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Moço ACR, Gomide JAL, Flauzino JMR, Brussasco JG, Luz LFG, Soares MMCN, Madurro JM, Brito-Madurro AG. Fentogram electrochemical detection of HIV RNA based on graphene quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116025. [PMID: 38422670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the construction of an HIV-specific genosensor through the modification of carbon screen-printed electrodes (CSPE) with graphene quantum dots decorated with L-cysteine and gold nanoparticles (cys-GQDs/AuNps). Cys-GQDs were characterized by FT-IR and UV-vis spectra and electronic properties of the modified electrodes were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The modification of the electrode surface with cys-GQDs and AuNps increased the electrochemical performance of the electrode, improving the electron transfer of the anionic redox probe [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- on the electrochemical platform. When compared to the bare surface, the modified electrode showed a 1.7 times increase in effective electrode area and a 29 times decrease in charge transfer resistance. The genosensor response was performed by differential pulse voltammetry, monitoring the current response of the anionic redox probe, confirmed with real genomic RNA samples, making it possible to detect 1 fg/mL. In addition, the genosensor maintained its response for 60 days at room temperature. This new genosensor platform for early detection of HIV, based on the modification of the electrode surface with cys-GQDs and AuNps, discriminates between HIV-negative and positive samples, showing a low detection limit, as well as good specificity and stability, which are relevant properties for commercial application of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C R Moço
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José A L Gomide
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jose M R Flauzino
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jéssica G Brussasco
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz F G Luz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcia M C N Soares
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Regional Laboratory, 15061-020 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João M Madurro
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana G Brito-Madurro
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Tang JX, Zhao D. Current status of liver transplantation for human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in mainland China. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1958-1962. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i14.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the report from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection exceeded 1.2 million individuals by the year 2022, with an annual increase of about 80000 cases. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among individuals co-infected with HIV reached 13.7%, almost twice the rate of the general population in China. In addition to the well-documented susceptibility to opportunistic infections and new malignancies, HIV infected patients frequently experience liver-related organ damage, with the liver and kidneys being the most commonly affected. This often leads to the development of end-stage liver and kidney diseases. Therefore, organ transplantation has emerged as an important part of active treatment for HIV infected patients. However, the curative effect is not satisfactory. HIV infection has been considered a contraindication for organ transplantation. Until the emergence of highly active anti-retroviral therapy in 1996, the once intractable replication of retrovirus was effectively inhibited. With prolonged survival, the failure of important organs has become the main cause of death among HIV patients. Therefore, transplant centers worldwide have resumed exploration of organ transplantation for HIV-infected individuals and reached a positive conclusion. This study provides an overview of the current landscape of HIV-positive patients receiving liver transplantation (LT) in mainland China. To date, our transplant center has conducted LT for eight end-stage liver disease patients co-infected with HIV, and all but one, who died two months postoperatively due to sepsis and progressive multi-organ failure, have survived. Comparative analysis with hepatitis B virus-infected patients during the same period revealed no statistically significant differences in acute rejection reactions, cytomegalovirus infection, bacteremia, pulmonary infections, acute kidney injury, new-onset cancers, or vascular and biliary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
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3
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Kim HJ, Ko DH. Transfusion-transmitted infections. Blood Res 2024; 59:14. [PMID: 38607595 PMCID: PMC11014835 DOI: 10.1007/s44313-024-00014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of transfusion-transmitted infection (TTI) has always existed because transfused blood products are biological materials derived from humans. To prevent TTIs, screening strategies have been developed for various infectious diseases, such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus, contributing significantly to reducing TTI globally. Nevertheless, septic transfusion reactions (STRs) due to bacterial contamination remain an unresolved issue. Various infectious diseases can be transmitted through blood products, and preventive and selective screening strategies have been applied across different regions. Although multiple strategies, including culture-based and rapid detection kit-based methods, have been introduced to overcome STRs, complete prevention has not yet been achieved. Recently, pathogen inactivation methods have been developed to eliminate non-specific organisms rather than screening specific organisms. This approach is anticipated to contribute significantly to diminishing the risk of TTIs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Joo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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Weatherspoon DJ, Kirk GD, Piggott DA, Thumbigere-Math V, Dye BA, Macek MD. Baltimore oral epidemiology, disease effects, and HIV evaluation study (BEEHIVE) study protocol: a prospective cohort study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:439. [PMID: 38600460 PMCID: PMC11008028 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As antiretroviral therapy has become widely available and highly effective, HIV has evolved to a manageable, chronic disease. Despite this health advancement, people living with HIV (PLWH) are at an increased risk for age-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. Similarly, PLWH are at an increased risk for selected oral diseases. PLWH with a history of injecting drugs experience an even greater burden of disease than their counterparts. The overall objective of the Baltimore Oral Epidemiology, Disease Effects, and HIV Evaluation (BEEHIVE) study is to determine the combined effects of HIV infection and NCDs on oral health status. The specific aims of the study are to: (1) determine to what extent HIV status influences access to and utilization of oral health care services; (2) determine to what extent HIV status affects self-reported and clinical oral health status; (3) determine to what extent HIV status influences the progression of periodontitis; and (4) determine to what extent HIV status impacts the periodontitis-associated oral microbiome signature. METHODS The BEEHIVE study uses a prospective cohort study design to collect data from participants at baseline and at a 24-month follow-up visit. Data are collected through questionnaire assessments, clinical examinations, and evaluation of oral microbiological samples to determine the drivers of oral disease among a high-risk population of PLWH with a history of injection drug use and prevalent comorbid NCDs. The established AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience (ALIVE) cohort serves as the source of participants for the BEEHIVE Study. DISCUSSION Upon completion of the BEEHIVE study, the knowledge gained will be important in informing future clinical and preventive interventions that can be implemented into medical and dental practice to ultimately help eliminate long-standing oral health inequities that PLWH experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darien J Weatherspoon
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, 650 West Baltimore Street, Room 2209, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Gregory D Kirk
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E6533, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Damani A Piggott
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Vivek Thumbigere-Math
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, 650 West Baltimore Street, Room 2209, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Bruce A Dye
- University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, Mail Stop F843 13065 East 17th Avenue, Room 104L, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Mark D Macek
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, 650 West Baltimore Street, Room 2207, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Tang J, Weng R, Fang T, Zhang K, Yan X, Jin X, Xie L, Zhao D. Clinical outcomes of liver transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus coinfected patients in China. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:383. [PMID: 38589801 PMCID: PMC11003048 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been able to improve the immune system function and survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. However, Patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are more likely to develop end-stage liver disease (ESLD) than those infected with HBV alone. Consequently, liver transplantation is often required for these patients. This study evaluates the outcomes of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) of HIV-HBV coinfected patients in China. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis on all HIV-HBV coinfected patients that underwent OLT from April 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 and their outcomes were compared to all HBV monoinfected patients undergoing OLT during the same period. Patient outcomes were determined, including cumulative survival, viral load, CD4 T-cell count and postoperative complications. RESULTS The median follow-up of HIV recipients was 36 months after OLT (interquartile range 12-39 months). Almost all patients had stable CD4 T-cell count (> 200 copies/ul), undetectable HBV DNA levels, and undetectable HIV RNA load during follow-up. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year posttransplant survival rates were 85.7% for the HIV group (unchanged from 1 to 3 years) versus 82.2%, 81.2%, and 78.8% for the non-HIV group. Cumulative survival among HIV-HBV coinfected recipients was not significantly different from the HBV monoinfected recipients (log-rank test P = 0.692). The percentage of deaths attributed to infection was comparable between the HIV and non-HIV groups (14.3% vs. 9.32%, P = 0.665). Post OLT, there was no significant difference in acute rejection, cytomegalovirus infection, bacteremia, pulmonary infection, acute kidney injury, de novo tumor and vascular and biliary complications. CONCLUSIONS Liver transplantation in patients with HIV-HBV coinfection yields excellent outcomes in terms of intermediate- or long-term survival rate and low incidence of postoperative complications in China. These findings suggest that OLT is safe and feasible for HIV-HBV coinfected patients with ESLD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300067631), registered 11 January 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Organ Transplantation Center, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Longgang District, Bulan Road 29#, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruihui Weng
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern, University of Science and Technology, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Taishi Fang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Organ Transplantation Center, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Longgang District, Bulan Road 29#, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kangjun Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Organ Transplantation Center, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Longgang District, Bulan Road 29#, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Organ Transplantation Center, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Longgang District, Bulan Road 29#, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery & Organ Transplantation Center, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Longgang District, Bulan Road 29#, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linjie Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery & Organ Transplantation Center, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Longgang District, Bulan Road 29#, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery & Organ Transplantation Center, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Longgang District, Bulan Road 29#, 518000, Shenzhen, China.
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Cheng FC, Chang JYF, Chiang CP. A long-term oral health care for a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient under the coverage of Taiwan's National Health Insurance system. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1297-1300. [PMID: 38618065 PMCID: PMC11010673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chou Cheng
- Chia-Te Dental Clinic, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Science Education Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Julia Yu-Fong Chang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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Tomaino MV, Sanchez Costantini M, Alfaro CT. Pseudotumoral herpes genitalis in a woman living with HIV: Diagnosis and treatment challenges. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:405-408. [PMID: 38031871 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231218759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the leading cause of genital ulcers worldwide. In rare cases, mostly among immunocompromised hosts, HSV infections can present as hypertrophic pseudotumoral forms simulating malignancies or often mistaken as other viral infections, usually resistant to conventional antiviral therapy and often requiring alternative therapeutic approaches. A high level of clinical suspicion is needed. We present a case of woman living with HIV with pseudotumoral vulvar herpes refractory to oral acyclovir, successfully treated with systemic foscarnet and topical imiquimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Tomaino
- Infectious Diseases Division, Hospital Nacional Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Argentina
| | | | - Carmen T Alfaro
- Pathology Division, Hospital Nacional Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Argentina
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Nurjannah, Jayanti S, Tanoerahardjo FS, Al Musyahadah US, Sukowati CHC, Massi MN. Major Drug Resistance Mutations on Reverse Transcriptase Gene in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 in Indonesia: A Systematic Review. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2024; 21:31-39. [PMID: 38244171 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prevalence of HIV-1 in Indonesia is on a concerning upward trajectory, with a concurrent rise in the development of drug-resistant strains, challenging the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Many mutations have been found in the pol gene that makes HIV resistant to ART. We aim to review the major drug resistance mutations (DRMs) of reverse transcriptase (RT) of pol gene in HIV-1 cases in Indonesia. RECENT FINDINGS A total of eleven articles reporting DRMs in HIV-1 subjects from various regions between 2015-2020 in Indonesia are included. The prevalence of major DRMs on the RT gene in studies included varies from 3.4% to 34%. The CRF01_AE subtype stands out as the predominant variant. Notably, the prevalence of major DRMs in ART-experienced individuals is 22.1%, while ART-naïve individuals show a lower rate of 4.4%. Among the RT gene mutations, M184I/V emerges as the most prevalent (10.5%) within the nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) group, while K103N leads among the non-NRTI (NNRTI) group, with a frequency of 6.4%. Regionally, North Sulawesi records the highest prevalence of major DRMs in the RT gene at 21.1%, whereas Riau and Central Papua exhibit the lowest rates at 3.4%. Significant variations in drug resistance mutations within the RT gene across Indonesian regions highlight the importance of closely monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of current antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. Considerably, more studies are needed to understand better and overcome the emergence of DRMs on HIV-1 patients in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurjannah
- Postgraduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
- Ministry of Health of Republic Indonesia, Jakarta Selatan, 12950, Indonesia
| | - Sri Jayanti
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | | | - Ummu Syauqah Al Musyahadah
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Health Technology, University of Megarezky, Makassar, 90234, Indonesia
| | - Caecilia Hapsari Ceriapuri Sukowati
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
- Liver Cancer Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, AREA Science Park, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Muhammad Nasrum Massi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.
- Hasanuddin University Medical Research Center Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.
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Díez-Manglano J, Del Corral-Beamonte E. Pulmonary Function in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Meta-Analysis. Arch Bronconeumol 2024; 60:200-206. [PMID: 38311508 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV can infect bronchial epithelial cells rendering individuals susceptible to lung damage. Our objective was to determine the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on pulmonary function tests. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis after conducting a literature search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Virtual Health Library databases from inception to December 31st, 2022. We employed the inverse variance method with a random effects model to calculate the effect estimate as the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We calculated the heterogeneity with the I2 statistic and performed a meta-regression analysis by age, sex, smoking, CD4 T-cells count and antiretroviral therapy. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis according to the studies' publication date, and excluding the study with the greatest weight in the effect. The PROSPERO registry number was CRD42023401105. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 20 studies, with 7621 living with HIV and 7410 control participants. The pooled MD (95%CI) for the predicted percentage of FEV1, FVC and DLCO were -3.12 (-5.17, -1.06); p=0.003, -1.51 (-3.04, 0.02); p=0.05, and -5.26 (-6.64, -3.87); p<0.001, respectively. The pooled MD for FEV1/FVC was -0.01 (-0.02, -0.01); p=0.002. In all cases, there was a considerable heterogeneity. The meta-regression analysis showed that among studies heterogeneity was not explained by patient age, smoking, CD4 T-cells count or antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSION Pulmonary function tests are impaired in people living with HIV, independently of age, smoking, CD4 T-cells count, and geographical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Díez-Manglano
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain.
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Giri S, Sahu P, Kanungo S, Bal HB, Kumar S, Kar S, Mohanty T, Turuk J, Das D, Hota PK, Pati S. Diabetes mellitus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in people with tuberculosis in Odisha, India. Indian J Tuberc 2024; 71:147-152. [PMID: 38589118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modelling studies have indicated that approximately 20% of all tuberculosis (TB) cases may suffer from diabetes mellitus (DM). DM increases the risk of developing active TB disease by 2-3 times. People living with HIV (PLHIV) are more likely to develop TB disease, and TB is a leading cause of hospitalization and death among PLHIV. Despite the substantial burden of DM and HIV in India, few studies have evaluated the prevalence of DM and HIV among active cases of TB, and its impact on the treatment outcome for TB. This study evaluated the burden of HIV and DM in TB cases from Odisha during 2019, and its impact on the TB treatment outcome. METHODS The study utilized data on TB patients of Odisha during 2019, from the NIKSHAY portal, the health management information system (HMIS) of TB in India. This is a retrospective observational registry-based cohort study, which evaluated a linkage between socio-demographic predictors, clinical diagnostic and treatment predictors, time of treatment predictors, and co-morbidity with TB. Data were retrieved electronically in Microsoft-Excel and analysis was done using STATA 16 (StataCorp. 2019, College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC). RESULTS Data for 47,831 TB cases of Odisha as study population was extracted from the Nikshay application for the year 2019. The highest prevalence (31.1%, 14,863/47,831) of TB was observed among young participants aged 15-30 years, whereas the prevalence was least among children <14 years (4.4%, 2124/47,831). Males had a higher prevalence of TB (66.7%, 31,878/47,831). Of the 47,831 TB cases included in the study, 7.6% (3659/47,831) had diabetes mellitus (DM), along with TB. 1.2% (571/47,831) had HIV along with TB, while only 0.08% (37/47,831) had both DM and HIV along with TB. 88.2% (3148/3569) of cases with DM and TB had a favorable outcome, compared to 82.3% (449/541) of cases with HIV and TB. People with TB who did not have DM had a significantly higher favorable outcome (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.5-1.8) compared to those with TB and DM. Similarly, TB cases who did not have HIV infection had a significantly higher favorable outcome (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.9-3.0) compared to those with TB and HIV. CONCLUSION Our study showed that presence of DM and/or HIV in TB patients had an impact on the TB treatment outcome. There is a crucial need to prevent comorbidities such as DM and HIV from occurring and to prioritize early diagnosis and management of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Giri
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India
| | - Priyanka Sahu
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India
| | - Himadri Bhusan Bal
- National Reference Laboratory for TB, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India
| | - Sujeet Kumar
- National Reference Laboratory for TB, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India
| | - Sarita Kar
- National Reference Laboratory for TB, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India
| | - Triyambakesh Mohanty
- National Reference Laboratory for TB, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Turuk
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India
| | - Dasarathi Das
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India.
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Naidu EC, Olojede SO, Lawal SK, Azu OO. Histomorphometric changes in testis following administration of tenofovir nanoparticles in an animal model. Discov Nano 2024; 19:56. [PMID: 38526666 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticle-based drugs are new inventions in the management of the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic, especially resistant forms of the virus in anatomical sanctuary sites and organs such as the testis. However, safety issues must be resolved to attain the optimal potential of newer nano-drug formulations. AIM The study investigated the toxicological potential of synthesized Tenofovir Nanoparticles (TDF-N) on testicular indices when used for the prevention and treatment of HIV. METHODOLOGY Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with weight ranging from 230 g to 250 g were randomly assigned into groups A (control, saline), B (TDF), and C (TDF-N). The testes were removed for sperm analysis and processed for H/E and PAS stains. Cell counts and cellular measurements; the diameter and the area of the testicular seminiferous tubules were measured using ImageJ and Leica software 2.0. RESULTS A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in sperm count was noticed in the TDF-N group. Also observed in the TDF and TDF-N groups was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in sperm motility and in the number of dead sperms compared with the control. Sperm abnormalities such as distorted basement membranes, loss of germ cells, hypocellular interstitium, and loss of spermatogenic series were increased in the TDF and TDF-N groups. There was also a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the cell count, diameter, and area of seminiferous tubules observed in these groups. CONCLUSION TDF and TDF-N may be detrimental to the testis and testicular tissue, leading to significantly reduced sperm counts, motility, and ultimately-male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Coleridge Naidu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, 5117, South Africa.
| | - Sodiq Kolawole Lawal
- School of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Onyemaechi Okpara Azu
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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Cen P, Xu G, Wu J, Qin J, He J, Deng X, Yang X, Lu P, Nong M, Jiang J, Ye L, Tang H, Liang B, Liang H. Effectiveness of human immunodeficiency virus prevention strategies by mapping the geographic dispersion pattern of human immunodeficiency virus prevalence in Nanning, China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:831. [PMID: 38493080 PMCID: PMC10944615 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Guangxi government initiated two rounds of the Guangxi AIDS Conquering Project (GACP) in 2010 (Phase I) and 2015 (Phase II) to control human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemics. However, the effectiveness of GACP in HIV prevention and treatment has rarely been reported. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the GACP implemented in Guangxi, China and provide data for strategy and praxis improvements to achieve Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 95-95 targets. METHODS We used spatial approaches to trace the spatiotemporal distribution properties, epidemic trends, and correlation between macroscopic factors and HIV incidence using data from the Chinese HIV/AIDS case reporting system to explore the effects of the GACP. RESULTS During the GACP era, the HIV epidemic stabilized in urban centers, showing a downward trend in the Hengzhou and Binyang Counties in the eastern region, whereas it continued to increase in rural areas of the northwest region, such as the Long'an, Mashan, Shanglin, and Wuming Districts. The linear directional mean (LDM) of HIV infection reported cases displayed a southeast-northwest direction, with an LDM value of 12.52°. Compared with that in Phase I, Hengzhou withdrew from the high-high clustering area, and the west-north suburban counties pulled out the low-low clustering area during Phase II. Significant HIV clusters were identified in the eastern region during Phase I, whereas these clusters emerged in the northwestern areas during Phase II. Regarding HIV, socioeconomic status, population mobility, and medical care levels were the key social drivers of heterogeneous spatial distribution. CONCLUSIONS The GACP assisted in effectively managing the HIV epidemic in urban and eastern areas of Nanning City. However, prevention and control efforts in rural regions, particularly those located in the northwest, may not have yielded comparable outcomes. To address this disparity, allocating additional resources and implementing tailored intervention measures for these rural areas are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cen
- Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Guo Xu
- Nanning Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianxun Wu
- Nanning Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiao Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinfeng He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaofang Deng
- Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Nanning Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengni Nong
- Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Junjun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongyang Tang
- Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China.
| | - Bingyu Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Yang S, Feng C, Fei T, Wu D, Feng L, Yuan F, Fu Y, Ma H, Yu B, Liu L, Li Y, Li Y, Huang Y, Su L, Pei X, Yang W, Yang Y, Zeng Y, Ye L, Yang H, Gong Y, Zhang L, Yuan D, Liang S, Jia P. Mortality risk of people living with HIV under hypothetical intervention scenarios of PM2.5 and HIV severity: a prospective cohort study. Sci Total Environ 2024; 916:169938. [PMID: 38199346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This study estimated and compared mortality risks among people living with HIV (PLWH) under the real-world and hypothetical scenarios of PM2.5 concentrations and HIV severity. An open cohort from all PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy in Sichuan during 2010-2019 was constructed, resulting in 541,515 person-years. Annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 were estimated and linked to PLWH by their residential address. The parametric g-formula were used to assess 3- and 5-year mortality risks under the real-world and hypothetical scenarios of PM2.5 (10-35, 35-50, 50-75 μg/m3) and CD4 concentrations (0-200, 200-500, 500-800, 800-1100 counts/μl). The estimated 3- and 5-year mortality risks among the PLWH were 14.43 % and 19.38 %, respectively, which would decrease substantially when annual PM2.5 concentration were reduced to between 10 and 35 μg/m3 (risk difference [RD] = -3.23 % and - 4.06 %) and would increase when PM2.5 concentration were elevated to between 50 and 75 μg/m3 (RD = 3.59 % and 5.04 %). The mortality risk would increase when CD4 concentration were reduced to <200 counts/μl (RD = 15.90 % and 20.27 %) and would decrease when CD4 concentration were ≥ 200 counts/μl, especially to between 800 and 1100 counts/μl (RD = -9.01 % and - 11.75 %). The elevated concentration of PM2.5 may disproportionately affect individuals with immune deficiency, especially those with more severity. The findings would serve as justifications for future intervention design and policy making to alleviate air pollution and improve environmental justice and health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanteng Feng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China
| | - Teng Fei
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Wu
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Liao Feng
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengshun Yuan
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Fu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Ma
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yizhuo Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuling Huang
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Su
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodi Pei
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yali Zeng
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Ye
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shu Liang
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
| | - Peng Jia
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China; School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Vásquez Manau J, Marcelo Calvo C, De Gea Grela A, Ramos Ruperto L, Serrano L, Busca Arenzana C, Micán R, de Miguel Buckley R, Montejano Sanchez R, Bernardino I, Valencia ME, Moreno V, Montes ML, Arribas JR, González J, Martín-Carbonero L. Epidemiological characteristic and prognosis changes in chronic hepatitis B in people living with HIV. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2024; 42:130-134. [PMID: 37003903 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment and vaccination during the last decades in Spain, epidemiological and prognosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) may have changed. METHODS Retrospective review of CHB-HIV coinfected patients in a single reference center in Madrid until year 2019. We compared incidence, epidemiological and clinical characteristics according diagnosis period (before 2000, 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014, 2015-2019). A retrospective longitudinal study was done to assess mortality, related risk factors and hepatic decompensation. RESULTS Out of 5452 PLHIV, 160 had CHB (prevalence 2.92%; 95%CI 2.5-3.4), 85.6% were men, median age 32.1 (27-37.2). Incidence rate did not change over the years (2.4/100 patients-year). PLHIV with CHB diagnosed before year 2000 (n = 87) compared with those diagnosed between 2015 and 2019 (n = 11) were more often native-Spanish (90.8% vs. 18.2%), had infected using intravenous drugs (55.2% vs. 0), were coinfected with hepatitis C (40% vs. 9.1%) or hepatitis delta virus (30.4% vs. 0) and had more severe liver disease (cirrhosis 24.1% vs. 0). After a median follow-up of 20.4 years, 23 patients died (7.1/1000 patients-year) and 19 had liver decompensation (4.9/1000 patients-year). All deaths and liver decompensation occurred in patients diagnosed before year 2010. Mortality was associated with higher liver fibrosis in Fibroscan® (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.09). CONCLUSION The epidemiology of CHB in PLHIV in our cohort is changing with less native Spanish, more sexually transmitted cases and less coinfection with other hepatotropic virus. Patients diagnosed before 2010 have worst prognosis related to higher grades of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Vásquez Manau
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Marcelo Calvo
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | - Lucía Serrano
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Busca Arenzana
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de VIH, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFECC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Micán
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de VIH, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFECC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa de Miguel Buckley
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de VIH, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFECC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Montejano Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de VIH, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFECC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bernardino
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de VIH, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFECC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Eulalia Valencia
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de VIH, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFECC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de VIH, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Montes
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de VIH, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFECC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Ramón Arribas
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de VIH, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFECC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan González
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de VIH, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFECC), Madrid, Spain
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Mokoena H, Mabhida SE, Choshi J, Dludla PV, Nkambule BB, Mchiza ZJ, Ndwandwe DE, Kengne AP, Hanser S. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases in people living with HIV on specific highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen: A systematic review of clinical studies. Atheroscler Plus 2024; 55:47-54. [PMID: 38379882 PMCID: PMC10876676 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite the improved efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in viral suppression, emerging evidence indicates an increased burden of noncommunicable diseases in people living with HIV (PLWH). Immune activation and persistently elevated levels of inflammation have been associated with endothelial dysfunction in PLWH, likely contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Here, electronic search databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct were used to retrieve scientific evidence reporting on any association between markers of endothelial function and CVD-related outcomes in PLWH on HAART. Extracted data was subjected to quality assessment using the Downs and Black checklist. Most (60 %) of the results indicated the presence of endothelial dysfunction in PLWH on HAART, and this was mainly through reduced flow mediated dilation and elevated serum makers of adhesion molecules like ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectin. The summarized evidence indicates an association between persistently elevated markers of endothelial dysfunction and a pro-inflammatory state in PLWH on HAART. Only a few studies reported on improved endothelial function markers in PLWH on HAART, while limited evidence is available to prove that endothelial dysfunction is associated with CVD-risk, which could be attributed to therapeutic effects of HAART. Limited studies with relatively high quality of evidence were included in this systematic review. In conclusion, results from this review lay an important foundation for future research, even a meta-analysis, that will improve the understanding of the contributing factors to the burden of CVDs in PLWH on HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haskly Mokoena
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Sihle E. Mabhida
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Joel Choshi
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3880, South Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Zandile J. Mchiza
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Duduzile E. Ndwandwe
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - André P. Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Sidney Hanser
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
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Yaprak L, Çetinkaya Yaprak A, Sarigül F, Erkan Pota Ç, Ayan A. Comparison of retinochoroidal and optic nerve head microvascular circulation between HIV-positive patients and healthy subjects using optical coherence tomography angiography. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:104015. [PMID: 38129198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the retinal, choroidal, and optic disc head microvascular circulation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals without retinopathy receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 100 eyes of 100 patients with HIV infection but no HIV-related ocular disease and 108 eyes of 108 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as the control group. SS-OCTA was used to assess foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL), choriocapillaris (CC) flow area, outer retinal (OR) thickness, radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density (VD), ONH VD, and choroidal thickness. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups except in the foveal VD of the deep capillary plexus (DCP). The foveal VD of the DCP was lower in the HIV-positive group (P=0.011). The mean FAZ area (mm2), perimeter (mm), and CC flow area (mm) values were higher in the HIV-positive group at statistically significant levels (P=0.021, P=0.02, and P=0.039, respectively). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups concerning the OR flow area, subfoveal choroidal thickness, or the VDs of the RPC or ONH. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in the literature to evaluate the microvascular circulation of the ONH in HIV-positive patients. Although retinal and choroidal microvascular circulation decreased in HIV-positive patients receiving HAART treatment, we found no effect on the microvascular circulation of the ONH or RPC microvascular circulation. Our findings suggest that retinochoroidal microvascular circulation is affected in HIV-positive patients over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yaprak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antalya and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - A Çetinkaya Yaprak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
| | - F Sarigül
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Antalya Life Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ç Erkan Pota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Manavgat State Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - A Ayan
- Department of Rheumatologys, Antalya and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Antalya, Turkey
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Brito MJ, Sequeira P, Quintas A, Silva I, Silva F, Martins C, Félix A. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinoma of HIV-infected and non-infected patients. Virchows Arch 2024; 484:507-516. [PMID: 37341812 PMCID: PMC11021248 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is overexpressed in cervical carcinoma, hindering tumor destruction. The aim of this study was to assess PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) from human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) and human immunodeficiency virus-negative (HIV-) patients. A total of 166 SCC and SIL samples of HIV+ and HIV- patients were included and analyzed for PD-L1 expression through tumor proportion score (TPS), and results were stratified in five TPS groups using SP263 antibody and, combined positive score (CPS) using 22C3 antibody. In cohort 1 (SP263 clone), all HIV+ patients were negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) scored < 1; and 87.5% of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) adjacent to SCC, 19% of HSILs non-adjacent to SCC, and 69% of SCCs scored ≥ 1 (15.4% scored 5). In HIV- patients, all NILM, LSILs, HSILs adjacent to SCC, and two HSILs non-adjacent to SCC scored < 1. SCC: 88.2% scored ≥ 1 and 5.9% scored 5. In cohort 2 (SP263 and 22C3 clones), 16.7% of HIV+ patients with SCC were positive with both clones, CPS ≥ 1 (22C3) or score 5 (≥ 50%) (SP263), showing no significant differences in positivity between both clones. These results indicate that a relatively low percentage of SCCs (16.7%; both in HIV+ and in HIV- patients) express PD-L1 (TPS ≥ 50% and CPS > 1), which may be due to some samples being archival material, sample characteristics, or use of different methodologies, highlighting the need for standardization of PD-L1 assessment in SCC of the cervix. The fact that PD-L1 is overexpressed in SILs of HIV+ patients suggests potential additional applications for immunotherapy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Brito
- Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal.
- Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Avenida Brasília, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | - Fernanda Silva
- NOVA Medical Research, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Martins
- NOVA Medical Research, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CHRC, Comprehensive Health Research Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Félix
- Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Avenida Brasília, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical Research, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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Sewnarain S, Singh S, Naicker T. Placental progesterone and its receptor in HIV-infected pre-eclamptic women. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:255-267. [PMID: 37975897 PMCID: PMC10912128 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Given the high prevalence of HIV infection and pre-eclampsia (PE) in South Africa, this study evaluated and compared the placental immunostaining of progesterone (P) and progesterone receptors (PR) in the synergy of HIV-infected PE compared to normotensive pregnant women using immunohistochemistry interfaced with morphometric image analysis. Progesterone immunostaining was expressed widely across exchange and conducting villi within mesenchymal, endothelial, and trophoblast cells. In contrast, PR was expressed within syncytiotrophoblasts and was absent within endothelial cells. In exchange villi, P and PR immuno-expression was significantly lower in PE compared to the normotensive group (p = < 0.0001 and p = < 0.0001, respectively) and within the early-onset pre-eclampsia (EOPE) compared to the late-onset pre-eclampsia (LOPE) group (p = < 0.0001 and p = < 0.0001, respectively). Progesterone immuno-expression was significantly lower in the HIV+ compared to the HIV- group (p = < 0.0001), whilst PR was non-significant. In conducting villi, P and PR immuno-expression was significantly lower in the EOPE compared to the LOPE group (p = < 0.0001 and p = < 0.0001, respectively) and in the HIV+ compared to the HIV- group (p = < 0.0001 and p = 0.0009, respectively). Progesterone immuno-expression was slightly higher in the PE compared to normotensive group, and PR immuno-expression was non-significant. There was a significant difference between P and PR within exchange versus conducting villi regardless of pregnancy type, with villi type accounting for 34.47% and 15.28% of total variance for P and PR, respectively. Placental P and PR immuno-expression is downregulated in the duality of PE and HIV+ infection. The use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) may result in defective P synthesis, which causes insufficient binding to its receptors. Consequently, PI3K/AKT, JAK-STAT, and MAPK signalling pathways are affected, impairing trophoblast invasion and leading to pre-eclampsia development. Notably, the decrease in P and PR immuno-expression in EOPE validates their effect on placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serisha Sewnarain
- Optics and Imaging Centre, College of Health Sciences, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella, Durban, 4013, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - Shoohana Singh
- Optics and Imaging Centre, College of Health Sciences, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella, Durban, 4013, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, College of Health Sciences, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella, Durban, 4013, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Reimer Jensen AM, Frikke-Schmidt R, Gelpi M, Knudsen AD, Benfield T, Nordestgaard BG, Afzal S, Biering-Sørensen T, Nielsen SD. Elevated plasma apolipoprotein E levels in people living with HIV: Associations with biomarkers and HIV-specific risk factors. Atherosclerosis 2024; 390:117457. [PMID: 38301603 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a crucial role in cholesterol metabolism, and high levels of apoE in plasma are associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. We aimed to assess if HIV is independently associated with high plasma apoE and to determine HIV-related risk factors for high plasma apoE. METHODS We included 661 people with HIV (PWH) from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV (COCOMO) study with available measurement of plasma apoE. COCOMO participants were frequency matched 1:1 on age and sex with controls from the Copenhagen General Population Study. High plasma apoE was defined as levels above the 90th percentile (66.2 mg/L). The association between HIV and high plasma apoE was assessed using logistic regression models. Among PWH, both linear and logistic regression models were used to determine HIV-specific risk factors for high plasma apoE. RESULTS Mean age was 52 years and 89 % were male. Median plasma apoE was 49.0 mg/L in PWH and 43.3 mg/L in controls, p < 0.001. HIV was associated with higher plasma apoE after adjusting for potential confounders, including triglycerides (odds ratio 2.14 [95 % CI: 1.39-3.29], p < 0.001). In PWH, higher plasma apoE was associated with a previous AIDS-defining condition in linear models before adjustment for triglycerides and integrase strand transfer inhibitor use in fully adjusted linear models. CONCLUSIONS PWH had higher plasma apoE than controls even after adjusting for triglycerides. Further studies are needed to elucidate the clinical impact of high plasma apoE in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Reimer Jensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Gentofte, Denmark; Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Gelpi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas D Knudsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Tor Biering-Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Gentofte, Denmark; Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Du Y, Onyango-Makumbi C, Walia B, Owor M, Musoke P, Owora AH. Correlates of early breastfeeding cessation and breastmilk expression in Uganda: a case-control study. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605231223041. [PMID: 38443751 PMCID: PMC10916486 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231223041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the correlates of early breastfeeding (BF) cessation and breastmilk expression (BE) among mothers 12 months after childbirth. METHODS We used a case-control study design to compare characteristics between mothers who stopped BF and expressed breastmilk 12 months after childbirth in Uganda. BF practices were determined in 12-month follow-up interviews using an adapted World Health Organization infant feeding questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate logistic regression models identified correlates of early BF cessation and BE as distinct but related outcomes. RESULTS The odds of early BF cessation were higher among mothers who expressed breastmilk irrespective of maternal age (adjusted odds ratio: 2.82; 95% confidence interval: 1.39, 5.68). Mothers who stopped BF and did not express breastmilk were more likely to be older than those who continued BF and did not express breastmilk during the first 12 postpartum months. CONCLUSION Mothers living with human immunodeficiency virus infection have disproportionately high odds of early BF cessation that may contribute to disparities in child health outcomes. Promotion of safe BF practices coupled with family and social support could be a viable preventive strategy for attenuating such disparities, especially among young mothers at risk of early BF cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Carolyn Onyango-Makumbi
- Makerere University, Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (MUJHU), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bhavneet Walia
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Maxie Owor
- Makerere University, Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (MUJHU), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Phillipa Musoke
- Makerere University, Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (MUJHU), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Arthur H. Owora
- Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
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Thanh Nguyen HT, Nguyen LT, Thanh Hoang HT, Bui DH, Thu Phan HT, Van Khuu N, Hong Ngo HT, Dang DA, Mirzazadeh A, McFarland W, Pham TH. Increase in human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis prevalence and incidence among men who have sex with men, vietnam 2015 - 2020. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:197-205. [PMID: 37967472 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231214583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assessed trends in HIV and syphilis prevalence, HIV incidence, related risk factors, and preventive behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam from 2015 to 2020. METHODS Data originated from the HIV Sentinel Surveillance Plus system, which sampled MSM at venues and hotspots in seven of Vietnam's 63 provinces in 2015, 2016, 2018, and 2020 (N = 1100-1445 per year; ∼150-300 per province per year). RESULTS HIV prevalence estimates increased from 6.6% (95% CI 4.5-9.6) in 2015 to 13.8% (95% CI 10.5-18.2, p = .001 for trend) in 2020 overall, and separately in An Giang, Can Tho, Hai Phong, and Khanh Hoa provinces but not in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, or Kien Giang. Syphilis prevalence increased from 2.7% (95% CI 1.4-5.1) in 2015 to 12.6% (95% CI 8.7-18.0) in 2020 overall (p < .001 for trend), and separately in An Giang, Can Tho, and Hai Phong provinces but not in Ho Chi Minh City or Kien Giang. We calculated time-at-risk from first anal sex to first HIV-positive or last HIV-negative test to estimate HIV incidence. Estimated HIV incidence suggested increasing rates of seroconversion from 1.36 per 100 person-years experienced by participants in 2015 to 2.61 per 100 person-years among participants in 2020 (hazard ratio per year 1.13, 95% CI 1.08-1.18, p < .001). There was a statistically significant increase in HIV testing, STI testing, and receipt of free condoms over the period (p < .05 for trend), and a statistically significant decrease in amphetamine use (p = .043 for trend). CONCLUSIONS Despite prevention efforts and improvements in some risk indicators, consecutive cross-sectional sampling results provide evidence of increasing incidence of HIV and syphilis among MSM in Vietnam, especially outside the major cities. Aggressive HIV prevention and treatment services can be expanded while conducting deeper investigations into the causes of these increases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ly Thuy Nguyen
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Duc Hoang Bui
- Vietnam Administration for HIV/AIDS Control, Ministry of Heath, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Duc Anh Dang
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ali Mirzazadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Willi McFarland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Thang Hong Pham
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Siew ZY, Asudas E, Khoo CT, Cho GH, Voon K, Fang CM. Fighting nature with nature: antiviral compounds that target retroviruses. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:130. [PMID: 38416180 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a type of lentivirus that targets the human immune system and leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at a later stage. Up to 2021, there are millions still living with HIV and many have lost their lives. To date, many anti-HIV compounds have been discovered in living organisms, especially plants and marine sponges. However, no treatment can offer a complete cure, but only suppressing it with a life-long medication, known as combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) which are often associated with various adverse effects. Also, it takes many years for a discovered compound to be approved for clinical use. Thus, by employing advanced technologies such as automation, conducting systematic screening and testing protocols may boost the discovery and development of potent and curative therapeutics for HIV infection/AIDS. In this review, we aim to summarize the antiretroviral therapies/compounds and their associated drawbacks since the discovery of azidothymidine. Additionally, we aim to provide an updated analysis of the most recent discoveries of promising antiretroviral candidates, along with an exploration of the current limitations within antiretroviral research. Finally, we intend to glean insightful perspectives and propose future research directions in this crucial area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yun Siew
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Elishea Asudas
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chia Ting Khoo
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gang Hyeon Cho
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kenny Voon
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Mun Fang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Heidary M, Shariati S, Nourigheimasi S, Khorami M, Moradi M, Motahar M, Bahrami P, Akrami S, Kaviar VH. Mechanism of action, resistance, interaction, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of fostemsavir. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:250. [PMID: 38395761 PMCID: PMC10885622 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has licensed many antiretroviral medications to treat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), however, treatment options for people with multi-drug resistant HIV remain limited. Medication resistance, undesirable effects, prior tolerance, and previous interlacement incapacity to deliver new drug classes all lead to the requirement for new medication classes and drug combination therapy. Fostemsavir (FTR) is a new CD-4 attachment inhibitor medicine that was recently authorized by the United States FDA to treat HIV-1. In individuals with multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV-1, FTR is well tolerated and virologically active. According to recent investigations, drug combination therapy can positively affect MDR-HIV. The mechanism of action, resistance, interaction, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of FTR has been highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shariati
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mona Khorami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Melika Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Moloudsadat Motahar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parisa Bahrami
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sousan Akrami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahab Hassan Kaviar
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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24
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Rodrigues Alves N, Barão C, Mota C, Costa L, Proença RP. Immune recovery uveitis: a focus review. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06415-y. [PMID: 38381160 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune recovery uveitis (IRU) is an intraocular inflammation that typically occurs as part of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in the eye. Typically, it affects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with recognized or unrecognized cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). IRU is a common cause of new vision loss in these patients, and it manifests with a wide range of symptoms and an increased risk of inflammatory complications, such as macular edema. Recently, similar IRU-like responses have been observed in non-HIV individuals with immune reconstitution following immunosuppression of diverse etiologies, posing challenges in diagnosis and treatment. This review provides an updated overview of the current literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, biomarkers, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment strategies for IRU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unidade Local de Saúde de São José, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Rua José António Serrano, 1150-199, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Barão
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unidade Local de Saúde de São José, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Rua José António Serrano, 1150-199, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Mota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unidade Local de Saúde de São José, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Rua José António Serrano, 1150-199, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lívio Costa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unidade Local de Saúde de São José, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Rua José António Serrano, 1150-199, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Pinto Proença
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unidade Local de Saúde de São José, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Rua José António Serrano, 1150-199, Lisbon, Portugal
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Yoshitomi Y, Kawashima A, Nakayama H, Nakamoto T, Ando N, Uemura H, Mizushima D, Aoki T, Tanuma J, Teruya K, Gatanaga H, Watanabe K. Local radiotherapy for chemotherapy-refractory Kaposi's sarcoma in an HIV-infected patient: A case report and literature review. J Infect Chemother 2024:S1341-321X(24)00052-7. [PMID: 38387788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (HIV-KS) is a well-documented vascular tumor with a pathogenesis involving human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) and chemotherapy are effective for treating most KS cases, some become refractory. In this report, we present a case of a 58-year-old man with refractory HIV-KS treated with ART and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was eventually discontinued due to an adverse reaction, and the patient presented with painful plantar lesions that impaired ambulation. With the exclusion of visceral metastases, localized radiotherapy was administered, which resulted in significant cosmetic and functional improvements. The patient regained ambulation and lived independently, receiving additional radiotherapy as needed. This case underscores the potential use of radiotherapy for the treatment of ART-resistant KS, particularly when the patient is unresponsive to conventional chemotherapy. It also highlights the need for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Yoshitomi
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kawashima
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo, Japan; The Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Kumamoto University Campus, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Hidetsugu Nakayama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Nakamoto
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naokatsu Ando
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Uemura
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mizushima
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Aoki
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Tanuma
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuji Teruya
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Gatanaga
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo, Japan; The Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Kumamoto University Campus, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koji Watanabe
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo, Japan; The Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Kumamoto University Campus, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan.
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26
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Kim SM, Choi Y, Kang S, Hiv/Aids Cohort Study K. Smoothed quantile residual life regression analysis with application to the Korea HIV/AIDS cohort study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2024; 24:44. [PMID: 38368350 PMCID: PMC10873972 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-024-02159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The residual life of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is of major interest to patients and their physicians. While existing analyses of HIV patient survival focus mostly on data collected at baseline, residual life analysis allows for dynamic analysis based on additional data collected over a period of time. As survival times typically exhibit a right-skewed distribution, the median provides a more useful summary of the underlying distribution than the mean. In this paper, we propose an efficient inference procedure that fits a semiparametric quantile regression model assessing the effect of longitudinal biomarkers on the residual life of HIV patients until the development of dyslipidemia, a disease becoming more prevalent among those with HIV. METHODS For estimation of model parameters, we propose an induced smoothing method that smooths nonsmooth estimating functions based on check functions. For variance estimation, we propose an efficient resampling-based estimator. The proposed estimators are theoretically justified. Simulation studies are used to evaluate their finite sample performances, including their prediction accuracy. We analyze the Korea HIV/AIDS cohort study data to examine the effects of CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) cell count on the residual life of HIV patients to the onset of dyslipidemia. RESULTS The proposed estimator is shown to be consistent and normally distributed asymptotically. Under various simulation settings, our estimates are approximately unbiased. Their variances estimates are close to the empirical variances and their computational efficiency is superior to that of the nonsmooth counterparts. Two measures of prediction performance indicate that our method adequately reflects the dynamic character of longitudinal biomarkers and residual life. The analysis of the Korea HIV/AIDS cohort study data shows that CD4 cell count is positively associated with residual life to the onset of dyslipidemia but the effect is not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our method enables direct prediction of residual lifetimes with a dynamic feature that accommodates data accumulated at different times. Our estimator significantly improves computational efficiency in variance estimation compared to the existing nonsmooth estimator. Analysis of the HIV/AIDS cohort study data reveals dynamic effects of CD4 cell count on the residual life to the onset of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Kim
- Department of Applied Statistics, College of Commerce and Economics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Health and Society, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsu Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Health and Society, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwook Kang
- Department of Applied Statistics, College of Commerce and Economics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, College of Commerce and Economics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Korea Hiv/Aids Cohort Study
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Johnsen HM, Øgård-Repål A, Martinez SG, Fangen K, Bårdsen Aas K, Ersfjord EMI. Patients' perceptions of use, needs, and preferences related to a telemedicine solution for HIV care in a Norwegian outpatient clinic: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:209. [PMID: 38360650 PMCID: PMC10870609 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telemedicine in outpatient services for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) was scaled up during the COVID-19 pandemic as services transitioned to remote care. Many studies have reported on the challenges and advantages of telemedicine care during the pandemic. However, there is limited research on the provision of telemedicine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, which entails different telemedicine components and focuses on ways to improve the telemedicine experience for patients. This study aimed to explore PLHIV's perceptions of use, needs, and preferences related to a telemedicine solution for HIV care in an outpatient clinic in Norway. The telemedicine solution included a pre-consultation questionnaire, asynchronous digital messages, and video consultation. METHODS Qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 PLHIV. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS We identified four main themes that covered the participants' perceptions, needs, and preferences: (1) perceived usability, (2) maintaining confidentiality, (3) accommodating personal preferences, and (4) perceived usefulness. Some participants had difficulty logging into the telemedicine solution. Other participants suggested additional functionalities, such as picture sharing and access to test result. Telemedicine care enabled the avoidance of stigmatising clinic experiences, although a few participants reported concerns about confidentiality and data security. Accommodating personal preferences and needs in terms of the type of consultations (in-person or video) and frequency of visits was essential to the participants. With telemedicine care, participants felt more in control of their own lives, perceiving that it increased their perceived quality of life and saved them both time and money for travelling to the clinic. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified several specific needs and preferences related to the assessed technical solution and the provision of current and future telemedicine care services. Nevertheless, the telemedicine solution was perceived as a usable, flexible, and person-centred approach to HIV care, contributing to accommodating the participants' personal preferences. However, healthcare professionals need to ensure that individual requirements and preferences are consistent with evidence-based follow-up and supported by person-centred care. Thus, the practice of shared decision making is important in telemedicine care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege Mari Johnsen
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, 4898, Grimstad, PO Box 509, Norway.
| | - Anita Øgård-Repål
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, 4898, Grimstad, PO Box 509, Norway
| | - Santiago Gil Martinez
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, 4898, Grimstad, PO Box 509, Norway
| | - Kim Fangen
- Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - Ellen Margrete Iveland Ersfjord
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, 4898, Grimstad, PO Box 509, Norway
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Mabhida SE, Mchiza ZJ, Mokgalaboni K, Hanser S, Choshi J, Mokoena H, Ziqubu K, Masilela C, Nkambule BB, Ndwandwe DE, Kengne AP, Dludla PV. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein among people living with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy: a systemic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:160. [PMID: 38308222 PMCID: PMC10838000 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathological consequences of inflammation persist in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), regardless of the positive outcomes of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to understand and explore the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and other cardiovascular disease (CVD)-risk factors including lipid profiles among PLWH on HAART. Major electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to retrieve relevant global literature reporting on hs-CRP levels in PLWH on HAART. A total of twenty-two studies with an average participant age of 40 years were eligible for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Majority of the included studies were from Africa (n = 11), the United States (n = 6), and Europe (n = 5). Our systemic review showed that most studies reported increased levels of hs-CRP among PLWH on HAART when compared to controls (PLWH not on HAART or those without HIV), especially in studies from Africa. This was supported by a meta-analysis showing significantly elevated levels of hs-CRP in PLWH on HAART when compared to PLWH not on HAART (standardised mean difference [SMD] = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.10‑1.01, z = 2.41; p = 0.02) or those without HIV (SMD = 1.19; 95% CI = 0.76‑1.63, z = 5.35; p < 0.001). Where lipid profiles, as a major predictor for CVD risk, were also impaired in PLWH on HAART when compared to PLWH not on HAART and HIV-negative participants. In conclusion, elevated levels of hs-CRP and lipid levels are prevalent in PLWH on HAART, this may increase the risk of CVD complications, especially for those people living in Africa. However, more evidence in larger population studies is required to confirm these outcomes and unveil any possible clinical implications of HAART-induced modulation of hs-CRP levels in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihle E Mabhida
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
| | - Zandile J Mchiza
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Kabelo Mokgalaboni
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa
| | - Sidney Hanser
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Joel Choshi
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Haskly Mokoena
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, 2745, South Africa
| | - Charity Masilela
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Richards Bay, 3880, South Africa
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Duduzile E Ndwandwe
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - André P Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Richards Bay, 3880, South Africa
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Lee CY, Lin YP, Lin CY, Chen TC, Kuo SH, Lo SH, Wang SF, Lu PL. Trends and the associated factors of optimal immunological response and virological response in late anti-retroviral therapy initiation HIV cases in Taiwan from 2009 to 2020. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:339-348. [PMID: 38194765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late cART initiation (CD4 count ≤200 cells/μL or AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses [AOIs] at cART initiation) impedes CD4 count recovery and virologic suppression after cART initiation. However, studies to evaluate trends of and modifiable factors for optimal immunological response (IR) and virological response (VR) in people living with HIV (PLWH) with late cART initiation with the current HIV treatment strategies are limited. METHODS We retrospectively identified 475 PLWH with late cART initiation in 2009-2020. Patients were grouped based on the presence of IR (CD4 count ≥200 cells/μL) or VR (plasma viral load [PVL] ≤ 50 copies/mL) within 18 months after cART initiation (403 [84.8%] IR(+) and 72 [15.2%] IR(-); 422 [88.8%] VR(+) and 53 [11.2%] VR(-)). We used Joinpoint regression to identify IR (+) and VR(+) proportion changes. RESULTS From 2009 to 2020, the proportion of IR(+) patients remained unchanged (75% to 90%, P = 0.102), whereas that of VR(+) patients increased significantly (75% to 95%, P = 0.007). No join point was identified for either IR(+) or VR(+), and the annual percentage change was 0.56% (nonsignificant) and 1.35% (significant) for IR(+) and VR(+), respectively. Compared to IR(-) patients, IR(+) patients were more likely to have a higher pre-cART PVL, to start with a first-line INSTI-based regimen, or to start cART within 14 days of HIV diagnosis but were less likely to have chronic kidney disease, composite AOIs, or a lower pre-cART CD4 count. Compared to VR(-) patients, VR(+) patients were more likely to start a single-tablet regimen but were less likely to have a higher pre-cART PVL. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified several modifiable factors for optimal IR (rapid cART initiation and INSTI-based regimen initiation) and for optimal VR (STR initiation) among late initiators, which may guide early treatment modifications to reduce their AIDS-defining event incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Pei Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tun-Chieh Chen
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Huei Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Hao Lo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan , ROC; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, ROC.
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Annor F, Nartey YA, Abbew ET, Cudjoe O, Ayisi-Addo S, Ashinyo A, Obiri-Yeboah D. Human immunodeficiency virus care and management in incarcerated populations in Sub-Saharan Africa between 2010 and 2022: A narrative review. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:80-95. [PMID: 37793133 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231205335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have established guidelines to reduce HIV transmission and improve its management in prisons. This narrative review aimed to examine established literature on HIV care and management among incarcerated persons in SSA to identify successful interventions that could inform improved guidelines, policies, and practices related to the clinical care of this population. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and TRIP Medical Databases in August 2022 for articles published between 1st January 2010 and 30th June 2022. We identified 27 eligible articles based on the Population/Concept/Context framework. RESULTS HIV screening primarily involved mass campaigns rather than formal prison programmes, with limited implementation of universal testing and treatment. Although a few studies reported on access to antiretrovirals (ARVs), prisoners in urban areas and females had disproportionate access. Barriers identified include poor living conditions, high levels of stigma, and resource constraints. Inter-prison transfers, release from prison, and lack of established programmes hindered follow-up and linkage to care. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of strategies such as universal testing and treatment, human resource strengthening, financing plans for testing, ARV care, and frequent assessment of risk could improve HIV care and management in prisons in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Annor
- Directorate of Research, Innovation and Consultancy, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Yvonne Ayerki Nartey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Elizabeth Tabitha Abbew
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Obed Cudjoe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Stephen Ayisi-Addo
- National AIDS/STI Control Program of the Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anthony Ashinyo
- National AIDS/STI Control Program of the Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
- Directorate of Research, Innovation and Consultancy, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Meeroekyai S, Jaimalai T, Suree N, Prangkio P. CD4 + T cell-targeting immunoliposomes for treatment of latent HIV reservoir. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 195:114166. [PMID: 38110161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Active targeting nano-delivery is a promising approach to enhance therapeutic efficacy and specificity to the target cells. Liposomes (LPs) have been widely studied for the active targeting delivery due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and feasibility of surface medication to provide the interactions with cell receptors. One of the strategies is to functionalize the surface of LPs with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to obtain immunoliposomes (imLPs) that recognize specific receptors on target cells. Among several target cells, CD4+ T cells are known for playing a pivotal role in controlling the immune system in several diseases, including cancers, inflammatory diseases, and viral infections, particularly HIV-1. Here, we demonstrate two methods for conjugating αCD4 mAb with imLPs for specific targeting of CD4+ T cells that can harbor viral genome and serve as a predominant latent HIV reservoir. LPs conjugated with αCD4 mAb via neutravidin-biotin linkage were used for selectively targeting CD4+ J-Lat 10.6 cells. We demonstrate, via flow cytometry, the importance of the conjugation step, mAb density, and the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) for effective drug delivery to CD4+ T cells. The cellular uptake of imLPs is substantially higher if the imLPs are functionalized with the pre-conjugated αCD4 mAb-neutravidin complex. Furthermore, imLPs loaded with HIV-1 latency reversing agent, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), could reactivate the J-Lat 10.6 cells, suggesting that the αCD4-imLPs could be potentially used as a targeted drug delivery system for HIV-1 latency reactivation or other CD4-targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthasinee Meeroekyai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Suthep, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128, Sec.2, Academia Road, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Thanapak Jaimalai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Suthep, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nuttee Suree
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Suthep, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Suthep, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Panchika Prangkio
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Suthep, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Suthep, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Yang FY, He F, Chen DF, Tang CL, Woraikat S, Li Y, Qian K. Oncological features and prognosis of colorectal cancer in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: A retrospective study. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:29-39. [PMID: 38328311 PMCID: PMC10845290 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the prolonged life expectancy and increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the prognosis and pathological features of CRC in HIV-positive patients require examination. AIM To compare the differences in oncological features, surgical safety, and prognosis between patients with and without HIV infection who have CRC at the same tumor stage and site. METHODS In this retrospective study, we collected data from HIV-positive and -negative patients who underwent radical resection for CRC. Using random stratified sampling, 24 HIV-positive and 363 HIV-negative patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma after radical resection were selected. Using propensity score matching, we selected 72 patients, matched 1:2 (HIV-positive:negative = 24:48). Differences in basic characteristics, HIV acquisition, perioperative serological indicators, surgical safety, oncological features, and long-term prognosis were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Fewer patients with HIV infection underwent chemotherapy compared to patients without. HIV-positive patients had fewer preoperative and postoperative leukocytes, fewer preoperative lymphocytes, lower carcinoembryonic antigen levels, more intraoperative blood loss, more metastatic lymph nodes, higher node stage, higher tumor node metastasis stage, shorter overall survival, and shorter progression-free survival compared to patients who were HIV-negative. CONCLUSION Compared with CRC patients who are HIV-negative, patients with HIV infection have more metastatic lymph nodes and worse long-term survival after surgery. Standard treatment options for HIV-positive patients with CRC should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Yu Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - De-Fei Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Saed Woraikat
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Kang Q, Pan W, Ma Y, Wang D, Jia H, Guo H, Sang F, Xu L, Xu Q, Jin Y. Mortality Risk Factors Among People Living with HIV Receiving Second--line Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural China. Curr HIV Res 2024; 22:CHR-EPUB-137479. [PMID: 38310467 DOI: 10.2174/011570162x280721240108065502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) was introduced in Henan Province in 2009. The number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) starting this therapy is increasing. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the survival and factors affecting mortality among this group. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who switched to second-line ART between May 1, 2010, and May 1, 2016., using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS We followed 3,331 PLHIV for 26,988 person-years, of whom 508 (15.3%) died. The mortality rate was 1.88/100 person-years. After adjusting for confounding factors, we found being a woman (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.79), > 50 years old (HR, 2.69; 95%CI, 2.03-3.56), single/windowed (HR, 1.26; 95%CI, 1.04-1.52), having > 6 years of education (HR, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.65-0.94), Chinese medicine (HR, 0.75; 95%CI, 0.52-0.96), liver injury (HR, 1.58; 95%CI, 1.19-2.10), and CD4+ T cell count <200 cells/µl (HR, 1.94; 95%CI, 1.47-2.55), or 200-350 cells/µl (HR, 1.37; 95%CI, 1.03-1.82) were associated with mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS We found lower mortality among PLHIV who switched to second-line ART than most previous studies. The limitations of a retrospective cohort may, therefore, have biased the data, and prospective studies are needed to confirm the results. Moreover, Chinese medicine combined with second-line ART shows potential as a treatment for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujia Kang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Wanqi Pan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Yanmin Ma
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Huangchao Jia
- The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- Department of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Treatment and Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Feng Sang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Liran Xu
- Department of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Treatment and Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Qianlei Xu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
- Department of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Treatment and Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Yantao Jin
- Department of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Treatment and Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
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Forero-Peña DA, Carrión-Nessi FS, Forero-Peña JL, Camejo-Ávila NA, Mendoza-Millán DL, Omaña-Ávila ÓD, Maricuto AL, Velásquez VL, Mejía-Bernard MD, Rodriguez-Saavedra CM, Marcano-Rojas MV, Contreras Y, Guerra LJ, Alvarado MF, Carballo M, Caldera J, Guevara RN, Redondo MC, Landaeta ME. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study in Caracas, Venezuela. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:87. [PMID: 38225550 PMCID: PMC10789023 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted multiple health services, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, care, and treatment services, jeopardizing the achievement of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 global target. While there are limited studies assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Latin America, there are none, to our knowledge, in Venezuela. This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among PLHIV seen at the outpatient clinic of a reference hospital in Venezuela. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among PLHIV aged 18 years and over seen at the Infectious Diseases Department of the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela between March 2021 and February 2022. RESULTS A total of 238 PLHIV were included in the study. The median age was 43 (IQR 31-55) years, and the majority were male (68.9%). Most patients (88.2%, n = 210) came for routine check-ups, while 28 (11.3%) were newly diagnosed. The majority of patients (96.1%) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but only 67.8% had a viral load test, with almost all (95.6%) being undetectable. Among those who attended regular appointments, 11.9% reported missing at least one medical consultation, and 3.3% reported an interruption in their ART refill. More than half of the patients (55.5%) had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, while the rest expressed hesitancy to get vaccinated. Most patients with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were male (65.1%), younger than 44 years (57.5%), employed (47.2%), and had been diagnosed with HIV for less than one year (33%). However, no statistically significant differences were found between vaccinated patients and those with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Older age was a risk factor for missing consultations, while not having an alcoholic habit was identified as a protective factor against missing consultations. CONCLUSION This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic had a limited impact on adherence to medical consultations and interruptions in ART among PLHIV seen at the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Forero-Peña
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela.
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.
- "Luis Razetti" School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
| | - Fhabián S Carrión-Nessi
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela.
- "Luis Razetti" School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
| | - José L Forero-Peña
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
| | | | - Daniela L Mendoza-Millán
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
- "Luis Razetti" School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Óscar D Omaña-Ávila
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
- "Luis Razetti" School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Andrea L Maricuto
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Viledy L Velásquez
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Mario D Mejía-Bernard
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
- "Luis Razetti" School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | | - Yoesmir Contreras
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
| | - Luis J Guerra
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María F Alvarado
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Martín Carballo
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jocays Caldera
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Rafael N Guevara
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María C Redondo
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María E Landaeta
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
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Zhan Y, Cai DC, Liu Y, Song F, Shan F, Song P, Chen G, Zhang Y, Wang H, Shi Y. Altered metabolism in right basal ganglia associated with asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected individuals. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23342. [PMID: 38169709 PMCID: PMC10758793 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Only few studies have focused on the metabolite differences between asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI) and cognitively normal people living with HIV (PLWH). The current study aims to examine whether brain metabolisms in basal ganglia (BG) by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were potential to discriminate ANI from cognitively normal PLWH. Methods According to neuropsychological (NP) test, 80 PLWH (37.4 ± 10.2 years) were divided into ANI group (HIV-ANI, n = 31) and NP normal group (HIV-normal, n = 49). Brain metabolisms by MRS from right BG were compared between groups, including N-acetylaspartate and N-acetyl aspartylglutamate (tNAA), creatine and phosphocreatine (tCr), and choline-containing compounds (tCho). A total value of three metabolites were introduced. All brain metabolisms were evaluated as its percentage of total. Furthermore, correlations between MRS and NP and clinical measures were evaluated. A logistic regression model was applied, and the AUC values for the model and the continuous factors were compared using receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. Results Compared to HIV-normal group, tNAA/total was lower and tCr/total was higher in the HIV-ANI group (P < 0.05). Both tNAA/total and tCr/total values were correlated with NP score (P < 0.05), especially in verbal fluency, speed of information processing, learning, and recall (P < 0.05). The logistic model included BG-tCr/total, current CD4 and infection years of PLWH. The AUC value for the BG-tCr/total was 0.696 and was not significantly lower than that for logistic model (P < 0.01). Conclusion The altered brain metabolites in the right BG were found in the ANI group compared to PLWH with normal cognition, and further associated with NP deficits. The current findings indicated that brain metabolites assessed by MRS has the potential to discriminate ANI from cognitively normal PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhan
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Chao Cai
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxiang Song
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Shan
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengrui Song
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guochao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Orsini D, Maramao FS, Gargiulo L, Ibba L, Piscazzi F, Pacifico A, Latini A, Gianserra L, Cristaudo A, Costanzo A, Narcisi A. Effectiveness and safety of risankizumab in HIV patients with psoriasis: A case series. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:67-70. [PMID: 37691387 PMCID: PMC10751968 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231199510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological therapies represent the gold-standard treatment of severe forms of plaque psoriasis. However, people living with HIV are often under-treated for psoriasis because very limited data are available on the use of biologics in this population. We report four cases of patients affected by HIV and moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, all treated with risankizumab, a monoclonal antibody that selectively targets interleukin-23. After 16 weeks, all patients experienced complete or almost complete skin clearance without any adverse events. Data on the effectiveness and safety of biological therapies in people living with HIV are limited to case reports or small case series, especially for the most recently approved inhibitors of interleukin-23. Our experienced, although limited, supports the role of risankizumab as a safe and effective therapy for psoriasis amongst patients living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Orsini
- Clinical Dermatology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio S. Maramao
- UOSD di Dermatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Università degli studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Gargiulo
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Luciano Ibba
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Francesco Piscazzi
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Alessia Pacifico
- Clinical Dermatology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Latini
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Gianserra
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- Clinical Dermatology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Costanzo
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
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López NJ, Arazi-Caillaud S, Bologna RM, Mangano AM, Aulicino PC. Longitudinal Trends in HIV-1 Subtypes and Drug Resistance in Children from Argentina over a 15-Year Period (2006-2021). Rev Invest Clin 2024; 76:29-36. [PMID: 38442695 DOI: 10.24875/ric.23000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in children and adolescents infected with the virus. Objectives The objectives of the study are to investigate HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in patients who attended a referral care center in Argentina over a 15-year period and to compare mutational patterns between HIV-1 polsequences characterized as B or BF recombinants. Methods Individual resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) (to protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors) were identified according to IAS-USA guidelines in 374 HIV-1-infected children and adolescents. HIV-1 subtype was characterized by phylogenetic and recombination analysis using MEGA5.1 and Simplot. Poisson linear regression was used to model the dynamics of the RAMs over time. Results The prevalence of RAMs to protease inhibitors (R2 = 0.52, p = 0.0012) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (R2 = 0.30, p = 0.0225) decreased over time. HIVDR to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors remained moderate to high, ranging between 33% and 76%. BF recombinants showed a higher frequency of thymidine analog mutation 1 RAMs profile and I54V mutation. Conclusion In Argentina, HIVDR observed in children and adolescents has decreased over the past 15 years, regardless of the viral subtype. (REV INVEST CLIN. 2024;76(1):29-36).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia J López
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus (BCYR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Solange Arazi-Caillaud
- Epidemiology Service, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosa M Bologna
- Epidemiology Service, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea M Mangano
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus (BCYR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula C Aulicino
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus (BCYR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Shallangwa MM, Bello HM, Musa SS, Iwenya HC, Hamid RM, Hussaini M. Sociodemographic factors associated with acceptance of index case testing among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-positive clients in southern borno, Nigeria. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:4-10. [PMID: 37678957 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231199521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to explore the sociodemographic factors associated with the acceptance of index case testing (ICT) among newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Southern Borno, Nigeria. METHODS The study involved four healthcare facilities providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) services in Southern Borno, Nigeria. Secondary data from the index case testing register were collected between April 2022 and April 2023. Categorical variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses was used to determine the factors associated with ICT acceptance, using a 95% confidence interval and significance level of p ≤ .05. RESULTS Among the 302 index cases offered ICT, the acceptance rate was 69.5%. Individuals aged 25-49 years (AOR: 0.294, 95% CI: 0.098-0.775) and 50 years and above (AOR: 0.210, 95% CI: 0.046-0.862) were less likely to accept ICT compared to those aged 18-24 years. Married individuals were 38.86 times more likely to accept ICT than those who were single and never married (AOR: 38.856, 95% CI: 12.620-171.674). CONCLUSION The study shows high ICT acceptance among newly diagnosed PLHIV in Southern Borno, with age and marital status as significant factors. These findings can guide targeted interventions to enhance ICT acceptance and enhance HIV care and prevention strategies in the region.
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Sanfilippo S, Docquier B, Schrooyen PL, Makhoul D, Le A. Bilateral Cryptococcal Choroiditis in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patient: A Case Report. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2024; 15:157-162. [PMID: 38357214 PMCID: PMC10866609 DOI: 10.1159/000535151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In this case report, we present a rare case of bilateral cryptococcal choroiditis following a diagnosis of meningitis in a 38-year-old woman with HIV. Case Presentation A Colombian woman, newly diagnosed with HIV, presented with respiratory distress followed by meningeal syndrome. Further evaluation revealed cryptococcal meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, confirmed through cerebrospinal fluid analysis and brain magnetic resonance imaging. The patient reported mild blurred vision, prompting an ophthalmic examination that included indocyanine green angiography. The findings revealed signs of HIV retinopathy and multifocal choroidal lesions in both eyes, suggestive of choroidal cryptococcosis. Treatment involved intravenous administration of amphotericin B and flucytosine, followed by oral fluconazole. Subsequently, the choroidal lesions gradually regressed, and regular monitoring demonstrated no signs of recurrence. Conclusion Cryptococcal choroiditis, though exceptionally rare, can occur in HIV-positive patients with disseminated cryptococcosis. Ophthalmologists should maintain a high index of suspicion for opportunistic infections, even in the absence of pronounced ocular symptoms, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for achieving favorable outcomes in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sanfilippo
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bastien Docquier
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Louis Schrooyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dorine Makhoul
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Gao Y, Alvi RM, Erqou S, Chen Y, Wang H, Wang W, Li X, Zanni MV, Neilan TG, Vermund SH, Qian HZ, Qian F. Risk of death and readmission among individuals with heart failure and HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:70-75. [PMID: 37992436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and readmissions and death outcomes in patients with established heart failure (HF) remains unclear. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to March 1st, 2023, for cohort studies of adult patients (≥18 years) diagnosed with HF and recorded HIV status at baseline. Our analysis included 7 studies with 10,328 HF patients living with HIV and 48,757 HF patients without HIV. Compared to HF patients without HIV, those with HIV had a higher risk of all-cause deaths (HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.15-1.25). HIV infection was also associated with increased risks of HF-associated readmission (HR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03-1.75) and all-cause readmission (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.10-1.46). Our study highlights the independent association between HIV and poor HF outcomes, emphasizing the need for improved management in individuals living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhou
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | | | - Yanxiao Gao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Raza M Alvi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sebhat Erqou
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Honghong Wang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wenru Wang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Xianhong Li
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China; School of International Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China.
| | - Markella V Zanni
- Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tomas G Neilan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sten H Vermund
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Han-Zhu Qian
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Frank Qian
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Nakashima S, Ohara S, Imai Y, Nakano H, Uchida T, Inoue M, Hagihara M. [Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma concurrent with Kaposi's sarcoma in the same lymph node in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2024; 65:74-77. [PMID: 38448001 DOI: 10.11406/rinketsu.65.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
An 80-year-old Japanese man presented with systemic lymphadenopathy, including the para-aortic area and left inguinal nodes, which was diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and human herpesvirus (HHV) 8-positive/HIV-negative Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the lymphoma cells were negative for HHV-8. The patient received combined chemotherapy with rituximab, pirarubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone for six cycles and achieved complete remission. In the literature, five cases of simultaneous appearance of malignant lymphoma and KS in the same lymph node have been reported, but DLBCL as a histological subtype has not yet been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shin Ohara
- Department of Hematology, Eiju General Hospital
| | - Yui Imai
- Department of Hematology, Eiju General Hospital
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Balaji S, Chakraborty R, Aggarwal S. Neurological Complications Caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Associated Opportunistic Co-infections: A Review on their Diagnosis and Therapeutic Insights. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2024; 23:284-305. [PMID: 37005520 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230330083708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurocognitive disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals increase the risk of mortality and morbidity that remain a prevalent clinical complication even in the antiretroviral therapy era. It is estimated that a considerable number of people in the HIV community are developing neurological complications at their early stages of infection. The daily lives of people with chronic HIV infections are greatly affected by cognitive declines such as loss of attention, learning, and executive functions, and other adverse conditions like neuronal injury and dementia. It has been found that the entry of HIV into the brain and subsequently crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) causes brain cell damage, which is the prerequisite for the development of neurocognitive disorders. Besides the HIV replication in the central nervous system and the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy on the BBB, a range of opportunistic infections, including viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents, augment the neurological complications in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Given the immuno-compromised state of PLHIV, these co-infections can present a wide range of clinical syndromes with atypical manifestations that pose challenges in diagnosis and clinical management, representing a substantial burden for the public health system. Therefore, the present review narrates the neurological complications triggered by HIV and their diagnosis and treatment options. Moreover, coinfections that are known to cause neurological disorders in HIV infected individuals are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraman Balaji
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research-Headquarters, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rohan Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sumit Aggarwal
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research-Headquarters, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Picón-Jaimes YA, Lozada-Martinez ID, Orozco-Chinome JE, Molina-Franky J, Bolaño-Romero MP, Fiorillo-Moreno O. Knowledge and attitudes of health professionals in Chile towards people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A cross-national survey. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:39-47. [PMID: 37729951 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231203741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) often experience discrimination from both other individuals and the health personnel who care for them. Chile has experienced a marked increase in the number of new HIV cases.Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study. The HIV/AIDS questionnaire for providers and health personnel was obtained from the International Planned Parenthood Federation, initially carrying out a pilot test and evaluating its validity.Results: A total of 784 health professionals answered the questionnaire correctly. Among them, 68.4% (n = 536) were women, and 36.2% (n = 284) were physicians. The study revealed that more than 90% of respondents had a positive attitude towards caring for people living with HIV, and more than 75% did not mind buying food from them or sharing services with them. Furthermore, more than 99% rejected the religiously endorsed labeling of people living with HIV/AIDS as immoral. Additionally, 95.5% (n = 749) mentioned that they did not feel anxious about knowing whether the next patient on their care list was living with HIV, and 76.9% (n = 603) of the respondents felt safe taking blood samples.Conclusions: Chilean health professionals have good knowledge about HIV infection and its mode transmission. Their attitudes towards people living with HIV are also generally positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelson Alejandro Picón-Jaimes
- Fac Ciències Salut Blanquerna, Universidad Ramon Llul, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Medico Medicien, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Ivan David Lozada-Martinez
- Epidemiology Program, Department of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Jessica Molina-Franky
- Department of Inmunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology and Inmunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria Paz Bolaño-Romero
- Medical and Surgical Research Center, Future Surgeons Chapter, Colombian Surgery Association, Bogotá, Colombia
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Balakirski G, Hofmann SC. [Genitoanal infections caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive Staphylococcus aureus : Smear infection or sexually transmitted disease?]. Dermatologie (Heidelb) 2024; 75:55-60. [PMID: 37982858 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-023-05255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a pore-forming exotoxin produced by certain Staphylococcus (S.) aureus strains, which is responsible for the increased virulence of the pathogen. Thus, infections caused by PVL-positive S. aureus tend to recur. Usually, the infection is a smear infection, which can cause folliculitis and purulent lid margin inflammation in addition to the classic mucocutaneous abscesses. Recently, recurrent genitoanal infections caused by PVL-positive S. aureus have also been described. In most cases, this is a sexually transmitted disease. Currently, it is assumed that most infections are imported from abroad. In addition to treatment of these infections, decolonization should be performed for prophylaxis of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Balakirski
- Zentrum für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Dermatochirurgie, Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal, Heusnerstr. 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Deutschland.
| | - Silke C Hofmann
- Zentrum für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Dermatochirurgie, Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal, Heusnerstr. 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Deutschland
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Ciocca ET, Staggers KA, Carey J, Opekun AR, Hollinger FB, Keitel WA, Atmar RL, El Sahly HM, Whitaker JA. Delays in Hepatitis A vaccination in people with HIV in Houston, Texas between 2010 and 2018. Vaccine X 2024; 16:100422. [PMID: 38192618 PMCID: PMC10772366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have demonstrated low hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination rates among persons with HIV (PWH). Methods We conducted a retrospective study of persons entering HIV care at two clinics in Houston, Texas between 2010 and 2018. We defined those eligible for HAV vaccination as those who had no history of HAV vaccination and had a negative anti-HAV IgG at entry to care. Kaplan-Meier curves summarized time to receipt of HAV vaccines. The proportions of patients who received 1 and 2 HAV vaccines at 6, 12, and 24 months were estimated. Cox proportional hazards regression evaluated associations between patient characteristics and vaccination. Significant factors were included in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. Results Of 6,515 patients, 1372 were eligible for HAV vaccination. Of eligible patients, 29.2 % received 1 HAV vaccination at 6 months, 37.1 % at 12 months, and 47.8 % at 24 months. At 6 months, 10 % received 2 HAV vaccinations, 21.1 % at 12 months, and 33.4 % at 24 months. In multivariable analysis, men who have sex with men (adjusted HR 1.35, 95 % CI 1.06, 1.73) or those who had CD4 count ≥ 200 cells/µl (adjusted HR 2.52, 95 % CI 1.89, 3.37) had their second vaccination sooner than those who were not men who have sex with men or who had CD4 counts < 200 cells/µl, respectively. Patients > 50 years of age had their second vaccination sooner than those aged 30-50 years (adjusted HR 1.47, 95 % CI 1.08, 1.99). Those with active substance history had a longer time to second vaccination compared to those with no substance use history (adjusted HR 0.57, 95 % CI 0.40, 0.82). Conclusions HAV vaccination rates were low and highlight the need for effective solutions to address HAV immunization gaps in PWH, especially among young patients, those with active substance use disorders, and those with significant immunocompromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily T. Ciocca
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristen A. Staggers
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Antone R. Opekun
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F. Blaine Hollinger
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wendy A. Keitel
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert L. Atmar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hana M. El Sahly
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Whitaker
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Zhou YH, Zhao H. Re: 'Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C virus infections in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis' by Wu et al. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:143-144. [PMID: 37805029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Zhou
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Infectious Diseases, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Hospital of Nanjing, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Kamat S, Vaghasia A, Dharmender J, Kansara KG, Shah BJ. Syphilis: Is it Back with a Bang? Indian Dermatol Online J 2024; 15:73-77. [PMID: 38283002 PMCID: PMC10810408 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_187_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Syphilis was brought under control with the advent of penicillin. However, in recent times, a rise in the incidence of syphilis has been reported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Aim To study the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with syphilis attending sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic at tertiary care center. Materials and Methods Observational, cross-sectional analysis of sociodemographic, clinical, and investigational data of all syphilis patients visiting STI clinic from August 2019 to July 2021 was done and analyzed. Results Out of 1330 STI patients that attended the clinic, 15.04% (n = 200) were diagnosed with syphilis, among them 72% (n = 144) were males, and 28% (n = 56) were females, with male-to-female ratio of 2.5:1. Of these 24.5% (n = 49) had primary, 44.5% (n = 89) had secondary, 30.5% (n = 61) had latent, and 0.50% (n = 1) had congenital syphilis. Among secondary syphilis patients, rash was the most common presentation seen in 43 patients, followed by condyloma lata in 30, palmoplantar syphilis in 17, oral mucous patch in 3, and iridocyclitis in 3 patients. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was positive in 16.5% (n = 33). Herpes genitalis was the most common coinfection among 25 patients who were diagnosed with mixed venereal disease. RPR titer was positive in all 200 patients, with 1:16 titer being most common. Conclusion India is experiencing a new trend in the prevalence of syphilis, mainly due to the changes in risk behavior, misconceptions, and social stigma associated with STIs, improved laboratory diagnosis, and increased public awareness. Particularly secondary and latent stages have shown a rising trend over the past few years. Awareness about safe sexual practices and contraception is very important to control the current resurgence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Kamat
- Department of Skin and V. D., Civil Hospital, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Aditi Vaghasia
- Department of Skin and V. D., Civil Hospital, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - J Dharmender
- Department of Skin and V. D., Civil Hospital, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kajal G. Kansara
- Department of Skin and V. D., Civil Hospital, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bela J. Shah
- Department of Skin and V. D., Civil Hospital, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Angamuthu D, Vivekanandan S, Hanna LE. Experimental models for HIV latency and molecular tools for reservoir quantification-an update. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0001323. [PMID: 37966222 PMCID: PMC10732067 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00013-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A major impediment for HIV cure is the ability of the virus to integrate its genome in the form of replication-competent proviral DNA into the cellular genome of the host and remain transcriptionally silent and hidden from the host's immune defense mechanisms in latent reservoir cells. These latent reservoirs are highly heterogeneous, long-lived cells that are capable of reactivating to restore the viremic stage in virally suppressed individuals upon treatment interruption, thus necessitating life-long antiretroviral treatment. Latency reversal has become one of the most explored therapeutic approaches for eliminating HIV reservoirs and effecting HIV cure. Various aspects governing the establishment, maintenance, and reversal of HIV latency continue to be an enigma and warrant further research. Quantifying the size of the latent reservoir pool is also a challenge as these cells are very few in number and cannot be easily differentiated from uninfected cells. This article provides a comprehensive review of the in vitro and in vivo models currently available for studying HIV latency as well as the recently developed molecular tools for detection and quantification of latent viral reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyadarshini Angamuthu
- Department of Virology & Biotechnology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandhya Vivekanandan
- Department of Virology & Biotechnology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Luke Elizabeth Hanna
- Department of Virology & Biotechnology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yang Y, Yu F, Fei Y, Dong G, Cao P, Liu Y. Immune indices and oral health in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:1009. [PMID: 38102603 PMCID: PMC10724968 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). During the incubation period of AIDS, oral manifestations may precede systemic symptoms; therefore, it is vitally important to explore the relationship between HIV and oral health and other indicators. This study aimed to further assess the correlation between demographic risk factors, the dental health of HIV-infected patients, and the correlation of oral health indicators with CD4+ T-cell counts (CTCCs) and HIV viral loads (HIV-VLs). METHODS Demographic data on 108 HIV-infected patients were first recorded by questionnaire from March 2016 to November 2018. Patients' dental health and oral lesions were assessed by a dental specialist; in addition, they were tested for CTCCs and HIV-VLs by flow cytometry and NucliSENS EasyQ® HIV-1 virometer. Finally, the links between CTCC, HIV-VL, and the dental health (including oral lesions) of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS We found that age, marital status, and body mass index (BMI) were relevant to the patient's dental health (P < 0.05) and that their oral hygiene was relevant to their dental health (P < 0.05). However, HIV-VL was not directly related to periodontal/dental clinical indicators (P > 0.05). We discovered that the oral lesions in HIV-infected patients were related to decreased CTCCs and increased HIV-VLs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that HIV-infected patients with severely impaired immune function tend to have poor dental health. Moreover, the prevalence of oral lesions was negatively correlated with CTCC and positively correlated with HIV-VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Yang
- Department of Radiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Feixue Yu
- Department of Radiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujie Fei
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangyan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peilin Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd. Chengdu, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd. Chengdu, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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Ma JQ, Ren YN, Wen SY, Dong AB, Xing WG, Jiang Y. Development and evaluation of serological screening based on one dried plasma spot for HIV, syphilis, and HCV. Virol J 2023; 20:293. [PMID: 38082318 PMCID: PMC10712157 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the effort to prevent and control HIV/AIDS, China has established a national sentinel surveillance system. However, some sentinel sites face limitations in environmental resources and accessibility, prompting the exploration of alternative sample strategies. Dried plasma spots (DPS) samples are viewed as promising alternatives to traditional plasma samples due to their advantages, including sample stability, easy storage, and convenient transport. This study aims to develop a method for screening HIV, Treponema pallidum (TP), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) using DPS samples and assess their performance. METHODS Based on existing commercial assay kits, a detection method was established through the optimization of experimental parameters, including the amount of plasma on filter paper, the volume of elution solution applied to dried plasma spots, the size of dried plasma spots, elution solution volume, elution solution components, elution temperature, and elution time. A series of laboratory evaluation panels were constructed for laboratory assessments, including the laboratory basic panel, laboratory interference panel, and laboratory precision panel. Additionally, clinical samples were used for evaluation. RESULTS Optimal conditions for DPS sample extraction were: plasma volume, 100 µL; DPS size, whole spot; eluent volume, 500 µL; eluent, PBS with 1‰ Tween20; elution time, 2 h; elution temperature, room temperature. A total of 619 paired plasma/DPS samples were tested by both methods. The DPS-based ELISA method exhibited 100% sensitivity/specificity for HIV, 98.6%/100% for TP, and 99.6%/100% for HCV. Kappa values between the plasma samples and DPS samples were 100% for HIV, 99% for TP, and 100% for HCV. The DPS-based ELISA method failed to detect 1 HCV mono-infected sample and TP in 1 HIV/HCV/TP co-infected sample. For the HIV/HCV/TP co-infected sample, the S/CO in the plasma sample was 2.143 and in the DPS sample was 0.5. For HCV, the S/CO (sample OD/cut-off) was 3.049 in the plasma sample and 0.878 in the DPS sample. CONCLUSIONS A single DPS, following one-time standardized processing, can be used to detect HIV, HCV, and TP. Researching and establishing laboratory testing methods better suited for China's sentinel surveillance have significant practical applications in improving HIV testing in resource-constrained environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Qiong Ma
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- National HIV/HCV Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Ren
- Fangshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fangshan, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ao-Bo Dong
- Third Hospital of Baotou City, Baotou, 014040, China
| | - Wen-Ge Xing
- National HIV/HCV Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- National HIV/HCV Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China.
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