred strain of Fawn-Hooded rats demonstrates mania-like behavioural and monoaminergic abnormalities. IBRO Rep 2019; 7:98-106. [PMID: 31763490 PMCID: PMC6861655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fawn-Hooded (FH) rat carries a gene mutation that results in a dysfunctional serotoninergic system. However, previous studies have reported differing features between the FH/Wjd and FH/Har strains. We aimed to compare the behavioural and neurobiological features of FH/HamSlc rats with those of Fischer 344 rats. We performed the open field, elevated minus-maze, Y-maze spontaneous alternation, and forced swim tests to investigate behavioural alterations. We also assessed neurobiological characteristics by quantifying monoamines and their related compounds in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum using high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detection system. FH/HamSlc rats showed hyperactivity and a high impulsivity tendency in the open field and the elevated minus maze test, but no cognitive dysfunction. In addition, the hyperactivity was suppressed immediately after the forced swim test. FH/HamSlc rats showed low dopamine levels, but high dopamine turnover in the striatum. Serotonin and noradrenaline levels were low in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus of FH/HamSlc rats, but high serotonin turnover was observed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. FH/HamSlc rats show (1) mania-like behavioural characteristics that are different from those of other strains of FH rats; (2) stimulus dependent suppression of hyperactivity similar to the clinical findings that exercise alleviates the symptoms of bipolar disorder; and (3) monoaminergic dysregulation such as monoamine imbalance and hyperturnover that may be associated with mania-related behavioural characteristics. Thus, the FH/HamSlc rat is a new animal model for mania including bipolar disorder.
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Key Words
- 5-HIAA, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
- 5-HT, serotonin
- ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Bipolar mania model
- DA, dopamine
- DOPAC, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
- FH, Fawn-Hooded
- Fawn-Hooded rat
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HVA, homovanillic acid
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsivity
- MAO-A, monoamine oxidase A
- MHPG, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol
- Monoaminergic dysregulation
- NA, noradrenaline
- PCA, perchloric acid
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- Stimulus responsivity
- TPH2, tryptophan hydroxylase 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Azechi
- Department of Psychology, Tezukayama University, Nara 631-8585, Japan
| | - Kōsuke Hakamada
- Department of Neurophysiology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Psychological Sciences, Tezukayama University, Nara 631-8585, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yamamoto
- Department of Psychology, Tezukayama University, Nara 631-8585, Japan.,Department of Neurophysiology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Psychological Sciences, Tezukayama University, Nara 631-8585, Japan
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Zhao X, Liu X, Zhang P, Liu Y, Ran W, Cai Y, Wang J, Zhai Y, Wang G, Ding Y, Li Y. Injectable peptide hydrogel as intraperitoneal triptolide depot for the treatment of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1050-1060. [PMID: 31649853 PMCID: PMC6804453 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is among the limited choices approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at intermediate and advanced stages. Preferential and prolonged drug exposure in diseased sites is required to maximize the therapeutic index of the drug. Here, we report an injectable supramolecular peptide hydrogel as an intraperitoneal depot for localized and sustained release of triptolide for the treatment of orthotopic HCC. We chose peptide amphiphile C16-GNNQQNYKD-OH-based nanofibers as gelators and carriers for triptolide. Sustained triptolide release from the hydrogel was achieved over 14 days in vitro, with higher accumulation in and cytotoxicity against human HCC Bel-7402 in comparison with L-02 fetal hepatocytes. After intraperitoneal injection, the hydrogel showed prolonged retention over 13 days and preferential accumulation in the liver, realizing HCC growth inhibition by 99.7 ± 0.1% and animal median survival extension from 19 to 43 days, without causing noticeable pathological changes in the major organs. These results demonstrate that injectable peptide hydrogel can be a potential carrier for localized chemotherapy of HCC.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- ATL, alanine transaminase
- AUC0–13, areas under the curve
- AURKA, aurora A kinase
- Akt, protein kinase B
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- Bel-7402/Luc, luciferase transfected human HCC cell line Bel-7402
- C16-N, C16-GNNQQNYKD-OH
- C16-N/DiI, DiI-labeled C16-N
- C16-N/DiR, DiR-labeled C16-N hydrogel
- C16-N/T, triptolide-loaded peptide amphiphile-based hydrogel
- CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- CD, circular dichroism
- CKS2, cyclin kinase subunit-2
- CRE, creatinine
- DL, drug loading
- DSPE-PEG, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino (polyethylene glycol)-2000]
- DSPE-PEG/DiI, DiI-labeled DSPE-PEG
- DSPE-PEG/DiR, DiR-labeled DSPE-PEG micelle
- DSPE-PEG/T, drug-loaded DSPE-PEG micelles
- EE, encapsulation efficiency
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FI range, fluorescence intensity range
- FI, fluorescence intensity
- GEMOX, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HFIP, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hydrogel
- LC–MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- OB glue, EPIGLUs
- Peptide amphiphile
- RFI, relative fluorescence intensity
- Self-assembly
- TACE, transarterial chemoembolization
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TIR, tumor inhibition rate
- Tmax, time to reach highest fluorescence intensity
- Triptolide
- d-Luciferin, (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-(6-hydroxy-2-benzothiazolyl)-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid potassium
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 20231979.
| | - Yiran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yihui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yaping Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 20231979.
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Yamamoto T, Sato A, Takai Y, Yoshimori A, Umehara M, Ogino Y, Inada M, Shimada N, Nishida A, Ichida R, Takasawa R, Maruki-Uchida H, Mori S, Sai M, Morita M, Tanuma SI. Effect of piceatannol-rich passion fruit seed extract on human glyoxalase I-mediated cancer cell growth. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 20:100684. [PMID: 31517069 PMCID: PMC6728800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Passion fruit seed extract (PFSE), a product rich in stilbenes such as piceatannol and scirpusin B, has various physiological effects. It is unclear whether PFSE and its stilbene derivatives inhibit cancer cell proliferation via human glyoxalase I (GLO I), the rate-limiting enzyme for detoxification of methylglyoxal. We examined the anticancer effects of PFSE in two types of human cancer cell lines with different GLO I expression levels, NCI–H522 cells (highly-expressed GLO I) and HCT116 cells (lowly-expressed GLO I). PFSE and its stilbenes inhibited GLO I activity. In addition, PFSE and its stilbenes supressed the cancer cell proliferation of NCI–H522 cells more than HCT116 cells. These observations suggest that PFSE can provide a novel anticancer strategy for prevention and treatment. Piceatannol, and scirpusin B inhibited GLO I activity. Passion fruit seed extract suppressed proliferation and colony formation of NCI–H522 cells. Passion fruit seed extract and piceatannol could exert anticancer activity via GLO I inhibition.
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Key Words
- Anticancer
- GLO I, glyoxalase I
- Glyoxalase I
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MG, methylglyoxal
- PFSE, Passion fruit seed extract
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- Passion fruit seed extract
- Piceatannol
- STAT3, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamamoto
- Research and Development Institute, Health Science Research Center, Morinaga and Company Limited, 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8504, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshimori
- Institute for Theoretical Medicine Inc., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-0012, Japan
| | - Masahiro Umehara
- Research and Development Institute, Health Science Research Center, Morinaga and Company Limited, 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8504, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mana Inada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Nami Shimada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Aya Nishida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Risa Ichida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryoko Takasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroko Maruki-Uchida
- Research and Development Institute, Health Science Research Center, Morinaga and Company Limited, 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8504, Japan
| | - Sadao Mori
- Research and Development Institute, Health Science Research Center, Morinaga and Company Limited, 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8504, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sai
- Research and Development Institute, Health Science Research Center, Morinaga and Company Limited, 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8504, Japan
| | - Minoru Morita
- Research and Development Institute, Health Science Research Center, Morinaga and Company Limited, 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8504, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichi Tanuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
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Ishimi Y, Takebayashi J, Tousen Y, Yamauchi J, Fuchino H, Kawano T, Inui T, Yoshimatsu K, Kawahara N. Quality evaluation of health foods containing licorice in the Japanese Market. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:904-913. [PMID: 31508319 PMCID: PMC6722472 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Focusing on licorice, a highly used raw material in health foods, quantitative analysis of functional/medicinal components and a safety and functional evaluation was carried out for herbal medicines, health food ingredients, and so-called health foods. A functional component, glabridin, was detected in herbal medicines from Glycyrrhiza glabra and G. inflata, health food ingredients, and in commercially available health foods that contain licorice. Likewise, glycyrrhizin, a medicinal component, was detected in these sources, except in licorice oil extract. Estrogen activity in vitro was detected in some of the herbal medicines, health food ingredients, and in health foods containing licorice. In the in vivo study, liver weight in ovariectomized (OVX) mice treated with licorice oil extract was significantly higher than that in OVX and sham mice in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that excessive intake of licorice oil extract from health foods should be avoided, even though these ingredients might be beneficial for medical use in order to maintain bone health in postmenopausal women. Measurement of hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) activity, reproductive organ weight, and fat and bone mass in OVX mice was considered useful for evaluating the safety and efficacy of estrogenic health food ingredients derived from herbal medicines.
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Key Words
- BMD, bone mineral density
- CAA, Consumer Affairs Agency
- CYP, cytochrome P-450
- Cytochrome P-450 (CYP)
- DGL, deglycyrrhizin
- E2, 17β-estradiol
- Estrogenic activity
- FFC, Foods with Function Claims
- FNFC, Foods with Nutrient Functional Claim
- FOSHU, Foods for Specified Health Uses
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Health foods
- Herbal medicines
- Licorice
- ORAC, oxygen radical absorption capacity
- Safety assessment
- TE, Trolox equivalent
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishimi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8636 Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Takebayashi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8636 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Tousen
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8636 Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Yamauchi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8636 Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Fuchino
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai Tsukuba-shi, 305-0843 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Kawano
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai Tsukuba-shi, 305-0843 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Inui
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai Tsukuba-shi, 305-0843 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - K Yoshimatsu
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai Tsukuba-shi, 305-0843 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - N Kawahara
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai Tsukuba-shi, 305-0843 Ibaraki, Japan
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Dahdouh S, Grande F, Espinosa SN, Vincent A, Gibson R, Bailey K, King J, Rittenschober D, Charrondière UR. Development of the FAO/INFOODS/IZINCG Global Food Composition Database for Phytate. J Food Compost Anal 2019; 78:42-48. [PMID: 31057213 PMCID: PMC6472536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phytate is widely distributed in the plant kingdom, and its significance for human nutrition has been often described. Data on phytate is available in very few composition tables, for a limited number of foods and mainly for raw products. With the aim of publishing the first global repository of analytical data on phytate, data on moisture, phytate, zinc, iron and calcium were compiled. Other aspects, such as the analytical method used, biodiversity and processing, were considered, and phytate: mineral ratios were calculated when possible. From a comprehensive literature search, over 250 references were compiled, generating 3377 entries: 39% for raw and 61% for processed foods. Most of the entries were for cereals (35%), followed by legumes (27%) and vegetables (11%). The most common analytical methods used were indirect precipitation (26%) and anion exchange (25%), while separate determination of IPs is the most recommended. The database can be used as a tool for nutrition workers to include into food composition tables and to develop programmes related to mineral deficiencies. These data will be useful for designing diets with enhanced mineral bioavailability and for improving the estimates for nutrient requirements. The database is available at the INFOODS (www.fao.org/infoods/infoods/tables-and-databases/en) and IZiNCG webpages (www.izincg.org).
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Key Words
- Antinutrient
- CRM, certified reference material
- Ca, calcium
- EFSA, European Food Safety Authority
- EP, edible portion
- FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization
- FCT/FCDB, Food Composition Table/Food Composition Database
- Fe, iron
- Food composition database
- GIFT, FAO/WHO Global Individual Food consumption data Tool
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- INFOODS, International Network of Food Data Systems
- IP3, inositol triphosphate
- IP4, inositol tetraphosphate
- IP5, inositol pentaphosphate
- IP6, inositol hexaphosphate
- IPs, inositol phosphates
- IZiNCG, International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group
- Inositol phosphates
- Iron
- PHY:FE, phytic acid forms : iron ratio
- PHY:ZN, phytic acid forms : zinc ratio
- PHYT-, phytic acid - unknown or variable method
- PHYT:FE, phytic acid (global) : iron ratio
- PHYT:ZN, phytic acid (global) : zinc ratio
- PHYTAC, phytic acid - old tagname
- PHYTC-, phytic acid - unknown colorimetry
- PHYTCA, phytic acid - by K-PHYT kit
- PHYTCPP, phytic acid - by anion exchange
- PHYTCPPD, phytic acid - by direct precipitation
- PHYTCPPI, phytic acid - by indirect precipitation
- PP, phytate phosphorus
- PP-, phytate phosphorus - by unknown colorimetry
- PPD, phytate phosphorus - by direct precipitation
- PPI, phytate phosphorus - by indirect precipitation
- PhyFoodComp, Global Food Composition Database for Phytate
- Phytate
- Phytic acid
- Phytic acid:iron ratio
- Phytic acid:zinc ratio
- RNI/RDI, recommended nutrient intake/recommended dietary intake
- XP, conversion factor for phytate phosphorus
- Zinc
- Zn, zinc
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Dahdouh
- International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernanda Grande
- Nutrition and Food Systems Division, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Vincent
- Nutrition and Food Systems Division, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Janet King
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, USA
| | - Doris Rittenschober
- Nutrition and Food Systems Division, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
| | - U. Ruth Charrondière
- Nutrition and Food Systems Division, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
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Li M, Zhao L, Zhang T, Shu Y, He Z, Ma Y, Liu D, Wang Y. Redox-sensitive prodrug nanoassemblies based on linoleic acid-modified docetaxel to resist breast cancers. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:421-32. [PMID: 30972286 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodrug nanoassemblies, which can refrain from large excipients, achieve higher drug loading and control drug release, have been placed as the priority in drug delivery system. Reasoning that glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly upgraded in tumor tissues which makes them attractive targets for drug delivery system, we designed and synthetized a novel prodrug which utilized mono thioether bond as a linker to bridge linoleic acid (LA) and docetaxel (DTX). This mono thioether-linked conjugates (DTX-S-LA) could self-assemble into nanoparticles without the aid of much excipients. The mono thioether endowed the nanoparticles redox sensitivity resulting in specific release at the tumor tissue. Our studies demonstrated that the nanoassemblies had uniform particle size, high stability and fast release behavior. DTX-S-LA nanoassemblies outperformed DTX solution in pharmacokinetic profiles for it had longer circulation time and higher area under curve (AUC). Compared with DTX solution, the redox dual-responsive nanoassemblies had comparable cytotoxic activity. Besides, the antitumor efficacy was evaluated in mice bearing 4T1 xenograft. It turned out this nanoassemblies could enhance anticancer efficacy by increasing the dose because of higher tolerance. Overall, these results indicated that the redox sensitivity nanoassemblies may have a great potential to cancer therapy.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- AUC, area under the curve
- Antitumor efficacy
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- C-6, coumarin-6
- CREA, creatinine
- DDS, drug delivery system
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DSPE-PEG2K, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethyleneglycol)-2000]
- DTT, d,l-dithiothreitol
- DTX, docetaxel
- Docetaxel
- EDCI, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GSH, glutathione
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HOBt, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole monohydrate
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- LA, linoleic acid
- Linoleic acid
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide
- Mono thioether bond
- Nanoassemblies
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PDI, polydispersity index
- PTX, paclitaxel
- Pharmacokinetics
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SD, standard deviation
- TLC, thin layer chromatography
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Sutherland HS, Tong AST, Choi PJ, Blaser A, Conole D, Franzblau SG, Lotlikar MU, Cooper CB, Upton AM, Denny WA, Palmer BD. 3,5-Dialkoxypyridine analogues of bedaquiline are potent antituberculosis agents with minimal inhibition of the hERG channel. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1292-1307. [PMID: 30803745 PMCID: PMC6467547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bedaquiline is a new drug of the diarylquinoline class that has proven to be clinically effective against drug-resistant tuberculosis, but has a cardiac liability (prolongation of the QT interval) due to its potent inhibition of the cardiac potassium channel protein hERG. Bedaquiline is highly lipophilic and has an extremely long terminal half-life, so has the potential for more-than-desired accumulation in tissues during the relatively long treatment durations required to cure TB. The present work is part of a program that seeks to identify a diarylquinoline that is as potent as bedaquiline against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with lower lipophilicity, higher clearance, and lower risk for QT prolongation. Previous work led to the identification of compounds with greatly-reduced lipophilicity compounds that retain good anti-tubercular activity in vitro and in mouse models of TB, but has not addressed the hERG blockade. We now present compounds where the C-unit naphthalene is replaced by a 3,5-dialkoxy-4-pyridyl, demonstrate more potent in vitro and in vivo anti-tubercular activity, with greatly attenuated hERG blockade. Two examples of this series are in preclinical development.
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Key Words
- CFU, colony-forming units
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- LDA, lithium diisopropylamide
- LORA, low oxygen recovery assay
- LiTMP, lithium tetramethylpiperidide
- M. tb, mycobacterium tuberculosis
- MABA, microplate alamar blue assay
- MDR, multidrug-resistant
- MIC90, minimum concentration for 90% inhibition of growth
- TB, tuberculosis
- hERG (human Ether-a-go-go Related Gene)
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish S Sutherland
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand
| | - Amy S T Tong
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Choi
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand
| | - Adrian Blaser
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Conole
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, 40 Wall St, NY 10005, USA
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | - Anna M Upton
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, 40 Wall St, NY 10005, USA
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Brian D Palmer
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Abstract
Pterostilbene is a natural polyphenol compound found in small berries that is related to resveratrol, but has better bioavailability and a longer half-life. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential inhibitory effect of pterostilbene on in vitro drug metabolism. The effect of pterostilbene on cytochrome P450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme activities were studied using the enzyme-selective substrates amodiaquine (CYP2C8), midazolam (CYP3A4), estradiol (UGT1A1), serotonin (UGT1A6) and mycophenolic acid (UGT1A8/9/10). The IC50 value was used to express the strength of inhibition. Further, a volume per dose index (VDI) was used to estimate the potential for in vivo interactions. Pterostilbene significantly inhibited CYP2C8 and UGT1A6 activities. The IC50 (mean ± SE) values for CYP2C8 and UGT1A6 inhibition were 3.0 ± 0.4 µM and 15.1 ± 2.8 µM, respectively; the VDI exceeded the predefined threshold of 5 L/dose for both CYP2C8 and UGT1A6, suggesting a potential for interaction in vivo. Pterostilbene did not inhibit the metabolism of the other enzyme-selective substrates. The results of this study indicate that pterostilbene inhibits CYP2C8 and UTG1A6 activity in vitro and may inhibit metabolism by these enzymes in vivo. Clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the in vivo relevance of these interactions.
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Key Words
- Amodiaquine
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- CYP2C8
- DEAQ, desethylamodiaquine
- Enzyme inhibition
- HIM, human intestine microsomes
- HLM, human liver microsomes
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Hydroxypioglitazone
- IC50, concentration of inhibitor that results in 50% inhibition of reaction
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
- M-IV, hydroxypioglitazone
- N-desethylamodiaquine
- Pioglitazone
- Pterostilbene
- RDI, recommended daily intake
- Serotonin
- Serotonin glucuronide
- UDPGA, uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid
- UGT, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
- UGT1A6
- V/D, volume per dose index
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Albassam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Corresponding author at: Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reginald F. Frye
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Nishina S, Yamauchi A, Kawaguchi T, Kaku K, Goto M, Sasaki K, Hara Y, Tomiyama Y, Kuribayashi F, Torimura T, Hino K. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors Reduce Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Activating Lymphocyte Chemotaxis in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 7:115-34. [PMID: 30510994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS CD26, a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein, is expressed in various cancers and functions as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). We investigated whether CD26 expression is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and whether DPP4 inhibitors exert antitumor effects against HCC. METHODS CD26 expression was examined in 41 surgically resected HCC specimens. The effects of DPP4 inhibitors on HCC were examined by using HCC cell lines (Huh-7 and Li-7), xenograft tumors in nude mice, and a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related HCC mouse model. RESULTS CD26 expression in HCC specimens was associated with increased serum DPP4 activity, as well as a more advanced stage, less tumor immunity, and poorer prognosis in HCC patients. The HCC cell lines and xenograft tumors exhibited CD26 expression and DPP4 activity. The DPP4 inhibitors did not exhibit antitumor effects in vitro, but natural killer (NK) and/or T-cell tumor accumulation suppressed growth of xenograft tumor and HCC in vivo. The antitumor effects of DPP4 inhibitors were abolished by the depletion of NK cells or the neutralization of CXCR3, a chemokine receptor on NK cells. EZ-TAXIScan, an optical horizontal chemotaxis apparatus, identified enhanced NK and T-cell chemotaxis by DPP4 inhibitors ex vivo in the presence of Huh-7 cells and the chemokine CXCL10, which binds to CXCR3. The DPP4 inhibitors prevented the biologically active form of CXCL10 from being truncated by Huh-7 cell DPP4 activity. DPP4 inhibitors also suppressed tumor angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a rationale for verifying whether DPP4 inhibitors clinically inhibit the progression of HCC or augment the antitumor effects of molecular-targeting drugs or immunotherapies against HCC.
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Key Words
- CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit 8
- CD26
- CXCL10
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, inhibitory concentration of 50%
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MICA, MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NK Cell
- NK, natural killer
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PTH, phenylthiohydantoin
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- T Cell
- TAXIScan
- Tumor Immunity
- anti-ASGM, anti-asialo GM1 antisera
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Onozato M, Tanaka Y, Arita M, Sakamoto T, Ichiba H, Sadamoto K, Kondo M, Fukushima T. Amino acid analyses of the exosome-eluted fractions from human serum by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Pract Lab Med 2018; 12:e00099. [PMID: 30014016 PMCID: PMC6044227 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2018.e00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Amino acid levels in serum or plasma are used for early detection and diagnosis of several diseases. The objective of this study was to analyze amino acid levels in serum exosomes, which have not been previously reported. Design and methods We investigated the amino acid composition of exosomes from human serum using HPLC with fluorescence detection. Results The composition ratios of His, Arg, Glu, Cys-Cys, Lys, and Tyr were significantly increased in the exosomes compared with those in the corresponding native serum. d-Ser, an endogenous co-agonist of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, was also enriched in the exosome-eluted fraction. Conclusions Our results suggest that certain amino acids are enriched in the exosome-eluted fraction from human serum. These differences could have future diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Onozato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yuriko Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Michitsune Arita
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ichiba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Sadamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yokohama College of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan
| | - Motonari Kondo
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukushima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
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Romeiro FG, Ietsugu MDV, Franzoni LDC, Augusti L, Alvarez M, Santos LAA, Lima TB, Koga KH, Moriguchi SM, Caramori CA, Silva GF, Betting LEGG. Which of the branched-chain amino acids increases cerebral blood flow in hepatic encephalopathy? A double-blind randomized trial. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 19:302-310. [PMID: 30013913 PMCID: PMC6044187 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids increase the brain perfusion of patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE), but the amino acid and the mechanisms involved are still unknown. This study compared brain perfusion and clinical improvement during leucine or isoleucine supplementation. After randomization, 27 subjects with cirrhosis and HE received leucine or isoleucine supplements for one year. Brain single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and dynamic brain scintigraphy (DBS) were performed pretreatment and at 1, 8 and 12 months of supplementation. Brain perfusion was increased only in the isoleucine group at 8 months of treatment by both SPECT and DBS (p < 0.001 and p = 0.05, respectively) and by SPECT at the 12th month (p < 0.05). This was associated with hepatic encephalopathy improvement at 8 and 12 months (p = 0.008 and 0.004, respectively), which was not observed in the leucine group (p = 0.313 and 0.055, respectively). Isoleucine supplementation achieved a better impact on brain perfusion restoration in HE.
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Key Words
- AC, arm circumference
- APMT, adductor pollicis muscle thickness
- BCAA, branched-chain amino acids
- BCKA, branched-chain ketoacids
- BMI, body mass index
- Branched-chain amino acids
- CAMA, corrected mid-arm muscle area
- CBF, cerebral blood flow
- Cerebral blood flow
- EEG, electroencephalogram
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase
- GLN, glutamine
- GLU, glutamate
- HE, hepatic encephalopathy
- HGS, handgrip strength
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HRQoL, health-related quality of life
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Liver cirrhosis
- MAMC, mid-arm muscle circumference
- MELD, Model of End-Stage Liver Disease
- NH3, ammonia
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- ROIs, regions of interest
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SF-36, 36-item Short-Form General Health Survey
- SPECT, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
- SPM12, Statistical Parametrical Mapping 12
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- TSF, triceps skinfold
- α-KG, α-ketoglutarate
- αKGDH, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gomes Romeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil.
| | - Marjorie do Val Ietsugu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Letícia de Campos Franzoni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Laís Augusti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Matheus Alvarez
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil.
| | - Lívia Alves Amaral Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Talles Bazeia Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Kátia Hiromoto Koga
- Department of Tropical Diseases and Imaging Diagnosis, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n. Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil.
| | - Sônia Marta Moriguchi
- Department of Tropical Diseases and Imaging Diagnosis, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n. Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Carlos Antonio Caramori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Faria Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eduardo Gomes Garcia Betting
- Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil.
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Jalal N, Surendranath AR, Pathak JL, Yu S, Chung CY. Bisphenol A (BPA) the mighty and the mutagenic. Toxicol Rep 2017; 5:76-84. [PMID: 29854579 PMCID: PMC5977157 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely used synthetic compounds on the planet. Upon entering the diet, its highest concentration (1-104 ng/g of tissue) has been recorded in the placenta and fetus. This accumulation of BPA can have many health hazards ranging from the easy to repair single strand DNA breaks (SSBs) to error prone double strand DNA breaks (DSBs). Although the Human liver can efficiently metabolize BPA via glucuronidation and sulfation pathways, however the by-product Bisphenol-o-quinone has been shown to act as a DNA adduct. Low doses of BPA have also been shown to interact with various signaling pathways to disrupt normal downstream signaling. Analysis has been made on how BPA could interact with several signaling pathways such as NFκB, JNK, MAPK, ER and AR that eventually lead to disease morphology and even tumorigenesis. The role of low dose BPA is also discussed in dysregulating Ca2+ homeostasis of the cell by inhibiting calcium channels such as SPCA1/2 to suggest a new direction for future research in the realms of BPA induced disease morphology and mutagenicity.
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Key Words
- BISPHENOL A (BPA) CCID: 6623
- Bisphenol A (BPA)
- Ca2+ homeostasis
- Cancer
- DES, diethyl stilbesterol
- DNA damage
- EFSA, European Food Safety Authority
- ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- FAO/WHO, Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization
- FDA, Food and Drugs Administration
- GC–MS, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IGF1R
- IGF1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
- LLE, liquid/liquid extraction
- MS, mass spectrometry
- Mutations
- SPCA1 inhibition
- SPCA1, secretory pathway calcium ATPase1
- SPE, solid phase extraction
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Jalal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, Nankai district, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Janak L. Pathak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, Nankai district, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Yu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, Nankai district, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Y. Chung
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, Nankai district, People’s Republic of China
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Takahashi H, Aihara Y, Ogawa Y, Murata Y, Nakajima KI, Iida M, Shirai M, Fujisaki S. Suppression of phenotype of Escherichia coli mutant defective in farnesyl diphosphate synthase by overexpression of gene for octaprenyl diphosphate synthase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 82:1003-1010. [PMID: 29191106 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1398066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated suppression of the slow growth of an Escherichia coli ispA null mutant lacking farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase (i.e. IspA) by plasmids carrying prenyl diphosphate synthase genes. The growth rates of ispA mutant-transformants harboring a medium-copy number plasmid that carries ispA or ispB were almost the same as that of the wild-type strain. Although the level of FPP in the transformant with the ispA plasmid was almost the same as that in the wild-type strain, the level in the transformant with the ispB plasmid was as low as that in the ispA mutant. Purified octaprenyl diphosphate synthase (IspB) could condense isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) with dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to form octaprenyl diphosphate and nonaprenyl diphosphate. It is possible that suppression of the slow growth of the ispA mutant by ispB was due to condensation of IPP not only with FPP but also with DMAPP by octaprenyl diphosphate synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takahashi
- a Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science , Toho University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Yuta Aihara
- a Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science , Toho University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ogawa
- a Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science , Toho University , Chiba , Japan.,b Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science , Chiba University , Chiba , Japan.,c National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba , Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Murata
- a Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science , Toho University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakajima
- a Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science , Toho University , Chiba , Japan.,d Department of Dermatology , University of California Davis , Davis , CA , USA.,e Department of Molecular Cell Physiology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Maiko Iida
- a Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science , Toho University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Miyako Shirai
- a Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science , Toho University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Shingo Fujisaki
- a Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science , Toho University , Chiba , Japan
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Xiong Y, Chen L, Man J, Hu Y, Cui X. Chemical and bioactive comparison of Panax notoginseng root and rhizome in raw and steamed forms. J Ginseng Res 2017; 43:385-393. [PMID: 31308810 PMCID: PMC6606817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The root and rhizome are historically and officially utilized medicinal parts of Panax notoginseng (PN) (Burk.) F. H. Chen, which in raw and steamed forms are used differently in practice. Methods To investigate the differences in chemical composition and bioactivities of PN root and rhizome between raw and steamed forms, high-performance liquid chromatography analyses and pharmacologic effects evaluated by tests of anticoagulation, antioxidation, hemostasis, antiinflammation, and hematopoiesis were combined. Results With the duration of steaming time, the contents of ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rd, and notoginsenoside R1 in PN were decreased, while those of ginsenosides Rh1, 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, Rh4, and Rk3 were increased gradually. Raw PN samples steamed for 6 h at 120°C with stable levels of most constituents were used for the subsequent study of bioeffects. Raw PN showed better hemostasis, anticoagulation, and antiinflammation effects, while steamed PN exhibited stronger antioxidation and hematopoiesis activities. For different parts of PN, contents of saponins in PN rhizome were generally higher than those in the root, which could be related to the stronger bioactivities of rhizome compared with the same form of PN root. Conclusion This study provides basic information about the chemical and bioactive comparison of PN root and rhizome in both raw and steamed forms, indicating that the change of saponins may have a key role in different properties of raw and steamed PN. Saponin types and levels are significantly different in raw and steamed Panax notoginseng (PN). Levels of saponins are generally higher in PN rhizome than in the root. PN rhizome shows stronger activities of various tests than the same form of root. Raw PN is preferable in treating hemorrhages, blood stasis, swelling, and pain. Steamed PN is preferable in antioxidation and hematopoiesis effects.
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Key Words
- BT, bleeding time
- Bioeffects
- CT, coagulation time
- DPPH, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
- FEJ, Fufang E'jiao Jiang
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Hb, hemoglobin
- MeCN, acetonitrile
- MeOH, methyl alcohol
- PN, Panax notoginseng
- PPP, platelet-poor plasma
- PT, prothrombin time
- Panax notoginseng
- RBC, red blood cell
- Raw
- Saponins
- Steamed
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- WBC, white blood cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xiong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jinhui Man
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yupiao Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Jeon Y, Han M, Han EY, Lee K, Song J, Song SH. Performance evaluation of enzyme immunoassay for voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring with automated clinical chemistry analyzers. Pract Lab Med 2017; 8:86-94. [PMID: 28856233 PMCID: PMC5575369 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Voriconazole is a triazole antifungal developed for the treatment of fungal infectious disease, and the clinical utility of its therapeutic drug monitoring has been evaluated. Recently, a new assay for analyzing the serum voriconazole concentration with an automated clinical chemistry analyzer was developed. We evaluated the performance of the new assay based on standardized protocols. Methods The analytical performance of the assay was evaluated according to its precision, trueness by recovery, limit of quantitation, linearity, and correlation with results from liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The evaluation was performed with the same protocol on two different routine chemistry analyzers. All evaluations were performed according to CLSI Guidelines EP15, EP17, EP6, and EP9 [1–4]. Results Coefficients of variation for within-run and between-day imprecision were 3.2–5.1% and 1.5–3.0%, respectively, on the two different analyzers for pooled serum samples. The recovery rates were in the range of 95.4–102.2%. The limit of blank was 0.0049 μg/mL, and the limit of detection of the samples was 0.0266–0.0376 μg/mL. The percent recovery at three LoQ levels were 67.9–74.6% for 0.50 μg/mL, 75.5–80.2% for 0.60 μg/mL, and 89.9–96.6% for 0.70 μg/mL. A linear relationship was demonstrated between 0.5 μg/mL and 16.0 μg/mL (R2=0.9995–0.9998). The assay correlated well with LC-MS/MS results (R2=0.9739–0.9828). Conclusions The assay showed acceptable precision, trueness, linearity, and limit of quantification, and correlated well with LC-MS/MS. Therefore, its analytical performance is satisfactory for monitoring the drug concentration of voriconazole.
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Key Words
- Antifungal agents
- CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
- CV, coefficient of variation
- G6PDH, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- LoB, limit of blank
- LoD, limit of detection
- LoQ, limit of quantitation
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- RMSSD, root mean square standard deviation
- SD, standard deviation
- TDM, therapeutic drug monitoring
- Therapeutic drug monitoring
- UV, ultraviolet
- Voriconazole
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbum Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Minje Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eun Young Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Ben Bacha A, Al-Assaf A, Moubayed NMS, Abid I. Evaluation of a novel thermo-alkaline Staphylococcus aureus lipase for application in detergent formulations. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 25:409-417. [PMID: 29686504 PMCID: PMC5910647 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An extracellular lipase of a newly isolated S. aureus strain ALA1 (SAL4) was purified from the optimized culture medium. The SAL4 specific activity determined at 60 °C and pH 12 by using olive oil emulsion or TC4, reached 7215 U/mg and 2484 U/mg, respectively. The 38 NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme starting with two extra amino acid residues (LK) was similar to known staphylococcal lipase sequences. This novel lipase maintained almost 100% and 75% of its full activity in a pH range of 4.0-12 after a 24 h incubation or after 0.5 h treatment at 70 °C, respectively. Interestingly, SAL4 displayed appreciable stability toward oxidizing agents, anionic and non-ionic surfactants in addition to its compatibility with several commercial detergents. Overall, these interesting characteristics make this new lipase promising for its application in detergent industry.
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Key Words
- Characterization
- Detergent-stable
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- NaDC, sodium deoxycholic acid
- NaTDC, sodium taurodeoxy cholic acid
- OD, optical density
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Purification
- S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus
- SAL, Staphylococcus aureus lipase
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SEL, Staphylococcus epidermidis lipase
- SHyL, Staphylococcus hyicus lipase
- SL1, Staphylococcus sp. lipase
- SSL, Staphylococcus simulans lipase
- SXL, Staphylococcus xylosus lipase
- Staphylococcus aureus lipase
- TC18, triolein
- TC3, tripropionin
- TC4, tributryin
- TC8, trioctanoin
- TFA, tri fluoroacetic acid
- Thermo-alkaline
- rDNA, ribosomal deoxy ribo nucleic acid
- rpm, revolutions per minute
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.,Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to Crop Improvement, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Alaa Al-Assaf
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine M S Moubayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islem Abid
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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