1
|
Burm R, Van Houtte F, Verhoye L, Mesalam AA, Ciesek S, Roingeard P, Wedemeyer H, Leroux-Roels G, Meuleman P. A human monoclonal antibody against HBsAg for the prevention and treatment of chronic HBV and HDV infection. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100646. [PMID: 36748051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background & Aims Elimination of chronic HBV/HDV infection remains a major global health challenge. Targeting excessive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) release may provide an interesting window of opportunity to break immune tolerance and to achieve a functional cure using additional antivirals. Methods We evaluated a HBsAg-specific human monoclonal antibody, as part of either a prophylactic or therapeutic strategy, against HBV/HDV infection in cell culture models and in human-liver chimeric mice. To assess prophylactic efficacy, mice were passively immunized prior to infection with HBV or HBV/HDV (coinfection and superinfection setting). Therapeutic efficacy was assessed in HBV and HBV/HDV-coinfected mice receiving 4 weeks of treatment. Viral parameters (HBV DNA, HDV RNA and HBsAg) were assessed in mouse plasma. Results The antibody could effectively prevent HBV/HDV infection in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of ∼3.5 ng/ml. Passive immunization showed complete protection of mice from both HBV and HBV/HDV coinfection. Moreover, HDV superinfection was either completely prevented or at least attenuated in HBV-infected mice. Finally, antibody treatment in mice with established HBV/HDV infection resulted in a significant decline in viremia and a concomitant drop in on-treatment HBsAg, with a moderate viral rebound following treatment cessation. Conclusion We present data on a valuable antibody candidate that could complement other antivirals in strategies aimed at achieving functional cure of chronic HBV and HDV infection. Impact and implications Patients chronically infected with HBV may eventually develop liver cancer and are at great risk of being superinfected with HDV, which worsens and accelerates disease progression. Unfortunately, current treatments can rarely eliminate both viruses from chronically infected patients. In this study, we present data on a novel antibody that is able to prevent chronic HBV/HDV infection in a mouse model with a humanized liver. Moreover, antibody treatment of HBV/HDV-infected mice strongly diminishes viral loads during therapy. This antibody is a valuable candidate for further clinical development.
Collapse
|
2
|
Gantla MR, Tsigelny IF, Kouznetsova VL. Repurposing of drugs for combined treatment of COVID-19 cytokine storm using machine learning. Med Drug Discov 2023; 17:100148. [PMID: 36466363 PMCID: PMC9706997 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) induced cytokine storm is the major cause of COVID-19 related deaths. Patients have been treated with drugs that work by inhibiting a specific protein partly responsible for the cytokines production. This approach provided very limited success, since there are multiple proteins involved in the complex cell signaling disease mechanisms. We targeted five proteins: Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), Nuclear Factor‑Kappa B (NF‑κB), Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), which are involved in the SARS‑CoV‑2 induced cytokine storm pathway. We developed machine-learning (ML) models for these five proteins, using known active inhibitors. After developing the model for each of these proteins, FDA-approved drugs were screened to find novel therapeutics for COVID‑19. We identified twenty drugs that are active for four proteins with predicted scores greater than 0.8 and eight drugs active for all five proteins with predicted scores over 0.85. Mitomycin C is the most active drug across all five proteins with an average prediction score of 0.886. For further validation of these results, we used the PyRx software to conduct protein-ligand docking experiments and calculated the binding affinity. The docking results support findings by the ML model. This research study predicted that several drugs can target multiple proteins simultaneously in cytokine storm-related pathway. These may be useful drugs to treat patients because these therapies can fight cytokine storm caused by the virus at multiple points of inhibition, leading to synergistically effective treatments.
Collapse
Key Words
- 1D 2D 3D, one- two- three-dimensional
- ADAM17, A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- AT1R, Angiotensin II receptor type 1
- AUROC, Area under receiver operator characteristic curve
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- CRS, cytokine release syndrome
- CXCL10, CXC-chemokine ligand 10
- Docking
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- G-CSF, granulocyte colony stimulating factor
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- ICU, intensive care unit
- IL, interleukin
- JAK1, Janus kinase 1
- MCP1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MIP1α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1
- ML, machine learning
- Machine learning
- Multi-targeted drug discovery
- NF-κB, Nuclear Factor-Kappa B
- PDB, Protein Data Bank
- PaDEL, Pharmaeutical data exploration laboratory
- ROC, receiver operator characteristic curve
- SARS-CoV-2
- SMILES, Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Screening of FDA-approved drugs
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- WEKA, Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor F Tsigelny
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, UC San Diego, Calif, USA
- BiAna, La Jolla, Calif, USA
- Dept. of Neurosciences, UC San Diego, Calif, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hashizume T, Ishikawa S, Matsumura K, Ito S, Fukushima T. Chemical and in vitro toxicological comparison of emissions from a heated tobacco product and the 1R6F reference cigarette. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:281-92. [PMID: 36876026 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It has previously been found that, compared with cigarette smoke, the aerosols generated by heated tobacco products contain fewer and lower harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) and elicit lower biological activity in in vitro models and lower smoking-related exposure biomarker levels in clinical studies. It is important to accumulate such scientific evidences for heated tobacco products with a novel heating system, because different heating system may affect the quantitative aspect of the amount of HPHCs and the qualitative aspect of the biological activity of the aerosol generated. Here, the chemical properties of, and toxicological responses to aerosols emitted by DT3.0a, a new heated tobacco product with a novel heating system, and cigarette smoke (CS) were compared, using chemical analyses, in vitro battery (standardized genotoxicity and cytotoxicity) assays, and mechanistic (ToxTracker and two-dimensional cell culture) assays. Regular- and menthol-flavored DT3.0a and standard 1R6F reference cigarettes were tested. Selected HPHC yields were lower in DT3.0a aerosol than 1R6F CS. The genotoxicity-related assays indicated that DT3.0a aerosol was not genotoxic, regardless of metabolic activation. The other biological assays indicated that less cytotoxicity induction and oxidative stress response were elicited by DT3.0a aerosol compared with 1R6F CS. Similar results were found for both regular and menthol DT3.0a. Like previous reports for heated tobacco products with other heating systems, the results of this study indicated that DT3.0a aerosols have chemical and biological properties less likely to be harmful than 1R6F CS.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACM, aerosol collected mass
- ARE, anti-oxidant responsive element
- AqE, aqueous extract
- BDL, below detection limit
- CMF-PBS, calcium- and magnesium-free phosphate buffered saline
- CS, cigarette smoke
- Cytotoxicity
- DT3.0a, Direct Heating Tobacco System Platform 3 generation 3 version a
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- GVP, gas-vapor phase
- Genotoxicity
- HPHCs
- HPHCs, harmful and potentially harmful constituents
- HTP, heated tobacco product
- Heated tobacco product
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- ISO, International Organization for Standardization
- In vitro
- LOD, limit of detection
- LOQ, limit of quantification
- MLA, mouse lymphoma assay
- MN, micronucleus
- MRTP, modified risk tobacco product
- NQ, not quantified
- NRU, neutral red uptake
- Oxidative stress
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- THP, tobacco heating product
- THS, tobacco heating system
- TPM, total particulate matter
- mES, mouse embryonic stem
Collapse
|
4
|
Tseligka ED, Conzelmann S, Cambet Y, Schaer T, Negro F, Clément S. Identification of selective hepatitis delta virus ribozyme inhibitors by high-throughput screening of small molecule libraries. JHEP Rep 2022; 5:100652. [PMID: 36704052 PMCID: PMC9871325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Chronic hepatitis delta is the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis and is associated with faster progression towards cirrhosis, liver decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis delta virus (HDV)'s tight dependency on hepatitis B virus and the host cell machinery for its life cycle limits the development of direct-acting antivirals. Thus, we aimed to identify compounds that could block HDV replication by targeting its antigenomic ribozyme. Methods We generated stable Huh7 human hepatoma cells expressing a reporter gene (Gaussia luciferase) either downstream (Gluc-2xRz) or upstream (2xRz-Gluc) of two HDV antigenomic ribozyme sequences. We performed high-throughput screening of three small molecule libraries. The secreted luciferase was measured as a readout of ribozyme inhibition upon addition of the molecules. Each plate was considered valid when the Z factor was >0.4. Specificity and toxicity evaluations were performed for the hits with a Z-score >5 and half-maximal inhibitory concentration was calculated by performing a dose-response experiment. Results A dose-dependent induction of luciferase expression was detected in Gluc-2xRz-transfected cells incubated with the antisense morpholino, suggesting that the catalytic activity of the ribozyme cloned downstream of the reporter gene was efficiently inhibited. Among the 6,644 compounds screened, we identified four compounds that showed a specific inhibitory effect on the HDV antigenomic ribozyme in Gluc-2xRz cells, i.e. three histone deacetylase inhibitors and the purine analogue 8-azaguanine. The latter also significantly decreased HDV replication (by 40%) in differentiated HepaRG cells six days post infection. Conclusion Using a novel cell culture model, we identified four small molecules active against the antigenomic HDV ribozyme. These results may provide insights into the structural requirements of molecules designed for the potent and specific inhibition of HDV replication. Impact and implications Chronic hepatitis delta is the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis and is associated with faster progression towards cirrhosis, liver decompensation, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the current development of several new compounds, there is still a need for efficient antiviral treatments specifically targeting hepatitis delta virus (HDV). This work describes a novel cell culture model that allows for the high-throughput screening of compounds able to inhibit HDV ribozymes. We identified four small molecules active against the antigenomic HDV ribozyme (the ribozyme involved in the early step of HDV replication), with the strongest activity shown by 8-azaguanine, a purine analogue. Our data may provide insights into the structural requirements of molecules designed to inhibit HDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini D. Tseligka
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Yves Cambet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland,READS Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tifany Schaer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Negro
- Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland,Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland,Corresponding author. Address: Clinical Pathology, and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Sophie Clément
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li G, Wang Y, De Clercq E. Approved HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors in the past decade. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1567-1590. [PMID: 35847492 PMCID: PMC9279714 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors are the important components of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAARTs) for anti-HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis in clinical practice. Many RT inhibitors and their combination regimens have been approved in the past ten years, but a review on their drug discovery, pharmacology, and clinical efficacy is lacking. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of RT inhibitors (tenofovir alafenamide, rilpivirine, doravirine, dapivirine, azvudine and elsulfavirine) approved in the past decade, regarding their drug discovery, pharmacology, and clinical efficacy in randomized controlled trials. Novel RT inhibitors such as islatravir, MK-8504, MK-8507, MK8583, IQP-0528, and MIV-150 will be also highlighted. Future development may focus on the new generation of novel antiretroviral inhibitors with higher bioavailability, longer elimination half-life, more favorable side-effect profiles, fewer drug-drug interactions, and higher activities against circulating drug-resistant strains.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3TC, (−)-2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine (common name, lamivudine)
- ABC, abacavir
- ATV, atazanavir
- AZT, 3′-azido-3′-deoxy-thymidine (common name, zidovudine)
- BIC, bictegravir
- CAB, cabotegravir
- CC50, the 50% cytotoxic concentration
- COBI, cobicistat
- Clinical efficacy
- DOR, doravirine
- DPV, dapivirine
- DRV, darunavir
- DTG, dolutegravir
- EACS, European AIDS Clinical Society
- EC50, half maximal effective concentration
- EFV, efavirenz
- ESV, elsulfavirine
- EVG, elvitegravir
- F, bioavailability
- FDA, US Food and Drug Administration
- FTC, (−)-2′,3′-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3′-thiacytidine (common name, emtricitabine)
- HAART
- HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy
- HIV treatment
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- IAS-USA, International Antiviral Society-USA
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- MSM, men who have sex with men
- NNRTI
- NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
- NRTI
- NRTI, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor
- RPV, rilpivirine
- TAF, tenofovir alafenamide
- TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
- t1/2, elimination half-life
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangdi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu S, Li G, Zang W, Zhou X, Shi K, Zhai Y. Pure drug nano-assemblies: A facile carrier-free nanoplatform for efficient cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:92-106. [PMID: 35127374 PMCID: PMC8799886 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (Nano-DDSs) have emerged as possible solution to the obstacles of anticancer drug delivery. However, the clinical outcomes and translation are restricted by several drawbacks, such as low drug loading, premature drug leakage and carrier-related toxicity. Recently, pure drug nano-assemblies (PDNAs), fabricated by the self-assembly or co-assembly of pure drug molecules, have attracted considerable attention. Their facile and reproducible preparation technique helps to remove the bottleneck of nanomedicines including quality control, scale-up production and clinical translation. Acting as both carriers and cargos, the carrier-free PDNAs have an ultra-high or even 100% drug loading. In addition, combination therapies based on PDNAs could possibly address the most intractable problems in cancer treatment, such as tumor metastasis and drug resistance. In the present review, the latest development of PDNAs for cancer treatment is overviewed. First, PDNAs are classified according to the composition of drug molecules, and the assembly mechanisms are discussed. Furthermore, the co-delivery of PDNAs for combination therapies is summarized, with special focus on the improvement of therapeutic outcomes. Finally, future prospects and challenges of PDNAs for efficient cancer therapy are spotlighted.
Collapse
Key Words
- ABC, accelerated blood clearance
- ACT, adoptive cell transfer
- ATO, atovaquone
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BV, Biliverdin
- Ber, berberine
- CI, combination index
- CPT, camptothecin
- CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- Cancer treatment
- Carrier-free
- Ce6, chlorine e6
- Combination therapy
- DBNP, DOX-Ber nano-assemblies
- DBNP@CM, DBNP were cloaked with 4T1 cell membranes
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DOX, doxorubicin
- DPDNAs, dual pure drug nano-assemblies
- EGFR, epithelial growth factor receptor
- EPI, epirubicin
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FRET, Forster Resonance Energy Transfer
- GEF, gefitinib
- HCPT, hydroxycamptothecin
- HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- ICB, immunologic checkpoint blockade
- ICD, immunogenic cell death
- ICG, indocyanine green
- ITM, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
- MDS, molecular dynamics simulations
- MPDNAs, multiple pure drug nano-assemblies
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MTX, methotrexate
- NIR, near-infrared
- NPs, nanoparticles
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Nano-DDSs, nanoparticulate drug delivery systems
- Nanomedicine
- Nanotechnology
- PAI, photoacoustic imaging
- PD-1, PD receptor 1
- PD-L1, PD receptor 1 ligand
- PDNAs, pure drug nano-assemblies
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PPa, pheophorbide A
- PTT, photothermal therapy
- PTX, paclitaxel
- Poly I:C, polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid
- Pure drug
- QSNAP, quantitative structure-nanoparticle assembly prediction
- RBC, red blood cell
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SPDNAs, single pure drug nano-assemblies
- Self-assembly
- TA, tannic acid
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- TNBC, triple negative breast
- TTZ, trastuzumab
- Top I & II, topoisomerase I & II
- UA, ursolic acid
- YSV, tripeptide tyroservatide
- ZHO, Z-Histidine-Obzl
- dsRNA, double-stranded RNA
- α-PD-L1, anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guanting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenli Zang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kexin Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Device, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yinglei Zhai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Device, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Z, Yang L, Zhao XE. Co-crystallization and structure determination: An effective direction for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4684-4701. [PMID: 34426762 PMCID: PMC8373586 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Safer and more-effective drugs are urgently needed to counter infections with the highly pathogenic SARS-CoV-2, cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. Identification of efficient inhibitors to treat and prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection is a predominant focus. Encouragingly, using X-ray crystal structures of therapeutically relevant drug targets (PLpro, Mpro, RdRp, and S glycoprotein) offers a valuable direction for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery and lead optimization through direct visualization of interactions. Computational analyses based primarily on MMPBSA calculations have also been proposed for assessing the binding stability of biomolecular structures involving the ligand and receptor. In this study, we focused on state-of-the-art X-ray co-crystal structures of the abovementioned targets complexed with newly identified small-molecule inhibitors (natural products, FDA-approved drugs, candidate drugs, and their analogues) with the assistance of computational analyses to support the precision design and screening of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3CLpro, 3C-Like protease
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- Candidate drugs
- Co-crystal structures
- DyKAT, dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation
- EBOV, Ebola virus
- EC50, half maximal effective concentration
- EMD, Electron Microscopy Data
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FDA-approved drugs
- HCoV-229E, human coronavirus 229E
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- MD, molecular dynamics
- MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- MMPBSA, molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area
- MTase, methyltransferase
- Mpro, main protease
- Natural products
- Nsp, nonstructural protein
- PDB, Protein Data Bank
- PLpro, papain-like protease
- RTP, ribonucleoside triphosphate
- RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
- SAM, S-adenosylmethionine
- SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SI, selectivity index
- Ugi-4CR, Ugi four-component reaction
- cryo-EM, cryo-electron microscopy
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Liyan Yang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Xian-En Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu X, Yin C, Ma J, Chai S, Zhang C, Yao S, Kadioglu O, Efferth T, Ye Y, To KKW, Lin G. Polyoxypregnanes as safe, potent, and specific ABCB1-inhibitory pro-drugs to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1885-1902. [PMID: 34386326 PMCID: PMC8343194 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) is significantly hindering effective cancer chemotherapy. However, currently, no ABCB1-inhibitory drugs have been approved to treat MDR cancer clinically, mainly due to the inhibitor specificity, toxicity, and drug interactions. Here, we reported that three polyoxypregnanes (POPs) as the most abundant constituents of Marsdenia tenacissima (M. tenacissima) were novel ABCB1-modulatory pro-drugs, which underwent intestinal microbiota-mediated biotransformation in vivo to generate active metabolites. The metabolites at non-toxic concentrations restored chemosensitivity in ABCB1-overexpressing cancer cells via inhibiting ABCB1 efflux activity without changing ABCB1 protein expression, which were further identified as specific non-competitive inhibitors of ABCB1 showing multiple binding sites within ABCB1 drug cavity. These POPs did not exhibit ABCB1/drug metabolizing enzymes interplay, and their repeated administration generated predictable pharmacokinetic interaction with paclitaxel without obvious toxicity in vivo. We further showed that these POPs enhanced the accumulation of paclitaxel in tumors and overcame ABCB1-mediated chemoresistance. The results suggested that these POPs had the potential to be developed as safe, potent, and specific pro-drugs to reverse ABCB1-mediated MDR. Our work also provided scientific evidence for the use of M. tenacissima in combinational chemotherapy.
Collapse
Key Words
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- ABCB1
- ABCB1, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1
- ABCC1, ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1
- ABCG2, ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2
- ATF3, activating transcription factor 3
- AUC0–∞, area under plasma concentration vs. time curve
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- BHI, brain heart infusion
- CL, clearance
- CYP, cytochrome P450 isozyme
- Cmax, peak concentration
- Combination chemotherapy
- Dox, doxorubicin
- ECL, electrochemiluminescence
- EVOM, epithelial tissue voltohmmeter
- F, bioavailability
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HBSS, Hankʹs balanced salt solution
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- LBE, lowest binding energy
- LC–MS, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
- M. tenacissima, Marsdenia tenacissima
- MDR, multidrug resistance
- MDR1a, multidrug resistance protein 1a
- MRT, mean residence time
- Marsdenia tenacissima
- Multidrug resistance
- N.A., not applicable
- N.D., not detected
- NADPH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NMPA, National Medical Products Administration
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PE, phycoerythrin
- PI, propidium iodide
- POP, polyoxypregnane
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- Papp, apparent permeability
- Polyoxypregnane
- SD, standard derivation
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
- Tmax, time for peak concentration
- UIC-2, mouse monoclonal ABCB1 antibody
- Vd, volume of distribution
- qPCR, quantitative PCR
- t1/2, elimination half-life
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Z, Zhang Z, Li Y, Sun L, Peng D, Du D, Zhang X, Han L, Zhao L, Lu L, Du H, Yuan S, Zhan M. Preclinical efficacy against acute myeloid leukaemia of SH1573, a novel mutant IDH2 inhibitor approved for clinical trials in China. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1526-1540. [PMID: 34221866 PMCID: PMC8245910 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukaemia in adults, with increasing incidence with age and a generally poor prognosis. Almost 20% of AML patients express mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (mIDH2), which leads to the accumulation of the carcinogenic metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), resulting in poor prognosis. Thus, global institutions have been working to develop mIDH2 inhibitors. SH1573 is a novel mIDH2 inhibitor that we independently designed and synthesised. We have conducted a comprehensive study on its pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and safety. First, SH1573 exhibited a strong selective inhibition of mIDH2 R140Q protein, which could effectively reduce the production of 2-HG in cell lines, serum and tumors of an animal model. It could also promote the differentiation of mutant AML cell lines and granulocytes in PDX models. Then, it was confirmed that SH1573 possessed characteristics of high bioavailability, good metabolic stability and wide tissue distribution. Finally, toxicological data showed that SH1573 had no effects on the respiratory system, cardiovascular system and nervous system, and was genetically safe. This research successfully promoted the approval of SH1573 for clinical trials (CTR20200247). All experiments demonstrated that, as a potential drug against mIDH2 R140Q acute myeloid leukaemia, SH1573 was effective and safe.
Collapse
Key Words
- 2-HG, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid
- 2-Hydroxyglutarate
- ADME, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
- AG-221, enasidenib
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- AUC, area under the cure
- Acute myeloid leukaemia
- BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein
- CDX, cell-line-derived xenograft
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- Differentiation
- EPO, erythropoietin
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
- MDR1, multidrug resistance protein 1
- Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (mIDH2)
- OAT, organic anion transporter
- OATP, organic anion transporting polypeptide
- OCT, organ cation transporter
- PD, pharamacodynamics
- PDX, patient-derived tumor xenograft
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- Papp, apparent permeability coefficient
- Preclinical efficacy
- SH1573
- Tumor metabolism
- mIDH2 inhibitor
- mIDH2, mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase
- α-KG, α-ketoglutaric acid
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Dezhen Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Danyu Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Luwei Han
- Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Liwen Zhao
- Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Hongzhi Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Corresponding authors.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saxena P, Saharan V, Baroliya PK, Gour VS, Rai MK, Harish. Mechanism of nanotoxicity in Chlorella vulgaris exposed to zinc and iron oxide. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:724-731. [PMID: 33868956 PMCID: PMC8042424 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth kinetics of C. vulgaris is influenced by NPs exposure. NPs exposure influence proline, carotenoid, activity of SOD, CAT and LDH. NPs exposure disintegrate cellular membrane. Zinc and iron oxide NPs are more toxic to C. vulgaris compared to bulk counterpart.
Usage of nanoparticle in various products has increased tremendously in the recent past. Toxicity of these nanoparticles can have a huge impact on aquatic ecosystem. Algae are the ideal organism of the aquatic ecosystem to understand the toxicity impact of nanoparticles. The present study focuses on the toxicity evaluation of zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles towards freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. The dose dependent growth retardation in Chlorella vulgaris is observed under ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles and nanoform attributed more toxicity than their bulk counterparts. The IC50 values of ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles was reported at 0.258 mg L−1 and 12.99 mg L-1 whereas, for the bulk-form, it was 1.255 mgL-1 and 17.88 mg L−1, respectively. The significant decline in chlorophyll content and increase in proline content, activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, indicated the stressful physiological state of microalgae. An increased lactate dehydrogenase level in treated samples suggested membrane disintegration by ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Compound microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirm cell entrapment, deposition of nanoparticles on the cell surface and disintegration of algal cell wall. Higher toxicity of nanoform in comparison to bulk chemistry is a point of concern.
Collapse
Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Algae
- Antioxidant
- Aquatic-ecosystem
- BG-11, blue green-11
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CAT, catalase
- CDH, central drug house
- DDW, double distilled water
- FTIR, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
- Fe2O3, ferric oxide
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- JCPDS, Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MDA, malondialdehyde assay
- NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form)
- NCBI, national center for biotechnology information
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Nanoparticles
- OD, optical density
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDI, polydispersity index
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SD, standard deviation
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Stress
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- UV, ultra violet
- XRD, X-ray diffraction
- ZnO, zinc oxide
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Saxena
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313 001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 313 001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Baroliya
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313 001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vinod Singh Gour
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Rai
- Department of Environmental Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India
| | - Harish
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313 001, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song Y, Zhao M, Wu Y, Yu B, Liu HM. A multifunctional cross-validation high-throughput screening protocol enabling the discovery of new SHP2 inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:750-762. [PMID: 33777680 PMCID: PMC7982506 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is implicated in various cancers, and targeting SHP2 has become a promising therapeutic approach. We herein described a robust cross-validation high-throughput screening protocol that combined the fluorescence-based enzyme assay and the conformation-dependent thermal shift assay for the discovery of SHP2 inhibitors. The established method can effectively exclude the false positive SHP2 inhibitors with fluorescence interference and was also successfully employed to identify new protein tyrosine phosphatase domain of SHP2 (SHP2-PTP) and allosteric inhibitors. Of note, this protocol showed potential for identifying SHP2 inhibitors against cancer-associated SHP2 mutation SHP2-E76A. After initial screening of our in-house compound library (∼2300 compounds), we identified 4 new SHP2-PTP inhibitors (0.17% hit rate) and 28 novel allosteric SHP2 inhibitors (1.22% hit rate), of which SYK-85 and WS-635 effectively inhibited SHP2-PTP (SYK-85: IC50 = 0.32 μmol/L; WS-635: IC50 = 4.13 μmol/L) and thus represent novel scaffolds for designing new SHP2-PTP inhibitors. TK-147, an allosteric inhibitor, inhibited SHP2 potently (IC50 = 0.25 μmol/L). In structure, TK-147 could be regarded as a bioisostere of the well characterized SHP2 inhibitor SHP-099, highlighting the essential structural elements for allosteric inhibition of SHP2. The principle underlying the cross-validation protocol is potentially feasible to identify allosteric inhibitors or those inactivating mutants of other proteins.
Collapse
Key Words
- AKT, protein kinase B
- ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase
- AML, acute myelogenous leukemia
- Allosteric inhibitors
- BTLA, B and T lymphocyte attenuator
- Bis-tris, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-tris(hydroxymethyl)methane
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- DiFMU, 6,8-difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl hydroxid
- DiFMUP, 6,8-difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate
- Enzyme assay
- FI, fluorescence intensity
- HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- HTS, high-throughput screening
- High-throughput screening
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- JAK, janus kinase
- JMML, juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia
- LB, lysogeny broth
- LOC, ligand only control
- LS, LEOPARD syndrome
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MEK, extracellular regulated protein kinase kinases
- NPC, no protein control
- NS, Noonan syndrome
- OD, optical density
- PD-1, programmed death 1
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase
- PMSF, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
- PTP, protein tyrosine phosphatase
- R2, coefficient of determination
- RAS, rat sarcoma
- S/B, signal over background
- SD, standard deviation
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacyrlamide gel electrophoresis
- SH2, Src homology 2
- SHP2
- SHP2, Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2
- SHP2-PTP, protein tyrosine phosphatase domain of Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2
- SHP2-WT, wild type Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- Thermal shift assay
- Tm, melting temperature
- p-IRS1, phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1
- ΔTm, melting temperature change
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yahong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 371 67781907.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 371 67781907.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang S, Zhao Y, Wang S, Li M, Xu Y, Ran J, Geng X, He J, Meng J, Shao G, Zhou H, Ge Z, Chen G, Li R, Yang B. Discovery of novel diarylamides as orally active diuretics targeting urea transporters. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:181-202. [PMID: 33532188 PMCID: PMC7838058 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urea transporters (UT) play a vital role in the mechanism of urine concentration and are recognized as novel targets for the development of salt-sparing diuretics. Thus, UT inhibitors are promising for development as novel diuretics. In the present study, a novel UT inhibitor with a diarylamide scaffold was discovered by high-throughput screening. Optimization of the inhibitor led to the identification of a promising preclinical candidate, N-[4-(acetylamino)phenyl]-5-nitrofuran-2-carboxamide (1H), with excellent in vitro UT inhibitory activity at the submicromolar level. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations of 1H against UT-B in mouse, rat, and human erythrocyte were 1.60, 0.64, and 0.13 μmol/L, respectively. Further investigation suggested that 8 μmol/L 1H more powerfully inhibited UT-A1 at a rate of 86.8% than UT-B at a rate of 73.9% in MDCK cell models. Most interestingly, we found for the first time that oral administration of 1H at a dose of 100 mg/kg showed superior diuretic effect in vivo without causing electrolyte imbalance in rats. Additionally, 1H did not exhibit apparent toxicity in vivo and in vitro, and possessed favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics. 1H shows promise as a novel diuretic to treat hyponatremia accompanied with volume expansion and may cause few side effects.
Collapse
Key Words
- AQP1, aquaporin 1
- BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- CMC-Na, carboxymethylcellulose sodium
- DMF, N,N-dimethylformamide
- Diuretic
- Fa, fraction absorbance
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- HDL-C and LDL-C, high- and low-density lipoprotein
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IMCD, inner medulla collecting duct
- Oral administration
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- Papp, apparent permeability
- Structure optimization
- THF, tetrahydrofuran
- UT, urea transporter
- Urea transporter inhibitor
- r.t., room temperature
Collapse
|
13
|
Alam S, Emon NU, Shahriar S, Richi FT, Haque MR, Islam MN, Sakib SA, Ganguly A. Pharmacological and computer-aided studies provide new insights into Millettia peguensis Ali (Fabaceae). Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1777-1790. [PMID: 33424267 PMCID: PMC7783235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Millettia peguensis, popular for its ethnopharmacological uses, was employed to evaluate its different pharmacological properties in this study. The analgesic studies of the plant have been performed by acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced licking tests respectively, whereas the antidiarrheal experiment was done by castor oil-induced diarrheal test. Besides, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, thrombolytic evaluations were performed by DPPH scavenging with phenol content determination, brine shrimp lethality, disc diffusion and clot lysis methods respectively. Moreover, in silico study of the phytoconstituents was carried out by molecular docking and ADME/T analysis. The methanol extract of Millettia peguensis (MEMP) revealed significant biological activity in the analgesic and antidiarrheal test (p < 0.001) compared to the standards. Antioxidant assay displayed promising IC50 values (15.96 μg/mL) with the total phenol content (65.27 ± 1.24 mg GAE/g). In the cytotoxicity study, the LC50 value was found to be 1.094 μg/mL. Besides, MEMP was highly sensitive to the bacteria but less liable to clot lysis. Furthermore, phytoconstituents exposed potential binding affinity towards the selected receptors, whereas the ADME/T properties indicated the drug likeliness of the plant. The outcomes of these findings suggest the therapeutic potential of this plant against pain, diarrhea, inflammation, and tissue toxicity.
Collapse
Key Words
- 5-HT3, 5-hydroxytryptamine 3
- ASA, acetyl salicylic acid
- Analgesic
- Antidiarrheal
- Antioxidant
- Antitumor
- BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene
- CADD, computer-aided drug discovery
- COX 1, cyclooxygenase-1
- COX 2, cyclooxygenase-2
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate
- GABA, gamma-Aminobutyric acid
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IL-1, interleukin-1
- LC50, Lethal Concentration 50
- MEMP, methanol extract of Millettia peguensis
- MMP 9, matrix metalloproteinase 9
- Millettia peguensis
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- RONS, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TNF-alpha, tumour necrosis factor alpha
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safaet Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Saimon Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Tasnim Richi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rashedul Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nazmul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Shahenur Alam Sakib
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Amlan Ganguly
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu J, Wang Y, Zhou S, Li J, Wang J, Chi D, Wang X, Lin G, He Z, Wang Y. Remote loading paclitaxel-doxorubicin prodrug into liposomes for cancer combination therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1730-40. [PMID: 33088692 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) has been widely used in the clinic. However, it remains unsatisfied due to the generation of severe toxicity. Previously, we have successfully synthesized a prodrug PTX-S-DOX (PSD). The prodrug displayed comparable in vitro cytotoxicity compared with the mixture of free PTX and DOX. Thus, we speculated that it could be promising to improve the anti-cancer effect and reduce adverse effects by improving the pharmacokinetics behavior of PSD and enhancing tumor accumulation. Due to the fact that copper ions (Cu2+) could coordinate with the anthracene nucleus of DOX, we speculate that the prodrug PSD could be actively loaded into liposomes by Cu2+ gradient. Hence, we designed a remote loading liposomal formulation of PSD (PSD LPs) for combination chemotherapy. The prepared PSD LPs displayed extended blood circulation, improved tumor accumulation, and more significant anti-tumor efficacy compared with PSD NPs. Furthermore, PSD LPs exhibited reduced cardiotoxicity and kidney damage compared with the physical mixture of Taxol and Doxil, indicating better safety. Therefore, this novel nano-platform provides a strategy to deliver doxorubicin with other poorly soluble antineoplastic drugs for combination therapy with high efficacy and low toxicity.
Collapse
Key Words
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- AUC, area under the curve
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CHO, cholesterol
- CO2, carbon dioxide
- CR, creatinine
- Combination therapy
- Cu2+, copper ions
- DL, drug loading
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- DOX, doxorubicin
- DSPE-PEG2000, 2-distearoyl-snglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methyl(polyethylene glycol)-2000
- DTT, d,l-dithiothreitol
- EDTA, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
- EE, encapsulation efficacy
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HSPC, hydrogenated soybean phospholipids
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IVIS, in vivo imaging system
- MLVs, multilamellar vesicles
- MRT, mean residence time
- MTD, maximum tolerated dose
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- Nanoparticles
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PDI, polydispersity index
- PSD LPs, PTX-S-DOX liposomes
- PSD NPs, PTX-S-DOX self-assembled nanoparticles
- PSD, PTX-S-DOX
- PTX, paclitaxel
- Paclitaxel–doxorubicin prodrug
- Prodrug
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Remote loading liposomes
- SD, standard deviation
- Safety
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- UV, ultraviolet
Collapse
|
15
|
Ma L, Wang H, You Y, Ma C, Liu Y, Yang F, Zheng Y, Liu H. Exploration of 5-cyano-6-phenylpyrimidin derivatives containing an 1,2,3-triazole moiety as potent FAD-based LSD1 inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1658-68. [PMID: 33088686 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has become a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. Discovery and develop novel and potent LSD1 inhibitors is a challenge, although several of them have already entered into clinical trials. Herein, for the first time, we reported the discovery of a series of 5-cyano-6-phenylpyrimidine derivatives as LSD1 inhibitors using flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) similarity-based designing strategy, of which compound 14q was finally identified to repress LSD1 with IC50 = 183 nmol/L. Docking analysis suggested that compound 14q fitted well into the FAD-binding pocket. Further mechanism studies showed that compound 14q may inhibit LSD1 activity competitively by occupying the FAD binding sites of LSD1 and inhibit cell migration and invasion by reversing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Overall, these findings showed that compound 14q is a suitable candidate for further development of novel FAD similarity-based LSD1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Key Words
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Anticancer
- EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
- Gastric cancer
- HRMS, high resolution mass spectra
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- LSD1 inhibitors
- LSD1, histone lysine specific demethylase 1
- MOE, molecular operating environment
- PAINS, pan assay interference compounds
- PDB, the Protein Data Bank
- Pyrimidine
- RLU, relative light units
- SARs, structure–activity relationship studies
- TCP, tranylcypromine
- VDW, van der Waals
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu Z, Zhao T, Li Z, Sun K, Fu Y, Cheng T, Guo J, Yu B, Shi X, Liu H. Discovery of [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5- d]pyrimidine derivatives as highly potent, selective, and cellularly active USP28 inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1476-1491. [PMID: 32963944 PMCID: PMC7488365 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (USP28) is closely associated to the occurrence and development of various malignancies, and thus has been validated as a promising therapeutic target for cancer therapy. To date, only few USP28 inhibitors with moderate inhibitory activity have been reported, highly potent and selective USP28 inhibitors with new chemotypes remain to be discovered for pathologically investigating the roles of deubiquitinase. In this current study, we reported the synthesis and biological evaluation of new [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent USP28 inhibitors. Especially, compound 19 potently inhibited USP28 (IC50 = 1.10 ± 0.02 μmol/L, Kd = 40 nmol/L), showing selectivity over USP7 and LSD1 (IC50 > 100 μmol/L). Compound 19 was cellularly engaged to USP28 in gastric cancer cells. Compound 19 reversibly bound to USP28 and directly affected its protein levels, thus inhibiting the proliferation, cell cycle at S phase, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression in gastric cancer cell lines. Docking studies were performed to rationalize the potency of compound 19. Collectively, compound 19 could serve as a new tool compound for the development of new USP28 inhibitors for exploring the roles of deubiquitinase in cancers.
Collapse
Key Words
- BLI, biolayer interferometry technology
- CHX, cycloheximide
- DUBs, deubiquitinating enzymes
- Deubiquitination
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- EdU, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Gastric cancer
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- Kd, dissociation constant
- LSD1, lysine specific demethylase 1
- MG132, proteasome inhibitor
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Tris, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
- USP28 inhibitors
- USP28, ubiquitin specific peptidase 28
- USP7, ubiquitin specific peptidase 7
- Ub, ubiquitin
- Ub-AMC, ubiquitin-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin
- [1,2,3]Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin Yu
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 371 67781908.
| | - Xiaojing Shi
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 371 67781908.
| | - Hongmin Liu
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 371 67781908.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yao Y, Liu Z, Zhao M, Chen Z, Li P, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao C, Long C, Chen X, Yang J. Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 4-(3-chloro-4-(3-cyclopropylthioureido)-2-fluorophenoxy)-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxamide (WXFL-152): a novel triple angiokinase inhibitor for cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1453-1475. [PMID: 32963943 PMCID: PMC7488503 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiokinases, such as vascular endothelial-, fibroblast- and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (VEGFRs, FGFRs and PDGFRs) play crucial roles in tumor angiogenesis. Anti-angiogenesis therapy using multi-angiokinase inhibitor has achieved great success in recent years. In this study, we presented the design, synthesis, target identification, molecular mechanism, pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) research of a novel triple-angiokinase inhibitor WXFL-152. WXFL-152, identified from a series of 4-oxyquinoline derivatives based on a structure–activity relationship study, inhibited the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes by blocking the angiokinase signals VEGF/VEGFR2, FGF/FGFRs and PDGF/PDGFRβ simultaneously in vitro. Significant anticancer effects of WXFL-152 were confirmed in multiple preclinical tumor xenograft models, including a patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model. Pharmacokinetic studies of WXFL-152 demonstrated high favourable bioavailability with single-dose and continuous multi-dose by oral administration in rats and beagles. In conclusion, WXFL-152, which is currently in phase Ib clinical trials, is a novel and effective triple-angiokinase inhibitor with clear PD and PK in tumor therapy.
Collapse
Key Words
- ATCC, American Type Culture Collection
- AUC, area under the plasma concentration–time curve
- Anti-angiogenesis therapy
- CE, collision energy
- CL, systemic clearance
- Cmax, maximum plasma concentration
- Drug synthesis
- EC, vascular endothelial cell
- ECM, endothelial cell medium
- ERKs, extracellular signal-regulated kinases
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FGFRs, fibroblast growth factor receptors
- HBVPs, human brain vascular pericytes
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- LC–MS, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
- LLOQ, lower limit of quantification
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- MsOH, methane sulfonic acid
- Multi-angiokinase inhibitor
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- PD, pharmacodynamics
- PDB, protein data bank
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDGFRs, platelet-derived growth factor receptors
- PDX, patient-derived tumor xenograft
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- PM, pericyte medium
- Pharmacokinetic
- QC, quality control
- RE, values and relative error
- RSD, relative standard deviation
- RTKs, receptor tyrosine kinases
- TGI, tumor growth inhibition rate
- TLC, thin-layer chromatography
- Tmax, time the maximum concentration occurred
- Tumor
- ULOQ, up limit of quantitation
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFRs, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors
- Vdss, volume of distribution at steady state
- i.v., intravenous injection
- p.o., per os
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, China
- Guangdong Raynovent Biotech Co., Ltd. Dongguan 523325, China
| | - Manyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | | | - Peng Li
- WuXi AppTec Ltd. Shanghai 200131, China
| | | | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengjian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaofeng Long
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, China
- Guangdong Raynovent Biotech Co., Ltd. Dongguan 523325, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, China
- Guangdong Raynovent Biotech Co., Ltd. Dongguan 523325, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 769 81388217, fax: +86 769 86188080-27 (Xiaoxin Chen); Tel.: +86 28 85501580, fax: +86 28 85501580 (Jinliang Yang).
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 769 81388217, fax: +86 769 86188080-27 (Xiaoxin Chen); Tel.: +86 28 85501580, fax: +86 28 85501580 (Jinliang Yang).
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lu Z, Shi X, Gong F, Li S, Wang Y, Ren Y, Zhang M, Yu B, Li Y, Zhao W, Zhang J, Hou G. RICTOR/mTORC2 affects tumorigenesis and therapeutic efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1004-1019. [PMID: 32642408 PMCID: PMC7332809 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of mTORC1/mTORC2 pathway is observed in many cancers and mTORC1 inhibitors have been used clinically in many tumor types; however, the mechanism of mTORC2 in tumorigenesis is still obscure. Here, we mainly explored the potential role of mTORC2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its effects on the sensitivity of cells to mTOR inhibitors. We demonstrated that RICTOR, the key factor of mTORC2, and p-AKT (Ser473) were excessively activated in ESCC and their overexpression is related to lymph node metastasis and the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) phase of ESCC patients. Furthermore, we found that mTORC1/ mTORC2 inhibitor PP242 exhibited more efficacious anti-proliferative effect on ESCC cells than mTORC1 inhibitor RAD001 due to RAD001-triggered feedback activation of AKT signal. Another, we demonstrated that down-regulating expression of RICTOR in ECa109 and EC9706 cells inhibited proliferation and migration as well as induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Noteworthy, knocking-down stably RICTOR significantly suppresses RAD001-induced feedback activation of AKT/PRAS40 signaling, and enhances inhibition efficacy of PP242 on the phosphorylation of AKT and PRAS40, thus potentiates the antitumor effect of RAD001 and PP242 both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings highlight that selective targeting mTORC2 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for future treatment of ESCC.
Collapse
Key Words
- 4EBP-1, E binding protein-1
- AKT
- AKT, protein kinase B (PKB)
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- H&E staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase
- RAD001
- RICTOR
- RICTOR, rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR
- TNM, tumor-node-metastasis
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- mTORC1, mTOR complex 1
- mTORC2, mTOR complex 2
- p70S6K, p70 ribosomal S6 kinase-1
- pp242
- rapalogs, rapamycin and its analogs
Collapse
|
19
|
Su PH, Tai CJ. Current development in integrative therapy of traditional Chinese medicine for cancer treatment: A mini-review. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:429-433. [PMID: 32953557 PMCID: PMC7484962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide, and there has been a sustained rise in its incidence in both developing and developed countries. Although there are currently numerous effective therapeutic options for cancer, they sometimes exhibit resistance and obvious side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) currently plays a major role in cancer therapy by downregulating the growth of cancer cells through various pathways and by relieving side effects. Studies in cultured human malignant cell lines have demonstrated that Solanum nigrum can control cancer cell proliferation and cancer progression by inducing autophagic and apoptotic cell death. Case–control studies have indicated that TCM can relieve the side effects of cancer therapy. This review provides brief insights into the anticancer effects of TCM, the side effects relieved by TCM, and the role of TCM doctors in cancer treatment. Aqueous extracts of Solanum nigrum can control cancer cell proliferation and cancer progression by inducing autophagic and apoptotic cell death. TCM can relieve side effects such as hematotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and paronychia caused by conventional anticancer treatments. A TCM doctor consulting and referral system for patients with cancer should be established.
Collapse
Key Words
- AESN, aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- Aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum (AESN)
- Autophagic pathway
- Cancer treatment
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- Hematotoxicity
- Hepatotoxicity
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- Paronychia
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SN, Solanum nigrum
- SQDBT, Shi Quan Da Bu Tang
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsuan Su
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jei Tai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of OB/GYN, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li M, Zhao L, Zhang T, Shu Y, He Z, Ma Y, Liu D, Wang Y. Redox-sensitive prodrug nanoassemblies based on linoleic acid-modified docetaxel to resist breast cancers. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:421-32. [PMID: 30972286 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodrug nanoassemblies, which can refrain from large excipients, achieve higher drug loading and control drug release, have been placed as the priority in drug delivery system. Reasoning that glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly upgraded in tumor tissues which makes them attractive targets for drug delivery system, we designed and synthetized a novel prodrug which utilized mono thioether bond as a linker to bridge linoleic acid (LA) and docetaxel (DTX). This mono thioether-linked conjugates (DTX-S-LA) could self-assemble into nanoparticles without the aid of much excipients. The mono thioether endowed the nanoparticles redox sensitivity resulting in specific release at the tumor tissue. Our studies demonstrated that the nanoassemblies had uniform particle size, high stability and fast release behavior. DTX-S-LA nanoassemblies outperformed DTX solution in pharmacokinetic profiles for it had longer circulation time and higher area under curve (AUC). Compared with DTX solution, the redox dual-responsive nanoassemblies had comparable cytotoxic activity. Besides, the antitumor efficacy was evaluated in mice bearing 4T1 xenograft. It turned out this nanoassemblies could enhance anticancer efficacy by increasing the dose because of higher tolerance. Overall, these results indicated that the redox sensitivity nanoassemblies may have a great potential to cancer therapy.
Collapse
Key Words
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- AUC, area under the curve
- Antitumor efficacy
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- C-6, coumarin-6
- CREA, creatinine
- DDS, drug delivery system
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DSPE-PEG2K, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethyleneglycol)-2000]
- DTT, d,l-dithiothreitol
- DTX, docetaxel
- Docetaxel
- EDCI, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GSH, glutathione
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HOBt, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole monohydrate
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- LA, linoleic acid
- Linoleic acid
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide
- Mono thioether bond
- Nanoassemblies
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PDI, polydispersity index
- PTX, paclitaxel
- Pharmacokinetics
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SD, standard deviation
- TLC, thin layer chromatography
Collapse
|
21
|
Kijima T, Nakagawa H, Shimonosono M, Chandramouleeswaran PM, Hara T, Sahu V, Kasagi Y, Kikuchi O, Tanaka K, Giroux V, Muir AB, Whelan KA, Ohashi S, Naganuma S, Klein-Szanto AJ, Shinden Y, Sasaki K, Omoto I, Kita Y, Muto M, Bass AJ, Diehl JA, Ginsberg GG, Doki Y, Mori M, Uchikado Y, Arigami T, Avadhani NG, Basu D, Rustgi AK, Natsugoe S. Three-Dimensional Organoids Reveal Therapy Resistance of Esophageal and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:73-91. [PMID: 30510992 PMCID: PMC6260338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oropharyngeal and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, especially the latter, are a lethal disease, featuring intratumoral cancer cell heterogeneity and therapy resistance. To facilitate cancer therapy in personalized medicine, three-dimensional (3D) organoids may be useful for functional characterization of cancer cells ex vivo. We investigated the feasibility and the utility of patient-derived 3D organoids of esophageal and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. METHODS We generated 3D organoids from paired biopsies representing tumors and adjacent normal mucosa from therapy-naïve patients and cell lines. We evaluated growth and structures of 3D organoids treated with 5-fluorouracil ex vivo. RESULTS Tumor-derived 3D organoids were grown successfully from 15 out of 21 patients (71.4%) and passaged with recapitulation of the histopathology of the original tumors. Successful formation of tumor-derived 3D organoids was associated significantly with poor response to presurgical neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation therapy in informative patients (P = 0.0357, progressive and stable diseases, n = 10 vs. partial response, n = 6). The 3D organoid formation capability and 5-fluorouracil resistance were accounted for by cancer cells with high CD44 expression and autophagy, respectively. Such cancer cells were found to be enriched in patient-derived 3D organoids surviving 5-fluorouracil treatment. CONCLUSIONS The single cell-based 3D organoid system may serve as a highly efficient platform to explore cancer therapeutics and therapy resistance mechanisms in conjunction with morphological and functional assays with implications for translation in personalized medicine.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3D Organoids
- 3D, 3-dimensional
- 5-Fluorouracil
- 5FU, 5-fluorouracil
- AV, autophagy vesicle
- Autophagy
- CD44
- CD44H, high expression of CD44
- CQ, chloroquine
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- LC3, light chain 3
- OPSCC, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
- PI, propidium iodide
- SCCs, squamous cell carcinomas
- TE11R, 5-fluorouracil–resistant derivative of TE11
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kijima
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Masataka Shimonosono
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prasanna M Chandramouleeswaran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Takeo Hara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Varun Sahu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuta Kasagi
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Osamu Kikuchi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Veronique Giroux
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda B Muir
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Naganuma
- Department of Pathology, Kochi University School of Medicine, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Andres J Klein-Szanto
- Histopathology Facility and Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoshiaki Shinden
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ken Sasaki
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Itaru Omoto
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kita
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Adam J Bass
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gregory G Ginsberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuto Uchikado
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Arigami
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Narayan G Avadhani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Devraj Basu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Shoji Natsugoe
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khan MY, Kumar V. Mechanism & inhibition kinetics of bioassay-guided fractions of Indian medicinal plants and foods as ACE inhibitors. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:73-84. [PMID: 30671369 PMCID: PMC6335474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a becoming a major threat to the world. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a key part in the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) which control blood pressure. Over expression of RAAS is related with vascular hypertension, ACE inhibition has turned into a noteworthy target for controlling hypertension. In the search of lead molecules from plant origin as a substitute for toxic synthetic drugs, 25 Indian medicinal plants and foods were screened for their ACE inhibitory activity. IC50 (50% inhibition of ACE) values of hydroalcoholic crude extracts and fraction were determined by a colorimetric method. Active fractions were further screened to determine the enzyme kinetics, mode, specificity and mechanism of inhibition. Standardization was done by determining total phenolics and flavonoids as gallic acid and quercetin equivalents/mg of extract respectively. Among 25 crude extracts, Cynara scolymus extract showed the best activity, IC50 value 356.62 μg/mL. ACE inhibition resulting from protein precipitation was highest in Coscinium fenestratum. Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed a competitive mode of inhibition for Punica granatum ethyl acetate fraction. Fractions of Cassia occidentalis, Cynara scolymus and Embelia ribes were found to be non-specific inhibitors of ACE. Embelia ribes, Cassia occidentalis and Coscinium fenestratum fractions inhibited the ACE by Zn2+ ion chelation. Research revealed the potential of tested plants fractions as ACE inhibitors along with their inhibition kinetics and mechanism of inhibition. These active plant fractions might find importance in the development of potential antihypertensive agents after further investigations using preclinical and clinical trials.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACE, Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme
- Angiotensin converting enzyme
- BAPNA, a-N-benzoyl-dl-arginine-Pnitroanilide HCl
- BP, blood pressure
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- BSC, benzene sulphonyl chloride
- CH2Cl2, dichloromethane
- DMSO, dimethyl sulphoxide
- Enzyme kinetics
- EtOAc, Ethyl acetate
- EtOH, ethanol
- GAEs, gallic acid equivalents
- HA, hippuric acid
- HCl, Hydrochloric acid
- HHL, hippury-l-histidyl-l-leucine
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- Km, Michaelis-Menten constant
- Lineweaver-burk plots
- M, Molar
- MeOH, methanol
- Mm, Milli mole
- Mode of inhibition
- Mu, Milli units
- QEs, quercetin equivalents
- RAS, renin-angiotensin system
- TCA, Trichloroacetic acid
- TFA, trifluoroacetic acid
- UV, ultra violet
- Vmax, Maximum velocity
- Zn2+, Zinc ion
- ZnCl2, Zinc chloride
- mL, milli litre
- mg, milligram
- n-BuOH, n-butanol
- ng, nano gram
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yaseen Khan
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals and Natural Products, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University of Science and Technology, S.G. Highway, Ahmadabad, 382 481, India
| | - Vimal Kumar
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals and Natural Products, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University of Science and Technology, S.G. Highway, Ahmadabad, 382 481, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sahoo AK, Dash UC, Kanhar S, Mahapatra AK. In vitro biological assessment of Homalium zeylanicum and isolation of lucidenic acid A triterpenoid. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:274-281. [PMID: 28959649 PMCID: PMC5615128 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current investigation supports antioxidant, anti-diabetic activities of H. zeylanicum. Current investigation also supports anti-inflammatory activity of H. zeylanicum. The research successfully isolated and analysed structure of lucidenic acid A. Lucidenic acid A reported first time in the bark of H. zeylanicum. Lucidenic acid A produces a significant anti-inflammatory activity.
Homalium zeylanicum (Gardner) Benth. (Flacourtiaceae) is a medicinal plant useful in controlling rheumatism, inflammation and diabetes. The objective of this work evaluates in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiinflammatory properties of hydroalcohol extract of bark of H. zeylanicum (HAHZ). It also describes isolation and structure determination of lucidenic acid A, which is the first report in this plant. In order to explain the role of antioxidant principles, DPPH, nitric oxide, hydroxyl, superoxide and metal chelating assays were performed. Antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by quantifying α-amylase, α-glucosidase and protein denaturation inhibitory activities of HAHZ. Biochemical estimations were performed. The chemical structure of the triterpenoid was elucidated using 1H, 13C NMR and high resolution-MS. IC50 of DPPH, nitric oxide, hydroxyl, superoxide and metal chelating activities were of 36.23 ± 0.27, 40.11 ± 0.32, 35.23 ± 0.57, 43.34 ± 0.22 and 11.54 ± 0.08 μg/mL, respectively. IC50 of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities were 29.12 ± 0.54, and 18.55 ± 0.15 μg/mL. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were recorded at 233.65 mg/g GAE and 172.7 mg/g QE. Regarding kinetic behaviour, HAHZ showed competitive inhibition on α-glucosidase and mixed competitive inhibition on α-amylase. Lucidenic acid A was confirmed by spectroscopic studies. Anti-inflammatory activity of lucidenic acid A was determined by using protein denaturation assay with IC50 13 μg/mL but HAHZ showed 30.34 ± 0.13 μg/mL. Phenols and flavonoids could be attributed to inhibition of intestinal carbohydrases for anti-diabetic activities whereas triterpenoids could be responsible for anti-inflammatory activity of H. zeylanicum.
Collapse
Key Words
- &alpha
- -amylase
- -glucosidase
- Antidiabetic
- Antiinflammatory
- DNS, dinitrosalicylic
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- Diclofenac sodium (PubChem CID: 5018304)
- EDTA (PubChem CID: 6049)
- GAeqv/g, gallic acid equivalents per gram
- HAHZ, hydro alcoholic extract of Homalium zeylanicum
- Homalium zeylanicum
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- Lucidenic acid A (PubChem CID: 14109375)
- Lucidenic acid a
- NBT, nitroblue tetrazolium
- NO, Nitric oxide
- NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- OH, hydroxyl
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PMS, phenazine methosulphate
- Queqv/g, Quercetin equivalents per gram
- Quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343)
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Rf, Retardation factor
- SOD, superoxide anion
- TFC, total flavonoid contents
- TLC, thin layer chromatography
- TPC, total phenolic contents
- acarbose (PubChem CID: 41774)
- gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370)
- pNPG, p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atish Kumar Sahoo
- Phytotherapy Research Lab., Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Forest and Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India
| | - Umesh Chandra Dash
- Phytotherapy Research Lab., Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Forest and Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India
| | - Satish Kanhar
- Phytotherapy Research Lab., Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Forest and Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mahapatra
- Odisha Forest Development Corp. Ltd., Forest and Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, A-84, Kharavela Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751001, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Déciga-Campos M, Navarrete-Vázquez G, López-Muñoz FJ, Librowski T, Sánchez-Recillas A, Yañez-Pérez V, Ortiz-Andrade R. Complementary pharmacological and toxicological characterization data on the pharmacological profile of N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1-piperidinyl) acetamide. Data Brief 2016; 8:1007-1012. [PMID: 27995169 PMCID: PMC5156471 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This text presents complementary data corresponding to pharmacological and toxicological characterization of N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1-piperidinyl)acetamide (LIA) compound. These data support our research article entitled "Pharmacological profile of N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1-piperidinyl)acetamide, a novel analog of lidocaine" Déciga-Campos M., Navarrete-Vázquez G., López-Muñoz F.J., Librowski T., Sánchez-Recillas A., Yañez-Pérez V., Ortiz-Andrade R. (2016) [1]. Toxicity was predicted through the ACD/ToxSuite software and evaluated in vivo using brine shrimp larvae (Artemia salina L.) and mice. Also, we used the micronucleus assay to determine genotoxicity. We used the platform admetSAR to predict absorption properties of LIA and lidocaine.
Collapse
Key Words
- CYP-P450, cytochrome P-450
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- HR, heart rate
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- LC50, half lethal concentration
- LD50, half lethal dose
- LIA, N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1-piperidinyl)acetamide
- Lidocaine
- MNPCE, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes
- N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1-piperidinyl)acetamide
- NCE, normochromatic erythrocytes
- PCE, polychromatic erythrocytes
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- Toxicity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Déciga-Campos
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - Tadeusz Librowski
- Departament of Pharmacodynamics, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Amanda Sánchez-Recillas
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Victor Yañez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Rolffy Ortiz-Andrade
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Mérida, Yucatán, México
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yin J, Wang J. Renal drug transporters and their significance in drug-drug interactions. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:363-73. [PMID: 27709005 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a vital organ for the elimination of therapeutic drugs and their metabolites. Renal drug transporters, which are primarily located in the renal proximal tubules, play an important role in tubular secretion and reabsorption of drug molecules in the kidney. Tubular secretion is characterized by high clearance capacities, broad substrate specificities, and distinct charge selectivity for organic cations and anions. In the past two decades, substantial progress has been made in understanding the roles of transporters in drug disposition, efficacy, toxicity and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). In the kidney, several transporters are involved in renal handling of organic cation (OC) and organic anion (OA) drugs. These transporters are increasingly recognized as the target for clinically significant DDIs. This review focuses on the functional characteristics of major human renal drug transporters and their involvement in clinically significant DDIs.
Collapse
Key Words
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- AUC, area under the plasma concentration curve
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovary
- CL, plasma clearance
- CLR, renal clearance
- Cmax, maximum plasma concentration
- DDIs, drug–drug interactions
- Drug–drug interactions
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- GSH, glutathione
- HEK, human embryonic kidney
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- ITC, International Transporter Consortium
- Ki, inhibitory constant
- MATE, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein
- MPP+, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridimium
- MRP, multidrug resistance-associated protein
- MSD, membrane-spanning domain
- MW, molecular weight
- NBD, nucleotide-binding domain
- NME, new molecular entity
- NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Nephrotoxicity
- OA, organic anion
- OAT or Oat, organic anion transporters
- OATP or Oatp, organic anion-transporting peptide
- OC, organic cation
- OCT or Oct, organic cation transporter
- OCTN, Organic zwitterions/cation transporters
- Organic anions
- Organic cations
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PAH, p-aminohippurate
- Renal drug transporters
- SLC, solute carrier
- SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism
- TEA, tetraethylammonium
- TMD, transmembrane domain
- URAT, urate transporter
- fe, fraction of the absorbed dose excreted unchanged in urine
Collapse
|
26
|
Akin D, Wang SK, Habibzadegah-Tari P, Law B, Ostrov D, Li M, Yin XM, Kim JS, Horenstein N, Dunn WA. A novel ATG4B antagonist inhibits autophagy and has a negative impact on osteosarcoma tumors. Autophagy 2014; 10:2021-35. [PMID: 25483883 PMCID: PMC4502682 DOI: 10.4161/auto.32229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been implicated in the progression and chemoresistance of various cancers. In this study, we have shown that osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells lacking ATG4B, a cysteine proteinase that activates LC3B, are defective in autophagy and fail to form tumors in mouse models. By combining in silico docking with in vitro and cell-based assays, we identified small compounds that suppressed starvation-induced protein degradation, LC3B lipidation, and formation of autophagic vacuoles. NSC185058 effectively inhibited ATG4B activity in vitro and in cells while having no effect on MTOR and PtdIns3K activities. In addition, this ATG4B antagonist had a negative impact on the development of Saos-2 osteosarcoma tumors in vivo. We concluded that tumor suppression was due to a reduction in ATG4B activity, since we found autophagy suppressed within treated tumors and the compound had no effects on oncogenic protein kinases. Our findings demonstrate that ATG4B is a suitable anti-autophagy target and a promising therapeutic target to treat osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3MA, 3-methyladenine
- ACTB, actin, beta
- ATG, autophagy-related
- ATG4B
- ATG4B, autophagy-related 4B, cysteine protease
- AV, autophagic vacuole
- BECN1, beclin 1, autophagy related
- CMPase, cytidine monophosphatase
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium
- ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence
- FYVE, zinc-finger domain named after 4 cysteine-rich proteins: FAB1, YOTB, VAC1, and EEA1
- GABARAPL2, GABA(A) receptor-associated protein-like 2
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IP, intraperitoneal
- LC3B
- MAP1LC3B/LC3B, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3beta
- MP, melting point
- MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- NCI, National Cancer Institute
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- PtdIns3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class III
- PtdIns3P, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate
- RFP, red fluorescent protein
- RLU, relative luciferase units
- RPS6, ribosomal protein S6
- RPS6KB1, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa, polypeptide 1
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- ULK1/2, unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1/2
- and xenografts
- antiautophagy compounds
- dNGLUC, Gaussia luciferase
- in silico docking
- osteosarcoma
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debra Akin
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology ; University of Florida ; Gainesville , FL USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Roelofs MJE, Temming AR, Piersma AH, van den Berg M, van Duursen MBM. Conazole fungicides inhibit Leydig cell testosterone secretion and androgen receptor activation in vitro. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:271-283. [PMID: 28962244 PMCID: PMC5598417 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conazole fungicides are widely used in agriculture despite their suspected endocrine disrupting properties. In this study, the potential (anti-)androgenic effects of ten conazoles were assessed and mutually compared with existing data. Effects of cyproconazole (CYPRO), fluconazole (FLUC), flusilazole (FLUS), hexaconazole (HEXA), myconazole (MYC), penconazole (PEN), prochloraz (PRO), tebuconazole (TEBU), triadimefon (TRIA), and triticonazole (TRIT) were examined using murine Leydig (MA-10) cells and human T47D-ARE cells stably transfected with an androgen responsive element and a firefly luciferase reporter gene. Six conazoles caused a decrease in basal testosterone (T) secretion by MA-10 cells varying from 61% up to 12% compared to vehicle-treated control. T secretion was concentration-dependently inhibited after exposure of MA-10 cells to several concentrations of FLUS (IC50 = 12.4 μM) or TEBU (IC50 = 2.4 μM) in combination with LH. The expression of steroidogenic and cholesterol biosynthesis genes was not changed by conazole exposure. Also, there were no changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation that could explain the altered T secretion after exposure to conazoles. Nine conazoles decreased T-induced AR activation (IC50s ranging from 10.7 to 71.5 μM) and effect potencies (REPs) were calculated relative to the known AR antagonist flutamide (FLUT). FLUC had no effect on AR activation by T. FLUS was the most potent (REP = 3.61) and MYC the least potent (REP = 0.03) AR antagonist. All other conazoles had a comparable REP from 0.12 to 0.38. Our results show distinct in vitro anti-androgenic effects of several conazole fungicides arising from two mechanisms: inhibition of T secretion and AR antagonism, suggesting potential testicular toxic effects. These effects warrant further mechanistic investigation and clearly show the need for accurate exposure data in order to perform proper (human) risk assessment of this class of compounds.
Collapse
Key Words
- 17β-HSD3, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3
- 3β-HSD1, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1
- AR, androgen receptor
- Androgen receptor (AR)
- BMR, benchmark response
- CHO cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells
- CYP19, cytochrome P450 enzyme 19 (aromatase)
- CYP51, cytochrome P450 enzyme 51/lanosterol 14α-demethylase
- CYPRO, cyproconazole
- Conazole fungicides
- Cyp11A1, cytochrome P450 enzyme 11A
- Cyp17, cytochrome P450 enzyme 17
- Cyproconazole (PubChem CID: 86132)
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- EC50, half maximal effective concentration
- EDCs, endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)
- FLUC, fluconazole
- FLUS, flusilazole
- FLUT, flutamide
- FP, forward primer
- FSH(R), follicle-stimulating hormone (receptor)
- Fluconazole (PubChem CID: 3365)
- Flusilazole (PubChem CID: 73675)
- H295R, human adrenocortical carcinoma cells
- HEXA, hexaconazole
- HMG-CoA red, HMG-CoA reductase
- HSD(s), hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(s)
- Hexaconazole (PubChem CID: 66461)
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- LH(R), luteinizing hormone (receptor)
- MA-10 Leydig cells
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- MYC, myclobutanil
- Myclobutanil (PubChem CID: 6336)
- NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PEN, penconazole
- PRO, prochloraz
- Penconazole (PubChem CID: 91693)
- Por, cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase
- Prochloraz (PubChem CID: 73665)
- REP, relative effect potency
- RIA, radioimmunoassay
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RP, reverse primer
- RT-qPCR, real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- Spermatogenesis
- StAR, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
- T, testosterone
- TEBU, tebuconazole
- TRIA, triadimefon
- TRIT, triticonazole
- Tebuconazole (PubChem CID: 86102)
- Testosterone (T)
- Triadimefon (PubChem CID: 39385)
- Triticonazole (PubChem CID: 6537961)
- cAMP, 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarke J E Roelofs
- Endocrine Toxicology Research Group, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A Roberto Temming
- Endocrine Toxicology Research Group, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Endocrine Toxicology Research Group, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van den Berg
- Endocrine Toxicology Research Group, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Majorie B M van Duursen
- Endocrine Toxicology Research Group, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Almeida LO, Abrahao AC, Rosselli-Murai LK, Giudice FS, Zagni C, Leopoldino AM, Squarize CH, Castilho RM. NFκB mediates cisplatin resistance through histone modifications in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). FEBS Open Bio 2013; 4:96-104. [PMID: 24490130 PMCID: PMC3907686 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment of choice for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The efficiency of platinum-based therapies is directly influenced by the development of tumor resistance. Multiple signaling pathways have been linked to tumor resistance, including activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). We explore a novel mechanism by which NFκB drives HNSCC resistance through histone modifications. Post-translational modification of histones alters chromatin structure, facilitating the binding of nuclear factors that mediate DNA repair, transcription, and other processes. We found that chemoresistant HNSCC cells with active NFκB signaling respond to chemotherapy by reducing nuclear BRCA1 levels and by promoting histone deacetylation (chromatin compaction). Activation of this molecular signature resulted in impaired DNA damage repair, prolonged accumulation of histone γH2AX and increased genomic instability. We found that pharmacological induction of histone acetylation using HDAC inhibitors prevented NFκB-induced cisplatin resistance. Furthermore, silencing NFκB in HNSCC induced acetylation of tumor histones, resulting in reduced chemoresistance and increased cytotoxicity following cisplatin treatment. Collectively, these findings suggest that epigenetic modifications of HNSCC resulting from NFκB-induced histone modifications constitute a novel molecular mechanism responsible for chemoresistance in HNSCC. Therefore, targeted inhibition of HDAC may be used as a viable therapeutic strategy for disrupting tumor resistance caused by NFκB. Chemoresistant HNSCC cells have deacetylation of histones and active NFκB signaling. Histone deacetylation reduces BRCA1 levels and enhances genomic instability. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors sensitize HNSCC to chemotherapy. NFκB signaling drives HNSCC chemoresistance by inducing histone deacetylation. NFκB inhibition results in histone acetylation and sensitizes HNSCC to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Key Words
- BRCA1, breast cancer type 1
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Chemoresistance
- Chromatin remodeling
- DDR, DNA damage repair
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DSB, double strand breaks
- HDAC inhibitor
- HDAC, histone deacetylases
- HNSCC
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- Histone acetylation
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IKKα, IκB kinase alpha
- IKKβ, IκB kinase beta
- MTS, non-radioactive cell proliferation assay
- NFκB
- NFκB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NIH, National Institutes of Health
- TSA, trichostatin A
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana O Almeida
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline C Abrahao
- Department of Pathology and Oral Diagnosis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana K Rosselli-Murai
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fernanda S Giudice
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chiara Zagni
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andreia M Leopoldino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane H Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rogerio M Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|